(File:Western Haifa from the air.jpg|thumb|Western Haifa from the air)The ultimate origin of the name Haifa remains unclear. One theory holds it derives from the name of the high priest Caiaphas.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} Some Christians believe it was named for Saint Peter, whose Aramaic name was Keipha.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} Another theory holds it could be derived from the Hebrew verb root ×—×¤×” (hafa), from H-f-h root (×—-×¤-×”), meaning to cover or shield, i.e. Mount Carmel covers Haifa;BOOK, Alex, Carmel, 2002, The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule, 4th, Pardes, Haifa, 978-965-7171-05-9, he, 14, others point to a possible origin in the Hebrew word ×—×•Ö¹×£ (hof), meaning â€œshoreâ€, or ×—×•Ö¹×£ ×™Ö¸×¤Ö¶×” (hof yafe), meaning â€œbeautiful shoreâ€.JOURNAL, Amit-Kokhavi, Hanah, Haifaâ€”sea and mountain, Arab past and Jewish present, as reflected by four writers, Israel Studies, 2, 3, 2006, 142â€“167, 10.1353/is.2006.0025, 201768025, Other spellings in English included Caipha, Kaipha, Caiffa, Kaiffa and Khaifa.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=_hxHAAAAIAAJ&q=khaifa+caiffa, Guide to Palestine and Syria: Macmillanâ€™s guides, 5th, Macmillan and Company, 1910, 2 July 2011, 28 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210528161905/https://books.google.com/books?id=_hxHAAAAIAAJ&q=khaifa+caiffa, live,

Locations and names

Sycaminum and Efa

The earliest named settlement within the area of modern-day Haifa was a city known as Sycaminum. The remains of the ancient town can be found in a coastal tell, or archaeological mound, known in Hebrew as Tel Shikmona, meaning â€œmound of the Ficus sycomorusâ€, and in Arabic as Tell el-Semak or Tell es-Samak, meaning â€œmound of the sumak treesâ€, names that preserved and transformed the ancient name, by which the town is mentioned once in the Mishnah (composed c. 200 CE) for the wild fruits that grow around it.BOOK, Sharon, Moshe, Moshe Sharon, Fondation Max van Berchem,books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC&pg=PA99, Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae addendum: squeezes in the Max van Berchem collection (Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Northern Syria), Illustrated, BRILL, 2007, 978-90-04-15780-4, 2 July 2011, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803014841/https://books.google.com/books?id=1d8xHcor0psC&pg=PA99, live, The name Efa first appears during Roman rule, some time after the end of the 1st century, when a Roman fortress and small Jewish settlement were established not far from Tel Shikmona.BOOK, Dumper, Michael, Stanley, Bruce E.,books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA159, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia, Illustrated, ABC-CLIO, 2007, 978-1-57607-919-5, 2 July 2011, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803074834/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA159, live, Haifa is also mentioned more than 100 times in the Talmud, a work central to Judaism.Hefa or Hepha in Eusebius of Caesareaâ€™s 4th-century work, Onomasticon (Onom. 108, 31), is said to be another name for Sycaminus.BOOK, 213â€“214,books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&pg=PA213, Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Avraham, Negev, Shimon, Gibson, 4th, revised, illustrated, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005, 978-0-8264-8571-7, 31 May 2020, 2 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200802231716/https://books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&pg=PA213, live, This synonymizing of the names is explained by Moshe Sharon, who writes that the twin ancient settlements, which he calls Haifa-Sycaminon, gradually expanded into one another, becoming a twin city known by the Greek names Sycaminon or Sycaminos Polis. References to this city end with the Byzantine period.

Porphyreon

Around the 6th century, Porphyreon or Porphyrea is mentioned in the writings of William of Tyre,{{dubious|WRONG! W.o.T. lived 600 years later|date=October 2019}} and while it lies within the area covered by modern Haifa, it was a settlement situated south of Haifa-Sycaminon.

Early Muslim Haifa

Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Haifa was used to refer to a site established on Tel Shikmona upon what were already the ruins of Sycaminon (Shiqmona). Haifa (or Haifah) is mentioned by the mid-11th-century Persian chronicler Nasir Khusraw, and the 12th- and 13th-century Arab chroniclers, Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi. Nasir-i-Khusrau visited in 1047; he noted that â€œHaifa lies on the seashore, and there are here palm-gardens and trees in numbers. There are in this town shipbuilders, who build very large craft.â€œBOOK, Nasir-i-Khusrau, Nasir Khusraw, Vol IV. A journey through Syria and Palestine. By Nasir-i-Khusrau [1047 A.D.]. The pilgrimage of Saewulf to Jerusalem. The pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel., Le Strange, Guy, Guy Le Strange, Guy Le Strange, Palestine Pilgrimsâ€™ Text Society, London, 1897,archive.org/details/cu31924028534281, 19-20,

Crusader Caiphas

The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in the 12th century, call it Caiphas, and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of Simon Peter.WEB,archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme07pale/quarterlystateme07pale_djvu.txt, Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund, Palestine Exploration Fund, 1876, 2 July 2011, Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas,BOOK, Freyne, SeÃ¡n, Rodgers, Zuleika, Daly-Denton, Margaret, Fitzpatrick-McKinley, Anne,books.google.com/books?id=5I8zfmwEjjUC&pg=PA194, A wandering Galilean: essays in honour of SeÃ¡n Freyne, BRILL, 2009, 978-90-04-17355-2, 2 July 2011, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803014708/https://books.google.com/books?id=5I8zfmwEjjUC&pg=PA194, live, and Benjamin of Tudela, the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the cityâ€™s founding to Caiaphas, the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus.

Late Ottoman â€œOld Haifaâ€

Haifa al-â€™Atiqa (Arabic: â€œAncient Haifaâ€œ) is another name used by some locals to refer to Tell es-Samak, when it was the site of Haifa while a hamlet of 250 residents, before it was moved in 1764â€“5 to the site from which the modern city emerged.

Haifa al-Jadida (New Haifa) and modern Haifa

In 1764-5 Zahir al-Umar moved the village to a new site {{cvt|1.5|mi|km|abbr=off}} to the east, which he also fortified.BOOK, 15, Haifa: Transformation of an Arab Society 1918â€“1939, May, Seikaly, Illustrated, reprint, I.B. Tauris, 2002, 978-1-86064-556-3,books.google.com/books?id=XO4ECBQfh2oC&pg=PA65, 2 July 2011, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803011437/https://books.google.com/books?id=XO4ECBQfh2oC&pg=PA65, live, The new village, the nucleus of modern Haifa, was first called al-imara al-jadida (Arabic: â€œthe new constructionâ€œ) by some, but others residing there called it Haifa al-Jadida (Arabic: â€œNew Haifaâ€œ) at first, and then simply Haifa.BOOK, Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, 149â€“151,books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA149, Historic cities of the Islamic world, Illustrated, BRILL, 2007, 978-90-04-15388-2, 2 July 2011, 8 April 2016,web.archive.org/web/20160408132617/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA149, live, In the early 20th century, Haifa al â€˜Atiqa was repopulated with many Arab Christians in an overall neighborhood in which many Middle Eastern Jews were established inhabitants, as Haifa expanded outward from its new location.{{sfn|Seikaly|2002|p=65}}

History

{{For timeline}}(File:Tell Abu Hawam 006.jpg|thumb|Jars excavated at Tell Abu Hawam)

Bronze Age: Tell Abu Hawam

A town known today as Tell Abu Hawam was established during the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE). It was a port and fishing village.

In the Hebrew Bible

Mount Carmel and the Kishon River are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.{{Bibleverse|1|Kings|19:9|HE}}WEB,www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html, Kishon, Encyclopedia.com, 20 March 2008, 19 February 2008,www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080219072600www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080219072600www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kishon.html, live, A grotto on the top of Mount Carmel is known as the â€œCave of Elijahâ€,WEB,www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah, Trip Tern | Cave of Elijah, Haifa, 2013-04-11, dead,www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah," title="archive.today/20130615220103www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah,">archive.today/20130615220103www.triptern.com/guide/haifa-Cave-of-Elijah, 15 June 2013, traditionally linked to the Prophet Elijah and his apprentice, Elisha. In Arabic, the highest peak of the Carmel range is called the Muhraka, or â€œplace of burningâ€, harking back to the burnt offerings and sacrifices there in Canaanite and early Israelite times.WEB,bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa, Book Excerpt: Frommerâ€™s Guide to Israel, â€œHaifaâ€, Bahai-library.com, 21 April 1948, 5 May 2009, 18 October 2011,bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa," title="web.archive.org/web/20111018182422bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa,">web.archive.org/web/20111018182422bahai-library.com/ullian_israel_haifa, live,

Persian and Hellenistic period: near Shikmona

In the 6th century BCE, during the Persian period, Greek geographer Scylax wrote of a city â€œbetween the bay and the Promontory of Zeusâ€ (i.e., the Carmel), which may be a reference to Shikmona, a locality in the Haifa area.By Hellenistic times, the city had moved to a new site south of what is now the Bat Galim neighborhood of modern Haifa because the old portâ€™s harbour had become blocked with sand. A Greek-speaking population living along the coast at this time was engaged in commerce.Haifa, The Guide to Israel, Zev Vilnay, Jerusalem, 1970, p.382

Shikmona

Haifa was located near the town of Shikmona, a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used in the garments of the high priests in the Temple. The archaeological site of Shikmona is southwest of Bat Galim.WEB,mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf, Two Tombstones from Zoar in the Hecht Museum Collection, Haifa University, 25 January 2008,mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080226230016mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080226230016mushecht.haifa.ac.il/hecht/abstract/15e/Abstracts.pdf, 26 February 2008, dead, Early Haifa is believed to have occupied the area which extends from the present-day Rambam Hospital to the Jewish Cemetery on Yafo Street. The inhabitants engaged in fishing and agriculture.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName=History, Haifa Municipality - Aliya Web Site - Print Version, 6 April 2018,www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName=History," title="web.archive.org/web/20151216125342www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName=History,">web.archive.org/web/20151216125342www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pagesForPrint.aspx?pageName=History, 16 December 2015, dead,

Roman period

In about the 3rd century CE, Haifa was first mentioned in Talmudic literature, as a Jewish fishing village and the home of Rabbi Avdimi and other Jewish scholars. According to the Talmud, fishermen caught Murex, sea snails which yielded purple dye used to make tallit (Jewish prayer shawls) from Haifa to the Ladder of the Tyrians. Tombs dating from the Roman era, including Jewish burial caves, have been found in the area.ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html, Haifa, Jewish Virtual Library, 20 January 2008, 10 December 2007,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071210162145www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071210162145www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html, live, WEB, History & Overview of Haifa,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-haifa, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org, 20 August 2020, 1 July 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200701175819/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-haifa, live,

Byzantine period

Under Byzantine rule, Haifa continued to grow but did not assume major importance.BOOK, 213,books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&pg=PA213, Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Avraham, Negev, Shimon, Gibson, 4th, revised, illustrated, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1 July 2005, 978-0-8264-8571-7, 31 May 2020, 2 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200802231716/https://books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&pg=PA213, live, A kinah speaks of the destruction of the Jewish community of Haifa along with other communities when the Byzantines reconquered the country from the Sasanian Empire in 628 during the Byzantine-Sasanian War.

Early Muslim period

Following the Arab conquest of Palestine in the 630s-40s, Haifa was largely overlooked in favor of the port city of â€™Akka. Under the Rashidun Caliphate, Haifa began to develop.JOURNAL, Grabois, Aryeh, Haifa and Its Settlement in the Middle Ages, Ariel: Haifa and Its Sites, March 1985, 37â€“39, 48â€“49, Eli, Shiller, Yossi, Ben-Artzi, he, In the 9th century under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, Haifa established trading relations with Egyptian ports and the city featured several shipyards. The inhabitants, Arabs and Jews, engaged in trade and maritime commerce. Glass production and dye-making from marine snails were the cityâ€™s most lucrative industries.

Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule

(File:Haifa and Mount Carmel (before 1899).jpg|thumb|Mount Carmel before 1899)Prosperity ended in 1100 or 1101, when Haifa was besieged and blockaded by European Christians shortly after the end of the First Crusade, and then conquered after a fierce battle with its Jewish inhabitants and Fatimid garrison. Jews comprised the majority of the cityâ€™s population at the time.BOOK, Alex, Carmel, 2002, The History of Haifa Under Turkish Rule, 4th, Pardes, Haifa, 978-965-7171-05-9, he, 17, BOOK, A History of Palestine, 634-1099, Moshe, Gil, 1992, Cambridge University Press, 829, 978-0-521-40437-2,books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA829, Haifa was taken [...] in August 1100 or June 1101, according to Muslim sources which contradict one another. Albert of Aachen does not mention the date in a clear manner either. From what he says, it appears that it was mainly the Jewish inhabitants of the city who defended the fortress of Haifa. In his rather strange Latin style, he mentions that there was a Jewish population in Haifa, and that they fought bravely on the walls of the city. He explains that the Jews there were protected people of the Muslims (the Fatimids). They fought side by side with units of the Fatimid army, striking back at Tancredâ€™s army from above the walls of the citadel (... Judaei civis comixtis Sarracenorum turmis) until the Crusaders overcame them and they were forced to abandon the walls. The Muslims and the Jews then managed to escape from the fortress with their lives, while the rest of the population fled the city en masse. Whoever remained was slaughtered, and huge quantities of spoils were taken. [...] [Note #3: Albert of Aachen (Albericus, Albertus Aquensis), Historia Hierosolymitanae Expeditionis, in: Recueil des historiens des croisades, RHC (Occ.), IV. p. 523; etc.], 17 May 2015, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803011751/https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA829, live, Under the Crusaders, Haifa was reduced to a small fortified coastal stronghold. It was a part of the Principality of Galilee within the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Following their victory at the Battle of Hattin, Saladinâ€™s Ayyubid army captured Haifa in mid-July 1187 and the cityâ€™s Crusader fortress was destroyed.{{sfn|Lane-Poole|1906|p=219}} The Crusaders under Richard the Lionheart retook Haifa in 1191.{{sfn|Lane-Poole|1906|p=309}}In the 12th century religious hermits started inhabiting the caves on Mount Carmel, and in the 13th century they formed a new Catholic monastic order, the Carmelites.WEB, Origins of the Carmelites, Carmelite.org.uk,www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html, 20 March 2008,www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130510031519www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130510031519www.carmelite.org.uk/History.html, 10 May 2013, dead, Under Muslim rule, the church which they had built on Mount Carmel was turned into a mosque, later becoming a hospital. In the 19th century, it was restored as a Carmelite monastery, the Stella Maris Monastery. The altar of the church as we see it today, stands over a cave associated with Prophet Elijah.WEB, Stella Maris Lighthouse, Church and Carmelite Monastery, Frommers,www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html, 11 April 2008, live, 26 March 2008,www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080326201914www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080326201914www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/A36285.html, In 1265, the army of Mamluk sultan Baibars captured Haifa, destroying its fortifications, which had been rebuilt by King Louis IX of France, as well as the majority of the cityâ€™s homes to prevent the European Crusaders from returning.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2, Haifa in the Middle Ages, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 15 February 2008, 15 April 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415121923www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2,">web.archive.org/web/20080415121923www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/40/c2, live, From the time of its conquest by the Mamluks to the 15th century, Haifa was an unfortified small village or uninhabited. At various times there were a few Jews living there and both Jews and Christians made pilgrimages to the Cave of Elijah on Mount Carmel. During Mamluk rule in the 14th century, al-Idrisi wrote that Haifa served as the port for Tiberias and featured a â€œfine harbor for the anchorage of galleys and other vessels.BOOK, Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500,archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft/palestineundermo00lestuoft_djvu.txt, Guy, le Strange, 1890, Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 446, 26 July 2009,

Ottoman period

(File:Haifa from hill side 1898.jpg|thumb|Haifa in 1898)Haifa was apparently uninhabited at the time the Ottoman Empire conquered Palestine in 1516. The first indication of its resettlement was given in a description by German traveller Leonhard Rauwolf, who visited Palestine in 1575. In 1596, Haifa appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Sahil Atlit of the Liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 32 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives.BOOK, HÃ¼tteroth, Wolf-Dieter, Abdulfattah, Kamal, Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century, 1977, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der FrÃ¤nkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 158, Haifa was subsequently mentioned in the accounts of travelers as a half-ruined impoverished village with few inhabitants. The expansion of commercial trade between Europe and Palestine in the 17th century saw Haifaâ€™s revival as a flourishing port as more ships began docking there rather than Acre.In 1742, Haifa was a small village and had a Jewish community composed mainly of immigrants from Morocco and Algeria which had a synagogue. It had 250 inhabitants in 1764â€“5. It was located at Tell el-Semak, the site of ancient Sycaminum.BOOK, Hohlfelder, Robert L., 42, Mediterranean cities: historical perspectives, Irad Malkin, Robert L. Hohlfelder, Illustrated, annotated, reprint, Routledge, 1988, 978-0-7146-3353-4,books.google.com/books?id=CZt8xkmEwVwC&pg=PA42, 2 July 2011, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803000733/https://books.google.com/books?id=CZt8xkmEwVwC&pg=PA42, live, In 1765, Zahir al-Umar, the Arab ruler of Acre and the Galilee, moved the population to a new fortified site {{cvt|1.5|mi|km|abbr=off}} to the east and laid waste to the old site.Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864â€“1914: A Muslim Town in Transition By Mahmud Yazbak BRILL, 1998, {{ISBN|978-90-04-11051-9}} p 14 According to historian Moshe Sharon, the new Haifa was established by Zahir in 1769.BOOK, Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae: H-I, 5,books.google.com/books?id=X1uNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263, Moshe, Sharon, Moshe Sharon, 2013, BRILL, 978-90-04-25481-7, 262, 25 June 2015, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803025047/https://books.google.com/books?id=X1uNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA263, live, This event marked the beginning of modern Haifa. After al-Umarâ€™s death in 1775, the town remained under Ottoman rule until 1918, with the exception of two brief periods.In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Haifa during his unsuccessful campaign to conquer Palestine and Syria, but he soon had to withdraw; in the campaignâ€™s final proclamation, Napoleon took credit for having razed the fortifications of â€œKaÃ¯ffaâ€ (as the name was spelled at the time) along with those of Gaza, Jaffa and Acre.File:HaifaColony.jpg|left|thumb|German Colony in the 19th century]]Between 1831 and 1840, the Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali governed Haifa, after his son Ibrahim Pasha had wrested control over it from the Ottomans.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2, Haifa during the British Mandate Period, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 15 February 2008, 15 April 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415121907www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2,">web.archive.org/web/20080415121907www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/37/c2, live, WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2, Modern Haifa, 15 February 2008, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 15 April 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415121913www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2,">web.archive.org/web/20080415121913www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/38/c2, live, When the Egyptian occupation ended and Acre declined, the importance of Haifa rose. In 1858, the walled city of Haifa was overcrowded and the first houses began to be built outside the city walls on the mountain slope. The British Survey of Western Palestine estimated Haifaâ€™s population to be about 3,000 in 1859.Carmel, Alex: Ottoman Haifa: A History of Four Centuries under Turkish Rule (2010)Haifa remained majority Muslim throughout this time but a small Jewish community continued to exist there. In 1798, Rabbi Nachman of Breslov spent Rosh HaShana with the Jewish community of Haifa. In 1839 the Jewish population numbered 124.Encyclopedia Judaica, Haifa, Keter Publishing, Jerusalem, 1972, vol. 7, p. 1137. Due to the growing influence of the Carmelite monks, Haifaâ€™s Christian population also grew. By 1840 approximately 40% of the inhabitants were Christian Arabs.File:Location of Haifa German Templar Colony in the PEF Survey of Palestine.png|thumb|The new German Colony, Haifa is shown prominently in the 1880 PEF Survey of Palestine PEF Survey of PalestineThe arrival of German messianics, many of whom were Templers, in 1868, who settled in what is now known as the German Colony, was a turning point in Haifaâ€™s development. The Templers built and operated a steam-based power station, opened factories and inaugurated carriage services to Acre, Nazareth and Tiberias, playing a key role in modernizing the city.WEB,schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm, Templers, 27 January 2008, University of Haifa,schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070701120321schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070701120321schumacher.haifa.ac.il/templers.htm, 1 July 2007, (File:Haifa 1942.jpg|thumb|right|Haifa 1942 1:20,000)The first major wave of Jewish immigration to Haifa took place in the mid-19th century from Morocco, with a smaller wave of immigration from Turkey a few years later.WEB, Gaon, Moshe David,www.hebrewbooks.org/36725, The History of the Sephardi Jews in Israel, 22 May 2021, 8 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200808044114/https://www.hebrewbooks.org/36725, live, In the 1870s, large numbers of Jewish and Arab migrants came to Haifa due to the townâ€™s growing prosperity. Jews constituted one-eighth of Haifaâ€™s population, almost all of whom were recent immigrants from Morocco and Turkey who lived in the Jewish Quarter, which was located in the eastern part of the town. Continued Jewish immigration gradually raised the Jewish population of Haifa, and included a small number of Ashkenazi families, most of whom opened hotels for Jewish migrants coming into the city. In 1875, the Jewish community of Haifa held its own census which counted the Jewish population at about 200.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC&pg=PA107, Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864-1914: A Muslim Town in Transition, 978-90-04-11051-9, Yazbak, Mahmoud, Yazbak, Maá¸¥mÅ«d, 1998, BRILL, 11 November 2020, 28 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210528161938/https://books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC&pg=PA107, live, The First Aliyah of the late 19th century and the Second Aliyah of the early 20th century saw Jewish immigrants, mainly from Eastern Europe, arrive in Haifa in significant numbers. In particular, a significant number of Jewish immigrants from Romania settled in Haifa in the 1880s during the First Aliyah period. The Central Jewish Colonisation Society in Romania purchased over {{cvt|1000|acre|km2}} near Haifa. As the Jewish settlers had been city dwellers, they hired the former fellahin tenants to instruct them in agriculture.Oliphant, Laurence. (1886) Haifa, or Life in Modern Palestine. Adamant Media Corporation, pp. 11â€“12 The Jewish population rose from 1,500 in 1900 to 3,000 on the eve of World War I.Carmel, Alex: Ottoman Haifa: A History of Four Centuries under Turkish Rule(File:PikiWiki Israel 4802 Haifa 1930.jpg|thumb|View of Haifa from Mount Carmel in 1930)In the early 20th century, Haifa began to emerge as an industrial port city and growing population center. A branch of the Hejaz railway, known as the Jezreel Valley railway, was built between 1903 and 1905. The railway increased the cityâ€™s volume of trade, and attracted workers and foreign merchants.{{cn|date=January 2023}} In 1912, construction began on the Technion Institute of Technology, a Jewish technical school that was to later become one of Israelâ€™s top universities, although studies did not begin until 1924.BOOK, Devine, Mary Elizabeth,books.google.com/books?id=tntEAgAAQBAJ&dq=1912,+construction+began+on+the+Technion+Institute+of+Technology,&pg=PA391, International Dictionary of University Histories, Summerfield, Carol, 2013-12-02, Routledge, 978-1-134-26217-5, en, The Jews of Haifa also founded numerous factories and cultural institutions.

BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã faithâ€™s shrine

In 1909, Haifa became important to the BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã Faith when the remains of the BÃ¡b, founder of the BÃ¡bÃ Faith and forerunner of BahÃ¡Ê¼uâ€™llÃ¡h in the BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã Faith, were moved from Acre to Haifa and interred in the shrine built on Mount Carmel. BahÃ¡Ê¼Ãs consider the shrine to be their second holiest place on Earth after the Shrine of BahÃ¡Ê¼uâ€™llÃ¡h in Acre. Its precise location on Mount Carmel was shown by BahÃ¡Ê¼uâ€™llÃ¡h himself to his eldest son, Ê»Abduâ€™l-BahÃ¡, in 1891. Ê»Abduâ€™l-BahÃ¡ planned the structure, which was designed and completed several years later by his grandson, Shoghi Effendi. In a separate room, the remains of Ê»Abduâ€™l-BahÃ¡ were buried in November 1921.NEWS, Golden anniversary of the Queen of Carmel,news.bahai.org/story/252, BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã World News Service, 12 October 2003, 12 May 2007, 26 May 2007,news.bahai.org/story/252," title="web.archive.org/web/20070526195914news.bahai.org/story/252,">web.archive.org/web/20070526195914news.bahai.org/story/252, live,

British Mandate

(File:Indian lancers in Haifa 1918.jpg|thumb|Indian troops marching in Haifa in 1918)(File:Kings Way in Haifa 2.jpg|thumb|right|Kingsway (now HaAtzmaut Road) in the 1930s)(File:×—×™×¤×” - ×ž×¨××” ×—×œ×§×™-JNF013403.jpeg|thumb|Haifa 1945)Haifa was captured from the Ottomans in September 1918 by Indian horsemen of the British Army armed with spears and swords who overran Ottoman positions.WEB, Eyadat, Fadi,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380, On Haifa Day India salutes World War I troops, Haaretz, 24 September 2010, 24 March 2013, 2 November 2012,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380," title="web.archive.org/web/20121102100519www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380,">web.archive.org/web/20121102100519www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/on-haifa-day-india-salutes-wwi-troops-1.315380, live, On 22 September, British troops were heading to Nazareth when a reconnaissance report was received indicating that the Turks were leaving Haifa. The British made preparations to enter the city and came under fire in the Balad al-Sheikh district (today Nesher). After the British regrouped, an elite unit of Indian horsemen were sent to attack the Turkish positions on the flanks and overrun their artillery guns on Mount Carmel.Under the British Mandate, Haifa saw large-scale development and became an industrial port city.BOOK, Michael Dumper, Bruce E. Stanley, Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia,books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA161, 2007, ABC-CLIO, 978-1-57607-919-5, 161â€“, 1 July 2015, 3 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200803001340/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&pg=PA161, live, The BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã Faith in 1918 and today has its administrative and spiritual centre in the environs of Haifa.WEB,www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html, Knighthood â€” Sir Ê»Abduâ€™l-BahÃ¡ Ê»Abbas Effendi, 17 October 2013, 18 October 2007,www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071018154241www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071018154241www.homestead.com/watsongregory/files/knighthood.html, live, WEB,www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master, Uplifting Words, Ê»Abduâ€™l-Baha, 26 December 2018, 26 December 2018, 26 December 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181226232742/https://www.upliftingwords.org/bahai-faith-articles/abdul-baha-the-master, live, Many Jewish immigrants of the Fourth Aliyah and Fifth Aliyah settled in Haifa. The port was a major source of income, and the nearby Jewish towns of the Krayot were established in the 1930s. At the same time, the Arab population also swelled by an influx of migrants, coming mainly from surrounding villages as well as the Syrian Hauran.Reinhard Schulze. A modern history of the Islamic world. p.98. The Arab immigration mainly came as a result of prices and salary drop. The 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British authorities, recorded Haifaâ€™s population as 24,634 (9,377 Muslims, 8,863 Christians, 6,230 Jews, 152 Bahaâ€™i, and 12 Druze).BOOK,archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922, Palestine Census ( 1922), By the time of the 1931 census of Palestine, this had increased to 50,403 (20,324 Muslims, 15,923 Jews, 13,824 Christians, 196 Bahaâ€™i, 126 Druze, and 10 with no religion).Bosworth, C. Edmund: Historic Cities of the Islamic World{{harvnb|Barron|1923|p= 10}}BOOK,archive.org/details/palestine-census-1931, Palestine Census 1931, Between the censuses of 1922 and 1931, the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations rose by 217%, 256%, and 156%, respectively.BOOK, J. B., Barron, Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922, Government of Palestine, 1923, Table XI , ; BOOK, E. Mills, Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas, Government of Palestine, Jerusalem, 1932, 91, In 1938, 99,000 people (including 48,000 Jews) lived in Haifa.{{sfn|Seikaly|2002|p=51}}BOOK,users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1938orig.pdf, Village Statistics, 1938, 24, Haifaâ€™s development owed much to British plans to make it a central port and hub for Middle-East crude oil. The British Government of Palestine developed the port and built refineries, thereby facilitating the rapid development of the city as a center for the countryâ€™s heavy industries. Haifa was also among the first towns to be fully electrified. The Palestine Electric Company inaugurated the Haifa Electrical Power Station already in 1925, opening the door to considerable industrialization.Shamir, Ronen (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press The State-run Palestine Railways also built its main workshops in Haifa.By 1945 the population was 138,300 (75,500 Jews, 35,940 Muslims, 26,570 Christians, and 290 â€œotherâ€œ).Supplement to a Survey of Palestine (p. 12â€“13) which was prepared by the British Mandate for the United Nations in 1946â€“47.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History, Haifa Municipality â€“ Aliya Web Site, .haifa.muni.il, 13 October 2013, dead,www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History," title="web.archive.org/web/20131012143611www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History,">web.archive.org/web/20131012143611www1.haifa.muni.il/aliya/pages.aspx?pageName=History, 12 October 2013, BOOK,users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VillageStatistics1945orig.pdf, Village Statistics, 1945, 13, In 1947, about 70,910 Arabs (41,000 Muslims and 29,910 Christians) and 74,230 Jews were living there.BOOK,www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html, Supplement to a Survey of Palestine, 11 April 2008, 14 August 2014,www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140814220537www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140814220537www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Maps/Story574.html, live, The Christian community were mostly Greek-Melkite Catholics.

