GetWiki

{{Short description|Public university in Berkeley, California}}{{pp|small=yes}}{{Distinguish|Berkeley College (disambiguation)}}{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}

factoids

| parent = University of CaliforniaPublic university>Public land-grant research universityPUBLISHER=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 21/22 ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT >URL=HTTPS://FINREPORTS.UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA.EDU/INDEX.PHP?FILE=/21-22/ANNUAL-FINANCIAL-REPORT-2022.PDF PUBLISHER=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, | chancellor = Carol T. ChristBenjamin E. HermalinHOME {{!, Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost access-date=July 7, 2022 |website=evcp.berkeley.edu}}PUBLISHER=UC BERKELEY OFFICE OF PLANNING AND ANALYSIS, October 21, 2021, | undergrad = 32,479 (Fall 2022)| postgrad = 12,828 (Fall 2022)ACCESS-DATE=OCTOBER 24, 2021 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20211028170547/HTTPS://WWW.CITYOFBERKELEY.INFO/CITY_MANAGER/HOME/AB__WHAT_WE_DO.ASPX, dead, Berkeley, California>Berkeley| state = California| country = United StatesQ168756display=inline,title}}178haPUBLISHER=NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS, HTTPS://FACILITIES.BERKELEY.EDU/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/2019_UC_BERKELEY_ZERO_WASTE_PLAN_FINAL.PDF >TITLE=UC BERKELEY ZERO WASTE PLAN PAGE=5 ACCESS-DATE=OCTOBER 12, 2020, Total: {{Convertacreabbr=off}}| former_names = University of California (1868–1958)#003262}} Shades of blue#Berkeley blue {{color box>#FDB515}} Gold (color)#California (Berkeley) GoldPRIMARY PALETTES PUBLISHER=UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY ACCESS-DATE=MAY 7, 2017, NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision – Pac-12>Mountain Pacific Sports Federation>America East Conference>IRA}}California Golden Bears>Golden Bears| mascot = Oski the Bear| academic_affiliations = {{hlistAssociation of American Universities>AAUAssociation of Pacific Rim Universities>APRUInternational Alliance of Research Universities>IARUUniversities Research Association>URANational Space Grant College and Fellowship Program>Space-grant}}| free_label = Newspaper| free = The Daily Californianberkeley.edu}}}}The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California)WEB, Trademark Use Guidelines and Requirements,bcbp.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/TrademarkGuidelinesAndRequirements0102207.pdf, University of California, Berkeley, February 18, 2018, BOOK, The Berkeley Brand Manual, June 2019, University of California, Berkeley: Office of Communications and Public Affairs, Berkeley, 34,brand.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Berkeley-Brand-Manual-accessible.pdf, June 23, 2020, Our Name, June 7, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200607102255/https://brand.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Berkeley-Brand-Manual-accessible.pdf, dead, is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868 and named after Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley, it is the state’s first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system. Berkeley is also a founding member of the Association of American Universities. It has been regarded as one of the top universities in the world.Examples include:

1. NEWS, Selingo, Jeffrey, Our dangerous obsession with Harvard, Stanford and other elite universities,www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/04/05/our-dangerous-obsession-with-harvard-stanford-and-other-elite-universities/, The Washington Post, “…the Ivy League, along with Stanford, the University of Chicago, Duke, and a few elite public universities such as the University of Michigan, UC-Berkeley, and UNC-Chapel Hill are the pride of the American higher-education system around the world.”
2. JOURNAL, Thoenig, Jean-Claude, August 31, 2023, Organizational Governance and the Production of Academic Quality: Lessons from Two Top U.S. Research Universities,www.jstor.org/stable/43548922, Minerva, Springer, 52, 4, 381–417, 10.1007/s11024-014-9261-2, 43548922, “MIT and UCB were selected as two consistently top ranked universities internationally speaking, not only in terms of prestige in the eyes of international public opinion but also in terms of actual outputs as measured by metrics of excellence. They enjoy a very long tenure in the first decile whatever the classification used, and despite the fact that ranking agencies do not allocate the same weight to excellence and prestige indicators. Once they reach the top, they seem to remain there forever, despite increasingly tough competition from research universities who all vie to join the academic heavens”

Berkeley is classified among “R1: Doctoral Universities—Very high research activity” and has three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory).WEB, UC National Laboratories {{!, UCOP |url=https://www.ucop.edu/laboratory-management/index.html |access-date=April 6, 2018 |website=www.ucop.edu |language=en}} Between 2001 and 2010, it was the No. 1 recipient of National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships with 1,333 awards. In 2021, the funding for research and development exceeded $1 billion.WEB,news.berkeley.edu/2021/08/16/campus-funding-for-sponsored-research-tops-1-billion-for-first-time/, Table 20. Campus funding for sponsored research tops $1 billion for first time, August 16, 2021, Berkeley News, August 16, 2021, Thirty-two libraries compose the Berkeley library system, which is the sixth largest research library by number of volumes in the United States.WEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/files/UCBLibraryFacts.pdf, Berkeley Library Facts, www.lib.berkeley.edu, WEB,www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/gard.html, New addition to UC Berkeley Main Library dedicated to former UC President David Gardner, Berkeley.edu, June 12, 1997, June 8, 2012, WEB,www.ala.org/tools/libfactsheets/alalibraryfactsheet22, The Nation’s Largest Libraries, American Library Association, July 7, 2006,web.archive.org/web/20221125040025/https://www.ala.org/tools/libfactsheets/alalibraryfactsheet22, November 25, 2022, Berkeley’s athletic teams, the California Golden Bears, compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 107 national championships and 223 Olympic medals (121 gold).WEB, California Golden Bears Olympic Medals,calbears.com/sports/2013/4/17/208193984.aspx, March 14, 2021, University of California Golden Bears Athletics, en, WEB, Cal National Champions,calbears.com/sports/2013/4/17/208216519.aspx, March 14, 2021, University of California Golden Bears Athletics, en, Berkeley’s alumni, faculty, and researchers include 260 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows,WEB,news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/nine-faculty-elected-to-american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences/, Nine faculty elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences, news.berkeley.edu, April 23, 2020, August 18, 2020, 190 recipients of the MacArthur Fellowship,WEB, Rachel Sugar, May 29, 2015, Where MacArthur ‘Geniuses’ Went to College,www.businessinsider.com/where-macarthur-geniuses-went-to-college-2015-5, November 5, 2020, Business Insider, en, 144 members of the National Academy of Sciences,WEB,admissions.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/K15224-Cal-Facts-2022-Self-Cover-Web-RDcd.pdf, Cal Facts, admissions.berkeley.edu, en-US, February 22, 2023, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 125 Sloan Fellows, 75 members of the National Academy of Engineering,WEB, National Academy of Engineering members,engineering.berkeley.edu/academics/faculty/faculty-honors-awards/national-academy-engineering-members, Berkeley Engineering, August 18, 2020, 68 recipients of the National Medal of Science, 34 Pulitzer Prize winners, 30 Wolf Prize winners, 25 Turing Award winners, 19 Academy Award winners, and 14 Fields Medalists.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/about/honors/, About UC Berkeley: Honors and Awards, Berkeley.edu, June 8, 2012, dead,www.berkeley.edu/about/honors," title="web.archive.org/web/20080704130609www.berkeley.edu/about/honors,">web.archive.org/web/20080704130609www.berkeley.edu/about/honors, July 4, 2008,

History

File:Berkeley glade afternoon.jpg|thumb|right|View from Memorial Glade of Sather TowerSather TowerFile:CampanileMtTamalpiasSunset-original.jpg|thumb|Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over San Francisco Bay and Mount TamalpaisMount Tamalpais

Founding

Made possible by President Lincoln’s signing of the Morrill Act in 1862, the University of California was founded in 1868 as the state’s first land-grant university, inheriting the land and facilities of the private College of California and the federal-funding eligibility of a public agricultural, mining, and mechanical arts college.BOOK, Stadtman, Verne A., The University of California, 1868–1968,archive.org/details/universityofcali00stad, registration, 1970, McGraw-Hill, New York, 34, The Organic Act states that the “University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and professional pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions.“WEB, History of UC Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley,berkeley.edu/about/hist/index.shtml,berkeley.edu/about/hist/index.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20101123024409berkeley.edu/about/hist/index.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20101123024409berkeley.edu/about/hist/index.shtml, November 23, 2010, Founded in the wake of the gold rush by leaders of the newly established 31st state, the University of California’s flagship campus at Berkeley has become one of the preeminent universities in the world., dead, WEB, Berdahl, Robert, Robert M. Berdahl, October 8, 1998, The Future of Flagship Universities,cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm, dead,cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110511120058cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110511120058cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm, May 11, 2011, University of California, Berkeley, The issue I want to talk about tonight is the future of “flagship” universities, institutions like the University of Texas at Austin, or Texas A&M at College Station, or the University of California, Berkeley. This is not an easy topic to talk about for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the fact that those of us in “systems” of higher education are frequently actively discouraged from using the term “flagship” to refer to our campuses because it is seen as hurtful to the self-esteem of colleagues at other institutions in our systems., Ten faculty members and forty male students made up the fledgling university when it opened in Oakland in 1869.WEB, A brief history of the University of California,www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programprograms-and-initiatives/faculty-resources-advancement/faculty-handbook-sections/brief-history.html, August 23, 2020, University of California Office of the President, October 21, 2020, https:web.archive.org/web/20201021131936www.ucop.edu/academic-personnel-programprograms-and-initiatives/faculty-resources-advancement/faculty-handbook-sections/brief-history.html, dead, Frederick Billings, a trustee of the College of California, suggested that a new campus site north of Oakland be named in honor of Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley.WEB, http:berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter2.html, Berkeley, A City in History, Wollenberg, Charles, 2002, Chapter 2: Tale of Two Towns, Berkeley Public Library, June 6, 2009, dead,www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter2.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090612053620www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter2.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090612053620www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org/system/Chapter2.html, June 12, 2009, The university began admitting women the following year.WEB,campusclimate.berkeley.edu/students/centers-educational-justice-community-engagement/gender-equity-resource-center/resources, A History of Women at Cal {{!, Campus Climate, Community Engagement & Transformation |website=Campus Climate at Berkeley |language=en |access-date=October 8, 2019}} In 1870, Henry Durant, founder of the College of California, became its first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students.WEB,content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb4v19n9zb;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00459&toc.depth=1&toc.id=div00015&brand=calisphere, The Centennial of The University of California, 1868–1968, June 10, 2016, WEB,sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucb/overview.html, University of California History Digital Archives, November 30, 2008, The first female student to graduate was in 1874, admitted in the first class to include women in 1870.WEB, Smith, Mackenzie, 2018, Celebrating Women at Rausser College, Past & Present,nature.berkeley.edu/150/celebrating-cnr-women, March 13, 2021, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst funded several programs and new buildings and, in 1898, sponsored an international competition in Antwerp, where French architect Émile Bénard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan.

20th century

In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/about/history/, UC Berkeley, About UC Berkeley â€“ History, November 30, 2008, dead,www.berkeley.edu/about/history," title="web.archive.org/web/20080905155320www.berkeley.edu/about/history,">web.archive.org/web/20080905155320www.berkeley.edu/about/history, September 5, 2008, In 1919, Los Angeles State Normal School became the southern branch of the university, which ultimately became the University of California, Los Angeles.WEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucla/index.html, University of California History Digital Archives: Los Angeles General History., Douglass, John, Thomas, Sally, www.lib.berkeley.edu, en, March 17, 2019, By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings in Berkeley had grown substantially and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/news/multimedia/2003/03/jgh/index.shtml, John Galen Howard and the design of the City of Learning, the UC Berkeley campus, UC Berkeley, December 24, 2010, In 1917, one of the nation’s first ROTC programs was established at BerkeleyWEB,army.berkeley.edu/, History of Army ROTC, UC Berkeley Army ROTC, July 18, 2016, and its School of Military Aeronautics began training pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle. In 1926, future Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval ROTC unit at Berkeley.WEB,www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/CA.html, U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State, Patrick Clancey, March 19, 2012, Berkeley ROTC alumni include former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, Army Chief of Staff Frederick C. Weyand, sixteen other general officers, ten Navy flag officers, and AFROTC alumna Captain Theresa Claiborne.WEB,army.berkeley.edu/alumni/, Alumni, army.berkeley.edu, August 18, 2020, May 3, 2020,army.berkeley.edu/alumni/," title="web.archive.org/web/20200503154957army.berkeley.edu/alumni/,">web.archive.org/web/20200503154957army.berkeley.edu/alumni/, dead, In the 1930s, Ernest Orlando Lawrence helped establish the Radiation Laboratory (now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and invented the cyclotron, which won him the Nobel physics prize in 1939.WEB,www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939, www.nobelprize.org, August 18, 2017, Using the cyclotron, Berkeley professors and Berkeley Lab researchers went on to discover sixteen chemical elements—more than any other university in the world.WEB,www2.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/new-elements-here.html, Chemical Elements Discovered at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, June 7, 1999, Lbl.gov, March 7, 2016, WEB,alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/spring-2014-branding/branding-elements-berkeley-stakes-its-claims-periodic-table, Branding the Elements: Berkeley Stakes its Claims on the Periodic Table, Cal Alumni Association, March 7, 2016, March 20, 2014, In particular, during World War II and following Glenn Seaborg’s then-secret discovery of plutonium, Lawrence’s Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.WEB,www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml, Manhattan Project Chronology, atomicarchive.com, November 30, 2008,www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20081030013430www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20081030013430www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml, October 30, 2008, dead, WEB,www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=205, Atomic History â€“ Early Government Support, Atomic Heritage Foundation, November 30, 2008, January 4, 2009,www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=205," title="web.archive.org/web/20090104013134www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=205,">web.archive.org/web/20090104013134www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=205, dead, Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley founded and was then a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).In 1952, the University of California reorganized itself into a system of semi-autonomous campuses, with each campus given a chancellor, and Clark Kerr became Berkeley’s first Chancellor, while Robert Sproul remained in place as the President of the University of California. Berkeley gained a worldwide reputation for political activism in the 1960s. In 1964, the Free Speech Movement organized student resistance to the university’s restrictions on political activities on campus—most conspicuously, student activities related to the Civil Rights Movement.WEB,sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html, Days of Cal â€“ Berkeley in the 60s, November 30, 2008, June 22, 2008,sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080622152249sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080622152249sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html, dead, NEWS,www.admitsee.com/blog/10-fun-facts-about-uc-berkeley, 10 Fun Facts about UC Berkeley {{!, AdmitSee |access-date=August 1, 2017}}The arrest in Sproul Plaza of Jack Weinberg, a recent Berkeley alumnus and chair of Campus CORE, prompted a series of student-led acts of formal remonstrance and civil disobedience that ultimately gave rise to the Free Speech Movement, which movement would prevail and serve as a precedent for student opposition to America’s involvement in the Vietnam War.JOURNAL, Cohen, Robert, Dec 2015, Teaching about the Berkeley Free Speech Movement,www.fsm-a.org/FSM%20Documents/TeachingFSM%20by%20Robert%20Cohen.pdf, National Council for the Social Studies—Social Education, 75, 5, 301–308, August 15, 2020, WEB,fsm.berkeley.edu/, Berkeley FSM {{!, Free Speech Movement 50th Anniversary |website=fsm.berkeley.edu |language=en-US |access-date=January 19, 2017}}WEB,picturethis.museumca.org/timeline/unforgettable-change-1960s/free-speech-movement/info, Unforgettable Change: 1960s: Free Speech Movement & The New American Left {{!, Picture This |website=picturethis.museumca.org |language=en |access-date=January 19, 2017}} In 1982, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) was established on campus with support from the National Science Foundation and at the request of three Berkeley mathematicians—Shiing-Shen Chern, Calvin Moore, and Isadore M. Singer. The institute is now widely regarded as a leading center for collaborative mathematical research, drawing thousands of visiting researchers from around the world each year.WEB,www.msri.org/web/msri/about-msri/our-mission, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, MSRI, www.msri.org, August 18, 2017, WEB,www.ams.org/programs/diversity/ProgramDescription_MSRI_2012v2.pdf, MSRI, AMS, August 18, 2017, August 9, 2020,www.ams.org/programs/diversity/ProgramDescription_MSRI_2012v2.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20200809172945www.ams.org/programs/diversity/ProgramDescription_MSRI_2012v2.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20200809172945www.ams.org/programs/diversity/ProgramDescription_MSRI_2012v2.pdf, dead,

