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Budapest
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{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Hungary}}{{About|the capital of Hungary}}{{Distinguish|Bucharest}}{{toomanyimages|date=May 2024}}{{Pp-move}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}{{EngvarB|date=November 2016}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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| name | Budapest| official_name = Capital City of HungaryMagyarország fővárosa
| 47 | 33 | 19 | 05 | format=dms | display=inline,title}}| coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | Hungary}} | List of regions of Hungary>Region| subdivision_name2 = Central Hungary | List of districts in Budapest>23 Districts | District I, Budapest>I., Várkerület | 2nd district of Budapest>II. | 3rd district of Budapest>III., Óbuda-Békásmegyer | Újpest>IV., Újpest | District V, Budapest>V., Belváros-Lipótváros | Terézváros>VI., Terézváros | Erzsébetváros>VII., Erzsébetváros | Józsefváros>VIII., Józsefváros | Ferencváros>IX., Ferencváros | KÅ‘bánya>X., KÅ‘bánya | Újbuda>XI., Újbuda | Hegyvidék>XII., Hegyvidék | 13th district of Budapest>XIII. | Zugló>XIV., Zugló | Rákospalota>XV., Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota | 16th district of Budapest>XVI. | Rákoskeresztúr>XVII., Rákosmente | PestszentlÅ‘rinc>XVIII., PestszentlÅ‘rinc-Pestszentimre | Kispest>XIX., Kispest | Pesterzsébet>XX., Pesterzsébet | Csepel>XXI., Csepel | Budafok>XXII., Budafok-Tétény | Soroksár>XXIII., Soroksár | Buda, Pest, Hungary>Pest and Óbuda| established_date = 17 November 1873 | DATE=11 SEPTEMBER 2014, 11 September 2014, | government_type = Mayor – Council| governing_body = General Assembly of Budapest | Mayor of Budapest>Mayor | Gergely Karácsony (Dialogue for Hungary>Dialogue)| unit_pref = Metric | TRANS-TITLE=REGIONAL STATISTICAL YEARBOOK, 2022 → CENTRAL HUNGARY: BUDAPEST (525 KM2) AND PEST (6,392 KM2) | PUBLISHER=HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (KSH) | DATE=2023, 6 March 2024, | area_total_km2 = 525.2| area_urban_km2 = 2538| area_metro_km2 = 6917 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | TITLE=BEST VIEW IN BUDAPEST FROM THE CITY’S HIGHEST HILLTOP | DATE=11 SEPTEMBER 2014, 11 September 2014, | elevation_m = Lowest (Danube) 96 m Highest (János Hill) 527| elevation_ft = 315 to 1,729 | PUBLISHER=HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (KSH) | DATE=7 DECEMBER 2023, 6 March 2024, | population_as_of = 2022 census| population_total = 1,685,342 | PUBLISHER=HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (KSH) | DATE=31 AUGUST 2023, 6 March 2024, | pop_est_as_of = January 2023| population_est = 1,671,004 | List of cities and towns in Hungary>1st (9th in EU)| population_urban = | population_metro = 2,999,794| population_density_km2 = 3182| population_density_metro_km2 = 434| population_demonyms = Budapester, budapesti (Hungarian) | Gross domestic product>GDP Nominal {{Nobold|(2022)}}| demographics1_footnotes = Multiple sources:
| List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita>Per capita (City)| demographics1_info3 = €36,276 | Human Development Index>HDI (2018) | WEBSITE=GLOBALDATALAB.ORG, – very high · 1st | Central European Time>CET| utc_offset1 = +1 | Central European Summer Time>CEST| utc_offset1_DST = +2 | Postal codes in Hungary>Postal code(s)| postal_code = 1011–1239 | Telephone numbers in Hungary>Area code| area_code = 1| iso_code = HU-BU | Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics>NUTS code| blank_info_sec1 = HU101| blank_name_sec2 = International Airport | Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport>Ferenc Liszt International Airport | www.budapestinfo.hu/en/ | budapest.hu/sites/english/Lapok/default.aspx|Government Official}}| module =
Etymology and pronunciationThe previously separate towns of Buda, Óbuda, and Pest were officially unified in 1873BOOK, Peter, Meusburger, Heike, Jöns, Transformations in Hungary: Essays in Economy and Society, Springer Verlag, 2001,books.google.com/books?id=EXodLH8brNQC&pg=PA291, 3-7908-1412-1, 4 December 2014, and given the new name Budapest. Before this, the towns together had sometimes been referred to colloquially as “Pest-Buda”.BOOK, Gwen, Jones, Chicago of the Balkans: Budapest in Hungarian Literature 1900–1939,books.google.com/books?id=fCgxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT205, Routledge, 5 July 2017, 978-1-351-57216-3, Google Books, WEB,bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html,bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090615094722bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090615094722bparchiv.hu/magyar/kiadvany/bpn/02/bacskai.html, dead, Bácskai Vera: Széchenyi tervei Pest-Buda felemelésére és szépÃtésére, 15 June 2009, Pest is used pars pro toto for the entire city in contemporary colloquial Hungarian.All varieties of English pronounce the -s- as in the English word pest. The -u in Buda- is pronounced either /u/ like food (as in {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|b|uË|d|É™|p|É›|s|t}}{{citation |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}) or /ju/ like cue (as in {{IPAc-en|UK|ËŒ|b|(|j|)|uË|d|É™|ˈ|p|É›|s|t|,_|ËŒ|b|ÊŠ|d|-|,_|ˈ|b|(|j|)|uË|d|É™|p|É›|s|t|,_|ˈ|b|ÊŠ|d|-}}). In Hungarian, the -s- is pronounced /ʃ/ as in wash; in IPA: {{IPA-hu|ˈbudÉ’pɛʃt|lang|Hu-Budapest.ogg}}.The origins of the names “Buda” and “Pest” are obscure. Buda was
History{{For timeline}}Early historyFile:Nuremberg chronicles - BVJA.png|left|thumb|upright=2.05|Buda during the Middle Ages, woodcut from the Nuremberg ChronicleNuremberg ChronicleThe first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD. It was later occupied by the Romans. The Roman settlement – Aquincum – became the main city of Pannonia Inferior in 106 AD. At first it was a military settlement, and gradually the city rose around it, making it the focal point of the city’s commercial life. Today this area corresponds to the Óbuda district within Budapest.WEB,lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions.html, Association of professional tour guides, Lovely Budapest, 21 May 2013,lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130514030640lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130514030640lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions.html, 14 May 2013, dead, The Romans constructed roads, amphitheaters, baths and houses with heated floors in this fortified military camp.BOOK, Sugar, Peter F., A History of Hungary,books.google.com/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&q=The+Romans+roads,+amphitheaters+Aquincum+%C3%93buda&pg=PR9, 3 June 2008, 1990, Indiana University Press, 978-0-253-20867-5, 5, Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest,archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/5, The Roman city of Aquincum is the best-conserved of the Roman sites in Hungary. The archaeological site was turned into a museum with indoor and open-air sections.WEB,www.aquincum.hu/en/, Aquincum – Aquincum Múzeum, Aquincum.hu, The Magyar tribes led by Ãrpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest,Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 12 and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary. Research places the probable residence of the Ãrpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest.Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, p. 14 The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved it is difficult to defend a plain. King Béla IV of Hungary, therefore, ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns and set his own royal palace on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361 it became the capital of Hungary.The cultural role of Buda was particularly significant during the reign of King Matthias Corvinus. The Italian Renaissance had a great influence on the city. His library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana, was Europe’s greatest collection of historical chronicles and philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century, and second in size only to the Vatican Library. After the foundation of the first Hungarian university in Pécs in 1367 (University of Pécs), the second one was established in Óbuda in 1395 (University of Óbuda).BOOK, Sugar, Peter F., A History of Hungary,books.google.com/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&q=Hungarian+university+1395+Buda&pg=PR9, 3 June 2008, 1990, Indiana University Press, 978-0-253-20867-5, 48, The Angevine State,archive.org/details/historyofhungary00pete/page/48, The first Hungarian book was printed in Buda in 1473.JOURNAL, Mona, Ilona, 1974, Hungarian Music Publication 1774–1867, Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Akadémiai Kiadó, 16, 1/4, 261–275, 10.2307/901850, 901850, Buda had about 5,000 inhabitants around the year 1500.Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354–1804, Peter F. Sugar, page 88File:Reprise Buda 1686.jpg|thumb|right|Retaking of Buda from the Ottoman Empire, painted by Frans GeffelsFrans GeffelsThe Ottomans conquered Buda in 1526, as well as in 1529, and finally occupied it in 1541.WEB,whc.unesco.org/en/list/400, Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, UNESCO, 12 March 2016, The Ottoman Rule lasted for more than 150 years. The Ottoman Turks constructed many prominent bathing facilities within the city. Some of the baths that the Turks erected during their rule are still in use 500 years later, including Rudas Baths and Király Baths. By 1547 the number of Christians was down to about a thousand, and by 1647 it had fallen to only about seventy. The unoccupied western part of the country became part of the Habsburg monarchy as Royal Hungary.In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed campaign was started to enter Buda. This time, the Holy League’s army was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German, Croat, Dutch, Hungarian, English, Spanish, Czech, Italian, French, Burgundian, Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers. The Christian forces seized Buda, and in the next few years, all of the former Hungarian lands, except areas near Temesvár (TimiÈ™oara), were taken from the Turks. In the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz, these territorial changes were officially recognized as the end of the rule of the Turks, and in 1718 the entire Kingdom of Hungary was removed from Ottoman rule.Contemporary history after Unification{{See also|Hungary during World War II}}File:Foldalatti Andrassy.png|thumb|left|Millennium Underground (1894{{ndash}}1896), the second oldest metro in the world (after the Metropolitan line{{fact|reason=There are several older London lines|date=May 2024}} of the London UndergroundLondon UndergroundFile:Jakobey Buda ostroma 2.jpg|thumb|right|The Hungarian revolutionary army liberates the Buda castle in May 1849.]]The 19th century was dominated by the Hungarian struggle for independence and modernisation. The national insurrection against the Habsburgs began in the Hungarian capital in 1848 and was defeated one and a half years later, with the help of the Russian Empire. 1867 was the year of Reconciliation that brought about the birth of Austria-Hungary. This made Budapest the twin capital of a dual monarchy. It was this compromise which opened the second great phase of development in the history of Budapest, lasting until World War I. In 1849 the Chain Bridge linking Buda with Pest was opened as the first permanent bridge across the DanubeBOOK, Hughes, Holly, Frommer’s 500 Places to Take Your Kids Before They Grow Up, Wiley Indianapolis Composition Services, 7 Famous Briges, 978-0-470-57760-8,books.google.com/books?id=Wd0znOQhqOwC&q=chain+bridge+budapest&pg=PA91, 13 August 2009, and in 1873 Buda and Pest were officially merged with the third part, Óbuda (Old Buda), thus creating the new metropolis of Budapest. The dynamic Pest grew into the country’s administrative, political, economic, trade and cultural hub. Ethnic Hungarians overtook Germans in the second half of the 19th century due to mass migration from the overpopulated rural Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain. Between 1851 and 1910 the proportion of Hungarians increased from 35.6% to 85.9%, Hungarian became the dominant language, and German was crowded out. The proportion of Jews peaked in 1900 with 23.6%.Budapest statisztikai évkönyve 1943 (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1943), p. 33, Hungarian Central Statistical OfficeBudapest székes fÅ‘város Statisztikai és Közigazgatási Évkönyve 1921–1924 (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1921–1924), p. 38, Hungarian Central Statistical OfficeBudapest statisztikai évkönyve 1944–1946 (Statistical Yearbook of Budapest, 1944–1946), p. 12, Hungarian Central Statistical Office Due to the prosperity and the large Jewish community of the city at the start of the 20th century, Budapest was often called the “Jewish Mecca” or “Judapest”.WEB,www.judapest.org/faq/, History of the word (Jewish-Hungarian Cultural Site), hu, Judapest.org, 21 May 2013, dead,www.judapest.org/faq/," title="web.archive.org/web/20130531202859www.judapest.org/faq/,">web.archive.org/web/20130531202859www.judapest.org/faq/, 31 May 2013, WEB, Jüdische Nachrichten,buecher.hagalil.com/mandelbaum/budapest.htm, Karl Pfeifer: Jüdisches Budapest (Jewish Budapest), de, Buecher.hagalil.com, 28 November 2004, 21 May 2013, Budapest also became an important center for the Aromanian diaspora during the 19th century.JOURNAL,dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Aromanians-in-Greece-Thede-Kahl.pdf,ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Aromanians-in-Greece-Thede-Kahl.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, Aromanians in Greece: Minority or Vlach-speaking Greeks?, Thede, Kahl, Jahrbücher für Geschichte und Kultur Südosteuropas, 5, 205–219, 2003, In 1918, Austria-Hungary lost the war and collapsed; Hungary declared itself an independent republic (Republic of Hungary). In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon partitioned the country, and as a result, Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory, and about two-thirds of its inhabitants, including 3.3 million out of 15 million ethnic Hungarians.BOOK, Macartney, C.A., Hungary and her successors – The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences 1919–1937, Oxford University Press, 1937, NEWS, East on the Danube: Hungary’s Tragic Century, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2003/08/09/world/east-on-the-danube-hungary-s-tragic-century.html, 9 August 2003, 15 March 2008, Richard, Bernstein, File:Operahaz 1893.jpg|thumb|right|The Hungarian State Opera House, built in the time of Austria-HungaryAustria-Hungary(File:Ville de Budapest 1911.jpg|thumb|right|Bond of the City of Budapest, issued 1 May 1911)File:Lanc hid - Budapest 3 Febr 1946 Foto Takkk Hungary.jpg|thumb|left|The Chain Bridge was destroyed during the Siege of BudapestSiege of Budapest(File:Szent István körút a Falk Miksa (Néphadsereg) utca felÅ‘l a Honvéd utca felé nézve. A szovjet csapatok ideiglenes kivonulása 1956. október 31-én. Fortepan 24787.jpg|thumb|right|Soviet tanks in Budapest (1956)){{anchor|Allied air strikes}}In 1944, a year before the end of World War II, Budapest was partly destroyed by British and American air raids (first attack 4 April 1944NEWS, The Sydney Morning Herald,trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/17889740, RAF raids Budapest – second heavy attack, 5 April 1944, NEWS,trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47691625, RAF Follows US Raid on Budapest, 5 April 1944, The Sydney Morning Herald, NEWS,trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11807143, Budapest bombed by RAF, 5 April 1944, The Sydney Morning Herald, ).From 24 December 1944 to 13 February 1945, the city was besieged during the Battle of Budapest. Budapest sustained major damage caused by the attacking Soviet and Romanian troops and the defending German and Hungarian troops. More than 38,000 civilians died during the conflict. All bridges were destroyed by the Germans. The stone lions that have decorated the Chain Bridge since 1852 survived the devastation of the war.WEB,www.bridgesofbudapest.com/bridge/chain_bridge, Chain Bridge / Budapest, www.bridgesofbudapest.com, 1 September 2023, Between 20% and 40% of Greater Budapest’s 250,000 Jewish inhabitants died through Nazi and Arrow Cross Party, during the German occupation of Hungary, from 1944 to early 1945.WEB, Budapest, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005264, 18 July 2007, Swiss diplomat Carl Lutz rescued tens of thousands of Jews by issuing Swiss protection papers and designating numerous buildings, including the now famous Glass House (Ãœvegház) at Vadász Street 29, to be Swiss protected territory. About 3,000 Hungarian Jews found refuge at the Glass House and in a neighboring building. Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg saved the lives of tens of thousands of Jews in Budapest by giving them Swedish protection papers and taking them under his consular protection.ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/wallenberg.html, Raoul Wallenberg, Jewish Virtual Library, 4 December 2014, Wallenberg was abducted by the Russians on 17 January 1945 and never regained freedom. Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian citizen, saved thousands of Hungarian Jews posing as a Spanish diplomat.The Times of Israel, Israeli orchestra honors Italian who saved 5,000 Jews from Nazis, 9 December 2014Interview to Giorgio Perlasca by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 5 September 1990 Some other diplomats also abandoned diplomatic protocol and rescued Jews. There are two monuments for Wallenberg, one for Carl Lutz and one for Giorgio Perlasca in Budapest.Following the capture of Hungary from Nazi Germany by the Red Army, Soviet military occupation ensued, which ended only in 1991. The Soviets exerted significant influence on Hungarian political affairs. In 1949, Hungary was declared a communist People’s Republic (People’s Republic of Hungary). The new Communist government considered the buildings like the Buda Castle symbols of the former regime, and during the 1950s the palace was gutted and all the interiors were destroyed (also see Stalin era).On 23 October 1956 citizens held a large peaceful demonstration in Budapest demanding democratic reform. The demonstrators went to the Budapest radio station and demanded to publish their demands. The regime ordered troops to shoot into the crowd. Hungarian soldiers gave rifles to the demonstrators who were now able to capture the building. This initiated the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The demonstrators demanded to appoint Imre Nagy to be Prime Minister of Hungary. To their surprise, the central committee of the “Hungarian Working People’s Party” did so that same evening. This uprising was an anti-Soviet revolt that lasted from 23 October until 11 November. After Nagy had declared that Hungary was to leave the Warsaw Pact and become neutral, Soviet tanks and troops entered the country to crush the revolt. Fighting continued until mid November, leaving more than 3000 dead. A monument was erected at the fiftieth anniversary of the revolt in 2006, at the edge of the City Park. Its shape is a wedge with a 56 angle degree made in rusted iron that gradually becomes shiny, ending in an intersection to symbolize Hungarian forces that temporarily eradicated the Communist leadership.NEWS,www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence, Memorial to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence, 6 July 2017, Shapedscape, 6 July 2017,www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence," title="web.archive.org/web/20170729004014www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence,">web.archive.org/web/20170729004014www.shapedscape.com/projects/memorial-to-the-1956-hungarian-revolution-and-war-of-independence, 29 July 2017, dead, From the 1960s to the late 1980s Hungary was often satirically referred to as “the happiest barrack” within the Eastern bloc, and much of the wartime damage to the city was finally repaired. Work on Erzsébet Bridge, the last to be rebuilt, was finished in 1964. In the early 1970s, Budapest Metro’s east–west M2 line was first opened, followed by the M3 line in 1976. In 1987, Buda Castle and the banks of the Danube were included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Andrássy Avenue (including the Millennium Underground Railway, HÅ‘sök tere, and Városliget) was added to the UNESCO list in 2002. In the 1980s, the city’s population reached 2.1 million. In recent times a significant decrease in population occurred mainly due to a massive movement to the neighbouring agglomeration in Pest county, i.e., suburbanisation.NEWS,core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11871881.pdf, Suburbanization and Its Consequences in the Budapest Metropolitan Area, 6 July 2017, Tocqueville Research Center, 6 July 2017, 10 November 2017,web.archive.org/web/20171110165134/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11871881.pdf, dead, In the last decades of the 20th century the political changes of 1989–90 (Fall of the Iron Curtain) concealed changes in civil society and along the streets of Budapest. The monuments of the dictatorship were removed from public places, into Memento Park. In the first 20 years of the new democracy, the development of the city was managed by its mayor, Gábor Demszky.NEWS,budapest.hu/Lapok/Budapest-kor%C3%A1bbi-polg%C3%A1rmesterei-%C3%A9s-f%C5%91polg%C3%A1rmesterei.aspx, Former Mayors of Budapest (Budapest korábbi polgármesterei és fÅ‘polgármesterei), 6 July 2017, Government of Budapest, In October 2019, opposition candidate Gergely Karácsony won the Budapest mayoral election, meaning the first electoral blow for Hungary’s nationalist prime minister Viktor Orbán since coming to power in 2010.NEWS, Agence France-Presse, Blow for Hungary PM Orbán as opposition wins Budapest mayoral race,www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/13/opposition-parties-candidate-wins-budapest-mayoral-race, The Guardian, 14 October 2019,GeographyTopographyFile:Budapest by Sentinel-2, 2020-07-28.jpg|left|thumb|Satellite imagerySatellite imageryBudapest, strategically placed at the centre of the Pannonian Basin, lies on an ancient route linking the hills of Transdanubia with the Great Plain. By road it is {{convert|216|km}} south-east of Vienna, {{convert|545|km}} south of Warsaw, {{convert|1565|km}} south-west of Moscow, {{convert|1122|km}} north of Athens, {{convert|1235|km|}} north-east of Rome, {{convert|788|km}} north-east of Milan, {{convert|443|km}} south-east of Prague, {{convert|343|km}} north-east of Zagreb, {{convert|748|km}} north-east of Split and {{convert|1329|km}} north-west of Istanbul.WEB, Budapest,www.google.hu/maps/place/Budapest/@47.4812134,19.1303031,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x4741c334d1d4cfc9:0x400c4290c1e1160, Google Maps, 4 December 2014, The {{convert|525|sqkm|sqmi}} area of Budapest lies in Central Hungary, surrounded by settlements of the agglomeration in Pest county. The capital extends {{convert|25|and|29|km|0|abbr=on}} in the north–south, east–west direction respectively. The Danube enters the city from the north; later it encircles two islands, Óbuda Island and Margaret Island. The third island Csepel Island is the largest of the Budapest Danube islands, however only its northernmost tip is within city limits. The river that separates the two parts of the city is {{convert|230|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} wide at its narrowest point in Budapest. Pest lies on the flat terrain of the Great Plain while Buda is rather hilly.The wide Danube was always fordable at this point because of a small number of islands in the middle of the river. The city has marked topographical contrasts: Buda is built on the higher river terraces and hills of the western side, while the considerably larger Pest spreads out on a flat and featureless sand plain on the river’s opposite bank.ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.britannica.com/place/Budapest#toc59294, Budapest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 21 November 2013, Laszlo, Péter, 4 December 2014, Pest’s terrain rises with a slight eastward gradient, so the easternmost parts of the city lie at the same altitude as Buda’s smallest hills, notably Gellért Hill and Castle Hill.WEB, General information – Geography,www.budapest.com/city_guide/general_information/geography_of_budapest.en.html, Budapest.com, 6 July 2017, The Buda hills consist mainly of limestone and dolomite, the water created speleothems, the most famous ones being the Pálvölgyi cave (total length {{convert|7200|m|ft|disp=or|abbr=on}}) and the SzemlÅ‘hegyi cave (total length {{convert|2200|m|ft|disp=or|abbr=on}}). The hills were formed in the Triassic Period. The highest point of the hills and of Budapest is János Hill, at {{convert|527|m|abbr=off}} above sea level. The lowest point is the line of the Danube which is {{convert|96|m|abbr=off}} above sea level. Budapest is also rich in green areas. Of the {{convert|525|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}} occupied by the city, {{convert|83|km2|sqmi|abbr=off}} is green area, park and forest.WEB,www.budapest-tourist.info/en/geography.php, Geography of Budapest, Budapest Tourist Info, 4 December 2014, The forests of Buda hills are environmentally protected.WEB, Protected Landscape Area of Buda,www.dunaipoly.hu/en/places/protected-areas/protected-areas-1/protected-landscape-area-of-buda, Duna-Ipoly National Park Directorate, 6 July 2017, The city’s importance in terms of traffic is very central, because many major European roads and European railway lines lead to Budapest. The Danube was and is still an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of trade routes.WEB, Geography of Budapest,www.budpocketguide.com/TouristInfo/Geography_of_Bp.php, 4 December 2014, Budapest Pocket Guide,www.budpocketguide.com/TouristInfo/Geography_of_Bp.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20150214061157www.budpocketguide.com/TouristInfo/Geography_of_Bp.php,">web.archive.org/web/20150214061157www.budpocketguide.com/TouristInfo/Geography_of_Bp.php, 14 February 2015, dead, Budapest is one of only three capital cities in the world which has thermal springs (the others being ReykjavÃk in Iceland and Sofia in Bulgaria). Some 125 springs produce {{convert|70|e6l|abbr=off}} of thermal water a day, with temperatures ranging up to 58 Celsius. Some of these waters have been claimed to have medicinal effects due to their high mineral contents.ClimateBudapest has a transitional climate between a humid temperate climate (Köppen: Cfa, Trewartha: Doa), and a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa, Trewartha: Dca), with warm to hot summers and chilly winters.JOURNAL, Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria.,www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1, Nature: Scientific Data, en, Winter (November until early March) can be cold and the city receives little sunshine. Snowfall is fairly frequent in most years, and nighttime temperatures of {{convert|-10|C|F|}} are not uncommon between mid-December and mid-February. The spring months (March and April) see variable conditions, with a rapid increase in the average temperature. The weather in late March and in April is often very agreeable during the day and fresh at night. Budapest’s long summer – lasting from May until mid-September – is warm or very warm. Sudden heavy showers also occur, particularly in May and June. The autumn in Budapest (mid-September until late October) is characterised by little rain and long sunny days with moderate temperatures. Temperatures often turn abruptly colder in late October or early November.Mean annual precipitation in Budapest is around {{convert|23.5|in|1|abbr=out}}. On average, there are 84 days with precipitation and 1988 hours of sunshine (of a possible 4383) each year.ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.britannica.com/place/Budapest, Budapest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 11 September 2014, 11 September 2014, WEB, Climate Budapest – Hungary,www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=huxx0002&lang=en, Climatedata.eu, 4 December 2014,www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=huxx0002&lang=en," title="web.archive.org/web/20150503161858www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=huxx0002&lang=en,">web.archive.org/web/20150503161858www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=huxx0002&lang=en, 3 May 2015, dead, WEB, Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Budapest, Hungary,www.budapest.climatemps.com/sunlight.php, climatemps.com, 4 December 2014,www.budapest.climatemps.com/sunlight.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20150222072343www.budapest.climatemps.com/sunlight.php,">web.archive.org/web/20150222072343www.budapest.climatemps.com/sunlight.php, 22 February 2015, dead, From March to October, average sunshine totals are roughly equal to those seen in northern Italy (Venice).The city lies on the boundary between Zone 6 and Zone 7 in terms of the hardiness zone.WEB,www.gardenology.org/wiki/Hardiness_zone, Hardiness zone – Gardenology.org – Plant Encyclopedia and Gardening wiki, Gardenology.org, 13 October 2012, 3 October 2012,www.gardenology.org/wiki/Hardiness_zone," title="web.archive.org/web/20121003124820www.gardenology.org/wiki/Hardiness_zone,">web.archive.org/web/20121003124820www.gardenology.org/wiki/Hardiness_zone, dead, WEB,www.backyardgardener.com/garden-forum-education/hardiness-zones/europa-hardiness-zone-map/, Europa Hardiness zone map, Backyardgardener.com, 13 October 2012, {{Clear}}{{Weather box| location = Budapest, 1991–2020, (extremes 1870-present)| metric first = yes| single line = yes| Jan record high C = 18.1| Feb record high C = 20.6| Mar record high C = 26.1| Apr record high C = 32.0| May record high C = 34.0| Jun record high C = 39.5| Jul record high C = 40.7| Aug record high C = 40.0| Sep record high C = 37.6| Oct record high C = 30.8| Nov record high C = 23.4| Dec record high C = 19.3| year record high C = 40.7| Jan record low C = -27.1| Feb record low C = -25.0| Mar record low C = -15.5| Apr record low C = -7.2| May record low C = -3.3| Jun record low C = 0.5| Jul record low C = 4.0| Aug record low C = 5.0| Sep record low C = -3.1| Oct record low C = -9.5| Nov record low C = -16.4| Dec record low C = -22.0| year record low C = | Jan high C = 3.0| Feb high C = 5.8| Mar high C = 11.3| Apr high C = 17.9| May high C = 22.6| Jun high C = 26.2| Jul high C = 28.1| Aug high C = 28.0| Sep high C = 22.5| Oct high C = 16.4| Nov high C = 9.4| Dec high C = 3.5| year high C = | Jan mean C = 0.0| Feb mean C = 2.0| Mar mean C = 6.6| Apr mean C = 12.4| May mean C = 16.9| Jun mean C = 20.7| Jul mean C = 22.5| Aug mean C = 22.3| Sep mean C = 16.9| Oct mean C = 11.3| Nov mean C = 5.9| Dec mean C = 0.8| year mean C = | Jan low C = -2.5| Feb low C = -1.3| Mar low C = 2.3| Apr low C = 7.1| May low C = 11.6| Jun low C = 15.2| Jul low C = 16.7| Aug low C = 16.6| Sep low C = 12.2| Oct low C = 7.2| Nov low C = 3.1| Dec low C = -1.4| year low C = | precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 31| Feb precipitation mm = 33| Mar precipitation mm = 32| Apr precipitation mm = 36| May precipitation mm = 67| Jun precipitation mm = 66| Jul precipitation mm = 75| Aug precipitation mm = 61| Sep precipitation mm = 52| Oct precipitation mm = 45| Nov precipitation mm = 48| Dec precipitation mm = 40| year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm| Jan precipitation days = 6| Feb precipitation days = 6| Mar precipitation days = 5.7| Apr precipitation days = 5.7| May precipitation days = 8| Jun precipitation days = 6.6| Jul precipitation days = 6.4| Aug precipitation days = 5.6| Sep precipitation days = 5.6| Oct precipitation days = 6.7| Nov precipitation days = 7.1| Dec precipitation days = 6.8| Jan sun = 53.8| Feb sun = 83.4| Mar sun = 133.4| Apr sun = 179.5| May sun = 233.8| Jun sun = 250.6| Jul sun = 279.4| Aug sun = 253.8| Sep sun = 195.7| Oct sun = 150.7| Nov sun = 65.1| Dec sun = 49.2| year sun = | Jan humidity = 79| Feb humidity = 74| Mar humidity = 66| Apr humidity = 59| May humidity = 61| Jun humidity = 61| Jul humidity = 59| Aug humidity = 61| Sep humidity = 67| Oct humidity = 72| Nov humidity = 78| Dec humidity = 80| year humidity = | Jan dew point C =-3.9| Feb dew point C =-2.3| Mar dew point C =0.0| Apr dew point C =3.4| May dew point C =8.3| Jun dew point C =11.4| Jul dew point C =12.4| Aug dew point C =12.4| Sep dew point C =10.2| Oct dew point C =6.2| Nov dew point C =1.9| Dec dew point C =-1.8| Jan uv = 2| Feb uv = 3| Mar uv = 3| Apr uv = 5| May uv = 5| Jun uv = 6| Jul uv = 6| Aug uv = 6| Sep uv = 4| Oct uv = 3| Nov uv = 2| Dec uv = 2 | ACCESS-DATE=25 APRIL 2024 | URL=HTTPS://MET.HU/EGHAJLAT/MAGYARORSZAG_EGHAJLATA/VAROSOK_JELLEMZOI/BUDAPEST/, HTTPS://MET.HU/EGHAJLAT/MAGYARORSZAG_EGHAJLATA/EGHAJLATI_ADATSOROK/BUDAPEST/ADATOK/HAVI_ADATOK/ >TITLE=HAVI ADATOK - ADATOK - MET.HU | WEBSITE=MET.HU | ACCESS-DATE=25 APRIL 2024, Hungarian, | NCEI(precipitation daysHTTPS://WWW.NODC.NOAA.GOV/ARCHIVE/ARC0216/0253808/2.2/DATA/0-DATA/REGION-6-WMO-NORMALS-9120/HUNGARY/CSV/BUDAPESTBELTERULET_12840.CSV | ACCESS-DATE=25 APRIL 2024 | PUBLISHER=NOAA | >NO-PP=Y | ACCESS-DATE=25 APRIL 2024 | PUBLISHER=NOAA | >NO-PP=Y, TXT, )Weather Atlas (UV)WEB,www.weather-atlas.com/en/hungary/budapest-climate, Budapest, Hungary – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast, Yu Media Group, Weather Atlas, 3 July 2019, }}Architecture{{See also|Category:Buildings and structures in Budapest|List of churches in Budapest}}{{multiple image| align = right| perrow = 2| total_width = 380| image1 = The ruins of the civil town of Aquincum and the Museum in Budapest.jpg| width1 = 600| height1 = 400| image2 = Gercse Å‘sszel.jpg| width2 = 550| height2 = 360| image3 = A Mária Magdolna-templom 33.JPG| width3 = 600| height3 = 400| image4 = Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest, HungrÃa - panoramio (31).jpg| width4 = 550| height4 = 350| image5 = Gül Babab Türbe.JPG| width5 = 600| height5 = 400| image6 = Budapest, XIX. Kós Károly tér, Wekerletelep.jpg| width6 = 550| height6 = 350| footer = Clockwise, from upper left: the ruins of the Celtic and Roman civil town of Aquincum; Romanesque 12th century Gercse Parish Church; the Buda Castle; Kós Károly Square in the Wekerletelep; Ottoman Tomb of Gül Baba; and Gothic Mary Magdalene Church}}Budapest has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the