1947â€“1948 Civil War in Palestine

File:PikiWiki Israel 20690 The Palmach.jpg|thumb|upright|Haifa July 1947. British soldiers remove injured passenger from SS Exodus SS Exodus{{Further|Battle of Haifa (1948)}}The 1947 UN Partition Plan in late November 1947 designated Haifa as part of the proposed Jewish state. Arab protests over that decision evolved into violence between Jews and Arabs that left several dozen people dead during December.Palestine Post, many issues December 1947. The Arab city was in a state of chaos. The local Arab national committee tried to stabilize the situation by organizing garrison, calming the frightened residents and to stop the flight. In a public statement, the national committee called upon the Arab residents to obey orders, be alert, keep calm, and added: â€œKeep away the cowards who wish to flee. Expell them from your lines. Despise them, because they harm more than the enemyâ€. Despite the efforts, Arab residents abandoned the streets which bordered Jewish neighborhoods and during the days of the general strike instigated by the Arab Higher Committee, some 250 Arab families abandoned the Khalisa neighborhood.Yoav Gelber, Independence Versus Nakba; Kinneretâ€“Zmora-Bitanâ€“Dvir Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|978-965-517-190-7}}, pp.136â€“137On 30 December 1947, members of the Irgun, a Jewish underground militia, threw bombs into a crowd of Arabs outside the gates of the Consolidated Refineries in Haifa, killing six and injuring 42. In response, Arab employees of the company killed 39 Jewish employees in what became known as the Haifa Oil Refinery massacre.{{Citation |title=The Israel/Palestine Question |author-link=Ilan PappÃ© |first=Ilan |last=PappÃ© |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-415-16947-9}} The Jewish Haganah militia retaliated with a raid on the Arab village of Balad al-Shaykh, where many of the Arab refinery workers lived, in what became known as the Balad al-Shaykh massacre.Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, p101.British forces in Haifa redeployed on 21 April 1948, withdrawing from most of the city while still maintaining control over the port facilities. According to Ilan PappÃ©, although the Jewish mayor of the city, Shabtai Levy, urged the Arab residents to stay, in other parts of town loudspeakers could be heard ordering Arabs to leave â€œbefore itâ€™s too late.â€œPappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, p. 95On 21 April, the downtown, controlled by a combination of local and foreign (ALA) Arab irregulars, was assaulted by Jewish forces in Operation Biâ€™ur Hametz by the Carmeli Brigade of the Haganah, commanded by Moshe Carmel. Arab neighborhoods were attacked with mortars and gunfire,BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=LILdBDrm-ksC&q=eugene+rogan+history+of+arabs, The Arabs: A History â€“ Third Edition, Eugene Rogan, 330, Penguin, 2012, 9780718196837, which, according to Ilan PappÃ©, culminated in an attack on a Palestinian crowd in the old marketplace using three-inch (76 mm) mortars on 22 April 1948.PappÃ©, Ilan (1992). The Making of the Arab Israeli Conflict 1947â€“1951. I B Tauris, p.72 {{ISBN|978-1-85043-819-9}}Morris, Benny (2001). â€œRevisiting the Palestinian exodus of 1948â€, in The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (pp. 37â€“59). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-79476-3}}Pappe, Ilan. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, p. 96, citing Zadok Eshel, â€œThe Carmeli Brigade in the War of Independenceâ€, p. 147.Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim, a Palestinian Arab municipal leader, described attacks â€œprovoking terror among the women and children, who were very influenced by w:Deir Yassin massacre|the horrors of Dayr Yasin]]â€, and provided an eyewitness account of the flight of Haifaâ€™s Arab residents:BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=LILdBDrm-ksC&q=eugene+rogan+history+of+arabs, The Arabs: A History â€“ Third Edition, Eugene Rogan, 330, Penguin, 2012, 9780718196837, {{cquote|Thousands of women, children and men hurried to the port district in a state of chaos and terror without precedent in the history of the Arab nation. They fled their houses to the coast, barefoot and naked, to wait for their turn to travel to Lebanon. They left their homeland, their houses, their possessions, their money, their welfare, and their trades, to surrender their dignity and their souls.}}The operation led to a massive displacement of Haifaâ€™s Arab population, and was part of the larger 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight. According to The Economist at the time, only 5,000â€“6,000 of the cityâ€™s 62,000 Arabs remained there by 2 October 1948.WEB,www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm, The Palestine Refugee Problem, Mideastweb.org, 5 May 2009, 1 May 2009,www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090501153754www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090501153754www.mideastweb.org/refugees1.htm, live, Morris quotes British sources as stating that during the battles between 22 and 23 April 100 Arabs were killed and 100 wounded, but he adds that the total may have been higher.Morris, Benny (1987), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947â€“1949. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-33028-2}}. Page 315. Quoting CP v/4/102, Stockwell Report. He comments: â€œNor is there any evidence that a â€œmassacreâ€ took place in the town.â€œHistorian Walid Khalidi described â€œthe mass exodus of Haifaâ€™s Arab populationâ€ as â€œthe spontaneous reaction to the ruthless combination of terror and psychological warfare tactics adopted by the Haganah during the attack.â€œweblink

State of Israel

(File:Haifa Bay.JPG|thumb|left|View of Haifa Bay from Mount Carmel in 2004)After the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 Haifa became the gateway for Jewish immigration into Israel. During the 1948 Arabâ€“Israeli War, the neighborhoods of Haifa were sometimes contested. After the war, Jewish immigrants were settled in new neighborhoods, among them Kiryat Hayim, Ramot Remez, Ramat Shaul, Kiryat Sprinzak, and Kiryat Eliezer. Bnei Zion Hospital (formerly Rothschild Hospital) and the Central Synagogue in Hadar Hacarmel date from this period. In 1953, a master plan was created for transportation and the future architectural layout.WEB, History since Independence, 9 April 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2, Haifa Municipality, 12 December 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2," title="web.archive.org/web/20081212183755www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2,">web.archive.org/web/20081212183755www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/36/c2, live, In 1959, a group of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, mostly Moroccan Jews, rioted in Wadi Salib, claiming the state was discriminating against them.WEB,www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=1099078&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&title=%27The%20Makings%20of%20History%20%2F%20So%20much%20for%20the%20melting%20pot%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5, So much for the melting pot, Tom Segev, 30 July 2009, 8 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200808024256/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArtStEngPE.jhtml?itemNo=1099078&contrassID=2&subContrassID=15&title=%27The%20Makings%20of%20History%20%2F%20So%20much%20for%20the%20melting%20pot%20%27&dyn_server=172.20.5.5, dead, Their demand for â€œbread and workâ€ was directed at the state institutions and what they viewed as an Ashkenazi elite in the Labor Party and the Histadrut.Tel Aviv gained in status, while Haifa suffered a decline in the role as regional capital. The opening of Ashdod as a port exacerbated this. Tourism shrank when the Israeli Ministry of Tourism placed emphasis on developing Tiberias as a tourist centre.Kellerman, Aharon (1993) Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century SUNY Press, {{ISBN|978-0-7914-1295-4}} p 236 Nevertheless, Haifaâ€™s population had reached 200,000 by the early 1970s, and mass immigration from the former Soviet Union boosted the population by a further 35,000. The Matam high-tech park, the first dedicated high-tech park in Israel, opened in Haifa in the 1970s. Many of Wadi Salibâ€™s historic Ottoman buildings have now been demolished, and in the 1990s a major section of the Old City was razed to make way for a new municipal center.WEB, Sifting Through the Ruins: Historic Wadi Salib Under Pressure., Am, Johal, Media Monitors Network, 18 August 2004,usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure, dead,usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure," title="web.archive.org/web/20070928015832usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure,">web.archive.org/web/20070928015832usa.mediamonitors.net/headlines/sifting_through_the_ruins_historic_wadi_salib_under_pressure, 28 September 2007, From 1999 to 2003, several Palestinian suicide attacks took place in Haifa (in Maxim and Matza restaurants, bus 37, and others), killing 68 civilians. In 2006, Haifa was hit by 93 Hezbollah rockets during the Second Lebanon War, killing 11 civilians and leading to half of the cityâ€™s population fleeing at the end of the first week of the war.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5318424.stm, In focus: Haifa, 9 April 2008, BBC News, 6 September 2006, 6 August 2020,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5318424.stm," title="web.archive.org/web/20200806173551news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5318424.stm,">web.archive.org/web/20200806173551news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5318424.stm, live, Among the places hit by rockets were a train depot and the oil refinery complex.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html, 8 killed in rocket attack on Haifa â€“ Israel News, Ynetnews, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 12 March 2013, 14 March 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130314214958www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130314214958www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3276392,00.html, live, Raved, Ahiya, WEB,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html, Katyusha rocket hit Haifa oil refineries complex during Second Lebanon War, Haaretz, 5 May 2009, 24 July 2008,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080724135023www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080724135023www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/840990.html, live,

Demographics

{{historical populations

PUBLISHER=HAIFA MUNICIPALITY

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20080409211913/HTTP://WWW1.HAIFA.MUNI.IL/SPRU/DOC/YB/DMGRP/Y2006/DOWNLOAD/DEMOGRAPHYDL.PDF

URL-STATUS=DEAD, Data based on Ben-Arieh â€œPopulation of the Townsâ€, as reproduced in Ben-Arieh Jerusalem page 466|percentages=

1,000

2,000

6,000

20,000

24,600

145,140

183,021

219,559

225,775

255,914

264,407

279,600}}File:Downtown Haifa including the port and the sail tower.jpg|thumb|left|Downtown Haifa and port with the Sail Tower Sail TowerHaifa is Israelâ€™s third-largest city, consisting of 103,000 households,WEB, Haifa,www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About+Israel/Cities/Haifa+9.htm, dead,www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa%2B9.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070926234156www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa%2B9.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070926234156www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Aliyah/About%2BIsrael/Cities/Haifa%2B9.htm, 26 September 2007, 5 May 2007, Jewish Agency for Israel, Jewish Agency, or a population of {{Israel populations|Haifa}}. Immigrants from the former Soviet Union constitute 25% of Haifaâ€™s population,WEB,www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf, The Arab Population of Israel 2003, 3 January 2008, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics,www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20071201024709www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20071201024709www.cbs.gov.il/statistical/arab_pop03e.pdf, 1 December 2007, dead, thus making Russian one of the three main spoken languages of the city.According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, Israeli Arabs constitute 10% of Haifaâ€™s population, the majority living in the Wadi Nisnas, Abbas and Khalisa neighborhoods. The Wadi Nisnas and Abbas neighborhoods are largely Christian,BOOK, Everyday Life in the Segmented City, Lorenzo, Tripodi, 2011, 978-1-78052-258-6, 74, Emerald Group Publishing, BOOK, Words and Stones: The Politics of Language and Identity in Israel, Daniel, Lefkowitz, 2004, 978-0-19-802843-7, 49, Oxford University Press, Khalisa and Kababir are largely Muslim, while Ein HaYam is a mixed Arab Christian and Muslim neighborhood. Haifa is commonly portrayed as a model of co-existence between Arabs and Jews, although tensions and hostility do still exist.Faier, Elizabeth (2005) Organizations, Gender, and the Culture of Palestinian Activism in Haifa, Israel: fieldwork and Palestinians in Israel New venues: nongovernmental organizations and social change Activism: support, conflict, and ideas Two tales of a city: history, space, and identity Honor, land, and protest ... Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0-415-94951-4}}Between 1994 and 2009, the city had a declining and aging population compared to Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, as young people moved to the center of the country for education and jobs, while young families migrated to bedroom communities in the suburbs. However, as a result of new projects and improving infrastructure, the city managed to reverse its population decline, reducing emigration while attracting more internal migration into the city. In 2009, positive net immigration into the city was shown for the first time in 15 years.WEB,urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html, urbaneconomics.blogspot.com, Is Haifa Ageing?, 10 February 2008, 6 December 2006, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Israel, no. 56, 2005, 8 July 2011,urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110708071520urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110708071520urbaneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/12/is-haifa-aging.html, live, A development plan approved in 2016 seeks to raise Haifaâ€™s population to 330,000 residents by 2025.NEWS, Haifa plans for 55,000 more residents by 2025,en.globes.co.il/en/article-new-haifa-outline-plan-55000-more-residents-by-2025-1001159957, Globes, en, 11 August 2016, 3 January 2021, 8 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200808031333/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-new-haifa-outline-plan-55000-more-residents-by-2025-1001159957, live,