21st century

In the current century, Berkeley has become less politically active, although more liberal.WEB, Powell, Bonnie Azab, January 24, 2005, Berkeley freshmen are more liberal and less religious than their national counterparts – but survey finds their views are closer than labels suggest,www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/24_freshmen.shtml, February 29, 2008, UC Berkeley News, NEWS,www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/01/09/elec04.berkeley/, Examining Berkeley’s liberal legacy, Doty, Meriah, February 5, 2004, CNN, February 20, 2008, Democrats outnumber Republicans on the faculty by a ratio of nine to one, which is a ratio similar to that of American academia generally.NEWS, Tierney, John, November 18, 2004, Republicans Outnumbered in Academia, Studies Find, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/education/18faculty.html, January 16, 2008, The school has become more focused on STEM disciplines and fundraising.WEB,vca.berkeley.edu/news/berkeley-celebrates-record-breaking-year-fundraising, Berkeley celebrates record-breaking year in fundraising, vca.berkeley.edu, July 22, 2022, {{citation |title=Giving to Colleges Rises |publisher=Inside Higher Ed |date=February 6, 2018 |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/02/06/personal-giving-pushes-donations-colleges-and-universities-new-level-2017/}}{{citation |title=20 Elite Universities Received 28% of College Donations Last Year |publisher=MarketWatch |date=February 20, 2019 |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/these-20-colleges-took-in-28-of-donations-to-universities-last-year-they-educate-16-of-undergrads-2019-02-11/}} In 2007, the Energy Biosciences Institute was established with funding from BP and Stanley Hall, a research facility and headquarters for the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, opened. Supported by a grant from alumnus James Simons, the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing was established in 2012. In 2015, Berkeley and its sister campus, UCSF, established the Innovative Genomics Institute to develop CRISPR gene editing, and, in 2020, an anonymous donor pledged $252 million to help fund a new center for computing and data science. For the 2020 fiscal year, Berkeley set a fundraising record, receiving over $1 billion in gifts and pledges, and two years later, it broke that record, raising over $1.2 billion.{{citation |title=Major Gifts to Higher Education |publisher=The Chronicle of Higher Education |date=March 3, 2020 |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264/}}REPORT, Annual Report on University Private Support: 2019–20, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, 18, REPORT, Annual Report on University Private Support: 2021–22, University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA, 18, In April 2024, Berkeley students joined other campuses across the United States in protests against the Israel–Hamas war and the genocide in Gaza. Students set up encampments and a Muslim law student, Malak Afaneh, was ejected for protesting at a law school dinner held at a dean’s home.NEWS, Cosgrove, Jaclyn, April 25, 2024, Pro-Palestinian protests grow at California campuses as opposing demonstrators clash at UCLA,www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/pro-palestinian-protests-grow-at-california-campuses-as-opposing-demonstrators-clash-at-ucla/ar-AA1nG0Wi, April 30, 2024, LA Times, NEWS, Hayes, Kelly, April 29, 2024, Berkeley’s Free Palestine Encampment Draws on Legacy of Palestinian Protests,truthout.org/articles/berkeleys-free-palestine-encampment-draws-on-legacy-of-palestinian-protests/, April 30, 2024, Truth Out, NEWS, Ewe, Koh, April 12, 2024, Berkeley Law Student Protests at Dean’s House: How Experts and Advocates Are Reacting,time.com/6966194/berkeley-law-school-muslim-student-protest-erwin-chemerinsky-free-speech/, April 30, 2024, Time, The student protestors demanded an end to the war in Gaza and the university’s divestment from companies with ties to Israel.NEWS, Castañeda, Carlos, April 23, 2024, Protesters set up encampment at UC Berkeley to demand end to Gaza war, divestment from Israel,www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/uc-berkeley-sproul-plaza-pro-palestinian-protests-gaza-israel/, April 30, 2024, CBS News,

Controversies

• Various research ethics, human rights, and animal rights advocates have been in conflict with Berkeley. Native Americans contended with the school over repatriation of remains from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.NEWS, Paddock, Richard, January 12, 2008, Native Americans Say Berkeley Is No Place for Their Ancestors,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jan-13-me-bones13-story.html,www.latimes.com/news/local/la-adme-bones13jan13,0,2942194.story," title="web.archive.org/web/20080116095203www.latimes.com/news/local/la-adme-bones13jan13,0,2942194.story,">web.archive.org/web/20080116095203www.latimes.com/news/local/la-adme-bones13jan13,0,2942194.story, January 16, 2008, live, Los Angeles Times, December 23, 2020, Alternate URL. Student activists have urged the university to cut financial ties with Tyson Foods and PepsiCo.WEB, August 25, 2021, Activists hold graphic protest against university’s Tyson Foods contract,sfbayca.com/2021/08/25/uc-berkeley-animal-protest/, May 26, 2022, SFBay, en-US, WEB, Sairam, Amudha, Finman, Kate, October 30, 2020, ASUC Senate promotes student advocacy initiatives,www.dailycal.org/2020/10/30/asuc-senate-promotes-student-advocacy-initiatives/, May 26, 2022, The Daily Californian, en-US, WEB, Corporate University: How Pour Out Pepsi is Democratizing UC Berkeley,theleaflet.org/home-1/pour-out-pepsi, May 26, 2022, The Leaflet, April 28, 2021, en-US, Faculty member Ignacio Chapela prominently criticized the university’s financial ties to Novartis.WEB, Burress, Charles, May 21, 2005, BERKELEY / Embattled UC teacher is granted tenure / Critic of campus’ ties with biotech lost initial bid,www.sfgate.com/education/article/BERKELEY-Embattled-UC-teacher-is-granted-tenure-2669634.php, June 23, 2022, SFGATE, en-US, PETA has challenged the university’s use of animals for research and argued that it may violate the Animal Welfare Act.WEB, Anna Armstrong, May 17, 2022, ‘Unchecked pain and misery’: PETA files complaint against campus labs,www.dailycal.org/2022/05/16/unchecked-pain-and-misery-peta-files-complaint-against-berkeley-labs/, June 23, 2022, The Daily Californian, en-US, WEB, June 21, 2022, Dehydrated monkeys with “sunken eyes” found suffering at UC Berkeley lab,www.newsweek.com/dehydrated-monkeys-sunken-eyes-suffering-berkeley-lab-1717504, June 23, 2022, Newsweek, en,
• Cal’s Memorial Stadium reopened in September 2012 after renovations. The university incurred a controversial $445 million of debt for the stadium and a new $153 million student athletic center, which it financed with the sale of special stadium endowment seats.WEB,sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cal-stadium-renovation-leaves-school-huge-debt-pay-173428997.html, Cal’s new stadium renovation leaves school with huge debt to pay off, Schwab, Frank, June 17, 2013, Yahoo! Sports, June 28, 2013, June 24, 2013,sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cal-stadium-renovation-leaves-school-huge-debt-pay-173428997.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130624091459sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cal-stadium-renovation-leaves-school-huge-debt-pay-173428997.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130624091459sports.yahoo.com/blogs/ncaaf-dr-saturday/cal-stadium-renovation-leaves-school-huge-debt-pay-173428997.html, dead, The roughly $18 million interest-only annual payments on the debt consumes 20 percent of Cal’s athletics’ budget; principal repayment begins in 2032 and is scheduled to conclude in 2113.NEWS, Asimov, Nanette, June 17, 2013, Cal scrambling to cover stadium bill,www.sfchronicle.com/collegesports/article/Cal-scrambling-to-cover-stadium-bill-4604221.php, San Francisco Chronicle, July 20, 2013,
• On May 1, 2014, Berkeley was named one of fifty-five higher education institutions under investigation by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights “for possible violations of federal law over the handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints” by the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault.PRESS RELEASE, U.S. Department of Education Releases List of Higher Education Institutions with Open Title IX Sexual Violence Investigations,www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-releases-list-higher-education-institutions-open-title-i, U.S. Department of Education, July 14, 2014, Investigations continued into 2016, with hundreds of pages of records released in April 2016, showing a pattern of documented sexual harassment and firings of non-tenured staff.WEB,www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/06/uc-berkeley-staff-sexual-harassment-scandal, Disturbing details of sexual harassment scandal at UC Berkeley revealed in files, Sam Levin, The Guardian, April 6, 2016,
• On July 25, 2019, Berkeley was removed from the U.S. News Best Colleges Ranking for misreporting statistics. Berkeley had originally reported that its two-year average alumni giving rate for fiscal years 2017 and 2016 was 11.6 percent, U.S. News said. The school later told U.S. News the correct average alumni giving rate for the 2016 fiscal year was just 7.9 percent. The school incorrectly overstated its alumni giving data to U.S. News since at least 2014. The alumni giving rate accounts for five percent of the Best Colleges ranking.WEB,www.cbsnews.com/news/uc-berkeley-and-four-other-schools-removed-from-best-colleges-list-for-misreporting-statistics/, O’Kane, Caitlin, UC Berkeley and four other schools removed from Best Colleges list for misreporting statistics, CBS News, en-US, July 30, 2019, July 29, 2019,
• Berkeley community members have criticized UC Berkeley’s increasing enrollment. Berkeley residents filed a lawsuit alleging that the university’s expanding enrollment violated the California Environmental Quality Act and that the area lacked the infrastructure to support more students.MAGAZINE, Chotiner, Isaac, April 28, 2022, A Clash Over Housing Pits U.C. Berkeley Against Its Neighbors,www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/a-clash-over-housing-pits-uc-berkeley-against-its-neighbors, May 26, 2022, The New Yorker, en-US, Critics of the lawsuit accused these community members of NIMBYism.WEB, Lowrey, Annie, February 26, 2022, NIMBYism Reaches Its Apotheosis,www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/02/uc-berkeley-university-enrollment-nimby/622927/, May 26, 2022, The Atlantic, en, WEB, Gohlke, Josh, February 17, 2022, UC Berkeley enrollment freeze shows CA NIMBYism run amok,www.sacbee.com/opinion/article258438388.html, May 26, 2022, The Sacramento Bee, WEB, Demsas, Jerusalem, May 24, 2022, The People Who Hate People,www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/05/population-growth-housing-climate-change/629952/, May 26, 2022, The Atlantic, en, In August 2021, a judge from the Superior Court of Alameda County ruled in favor of the residents, and on March 3, 2022, the California Supreme Court also ruled in favor of the residents, saying that the university needed to freeze its admission rates at 2020–2021 levels.NEWS, Levenson, Michael, March 3, 2022, U.C. Berkeley Must Freeze Enrollment, California Supreme Court Says, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/us/uc-berkeley-admissions-enrollment.html, May 26, 2022, 0362-4331, On March 11, 2022, state legislators released a proposal to change CEQA to exempt the university from its restrictions.NEWS, Hubler, Shawn, March 11, 2022, Legislators Find Way to Let U.C. Berkeley Increase Its Enrollment, en-US, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2022/03/11/us/berkeley-enrollment-ceqa.html, May 26, 2022, 0362-4331, On March 14, Gavin Newsom signed the bill into law.WEB, Wilson, Reid, March 15, 2022, California Gov. Newsom raises UC Berkeley enrollment cap,thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/598222-california-gov-newsom-raises-uc-berkeley-enrollment-cap/, May 26, 2022, The Hill, en-US, Berkeley has continued to face a housing shortage.WEB, June 21, 2022, UC Berkeley housing shortage leaves students scrambling,www.mercurynews.com/2022/06/21/uc-berkeley-housing-shortage-leaves-students-scrambling, June 23, 2022, East Bay Times, en-US,

Organization and administration

Name

Officially named the “University of California, Berkeley” it is often shortened to “Berkeley” in general reference or in an academic context (Berkeley Law, Berkeley Engineering, Berkeley Haas, Berkeley Public Health) and to “California” or “Cal” particularly when referring to its athletic teams (California Golden Bears).WEB, Editorial Style Guide,campaignidentity.berkeley.edu/language/editorial-style-guide/, June 26, 2020, Light the Way: The Campaign for Berkeley, en, In August 2022, a university task force was formed which recommended renaming the athletic identity to “Cal Berkeley” to further tie the athletic brand to academic prestige, and reduce public confusion.NEWS, September 21, 2023, Do you call it Cal or Berkeley? UC school may rebrand to Cal Berkeley for sports, en-US, Los Angeles Times,www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-09-21/cal-berkeley-uc-school-may-rebrand-sports-california-golden-bears, October 9, 2023,