ancient times as Roman City of Aquincum in Óbuda (District III), which dates to around 89 AD, to the most modern Palace of Arts, the contemporary arts museum and concert hall.WEB,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-architecture/, Budapest Architecture, visitbudapest.travel, 2013, 5 May 2014,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-architecture/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140530170324visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-architecture/,">web.archive.org/web/20140530170324visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-architecture/, 30 May 2014, dead, WEB,www.pbase.com/helenpb/the_incredible_architecture_of_budapest, The Incredible Architecture of Budapest, pbase.com, 2013, 5 May 2014, WEB,www.budapest.com/city_guide/attractions/exceptional_buildings.en.html, Exceptional Buildings Budapest, budapest.com, 2014, 5 May 2014, Most buildings in Budapest are relatively low: in the early 2010s there were around 100 buildings higher than {{convert|45|m}}. The number of high-rise buildings is kept low by building legislation, which is aimed at preserving the historic cityscape and to meet the requirements of the World Heritage Site. Strong rules apply to the planning, authorisation and construction of high-rise buildings and consequently much of the inner city does not have any. Some planners would like see an easing of the rules for the construction of skyscrapers, and the possibility of building skyscrapers outside the city’s historic core has been raised.WEB,www.prestigecity.hu/towers/en/lakasok/magas,www.prestigecity.hu/towers/en/lakasok/magas," title="web.archive.org/web/20071016232556www.prestigecity.hu/towers/en/lakasok/magas,">web.archive.org/web/20071016232556www.prestigecity.hu/towers/en/lakasok/magas, dead, 16 October 2007, The high-rise buildings as emblematique element of luxury district, 13th District of Budapest, Prestigecity, 5 May 2014, WEB,www.euscreen.eu/play.jsp?id=EUS_D1935399A8EF4E8891F15BA4C0800C86, The coming of skyscrapers?, euscreen.eu, 17 December 2006, 5 May 2014, 14 May 2014,www.euscreen.eu/play.jsp?id=EUS_D1935399A8EF4E8891F15BA4C0800C86," title="web.archive.org/web/20140514015754www.euscreen.eu/play.jsp?id=EUS_D1935399A8EF4E8891F15BA4C0800C86,">web.archive.org/web/20140514015754www.euscreen.eu/play.jsp?id=EUS_D1935399A8EF4E8891F15BA4C0800C86, dead, In the chronological order of architectural styles Budapest is represented on the entire timeline, starting with the Roman City of Aquincum representing ancient architecture.The next determinative style is the Gothic architecture in Budapest. The few remaining Gothic buildings can be found in the Castle District. Buildings of note are no. 18, 20 and 22 on Országház Street, which date back to the 14th century and No. 31 Úri Street, which has a Gothic façade that dates back to the 15th century. Other buildings with Gothic features are the Inner City Parish Church, built in the 12th century,WEB,visitbudapest.travel/local-secrets/inner-city-parish-church/, The oldest church in Pest, visitbudapest.travel, 2011, 5 May 2014,visitbudapest.travel/local-secrets/inner-city-parish-church/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140506000001visitbudapest.travel/local-secrets/inner-city-parish-church/,">web.archive.org/web/20140506000001visitbudapest.travel/local-secrets/inner-city-parish-church/, 6 May 2014, dead, and the Mary Magdalene Church, completed in the 15th century.WEB,budavar.btk.mta.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/kapisztran-square/251-magdalene-tower.html, Kapisztrán tér – Parish Church of Saint Maria Magdalene, Magdalene Tower, András Végh, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-BTM website, 6 September 2019, 12 February 2022,budavar.btk.mta.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/kapisztran-square/251-magdalene-tower.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20220212163238budavar.btk.mta.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/kapisztran-square/251-magdalene-tower.html,">web.archive.org/web/20220212163238budavar.btk.mta.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/kapisztran-square/251-magdalene-tower.html, dead, The most characteristic Gothic-style buildings are actually Neo-Gothic, like the most well-known Budapest landmarks, the Hungarian Parliament BuildingBOOK, Rick, Steves, Cameron, Hewitt, Rick Steves’ Budapest, 2009, Avalon Travel Publishing, 978-1-59880-217-7, registration,archive.org/details/isbn_9781598802177, and the Matthias Church, where much of the original material was used (originally built in Romanesque style in 1015).WEB,www.budapestbylocals.com/matthias-church.html, Matthias Church Budapest Castle-Church of Our Lady Buda, Tickets, Concerts, 9 July 2022, Budapestbylocals.com, The next chapter in the history of human architecture is Renaissance architecture. One of the earliest places to be influenced by the Renaissance style of architecture was Hungary, and Budapest in particular. The style appeared following the marriage of King Matthias Corvinus and Beatrice of Naples in 1476. Many Italian artists, craftsmen and masons came to Buda with the new queen. Today, many of the original renaissance buildings disappeared during the varied history of Buda, but Budapest is still rich in renaissance and neo-renaissance buildings, like the famous Hungarian State Opera House, St. Stephen’s Basilica and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.WEB,www.lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions/the-basilica-of-st-stephen.html, The Basilica of Saint Stephen, Lovelybudapest.com, 14 February 2018,www.lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions/the-basilica-of-st-stephen.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20171211222120www.lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions/the-basilica-of-st-stephen.html,">web.archive.org/web/20171211222120www.lovelybudapest.com/en/about-budapest/budapest-attractions/the-basilica-of-st-stephen.html, 11 December 2017, dead, During the Turkish occupation (1541–1686), Islamic culture flourished in Budapest; multiple mosques and baths were built in the city. These were great examples of Ottoman architecture, which was influenced by Muslims from around the world including Turkish, Iranian, Arabian and to a larger extent, Byzantine architecture as well as Islamic traditions. After the Holy League conquered Budapest, they replaced most of the mosques with churches and minarets were turned into bell towers and cathedral spires. At one point the distinct sloping central square in Budapest became a bustling Oriental bazaar, which was filled with “the chatter of camel caravans on their way to Yemen and India”.NEWS,www.nytimes.com/1991/03/10/travel/glimpsing-hungary-s-ottoman-past.html, Glimpsing Hungary’s Ottoman Past, Celestine Bohlen, 10 March 1991, The New York Times, 0362-4331, 9 November 2016, Budapest is in fact one of the few places in the world with functioning original Turkish bathhouses dating back to the 16th century, like Rudas Baths or Király Baths. Budapest is home to the northernmost place where the tomb of influential Islamic Turkish Sufi Dervish, Gül Baba is found. Various cultures converged in Hungary seemed to coalesce well with each other, as if all these different cultures and architecture styles are digested into Hungary’s own way of cultural blend. A precedent to show the city’s self-conscious is the top section of the city’s main square, named as Szechenyi. When Turks came to the city, they built mosques here which was aggressively replaced with Gothic church of St. Bertalan. The rationale of reusing the base of the former Islamic building mosque and reconstruction into Gothic Church but Islamic style architecture over it is typically Islamic are still visible. An official term for the rationale is spolia. The mosque was called the djami of Pasha Gazi Kassim, and djami means mosque in Arabic. After Turks and Muslims were expelled and massacred from Budapest, the site was reoccupied by Christians and reformed into a church, the Inner City Parish Church (Budapest). The minaret and Turkish entranceway were removed. The shape of the architecture is its only hint of exotic past—“two surviving prayer niches facing Mecca and an ecumenical symbol atop its cupola: a cross rising above the Turkish crescent moon”.File:Budapest Hungary 08.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.05|The most famous Budapest bridge, the Chain Bridge, the icon of the city’s 19th century development, built in 1849]]After 1686, the Baroque architecture designated the dominant style of art in catholic countries from the 17th century to the 18th century.WEB,whc.unesco.org/en/list/400, Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue – UNESCO World Heritage Centre, UNESCO, 16 April 2012, There are many Baroque-style buildings in Budapest and one of the finest examples of preserved Baroque-style architecture is the Church of St. Anna in Batthyhány square. An interesting part of Budapest is the less touristy Óbuda, the main square of which also has some beautiful preserved historic buildings with Baroque façades. The Castle District is another place to visit where the best-known landmark Buda Royal Palace and many other buildings were built in the Baroque style.The Classical architecture and Neoclassical architecture are the next in the timeline. Budapest had not one but two architects that were masters of the Classicist style. Mihály Pollack (1773–1855) and József Hild (1789–1867), built many beautiful Classicist-style buildings in the city. Some of the best examples are the Hungarian National Museum, the Lutheran Church of Budavár (both designed by Pollack) and the seat of the Hungarian president, the Sándor Palace. The most iconic and widely known Classicist-style attraction in Budapest is the Széchenyi Chain Bridge.{{Structurae|id=20000455|title=Széchenyi Chain Bridge}} Budapest’s two most beautiful Romantic architecture buildings are the Great Synagogue in Dohány Street and the Vigadó Concert Hall on the Danube Promenade, both designed by architect Frigyes Feszl (1821–1884). Another noteworthy structure is the Budapest Western Railway Station, which was designed by August de Serres and built by the Eiffel Company of Paris in 1877.WEB,welovebudapest.com/en/venue/nyugati-railway-station-2/, Nyugati Railway Station – WeLoveBudapest EN, Welovebudapest.com, 14 February 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180215083707/https://welovebudapest.com/en/venue/nyugati-railway-station-2/, 15 February 2018, dead, File:Exterior view - daytime.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.25|The Hungarian Parliament, completed in 1904]]Art Nouveau came into fashion in Budapest by the exhibitions which were held in and around 1896 and organised in connection with the Hungarian Millennium celebrations.WEB,www.boedapestrondleiding.com/text/rondleidingen/artnouveaurondleiding_en.php, Budapest Tour: Early Art Nouveau 1897–1904, budapestarchitect.com, 2011, 5 May 2014, dead,www.boedapestrondleiding.com/text/rondleidingen/artnouveaurondleiding_en.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20140529120059www.boedapestrondleiding.com/text/rondleidingen/artnouveaurondleiding_en.php,">web.archive.org/web/20140529120059www.boedapestrondleiding.com/text/rondleidingen/artnouveaurondleiding_en.php, 29 May 2014, Art Nouveau in Hungary (Szecesszió in Hungarian) is a blend of several architectural styles, with a focus on Hungary’s specialities. One of the leading Art Nouveau architects, Ödön Lechner (1845–1914), was inspired by Indian and Syrian architecture as well as traditional Hungarian decorative designs. One of his most beautiful buildings in Budapest is the Museum of Applied Arts. Another examples for Art Nouveau in Budapest is the Gresham Palace in front of the Chain Bridge, the Hotel Gellért, the Franz Liszt Academy of Music or Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden.}}The second half of the 20th century also saw, under the communist regime, the construction of blocks of flats (panelház), as in other Eastern European countries. In the 21st century, Budapest faces new challenges in its architecture. The pressure towards the high-rise buildings is unequivocal among today’s world cities, but preserving Budapest’s unique cityscape and its very diverse architecture, along with green areas, forces Budapest to balance between them. The Contemporary architecture has wide margin in the city. Public spaces attract heavy investment by business and government also, so that the city has gained entirely new (or renovated and redesigned) squares, parks and monuments, for example the city central Kossuth Lajos square, Deák Ferenc square and Liberty Square. Numerous landmarks are created in the last decade in Budapest, like the National Theatre, Palace of Arts, Rákóczi Bridge, Megyeri Bridge, Budapest Airport Sky Court among others, and millions of square meters of new office buildings and apartments. But there are still large opportunities in real estate development in the city.WEB,www.joneslanglasalle.eu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest%20high%20streets%20_%20electronic%20version.pdf,www.joneslanglasalle.eu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest%20high%20streets%20_%20electronic%20version.pdf," title="ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.joneslanglasalle.eu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest%20high%20streets%20_%20electronic%20version.pdf,">ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.joneslanglasalle.eu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest%20high%20streets%20_%20electronic%20version.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, Budapest High Street Overview 2013, Jones Lang LaSalle, October 2013, 5 May 2014, {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}WEB,www.pwc.com/gx/en/asset-management/emerging-trends-real-estate/assets/pwc-emerging-trends-in-real-estate-2013-europe.pdf,ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/asset-management/emerging-trends-real-estate/assets/pwc-emerging-trends-in-real-estate-2013-europe.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, Emerging Trends in Real Estate, 2013 Europe, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2013, 5 May 2014, WEB,www.cbre.hu/hu_en/news_events/news_detail?p_id=16464, Bulls return to the European commercial real estate market (Budapest), CBRE Group, 24 March 2014, 5 May 2014,www.cbre.hu/hu_en/news_events/news_detail?p_id=16464," title="web.archive.org/web/20140505234228www.cbre.hu/hu_en/news_events/news_detail?p_id=16464,">web.archive.org/web/20140505234228www.cbre.hu/hu_en/news_events/news_detail?p_id=16464, 5 May 2014, dead, {{Wide image|SzentAnnaFotoThalerTamas34.JPG|800px|From left: Saint Anne Parish; Matthias Church; Fisherman’s Bastion; and Stigmatisation of Saint Francis Church}}Districts{|class=“wikitable” style="float:right; text-align:right; font-size:85%; margin:1em;” | |||||||||||
| {{center|Budapest’s twenty-three districts overview}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Administration|Population | Area and Density | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| District | style="text-align:center;” | Official name> | Official 2013 | style="text-align:center;” | Km2> | People/km2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I> | Várkerület> | |7.233 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| II> | 2nd District of Budapest>Rózsadomb | 88.011 | 36,34 | 2.426 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| III> | Óbuda-Békásmegyer> | |3.117 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IV> | Újpest> | |5.227 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| V> | Belváros-Lipótváros> | |10.534 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VI> | Terézváros> | |18.226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VII> | Erzsébetváros> | |30.989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VIII> | Józsefváros> | |11.890 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IX> | Ferencváros> | |4.859 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X> | Kőbánya> | |2.414 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XI> | Újbuda> | 145.510> | |4.313 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XII> | Hegyvidék> | |2.109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XIII> | 13th District of Budapest>Angyalföld,Göncz Ãrpád városközpont,Újlipótváros, Vizafogó | 118.320 | 13,44 | 8.804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XIV> | Zugló> | |6.820 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XV> | 15th District of Budapest>Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota | 79.779 | 26,95 | 2.988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XVI> | 16th district of Budapest>Ãrpádföld, Cinkota, Mátyásföld,Sashalom, Rákosszentmihály | 68.235 | 33,52 | 2.037 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XVII> | Rákosmente> | 54.83>|1.418 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XVIII> | Pestszentlőrinc-Pestszentimre> | |2.414 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XIX> | Kispest> | |6.551 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XX> | Pesterzsébet> | |5.198 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XXI> | Csepel> | |2.963 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XXII> | Budafok-Tétény> | |1.473 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XXIII> | Soroksár> | |501 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{center | 21px) City of Budapest}} | 1,740,041 | 525.2 | 3,313.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{center | Hungary}}> | |107.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ’’Source: Eurostat,HTTP://EPP.EUROSTAT.EC.EUROPA.EU/CACHE/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-HA-11-001-01/EN/KS-HA-11-001-01-EN.PDF >TITLE=EUROSTAT REGIONAL YEARBOOK 2011 | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=8 OCTOBER 2012, Hungarian Central Statistical Office | HTTPS://WWW.KSH.HU/DOCS/HUN/HNK/HNK_2012.PDF | ARCHIVE-DATE=9 OCTOBER 2022 | TITLE=GAZETTEER OF HUNGARY, HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE, 2012, 2 October 2013, |