Religious and ethnic communities

The population is heterogeneous. Israeli Jews comprise some 82% of the population, almost 14% are Christians (the majority of whom are Arab Christians) and, some 4% are Muslims (of which 20% are AhmadisWEB, Israel and You, Today there are 2,200 Ahmadi residents in Kababir.,www.israelandyou.com/kababir/, 26 January 2015, Kababir, dead,www.israelandyou.com/kababir/," title="web.archive.org/web/20150130170337www.israelandyou.com/kababir/,">web.archive.org/web/20150130170337www.israelandyou.com/kababir/, 30 January 2015, ). Haifa also includes Druze and BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã Faith communities. In 2006, 27% of the Arab population was aged 14 and under, compared to 17% of the Jewish and other population groups. The trend continues in the age 15â€“29 group, in which 27% of the Arab population is found, and the age 30â€“44 group (23%). The population of Jews and others in these age groups are 22% and 18% respectively. Nineteen percent of the cityâ€™s Jewish and other population is between 45 and 59, compared to 14% of the Arab population. This continues with 14% of Jews and others aged 60â€“74 and 10% over age 75, in comparison to 7% and just 2% respectively in the Arab population. Arabs in Haifa tend to be wealthier and better educated compare to other Arabs elsewhere in Israel.File:St. Elias Cathedral, front view (Haifa, 2012).jpg|thumb|St. Elijah Cathedral, Haifa; episcopal see of the Archeparchy of Akka.]]Haifa is home to the second-largest Arab Christian community in Israel,WEB,www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf, Christmas 2019 - Christians in Israel, 29 December 2019, Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), 26 April 2022, 9 November 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211109084141/https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/mediarelease/DocLib/2019/400/11_19_400e.pdf, live, many of them lives in the Arabic-speaking neighborhoods in the lowlands near the sea; neighborhoods such as German Colony, Wadi Nisnas and Abbas, are largely Arab Christian. There are also a significant number of wealthy Christian Arabs in the Hadar West and Central. The Christian communities of Haifa are varied and included various denominations, the most prominent among them the Melkite Greek Catholic, followed by Greek Orthodox, Latin Catholics, Maronites, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestants.BOOK, European Cultural Diplomacy and Arab Christians in Palestine, 1918-1948: Between Contention and Connection, Sary, Zananiri, 2020, 978-3-030-55540-5, 129, Springer Nature, The Christian Arab communities in Haifa tend to be wealthier and better educated compare to other Arabs elsewhere in Israel.BOOK, The Israeli Palestinians: An Arab Minority in the Jewish State, Alexander, Bligh, 2004, 978-1-135-76077-9, 132, Routledge, The Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Akka is based in Haifa, and its cathedral episcopal see is St. Elijah Greek-Melkite Cathedral.WEB,catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p=3811, The Catholic Church Of The Holy Land Â» Parishes Greek Melkite Catholic Archeparchy of Akko, catholicchurch-holyland.com, 2016-05-19, dead,catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p=3811," title="web.archive.org/web/20160323032025catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p=3811,">web.archive.org/web/20160323032025catholicchurch-holyland.com/?p=3811, 2016-03-23, Following Israelâ€™s withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, some former South Lebanon Army soldiers and officers who fled from Lebanon settled in Haifa with their families.JOURNAL, Shachmon, Ori, Mack, Merav, 2019, The Lebanese in Israel â€“ Language, Religion and Identity,www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343, Zeitschrift der Deutschen MorgenlÃ¤ndischen Gesellschaft, 169, 2, 343â€“366, 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343, 10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343, 211647029, 0341-0137, 1 May 2022, 20 October 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211020065138/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.169.2.0343, live, In 2006, 2.9% of the Jews in the city were Haredi, compared to 7.5% on a national scale. However, the Haredi community in Haifa is growing fast due to a high fertility rate.WEB, Hoval, Revital,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844, Secular residents worry about Haifa neighborhood turning into â€˜another Bnei Brakâ€™, Haaretz, 1 September 2011, 24 March 2013, 10 March 2012,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844," title="web.archive.org/web/20120310012152www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844,">web.archive.org/web/20120310012152www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/secular-residents-worry-about-haifa-neighborhood-turning-into-another-bnei-brak-1.381844, live, 66.6% were secular, compared to a national average of 43.7%. There is also a Scandinavian Seamen Protestant church, established by Norwegian Righteous Among the Nations pastor Per Faye-Hansen.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}Haifa is the center of liberal Arabic-speaking culture, as it was under British colonial rule. The Arabic-speaking neighborhoods, which are mixed Muslim and Christian, are in the lowlands near the sea, while Jewish neighborhoods are at higher elevation. An active Arab cultural life has developed in the 21st century.NEWS, Hadid, Diaa, In Israeli City of Haifa, a Liberal Palestinian Culture Blossoms,www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/in-israeli-city-of-haifa-a-liberal-palestinian-culture-blossoms.html, 4 January 2016, The New York Times, 4 January 2016, 2 May 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190502175750/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/in-israeli-city-of-haifa-a-liberal-palestinian-culture-blossoms.html, live, The city is center of many Arab-owned businesses such as theaters, bars, cafes, restaurants and nightclubs which host also a different cultural discussions and art exhibitions.

Geography

Haifa is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain, the historic land bridge between Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the mouth of the Kishon River.WEB,www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1504, Haifa, Israel, Timeanddate.com, 20 March 2008, 18 October 2007,timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1504," title="web.archive.org/web/20071018084531timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1504,">web.archive.org/web/20071018084531timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1504, live, Located on the northern slopes of Mount Carmel and around Haifa Bay, the city is split over three tiers.WEB,www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general+info.htm, Haifa â€“ General info, 20 March 2008, Israeli Ministry of Tourism, 14 April 2008,www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general+info.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080414134000www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general+info.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080414134000www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Euk/Destinations/Haifa/general+info.htm, live, The lowest is the center of commerce and industry including the Port of Haifa. The middle level is on the slopes of Mount Carmel and consists of older residential neighborhoods, while the upper level consists of modern neighborhoods looking over the lower tiers. From here views can be had across the Western Galilee region of Israel towards Rosh HaNikra and the Lebanese border. Haifa is about {{cvt|90|km|mi|1|sp=us}} north of the city of Tel Aviv, and has a large number of beaches on the Mediterranean.WEB,www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf, Road Distances Chart, Israel Ministry of Tourism, 20 March 2008, dead,www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080409211830www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080409211830www.goisrael.com/NR/rdonlyres/FAEF9852-0C3C-43CD-B751-BE0C4A977000/5304/RoadDistanceChart1.pdf, 9 April 2008, {{wide image|Haifa BW 4.JPG|800px|align-cap=center|Panorama of Haifa from Mount Carmel}}

Flora and fauna

The Carmel Mountain has three main wadis: Lotem, Amik and Siâ€™ach. For the most part these valleys are undeveloped natural corridors that run up through the city from the coast to the top of the mountain. Marked hiking paths traverse these areas and they provide habitat for wildlife such as wild boar, golden jackal, hyrax, Egyptian mongoose, owls and chameleons.{{cn|date=January 2023}}Haifa is inundated with boars. The boars began to descend from the valleys around the city from before 2019, and began to roam in the cityâ€™s streets. In 2019, mayor Einat Kalisch-Rotem decided to stop shooting the boars.WEB, Kingsley, Patrick, Where Boars Hog the Streets,www.nytimes.com/2021/04/09/world/middleeast/haifa-israel-wild-boars.html, The New York Times, 10 February 2024, 9 April 2021, Boar sighting figures have struggled to go down since the Israel Nature and Parks Authority began fencing off forested areas, because residents often feed the boars.WEB, Well-meaning Residents Foil Haifaâ€™s Efforts to Tame Wild Boar Problem,www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-12-10/ty-article/.premium/well-meaning-residents-foil-haifas-efforts-to-tame-wild-boar-problem/00000184-fd69-d4c7-a786-fdffd11e0000, Haaretz, 10 February 2024, en,

Climate

Haifa has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters (KÃ¶ppen climate classification Csa).ENCYCLOPEDIA,encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/israel.html, Israel, 20 March 2008, Encarta,encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/Israel.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20091028171259encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/Israel.html,">web.archive.org/web/20091028171259encarta.msn.com/text_761575008___2/Israel.html, 28 October 2009, dead, Spring arrives in March when temperatures begin to increase. By late May, the temperature has warmed up considerably to herald warm summer days. The average temperature in summer is {{cvt|26|Â°C|Â°F|0|sp=us}} and in winter, {{cvt|12|Â°C|Â°F|0|sp=us}}. Frost is rare in Haifa, but temperatures around {{cvt|3|Â°C|Â°F|0|sp=us}} can sometimes occur, usually in the early morning. Snow is very rare, which last fell in 1950. Humidity tends to be high all year round, and rain usually occurs between September and May. Annual precipitation is approximately {{cvt|629|mm|in|0|sp=us}}.{{Weather box|location=Haifa Airport (5 m / 16 ft) (Temperature: 1995â€“2010, Extremes 1898â€“2011, Precipitation: 1980â€“2010)|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=27.0|Feb record high C=30.4|Mar record high C=38.0|Apr record high C=42.5|May record high C=44.6|Jun record high C=43.5|Jul record high C=37.8|Aug record high C=37.8|Sep record high C=41.8|Oct record high C=41.4|Nov record high C=36.0|Dec record high C=31.5|Jan avg record high C=22.6|Feb avg record high C=25.0|Mar avg record high C=29.9|Apr avg record high C=35.5|May avg record high C=36.2|Jun avg record high C=34.6|Jul avg record high C=35.2|Aug avg record high C=34.1|Sep avg record high C=34.7|Oct avg record high C=35.4|Nov avg record high C=30.3|Dec avg record high C=24.7|year avg record high C=|Jan high C=17.8|Feb high C=18.6|Mar high C=20.9|Apr high C=23.8|May high C=26.5|Jun high C=29.5|Jul high C=31.6|Aug high C=31.6|Sep high C=30.2|Oct high C=27.9|Nov high C=24.4|Dec high C=19.8|year high C=|Jan mean C=13.9|Feb mean C=14.4|Mar mean C=16.5|Apr mean C=19.4|May mean C=22.4|Jun mean C=25.7|Jul mean C=28.0|Aug mean C=28.4|Sep mean C=26.7|Oct mean C=23.7|Nov mean C=19.8|Dec mean C=15.8|year mean C=|Jan low C=10.0|Feb low C=10.2|Mar low C=12.1|Apr low C=14.8|May low C=18.2|Jun low C=21.9|Jul low C=24.4|Aug low C=25.1|Sep low C=23.2|Oct low C=19.5|Nov low C=15.1|Dec low C=11.8|year low C=15.9|Jan avg record low C=5.4|Feb avg record low C=6.1|Mar avg record low C=7.6|Apr avg record low C=9.5|May avg record low C=13.7|Jun avg record low C=18.4|Jul avg record low C=21.7|Aug avg record low C=22.7|Sep avg record low C=19.5|Oct avg record low C=14.8|Nov avg record low C=9.9|Dec avg record low C=7.3|year avg record low C=|Jan record low C=-1.6|Feb record low C=-3.5|Mar record low C=2.0|Apr record low C=4.3|May record low C=9.6|Jun record low C=13.0|Jul record low C=17.0|Aug record low C=17.9|Sep record low C=14.2|Oct record low C=8.5|Nov record low C=5.0|Dec record low C=0.2|year record low C=|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=124.9|Feb rain mm=95.2|Mar rain mm=52.8|Apr rain mm=23.6|May rain mm=2.7|Jun rain mm=0.1|Jul rain mm=0.0|Aug rain mm=0.0|Sep rain mm=1.2|Oct rain mm=28.0|Nov rain mm=77.8|Dec rain mm=135.5|unit rain days=0.1 mm|Jan rain days=13.9|Feb rain days=11.7|Mar rain days=8.6|Apr rain days=3.6|May rain days=1.4|Jun rain days=0.1|Jul rain days=0.1|Aug rain days=0|Sep rain days=0.8|Oct rain days=3.9|Nov rain days=8.0|Dec rain days=11.8

Israel Meteorological ServiceHTTP://WWW.IMS.GOV.IL/IMS/CLIMATE/CLIMATICATLAS/TEMPNORMALS.HTM