Governance

The University of California is governed by a twenty-six member Board of Regents, eighteen of whom are appointed by the Governor of California to 12-year terms. The board also has seven ex officio members, a student regent, and a non-voting student regent-designate.WEB,www.universityofcalifornia.edu/aboutuc/governance.html, About UC â€“ Shared Governance, The University of California,web.archive.org/web/20081204194008/https://universityofcalifornia.edu/aboutuc/governance.html, December 4, 2008, dead, November 30, 2008, Prior to 1952, Berkeley was the University of California, so the university president was also Berkeley’s chief executive. In 1952, the university reorganized itself into a system of semi-autonomous campuses, with each campus having its own chief executive, a chancellor, who would, in turn, report to the president of the university system. Twelve vice-chancellors report directly to Berkeley’s chancellor, and the deans of the fifteen colleges and schools report to the executive vice chancellor and provost, Berkeley’s chief academic officer.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/admin/pdf/senior.pdf, Organizational Chart â€“ Senior Administration, UC Berkeley,www.berkeley.edu/admin/pdf/senior.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20081217080423www.berkeley.edu/admin/pdf/senior.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20081217080423www.berkeley.edu/admin/pdf/senior.pdf, December 17, 2008, dead, November 30, 2008, Twenty-three presidents and chancellors have led Berkeley since its founding.WEB,chancellor.berkeley.edu/chancellors, Past Chancellors, berkeley.edu, WEB, UC Presidents,sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html, dead,sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090309090025sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090309090025sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html, March 9, 2009, November 30, 2008, University of California History Digital Archives, {|Presidents

• 1868–1869 Henry Durant
• 1869–1870 John LeConte
• 1870–1872 Henry Durant
• 1872–1875 Daniel Coit Gilman
• 1875–1881 John LeConte
• 1881–1885 W.T. Reid
• 1885–1888 Edward S. Holden
• 1888–1890 Horace Davis
• 1890–1899 Martin Kellogg
• 1899–1919 Benjamin Ide Wheeler
• 1919–1923 David Prescott Barrows
• 1923–1930 William Wallace Campbell
• 1930–1952 Robert Gordon Sproul

Chancellors

• 1952–1958 Clark Kerr
• 1958–1961 Glenn T. Seaborg
• 1961–1965 Edward W. Strong
• 1965–1965 Martin E. Meyerson (acting)
• 1965–1971 Roger Heyns
• 1971–1980 Albert H. Bowker
• 1980–1990 Ira Michael Heyman
• 1990–1997 Chang-Lin Tien
• 1997–2004 Robert M. Berdahl
• 2004–2013 Robert J. Birgeneau
• 2013–2017 Nicholas B. Dirks
• 2017–present: Carol T. Christ

Funding

{{See also|University of California finances}}With the exception of government contracts, public support is apportioned to Berkeley and the other campuses of the University of California system through the UC Office of the President and accounts for 12 percent of Berkeley’s total revenues.NEWS,www.dailycal.org/2013/02/20/uc-berkeley-looks-to-philanthropy/, UC Berkeley looks to philanthropy in place of state funding, Berryhill, Alex, February 20, 2013, The Daily Californian, February 27, 2019, Berkeley has long benefited from private philanthropy and more recently, alumni and their foundations have given to the university for operations and capital expenditures.NEWS, Marjorie Valbrun,www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/03/02/berkeley-launches-ambitious-6-billion-fundraising-campaign, Berkeley launches ambitious $6-billion fundraising campaign, Inside Higher Ed, March 2, 2020, Berkeley has benefited from benefactors beyond its alumni ranks, notable among which are Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan; Vitalik Buterin, Patrick Collison, John Collison, the Ron Conway family, Crankstart, Elad Gil and Jennifer Huang Gil, Daniel Gross, Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna, and Hemant and Jessica Taneja, along with Jane Street principals Matt Berger, Craig Falls, Rob Granieri, James McClave, and Adam Winkel; BP; the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, billionaire Sir Li Ka-Shing, Israeli-Russian billionaire Yuri Milner, Thomas and Stacey Siebel, Sanford and Joan Weill, and professor Gordon Rausser ($50 million gift in 2020). Hundreds of millions of dollars have been given anonymously.

• NEWS,www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2021/12/15/arc-institute-stripe-michael-moritz-moskovitz.html, New Institute will fund Stanford, Berkeley, UCSF scientists targeting complex human diseases, San Francisco Business Times, Ron Leuty, December 15, 2021,
• NEWS,www.dailycal.org/2018/07/22/uc-berkeley-sets-fundraising-record-569m-donations-2017-18-fiscal-year/, UC Berkeley sets fundraising record at $569M in donations during 2017–18 fiscal year, Daily Californian, July 22, 2018,
• NEWS,www.dailycal.org/2020/02/29/uc-berkeley-launches-light-the-way-fundraising-campaign-aims-for-6b//, Berkeley launches ‘Light the Way’ fundraising campaign, aims for $6 Billion, Daily Californian, February 29, 2020,
• NEWS, Kathleen Chaykowski,www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2016/09/21/chan-zuckerberg-initiative-invests-3-billion-to-cure-disease/?sh=2b406ef51d59, Chan Zuckerberg Iinitiative invests $3 billion to cure disease, Forbes, September 21, 2016,
• WEB, Rick DelVecchio, San Francisco Chronicle staff writer,www.sfgate.com/green/article/BERKELEY-Cal-sees-BP-deal-as-landmark-2619983.php, Berkeley/Cal sees BP deal as landmark/Research could lead more quickly to making alternative fuel a reality, SFGATE.com, February 2, 2007,
• WEB,www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants, Committed grants, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, September 3, 2022,
• WEB,www.ucop.edu/institutional-advancement/_files/annual-reports/2019.pdf, University of California Annual Report on University Private Support, November 13, 2019, University of California Office of the President, November 18, 2019,
• NEWS, Cromwell Schubarth,www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/blog/techflash/2015/07/facebook-twitter-investor-bankrolls-100m-berkeley.html, Facebook Twitter nvestor bankrolls $100M Berkeley search for life in space, Silicon Valley Business Journal, July 20, 2015,
• NEWS,philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/uc-berkeley-receives-40-million-from-li-ka-shing-foundation, UC Berkeley Receives $40 million from Li Ka Shing Foundation, Philanthropy News Digest, June 25, 2005,
• NEWS,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/23_lks.shtml, $40-million gift from Li Ka-Shing Foundation boosts health science research, Sanders, Robert, UC Berkeley Media Relations, June 23, 2005, May 12, 2009,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/23_lks.shtml," title="web.archive.org/web/20120405140516berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/23_lks.shtml,">web.archive.org/web/20120405140516berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/23_lks.shtml, April 5, 2012, live,
• NEWS, Julia Cooper,www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/subscriber-only/2020/11/13/largest-contributors-to-uc-berkeley.html, Largest UC Berkeley Contributors, San Francisco Business Times, November 13, 2020, The 2008–13 “Campaign for Berkeley” raised $3.13 billion from 281,855 donors, and the “Light the Way” campaign, which concluded at the end of 2023, has raised over $6.2 billion.WEB,campaign.berkeley.edu/, The Campaign for Berkeley, www.campaign.berkeley.edu,

Academics

Faculty and departments

File:Wheeler Hall, University of California, Berkeley.jpg|thumb|right|Wheeler Hall, home to Berkeley’s largest lecture hall, was the location of a Nobel Prize conferral during WWIIWWIIFile:Hearst_Mining_Building_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg|thumb|The interior of the Hearst Mining Building, dedicated by Phoebe Hearst in honor of her late husband, George.]]Berkeley is a large, primarily residential research university with a majority of its enrolment in undergraduate programs but also offering a comprehensive doctoral program.WEB, Carnegie Classifications: University of California-Berkeley,carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup_listings/view_institution.php?unit_id=110635, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, February 24, 2015, The university has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission since 1949.WEB,directory.wascsenior.org/university-california-berkeley, Statement of Accreditation Status: University of California at Berkeley, Western Association of Schools and Colleges, September 19, 2013, dead,directory.wascsenior.org/university-california-berkeley," title="web.archive.org/web/20130927213723directory.wascsenior.org/university-california-berkeley,">web.archive.org/web/20130927213723directory.wascsenior.org/university-california-berkeley, September 27, 2013, The university operates on a semester calendar and awarded 8,725 bachelor’s, 3,286 master’s or professional and 1,272 doctoral degrees in 2018–2019.WEB,opa.berkeley.edu/campus-data/common-data-set, University of California, Berkeley Common Data Set 2019–2020, University of California, Berkeley, Office of Planning and Analysis, There are 1,789 full-time and 886 part-time faculty members among the university’s academic enterprise which is organized into fifteen colleges and schools that comprise 180 departments and 80 interdisciplinary units offering over 350 degree programs. Colleges serve both undergraduate and graduate students, while schools are generally graduate only, though some offer undergraduate majors or minors (In parentheses the year founded):{{Div col}}

• College of Chemistry (1872)
• College of Computing, Data Science, and Society (2023)
• College of Engineering (1931)
• College of Environmental Design (1959)
• College of Letters and Science (1915)
• Goldman School of Public Policy (1969)
• Graduate School of Journalism (1967)
• Haas School of Business (1898)
• Rausser College of Natural Resources (1868)
• School of Information (1994)
• School of Education (1913)
• School of Law (1912)
• School of Public Health (1943)
• School of Social Welfare (1944)
• Wertheim School of Optometry (1923)
• UC Berkeley Extension (1891)

{{Div col end}}

Undergraduate programs

File:UCB_Doe_Memorial_Library_oblique_view_dllu.jpg|thumb|Doe Memorial LibraryDoe Memorial LibraryThe four-year, full-time undergraduate program offers 107 bachelor’s degrees across the Haas School of Business (1), College of Chemistry (5), College of Engineering (20), College of Environmental Design (4), College of Letters and Science (67), Rausser College of Natural Resources (10), and individual majors (2).WEB,opa.berkeley.edu/academicprograms/degreesOffered/DegProgCountByCollForWeb.pdf, Degrees Offered at the University of California, Berkeley, July 1, 2011, Office of Planning and Analysis, UC-Berkeley, September 19, 2013, The most popular majors are electrical engineering and computer sciences, political science, molecular and cell biology, environmental science, and economics.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/about/fact.shtml, Berkeley Facts, UC Berkeley, September 19, 2013, Requirements for undergraduate degrees include an entry-level writing requirement before enrollment (typically fulfilled by minimum scores on standardized admissions exams such as the SAT or ACT), completing coursework on “American History and Institutions” before or after enrollment by taking an introductory class, passing an “American Cultures Breadth” class at Berkeley, as well as requirements for reading and composition and specific requirements declared by the department and school.WEB,catalog.berkeley.edu/undergrad/requirements.html, General Catalog â€“ Undergraduate Degree Requirements, University of California, Berkeley, September 19, 2013, dead,catalog.berkeley.edu/undergrad/requirements.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130912213547catalog.berkeley.edu/undergrad/requirements.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130912213547catalog.berkeley.edu/undergrad/requirements.html, September 12, 2013,

Graduate and professional programs

File:Haas_School_of_Business_central_courtyard.JPG|thumb|Haas School of BusinessHaas School of BusinessBerkeley has a “comprehensive” graduate program, with high coexistence with the programs offered to undergraduates, and offers interdisciplinary graduate programs with the medical schools at the University of California, San Francisco and Stanford University. The university offers Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Fine Arts, and PhD degrees in addition to professional degrees such as the Juris Doctor, Master of Business Administration, Master of Public Health, and Master of Design.WEB,guide.berkeley.edu/graduate/degree-programs/, Graduate Degree Programs University of California, Berkeley, guide.berkeley.edu, June 28, 2019, The university awarded 963 doctoral degrees and 3,531 master’s degrees in 2017.WEB, Berkeley Graduate Profile,grad.berkeley.edu/news/berkeley_graduate_profile.shtml#nrc, June 28, 2019, UC Berkeley, Admission to graduate programs is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. Most graduate students are supported by fellowships, teaching assistantships, or research assistantships.

Library system

File:Berkeley T-rex - Flickr - Joe Parks.jpg|thumb|The on-campus University of California Museum of Paleontology hosts a life-size replica of a T-rexT-rexDoe Library serves as the library system’s reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections reside in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffitt Undergraduate Library. The Bancroft Library, which has over 400,000 printed volumes and 70 million manuscripts, pictures, and maps, maintains special collections that document the history of the western part of North America, with an emphasis on California, Mexico and Central America. The Bancroft Library also houses the Mark Twain Papers,WEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroft-library/mark-twain-papers, Mark Twain Papers â€“ UC Berkeley Library, www.lib.berkeley.edu, the Oral History Center,WEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroft-library/oral-history-center, Oral History Center â€“ UC Berkeley Library, www.lib.berkeley.edu, the Center for the Tebtunis PapyriWEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroft-library/tebtunis-papyri, The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri â€“ UC Berkeley Library, www.lib.berkeley.edu, and the University Archives.WEB,www.lib.berkeley.edu/libraries/bancroft-library/university-archives, University Archives â€“ UC Berkeley Library, www.lib.berkeley.edu,

Reputation and rankings

Although the University of California system does not have an official flagship campus, many scholars and experts consider Berkeley to be its unofficial flagship. In some cases, it shares this unofficial status with the University of California, Los Angeles.* NEWS, July 28, 2020, The top 50 US colleges that pay off the most in 2020,www.cnbc.com/2020/07/28/the-top-50-us-colleges-that-pay-off-the-most-in-2020.html, CNBC,

• NEWS, Medina, Jennifer, July 19, 2018, You’ve Heard of Berkeley. Is Merced the Future of the University of California?,www.nytimes.com/2018/07/19/us/university-california-merced-latino-students.html, June 22, 2020, The New York Times, The disparity between the state’s population and its university enrollment is most stark at the state’s flagship campuses: at University of California, Los Angeles, Latinos make up about 21 percent of all students; at Berkeley, they account for less than 13 percent.,
• WEB, January 23, 2015, Gov. Brown says ‘normal’ Californians can’t get into Berkeley, a problem some Californians blame on Brown,www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/01/23/gov-brown-says-normal-californians-cant-get-berkeley-problem-some-californians-blame, June 22, 2020, www.insidehighered.com, en,
• WEB, 2006, Engines of Inequality: Diminishing Equity in the Nation’s Premier Public Universities,files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED495096.pdf, June 21, 2020,