Demographics
(File:Budapest population pyramid.svg|thumb|Budapest population pyramid in 2022){|class=“wikitable” style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:85%;”Economy
{{Further|List of companies based in Budapest|Economy of Hungary}}{{update section|date=September 2018}}File:Eco MOL (solar powered) petrol station. - Budapest, XII. distr. Istenhegyi St., 55.JPG|thumb|right|MOL Group solar powered filling stationfilling stationFile:Richter-Gedeon-Nyrt-P5010610.jpg|thumb|right|Research and development centre of Richter Gedeon in Budapest]]File:Budapest_Szabadsag-ter_Bank_Center_0853.jpg|right|thumb|Budapest Stock Exchange at Liberty Square ]]Budapest is a significant economic hub, classified as a Beta + world city in the study by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and it is the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe as GDP per capita in the city increased by 2.4 per cent and employment by 4.7 per cent compared to the previous year in 2014.WEB,hungarytoday.hu/budapest-europes-second-fastest-developing-urban-economy-study-reveals-29576/, Budapest Europe’s Second Fastest-Developing Urban Economy, Study Reveals – The study examines the development of the world’s 300 largest urban economies, ranking them according to the pace of development., 23 January 2015, Brookings Institution, 8 March 2016, 10 October 2017,hungarytoday.hu/news/budapest-europes-second-fastest-developing-urban-economy-study-reveals-29576," title="web.archive.org/web/20171010075722hungarytoday.hu/news/budapest-europes-second-fastest-developing-urban-economy-study-reveals-29576,">web.archive.org/web/20171010075722hungarytoday.hu/news/budapest-europes-second-fastest-developing-urban-economy-study-reveals-29576, dead, On national level, Budapest is the primate city of Hungary regarding business and the economy, accounting for 39% of the national income. The city had a gross metropolitan product of more than $100 billion in 2015, making it one of the largest regional economies in the European Union.WEB,www.portfolio.hu/users/elofizetes_info.php?t=cikk&i=167708, Hungary’s GDP (IMF, 2016 est.) is $265.037 billion x 39% = $103,36 billion, Portfolio online financial journal, 10 June 2013,www.portfolio.hu/users/elofizetes_info.php?t=cikk&i=167708," title="web.archive.org/web/20140312045345www.portfolio.hu/users/elofizetes_info.php?t=cikk&i=167708,">web.archive.org/web/20140312045345www.portfolio.hu/users/elofizetes_info.php?t=cikk&i=167708, 12 March 2014, dead, According to Eurostat GDP, per capita in purchasing power parity is 147% of the EU average in Budapest, which means €37,632 ($42,770) per capita.Budapest is also among the Top 100 GDP performing cities in the world, measured by PricewaterhouseCoopers. The city was named as the 52nd most important business centre in the world in the Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index, ahead of Beijing, São Paulo and Shenzhen and ranking 3rd (out of 65 cities) on the MasterCard Emerging Markets Index.WEB,www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/newsroom/pr_new_mastercard_research_ranks_65_Cities_in_emerging_markets.html, New MasterCard Research Ranks 65 Cities in Emerging Markets Poised to Drive Long-Term global Economic Growth, MasterCard, 22 October 2008, 7 July 2009, WEB,www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf,www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf," title="ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf,">ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index, 2008, MasterCard Worldwide, 12 May 2014, The city is 48th on the UBS The most expensive and richest cities in the world list, standing before cities such as Prague, Shanghai, Kuala Lumpur and Buenos Aires.WEB,www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities2.html, World’s most expensive cities in 2012 – Ranking, City Mayors, 10 June 2013, In a global city competitiveness ranking by the EIU, Budapest stands before Tel Aviv, Lisbon, Moscow and Johannesburg among others.WEB,www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf, Benchmarking global city competitiveness, 2012, Economist Intelligence Unit, 12 May 2014,www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140709133545www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140709133545www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf, 9 July 2014, dead, The city is a major centre for banking and finance, real estate, retailing, trade, transportation, tourism, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, fashion and the arts in Hungary and regionally. Budapest is home not only to almost all national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies. In 2014 there were 395.804 companies registered in the city.WEB,www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_evkozi/e_qvd017c.html, 6.3.2.1. A regisztrált vállalkozások száma (Number of registered companies), Ksh.hu, 8 March 2016, Most of these entities are headquartered in Budapest’s Central Business District, in the District V and District XIII. The retail market of the city (and the country) is also concentrated in the downtown area, among others, in the two largest shopping centres in Central and Eastern Europe, the 186,000 sqm WestEnd City Center and the 180,000 sqm Arena Plaza.WEB, Budapest City Report 2013,www.joneslanglasalle.hu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest_City_Report_Q3_2013_Final.pdf, September 2013, Jones Lang LaSalle, 12 May 2014, dead,www.joneslanglasalle.hu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest_City_Report_Q3_2013_Final.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140419012620www.joneslanglasalle.hu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest_City_Report_Q3_2013_Final.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140419012620www.joneslanglasalle.hu/ResearchLevel1/Budapest_City_Report_Q3_2013_Final.pdf, 19 April 2014, WEB,www.plazacenters.com/index.php?p=project&id=127, Arena Plaza – Hungary, 2014, Plaza Centers, 12 May 2014, Budapest has notable innovation capabilities as a technology and start-up hub. Many start-ups are headquartered and begin their business in the city. Some of the best known examples are Prezi, LogMeIn and NNG. Budapest is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city in the Innovation Cities’ Top 100 index.WEB,www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-top-100-index-top-cities, Innovation Cities Top 100 Index ” Innovation Cities Index & Program – City data training events from 2THINKNOW for USA Canada America Europe Asia Mid-East Australia, Innovation-cities.com, 1 September 2010, 15 September 2011, A good indicator of the city’s potential for innovation and research, is that the European Institute of Innovation and Technology chose Budapest for its headquarters, along with the UN, whose Regional Representation for Central Europe office is in the city, responsible for UN operations in seven countries.WEB,www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/about-us/unhcr-in-central-europe.html, Central Europe’s regional office, 2014, United Nations, 12 May 2014, dead,www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/about-us/unhcr-in-central-europe.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130826202405www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/about-us/unhcr-in-central-europe.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130826202405www.unhcr-centraleurope.org/en/about-us/unhcr-in-central-europe.html, 26 August 2013, Moreover, the global aspect of the city’s research activity is shown through the establishment of the European Chinese Research Institute in the city.WEB,promote-cee.com/region/2011/09/18/budapest-to-be-european-headquarters-for-chinese-research-institute/, Budapest to be CEE Region Headquarters for Chinese Research Institute, 18 September 2011, Promote CEE – Investment in the CEE Region, 12 May 2014, dead,promote-cee.com/region/2011/09/18/budapest-to-be-european-headquarters-for-chinese-research-institute/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140419040141promote-cee.com/region/2011/09/18/budapest-to-be-european-headquarters-for-chinese-research-institute/,">web.archive.org/web/20140419040141promote-cee.com/region/2011/09/18/budapest-to-be-european-headquarters-for-chinese-research-institute/, 19 April 2014, Other important sectors also include, natural science research, information technology and medical research, non-profit institutions, and universities. The leading business schools and universities in Budapest, the Budapest Business School, the CEU Business School and Corvinus University of Budapest offer a whole range of courses in economics, finance and management in English, French, German and Hungarian.WEB,en.bgf.hu/news/news201108041, Bachelor, Master and PhD study programs in foreign languages, 4 August 2011, Budapest Business School, 12 May 2014, 26 October 2014,en.bgf.hu/news/news201108041," title="web.archive.org/web/20141026041159en.bgf.hu/news/news201108041,">web.archive.org/web/20141026041159en.bgf.hu/news/news201108041, dead, The unemployment rate in Budapest is by far the lowest within Hungary. It was 2.7%, with many thousands of employed foreign citizens.WEB,www.pestesely.hu/doc/Employmentsituation_ang.pdf, Budapest status of employment, Budapest Public Employment Service Non-profit Company, 12 May 2014,www.pestesely.hu/doc/Employmentsituation_ang.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140423214258www.pestesely.hu/doc/Employmentsituation_ang.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140423214258www.pestesely.hu/doc/Employmentsituation_ang.pdf, 23 April 2014, dead, Budapest is among the 25 most visited cities in the world, welcoming more than 4.4 million international visitors each year,WEB,blog.euromonitor.com/2013/01/top-100-cities-destination-ranking.html, Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking – Analyst Insight from Euromonitor International, Blog.euromonitor.com, 21 January 2013, 10 February 2016, 16 June 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180616153730/https://blog.euromonitor.com/2013/01/top-100-cities-destination-ranking.html, dead, therefore the traditional and the congress tourism industry also deserve a mention, as they contribute greatly to the city’s economy. The capital is home to many convention centres and there are thousands of restaurants, bars, coffee houses and party places, besides a full range of hotels. As regards restaurants, examples can be found of the highest quality Michelin-starred restaurants, such as Onyx, Costes, Tanti and Borkonyha. The city ranked as the most liveable city in Central and Eastern Europe on EIU’s quality of life index in 2010.Finance and corporate location
{{multiple image| perrow = 2| align = left| total_width = 320| image1 = Szabadság Square, Stock Exchange Palacve.jpg| image2 = Stock Exchange Palace by Ignác Alpár, detail, 2011 Budapešť 0799.jpgPolitics and government
File:BIMUN 2012 opening 1.jpg|thumb|right|Model United Nations conference in the assembly hall of House of Magnates ]]File:Ethnographic Museum (Néprajzi Múzeum) in Budapest, Hungary.jpg|thumb|right|Old building (from 1890) of the Hungarian Royal Curia, that operated as the highest court in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1723 and 1949. Now it houses a museum.]]File:BushSolyom2006-02.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. President George W. Bush meets with Hungarian President László Sólyom at Sándor Palace in Budapest.]]File:Sándor-palota napsütésben.jpg|thumb|left|Sándor Palace, the official residence and workspace of the president of Hungarypresident of HungaryAs the capital of Hungary, Budapest is the seat of the country’s national government. The President of Hungary resides at the Sándor Palace in the District I (Buda Castle District),WEB,www.keh.hu/about_the_institution_of_the_president_of_the_republic/1586-About_the_institution_of_the_President_of_the_Republic, About the institution of the President of Hungary, Office of the President of the Republic, 12 May 2014, while the office of the Hungarian Prime Minister is in the Carmelite Monastery in the Castle District.WEB, Sányai, Gábor, PM Moving to Buda Castle: Puritanism in a Former Monastery or Costly Restoration of the Horthy Era?,hungarytoday.hu/pm-moving-to-buda-castle-puritanism-in-a-former-monastery-or-costly-reminiscence-of-horthy-era/, Hungary Today, 7 January 2019, Magyarország Barátai AlapÃtvány, 15 December 2021, 15 December 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211215012529/https://hungarytoday.hu/pm-moving-to-buda-castle-puritanism-in-a-former-monastery-or-costly-reminiscence-of-horthy-era/, dead, Government ministries are all located in various parts of the city, most of them are in the District V, Leopoldtown. The National Assembly is seated in the Hungarian Parliament, which also located in the District V.WEB,www.parlament.hu/fotitkar/angol/general_info.htm, The Hungarian National Assembly, 2014, Office of the National Assembly, 12 May 2014, The President of the National Assembly, the third-highest public official in Hungary, is also seated in the largest building in the country, in the Hungarian Parliament.Hungary’s highest courts are located in Budapest. The Curia (supreme court of Hungary), the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the District V, Leopoldtown. Under the authority of its president it has three departments: criminal, civil and administrative-labour law departments. Each department has various chambers. The Curia guarantees the uniform application of law. The decisions of the Curia on uniform jurisdiction are binding for other courts.WEB,www.birosag.hu/en/curia-hungary, Curia of Hungary, National Office for the Judiciary, 12 May 2014, The second most important judicial authority, the National Judicial Council, is also housed in the District V, with the tasks of controlling the financial management of the judicial administration and the courts and giving an opinion on the practice of the president of the National Office for the Judiciary and the Curia deciding about the applications of judges and court leaders, among others.WEB,birosag.hu/en/njc/front-page, The National Judicial Council, 23 March 2012, National Judicial Council, 12 May 2014,www.birosag.hu/en/njc/front-page," title="web.archive.org/web/20130630062111www.birosag.hu/en/njc/front-page,">web.archive.org/web/20130630062111www.birosag.hu/en/njc/front-page, 30 June 2013, dead, The Constitutional Court of Hungary is one of the highest level actors independent of the politics in the country. The Constitutional Court serves as the main body for the protection of the Constitution, its tasks being the review of the constitutionality of statutes. The Constitutional Court performs its tasks independently. With its own budget and its judges being elected by Parliament it does not constitute a part of the ordinary judicial system. The constitutional court passes on the constitutionality of laws, and there is no right of appeal on these decisions.WEB,www.mkab.hu/constitutional-court/about-the-constitutional-court/history, Brief history of the Constitutional Court of Hungary, 2014, The Constitutional Court, 12 May 2014, dead,www.mkab.hu/constitutional-court/about-the-constitutional-court/history," title="web.archive.org/web/20140513080644www.mkab.hu/constitutional-court/about-the-constitutional-court/history,">web.archive.org/web/20140513080644www.mkab.hu/constitutional-court/about-the-constitutional-court/history, 13 May 2014, Budapest hosts the main and regional headquarters of many international organizations as well, including United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, European Police Academy, International Centre for Democratic Transition, Institute of International Education, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, International Red Cross, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Danube Commission and even others.WEB,www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true, International organizations in Hungary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 May 2014, 13 March 2016,www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true," title="web.archive.org/web/20160313115736www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true,">web.archive.org/web/20160313115736www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true, dead, The city is also home to more than 100 embassies and representative bodies as an international political actor.Environmental issues have a high priority among Budapest’s politics. Institutions such as the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe, located in Budapest, are very important assets.WEB,digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=macintl, Transition and Environment, Bedrvich Moldan, 12 May 2014, To decrease the use of cars and greenhouse gas emissions, the city has worked to improve public transportation, and nowadays the city has one of the highest mass transit usage in Europe. Budapest has one of the best public transport systems in Europe with an efficient network of buses, trolleys, trams and subway. Budapest has an above-average proportion of people commuting on public transport or walking and cycling for European cities.WEB,www.cee.siemens.com/web/hu/hu/szektorok/infrastruktura_es_varosok/Documents/budapest_kiadvany_angol_internet.pdf, A good place to live – Budapest, 8 November 2011, Siemens, Studio Metropolitana Workshop for Urban Development, 12 May 2014, dead,web.archive.org/web/20140513110843/https://www.cee.siemens.com/web/hu/hu/szektorok/infrastruktura_es_varosok/Documents/budapest_kiadvany_angol_internet.pdf, 13 May 2014, Riding on bike paths is one of the best ways to see Budapest – there are about {{convert|180|km|mi|abbr=off}} of bicycle paths in the city, fitting into the EuroVelo system.WEB,wwf.panda.org/how_you_can_help/live_green/travel/on_vacation/eco_tips/hungary/, Transport Budapest, 2014, WWF Global, 12 May 2014, Crime in Budapest is investigated by different bodies. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime notes in their 2011 Global Study on Homicide that, according to criminal justice sources, the homicide rate in Hungary, calculated based on UN population estimates, was 1.4 in 2009, compared to Canada’s rate of 1.8 that same year.WEB,www.refworld.org/docid/5035fef1d9.html, Hungary: Crime situation, including organized crime; police and state response including effectiveness – 1.1 Homicide, 10 July 2012, UNHCR-The UN Refugee Agency, 12 May 2014, The homicide rate in Budapest is below the EU capital cities’ average according to WHO also.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=SmsbwAtSfE0C&pg=PA55, Urban crime and violence: Conditions and trends (Figure 3.6), WHO, 12 May 2014, 978-1-84407-475-4, 2007, However, organised crime is associated with the city, the Institute of Defence in a UN study named Budapest as one of the “global epicentres” of illegal pornography, money laundering and contraband tobacco, and also a negotiation center for international crime group leaders.WEB,www.refworld.org/docid/5035fef1d9.html, Hungary: Crime situation, including organized crime; police and state response including effectiveness – 2. Organized Crime, 10 July 2012, UNHCR-The UN Refugee Agency, 12 May 2014,City governance
{{See also|Mayor of Budapest|Lord Mayor of Budapest|General Assembly of Budapest}}{|class=“wikitable” style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:80%;”Main sights and tourism
{{See also|List of sights and historic places in Budapest|List of tourist attractions in Budapest}}File:St Stephen’s Basilica (27184201240).jpg|thumb|St. Stephen’s BasilicaSt. Stephen’s BasilicaBudapest is widely known for its well-kept pre-war cityscape, with a great variety of streets and landmarks in classical architecture.The most well-known sight of the capital is the neo-Gothic Parliament, the biggest building in Hungary with its {{convert|268|m|ft}} length, also holding (since 2001) the Hungarian Crown Jewels.Saint Stephen’s Basilica is the most important religious building of the city, where the Holy Right Hand of Hungary’s first king, Saint Stephen is on display as well.The Hungarian cuisine and café culture can be seen and tasted in a lot of places, like Gerbeaud Café, the Százéves, Biarritz, Fortuna, Alabárdos, Arany Szarvas, Kárpátia and the world-famous Mátyás-pince restaurants and beer bars.There are Roman remains at the Aquincum Museum, and historic furniture at the Nagytétény Castle Museum, just 2 out of 223 museums in Budapest. Another historical museum is the House of Terror, hosted in the building that was the venue of the Nazi Headquarters. The Castle Hill, the River Danube embankments and the whole of Andrássy út have been officially recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Castle Hill and the Castle District; there are three churches here, six museums, and a host of interesting buildings, streets and squares. The former Royal Palace is one of the symbols of Hungary – and has been the scene of battles and wars ever since the 13th century. Nowadays it houses two museums and the National Széchenyi Library. The nearby Sándor Palace contains the offices and official residence of the President of Hungary. The seven-hundred-year-old Matthias Church is one of the jewels of Budapest, it is in neo-Gothic style, decorated with coloured shingles and elegant pinnacles. Next to it is an equestrian statue of the first king of Hungary, King Saint Stephen, and behind that is the Fisherman’s Bastion, built in 1905 by the architect Frigyes Schulek, the Fishermen’s Bastions owes its name to the namesake corporation that during the Middle Ages was responsible of the defence of this part of ramparts, from where opens out a panoramic view of the whole city. Statues of the Turul, the mythical guardian bird of Hungary, can be found in both the Castle District and the Twelfth District.In Pest, arguably the most important sight is Andrássy út. This Avenue is an elegant {{convert|2.5|km|0|abbr=off}} long tree-lined street that covers the distance from Deák Ferenc tér to the Heroes Square. This Avenue overlooks many important sites. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As far as Kodály körönd and Oktogon both sides are lined with large shops and flats built close together. Between there and Heroes’ Square the houses are detached and altogether grander. Under the whole runs continental Europe’s oldest Underground railway, most of whose stations retain their original appearance. Heroes’ Square is dominated by the Millenary Monument, with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in front. To the sides are the Museum of Fine Arts and the Kunsthalle Budapest, and behind City Park opens out, with Vajdahunyad Castle. One of the jewels of Andrássy út is the Hungarian State Opera House. Statue Park, a theme park with striking statues of the Communist era, is located just outside the main city and is accessible by public transport.The Dohány Street Synagogue is the largest synagogue in Europe, and the second largest active synagogue in the world.NEWS, Out of Darkness, New Life, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/travel/30dayout.html, 30 December 2007, 12 March 2008, Nicholas, Kulish, The synagogue is located in the Jewish district taking up several blocks in central Budapest bordered by Király utca, Wesselényi utca, Grand Boulevard and Bajcsy Zsilinszky road. It was built in moorish revival style in 1859 and has a seating capacity of 3,000. Adjacent to it is a sculpture reproducing a weeping willow tree in steel to commemorate the Hungarian victims of the Holocaust.The city is also home to the largest medicinal bath in Europe (Széchenyi Medicinal Bath) and the third largest Parliament building in the world, once the largest in the world. Other attractions are the bridges of the capital. Seven bridges provide crossings over the Danube, and from north to south are: the Ãrpád Bridge (built in 1950 at the north of Margaret Island); the Margaret Bridge (built in 1901, destroyed during the war by an explosion and then rebuilt in 1948); the Chain Bridge (built in 1849, destroyed during World War II and then rebuilt in 1949); the Elisabeth Bridge (completed in 1903 and dedicated to the murdered Queen Elisabeth, it was destroyed by the Germans during the war and replaced with a new bridge in 1964); the Liberty Bridge (opened in 1896 and rebuilt in 1989 in Art Nouveau style); the PetÅ‘fi Bridge (completed in 1937, destroyed during the war and rebuilt in 1952); the Rákóczi Bridge (completed in 1995). Most remarkable for their beauty are the Margaret Bridge, the Chain Bridge and the Liberty Bridge. The world’s largest panorama photograph was created in (and of) Budapest in 2010.WEB,www.70-billion-pixels-budapest.com/index_en.html, The largest photo on Earth – created by 360world.eu, 70 Billion Pixels Budapest, 15 September 2011,www.70-billion-pixels-budapest.com/index_en.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110909221150www.70-billion-pixels-budapest.com/index_en.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110909221150www.70-billion-pixels-budapest.com/index_en.html, 9 September 2011, dead, Tourists visiting Budapest can receive free maps and information from the nonprofit Budapest Festival and Tourism Center at its info-points.WEB,old.budapestinfo.hu/tourist-information-points.html, Tourist Information Points, Budapest Info, 4 December 2014, dead,old.budapestinfo.hu/tourist-information-points.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20141222194434old.budapestinfo.hu/tourist-information-points.html,">web.archive.org/web/20141222194434old.budapestinfo.hu/tourist-information-points.html, 22 December 2014, The info centers also offer the Budapest Card which allows free public transit and discounts for several museums, restaurants and other places of interest. Cards are available for 24-, 48- or 72-hour durations.WEB, Budapest Card,www.budapest-card.com/index.php?id=home_en, Budapest Info, 4 December 2014, dead,budapest-card.com/index.php?id=home_en," title="web.archive.org/web/20130116182238budapest-card.com/index.php?id=home_en,">web.archive.org/web/20130116182238budapest-card.com/index.php?id=home_en, 16 January 2013, The city is also well known for its ruin bars both day and night.Squares
File:Virgin Mary and Trinity group, Holy Trinity column, 2016 Budapest.jpg|thumb|The Holy Trinity column in the Holy Trinity Square, Buda Castle Hill ]]File:Batthyány Eternal Flame.jpg|thumb|The Batthyány eternal flame, located in Lipótváros commemorates the place where Lajos Batthyány first real prime minister of Hungary was executed.]]In Budapest there are many smaller and larger squares, the most significant of which are Heroes’ Square, Kossuth Square, Liberty Square, St. Stephen’s Square, Ferenc Deák Square, Vörösmarty Square, Erzsébet Square, St. George’s Square and Széchenyi István Square. The Heroes’ Square at the end of Andrássy Avenue is the largest and most influential square in the capital, with the Millennium Monument in the center, and the Museum of Fine Arts and The Hall of Art. Kossuth Square is a symbolic place of the Hungarian statehood, the Hungarian Parliament Building, the Palace of Justice and the Ministry of Agriculture. The Liberty Square is located in the Belváros-Lipótváros District (Inner City District), as one of Budapest’s most beautiful squares. There are buildings such as the Hungarian National Bank, the embassy of the United States, the Stock Exchange Palace, as well as numerous statues and monuments such as the Soviet War Memorial, the Statue of Ronald Reagan or the controversial Monument to the victims of the German occupation. In the St. Stephen’s Square is the St. Stephen’s Basilica, the square is connected by a walking street, the ZrÃnyi Street, to the Széchenyi István Square at the foot of The Chain Bridge. The Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Gresham Palace and the Ministry of Interior are also located here. Deák Ferenc Square is a central square of the capital, a major transport hub, where three Budapest subways meet. Here is the oldest and best known Evangelical Church of Budapest, the Deák Ferenc Square Lutheran Church. Vörösmarty Square is located in Belváros-Lipótváros District (Inner City District) behind the Vigadó of Pest as one of the endpoints of Váci Street. The Confectionery Gerbeaud is here, and the annual Christmas Fair is held in the Square, as well as is the centre of the Holiday Book Week.Parks and gardens
{{category see also|Parks in Budapest}}File:Mujegpalya Ice Rink.jpg|thumb|upright=1.13|The City Park Ice Rink, located in the City Park; the Vajdahunyad CastleVajdahunyad CastleBudapest has many municipal parks and most have playgrounds for children and seasonal activities like skating in the winter and boating in the summer. Access from the city center is quick and easy with the Millennium Underground. Budapest has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Budapest City Gardening Ltd.WEB, Parks,www.budapest.com/city_guide/attractions/parks.en.html, Budapest.com, 4 December 2014, The wealth of greenspace afforded by Budapest’s parks is further augmented by a network of open spaces containing forest, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie not far from the inner city, including the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden (established in 1866) in the City Park.WEB, Budapest Parks & Caves,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-parks-caves/, visitBudapest.travel, 4 December 2014,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-parks-caves/," title="web.archive.org/web/20141203041405visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-parks-caves/,">web.archive.org/web/20141203041405visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-parks-caves/, 3 December 2014, dead, The most notable and popular parks in Budapest are the City Park which was established in 1751 (302 acres) along with Andrássy Avenue,WEB, City Park,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/city-park/, visitBudapest.travel, 4 December 2014,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/city-park/," title="web.archive.org/web/20141229160213visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/city-park/,">web.archive.org/web/20141229160213visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/city-park/, 29 December 2014, dead, the Margaret Island in the Danube ({{convert|238|acres|abbr=off|disp=or}}),WEB, Margaret Island,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/margaret-island/, visitBudapest.travel, 4 December 2014,visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/margaret-island/," title="web.archive.org/web/20141202011636visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/margaret-island/,">web.archive.org/web/20141202011636visitbudapest.travel/guide/budapest-attractions/margaret-island/, 2 December 2014, dead, the People’s Park, the Római Part, and the Kopaszi Dam.WEB, Parks and Recreation in Budapest,www.funzine.hu/2013-03-parks-and-recreation-in-budapest/, Funzine, 4 December 2014, dead,www.funzine.hu/2013-03-parks-and-recreation-in-budapest/," title="web.archive.org/web/20150526195548www.funzine.hu/2013-03-parks-and-recreation-in-budapest/,">web.archive.org/web/20150526195548www.funzine.hu/2013-03-parks-and-recreation-in-budapest/, 26 May 2015, The Buda Hills also offer a variety of outdoor activities and views. A place frequented by locals is Normafa, offering activities for all seasons. With a modest ski run, it is also used by skiers and snowboarders – if there is enough snowfall in winter.Islands
File:Girl in the Margit-sziget Garden (5978988972).jpg|thumb|right|Park on Margaret IslandMargaret IslandFile:Margitsziget 2018-ban - légi fotó.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial panorama with Margaret IslandMargaret IslandFile:Budapest Széchenyi Baths R01.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|Széchenyi Thermal Bath in the City Park ]](File:Budapest Gellértbad 2.JPG|thumb|right|Gate of the Gellért Spa)A number of islands can be found on the Danube in Budapest:- Margaret Island ( {{IPA-hu|ˈmÉ’rÉ¡it.siÉ¡É›t|}}) is a {{convert|2.5|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} long island and {{convert|0.965|km2|acre}} in area. The island mostly consists of a park and is a popular recreational area for tourists and locals alike. The island lies between Margaret Bridge (south) and Ãrpád Bridge (north). Dance clubs, swimming pools, an aqua park, athletic and fitness centres, bicycle and running tracks can be found around the Island. During the day the island is occupied by people doing sports, or just resting.
- Csepel Island ( {{IPA-hu|ˈt͡ʃɛpɛlsiɡɛt|}}) is the largest island of the River Danube in Hungary. It is {{convert|48|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long; its width is {{convert|6|to|8|km|0|abbr=on}} and its area comprises {{convert|257|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. However, only the northern tip of the island is inside the city limits.
- Hajógyári Island ( {{IPA-hu|ˈhÉ’joËÉŸaËrisiÉ¡É›t|}}), also known as Óbuda Island (), is a human-made island located in the third district. This island hosts many activities such as: wake-boarding, jet-skiing during the day, and dance clubs during the night. This is the island where the famous Sziget Festival takes place, hosting hundreds of performances per year. Around 400,000 visitors attended the last festival. Many building projects are taking place to make this island into one of the biggest entertainment centres of Europe. The plan is to build apartment buildings, hotels, casinos and a marina.
- {{ill|Molnár Island|hu|Molnár-sziget}} () is an island in the channel of the Danube that separates Csepel Island from the east bank of the river.