PUBLISHER=ISRAEL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

URL-STATUS=DEAD

ARCHIVE-DATE=18 JUNE 2013, {{in lang

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he}}}}{{Weather box|location=University of Haifa (475 m / 1558 ft) (Temperature: 1995â€“2010, Precipitation: 1980â€“2010)|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=23.6|Feb record high C=26.2|Mar record high C=32.9|Apr record high C=36.6|May record high C=39.0|Jun record high C=38.9|Jul record high C=36.6|Aug record high C=34.9|Sep record high C=38.9|Oct record high C=36.3|Nov record high C=30.0|Dec record high C=28.3|Jan high C=13.3|Feb high C=14.2|Mar high C=16.8|Apr high C=20.2|May high C=23.3|Jun high C=25.1|Jul high C=26.5|Aug high C=26.9|Sep high C=26.2|Oct high C=24.2|Nov high C=19.9|Dec high C=15.5|year high C=|Jan mean C=11.0|Feb mean C=11.5|Mar mean C=13.8|Apr mean C=16.5|May mean C=19.7|Jun mean C=22.0|Jul mean C=23.7|Aug mean C=24.2|Sep mean C=23.4|Oct mean C=21.3|Nov mean C=17.2|Dec mean C=13.1|year mean C=|Jan low C=8.6|Feb low C=8.9|Mar low C=10.7|Apr low C=12.9|May low C=16.1|Jun low C=18.8|Jul low C=20.8|Aug low C=21.5|Sep low C=20.6|Oct low C=18.4|Nov low C=14.6|Dec low C=10.7|year low C=|Jan record low C=-0.3|Feb record low C=1.3|Mar record low C=1.0|Apr record low C=4.2|May record low C=10.1|Jun record low C=11.5|Jul record low C=16.7|Aug record low C=18.1|Sep record low C=15.9|Oct record low C=8.8|Nov record low C=5.1|Dec record low C=2.5|rain colour=green|Jan rain mm=166|Feb rain mm=128|Mar rain mm=71|Apr rain mm=21|May rain mm=5|Jun rain mm=0|Jul rain mm=0|Aug rain mm=0|Sep rain mm=2|Oct rain mm=36|Nov rain mm=93|Dec rain mm=161|unit rain days=0.1 mm|Jan rain days=14|Feb rain days=12|Mar rain days=9|Apr rain days=4|May rain days=1|Jun rain days=0|Jul rain days=0|Aug rain days=0|Sep rain days=1|Oct rain days=4|Nov rain days=8|Dec rain days=12|Jan humidity=68|Feb humidity=67|Mar humidity=63|Apr humidity=61|May humidity=63|Jun humidity=74|Jul humidity=80|Aug humidity=82|Sep humidity=74|Oct humidity=67|Nov humidity=59|Dec humidity=65|year humidity=

Israel Meteorological ServiceHTTP://WWW.IMS.GOV.IL/IMS/CLIMATE/CLIMATICATLAS/RELATIVE+HUMIDITY+1995-2009.HTM

ACCESS-DATE=28 DECEMBER 2014

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160304002258/HTTP://WWW.IMS.GOV.IL/IMS/CLIMATE/CLIMATICATLAS/RELATIVE+HUMIDITY+1995-2009.HTM

he}}}}

Neighborhoods

File:Israel - Haifa - view 001.jpg|thumb|Bat Galim neighborhood and Haifa Bay Haifa Bay(File:Haifa 3082-1.jpg|thumb|Panorama Towers)Haifa has developed in tiers, from the lower to the upper city on the Carmel. The oldest neighborhood in modern Haifa is Wadi Salib, the Old City center near the port, which has been bisected by a major road and razed in part to make way for government buildings. Wadi Salib stretches across to Wadi Nisnas, the center of Arab life in Haifa today. In the 19th century, under Ottoman rule, the German Colony was built, providing the first model of urban planning in Haifa. Some of the buildings have been restored and the colony has turned into a center of Haifa nightlife.The first buildings in Hadar were constructed at the start of the 20th century. Hadar was Haifaâ€™s cultural center and marketplace throughout the 1920s and into the 1980s, nestled above and around Haifaâ€™s Arab neighborhoods. Today Hadar stretches from the port area near the bay, approximately halfway up Mount Carmel, around the German Colony, Wadi Nisnas and Wadi Salib.ENCYCLOPEDIA,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html, Haifa, Jewish Virtual Library, 21 March 2008, 14 May 2008,www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080514231928www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080514231928www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/viehaifa.html, live, Hadar houses two commercial centers (one in the port area, and one midway up the mountain) surrounded by some of the cityâ€™s older neighborhoods.Neve Shaâ€™anan, a neighborhood located on the second tier of Mount Carmel, was founded in the 1920s. West of the port are the neighborhoods of Bat Galim, Shikmona Beach, and Kiryat Eliezer. To the west and east of Hadar are the Arab neighborhoods of Abbas and Khalisa, built in the 1960s and 70s.WEB,www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Cities/Haifa.htm, Haifa, Israel Government Tourism Ministry, 21 March 2008,www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Cities/Haifa.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090108130722www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Cities/Haifa.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090108130722www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Euk/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Cities/Haifa.htm, 8 January 2009, dead, To the south of Mount Carmelâ€™s headland, along the road to Tel Aviv, are the neighborhoods of Ein HaYam, Shaar HaAliya, Kiryat Sprinzak and Neve David.Above Hadar are affluent neighborhoods such as the Carmel Tzarfati (French Carmel), Merkaz HaCarmel (Carmel Center), Romema (Ramot Ben Gurion), Ahuzat HaCarmel (Ahuza), Carmeliya, Vardiya, Ramat Golda, Ramat Alon and Hod Haâ€™Carmel (Denya). While there are general divisions between Arab and Jewish neighborhoods, there is an increasing trend for wealthy Arabs to move into affluent Jewish neighborhoods. Another Carmel neighborhood is Kababir, home to the National Headquarters of Israelâ€™s Ahmadiyya Community; located near Merkaz HaCarmel and overlooking the coast.

Urban development

(File:Sderot Ben Gurion Haifa IL WV.JPG|thumb|upright|Ben-Gurion Avenue and the German Colony)Recently, residential construction has been concentrated around Kiryat Haim and Kiryat Shmuel, with {{cvt|75000|mÂ²|0}} of new residential construction between 2002 and 2004, the Carmel, with {{cvt|70000|mÂ²|0}}, and Ramot Neve Shaâ€™anan with approximately {{cvt|70000|mÂ²|0}}WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf, Building, Haifa Municipality, Haifa Statistical Yearbook, 21 February 2008,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080409211937www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080409211937www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Building/Y2004/Download/BuildingDL.pdf, 9 April 2008, dead, Non-residential construction was highest in the Lower Town, (90,000 sq m), Haifa Bay (72,000 sq m) and Ramot Neve Shaâ€™anan (54,000 sq m). In 2004, 80% of construction in the city was private.Currently, the city has a modest number of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings.WEB,www.emporis.com/city/haifa-israel/high-rise-buildings, high-rise buildings | Buildings, Emporis, 12 March 2013, 7 April 2014,www.emporis.com/city/haifa-israel/high-rise-buildings," title="web.archive.org/web/20140407063705www.emporis.com/city/haifa-israel/high-rise-buildings,">web.archive.org/web/20140407063705www.emporis.com/city/haifa-israel/high-rise-buildings, dead, Though buildings rising up to 20 stories were built on Mount Carmel in the past, the Haifa municipality banned the construction of any new buildings taller than nine stories on Mount Carmel in July 2012.NEWS,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=844707, Gad Zeevi demands Haifa permit high-rises on the Carmel, Globes, 17 October 2004, 12 March 2013, 7 January 2013,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=844707," title="archive.today/20130107221734www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=844707,">archive.today/20130107221734www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=844707, live, The neighborhood of Wadi Salib, located in the heart of downtown Haifa, is being redeveloped. Most of its Jewish and Arab residents are considered squatters and have been gradually evicted over the years. The Haifa Economic Corporation Ltd is developing two 1,000 square meter lots for office and commercial use.Haifa Economic Corporation Ltd: Wadi Salib Haifa Economic Corporation {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Some historic buildings have been renovated and redeveloped, especially into nightclubs and theaters, such as the Palace of the Pasha, a Turkish bathhouse, and a Middle Eastern music and dance club, which has been converted into theaters and offices.In 2012, a new, massive development plan was announced for Haifaâ€™s waterfront. According to the plan, the western section of the cityâ€™s port will be torn down, and all port activity will be moved to the east. The west side of the port will be transformed into a tourism and nightlife center and a point of embarkation and arrival for sea travel through the construction of public spaces, a beach promenade, and the renovation of commercial buildings. The train tracks that currently bisect the city and separate the cityâ€™s beach from the rest of Haifa will also be buried.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html, Plan aims to turn Haifa into â€˜the Barcelona of Israelâ€™, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 12 March 2013, 26 February 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130226232047www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130226232047www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html, live, Shauli, Alphi, A park will be developed on the border of the Kishon River, the refineriesâ€™ cooling towers will be turned into a visitorsâ€™ center, and bridges will lead from the port to the rest of the city. Massive renovations are also currently underway in Haifaâ€™s lower town, in the Turkish market and Paris Square, which will become the cityâ€™s business center. In addition, the ammonia depository tank in the Haifa bay industrial zone will be dismantled, and a new one built in an alternative location.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4330877,00.html, Move of Haifa Bayâ€™s ammonia tank tangled in red tape, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 12 March 2013, 15 March 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4330877,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130315020714www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4330877,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130315020714www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4330877,00.html, live, Ben-David, Amir, File:The Carmelite Compound (8).jpg|thumb|The Carmelite Compound in Paris Square ]]Another plan seeks to turn the western section of Haifa Port into a major tourism and nightlife center, as well as a functioning point of embarkation and arrival for sea travel. All port activity will be moved to the western side, and the area will be redeveloped. Public spaces and a beach promenade will be developed, and commercial buildings will be renovated.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html, Plan aims to turn Haifa into â€˜the Barcelona of Israelâ€™, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 24 March 2013, 26 February 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130226232047www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130226232047www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4250979,00.html, live, Shauli, Alphi, As part of the development plans, the Israeli Navy, which has a large presence in Haifa, will withdraw from the shoreline between Bat Galim and Hof Hashaket. A {{cvt|5|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us|adj=on}} long esplanade which will encircle the shoreline will be constructed. It will include a bicycle path, and possibly also a small bridge under which navy vessels will pass on their way to the sea.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4312236,00.html, Haifa residents invited to â€˜smash wallâ€™, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 12 March 2013, 7 March 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4312236,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130307214453www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4312236,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130307214453www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4312236,00.html, live, Beno, Goel, In addition, a 50,000 square-meter entertainment complex that will contain a Disney theme park, cinemas, shops, and a 25-screen Multiplex theater will be built at the Check Post exit from the Carmel Tunnels.WEB,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000612861&fid=1124, NIS 600m Disney park, multiplex planned for Haifa, Globes, 3 January 2011, 12 March 2013, 4 April 2011,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000612861&fid=1124," title="web.archive.org/web/20110404063534www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000612861&fid=1124,">web.archive.org/web/20110404063534www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000612861&fid=1124, live, In 2014, a new major plan for the city was proposed, under which extensive development of residential, business, and leisure areas will take place with the target of increasing the cityâ€™s population by 60,000 by 2025. Under the plan, five new neighborhoods will be built, along with new high-tech parks. In addition, existing employment centers will be renovated, and new leisure areas and a large park will be built.WEB,www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-outline-plan-filed-for-objections-1000920431, Haifa outline plan filed for objections, Globes, 26 February 2014, 16 July 2014, 5 March 2014,www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-outline-plan-filed-for-objections-1000920431," title="web.archive.org/web/20140305044225www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-outline-plan-filed-for-objections-1000920431,">web.archive.org/web/20140305044225www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-outline-plan-filed-for-objections-1000920431, live, In 2016, a new plan for the city was approved. The plan included a new main downtown business district, the creation of a park in a current industrial area, new construction and renovation of public buildings and hubs of higher education, tourism, culture, commerce, leisure, and residence.