National

factoids

• The 2018–19 Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) rated Berkeley the top public university in the nation and 4th overall based on quality of education, alumni employment, quality of faculty, publications, influence, and citations.WEB,cwur.org/2018-19/usa.php, USA—CWUR World University Rankings 2018–2019, Center for World University Rankings, September 1, 2020,
• For 2021, QS “World University Rankings: USA” placed Berkeley 4th among all US universities and 1st among publics.WEB, QS World University Rankings: USA 2021,www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/usa-rankings/2021, August 27, 2022, Top Universities, en,
• In its 2022 list of America’s top colleges, Forbes rated Berkeley the best public school and 2nd overall.WEB,www.forbes.com/top-colleges/, America’s Top Colleges, Forbes,
• In the 2023–2024 U.S. News & World Report national university rankings, Berkeley was the top public school and 15th overall.WEB, 2022–2023 Top Public Colleges & Universities,www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities/top-public?_sort=rank&_sortDirection=asc, September 13, 2022, usnews.com,

Global

• In 2017, the Nature Index ranked the university the 9th largest contributor to papers published in 82 leading journals.WEB,www.natureindex.com/news-blog/twenty-eighteen-annual-tables-ten-institutions-that-dominated-sciences, 10 institutions that dominated science in 2017, June 12, 2018, May 28, 2019, WEB,www.natureindex.com/faqintroduction1, Introduction to the Nature Index, May 28, 2019,
• For 2020–21, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) ranked the university 12th in the world based on quality of education, alumni employment, quality of faculty, and research performance.WEB,cwur.org/2020-21.php, CWUR World University Rankings 2020–2021, Center for World University Rankings, September 1, 2020,

Past rankings

In his memoirs, Clark Kerr records Berkeley’s rise in the rankings (according to the National Academies) during the 20th century. The school’s first ranking in 1906 placed it among the top six schools (“Big Six“) in the nation. In 1934, it ranked second, tied with Columbia and the University of Chicago, behind only Harvard; in 1957, it was ranked as the only school second to Harvard. In 1964, Berkeley was named the “best balanced distinguished university”, meaning the school had not only the most top departments but also the highest percentage of top ranking departments in its school. The school in 1993 was the only remaining member of the original 1906 “Big Six”, along with Harvard; in that year Berkeley ranked first.BOOK, Kerr, Clark, The Gold and the Blue: A Personal Memoir of the University of California, 1949–1967, Volume 1, Academic Triumphs, 2001, University of California Press, Berkeley, 9780520223677, 404–406,books.google.com/books?id=jMEZ_47vXkAC&pg=PA404, March 23, 2024, The American Council on Education, a private non-profit association, ranked Berkeley tenth in 1934. However, by 1942, private funding had helped Berkeley rise to second place, behind only Harvard, based on the number of distinguished departments. In 1985, Yale University admissions officer Richard Moll published Public Ivies: A Guide to America’s Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities which named Berkeley a “Public Ivy”.JOURNAL, Autumn 2005, Comparing Black Enrollments at the Public Ivies,www.jbhe.com/news_views/49_blackenrollment_publicivies.html, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, September 3, 2006, WEB, Paul Marthers, Dean of Admission, Admissions Messages vs. Admissions Realities,web.reed.edu/apply/news_and_articles/admission_messages.html, dead,web.reed.edu/apply/news_and_articles/admission_messages.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080221023124web.reed.edu/apply/news_and_articles/admission_messages.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080221023124web.reed.edu/apply/news_and_articles/admission_messages.html, February 21, 2008, February 9, 2008, Office of Admissions, Reed College, Richard Moll in his book Public Ivys: A Guide to America’s best public undergraduate colleges and universities (1985)BOOK, Greene, Howard R., The public ivies: America’s flagship public universities, Greene, Matthew W., Cliff Street Books, 2001, 978-0060934590, 1st, New York, Since its inaugural 1990 reputational survey, Times Higher Education has considered Berkeley to be one of the world’s “six super brands” along with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, Harvard University, MIT, and Stanford University.WEB, January 1, 1990, Birds? Planes? No, colossal ‘super-brands’: Top Six Universities,www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2012/reputation-ranking/analysis/top-six-6-universities, June 15, 2019, Times Higher Education (THE), en, WEB, March 10, 2011, Six ‘superbrands’: their reputations precede them,www.timeshighereducation.com/news/six-superbrands-their-reputations-precede-them/415436.article, June 15, 2019, Times Higher Education (THE), en, WEB, May 4, 2016, World Reputation Rankings 2016: winning recognition worldwide,www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/world-reputation-rankings-2016-winning-recognition-worldwide, June 15, 2019, Times Higher Education (THE), en, WEB, May 10, 2016, World University Rankings blog: how the ‘university superbrands’ compare,www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/world-university-rankings-blog-how-university-superbrands-compare, June 15, 2019, Times Higher Education (THE), en, MAGAZINE, World Reputation Rankings 2018,www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2018/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats, Times Higher Education, June 15, 2019, The 2010 United States National Research Council Rankings identified Berkeley as having the highest number of top-ranked doctoral programs in the nation. Berkeley doctoral programs that received a #1 ranking included English, German, Political Science, Geography, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Genomics, Epidemiology, Plant Biology, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering.NEWS, 2010 Rankings: Doctoral Programs in America, The Chronicle of Higher Education,chronicle.com/page/NRC-Rankings/321/, April 21, 2012, Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2020“>

Admissions and enrollment {| class“wikitable floatright sortable collapsible”; text-align:right; font-size:80%;”Undergraduate demographics as of Fall 2020

! Race and ethnicityWEB, College Scorecard: University of California-Berkeley,collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?110635-University-of-California-Berkeley, United States Department of Education, May 8, 2022, ! colspan=“2” data-sort-type=number |TotalAsian Americans>Asian {{bartable%|background:purple}}Non-Hispanic whites>White {{bartable%|background:gray}}Hispanic and Latino Americans>Hispanic {{bartable%|background:green}}| Foreign national {{bartable%|background:orange}}Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.}} {{bartable%|background:brown}}African Americans>Black {{bartable%|background:mediumblue}}! colspan=“4” data-sort-type=number |Economic diversityAmerican lower class>Low-income{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.}} {{bartable%|background:red}}Affluence in the United States>Affluent or Middle class in the United States{{efn>The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.}} {{bartable%|background:black}}For Fall 2022, Berkeley’s total enrollment was 45,745: 32,831 undergraduate and 12,914 graduate students, with women accounting for 56% of undergraduates and 49% of graduate and professional students. It had 128,226 freshman applicants and accepted 14,614 (11.4%). Among enrolled freshman, the average unweighted GPA was 3.90.Berkeley’s enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation until 2002, when participation in the National Merit program was discontinued.NEWS,www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/7323, Six UC campuses to redirect national merit funding to other merit-based scholarships, July 13, 2005,www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/7323," title="web.archive.org/web/20080829134813www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/7323,">web.archive.org/web/20080829134813www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/7323, August 29, 2008, dead, University of California Newsroom, For 2019, Berkeley ranked fourth in enrollment of recipients of the National Merit National Merit $2,500 Scholarship,500 Scholarship (132 scholars).REPORT, NMSC 2018–19 Annual Report, National Merit Scholarship Corporation, October 31, 2019, 38–40, WEB, NMSC 2018–19 Annual Report,www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf?gid=2&pgid=61&sessionid=c211e88d-8f77-40dc-8cea-f6e3d3c2f118&cc=1, National Merit Scholarship Corporation, October 31, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20210805191249/https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/images/gid2/editor_documents/annual_report.pdf?gid=2&pgid=61&sessionid=c211e88d-8f77-40dc-8cea-f6e3d3c2f118&cc=1, August 5, 2021, 27% of admitted students receive federal Pell grants.NEWS,financialaid.berkeley.edu/tags/pell-grant, Pell Grant, August 14, 2019, UC Regents, Berkeley students are eligible for a variety of public and private financial aid. Inquiries are processed through the Financial Aid and Scholarships Office, although schools such as the Haas School of BusinessWEB,www.haas.berkeley.edu/MBA/finaid/, Full-Time MBA Financial Aid â€“ Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Haas.berkeley.edu,www.haas.berkeley.edu/MBA/finaid/," title="web.archive.org/web/20120709093208www.haas.berkeley.edu/MBA/finaid/,">web.archive.org/web/20120709093208www.haas.berkeley.edu/MBA/finaid/, July 9, 2012, dead, June 8, 2012, and Berkeley Law,WEB,www.law.berkeley.edu/admissions/financial-aid/, Financial Aid, April 10, 2015, Berkeley Law, have their own financial aid offices.{| class=“wikitable floatleft” style="font-size:85%; margin:5px”! !! 2022 !! 2021 !! 2020 !! 2019 !! 2018 !! 2017 style="text-align:center;“! Applicants| 85,057 style="text-align:center;“! Admits| 14,552 style="text-align:center;“! Admit rate| 17.1% style="text-align:center;“! Enrolled| 6,379 style="text-align:center;“!SAT {{small|(mid-50%)}}| 1300–1540 style="text-align:center;“!ACT {{small|(average)}}| 32 style="text-align:center;“!GPA {{small|(unweighted)}}| 3.91* Berkeley began test-blind admissions in 2021.{{clear}}

Discoveries and innovation

File:Unix history-simple.svg|thumb|alt=A simple flow chart showing the history and timeline of the development of Unix starting with one bubble at the top and 13 tributaries at the bottom of the flow |Simplified evolution of Unix systems and BSD forks ]]A number of significant inventions and discoveries have been made by Berkeley faculty members and researchers:WEB, History & discoveries,www.berkeley.edu/about/history-discoveries, November 7, 2016, University of California, Berkeley,

Natural sciences

• Atomic bomb â€“ Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was wartime director of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Manhattan Project.
• Carbon 14 and photosynthesis â€“ Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben first discovered carbon 14 in 1940, and Nobel laureate Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used carbon 14 as a molecular tracer to reveal the carbon assimilation path in photosynthesis, known as Calvin cycle.WEB,www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-facts.html, Melvin Calvin â€“ Facts, www.nobelprize.org, December 5, 2016,
• Carcinogens â€“ Identified chemicals that damage DNA. The Ames test was described in a series of papers in 1973 by Bruce Ames and his group at the university.
• Chemical elements â€“ Sixteen elements have been discovered at Berkeley (technetium, astatine, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, and seaborgium).WEB,alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2016-01-11/its-elementary-berkeley-can-bask-glow-more-elements-hit, It’s Elementary: Berkeley Can Bask in the Glow as More Elements Hit Periodic Table, Cal Alumni Association, January 7, 2016, March 7, 2016, March 8, 2016,alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2016-01-11/its-elementary-berkeley-can-bask-glow-more-elements-hit," title="web.archive.org/web/20160308052806alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2016-01-11/its-elementary-berkeley-can-bask-glow-more-elements-hit,">web.archive.org/web/20160308052806alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2016-01-11/its-elementary-berkeley-can-bask-glow-more-elements-hit, dead, WEB,www.llnl.gov/news/lawrence-livermore-credited-discovery-elements-115-117-and-118, Lawrence Livermore credited with discovery of elements 115, 117 and 118, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, March 13, 2016,
• Covalent bond â€“ Gilbert N. Lewis in 1916 described the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, and invented the Lewis notation to describe the mechanisms.
• CRISPR gene editing â€“ Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna discovered a precise and inexpensive way for manipulating DNA in human cells.WEB,www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/10/press-chemistryprize2020.pdf, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020, www.nobelprize.org, October 7, 2020,
• Cyclotron â€“ Ernest O. Lawrence created a particle accelerator in 1934, and was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 1939.WEB,www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1939/lawrence-bio.html, Ernest Lawrence â€“ Biographical, www.nobelprize.org, November 13, 2017,
• Dark energy â€“ Saul Perlmutter and many others in the Supernova Cosmology Project discover the universe is expanding because of dark energy 1998.
• Flu vaccine â€“ Wendell M. Stanley and colleagues discovered the vaccine in the 1940s.
• Hydrogen bomb â€“ Edward Teller, the father of hydrogen bomb, was a professor at Berkeley and a researcher at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
• Immunotherapy of cancer â€“ James P. Allison discovers and develops monoclonal antibody therapy that uses the immune system to combat cancer 1992–1995.
• Molecular clock â€“ Allan Wilson discovery in 1967.
• Neuroplasticity â€“ Marian Diamond discovers structural, biochemical, and synaptic changes in brain caused by environmental enrichment 1964
• Oncogene â€“ Peter Duesberg discovers first cancer causing gene in a virus 1970s.
• Telomerase â€“ Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak discover enzyme that promotes cell division and growth 1985.
• Vitamin E â€“ Gladys Anderson Emerson isolates Vitamin E in a pure form in 1952.BOOK, Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Oakes, Elizabeth H., 2007, 978-1-4381-1882-6, 211, Emerson, Gladys Anderson, Infobase,