Spas
{{wide image|Panoramic view of Budapest 2014.jpg|1300px|align-cap=left|Night panorama from Gellért Hill with the illuminated Buda Castle, Matthias Church, Danube Chain Bridge, Parliament, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, St. Stephen’s Basilica, Budapest Eye, and Vigadó Concert Hall}}One of the reasons the Romans first colonised the area immediately to the west of the River Danube and established their regional capital at Aquincum (now part of Óbuda, in northern Budapest) is so that they could use and enjoy the thermal springs. There are still ruins visible today of the enormous baths that were built during that period. The new baths that were constructed during the Turkish period (1541–1686) served both bathing and medicinal purposes, and some of these are still in use to this day.NEWS, Mini guide to Budapest’s spas,www.bbc.com/travel/story/20130415-mini-guide-to-budapest-spas, 25 December 2017, BBC, 26 April 2013, WEB, Fallon, Steve, A guide to Budapest’s thermal baths,www.lonelyplanet.com/hungary/budapest/travel-tips-and-articles/a-guide-to-budapests-thermal-baths/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2760252, Lonely Planet, 25 December 2017, Budapest gained its reputation as a city of spas in the 1920s, following the first realisation of the economic potential of the thermal waters in drawing in visitors. Indeed, in 1934 Budapest was officially ranked as a “City of Spas”. Today, the baths are mostly frequented by the older generation, as, with the exception of the “Magic Bath” and “Cinetrip” water discos, young people tend to prefer the lidos which are open in the summer.Construction of the Király Baths started in 1565, and most of the present-day building dates from the Turkish period, including most notably the fine cupola-topped pool.The Rudas Baths are centrally placed – in the narrow strip of land between Gellért Hill and the River Danube – and also an outstanding example of architecture dating from the Turkish period. The central feature is an octagonal pool over which light shines from a {{convert|10|m|ft}} diameter cupola, supported by eight pillars.The Gellért Baths and Hotel were built in 1918, although there had once been Turkish baths on the site, and in the Middle Ages a hospital. In 1927, the Baths were extended to include the wave pool, and the effervescent bath was added in 1934. The well-preserved Art Nouveau interior includes colourful mosaics, marble columns, stained glass windows and statues.The Lukács Baths are also in Buda and are also Turkish in origin, although they were only revived at the end of the 19th century. This was also when the spa and treatment centre were founded. There is still something of an atmosphere of fin-de-siècle about the place, and all around the inner courtyard there are marble tablets recalling the thanks of patrons who were cured there. Since the 1950s it has been regarded as a centre for intellectuals and artists.The Széchenyi Baths are one of the largest bathing complexes in all Europe, and the only “old” medicinal baths to be found in the Pest side of the city. The indoor medicinal baths date from 1913 and the outdoor pools from 1927. There is an atmosphere of grandeur about the whole place with the bright, largest pools resembling aspects associated with Roman baths, the smaller bath tubs reminding one of the bathing culture of the Greeks, and the saunas and diving pools borrowed from traditions emanating in northern Europe. The three outdoor pools (one of which is a fun pool) are open all year, including winter. Indoors there are over ten separate pools, and a whole host of medical treatments is also available. The Szécheny Baths are built in modern Renaissance style.{{wide image|Budapest, Bajcsy-Zsilinszki út, panoráma, 2.jpg|1300px|align-cap=left|Panorama of Budapest with Gellért Hill, Liberty Statue, Budapest Eye, Buda Castle, Matthias Church, Parliament, St. Stephen’s Basilica}}Infrastructure and transportation
Airport
File:Liszt Ferenc Repuloter 2-es terminal varocsarnok 06.JPG|thumb|right|Budapest International Airport arrivals and departures lounge between terminal 2A and 2B, named SkyCourt]]Budapest is served by Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport (BUD) (named after Franz Liszt, the notable Hungarian composer), one of the busiest airports in Central and Eastern Europe, located {{convert|16|km|mi}} east-southeast of the centre of Budapest, in the District XVIII. The airport offers international connections among all major European cities, and also to North America, Africa, Asia and the Middle East.As Hungary’s busiest airport, it handles nearly all of the country’s air passenger traffic. Budapest Liszt Ferenc handled around 250 scheduled flights daily in 2013, and an ever-rising number of charters. London, Brussels, Frankfurt, Munich, Paris, and Amsterdam are the busiest international connections respectively, while Toronto, Montreal, Dubai, Doha and Alicante are the most unusual in the region.WEB,canadianaviationnews.wordpress.com/2014/10/15/air-transat-unveils-its-new-europe-program-for-2015/, Air Transat unveils its new Europe program for 2015, 15 October 2014, 15 October 2014, dead,canadianaviationnews.wordpress.com/2014/10/15/air-transat-unveils-its-new-europe-program-for-2015/," title="web.archive.org/web/20141017125912canadianaviationnews.wordpress.com/2014/10/15/air-transat-unveils-its-new-europe-program-for-2015/,">web.archive.org/web/20141017125912canadianaviationnews.wordpress.com/2014/10/15/air-transat-unveils-its-new-europe-program-for-2015/, 17 October 2014, Today the airport serves as a base for Ryanair, Wizz Air, Budapest Aircraft Service, LOT Polish Airlines and Smartwings Hungary among others. The airport is accessible via public transportation from the city centre by the Metro line 3 and then the airport bus No. 200E.WEB,bkk.hu/apps/docs/terkep/repter.pdf,ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://bkk.hu/apps/docs/terkep/repter.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, From the Airport to the City centre by public transport, 2014, Centre for Budapest Transport, 20 May 2014, As part of a strategic development plan, €561 million have been spent on expanding and modernising the airport infrastructure until December 2012. Most of these improvements are already completed,WEB,www.bud.hu/english/business-and-partners/property, Budapest Airport Property development, 17 March 2014, Budapest Airport, 20 May 2014, dead,www.bud.hu/english/business-and-partners/property," title="web.archive.org/web/20111224221527www.bud.hu/english/business-and-partners/property,">web.archive.org/web/20111224221527www.bud.hu/english/business-and-partners/property, 24 December 2011, the postponed ones are the new cargo area and new piers for terminal 2A and 2B, but these development are on standby also, and will start immediately, when the airport traffic will reach the appropriate level.SkyCourt, the newest, state-of-the-art building between the 2A and 2B terminals with 5 levels. Passenger safety checks were moved here along with new baggage classifiers and the new Malév and SkyTeam business lounges, as well as the first MasterCard lounge in Europe.WEB,www.futuretravelexperience.com/2011/09/budapest-airport-unveils-europes-first-mastercard-lounge/, Budapest Airport unveils Europe’s first MasterCard lounge, 15 September 2011, Future Travel Experience, 20 May 2014,Public transportation
File:Budapest metro hev en.png|thumb|right|Budapest metro and rapid transit network within the city and to suburbs]]File:Metro 4, M4, Line 4 (Budapest Metro), Kálvin tér.jpg|thumb|Green Line 4, a driverless metro line with real-time PIDS system at Kálvin square, a transfer station to Blue Line 3 ]](File:17-es villamos (2211).jpg|alt=|thumb|CAF Tram on Line 17 at Széll Kálmán Square)Public transit in Budapest is provided by the Centre for Budapest Transport (BKK, Budapesti Közlekedési Központ), one of the largest transportation authorities in Europe.WEB,bkk.hu/en/main-page/bkk-in-brief/, Centre for Budapest Transport in brief, Centre for Budapest Transport, 20 May 2014, BKK operates 4 metro lines (including the historic Line 1, the oldest underground railway in continental Europe), 5 suburban railway lines, 33 tram lines, 15 trolleybus lines, 264 bus lines (including 40 night routes), 4 boat services, and BuBi, a smart bicycle sharing network. On an average weekday, BKK lines transports 3.9 million riders; in 2011, it handled a total of 1.4 billion passengers.WEB,static.bkv.hu/ftp/ftp/annual_report/annualreport2011en.pdf,ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://static.bkv.hu/ftp/ftp/annual_report/annualreport2011en.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, Annual Report 2011, February 2012, BKV Zrt., 20 May 2014, In 2014, the 65% of the passenger traffic in Budapest was by public transport and 35% by car. The aim is 80%–20% by 2030 in accordance with the strategy of BKK.WEB, Melinda Ãbel, Szilvia Andrássy, Virág Bencze-Kovács, Balázs Mór Plan – Budapest Mobility Plan,www.sump-challenges.eu/sites/www.sump-challenges.eu/files/bmt2016_eng_v3.pdf,www.sump-challenges.eu/sites/www.sump-challenges.eu/files/bmt2016_eng_v3.pdf," title="ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.sump-challenges.eu/sites/www.sump-challenges.eu/files/bmt2016_eng_v3.pdf,">ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009www.sump-challenges.eu/sites/www.sump-challenges.eu/files/bmt2016_eng_v3.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, 26, Centre for Budapest Transport, 2, Citizens of the European Union, the European Economic Area and Switzerland who are at least 65 years old can use the public transport for free.Local transport discounts bkk.huThe development of complex intelligent transportation system in the city is advancing; the application of smart traffic lights is widespread, they are GPS and computer controlled and give priority to the GPS connected public transport vehicles automatically, as well as the traffic is measured and analyzed on the roads and car drivers informed about the expected travel time and traffic by intelligent displays (EasyWay project).WEB,bkk.hu/fejleszteseink/easyway-projekt/, Easyway project – Digital information, 23 September 2014, BKK Zrt., 24 October 2014, Public transport users are immediately notified of any changes in public transport online, on smartphones and on PIDS displays, as well car drivers can keep track of changes in traffic and road management in real-time online and on smartphones through the BKK Info.WEB,bkk.hu/bkk_info/, BKK Info online (public transport), 28 October 2014, BKK Zrt., 28 October 2014, WEB,kozut.bkkinfo.hu/, BKK Info online (roads and road transport), 28 October 2014, BKK Zrt., 28 October 2014, As well all vehicles can be followed online and on smartphones in real-time throughout the city with the Futár PIDS system,WEB,futar.bkk.hu/, BKK Futár PIDS system online, 28 October 2014, BKK Zrt., 28 October 2014, while the continuous introducing of integrated e-ticket system will help the measurement of passenger numbers on each line and the intelligent control of service frequency.The development of Futár, the citywide real-time passenger information system and real-time route planner is finished already and now all of the public transport vehicle is connected via satellite system. The real-time information of trams, buses and trolleybuses are available for both the operators in the control room and for all the passengers in all stops on smartphone and on city street displays.WEB,bkk.hu/en/2014/09/bkk-has-launched-its-futar-trip-planner-app-for-web-smartphones-and-tablets/, BKK has launched its FUTÃR Journey Planner app for web, smartphones and tablets, 23 September 2014, BKK Zrt., 24 October 2014, The implementation of latest generation automated fare collection and e-ticket system with NFC compatibility and reusable contactless smart cards for making electronic payments in online and offline systems in Budapest is started in 2014, the project is implemented and operated by the operator of Hong Kong Octopus card jointly with one of the leading European companies of e-ticket and automated fare collection, Scheidt & Bachmann.WEB,bkk.hu/en/2014/10/budapest-signed-the-contract-agreement-for-the-automated-fare-collection-system/, Budapest signed the Contract Agreement for the Automated Fare Collection system, 8 October 2014, BKK Zrt., 24 October 2014, The deployment of 300 new digital contactless ticket vending machine will be finished by the end of 2014 in harmonization with the e-ticket system.WEB,bkk.hu/en/2014/07/purchase-your-ticket-easier/, Purchase your ticket easier, 17 July 2014, BKK Zrt., 24 October 2014, In 2022, Futár was rebranded as BudapestGo.WEB, Balázs, Ambrus, 2022-02-07, Jön az integrált utazási app, a Budapest GO,index.hu/belfold/2022/02/07/jon-az-integralt-utazasi-app-a-budapest-go/, 2024-02-11, index.hu, hu, (File:5-ös busz (MYK-372).jpg|alt=|thumb|A Volvo 7900A Hybrid in Budapest on Line 5 operated by BKK)Tram lines no. 4 and 6 are the busiest city tram lines in the world,WEB,www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/putting-the-worlds-longest-trams-into-service-in-budapest.html, Putting the world’s longest trams into service in Budapest, 1 April 2006, Railwaygazette.com, 20 May 2014, 16 December 2013,www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/putting-the-worlds-longest-trams-into-service-in-budapest.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131216093858www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/putting-the-worlds-longest-trams-into-service-in-budapest.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131216093858www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/putting-the-worlds-longest-trams-into-service-in-budapest.html, dead, with one of the world’s longest trams (54-metre long Siemens Combino) running at 2–3-minute intervals at peak time and 4–5 minutes off-peak. Day services are usually from 4{{nbsp}}am until between 11{{nbsp}}pm and 0:30{{nbsp}}am. Hungarian State Railways operates an extensive network of commuter rail services, their importance in the suburban commuter passenger traffic is significant, but in travel within the city is limited.The organiser of public transport in Budapest is the municipal corporation Centre for Budapest Transport (Budapesti Közlekedési Központ – BKK), that is responsible for planning and organising network and services, planning and developing tariff concepts, attending to public service procurer duties, managing public service contracts, operating controlling and monitoring systems, setting and monitoring service level agreements related to public transport, attending to customer service duties, selling and monitoring tickets and passes, attending to integrated passenger information duties, unified Budapest-centric traffic control within public transport, attending to duties related to river navigation, plus the management of Budapest roads, operating taxi stations, unified control of bicycle traffic development in the capital, preparing parking strategy and developing an operational concept, preparation of road traffic management, developing an optimal traffic management system, organising and co-ordinating road reconstruction and more, in short, everything which is related to transport in the city.WEB,bkk.hu/en/main-page/tasks-responsibilities/, Tasks & Responsibilities, Centre for Budapest Transport, 20 May 2014,Roads and railways
File:Nyugati pályaudvar, Budapest.jpg|thumb|left|Western railway station ]]File:Civertanmegyeri5.jpg|thumb|right|Megyeri Bridge on M0 highway ring road around Budapest]]File:Budapest-Keleti Pályaudvar - panoramio.jpg|alt=|thumb|Keleti Railway Station (Budapest East Central)]]Budapest is the most important Hungarian road terminus, all of the major highways and railways end within the city limits. The road system in the city is designed in a similar manner to that of Paris, with several ring roads, and avenues radiating out from the center. Ring road M0 around Budapest is nearly completed, with only one section missing on the west side due to local disputes. The ring road is {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=off}} in length, and once finished it will be {{convert|107|km|0|abbr=out}} of highway in length.The city is a vital traffic hub because all major European roads and European railway lines lead to Budapest. The Danube was and is still today an important water-way and this region in the centre of the Carpathian Basin lies at the cross-roads of trade routes.Hungarian main line railways are operated by Hungarian State Railways. There are three main railway station in Budapest, Keleti (Eastern), Nyugati (Western) and Déli (Southern), operating both domestic and international rail services. Budapest is one of the main stops of the on its Central and Eastern European route.WEB, Venice Simplon-Orient-Express Destinations,www.belmond.com/venice-simplon-orient-express/search_results?station=Budapest, 23 September 2014, There is also a suburban rail service in and around Budapest, three lines of which are operated under the name HÉV.Ports, shipping and others
The river Danube flows through Budapest on its way from (Germany) to the Black Sea. The river is easily navigable and so Budapest historically has a major commercial port at Csepel District and at New Pest District also. The Pest side is also a famous port place with international shipping ports for cargoWEB,www.danubeports.info/index.php?id=1287, Budapest Freeport, 6 May 2011, danubeports.info, 20 May 2014, dead,www.danubeports.info/index.php?id=1287," title="web.archive.org/web/20140521033101www.danubeports.info/index.php?id=1287,">web.archive.org/web/20140521033101www.danubeports.info/index.php?id=1287, 21 May 2014, and for passenger ships.WEB,www.cruise-profi.com/228/hungary/budapest--hungary-/1.html, Budapest cruise terminal, 2014, cruise-profi.com, 20 May 2014, In the summer months, a scheduled hydrofoil service operates on the Danube connecting the city to Vienna.BKK (through the operator BKV) also provides public transport with boat service within the borders of the city. Two routes, marked D11 and D12, connect the two banks with Margaret Island and Óbuda Island, from RómaifürdÅ‘ (Buda side, north to Óbuda Island) or Ãrpád Bridge (Pest side) to Rákóczi Bridge, with a total of 18 stops, while route D2 circulates in the downtown.WEB,bkk.hu/en/boats/, Information on public transport boats, BKK Budapesti Közlekedési Központ, 30 April 2020, Line D14 is a ferry service, connecting KirályerdÅ‘ on the Csepel Island with Molnár Island on the Pest side, south to the city centre. In addition, several companies provides sightseeing boat trips and also an amphibious vehicle (bus and boat) operates constantly.Water quality in Budapest harbours improved dramatically in the recent years, treatment facilities processed 100% of generated sewage in 2010. Budapesters regularly kayak, canoe, jet-ski and sail on the Danube, which has continuously become a major recreational site for the city.Special vehicles in Budapest, besides metros, include suburban rails, trams and boats. There are a couple of less common vehicles in Budapest, like the trolleybus on several lines in Pest, the Castle Hill Funicular between the Chain Bridge and Buda Castle, the cyclecar for rent in Margaret Island, the chairlift, the Budapest Cog-wheel Railway and children’s railway. The latter three vehicles run among Buda hills.Culture and contemporary life
File:Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Hungarian Academy of Sciences seat in Budapest, founded in 1825 by Count István Széchenyi ]]The culture of Budapest is reflected by Budapest’s size and variety. Most Hungarian cultural movements first emerged in the city. Budapest is an important center for music, film, theatre, dance and visual art. Artists have been drawn into the city by opportunity, as the city government funds the arts with adequate financial resources.Budapest is the headquarters of the Hungarian LGBT community[Citation needed].Budapest was named “City of Design” in December 2015 and has been a member of UNESCO Creative Cities Network since then.NEWS,www.hipo.gov.hu/en/news/mft/budapest-was-chosen-as-one-of-the-most-creative-cities-of-the-world-by-unesco-20-december, Budapest was chosen as one of the most creative cities of the world by UNESCO (20 December 2015), 15 January 2016, Hungarian Intellectual Property Office, 3 October 2018,Museums and galleries
{{multiple image| align = right| perrow = 2| total_width = 380| image1 = Budapest Fine Arts Museum bldg.jpg| width1 = 5600| height1 = 3675| image2 = Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest).jpg| width2 = 1280| height2 = 849| image3 = Földtani intézet - Budapest.jpg| width3 = 4592| height3 = 3056| image4 = AquincM4.jpg| width4 = 3500| height4 = 2333Libraries
A lot of libraries have unique collections in Budapest, such as the National Széchényi Library, which keeps historical relics from the age before the printing of books. The Metropolitan Szabó Ervin Library plays an important role in the general education of the capital’s population. Other libraries: The Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös University Library, the Parliamentary Library, Library of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and the National Library of Foreign Literature.Opera and theatres
File:Òpera de Budapest.jpg|thumb|right|Hungarian State Opera HouseHungarian State Opera HouseIn Budapest there are forty theatres, seven concert halls and an opera house.WEB, Theaters&Concert Halls,www.budapest.com/city_guide/culture/theaters_concert_halls.en.html, budapest.com, 2014, 23 May 2014, Outdoor festivals, concerts and lectures enrich the cultural offer of summer, which are often held in historical buildings. The largest theatre facilities are the Budapest Operetta and Musical Theatre, the József Attila Theatre, the Katona József Theatre, the Madách Theatre, the Hungarian State Opera House, the National Theatre, the Vigadó Concert Hall, Radnóti Miklós Theatre, the Comedy Theatre and the Palace of Arts, known as MUPA. The Budapest Opera Ball is an annual Hungarian society event taking place in the building of the Budapest Opera (Operaház) on the last Saturday of the carnival season, usually late February.WEB,www.operabal.com/eng/operabal_tortenete.html, Short History of the Budapest Opera Ball, operabal.com, February 2010, 23 May 2014, dead,www.operabal.com/eng/operabal_tortenete.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131106193421www.operabal.com/eng/operabal_tortenete.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131106193421www.operabal.com/eng/operabal_tortenete.html, 6 November 2013,Casinos
There are 11 casinos in Hungary (11 is the maximum number of casinos allowed by law), and five of them are located in the capital. All five of these casinos were owned by LVC Diamond Játékkaszinó Üzemeltető Kft, the gambling company of late András Vajna (better known as Andy Vajna) until his death in 2017. The biggest casino in Budapest and in all of Hungary is the Las Vegas Casino at the Corvin promenade.WEB,simonsblogpark.com/onlinegambling/simons-guide-to-hungary-casinos-and-online-casinos/, Hungary Casinos and Online Casinos, 12 March 2021, 12 March 2021,Performing arts and festivals
{{Further|Music of Budapest}}File:Sziget Magyar Dal.jpg|thumb|left|Sziget FestivalSziget FestivalSeveral annual festivals take place in Budapest. The Sziget Festival is one of the largest outdoor music festival in Europe. The Budapest Spring Festival includes concerts at several venues across the city. The Café Budapest Contemporary Arts Festival (formerly the Budapest Autumn Festival) brings free music, dance, art, and other cultural events to the streets of the city. The Budapest Wine Festival and Budapest Pálinka Festival, occurring each May, are gastronomy festivals focusing on culinary pleasures. The Budapest Pride (or Budapest Pride Film and Cultural Festival) occurs annually across the city, and usually involves a parade on the Andrássy Avenue. Other festivals include the Budapest Fringe Festival, which brings more than 500 artists in about 50 shows to produce a wide range of works in alternative theatre, dance, music and comedy outside the mainstream. The LOW Festival is a multidisciplinary contemporary cultural festival held in Hungary in the cities Budapest and Pécs from February until March; the name of the festival alludes to the Low Countries, the region encompassing the Netherlands and Flanders. The Budapest Jewish Summer Festival, in late August, is one of the largest in Europe.File:Fireworks in St. Stephen’s Day.png|thumb|right|Festive fireworks of the foundation of the Hungarian state on 20 August]]There are many symphony orchestras in Budapest, with the Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra being the preeminent one. It was founded in 1853 by Ferenc Erkel and still presents regular concerts in the Hungarian State Opera House and National Theatre. Budapest also has one of the more active jazz scenes in Central Europe.NEWS,foursquare.com/top-places/budapest/best-places-jazz-music, The 15 Best Places for Jazz Music in Budapest, Foursquare, 12 July 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180712055003/https://foursquare.com/top-places/budapest/best-places-jazz-music, 12 July 2018, dead, The dance tradition of the Carpathian Basin is a unique area of the European dance culture, which is also a special transition between the Balkans and Western Europe regions. The city is home to several authentic Hungarian folk dance ensembles which range from small ensembles to professional troupes. Budapest is one of the few cities in the world with a high school for learning folk dance.Fashion
Budapest is home to a fashion week twice a year, where the city’s fashion designers and houses present their collections and provide a meeting place for the fashion industry representatives. Budapest Fashion Week additionally a place for designers from other countries may present their collections in Budapest. Hungarian models, like Barbara Palvin, EnikÅ‘ Mihalik, Diána Mészáros, Viktória Vámosi usually appearing at these events along international participants. Fashion brands like Zara, H&M, Mango, ESPRIT, Douglas AG, Lacoste, Nike and other retail fashion brands are common across the city’s shopping malls and on the streets.WEB, Shopping in Budapest,visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/, visitbudapest.travel, 6 July 2017,visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/," title="web.archive.org/web/20170702000057visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/,">web.archive.org/web/20170702000057visitbudapest.travel/activities/shopping-in-budapest/, 2 July 2017, dead, Major luxury fashion brands such as Roberto Cavalli, Dolce & Gabbana, Gucci, Versace, Ferragamo, Moschino, Prada and Hugo Boss, can be found among the city’s most prestigious shopping streets, the Fashion Street, Váci Street and Andrássy Avenue in Budapest’s main upscale fashion district, the Leopoldtown.Media
Budapest is a prominent location for the Hungarian entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media set there. Budapest is the largest centre for film and television production in Hungary. In 2011, it employed more than 50,000 people and generated 63.9% of revenues of the media industry in the country.WEB,urbani-izziv.uirs.si/Portals/uizziv/papers/urbani-izziv-en-2010-21-02-006.pdf,urbani-izziv.uirs.si/Portals/uizziv/papers/urbani-izziv-en-2010-21-02-006.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20171202052410urbani-izziv.uirs.si/Portals/uizziv/papers/urbani-izziv-en-2010-21-02-006.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20171202052410urbani-izziv.uirs.si/Portals/uizziv/papers/urbani-izziv-en-2010-21-02-006.pdf, dead, 2 December 2017, Budapest: A great place for creative industry development?, Urbani izziv, February 2010, 26 May 2018, Budapest is the media centre of Hungary, and the location of the main headquarters of Hungarian Television and other local and national TV and radio stations, such as M1, M2, Duna TV, Duna World, RTL Klub, TV2 (Hungary), Euronews, Comedy Central, MTV Hungary, VIVA Hungary, Viasat 3, Cool TV, and Pro4, and politics and news channels such as HÃr TV, ATV, and Echo TV. Documentary channels include Discovery Channel, Discovery Science, Discovery World, National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo Wild, Spektrum TV, and BBC Entertainment. This is less than a quarter of the channels broadcast from Budapest; for the whole picture see Television in Hungary.In 2012, in Hungary there were 7.2 million internet users (72% of the population)Calculated using penetration rate and population data from “Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012” {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php |date=29 March 2017 }}, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 26 June 2013 and 2.3 million subscriptions for mobile broadband.“Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012” {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125025www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx |date=8 March 2021 }}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 29 June 2013.Cuisine
{{Further|Hungarian cuisine}}In the modern age, Budapest developed its own peculiar cuisine, based on products of the nearby region, such as lamb, pork and vegetables special to the region. Modern Hungarian cuisine is a synthesis of ancient Asiatic components mixed with French, Germanic, Italian, and Slavic elements. The food of Hungary can be considered a melting pot of the continent, with a culinary base formed from its own, original Magyar cuisine. Considerable numbers of Saxons, Armenians, Italians, Jews and Serbs settled in the Hungarian basin and in Transylvania, also contributing with different new dishes. Elements of ancient Turkish cuisine were adopted during the Ottoman era, in the form of sweets (for example different nougats, like white nougat called törökméz), quince (birsalma), Turkish delight, Turkish coffee or rice dishes like pilaf, meat and vegetable dishes like the eggplant, used in eggplant salads and appetizers, stuffed peppers and stuffed cabbage called töltött káposzta. Hungarian cuisine was influenced by Austrian cuisine under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, dishes and methods of food preparation have often been borrowed from Austrian cuisine, and vice versa.WEB,www.foodbycountry.com/Germany-to-Japan/Hungary.html, Food in Hungary, foodbycountry.com, 23 May 2014, Budapest restaurants reflect diversity, with menus carrying traditional regional cuisine, fusions of various culinary influences, or innovating in the leading edge of new techniques. Budapest’ food shops also have a solid reputation for supplying quality specialised culinary products and supplies, reputations that are often built up over generations. These include many shops, such as Café Gerbeaud, one of the greatest and most traditional coffeehouses in Europe, or the Gundel restaurant and gastro shop in the City Park.Foodies can also find the highest quality foods served in several Michelin-starred restaurants, like Onyx, Costes, Borkonyha or Tanti.In fiction
The 1906 novel The Paul Street Boys, the 1937 novel Journey by Moonlight, the 1957 book The Bridge at Andau, the 1975 novel Fateless, the 1977 novel The End of a Family Story, the 1986 book Between the Woods and the Water, the 1992 novel Under the Frog, the 1987 novel The Door, the 2002 novel Prague, the 2003 book Budapeste, the 2004 novel Ballad of the Whisky Robber, the 2005 novels Parallel Stories and The Historian, the 2012 novel Budapest Noir are set, amongst others, partly or entirely in Budapest. Some of the better known feature films set in Budapest are Kontroll, The District!, Gloomy Sunday, Sunshine, An American Rhapsody, As You Desire Me, The Good Fairy, Hanna’s War, The Journey, Ladies in Love, Music Box, The Shop Around the Corner, Zoo in Budapest, Underworld, (Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol) and Spy. The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) is a Wes Anderson film. It was filmed in Germany, and set in the fictional Republic of Zubrowka, which is in the alpine mountains of Hungary.Sports
{{See also|Category:Sport in Budapest|Football in Hungary}}File:Puskás Aréna 02.jpg|right|thumb|Puskás Aréna National Stadium and László Papp Arena ]]File:Hamilton Hungary 2015 Qual.jpg|right|thumb|Hungarian Grand Prix on the HungaroringHungaroringBudapest hosted many global sporting events in the past, among others the 1994 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, 1997 World Amateur Boxing Championships, 2000 World Fencing Championships, 2001 World Allround Speed Skating Championships, Bandy World Championship 2004, 2008 World Interuniversity Games, 2008 World Modern Pentathlon Championships, 2010 ITU World Championship Series, 2011 IIHF World Championship, 2012 European Speed Skating Championships, 2013 World Fencing Championships, 2013 World Wrestling Championships, 2014 World Masters Athletics Championships, 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2017 World Judo Championships, only in the last two-decade. Besides these, Budapest was the home of many European-level tournaments, like 2006 European Aquatics Championships, 2010 European Aquatics Championships, 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship, 2013 European Judo Championships, 2013 European Karate Championships and will be the host of 2023 World Championships in Athletics and 4 matches in the UEFA Euro 2020, which was held in the 67,215-seat new multi-purpose Puskás Ferenc Stadium, to mention a few.In 2015, the Assembly of the Hungarian Olympic Committee and the Assembly of Budapest decided to bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Budapest has lost several bids to host the games, in 1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, and 1960 to Berlin, Antwerp, London, and Rome, respectively.WEB,www.mob.hu/budapest-2024/a-mob-kozgyulese-tamogatja-a-budapesti-olimpiapalyazat-szandeknyilatkozatanak-benyujtasat, A MOB közgyűlése támogatja a budapesti olympic, 23 June 2015, 10 June 2015, Hungarian Olympic Committee (MOB), hu, 4 July 2015,www.mob.hu/budapest-2024/a-mob-kozgyulese-tamogatja-a-budapesti-olimpiapalyazat-szandeknyilatkozatanak-benyujtasat," title="web.archive.org/web/20150704054018www.mob.hu/budapest-2024/a-mob-kozgyulese-tamogatja-a-budapesti-olimpiapalyazat-szandeknyilatkozatanak-benyujtasat,">web.archive.org/web/20150704054018www.mob.hu/budapest-2024/a-mob-kozgyulese-tamogatja-a-budapesti-olimpiapalyazat-szandeknyilatkozatanak-benyujtasat, dead, WEB,index.hu/belfold/budapest/2015/06/23/kell-e_olimpia_-_most_dont_a_fovaros/, A Olympics, 23 June 2015, Tenczer Gábor, 23 June 2015, Index.hu, Index, hu, The Hungarian Parliament also voted to support the bid on 28 January 2016, later Budapest City Council approved list of venues and Budapest became an official candidate for the 2024 Summer Olympic Games. However, they withdrew their bid later on.Numerous Olympic, World, and European Championship winners and medalists reside in the city, which follows from Hungary’s 8th place among all the nations of the world in the All-time Olympic Games medal table.File:Danube Arena in 2017 FINA Budapest.jpg|thumb|left|The Danube ArenaDanube ArenaFile:National Athletics Centre (Budapest, HUN) 2023.jpg|thumb|left|The National Athletics Centre ]]Hungarians have always been avid sports people: during the history of the Summer Olympic Games, Hungarians have brought home 476 medals, of which 167 are gold. The top events in which Hungarians have excelled are fencing, swimming, water polo, canoeing, wrestling and track & field sports. Beside classic sports, recreational modern sports such as bowling, pool billiard, darts, go-carting, wakeboarding and squash are very popular in Budapest, and extreme sports are also gaining ground. Furthermore, the Budapest Marathon and Budapest Half Marathon also attract many people every year. The city’s largest football stadium is named after Ferenc Puskás, recognised as the top scorer of the 20th century and for whom FIFA Puskás Award was named.PRESS RELEASE,www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid=1120531.html, FIFA introduces new FIFA Puskás Award to honour the “goal of the year”, FIFA, 15 September 2011, dead,www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid%3D1120531.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110829175421www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid%3D1120531.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110829175421www.fifa.com/classicfootball/releases/newsid%3D1120531.html, 29 August 2011, One of Budapest’s most popular sport is football and it has many Hungarian League football club, including in the top level Nemzeti Bajnokság I league, like Ferencvárosi TC (32 Hungarian League titles), MTK Budapest FC (23 titles), Újpest FC (20 titles), Budapest Honvéd FC (14 titles), Vasas SC (6 titles), Csepel SC (4 titles), Budapesti TC (2 titles).The Hungarian Grand Prix in Formula One has been held at the Hungaroring just outside the city, a circuit which has FIA Grade 1 license.WEB,www.fia.com/sites/default/files/tableaulicencescircuit.pdf,ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/tableaulicencescircuit.pdf, 9 October 2022, live, List of FIA Licensed Circuits, 6 February 2015, Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile, 28 May 2015, Since 1986, the race has been a round of the FIA Formula One World Championship. At the 2013 Hungarian Grand Prix, it was confirmed that Hungary will continue to host a Formula 1 race until 2021.WEB, Hungarian Grand Prix deal extended until 2021, GP Today,www.gptoday.com/full_story/view/459716/Hungarian_Grand_Prix_deal_extended_until_2021/, 6 January 2015, The track was completely resurfaced for the first time in early 2016, and it was announced the Grand Prix’s deal was extended for a further five years, until 2026.WEB, Aszfaltavató a Hungaroringen, hu,hungaroring.hu/hu/hirek/aszfaltavato-a-hungaroringen, Hungaroring, “A Magyar NagydÃj szerzÅ‘dését újabb öt évvel meghosszabbÃtottuk, ami azt jelenti, hogy a futamunknak 2026-ig helye van a Formula–1-es versenynaptárban.” Translates as “We have extended the Hungarian Grand Prix’s contract for a further 5 years, which means that our race has a place on the F1 calendar until 2026.”, 14 April 2016, 15 April 2016, Budapest is home to two four-star UEFA stadiums: Puskás Aréna, Groupama Aréna, and two three-star UEFA stadiums: Hidegkuti Nándor Stadion and Bozsik Aréna.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}Education