Economy

File:Haifa Refinery by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Haifa Oil Refinery ]](File:Matam hi-tech park (Haifa).jpg|thumb|Matam hi-tech park)The common Israeli saying, â€œHaifa works, Jerusalem prays, and Tel Aviv playsâ€ attests to Haifaâ€™s reputation as a city of workers and industry.NEWS, Tel Aviv: â€œHaifa works, Jerusalem prays, and Tel Aviv playsâ€,www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/middleeast/israel/721623/Tel-Aviv-%22Haifa-works,-Jerusalem-prays,-and-Tel-Aviv-plays%22.html, 23 March 2008, The Daily Telegraph, London, 14 November 2000,www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/middleeast/israel/721623/Tel-Aviv-%22Haifa-works%2C-Jerusalem-prays%2C-and-Tel-Aviv-plays%22.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415113817www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/middleeast/israel/721623/Tel-Aviv-%22Haifa-works%2C-Jerusalem-prays%2C-and-Tel-Aviv-plays%22.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080415113817www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/middleeast/israel/721623/Tel-Aviv-%22Haifa-works%2C-Jerusalem-prays%2C-and-Tel-Aviv-plays%22.html, 15 April 2008, dead, The industrial region of Haifa is in the eastern part of the city, around the Kishon River. It is home to the Haifa oil refinery, one of the two oil refineries in Israel (the other refinery being located in Ashdod). The Haifa refinery processes 9 million tons (66 million barrels) of crude oil a year.WEB,www.haifa-foundation.org/haifa_today.htm, Haifa Today, 21 March 2008, Haifa Foundation,www.haifa-foundation.org/haifa_today.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415062842www.haifa-foundation.org/haifa_today.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080415062842www.haifa-foundation.org/haifa_today.htm, 15 April 2008, dead, Its nowadays unused twin 80-meter high cooling towers, built in the 1930s, were the tallest buildings built in the British Mandate period.WEB,www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=haifaoilrefinerycoolingtowers-haifa-israel, Haifa Oil Refinery Cooling Towers, 17 February 2008, Emporis.com, 11 June 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200611073309/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/227526/haifa-oil-refinery-cooling-towers-haifa-israel, dead, Matam (short for Merkaz Taâ€™asiyot Mada â€“ Scientific Industries Center), the largest and oldest business park in Israel, is at the southern entrance to the city, hosting manufacturing and R&D facilities for a large number of Israeli and international hi-tech companies, such as Apple, Amazon, Abbot, Cadence, Intel, IBM, Magic Leap, Microsoft, Motorola, Google, Yahoo!, Elbit, CSR, Philips, PwC and Amdocs.WEB,www.american.edu/carmel/ab5293a/Casestudy/Israel/israel.htm, Israel, American.edu, 17 February 2008, 15 April 2008,www.american.edu/carmel/ab5293a/Casestudy/Israel/israel.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415082218www.american.edu/carmel/ab5293a/Casestudy/Israel/israel.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080415082218www.american.edu/carmel/ab5293a/Casestudy/Israel/israel.htm, live, The campus of the University of Haifa is also home to IBM Haifa Labs.WEB,www.haifa.il.ibm.com, IBM Haifa Labs, 27 January 2008, IBM Haifa Labs,www.haifa.il.ibm.com/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080308204625www.haifa.il.ibm.com/,">web.archive.org/web/20080308204625www.haifa.il.ibm.com/, 8 March 2008, dead, The Port of Haifa is the leader in passenger traffic among Israeli ports, and is also a major cargo harbor, although deregulation has seen its dominance challenged by the Port of Ashdod.WEB,www.haifaport.org.il/, Haifa Port, 27 January 2008, Haifa Port, dead,www.haifaport.org.il/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080124134947www.haifaport.org.il/,">web.archive.org/web/20080124134947www.haifaport.org.il/, 24 January 2008, Haifa malls and shopping centers include Hutsot Hamifratz, Horev Center Mall, Panorama Center, Castra Center, Colony Center (Lev HaMoshava), Haneviâ€™im Tower Mall, Kanyon Haifa, Lev Hamifratz Mall and Grand Kanyon.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.category.php/30, Haifa Shopping Centers, 19 February 2008, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 8 February 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/en" title="web.archive.org/web/20080208201401www.tour-haifa.co.il/en">web.archive.org/web/20080208201401www.tour-haifa.co.il/enmodules/article/view.category.php/30, live, In 2010, Monocle magazine identified Haifa as the city with the most promising business potential, with the greatest investment opportunities in the world. The magazine noted that â€œa massive head-to-toe regeneration is starting to have an impact; from scaffolding and cranes around town, to renovated faÃ§ades and new smart places to eatâ€. The Haifa municipality had spent more than $350 million on roads and infrastructure, and the number of building permits had risen 83% in the previous two years.NEWS, http:www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html, Haifa: Greatest business potential, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 24 March 2013, 8 July 2012,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120708230555www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120708230555www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988794,00.html, live, Petersburg, Ofer, In 2014, it was announced that a technology-focused stock exchange would be established to compete with the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.WEB,www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-plans-technology-stock-market-1000963887, Globes English - Haifa plans technology stock market, 2015-12-10, dead,www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-plans-technology-stock-market-1000963887," title="web.archive.org/web/20151222081450www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-plans-technology-stock-market-1000963887,">web.archive.org/web/20151222081450www.globes.co.il/en/article-haifa-plans-technology-stock-market-1000963887, 22 December 2015, Currently, some 40 hotels, mostly boutique hotels, are planned, have been approved, or are under construction. The Haifa Municipality is seeking to turn the city into Northern Israelâ€™s tourist center, from where travelers can embark on day trips into Acre, Nazareth, Tiberias, and the Galilee.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4319604,00.html, Dozens of hotels planned in Haifa, Ynetnews, Ynetnews.com, 20 June 1995, 12 March 2013, 8 March 2013,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4319604,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130308020733www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4319604,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130308020733www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4319604,00.html, live, Petersburg, Ofer, A new life sciences industrial park containing five buildings with 85,000 square meters of space on a 31-duman (7.75 acre) site is being built adjacent to the Matam industrial park.WEB,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000756854&fid=1124, Building to begin on Haifa life sciences park, Globes, 13 June 2012, 24 March 2013, 28 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210528161942/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000756854, live,

Tourism

{{See also|Terraces (BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã)}}File:Stella Maris Haifa.jpg|thumb|Interior of Stella Maris Monastery Stella Maris MonasteryIn 2005, Haifa had 13 hotels with a total of 1,462 rooms.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf, Hotels and Tourism, Haifa Statistical Yearbook, Haifa Municipality, 14 February 2008,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080226230016www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080226230016www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Tourism/Y2005/Download/Tourism2005.pdf, 26 February 2008, dead, {{update inline|date=January 2023}} The city has a {{cvt|17|km|mi|0}} shoreline, of which {{cvt|5|km|mi|0}} are beaches.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070330013119www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070330013119www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/LeisureActivity/Y2004/Download/LeisureActivityDL.pdf, dead, 30 March 2007, Leisure Activity, Haifa Statistical Yearbook, Haifa Municipality, 56, 14 February 2008, Haifaâ€™s main tourist attraction is the BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã World Centre, with the golden-domed Shrine of the BÃ¡b and the surrounding gardens. Between 2005 and 2006, 86,037 visited the shrine. In 2008, the BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã gardens were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.WEB,terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html, Terraces of the Shrine of the Bab, 11 April 2008, 23 April 2008,terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080423225420terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080423225420terraces.bahai.org/terraces.en.html, live, WEB,www.bahai.org/dir/bwc, Bahaâ€™i World Center, 20 March 2008, BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã International Community, 18 March 2008,www.bahai.org/dir/bwc," title="web.archive.org/web/20080318211852www.bahai.org/dir/bwc,">web.archive.org/web/20080318211852www.bahai.org/dir/bwc, live, The restored German Colony, founded by the Templers, Stella Maris and Elijahâ€™s Cave also draw many tourists.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2, Tours of Haifa, 11 April 2008, 15 April 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415121944www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2,">web.archive.org/web/20080415121944www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c14/118/p2, live, Located in the Haifa district are the Ein Hod artistsâ€™ colony, where over 90 artists and craftsmen have studios and exhibitions,WEB,www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm, Eih Hod, 20 January 2008, ddtrave-acc.com, 19 January 2008,www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080119025508www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080119025508www.ddtravel-acc.com/haifa.htm, live, and the Mount Carmel national park, with caves where Neanderthal and early Homo Sapiens remains were found.WEB,www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=852573, Mount Carmel National Park, 11 April 2008, dead,www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=852573," title="web.archive.org/web/20080302214342www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=852573,">web.archive.org/web/20080302214342www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=852573, 2 March 2008, A 2007 report commissioned by the Haifa Municipality calls for the construction of more hotels, a ferry line between Haifa, Acre and Caesarea, development of the western anchorage of the port as a recreation and entertainment area, and an expansion of the local airport and port to accommodate international travel and cruise ships.WEB,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html, Making Haifa into an international tourist destination, 30 May 2007, 10 March 2008, Haaretz, 15 April 2008,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415044437www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080415044437www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/864746.html, live,

Arts and culture

(File:South Dado Beach - Hof HaCarmel - Haifa (1506044661).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Promenade along Dado Beach)(File:Folk dancing in Dado Beach, Haifa 2015.JPG|thumb|Folk dancing on Dado Beach)Despite its image as a port and industrial city, Haifa is the cultural hub of northern Israel. During the 1950s, mayor Abba Hushi made a special effort to encourage authors and poets to move to the city, and founded the Haifa Theatre, a repertory theater, the first municipal theater founded in the country.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/enmodules/article/view.category.php/19, Culture & Leisure, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 18 February 2008, 11 April 2011, https:web.archive.org/web/20110411140703www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.category.php/19, live, The principal Arabic theater servicing the northern Arab population is the al-Midan Theater. Other theaters in the city include the Krieger Centre for the Performing Arts and the Rappaport Art and Culture Center. The Congress Center hosts exhibitions, concerts and special events.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148, The Congress Center, Haifa Municipality, 2 April 2008, 19 November 2010,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148," title="web.archive.org/web/20101119054714www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148,">web.archive.org/web/20101119054714www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c19/148, live, The New Haifa Symphony Orchestra, established in 1950, has more than 5,000 subscribers. In 2004, 49,000 people attended its concerts.WEB,www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp, Haifa Symphony, 20 January 2008, Haifa Symphony, dead,www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20071217224625www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20071217224625www.haifasymphony.co.il/eabout.asp, 17 December 2007, The Haifa Cinematheque, founded in 1975, hosts the annual Haifa International Film Festival during the intermediate days of the Sukkot holiday. Haifa has 29 movie theaters. The city publishes a local newspaper, Yediot Haifa,WEB,www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm, Israel Newspapers, 27 January 2008, Abyznewslinks.com, 8 December 2015,www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20151208085205www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20151208085205www.abyznewslinks.com/israe.htm, live, and has its own radio station, Radio Haifa.×¨×“×™×• ×—×™×¤×” - 107.5FMWEB,radiostationworld.com/Locations/Israel/Radio.asp, Radio Broadcasting Stations, 26 January 2008, Radiostationworld.com, 8 November 2017,radiostationworld.com/locations/israel/radio.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20171108125439radiostationworld.com/locations/israel/radio.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20171108125439radiostationworld.com/locations/israel/radio.asp, live, The Israeli Arabic-language newspapers Al-Ittihad and Al-Madina are also based in Haifa. During the 1990s, Haifa hosted the Haifa Rock & Blues Festival featuring Bob Dylan, Nick Cave, Blur and PJ Harvey. The last festival was held in 1995 with Sheryl Crow, Suede and Faith No More as headliners.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

Museums

(File:P1190557 - ×‘×™×ª ×”×˜×›× ×™×•×Ÿ ×”×”×™×¡×˜×•×¨×™ - ×”×—×¦×¨.JPG|thumb|upright|National Museum of Science, Haifa)Haifa has over a dozen museums.WEB,www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx, Haifa Museums, Get2Israel.com, 18 February 2008, dead,www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20080229091637www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20080229091637www.get2israel.com/Destinations/haifa.aspx, 29 February 2008, The most popular museum is the Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space, which recorded almost 150,000 visitors in 2004. The museum is located in the historic Technion building in the Hadar neighborhood. The Haifa Museum of Art houses a collection of modern and classical art, as well as displays on the history of Haifa. The Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art is the only museum in the Middle East dedicated solely to Japanese art. Other museums in Haifa include the Museum of Prehistory, the National Maritime Museum and Haifa City Museum, the Hecht Museum,WEB,mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx, Hecht Museum homepage, 13 October 2014, Hecht Museum,mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20141011210953mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20141011210953mushecht.haifa.ac.il/Default_eng.aspx, 11 October 2014, dead, the Dagon Archaeological Museum of Grain Handling,WEB,www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa, Dagan Grain Silo and Museum, Haifa, 13 October 2014, Nahariya.info â€“ Nahariya and the Western Galilee, 19 October 2014,www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa," title="web.archive.org/web/20141019110720www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa,">web.archive.org/web/20141019110720www.nahariya.info/blog/dagan-grain-silo-and-museum-haifa, dead, WEB,www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat=6&subcat=6.3&idNum=8175, Dagon Collection â€“ Archaeological Museum of Grain Handling in Israel, 13 October 2014, Israel Arts Directorye,www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat=6&subcat=6.3&idNum=8175," title="web.archive.org/web/20140812025851www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat=6&subcat=6.3&idNum=8175,">web.archive.org/web/20140812025851www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat=6&subcat=6.3&idNum=8175, 12 August 2014, dead, the Railway Museum, the Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum, the Israeli Oil Industry Museum, and Chagall Artistsâ€™ House. As part of his campaign to bring culture to Haifa, Mayor Abba Hushi provided the artist Mane-Katz with a building on Mount Carmel to house his collection of Judaica, which is now a museum.WEB,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123, The Mane Katz Museum, 25 January 2008, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 13 March 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123," title="web.archive.org/web/20080313222222www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123,">web.archive.org/web/20080313222222www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c21/123, live, The former home and studio of artist Hermann Struck is now the Hermann Struck Museum.NEWS, Kamin, Debra, Home of Haifa artist Hermann Struck is reborn as museum,www.timesofisrael.com/home-of-haifa-artist-hermann-struck-is-reborn-as-museum/, 9 January 2019, The Times of Israel, 3 October 2013, 16 November 2018,web.archive.org/web/20181116134941/https://www.timesofisrael.com/home-of-haifa-artist-hermann-struck-is-reborn-as-museum/, live, The Haifa Educational Zoo at Gan HaEm park houses a small animal collection including Syrian brown bears, now extinct from Israel. W×Ÿthin the zoo is the Pinhas House biology institute. In the close vicinity of Haifa, on the Carmel, the Northern â€œHai-Barâ€ (â€œwild lifeâ€œ) operated by Israelâ€™s Parks and Reserves Authority for the purpose of breeding and reintroduction of species now extinct from Israel, such as Persian Fallow Deer.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