Computer and applied sciences

• Berkeley RISC â€“ David Patterson leads ARPA’s VLSI project of microprocessor design 1980–1984.BOOK, Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology,archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil, registration, Reilly, Edwin D., 2003, 1-57356-521-0, 50, Bloomsbury Academic,
• Berkeley UNIX/Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) â€“ The Computer Systems Research Group was a research group at Berkeley that was dedicated to enhancing AT&T Unix operating system and funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Bill Joy modified the code and released it in 1977 under the open source BSD license, starting an open-source revolution.
• Deep sea diving â€“ Joel Henry Hildebrand used helium with oxygen to mitigate decompression sickness.NEWS,www.nytimes.com/1983/05/03/obituaries/joel-hildebrand-101-chemist-joined-u-of-california-in-1913.html, Joel Hildebrand, 101, Chemist; Joined U. of California in 1913, Turner, Wallace, May 3, 1983, The New York Times, April 25, 2019, en-US, 0362-4331,
• GIMP â€“ In 1995, Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis began developing GIMP as a semester-long project at Berkeley.
• Polygraph â€“ invented by John Augustus Larson and a police officer from the Berkeley Police Department in 1921.WEB,illumin.usc.edu/lie-detection-the-science-and-development-of-the-polygraph/, Lie Detection: The Science and Development of the Polygraph, Shepard, Kiera, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, en-US, April 25, 2019,
• Project Genie â€“ DARPA funded project. It produced an early time-sharing system including the Berkeley Timesharing System, which was then commercialized as the SDS 940. Concepts from Project Genie influenced the development of the TENEX operating system for the PDP-10, and Unix, which inherited the concept of process forking from it.JOURNAL, Ritchie, Dennis M., Thompson, Ken, July 1978, The UNIX Time-Sharing System,www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/cacm.pdf, Bell System Tech. J., AT&T, 57, 6, 1905–1929, 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02136.x, April 22, 2014, Dennis Ritchie, Unix co-creator Ken Thompson worked on Project Genie while at Berkeley.
• SPICE â€“ Donald O. Pederson develops the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) 1972.WEB,www.designers-guide.org/Perspective/life-of-spice.pdf, The Life of SPICE, Nagel, Laurence, September 30, 1996, The Designer’s Guide Community,www.designers-guide.org/Perspective/life-of-spice.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20120204190147www.designers-guide.org/Perspective/life-of-spice.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20120204190147www.designers-guide.org/Perspective/life-of-spice.pdf, February 4, 2012,
• Tcl programming language â€“ developed by John Ousterhout in 1988.WEB,www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2012/08/100-important-innovations-that-came-from-university-research/, 100 Important Innovations That Came From University Research â€“ Online Universities, August 27, 2012,
• Three-dimensional Transistor â€“ Chenming Hu won the 2014 National Medal of Technology for developing the “first 3-dimensional transistors, which radically advanced semiconductor technology.“WEB,www.nationalmedals.org/laureates/chenming-hu, Chenming Hu, National Science & Technology Medal Foundation, October 24, 2017,
• Vi text editor â€“ Bill Joy created the first Vi editor in 1976.WEB,people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pattrsn/298F98/joy.html, Bill Joy, UC Berkeley,
• Wetsuit â€“ Hugh Bradner invents first wetsuit 1952.WEB,www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Hugh-Bradner-UC-s-inventor-of-wetsuit-dies-3214987.php, Hugh Bradner, UC’s inventor of wetsuit, dies, Taylor, Michael, May 11, 2008, SFGate, April 25, 2019,

Companies and entrepreneurship

• Activision Blizzard, 1979 (as Activision), co-founder Alan Miller (BS) and Larry Kaplan (BA)
• AIG, 1919, founder Cornelius Vander Starr (Attended)
• Apple, 1976, co-founder Steve Wozniak (BS)
• Chernin Entertainment, 2009, founder Peter Chernin (BA)WEB, May 8, 2014, Cal’s plan to shrink a big, impersonal campus,www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/cals-plan-shrink-big-impersonal-campus, February 8, 2023, University of California, en, NEWS, Vary, Adam B., Disney and Chernin Entertainment Parting Ways (EXCLUSIVE),variety.com/2020/biz/news/disney-chernin-entertainment-deal-ending-1203470944/, 1 May 2024, Variety, 17 January 2020,
• Coursera, 2012, co-founder Andrew Ng (PhD)
• Databricks, 2013 founders Ali Ghodsi (PhD), Matei Zaharia (PhD), Ion Stoica (Professor), Reynold Xin (PhD), Andy Konwinski (PhD), Arsalan Tavakoli-Shiraji (PhD), and Patrick Wendell (PhD)
• eBay, 1995, founder Pierre Omidyar (Attended)NEWS,www.nytimes.com/2002/06/16/books/chapters/the-perfect-store.html, The Perfect Store, Cohen, Adam, June 16, 2002, The New York Times, November 17, 2017, en-US, 0362-4331, NEWS,www.forbes.com/profile/pierre-omidyar/, Pierre Omidyar, Forbes, November 17, 2017, en,
• Gap Inc., 1969, co-founder Donald Fisher (BS)
• HTC Corporation, 1997, co-founder Cher Wang (BA)
• Intel, 1968, co-founders Gordon Moore (BS) and Andy Grove (PhD)
• Marvell Technology Group, 1995, co-founders Sehat Sutardja (MS, PhD) and Weili Dai (BA)
• Morgan Stanley, 1924 (as Dean Witter & Co.), co-founder Dean G. Witter (BA)
• Mozilla Corporation, 2005, co-founder Mitchell Baker (BA, JD)
• Myspace, 2003, co-founder Tom Anderson (BA)
• Renaissance Technologies, 1982, founder James Simons (PhD)
• Rotten Tomatoes, 1998, founders Senh Duong (BA), Patrick Y. Lee (BA) and Stephen Wang (BA)
• SanDisk, 1988, co-founder Sanjay Mehrotra (BS, MS)
• Softbank, 1981, founder Masayoshi Son (BA)
• Sun Microsystems, 1982, co-founder Bill Joy (MS)
• Tesla, 2003, co-founder Marc Tarpenning (BS)
• VMware, 1998, co-founders Diane Greene (MS) and Mendel Rosenblum (PhD)

Campus

File:Sather_Gate_at_University_of_California,_Berkeley,_California_LCCN2013633500_(edited).jpg|thumb|Sather Gate, connecting Sproul Plaza to the inner campus, was a center of the Free Speech MovementFree Speech MovementMuch of the UC Berkeley campus is in the city limits of Berkeley with a portion of the property extending into Oakland.WEB,www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st06_ca/place/p0606000_berkeley/DC20BLK_P0606000.pdf, 2020 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Berkeley city, CA, U.S. Census Bureau, July 1, 2023, 4 (PDF p. 5/5), – Compare to the campus map here The Berkeley campus encompasses approximately 1,232-acres, though the “central campus” occupies only the low-lying western 178-acres of this area. Of the remaining acres, approximately 200-acres are occupied by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; other facilities above the main campus include the Lawrence Hall of Science and several research units, notably the Space Sciences Laboratory, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, an {{convert|800|acre|ha|abbr=off|adj=on}} ecological preserve, the University of California Botanical Garden and a recreation center in Strawberry Canyon. Portions of the mostly undeveloped, eastern area of the campus are actually within the City of Oakland; these portions extend from the Claremont Resort north through the Panoramic Hill neighborhood to Tilden Park.WEB, OpenStreetMap Oakland,www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2833530#map=15/37.8758/-122.2443, openstreetmap.org, September 10, 2014, To the west of the central campus is the downtown business district of Berkeley; to the northwest is the neighborhood of North Berkeley, including the so-called Gourmet Ghetto, a commercial district known for high quality dining due to the presence of such world-renowned restaurants as Chez Panisse. Immediately to the north is a quiet residential neighborhood known as Northside with a large graduate student population;WEB, Moving to Berkeley,postdoc.berkeley.edu/node/28, Berkeley Postdoctoral Association, February 29, 2012, dead,postdoc.berkeley.edu/node/28," title="web.archive.org/web/20120229062100postdoc.berkeley.edu/node/28,">web.archive.org/web/20120229062100postdoc.berkeley.edu/node/28, February 29, 2012, situated north of that are the upscale residential neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills. Immediately southeast of campus lies fraternity row and beyond that the Clark Kerr Campus and an upscale residential area named Claremont. The area south of the university includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue, one of Berkeley’s main shopping districts with stores, street vendors and restaurants catering to college students and tourists. In addition, the university also owns land to the northwest of the main campus, a married student housing complex in the nearby town of Albany (“Albany Village” and the “Gill Tract“), and a field research station several miles to the north in Richmond, California.File:Bancroft_Library_-_University_of_California,_Berkeley_-_DSC04902.JPG|thumb|Bancroft LibraryBancroft LibraryFile:Botanischer_Garten_in_Berkeley,_California.JPG|thumb| The UC Botanical Garden, located in the Berkeley Hills and by the Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryThe campus is home to several museums including the University of California Museum of Paleontology, the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, and the Lawrence Hall of Science. The Museum of Paleontology, found in the lobby of the Valley Life Sciences Building, showcases a variety of dinosaur fossils including a complete cast of a Tyrannosaurus Rex. The campus also offers resources for innovation and entrepreneurship, such as the Big Ideas Competition, the Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology, and the Berkeley Haas Innovation Lab.WEB,vcresearch.berkeley.edu/innovation, Innovation/Entrepreneurship {{!, Research UC Berkeley |website=vcresearch.berkeley.edu |access-date=April 14, 2019}} The campus is also home to the University of California Botanical Garden, with more than 12,000 individual species.{{Wide image|University of California, Berkeley.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|360-degree-view of the UC Berkeley campus}}

Architecture

File:South Hall--UC Berkeley--Panoramic.jpg|thumb|South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus.]]What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 “International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California,” funded by William Randolph Hearst’s mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899.WEB,sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/archives_exhibits/online_exhibits/romapacifica/index.html, Online Exhibit on the Hearst Architectural Competition, Sunsite.berkeley.edu, June 8, 2012, The winner was Frenchman Émile Bénard, who refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s.The structures forming the “classical core” of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre, Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the Sather Tower (nicknamed “the Campanile” after its architectural inspiration, St Mark’s Campanile in Venice), the tallest university clock tower in the United States.NEWS, The 10 Tallest University Clock Towers,www.bestcollegereviews.org/the-10-tallest-university-clock-towers/, Best College Reviews, May 8, 2013, July 17, 2018, Buildings he regarded as temporary and non-academic were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard’s designs are recognized California Historical LandmarksOHP, 946, University of California, Berkeley Campus, March 30, 2012, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style, South Hall, designed by David Farquharson, is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are two of the only surviving examples of the nineteenth-century campus. Other notable architects and firms whose work can be found in the campus and surrounding area are Bernard MaybeckBOOK, McCoy, Esther, Esther McCoy, Five California Architects, New York, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1960, 6, B000I3Z52W, (Faculty Club); Julia Morgan (Hearst Women’s Gymnasium and Julia Morgan Hall); William Wurster (Stern Hall); Moore Ruble Yudell (Haas School of Business); Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects (C.V. Starr East Asian Library), and Diller Scofidio + Renfro (Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive).

Natural features

File:Strawberry Creek near Dwinelle Hall.jpg|thumb| The south fork of Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza.]]Flowing into the main campus are two branches of Strawberry Creek. The south fork enters a culvert upstream of the recreational complex at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon and passes beneath California Memorial Stadium before appearing again in Faculty Glade. It then runs through the center of the campus before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building, the original site of the Campus Arboretum.Trees in the area date from the founding of the university. The campus features numerous wooded areas, including: Founders’ Rock, Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, which is both the tallest stand of such trees in the world and the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America.WEB,strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu/tour/08eucalyptus.html, UC Berkeley Strawberry Creek, Strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu, June 8, 2012, dead,strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu/tour/08eucalyptus.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120301075156strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu/tour/08eucalyptus.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120301075156strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu/tour/08eucalyptus.html, March 1, 2012, The campus sits on the Hayward Fault, which runs directly through California Memorial Stadium.WEB,seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/ucb_campus.html, Hayward Fault: UC Berkeley, seismo.berkeley.edu, April 13, 2008, dead,seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/ucb_campus.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080422164708seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/ucb_campus.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080422164708seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/ucb_campus.html, April 22, 2008,

Student life and traditions

File:Cal Football From Tightwad Hill - Flickr - Joe Parks.jpg|thumb|Fans atop Tightwad Hill watch the Cal Band, with views of the stadium and the San Francisco BaySan Francisco BayThe official university mascot is Oski the Bear, who debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium until it was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, whose members have exclusive knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer.WEB,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html, California Golden Bears â€“ Traditions, Calbears.collegesports.com, June 8, 2012, dead,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20050905215604calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html,">web.archive.org/web/20050905215604calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html, September 5, 2005, The University of California Marching Band, which has served the university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events.WEB,calband.berkeley.edu/about-us/, University of California Marching Band ~ About Us, Calband.berkeley.edu, June 29, 2013, The UC Rally Committee, formed in 1901, is the official guardian of California’s Spirit and Traditions. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, Rally Committee members can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. Committee members are charged with the maintenance of the six Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium Student Section and Haas Pavilion, the California Victory Cannon, Card Stunts and The Big “C” among other duties. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in Cal’s possession.WEB,ucrc.berkeley.edu/, Home, UC Rally Committee, June 8, 2012, Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, The Big “C” is an important symbol of California school spirit. The Big “C” has its roots in an early 20th-century campus event called “Rush”, which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a race up Charter Hill that often developed into a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and, in 1905, the freshman and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build “the Big C.“WEB,sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html, Days of Cal, Bear Traditions, Sunsite.berkeley.edu, June 8, 2012, January 27, 1998,sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html," title="web.archive.org/web/19980127223145sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html,">web.archive.org/web/19980127223145sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html, dead, Cal students invented the college football tradition of card stunts. Then known as Bleacher Stunts, they were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue “C” on a white background. The tradition is continued today by the Rally Committee in the Cal student section and incorporates complicated motions, for example tracing the Cal script logo on a blue background with an imaginary yellow pen.WEB,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html, California Golden Bears â€“ Traditions, Calbears.collegesports.com, June 8, 2012, dead,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20060303152734calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html,">web.archive.org/web/20060303152734calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html, March 3, 2006, The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after every Cal victory. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it was originally placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon ran out of ammunition was during a game against Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns.WEB,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html, California Golden Bears â€“ Traditions, Calbears.collegesports.com, September 7, 1991, June 8, 2012, dead,calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20041212030716calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html,">web.archive.org/web/20041212030716calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html, December 12, 2004, The Cal Mic Men, a standard at home football games, has recently expanded to involve basketball and volleyball. The traditional role comes from students holding megaphones and yelling, but now includes microphones, a dedicated platform during games, and the direction of the entire student section.WEB, Home,calspirit.berkeley.edu/micmen/past.php, November 14, 2018, Cal Spirit,

Student housing

Berkeley students are offered a variety of housing options, including university-owned or affiliated residences, private residences, fraternities and sororities, and cooperative housing (co-ops). Berkeley students, and those of other local schools, have the option of living in one of the twenty cooperative houses participating in the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC), a nonprofit housing cooperative network consisting of 20 residences and 1250 member-owners.WEB,www.bsc.coop/index.php, Home, Usca.org, June 8, 2012,www.bsc.coop/index.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20120617145431www.bsc.coop/index.php,">web.archive.org/web/20120617145431www.bsc.coop/index.php, June 17, 2012, dead,

Fraternities and sororities

About three percent of undergraduate men and nine percent of undergraduate women—or 3,400 of total undergraduates—are active in Berkeley’s Greek system.WEB, University of California—Berkeley Student Life,www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-california-berkeley-1312/student-life, U.S. News & World Report, May 6, 2021, University-sanctioned fraternities and sororities comprise over 60 houses affiliated with four Greek councils.WEB, About CalGreeks,lead.berkeley.edu/about-calgreeks/, ASUC Student Union LEADCenter, January 25, 2016, WEB, Welcome to CalGreeks.com,www.calgreeks.com/, CalGreeks, January 25, 2016,