{{See also|Education in Hungary}}Budapest is home to over 35 higher education institutions, many of which are universities. Under the Bologna Process, many offered qualifications are recognised in countries across Europe. Medicine, dentistry, pharmaceuticals, veterinary programs, and engineering are among the most popular fields for foreigners to undertake in Budapest. Most universities in Budapest offer courses in English, as well as in other languages like German, French, and Dutch, aimed specifically at foreigners. Many students from other European countries spend one or two semesters in Budapest through the Erasmus Programme.WEB,roommatesbudapest.com/blog/study-in-hungary/, Study in Hungary – a guide for international students in Budapest, Blog for expats & International students in Budapest, Hungary, 2016, 15 March 2018, dead,roommatesbudapest.com/blog/study-in-hungary/," title="web.archive.org/web/20151002211133roommatesbudapest.com/blog/study-in-hungary/,">web.archive.org/web/20151002211133roommatesbudapest.com/blog/study-in-hungary/, 2 October 2015, File:Budapest, Műszaki Egyetem.jpg|thumb|right|Main Building of the Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsFile:ElteFotoThalerTamas1.jpg|thumb|right|Eötvös Loránd UniversityEötvös Loránd UniversityFile:Liszt Ferenc Zeneművészeti Egyetem 2013-ban felújÃtott homlokzata.JPG|thumb|right|Main Building of the Liszt Ferenc Academy of MusicLiszt Ferenc Academy of Music{|class=“wikitable sortable” style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:center; font-size:90%;”Notable people
International relations
Budapest has quite a few sister cities and many partner cities around the world.WEB,budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx, Budapest – Testvérvárosok, 14 August 2013, Budapest FÅ‘város Önkormányzatának hivatalos oldala [Official site of the Municipality of Budapest], hu, Budapest – Twin Cities,budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20130809185135budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20130809185135budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx, 9 August 2013, dead, Like Budapest, many of them are the most influential and largest cities of their country and region, most of them are the primate city and political, economical, cultural capital of their country. The Mayor of Budapest says the aim of improving sister city relationships is to allow and encourage a mutual exchange of information and experiences, as well as co-operation, in the areas of city management, education, culture, tourism, media and communication, trade and business development.WEB,www.kultura.hu/budapest-to-sign-sister, Budapest to Sign Sister City Agreement with Beijing, 25 April 2014, dead,web.archive.org/web/20140427033819/https://www.kultura.hu/budapest-to-sign-sister, 27 April 2014, {{clarify|reason=Need to explain the difference between ‘sister cities’ and ‘partner cities’ in the case of Budapest. The article sister city implies they are the same thing in the general case.|date=August 2021}}Historic sister cities {|class“wikitable”
- New York (United States) 1992WEB, NYC’s Sister Cities, Sister City Program of the City of New York, 2006,www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml, 1 September 2008,www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20110429214814www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20110429214814www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml, 29 April 2011, dead, WEB,www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml, NYC’s Partner Cities, The City of New York, 16 December 2012, dead,www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20130814165415www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20130814165415www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml, 14 August 2013, WEB, Sister City – Budapest, Official website of New York City,www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/budapest_main.shtml, 14 May 2008,www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/budapest_main.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20110525001751www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/budapest_main.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20110525001751www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/budapest_main.shtml, 25 May 2011, dead,
- Fort Worth (United States) 1990WEB,www.fwsistercities.org/city/budapest-hungary/, Budapest, Hungary, fwsistercities.org, 12 March 2016,
- Shanghai (China) 2013WEB,www.origo.hu/itthon/20130828-sanghaj-is-budapest-testvervarosa-lett.html, Sanghaj is Budapest testvérvárosa let, 28 August 2013, Origo.hu, 29 August 2013,
- Beijing (China) 2005WEB,www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/, Sister Cities, Beijing Municipal Government, 23 June 2009, 16 February 2010,www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/," title="web.archive.org/web/20100216015454www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/,">web.archive.org/web/20100216015454www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/, dead,
- Tehran (Iran) 2015WEB,hungarytoday.hu/budapest-council-approves-twin-city-aggrement-teheran-52213/, Budapest To Sign Twin-City Agreement With Tehran, Hungary Today, 30 April 2015, 12 March 2016, 27 May 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180527201646/https://hungarytoday.hu/budapest-council-approves-twin-city-aggrement-teheran-52213/, dead,
- Berlin (Germany) 1992WEB,www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html, Berlin – City Partnerships, 17 September 2013, Der Regierende Bürgermeister Berlin,www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130521054019www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130521054019www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html, 21 May 2013, dead, WEB,www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html, Berlin’s international city relations, Berlin Mayor’s Office, 1 July 2009,www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080822100321www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080822100321www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/index.en.html, 22 August 2008, dead,
- Frankfurt am Main (Germany) 1990WEB,www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=317589&_ffmpar%5B_id_inhalt%5D=54766, Frankfurt am Main: Budapest, Frankfurt.de, 27 July 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180527120650/https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=317589&_ffmpar%5b_id_inhalt%5d=54766, 27 May 2018, dead,
- Vienna (Austria) 1990WEB,www.goworldtravel.com/travel-sister-cities-budapest-prague-and-vienna/, These World Cities Are Filled With History, 21 November 2013, Goworldtravel.com,
- Lisbon (Portugal) 1992WEB,www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100, Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas, 23 August 2013, Associação Nacional de MunicÃpios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities], pt, Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns, 21 March 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190321173037/https://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100, dead, WEB,www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais, Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa, 23 August 2013, Camara Municipal de Lisboa, pt, Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship, dead,www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais," title="web.archive.org/web/20131031202617www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais,">web.archive.org/web/20131031202617www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais, 31 October 2013,
- Tel Aviv (Israel) 1989WEB,www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp, Tel Aviv sister cities, 1 July 2009, Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, he, dead,www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20090214183503www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20090214183503www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Hebrew/Cityhall/TwinCities/Index.asp, 14 February 2009,
- Zagreb (Croatia) 1994WEB,www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html, Intercity and International Cooperation of the City of Zagre b, 2006–2009 City of Zagreb, 23 June 2009, 7 July 2017,www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20170707200910www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20170707200910www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html, dead,
- Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 1995WEB,www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147, Sarajevo Official Web Site : Fraternity cities, daenet d.o.o., sarajevo.ba, 12 March 2016, 1 December 2008,www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147," title="web.archive.org/web/20081201150030www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147,">web.archive.org/web/20081201150030www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147, dead,
- Florence (Italy) 2008WEB,en.comune.fi.it/International_Florence/Twinned_Cities.html, City Partnerships and Projects of cooperation, 25 April 2014, dead,en.comune.fi.it/International_Florence/Twinned_Cities.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140427011723en.comune.fi.it/International_Florence/Twinned_Cities.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140427011723en.comune.fi.it/International_Florence/Twinned_Cities.html, 27 April 2014,
Partnerships around the world {|class“wikitable”
- Prague (Czech Republic) 2010WEB,zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html, Partnerská mÄ›sta HMP, 5 August 2013, 18 July 2013, Portál “ZahraniÄnà vztahy” [Portal “Foreign Affairs”], cs, Prague – Twin Cities HMP,zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130625205859zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130625205859zahranicnivztahy.praha.eu/jnp/cz/partnerska_mesta/index.html, 25 June 2013, dead,
- Rotterdam (Netherlands) 1991WEB,www.rotterdam.nl/BSD/Document/collegedocumenten/PIEA-Ev3s.pdf, Programme for International and European Activities 2009-2010, 25 April 2014, dead,www.rotterdam.nl/BSD/Document/collegedocumenten/PIEA-Ev3s.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20150924092206www.rotterdam.nl/BSD/Document/collegedocumenten/PIEA-Ev3s.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20150924092206www.rotterdam.nl/BSD/Document/collegedocumenten/PIEA-Ev3s.pdf, 24 September 2015,
- Warsaw (Poland) 2005WEB,www.city-data.com/forum/city-vs-city/1176495-cities-sister-cities-how-many.html, Cities: Sister Cities (How many?) (rates, places, America, Los Angeles) – City vs. City – City-Data Forum, city-data.com, 12 March 2016,
- Kraków (Poland) 2005WEB,www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/2531,kat,0,5,miasta_partnerskie.html, Kraków – Miasta Partnerskie, 10 August 2013, Miejska Platforma Internetowa Magiczny Kraków, pl, Kraków -Partnership Cities,www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/2531%2Ckat%2C0%2C5%2Cmiasta_partnerskie.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130702010825www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/2531%2Ckat%2C0%2C5%2Cmiasta_partnerskie.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130702010825www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/2531%2Ckat%2C0%2C5%2Cmiasta_partnerskie.html, 2 July 2013, dead,
- Bangkok (Thailand) 2007Sister Cities Week in Bangkok{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet
- Osaka (Japan) 1998
- Jakarta (Indonesia) 2009WEB,www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ID/en/en_Hirek/112.htm, Dr. Gábor Bagdy, Vice Mayor of Budapest, gov.hu, 25 April 2014, 3 March 2016,www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ID/en/en_Hirek/112.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20160303212535www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ID/en/en_Hirek/112.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20160303212535www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/ID/en/en_Hirek/112.htm, dead,
- Daejeon (South Korea) 1994WEB,www.metro.daejeon.kr/english/itsdaejeon/sistercities/budapest.jsp,www.metro.daejeon.kr/english/itsdaejeon/sistercities/budapest.jsp," title="web.archive.org/web/20091119005618www.metro.daejeon.kr/english/itsdaejeon/sistercities/budapest.jsp,">web.archive.org/web/20091119005618www.metro.daejeon.kr/english/itsdaejeon/sistercities/budapest.jsp, dead, Daejeon.kr, 19 November 2009,
- Naples (Italy) 1993WEB,www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931, Comune di Napoli-Gemellaggi, 8 August 2013, Vacca, Maria Luisa, Comune di Napoli, Naples – Twin Towns, it,www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931," title="web.archive.org/web/20130722204102www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931,">web.archive.org/web/20130722204102www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931, 22 July 2013, dead,
- Istanbul (Turkey) 1985WEB,www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm, Sister Cities of Istanbul – All About Istanbul, Burak Sansal, greatistanbul.com, 12 March 2016, 27 May 2009,www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090527130230www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090527130230www.greatistanbul.com/sister_cities.htm, dead,
- Ä°zmir (Turkey) 1985
- Gaziantep (Turkey) 2010
- Ankara (Turkey) 2015WEB,www.hurriyet.com.tr/ankara-nin-yeni-kardesi-budapeste-28305698, Ankara’nın yeni kardeÅŸi BudapeÅŸte, 27 February 2015, 26 February 2015, Hürriyet Daily News, tr,
- Sofia (Bulgaria) 2009
- Vilnius (Lithuania) 2000WEB,www.vilnius.com/cmarter.asp?doc=804, Welcome to Vilnius, vilnius.com, 12 March 2016, dead,www.vilnius.com/cmarter.asp?doc=804," title="web.archive.org/web/20140426235243www.vilnius.com/cmarter.asp?doc=804,">web.archive.org/web/20140426235243www.vilnius.com/cmarter.asp?doc=804, 26 April 2014,
- Košice (Slovakia) 1997WEB,www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html, Twin cities of the City of Kosice, 27 July 2013, Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr.,www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131105130201www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131105130201www.kosice.sk/clanok.php?file=gov_s_c-00_uk.html, 5 November 2013, dead,
- Lviv (Ukraine) 1993WEB,www.city-adm.lviv.ua/index/cities-partners, Ðовини ЛМР, ru, 17 June 2010, dead,city-adm.lviv.ua/index/cities-partners," title="web.archive.org/web/20100818183209city-adm.lviv.ua/index/cities-partners,">web.archive.org/web/20100818183209city-adm.lviv.ua/index/cities-partners, 18 August 2010,
See also
- Bridges of Budapest
- Budapest metropolitan area
- Fort Budapest
- List of cemeteries in Budapest
- List of films shot in Budapest
- List of cities and towns on Danube river
- List of historical capitals of Hungary
- Music of Budapest
- Outline of Hungary
- Spas in Budapest
- Urban and Suburban Transit Association (most of its activity is centred on Budapest)
References
Citations
{{Reflist}}General and cited references
- BOOK, Budapest: Eyewitness Travel Guildes, DK Travel, 2007, 978-0-7566-2435-4,
- BOOK, Barber, Annabel, 2004, Visible Cities Budapest: A City Guide, Somerset, 978-963-212-986-0,
- BOOK, Fallon, Steve, Kaminski, Anna, 2017, Budapest & Hungary Travel Guide, Lonely Planet, 9781786575425,
- BOOK, Molnar, Miklos, 2001, A Concise History of Hungary,archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00moln, registration, Cambridge Concise Histories, Cambridge University Press, 978-0-521-66736-4,
- BOOK, Sebestyen, Victor, Budapest: Between East and West, 2022, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Hardcover, 9781474609999,
- BOOK, Ungvary, Krisztian, 2006, The Siege of Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II, Yale University Press, 978-0-300-11985-5,
External links
{{Sister project links|voy=Budapest}}- {{Official website}}
- Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue – UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
- Old maps of Budapest {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110222228historic-cities.huji.ac.il/hungary/budapest/budapest.html |date=10 January 2021 }}, Historic Cities site. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325051637historic-cities.huji.ac.il/historic_cities.html |date=25 March 2022 }}. The National Library of Israel, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection.
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