Government

As an industrial port city, Haifa has traditionally been a Labor party stronghold. The strong presence of dock workers and trade unions earned it the nickname â€˜Red Haifa.â€™ In addition, many prominent Arabs in the Israeli Communist Party, among them Tawfik Toubi, Emile Habibi, Zahi Karkabi, Bulus Farah and Emile Toma, were from Haifa. (File:Haifa Courts.jpg|thumb|left|Haifa court building) There has been a drift toward the center.WEB,mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa, Haifa through the looking glass, 23 January 2008, 13 December 2005, Le Monde diplomatique, 24 November 2007,mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa," title="web.archive.org/web/20071124050903mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa,">web.archive.org/web/20071124050903mondediplo.com/2005/12/13haifa, live, WEB,www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html,www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120405160340www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120405160340www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-20132871.html, dead, 5 April 2012, â€˜Red Haifaâ€™ in revolt against Labor, 23 January 2008, Highbeam.com â€“ Originally from The Jerusalem Post, Jerusalem Post, 1 February 1999, WEB,www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm,www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070927081007www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070927081007www.islamicpluralism.org/articles/2006a/mysteriessafed.htm, 27 September 2007, The Mysteries of Safed, The Banners of Haifa, 26 July 2006, Stephen, Schwartz, 23 January 2008, Islampluralism.org, This was best signified by, in the 2006 legislative elections, the Kadima party receiving about 28.9% of the votes in Haifa, and Labor lagging behind with 16.9%.NEWS,www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html, Haifa 2006 election results, Yedioth Ahronoth, 23 January 2008, he, 16 April 2008,www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080416141101www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080416141101www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3233587,00.html, live, Before 1948, Haifaâ€™s Municipality was fairly unusual as it developed cooperation between the mixed Arab and Jewish community in the city, with representatives of both groups involved in the cityâ€™s management. Under mayor al-Haj, between 1920 and 1927, the city council had six Arab and two Jewish representatives, with the city run as a mixed municipality with overall Arab control. Greater cooperation was introduced under Hasan Bey Shukri, who adopted a positive and conciliatory attitude toward the cityâ€™s Jews and gave them senior posts in the municipality.WEB, Eyadat, Fadi,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1150667.html, Haifa honors first mayorâ€™s legacy of coexistence, Haaretz.com, 18 February 2010, 24 March 2013, In 1940, the first Jewish mayor, Shabtai Levy, was elected. Levyâ€™s two deputies were Arab (one Muslim, the other Christian), with the remainder of the council made up of four Jews and six Arabs.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=kUOK3a6hAMsC&q=haifa+municipality&pg=PA129, Mixed Towns, Trapped Communities: Historical Narratives, Spatial Dynamics, Daniel Monterescu, Dan Rabinowitz, 113â€“132, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 26 July 2009, 978-0-7546-4732-4, 2007, 28 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210528161910/https://books.google.com/books?id=kUOK3a6hAMsC&q=haifa+municipality&pg=PA129, live, Today, Haifa is governed by its 12th city council, headed by the mayor Einat Kalisch-Rotem. The results of municipal elections decide on the makeup of the council, similarly to the Knesset elections. The city council is the legislative council in the city, and has the authority to pass auxiliary laws.WEB,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080117042303www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/,">web.archive.org/web/20080117042303www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/, 17 January 2008, City Council Overview, he, Haifa Municipality, The 12th council, which was elected in 2003, has 31 members, with the liberal Shinui-Greens ticket holding the most seats (6), and Likud coming second with 5.WEB,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080117045014www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080117045014www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/members.htm, 17 January 2008, Members of the 12th City Council, he, Haifa Municipality, Many of the decisions passed by the city council are results of recommendation made by the various municipal committees, which are committees where non-municipal organs meet with representatives from the city council. Some committees are spontaneous, but some are mandatory, such as the security committee, tender committee and financial committee.WEB,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm,www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080117045017www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080117045017www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/he-IL/Municipality/Management/CityCouncil/vaadot.htm, 17 January 2008, Municipal Committees, he, Haifa Municipality,

Mayors

{{see also|Mayor of Haifa|Mayoral elections in Haifa}}(File:PikiWiki Israel 6692 haifa city hall.jpg|thumb|City hall){{Div col}}

Najib Effendi al-Yasin (1873â€“77)
Ahmad Effendi Jalabi (1878â€“81)
Mustafa Bey al-Salih (1881â€“84)
Mustafa Pasha al-Khalil (1885â€“1903)
Jamil Sadiq (1904â€“10)
Rifâ€™at al-Salah (1910â€“11)
Ibrahim al-Khalil (1911â€“13)
Abd al-Rahman al-Haj (1920â€“27)
Hassan Bey Shukri (1914â€“20, 1927â€“40)
Shabtai Levy (1940â€“51)
Abba Hushi (1951â€“1969)
Moshe Flimann (1969â€“1973)
Yosef Almogi (1974â€“1975)
Yeruham Zeisel (1975â€“1978)
Arie Gurâ€™el (1978â€“1993)
Amram Mitzna (1993â€“2003)
Giora Fisher (interim mayor, 2003)
Yona Yahav (2003â€“2018)
Einat Kalisch-Rotem (2018â€“present)

Medical facilities

(File:Rambam Health Care Campus Main Building.JPG|thumb|Rambam Medical Center)File:Technion â€“ Israel Institute of Technology19.jpg|thumb|The Technion is the first higher education institution with teaching the Hebrew language. It was listed multiple tilmes in the top 100 of the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities Academic Ranking of World Universities(File:Haifa U Rabin Building.jpg|thumb|Rabin Building, University of Haifa)Haifa medical facilities have a total of 4,000 hospital beds. The largest hospital is the government-operated Rambam HospitalWEB,www.rambam.org.il/Home+Page/Research/default.htm,www.rambam.org.il/Home+Page/Research/default.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20071108234444www.rambam.org.il/Home+Page/Research/default.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20071108234444www.rambam.org.il/Home+Page/Research/default.htm, dead, 8 November 2007, research at rambam, Rambam.org.il, 5 May 2009, with 900 beds and 78,000 admissions in 2004. Bnai Zion Medical Center and Carmel Hospital each have 400 beds. Other hospitals in the city include the Italian Hospital, Elisha Hospital (100 beds), Horev Medical Center (36 beds) and Ramat Marpe (18 beds). Haifa has 20 family health centers.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%20ServicesDL.pdf, Health Services, Haifa Municipality, Statistical Yearbook 2006, 21 March 2008,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%20ServicesDL.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080409211902www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%20ServicesDL.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080409211902www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Health/Y2005/Download/Health%20ServicesDL.pdf, 9 April 2008, dead, Data {{As of|2005|lc=y}} In 2004, there were a total of 177,478 hospital admissions. Rambam Medical Center was in the direct line of fire during the Second Lebanon War in 2006 and was forced to take special precautions to protect its patients.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5197326.stm, Haifa hospital in the firing line, Raffi, Berg, BBC News, 20 July 2006, 5 January 2010, 11 June 2020,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5197326.stm," title="web.archive.org/web/20200611073308news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5197326.stm,">web.archive.org/web/20200611073308news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5197326.stm, live, Whole wings of the hospital were moved to large underground shelters.NEWS,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html, Haifa hospital goes underground, Ynetnews, 18 February 2008, 7 August 2006, Ahiya, Raved, 15 April 2008,www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415055213www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080415055213www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3287614,00.html, live,

Education

(File:Haifa Nordfassade Ã‰cole des SÅ“urs de Nazareth.jpg|thumb|Nazareth Nunsâ€™ School, a prestigious Arabic school in Haifa.WEB, Ratner, David,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464, Haifaâ€™s Christian schools lead the league, Haaretz, 25 May 2004, 24 March 2013, 3 September 2017,www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464," title="web.archive.org/web/20170903212521www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464,">web.archive.org/web/20170903212521www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/haifa-s-christian-schools-lead-the-league-1.123464, live, )Haifa is home to two internationally acclaimed universities and several colleges. The University of Haifa, founded in 1963, is at the top of Mt. Carmel. The campus was designed by the architect of BrasÃlia and United Nations Headquarters in New York City, Oscar Niemeyer. The top floor of the 30-story Eshkol Tower provides a panoramic view of northern Israel. The Hecht Museum, with important archeology and art collections, is on the campus of Haifa University.The Technion â€“ Israel Institute of Technology, was founded in 1912, and became the first higher education institution where the language of teaching is Hebrew (see War of the Languages). It has 18 faculties and 42 research institutes. The original building now houses Israel National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space, also known as Madatech.The Hebrew Reali School was founded in 1913. It is the largest k-12 school in Israel, with 4,000 students in 7 branches, all over the city.The first technological high school in Israel, Bosmat, was established in Haifa in 1933. It was affiliated with the Technion. Because of financial difficulties, it was closed in 2007, and later re-established as part of the Mofet network, which was started by science teachers from the 1990s post-Soviet aliyah.NEWS,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html, The closing of a dream come true, 25 January 2008, Haaretz, 3 December 2007,www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071203085715www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071203085715www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/894017.html, live, Other academic institutions in Haifa are the Gordon College of Education and Shaâ€™anan Religious Teachersâ€™ College, the WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education,WEB,wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc=01031805, A Cross-Section of Israeli Reality, Here and Now, Wizodzn.ac.il, 22 September 2006, 24 March 2013, dead,wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc=01031805," title="web.archive.org/web/20130514150810wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc=01031805,">web.archive.org/web/20130514150810wizodzn.ac.il/article.asp?cc=01031805, 14 May 2013, and Tiltan College of Design. The Michlala Leminhal College of Management and the Open University of Israel have branches in Haifa. The city also has a nursing college and the P.E.T Practical Engineering School.Among Israeli higher education institutions the University of Haifa has the largest percentage (41%) of Arab-Israeli students.NEWS,www.haaretz.com/israel-news/number-of-arabs-in-israeli-higher-education-grew-79-in-seven-years-1.5763067, Number of Arabs in Israeli Higher Education Grew 79% in Seven Years, Dattel, Lior, 2018-01-24, Haaretz, 2020-01-12, en, 30 April 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220430160820/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/number-of-arabs-in-israeli-higher-education-grew-79-in-seven-years-1.5763067, live, The Technion Israel Institute of Technology has the second largest percentage (22.2%) of Arab-Israeli students.NEWS,www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/education/edlife/inside-the-technion-israels-premier-technological-institute-and-cornells-global-partner.html, Inside the Technion, Israelâ€™s premier technological institute and Cornellâ€™s global partner., The New York Times, Danna, Harman, 12 April 2013, NYTimes.com, 1 May 2022, 17 April 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190417165038/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/education/edlife/inside-the-technion-israels-premier-technological-institute-and-cornells-global-partner.html, live, WEB,www.technion.ac.il/en/2014/05/new-program-for-outstanding-arab-students-2/, Outstanding Arab Students, 21 May 2014, 25 July 2015, 17 April 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190417164207/https://www.technion.ac.il/en/2014/05/new-program-for-outstanding-arab-students-2/, live, {{As of|2006}}â€“07, Haifa had 70 elementary schools, 23 middle schools, 28 academic high schools and 8 vocational high schools. There were 5,133 pupils in municipal kindergartens, 20,081 in elementary schools, 7,911 in middle schools, 8,072 in academic high schools, 2,646 in vocational high schools, and 2,068 in comprehensive district high schools. 86% of the students attended Hebrew-speaking schools and 14% attended Arab schools. 5% were in special education.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf, Education, 14 February 2008, 1 June 2007, Haifa Municipality, Haifa Statistical Yearbook 2007,www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20080226230026www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20080226230026www1.haifa.muni.il/spru/doc/YB/Education/Y2007/Download/EducationDL.pdf, 26 February 2008, dead, In 2004, Haifa had 16 municipal libraries stocking 367,323 books. Two prestigious Arab schools in Haifa are the Orthodox School, run by the Greek Orthodox church, and the Nazareth Nunsâ€™ School, a Catholic institution. About 70% of Arab students in Haifa (Christians, Muslims, and Druze) attend Christian schools (6 schools) that found in the city.WEB,www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians, Israel: Hundreds protest against â€˜discriminatoryâ€™ school funding for Christians, 17 September 2015, i24NEWS, 27 April 2022, 15 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210515205433/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/85944-150916-israel-hundreds-protest-against-discriminatory-school-funding-for-christians, live,

Transportation

Public transportation

(File:The New Carmelit 08-10-2018.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The Carmelit is currently Israelâ€™s only subway system.)Haifa is served by six railway stations and the Carmelit, currently Israelâ€™s only subway system (another is planned in Tel Aviv). The Nahariyaâ€“Tel Aviv Coastal Railway main line of Israel Railways runs along the coast of the Gulf of Haifa and has six stations within the city. From south-west to north-east, these stations are: Haifa Hof HaCarmel, Haifa Bat Galim, Haifa Merkaz HaShmona, HaMifrats Central, Hutzot HaMifratz and Kiryat Haim. Together with the Kiryat Motzkin Railway Station in the northern suburb Kiryat Motzkin, they form the Haifa â€“ Krayot suburban line (â€œParvaritâ€œ).WEB,www.israrail.org.il/english/travel/map.html,www.israrail.org.il/english/travel/map.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070301032459www.israrail.org.il/english/travel/map.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070301032459www.israrail.org.il/english/travel/map.html, 1 March 2007, Railway Map, Israel Railways, 22 February 2008, There are direct trains from Haifa to Tel Aviv, Ben Gurion International Airport, Beersheba, Hadera, Herzliya, Modiâ€™in, Nahariya, Karmiel, Akko, Kiryat Motzkin, Binyamina, Lod, Ramla, Beit Shemesh and others.Haifaâ€™s intercity bus connections are operated almost exclusively by the Egged bus company, which operates two terminals:

HaMifratz Central Bus Station, adjacent to the HaMifrats Central Railway Station
Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station, adjacent to the Hof HaCarmel Railway Station