Student-run organizations

Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC)

(File:Wellness Room.jpg|thumb|Wellness Room sleep pods: part of a program created by the ASUC, UC Berkeley’s official student association.)The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the official student association that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. The two main political parties are “Student Action“WEB,www.studentaction.org, Student Action Webpage, Studentaction.org, June 8, 2012,www.studentaction.org/," title="web.archive.org/web/20120707113918www.studentaction.org/,">web.archive.org/web/20120707113918www.studentaction.org/, July 7, 2012, dead, and “CalSERVE”.WEB,www.calserve.org, CalSERVE Webpage, Calserve.org, June 8, 2012, The organization was founded in 1887 and has an annual operating budget of $1.7 million (excluding the budget of the Graduate Assembly of the ASUC), in addition to various investment assets. Its alumni include multiple State Senators, Assemblymembers, and White House Administration officials.Associated Students of the University of California#List of executive officers

Media and publications

Berkeley’s student-run online television station, CalTV, was formed in 2005 and broadcasts online. It is run by students with a variety of backgrounds and majors. Since the mid-2010s, it has been a program of the ASUC.WEB,docs.google.com/document/d/1iEZpg3zLf4H5qOdHYdbXD0tpCrRuJ-wO_j1K9D5Hlmo/edit, ASUC Bylaw 3206: CalTV, ASUC Central Drive (Google Drive), Berkeley’s independent student-run newspaper is The Daily Californian. Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People’s Park. The Daily Californian has both a print and online edition. Berkeley’s FM Student radio station, KALX, broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members. Berkeley also features an assortment of student-run publications:

• California Law Review, law journal published by Berkeley Law, est. 1912.
• Berkeley Poetry Review, national poetry journal, est. 1974.
• Berkeley Fiction Review, American literary magazine, est. 1981.
• Heuristic Squelch, satirical newspaper, est. 1991.
• California Patriot, conservative political magazine, est. 2000.
• Berkeley Political Review, nonpartisan political magazine, est. 2001.
• Caliber Magazine, an “everything magazine”, featuring articles and blogs on a wide range of topics, est. 2008.
• B-Side, music magazine, est. 2013.
• Smart Ass, liberal magazine, est. 2015.
• Berkeley Economic Review, economics journal, est. 2016.
• Business Berkeley, Haas undergraduate journal.

Student groups

{{redirect|DeCal}}File:Berkeley DM 2009.JPG|thumb|Berkeley Dance MarathonMarathon(File:Zellerbach01.jpg|thumb|Zellerbach Hall, home of the Cal Performances theater group)There are ninety-four political student groups on campus, including MEChXA de UC Berkeley, Berkeley ACLU, Berkeley Students for Life, Campus Greens, The Sustainability Team (STEAM), the Berkeley Student Food Collective, Students for Sensible Drug Policy, Cal Berkeley Democrats, and the Berkeley College Republicans.WEB, Campus Description—UC Berkeley,www.ucop.edu/pathways/infoctr/introuc/ucb.html, June 2, 2006,www.universityofcalifornia.edu/admissions/undergrad_adm/selecting/camp_descriptions/descr_ucb.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070310173847www.universityofcalifornia.edu/admissions/undergrad_adm/selecting/camp_descriptions/descr_ucb.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070310173847www.universityofcalifornia.edu/admissions/undergrad_adm/selecting/camp_descriptions/descr_ucb.html, University of California, March 10, 2007, June 23, 2016, The Residence Hall Assembly (RHA) is the student-led umbrella organization that oversees event planning, legislation, sponsorships and other activities for over 7,200 on-campus undergraduate residents.WEB,rha.berkeley.edu/about.html, About the Residence Hall Assembly, rha.berkeley.edu, November 19, 2014, November 5, 2016,rha.berkeley.edu/about.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20161105175140rha.berkeley.edu/about.html,">web.archive.org/web/20161105175140rha.berkeley.edu/about.html, dead, Berkeley students also run a number of consulting groups, including the Berkeley Group, founded in 2003 and affiliated with the Haas School.WEB,theberkeleygroup.org/, The Berkeley Group, The Berkeley Group, February 11, 2007, June 8, 2012, Students from various concentrations are recruited and trained to work on pro-bono consulting engagements with actual nonprofit clients. Berkeley Consulting, founded in 1996, has served over 140 companies across the high-tech, retail, banking, and non-profit sectors.WEB, Berkeley Consulting,bc.berkeley.edu/, January 23, 2018, ImagiCalWEB,calaaf.com/, Official weblink to ImagiCal, September 19, 2014,calaaf.com/," title="web.archive.org/web/20140924043221calaaf.com/,">web.archive.org/web/20140924043221calaaf.com/, September 24, 2014, dead, has been the college chapter of the American Advertising Federation at Berkeley since the late 1980s. The team competes annually in the National Student Advertising Competition, with students from disparate majors working together on a marketing case underwritten by a corporate sponsor. The Berkeley Forum is a nonpartisan student organization that hosts panels, debates, and speeches across a variety of fields.WEB,forum.berkeley.edu/, The Berkeley Forum, Forum.berkeley.edu, June 28, 2013, Past speakers include Senator Rand Paul, entrepreneur and venture capitalist Peter Thiel, and Khan Academy founder Salman Khan.(File:UCSO.jpg|thumb|UC Berkeley Symphony Orchestra)Democratic Education at Cal, or DeCal, is a program that promotes the creation of professor-sponsored, student-facilitated classes.WEB, DeCal,www.decal.org/,decal.org/," title="web.archive.org/web/19991104084732decal.org/,">web.archive.org/web/19991104084732decal.org/, dead, November 4, 1999, Democratic Education at Cal, April 4, 2014, DeCal arose out of the 1960s Free Speech movement and was officially established in 1981. The program offers around 150 courses on a vast range of subjects that appeal to the student community, including classes on the Rubik’s Cube, blockchain, web design, metamodernism, cooking, Jewish art, 3D animation, and bioprinting.WEB, DeCal Courses,www.decal.berkeley.edu/courses, May 4, 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180625045118/https://decal.berkeley.edu/courses, June 25, 2018, dead, The campus is home to several a cappella groups, including Drawn to Scale, Artists in Resonance, Berkeley Dil Se, the UC Men’s Octet, the California Golden Overtones, DeCadence, and Noteworthy. The University of California Men’s Octet was founded in 1948. Since 1967, students and staff jazz musicians have had an opportunity to perform and study with the University of California Jazz Ensembles. For several decades it hosted the Pacific Coast Collegiate Jazz Festival, part of the American Collegiate Jazz Festival, a competitive forum for student musicians. PCCJF brought jazz artists including Hubert Laws, Sonny Rollins, Freddie Hubbard, and Ed Shaughnessy to the Berkeley campus as performers. Berkeley also hosts other performing arts groups in comedy, dance, acting and instrumental music.

Engineering student teams

Given UC Berkeley’s STEM education and its proximity to Silicon Valley, there are a variety of student-run engineering teams that focus on winning design and engineering competitions.Berkeley has two prominent amateur rocketry teams: Space Enterprise at Berkeley (SEB)WEB,berkeleyse.org/, SEB Website, UC Berkeley, January 15, 2020, and Space Technologies and Rocketry (STAR).WEB,stars.berkeley.edu/, STAR Website, UC Berkeley, April 23, 2021, Both have launched solid-fuel sounding rockets and are currently developing liquid propellant rockets.The university also has two Formula SAE teams: Berkeley Formula RacingWEB,fsae.berkeley.edu/, FSAE Website, UC Berkeley, January 15, 2020, and Formula Electric Berkeley.WEB,ev.berkeley.edu/, FEB Website, UC Berkeley, January 15, 2020, Both of these teams participate in Formula SAE–run competitions, with the former focusing on internal combustion engines and the latter on electric motors. Berkeley has a number of other vehicle teams, including CalSol,WEB,calsol.berkeley.edu/, CalSol Website, UC Berkeley, April 23, 2021, CalSMV,WEB,smv.berkeley.edu/, CalSMV Website, UC Berkeley, April 23, 2021, and Human Powered Vehicle.WEB,www.hpv.berkeley.edu/, HPV Website, UC Berkeley, April 23, 2021,

Athletics

File:California Memorial Stadium 2015.jpg|thumb|The base of the California Memorial StadiumCalifornia Memorial StadiumFile:Haas Pavilion Court.jpg|thumb|The interior of Haas Pavilion during a Cal Basketball game.]]The university’s athletic teams are known as the California Golden Bears, often shortened to “Cal Bears” or just “Cal,” and were historically members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Cal is also a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in several sports not sponsored by the Pac-12 and the America East Conference in women’s field hockey. In 2024, Cal joined the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).WEB,calbears.com/news/2023/9/1/athletics-news-uc-berkeley-to-join-acc-for-2024-25-academic-year.aspx, UC Berkeley To Join ACC 2024-25 Academic Year, September 1, 2023, Calbears.com, California Golden Bears, December 3, 2023, The first school colors, established in 1873 by a committee of students, were Yale Blue and gold.JOURNAL, State Colors,books.google.com/books?id=XfA2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA18, State-Wide News, University Bulletin, 2, 4, August 24, 1953, 18, July 19, 2014, WEB,resource.berkeley.edu/r_html/104history.html, Resource Guide: Student history, University of California, Berkeley, February 26, 2010, dead,resource.berkeley.edu/r_html/104history.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100110222529resource.berkeley.edu/r_html/104history.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100110222529resource.berkeley.edu/r_html/104history.html, January 10, 2010, Yale Blue was originally chosen because many of the university’s inaugural faculty were Yale graduates, including Henry Durant, its first president. Blue and gold were specified and made the official colors of the university and the state colors of California in 1955.WEB, GOVERNMENT CODE â€“ GOV TITLE 1. GENERAL [100–7914] (Title 1 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134.) DIVISION 2. STATE SEAL, FLAG, AND EMBLEMS [399–447] (Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1943, Ch. 134.),leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=GOV§ionNum=424, California Legislative Information Code Section, September 9, 2014, In 2014, the athletic department specified a darker blue.WEB, Athletics Brand Identity Guidelines: Color,brand.berkeley.edu/logo/, July 19, 2014, WEB, Colors,brand.berkeley.edu/colors/, Berkeley, University of California, July 19, 2014, The California Golden Bears have won national championships in baseball (2), men’s basketball (2), men’s crew (15), women’s crew (3), football (5), men’s golf (1), men’s gymnastics (4), men’s lacrosse (1), men’s rugby (26), softball (1), men’s swimming & diving (4), women’s swimming & diving (3), men’s tennis (1), men’s track & field (1), and men’s water polo (13). Students and alumni have also won 207 Olympic medals.WEB,www.calbears.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208193984, California Golden Bears Olympians, calbears.com, August 23, 2016, California finished in first placeWEB, 2007–08 Fall U.S. Sports Academy Directors’ Cup standings,grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/Jan.pdf, CBS Interactive, May 22, 2014, April 11, 2019,grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/Jan.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20190411214455grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/Jan.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20190411214455grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/Jan.pdf, dead, in the 2007–08 Fall U.S. Sports Academy Directors’ Cup standings (Now the NACDA Directors’ Cup), a competition measuring the best overall collegiate athletic programs in the country, with points awarded for national finishes in NCAA sports. Cal finished the 2007–08 competition in seventh place with 1119 points.WEB,www.nacda.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/FinalD1, Director’s Cup results 07–08, PDF, March 2, 2012,www.nacda.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/FinalD1," title="web.archive.org/web/20120308142816www.nacda.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/FinalD1,">web.archive.org/web/20120308142816www.nacda.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/nacda/sports/directorscup/auto_pdf/FinalD1, March 8, 2012, dead, Most recently, California finished in third place in the 2010–11 NACDA Directors’ Cup with 1219.50 points, finishing behind Stanford and Ohio State. This is California’s highest ever finish in the Director’s Cup.WEB,thedirectorscup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/finald1standings10-11-2.pdf, Director’s Cup results 10–11, March 2, 2012, The Golden Bears’ traditional arch-rival is the Stanford Cardinal, and the most anticipated sporting event between the two universities is the annual football match dubbed the Big Game, celebrated with spirit events on both campuses. Since 1933, the winner of the Big Game has been awarded custody of the Stanford Axe. Other sporting games between these rivals have related names such as the Big Splash (water polo) or the Big Kick (soccer).NEWS, Yen, Ruey, Big Splash + Big Kick: Cal vs. Stanford in Men’s Water Polo and Men’s Soccer,www.californiagoldenblogs.com/2017/11/9/16622170/big-splash-big-kick-cal-golden-bears-vs-stanford-cardinal-in-mens-water-polo-and-mens-soccer, March 10, 2018, California Golden Blogs, November 9, 2017,