Lines to the North of the country use HaMifratz Central Bus Station and their coverage includes most towns in the North of Israel. Lines heading south use Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station.Destinations directly reachable from Hof HaCarmel CBS include Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Eilat, Raanana, Netanya, Hadera, Zikhron Yaâ€™akov, Atlit, Tirat Carmel, Ben Gurion International Airport and intermediate communities. There are also three Egged lines that have their terminus in the Ramat Vizhnitz neighborhood and run to Jerusalem, Bnei Brak and Ashdod. These used to be â€mehadrinâ€ (i.e. gender segregated) lines.All urban lines are run by Egged. There are also share taxis that run along some bus routes but do not have an official schedule. In 2006, Haifa implemented a trial network of neighborhood mini-buses â€“ named â€œShkhunatitâ€ and run by Egged.NEWS,fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150885952889&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull, Egged to start minibus project in Haifa, The Jerusalem Post, 9 June 2006, 22 February 2008, dead,fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150885952889&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull," title="web.archive.org/web/20110718110005fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150885952889&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull,">web.archive.org/web/20110718110005fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150885952889&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull, 18 July 2011, In December 2012, GetTaxi, an app and taxi service which allows users to hail a cab using their smartphone without contacting the taxi station (by identifying and summoning the closest taxi) began operating. In the current initial phase, 50 taxis from the service are operating in Haifa.WEB,www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000803404&fid=1725, GetTaxi extends service to Haifa, Globes, 4 December 2012, 13 October 2013, 28 May 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210528161926/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1000803404, live, File:Metronit track.jpg|thumb|Completed Metronit MetronitHaifa and the Krayot suburbs also have a new Phileas concept bus rapid transit system called the Metronit. These buses, operating with hybrid engines, follow optical strips embedded in designated lanes of roads, providing tram-like public transportation services. The Metronit consists of 100 18-meter buses, each with the capacity for 150 passengers, operating along {{cvt|40|km|0}} of designated roadways.WEB, Friedman, Ron,www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011, Haifa to get new â€˜Metronitâ€™ Bus Rapid Transit system by 2011 | JPost | Israel News, 7 September 2009, JPost, 13 October 2013, 5 August 2013,www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011," title="web.archive.org/web/20130805154046www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011,">web.archive.org/web/20130805154046www.jpost.com/Israel/Haifa-to-get-new-Metronit-Bus-Rapid-Transit-system-by-2011, live, WEB,www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php, Metronit, Yefenof.co.il, 22 February 2008, he,www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20080221164200www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php,">web.archive.org/web/20080221164200www.yefenof.co.il/pages/lighTrain.php, 21 February 2008, The new system officially opened on 16 August 2013 serving three lines.Haifa is one of the few cities in Israel where buses operate on Shabbat.WEB,www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html,www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080415053214www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080415053214www.frommers.com/destinations/haifa/3709010002.html, dead, 15 April 2008, Haifa: Planning a Trip, 22 February 2008, Frommerâ€™s, Frommers, Bus lines operate throughout the city on a reduced schedule from late Saturday morning onwards, and also connect Haifa with Nesher, Tirat Karmel, Yokneam, Nazareth, Nazareth Illit and intermediate communities. Since the summer of 2008, night buses are operated by Egged in Haifa (line 200) and the Krayot suburbs (line 210).WEB,www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6100, Night buses in Haifa & Krayot at the Egged official website, 19 November 2008, Egged, 11 June 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200611073308/https://www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6100, dead, During the summer of 2008 these lines operated 7 nights a week. Since 2013, along with route 1 of the Metronit, they operate 7 nights a week, making Haifa as the only city in Israel with 24/7 public transportation. Haifa is also the only city in Israel to operate a Saturday bus service to the beaches during summer time. Egged lines run during Saturday mornings from many neighborhoods to the Dado and Bat Galim beaches, and back in the afternoon.WEB,www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6096, Summer routes to the beaches at the Egged official website, 20 November 2008, Egged, 27 May 2011,www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6096," title="web.archive.org/web/20110527112602www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6096,">web.archive.org/web/20110527112602www.egged.co.il/Eng/Main.asp?lngCategoryID=6096, live, File:Haifa cable car.jpg|thumb|A Cable Car descending from Mount Carmel to Bat Galim]]The Haifa subway system is called Carmelit. It is a subterranean funicular railway, running from downtown Paris Square to Gan HaEm (Motherâ€™s Park) on Mount Carmel.WEB, The Carmelit,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159, 19 February 2008, Tour-Haifa.co.il, 4 May 2008,www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159," title="web.archive.org/web/20080504211823www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159,">web.archive.org/web/20080504211823www.tour-haifa.co.il/eng/modules/article/view.article.php/c10/159, live, With a single track, six stations and two trains, it is listed in Guinness World Records as the worldâ€™s shortest metro line. The Carmelit accommodates bicycles.Haifa also has two cable cars. The Bat Galim cable car consists of six cabins and connects Bat Galim on the coast to the Stella Maris observation deck and monastery atop Mount Carmel. It serves mainly tourists.WEB,www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html,www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080119220607www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080119220607www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html, 19 January 2008, Haifa, Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute, 22 February 2008, Opened in April 2022, Rakavlit, the second cable car, is a 4.4 kilometre commuter cable car service, running from HaMifratz Central Bus Station at the foot of Mount Carmel to the Technion, and then to the University of Haifa.WEB,www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp, ××ª×¨ ×¢×™×¨×™×™×ª ×—×™×¤×” â€“ ×¤×¨×•×™×™×§×˜×™×, .haifa.muni.il, 12 March 2013, dead,www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/Infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20130618062954www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/Infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20130618062954www1.haifa.muni.il/apps/project/Infrastructure/cablemifratz.asp, 18 June 2013,

Air and sea transport

(File:Port of Haifa 2752-1.jpg|thumb|The Port of Haifa)Haifa Airport serves international charters to Cyprus (Larnaca and Paphos).NEWS, Beginning in June: Direct flights from Haifa to Cyprus,www.israelnationalnews.com/news/371454, 22 May 2023, Israel National News, 15 May 2023, en, Before COVID-19 pandemic Haifa Airport operated flights to Egypt, Greece, Jordan and Turkey as well as domestic flights to Tel Aviv (Sde Dov Airport) and Eilat (Eilat Airport).There are currently plans to expand services from Haifa.

Roads

Travel between Haifa and the center of the country is possible by road with Highway 2, the main highway along the coastal plain, beginning at Tel Aviv and ending at Haifa. Furthermore, Highway 4 runs along the coast to the north of Haifa, as well as south, inland from Highway 2. In the past, traffic along Highway 2 to the north of Haifa had to pass through the downtown area of the city. The Carmel Tunnels, opened for traffic 1 December 2010, now route this traffic under Mount Carmel, reducing congestion in the downtown area.WEB,ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/, Carmel Tunnels, Israel MOF, 22 February 2008, dead,ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/," title="archive.today/20120712130111ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/,">archive.today/20120712130111ppp.mof.gov.il/Mof/PPP/MofPPPTopNavEnglish/MofPPPProjectsEnglish/PPPProjectsListEng/TashtiotTaburaEng/Carmeltunnels/, 12 July 2012,

Sports

File:SammyOferSTD.jpg|thumb|Sammy Ofer Stadium Sammy Ofer StadiumThe main stadiums in Haifa are: Sammy Ofer Stadium, a UEFA-approved 30,942-seat stadium, completed in 2014, replacing the 14,002-seat Kiryat Eliezer Stadium that was demolished 2016, Thomas Dâ€™Alesandro Stadium and Neve Shaâ€™anan Athletic Stadium that seats 1,000.WEB,www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml, Future Stadiums, World Stadiums, 17 February 2008, 12 June 2018,www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20180612141127www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20180612141127www.worldstadiums.com/stadium_menu/past_future/future_stadiums.shtml, live, The cityâ€™s two main football clubs are Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Haifa who both currently play in the Israeli Premier League and share the Sammy Ofer Stadium as their home pitch. Maccabi has won twelve Israeli titles, while Hapoel has won one.Haifa has 4 professional basketball clubs. Hapoel Haifa and Maccabi Haifa both play in the Israeli Basketball Super League, the top division. They both also play at the Romema Arena, which seats 5,000.Maccabi Haifa Women plays in Israeli Female Basketball Premier League 1 division.Hapoel Haifa Woman plays in the 3 division, the team plays at Kiryat Eliezer Arena.The city also has an American football club, the Haifa Underdogs, that are a part of the Israeli Football League and play in Yoqneam Stadium. The team lost in the championship game of the leagueâ€™s inaugural season, but won one title as part of American Football Israel, which merged with the Israeli Football League in 2005. The city has several clubs in the regional leagues, including Beitar Haifa in Liga Bet (the fourth tier) and Hapoel Ahva Haifa, F.C. Haifa Ruby Shapira and Maccabi Neve Shaâ€™anan Eldad in Liga Gimel (the fifth tier). The Haifa Hawks are an ice hockey team based out of the city of Haifa. They participate in the Israeli League, the top level of Israeli ice hockey. In 1996, the city hosted the World Windsurfing Championship. The Haifa Tennis Club, near the southwest entrance to the city, is one of the largest in Israel.WEB,www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx, IC Members Facilities, ic-tennis.org, 13 December 2009, dead,www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20090404013120www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20090404013120www.ic-tennis-gb.org/ReciprocalFacilities/tabid/69/Default.aspx, 4 April 2009, John Shecter, Olympic horse breeder and owner of triple cup champion Shergar was born here.

Notable people

Abed Abdi (born 1942), Arab Palestinian painter and sculptor
Ralph Bakshi (born 1938), animator and filmmaker
Orr Barouch (born 1991), footballer
Naftali Bennett (born 1972), politician
Aaron Ciechanover (born 1947), biologist; Nobel Prize, Chemistry
Jonathan Erlich (born 1977), tennis player
Ari Folman (born 1962), filmmaker, creator of Waltz with Bashir
Anastasia Gorbenko (born 2003), swimmer
Lea Gottlieb (1918â€“2012), founder and fashion designer of Gottex
Avram Hershko (born 1937), biochemist, 2004 Nobel Prize, Chemistry
Leila Khaled (born 1944), Palestinian refugee and former militant
Jonatan Kopelev (born 1991), swimmer
Shiri Maimon (born 1981), Hebrew singer, represented Israel in Eurovision 2005
Shahar Perkiss (born 1962), tennis player
Yehuda Poliker (born 1950), Hebrew songwriter and folk singer
Odeya Rush (born 1997), Hollywood actress and model
Yulia Sachkov (born 1999), world champion kickboxer
Gene Simmons (born 1949), musician
Josef Singer (1923â€“2009), President of Technion â€“ Israel Institute of Technology
Uri Sivan (born 1955), physicist, professor, and President of the Technion â€“ Israel Institute of Technology
Hillel Slovak (1962â€“1988), founding guitarist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers
Lior Suchard (born 1981), Mentalist or Mind Reader
Avi Wigderson (born 1956), mathematician and computer scientist, recipient of the 2021 Abel Prize

Twin towns â€“ sister cities

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel}}{{BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã sidebar}}Haifa is twinned with:WEB, ×§×©×¨×™× ×‘×™× ×œ××•×ž×™×™×,www.haifa.muni.il/city-and-muni/city-administration/international-relations/, haifa.muni.il, Haifa, he, 2021-12-20, 20 December 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211220100223/https://www.haifa.muni.il/city-and-muni/city-administration/international-relations/, live, {{div col|colwidth=21em}}

{{flagicon|FRA}} Marseille, France (1962)
{{flagicon|UK}} Portsmouth, United Kingdom (1962)
{{flagicon|UK}} Hackney, United Kingdom (1968)
{{flagicon|PHL}} Manila, Philippines (1971)
{{flagicon|USA}} San Francisco, United States (1973)
{{flagicon|DEN}} Aalborg, Denmark (1973)
{{flagicon|RSA}} Cape Town, South Africa (1975)
{{flagicon|GER}} Bremen, Germany (1978)
{{flagicon|UK}} Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (1979)
{{flagicon|BEL}} Antwerp, Belgium (1986)
{{flagicon|GER}} Mainz, Germany (1987)
{{flagicon|GER}} DÃ¼sseldorf, Germany (1988)
{{flagicon|ARG}} Rosario, Argentina (1988)
{{flagicon|UKR}} Odesa, Ukraine (1992)
{{flagicon|PRC}} Shanghai, China (1994)
{{flagicon|CYP}} Limassol, Cyprus (2000)
{{flagicon|USA}} Fort Lauderdale, United States (2002)
{{flagicon|GER}} Erfurt, Germany (2005)
{{flagicon|GER}} Mannheim, Germany (2005)
{{flagicon|CHN}} Shenzhen, China (2012)
{{flagicon|CHN}} Chengdu, China (2013)
{{flagicon|CHN}} Shantou, China (2015)

References

Sources

{{Citation |last= Lane-Poole |first= Stanley |author-link= Stanley Lane-Poole |title= Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem |publisher= G. P. Putnamâ€™s Sons |location= London |year= 1906 |series= Heroes of the Nations |url=books.google.com/books?id=M7pIVpjuyw0C }}

External links

{{Sister project links |voy=Haifa |wikt=no |q=no |s=no |b=no |v=no}}

EB1911, Haifa, 12, x,
City of Haifa

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Haifa

Etymology

Locations and names

Sycaminum and Efa

Porphyreon

Early Muslim Haifa

Crusader Caiphas

Late Ottoman â€œOld Haifaâ€

Haifa al-Jadida (New Haifa) and modern Haifa

History

Bronze Age: Tell Abu Hawam

In the Hebrew Bible

Persian and Hellenistic period: near Shikmona

Shikmona

Roman period

Byzantine period

Early Muslim period

Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule

Ottoman period

BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã­ faithâ€™s shrine

British Mandate

1947â€“1948 Civil War in Palestine

State of Israel

Demographics

Religious and ethnic communities

Geography

Flora and fauna

Climate

Neighborhoods

Urban development

Economy

Tourism

Arts and culture

Museums

Government

Mayors

Medical facilities

Education

Transportation

Public transportation

Air and sea transport

Roads

Sports

Notable people

Twin towns â€“ sister cities

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

Late Ottoman â€œOld Haifaâ€

BahÃ¡Ê¼Ã faithâ€™s shrine