Notable alumni, faculty, and staff

File:Earl Warren.jpg|Earl Warren, BA 1912, LLB 1914, 14th Chief Justice of the United States, 30th Governor of CaliforniaFile:Steven Chu official DOE portrait crop.jpg|Steven Chu, PhD 1976, Nobel laureate, 12th United States Secretary of EnergyFile:Secretary Jennifer Granholm.jpg|Jennifer Granholm, BA 1984, 16th United States Secretary of Energy, 47th Governor of MichiganFile:Z A Bhutto (President of Pakistan).jpg|Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, BA 1950,WEB, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, August 11, 2023, Encyclopædia Britannica Online,www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/64265/Zulfikar-Ali-Bhutto, 4th President of Pakistan, 9th Prime Minister of PakistanFile:Robert Reich, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics (cropped).jpg|Robert Reich, Professor of Public Policy, 22nd United States Secretary of LaborFile:Christina Romer, Commonwealth Club (cropped).jpg|Christina Romer, Professor of Economics, 25th Chairperson of the President’s Council of Economic AdvisersFile:Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore.jpg|Steve Wozniak, BS 1986, cofounder of Apple Inc.File:Rajiv L Gupta George Barclay Gordon Moore ID2004 (cropped, Moore).JPG|Gordon Moore, BS 1950, cofounder of semiconductor company IntelFile:Eric E Schmidt, 2005 (looking left).jpg|Eric Schmidt, MS 1979, PhD 1982, Executive Chairman of AlphabetFile:JerryBrownByPhilKonstantin.jpg|Edmund Gerald “Jerry” Brown Jr., BA 1961, 34th & 39th Governor of CaliforniaFile:Dean Blake Van Leer.jpg|Blake R. Van Leer, MS 1920, inventor, civil rights advocate, president of Georgia TechFile:Gregory Peck in Roman Holiday trailer cropped.jpg|Gregory Peck, BA 1939, Academy Award–winning actorFile:Natalie Coughlin, 2018 (cropped).jpg|Natalie Coughlin, BA 2005, multiple gold medal-winning Olympic swimmerFile:Gen._Pedro_Nel_Ospina,_Pres._Colombia_(LOC).jpg|Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, BA 1878, President of Colombia 1922–1926File:Crown Prince Haakon of Norway 2012-03-26 001.jpg|Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway, heir apparent to the throne of Norway, BA 1999“Her Norwegian heritage drew her to projects with the Norwegian Consulate in San Francisco and the Norwegian American Cultural Society, and she hosted a party for Crown Prince Haakon Magnus when he graduated from UC Berkeley in 1999.“NEWS, Sigrun Corrigan, Bay Area arts patron, dies, Carolyne Zinko, July 3, 2008, San Francisco Chronicle,articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-03/bay-area/17174224_1_mrs-corrigan-lsi-logic-ballet-san-jose, File:Robert McNamara official portrait.jpg|Robert McNamara, BA 1937, 5th President of World Bank, 8th United States Secretary of Defense, President of Ford Motor CompanyFile:Edwin Meese publicity shot (cropped).jpg|Ed Meese, LL.B. 1958, 75th United States Attorney GeneralFile:Daniel Kahneman (3283955327) (cropped).jpg|Daniel Kahneman, PhD 1961, awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in Prospect theoryFile:HD.3F.004 (11086396296).jpg|Harold Urey, PhD 1923, Nobel laureate and discoverer of deuterium |alt=Harold Urey, PhD 1923, Nobel laureate and discoverer of deuterium

Faculty and staff

{{Further||List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley}}File:University of California Radiation Laboratory staff on the magnet yoke for the 60-inch cyclotron, 1938.jpg|thumb| University of California Radiation Laboratory staff on the magnet yoke for the 60-inch cyclotron, 1938; Nobel prizewinners Ernest Lawrence, Edwin McMillan, and Luis Alvarez are shown, in addition to J. Robert Oppenheimer and Robert R. WilsonRobert R. Wilson

• Shiing-Shen Chern, a leading geometer of the 20th century, co-founded the renowned Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and served as its founding Director until 1984.WEB,www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/12/06_chern.shtml, 12.06.2004 â€“ Renowned mathematician Shiing-Shen Chern, who revitalized the study of geometry, has died at 93 in Tianjin, China, www.berkeley.edu, March 8, 2016, WEB,www.msri.org/web/msri/about-msri/history, MSRI, MSRI, www.msri.org, March 8, 2016,
• Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was scientific director of the Manhattan Project and was the founder of the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics.WEB,ctp.berkeley.edu/history.html, BCTP History, ctp.berkeley.edu, March 8, 2016,ctp.berkeley.edu/history.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20160305055832ctp.berkeley.edu/history.html,">web.archive.org/web/20160305055832ctp.berkeley.edu/history.html, March 5, 2016, dead,
• Faculty member Edward Teller was (together with Stanislaw Ulam) the “father of the hydrogen bomb”, who laid important foundations for the establishment of Space Sciences Laboratory at Berkeley.WEB,www.ssl.berkeley.edu/about/history/, History, Space Sciences Laboratory, en-US, March 8, 2016, May 16, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190516111341/https://www.ssl.berkeley.edu/about/history/, dead,
• Ernest Lawrence, a Nobel laureate in physics who invented the cyclotron at Berkeley, and founded the Radiation Laboratory on campus, which later became the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.WEB,history.lbl.gov/, Berkeley Lab History â€“ 75 Years of World-Class Science, history.lbl.gov, March 8, 2016,
• Gilbert N. Lewis, former Dean of the College of Chemistry, was nominated 41 times for Nobel Prize in Chemistry.WEB,www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=5441, Nomination Database Gilbert N. Lewis, NobelPrize.org, May 10, 2016, WEB,www.atomicheritage.org/profile/gilbert-n-lewis, Gilbert N. Lewis, Atomic Heritage Foundation, en, March 9, 2019, He mentored and influenced numerous Berkeley Nobel laureates, including Harold Urey (1934 Nobel Prize), William F. Giauque (1949 Nobel Prize), Glenn T. Seaborg (1951 Nobel Prize), Willard Libby (1960 Nobel Prize), and Melvin Calvin (1961 Nobel Prize).WEB,lemelson.mit.edu/resources/gilbert-newton-lewis, Gilbert Newton Lewis {{!, Lemelson-MIT Program |website=lemelson.mit.edu |access-date=March 9, 2019 |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411010110lemelson.mit.edu/resources/gilbert-newton-lewis |url-status=dead}}JOURNAL, Harris, Reviewed By Harold H., November 1, 1999, A Biography of Distinguished Scientist Gilbert Newton Lewis (by Edward S. Lewis), Journal of Chemical Education, 76, 11, 1487, 10.1021/ed076p1487, 1999JChEd..76.1487H, 0021-9584, free,
• Glenn T. Seaborg, a Nobel laureate in chemistry who discovered or co-discovered ten chemical elements at Berkeley and served as Chancellor from 1958 to 1961.WEB,vm136.lib.berkeley.edu/BANC/CalHistory/chancellor.seaborg.html, Days of Cal {{!, Glenn T. Seaborg |website=vm136.lib.berkeley.edu |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308164352vm136.lib.berkeley.edu/BANC/CalHistory/chancellor.seaborg.html |url-status=dead}}WEB,www2.lbl.gov/Publications/Seaborg/bio.htm, Glenn T. Seaborg â€“ His Biography, www2.lbl.gov, March 8, 2016,
• Hans Albert Einstein, the first son of Albert Einstein and a world’s leading scholar in hydraulic engineering, was a long-time faculty member at Berkeley.WEB,texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb9k4009c7&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=div00013&toc.depth=1&toc.id=, University of California: In Memoriam, March 1976, texts.cdlib.org, July 7, 2019,
• Steven Chu (PhD 1976), the 12th United States Secretary of Energy and Nobel laureate in physics, was Director of Berkeley Lab from 2004 to 2009.
• Janet Yellen, 78th United States Secretary of the Treasury and the 15th Chair of the Federal Reserve, is a professor emeritus at Berkeley Haas School of Business and the Department of Economics.WEB,facultybio.haas.berkeley.edu/faculty-list/yellen-janet/, Janet Yellen {{!, Faculty Directory {{!}} Berkeley-Haas |website=facultybio.haas.berkeley.edu |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=October 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084700facultybio.haas.berkeley.edu/faculty-list/yellen-janet/ |url-status=dead}}WEB,www.econ.berkeley.edu/faculty/862, Faculty profiles {{!, Department of Economics |website=www.econ.berkeley.edu |access-date=March 8, 2016}}

Alumni

Government

Berkeley alumni have served in a range of prominent government offices, both domestic and foreign, including Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (Earl Warren, BA, JD); United States Attorney General (Edwin Meese III, JD); United States Secretary of State (Dean Rusk, LLB); United States Secretary of the Treasury (W. Michael Blumenthal, BA, and G. William Miller, JD); United States Secretary of Defense (Robert McNamara, BS); United States Secretary of the Interior (Franklin Knight Lane, 1887); United States Secretary of Transportation and United States Secretary of Commerce (Norman Mineta, BS); United States Secretary of Agriculture (Ann Veneman, MPP); National Security Advisor (Robert C. O’Brien, JD); scores of federal judges and members of the United States Congress (10 currently serving) and United States Foreign Service; governors of California (George C. Pardee; Hiram W. Johnson; Earl Warren, BA and LLB; Jerry Brown, BA; and Pete Wilson, JD), Michigan (Jennifer Granholm, BA), and the United States Virgin Islands (Walter A. Gordon, BA); Chief of Staff of the United States Army (Frederick C. Weyand, Class of 1938); Lieutenant General of the United States Army (Jimmy Doolittle); Vice Admiral of the United States Navy (Murry L. Royar, Class of 1916); Major General of the United States Marine Corps (Oliver Prince Smith); Brigadier General of the United States Marine Corps (Bertram A. Bone); Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (John A. McCone, BS); chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisers (Michael Boskin, BA, PhD.; Sandra Black, BA; Jesse Rothstein, PhD; Robert Seamans, PhD; Jay Shambaugh, PhD; James Stock, MA, PhD); Governor of the Federal Reserve System (H. Robert Heller, PhD) and President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (William C. Dudley, PhD); Commissioners of the SEC (Troy A. Paredes, BA) and the FCC (Rachelle Chong, BA); and United States Surgeon General (Kenneth P. Moritsugu, MPH).Foreign alumni include the President of Colombia 1922–1926, (Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, BA, Mining Engineering); the President of Mexico (Francisco I. Madero, attended 1892–93); the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan; the Premier of the Republic of China (Sun Fo, BA); the President of Costa Rica (Miguel Angel Rodriguez, MA, PhD); and members of parliament of the United Kingdom (House of Lords, Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn, BS), India (Rajya Sabha, the upper house, Prithviraj Chavan, MS); Iran (Mohammad Javad Larijani, PhD); Nigerian Minister of Science and Technology and first Executive Governor of Abia State (Ogbonnaya Onu, PhD Chemical Engineering); Barbados’ Ambassador to Brazil (Tonika Sealy-Thompson). Alumni have also served in many supranational posts, notable among which are President of the World Bank (Robert McNamara, BS); Deputy Prime Minister of Spain and managing director of the International Monetary Fund (Rodrigo Rato, MBA); executive director of UNICEF (Ann Veneman, MPP); member of the European Parliament (Bruno Megret, MS); and judge of the World Court (Joan Donoghue, JD).

Science

Alumni have made important contributions to science. Some have concentrated their studies on the very small universe of atoms and molecules. Nobel laureate William F. Giauque (BS 1920, PhD 1922) investigated chemical thermodynamics, Nobel laureate Willard Libby (BS 1931, PhD 1933) pioneered radiocarbon dating, Nobel laureate Willis Lamb (BS 1934, PhD 1938) examined the hydrogen spectrum, Nobel laureate Hamilton O. Smith (BA 1952) applied restriction enzymes to molecular genetics, Nobel laureate Robert Laughlin (BA math 1972) explored the fractional quantum Hall effect, and Nobel laureate Andrew Fire (BA math 1978) helped to discover RNA interference-gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. Nobel laureate Glenn T. Seaborg (PhD 1937) collaborated with Albert Ghiorso (BS 1913) to discover 12 chemical elements, such as americium, berkelium, and californium. David Bohm (PhD 1943) discovered Bohm diffusion. Nobel laureate Yuan T. Lee (PhD 1965) developed the crossed molecular beam technique for studying chemical reactions. Carol Greider (PhD 1987), professor of molecular biology and genetics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the genetic operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines of research into cancer. Harvey Itano (BS 1942) conducted breakthrough work on sickle cell anemia that marked the first time a disease was linked to a molecular origin. While he was valedictorian of Berkeley’s class of 1942, he was unable to attend commencement exercises due to internment.NEWS, Maugh, Thomas, Harvey Itano dies at 89; researcher whose studies provided a breakthrough on sickle cell disease,www.latimes.com/features/health/la-me-harvey-itano-20100612-story.html, Los Angeles Times, May 12, 2014, Narendra Karmarkar (PhD 1983) is known for the interior point method, a polynomial algorithm for linear programming known as Karmarkar’s algorithm.{{MathGenealogy|id=106239}} National Medal of Science laureate Chien-Shiung Wu (PhD 1940), often known as the “Chinese Madame Curie”, disproved the Law of Conservation of Parity for which she was awarded the inaugural Wolf Prize in Physics.MAGAZINE, Weinstock, Maia, Channeling Ada Lovelace: Chien-Shiung Wu, Courageous Hero of Physics,blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2013/10/15/channeling-ada-lovelace-chien-shiung-wu-courageous-hero-of-physics/, Scientific American, May 12, 2014, Kary Mullis (PhD 1973) was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in developing the polymerase chain reaction,JOURNAL, Shampo, MA, Kary Mullis—Nobel Laureate for Procedure to Replicate DNA, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, July 2002, 606, 12108595, 10.4065/77.7.606, 77, 7, free, a method for amplifying DNA sequences. Olga Hartman (Master’s 1933, PhD 1936) was a zoologist who described hundreds of species of polychaete worms.Böggemann, Markus; Purschke, G.; Westheide, Wilfried (2019). Handbook of Zoology, Volume 1: Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. De Gruyter. pp. 19, 27-29. {{ISBN|9783110291681}}. {{OCLC|1399979202}}.Hartman, Olga (1933). “Revision of the California species of polychaetous annelids of the family Spionidae”. M.A. University of California. {{OCLC|25496285}}.Hartman, Olga (1936). “Polychaetous annelids of the littoral zone of California”. Ph. D. University of California. {{OCLC|18237529}}. Daniel Kahneman was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in Prospect theory. Richard O. Buckius, engineer, Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering ‘72, Masters ‘73, PhD ‘75, currently Chief Operating Officer of the National Science Foundation. Edward P. Tryon (PhD 1967) is the physicist who first said our universe originated from a quantum fluctuation of the vacuum.JOURNAL, Tryon, Edward P., Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation?, Nature, 246, 5433, 396–397, 10.1038/246396a0, 1973, 1973Natur.246..396T, 4166499, BOOK, Impey, Chris, How It Began: A Time-Travelers Guide To the Universe, 2012, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, United States, 978-0-393-08002-5, 411, First,archive.org/details/howitbegantimetr0000impe/page/411, BOOK, Parsons, Paul, The Big Bang: The Birth of Our Universe, 2001, DK Publishing, Inc., London, 0-7894-8161-8, 36,archive.org/details/bigbang00pars/page/36, John N. Bahcall (BS 1956) worked on the Standard Solar Model and the Hubble Space Telescope,NEWS,www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1758833,00.html, The Times(United Kingdom), September 1, 2005, Obituaries â€“ Professor John Bahcall, London, May 27, 2010, Deirdre, Hipwell, resulting in a National Medal of Science. Peter Smith (BS 1969) was the principal investigator and project leader for the NASA robotic explorer Phoenix,PRESS RELEASE, Peter Smith Named Thomas R. Brown Distinguished Chair in Integrative Science,uanews.org/node/19742, March 15, 2008,uanews.org/node/19742," title="web.archive.org/web/20081203162358uanews.org/node/19742,">web.archive.org/web/20081203162358uanews.org/node/19742, December 3, 2008, dead, University of Arizona, University Communications, January 10, 2023, which physically confirmed the presence of water on the planet Mars for the first time.WEB,www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/news/phoenix-20080731.html, NASA Spacecraft Confirms Martian Water, Mission Extended, July 31, 2008, NASA, Astronauts James van Hoften (BS 1966), Margaret Rhea Seddon (BA 1970), Leroy Chiao (BS 1983), and Rex Walheim (BS 1984) have orbited the Earth in NASA’s fleet of Space Shuttles.

Business

Undergraduate alumni have founded or cofounded such companies as Apple Computer,Apple Computer was co-founded by Steve Wozniak( BS 1986). NEWS,articles.latimes.com/1986-05-14/news/vw-5389_1_steve-wozniak, A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak’s Eye, May 14, 1986, Los Angeles Times, Harriet Stix, Intel,Intel was co-founded by Gordon Moore (BS 1950). WEB, Intel chairman awarded UC Berkeley’s highest honor at Silicon Valley tribute,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/96legacy/Moore.html, July 17, 1996, Jose Rodriguez, University of California at Berkeley Public Information Office, LSI LogicLSI Logic was cofounded by Robert Walker (BS EE 1958). JOURNAL, Contributors (August 1970), August 1970, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 5, 4, 168–169, 0018-9200, 10.1109/JSSC.1970.1050102, 1970IJSSC...5..168., The Gap,The Gap was founded by Donald Fisher (BS 1951), who served as its inaugural president and chairman of the board. JOURNAL, Business Visionary Don Fisher, BS 51,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2009/alumni05.html, Fall 2009, Obituaries, Cal Business, University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business, January 16, 2015,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2009/alumni05.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20160417002330www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2009/alumni05.html,">web.archive.org/web/20160417002330www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2009/alumni05.html, April 17, 2016, dead, MySpace,MySpace was cofounded by Tom Anderson (BA 1998). NEWS,www.theguardian.com/media/2008/jun/23/myspace.tomanderson, The Guardian (publication in the United Kingdom), Owen Gibson, 200 million friends and counting, June 23, 2008, London, PowerBar,PowerBar was cofounded by Brian Maxwell (BA 1975) and his wife Jennifer Maxwell (BS 1988). WEB,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/03/22_maxwell.shtml, UC Berkeley News, Cal mourns passing of Brian Maxwell, former coach, runner, PowerBar founder, and philanthropist, March 22, 2004, Berkeley Systems,Berkeley Systems and MoveOn.org were cofounded by Joan Blades (BA 1977). JOURNAL, Hawkes, Ellen, Joan Blades,www.msmagazine.com/dec03/woty2003_blades.asp, Winter 2003, Women of the Year 2003, Ms. (magazine), Ms. Magazine, January 16, 2015,www.msmagazine.com/dec03/woty2003_blades.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20160605151921www.msmagazine.com/dec03/woty2003_blades.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20160605151921www.msmagazine.com/dec03/woty2003_blades.asp, June 5, 2016, dead, Bolt, Beranek and NewmanBolt, Beranek and Newman was cofounded by Richard Bolt (BA 1933, MA 1937, PhD 1939). WEB,acousticalsociety.org/about/awards/gold/12_10_10_bolt, Acoustical Society of America Gold Medal Award â€“ 1979 Richard Henry Bolt, 1979, Acoustical Society of America, Leo L. Beranek, dead,archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120609153917/http://acousticalsociety.org/about/awards/gold/12_10_10_bolt, June 9, 2012, (which created a number of underlying technologies that govern the Internet), Chez Panisse,Chez Panisse was founded by Alice Waters (BA 1967). NEWS,topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/w/alice_waters/index.html, Alice Waters, The New York Times, Andrew, Martin, May 27, 2010, ; and NEWS,www.nytimes.com/1996/08/14/garden/alice-waters-food-revolutionary.html, Alice Waters: Food Revolutionary, Marian Burros, August 14, 1996, The New York Times, GrandCentral (known now as Google Voice),GrandCentral (known now as Google Voice) was cofounded by Craig Walker (BA 1988, JD 1995). JOURNAL,www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/entrepreneurship/speakers.html#walker, A Symposium on Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship March 7–8, 2008 â€“ Speakers, Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 2008, dead,www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/entrepreneurship/speakers.html#walker," title="web.archive.org/web/20080516200705www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/entrepreneurship/speakers.html#walker,">web.archive.org/web/20080516200705www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/entrepreneurship/speakers.html#walker, May 16, 2008, HTC Corporation,HTC Corporation and VIA Technologies were cofounded by Cher Wang (BA 1980, MA 1981). NEWS,www.nytimes.com/2008/10/27/technology/companies/27wang.html, Laura Holson, October 26, 2008, With Smartphones, Cher Wang Made Her Own Fortune, The New York Times, VIA Technologies, Marvell Technology Group,Marvell Technology Group was founded by Weili Dai, (BA Computer Science 1984) and her husband Sehat Sutardja (MS 1983, PhD 1988 EECS) and brother-in-law Pantas Sutardjai (MS 1983, PhD 1988 ). WEB,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2009/02/27_citris.shtml, Sarah Yang, February 27, 2009, Dedication of new CITRIS headquarters marks new stage of innovation to help fuel economic growth, University of California, Berkeley and the UC Regents, MoveOn.org, Opsware,Opsware was cofounded by In Sik Rhee (BS EECS 1993).MAGAZINE,www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.08/loudcloud_pr.html, David Sheff, August 2008, Crank it up, Wired Magazine, RedOctane,RedOctane was cofounded by brothers Charles Huang (BA 1992 ) and Kai Huang (BA CS 1994). WEB,www.inc.com/magazine/20081001/just-play_pagen_5.html, Just Play â€“ Guitar Hero, Inc Magazine, Don Steinberg, October 1, 2008, Rimon Law P.C.,JOURNAL, Ward, Stephanie Francis, Moradzadeh and Silberman Maintain High-Tech, No-Pomp Practice,www.abajournal.com/legalrebels/article/moradzadeh_and_silberman_pairing_and_paring, September 12, 2012, ABA Journal, February 25, 2016, SanDisk,SanDisk was cofounded by Sanjay Mehrotra (BS 1978, MS EE 1980). WEB,sandisk.com/about-sandisk/management, Corporate Officers, SanDisk, Scharffen Berger Chocolate Maker,Scharffen Berger Chocolate Maker was cofounded by John Scharffenberger (BA 1973). NEWS,www.dailycal.org/article/104091/berkeley_scharffen_berger_factory_to_close, Berkeley Scharffen Berger Factory to Close, Daily Californian, Jessica Kwong, January 29, 2009, February 18, 2010, May 13, 2011,www.dailycal.org/article/104091/berkeley_scharffen_berger_factory_to_close," title="web.archive.org/web/20110513150903www.dailycal.org/article/104091/berkeley_scharffen_berger_factory_to_close,">web.archive.org/web/20110513150903www.dailycal.org/article/104091/berkeley_scharffen_berger_factory_to_close, dead, VMwareVMware was cofounded by Edward Wang (BS EECS 1983, MS 1988, PhD 1994), along with Diane Greene (MS CS 1988) and her husband Mendel Rosenblum (MS 1989, PhD 1992). WEB,www.vmware.com/company/leadership.html, VMware, VMware Leadership, and Zilog,Zilog was cofounded by Ralph Ungermannn (BSEE 1964). NEWS,www.nytimes.com/1988/02/19/business/business-people-ungermann-bass-chairman-finds-a-merger-he-likes.html?pagewanted=1, The New York Times, Business People: Ungermann-Bass Chairman Finds a Merger He Likes, Lawrence M. Fisher, February 19, 1988, while graduate school alumni have cofounded companies such as DHL,DHL was cofounded by Larry Hillblom (Law 1969). NEWS,www.nytimes.com/1995/05/23/us/larry-l-hillblom-52-founder-of-dhl-worldwide-express.html?pagewanted=1, Larry L. Hillblom, 52, Founder Of DHL Worldwide Express, Saul Hansell, May 23, 1995, The New York Times, KeyHole Inc (known now as Google Earth),KeyHole Inc (known now as Google Earth) was cofounded by John Hanke (MBA 1996). WEB,www.haas.berkeley.edu/innovation/innovation1.html, University of California, Berkeley, Haas Alumnus Maps the Future at Google Earth, February 18, 2010,www.haas.berkeley.edu/innovation/innovation1.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100118123944www.haas.berkeley.edu/innovation/innovation1.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100118123944www.haas.berkeley.edu/innovation/innovation1.html, January 18, 2010, dead, Sun Microsystems,Sun Microsystems was cofounded by Bill Joy (MS 1982). WEB,www.engin.umich.edu/newscenter/feature/goffsmith/, 2009 Goff Smith Lecture: Bill Joy, The Promise of Green Technologies, October 16, 2009, University of Michigan College of Engineering, dead,www.engin.umich.edu/newscenter/feature/goffsmith/," title="web.archive.org/web/20091021141007www.engin.umich.edu/newscenter/feature/goffsmith/,">web.archive.org/web/20091021141007www.engin.umich.edu/newscenter/feature/goffsmith/, October 21, 2009, and The Learning Company.The Learning Company was cofounded by Warren Robinett (MS 1976). JOURNAL, Kuekes, P. J., Robinett, W., Williams, R. S., September 2006, Effect of Conductance Variability on Resistor-Logic Demultiplexers for Nanoelectronics, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 5, 5, 446–454, 1536-125X, 10.1109/TNANO.2006.880405, 2006ITNan...5..446K, 26435923, Berkeley alumni have also led various technology companies such as Electronic Arts,John Riccitiello (BS 1981) has served as the CEO of Electronic Arts since 2007, and previously served as the president and COO of the company from 1996 to 2003. He is also the cofounder of Elevation Partners (with U2 singer Bono). WEB,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2007/profile_riccitiello.html, University of California Berkeley, Haas School of Business â€“ John Riccitiello, BS 81, HarmonyService, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Fall 2007, May 17, 2010,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2007/profile_riccitiello.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130513090118www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2007/profile_riccitiello.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130513090118www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/pubs/calbusiness/fall2007/profile_riccitiello.html, May 13, 2013, dead, Google,Eric Schmidt (MS 1979, PhD 1982) has been the CEO of Google since 2001. JOURNAL, Pescovitz, David, Eric Schmidt Searches and Finds Success (Again),coe.berkeley.edu/labnotes/0103/history.html, Lab Notes: Research from the Berkeley College of Engineering, 3, 1 (Jan/Feb 2003), College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, January 16, 2015, May 27, 2014, Adobe Systems, Softbank (Masayoshi Son) and Qualcomm.Paul Jacobs (BS 1984, MS 1986, PhD 1989 EECS) has been the CEO of Qualcomm since 2005. WEB,innovations.coe.berkeley.edu/vol2-issue10-nov08/pauljacobs, Mobile Phone Metamorphosis, Abby Cohn, “Innovations” by UC Berkeley College of Engineering, November 2008, 2, 10, May 17, 2010,innovations.coe.berkeley.edu/vol2-issue10-nov08/pauljacobs," title="web.archive.org/web/20100609160216innovations.coe.berkeley.edu/vol2-issue10-nov08/pauljacobs,">web.archive.org/web/20100609160216innovations.coe.berkeley.edu/vol2-issue10-nov08/pauljacobs, June 9, 2010, dead,

Computers

Berkeley alumni have developed a number of key technologies associated with the personal computer and the Internet.“Berkeley Unix worked so well that DARPA chose it for the preferred ‘universal computing environment’ to link ARPANET research nodes, thus setting in place an essential piece of infrastructure for the later growth of the Internet. An entire generation of computer scientists cut their teeth on Berkeley Unix. Without it, the Net might well have evolved into a shape similar to what it is today, but with it, the Net exploded.” NEWS,www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html, BSD Unix: Power to the people, from the code, Andrew Leonard, Salon.com, May 16, 2000, dead,www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20051204135210www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html,">web.archive.org/web/20051204135210www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html, December 4, 2005, Unix was created by alumnus Ken Thompson (BS 1965, MS 1966) along with colleague Dennis Ritchie. Alumni such as L. Peter DeutschDeutsch was awarded a 1992 citation by the Association for Computing Machinery for his work on Interlisp(WEB,awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2925352&srt=all&aw=149&ao=SOFTWSYS, ACM Award Citation â€“ L. Peter Deutsch, dead,awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2925352&srt=all&aw=149&ao=SOFTWSYS," title="web.archive.org/web/20120504100004awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2925352&srt=all&aw=149&ao=SOFTWSYS,">web.archive.org/web/20120504100004awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2925352&srt=all&aw=149&ao=SOFTWSYS, May 4, 2012, )L. Peter Deutsch is profiled on pages 30, 31, 43, 53, 54, 66 (which mentions Deutsch beginning his freshman year at Berkeley), and page 87 in the following book: BOOK, Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, Steven Levy, Penguin Books, January 2, 2001, 0-385-19195-2, Steven Levy, L. Peter Deutsch is profiled in pages 69, 70–72, 118, 146, 227, 230, 280, 399 of the following book: BOOK, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age, Michael A. Hiltzik, Collins Business, 0-88730-891-0, March 3, 1999,archive.org/details/dealersoflightni00hilt, (PhD 1973), Butler Lampson (PhD 1967), and Charles P. Thacker (BS 1967)WEB,www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/index.php?id=112, Computer History Museum, 2007, Fellow Awards â€“ Charles Thacker, worked with Ken Thompson on Project Genie and then formed the ill-fated US Department of Defense-funded Berkeley Computer Corporation (BCC), which was scattered throughout the Berkeley campus in non-descript offices to avoid anti-war protestors.BOOK, Dealers of Lightning: Xerox Parc and the Dawn of the Computer Age, Michael A. Hiltzik, Collins Business, 70, 0-88730-891-0, March 3, 1999,archive.org/details/dealersoflightni00hilt/page/70, After BCC failed, Deutsch, Lampson, and Thacker joined Xerox PARC, where they developed a number of pioneering computer technologies, culminating in the Xerox Alto that inspired the Apple Macintosh. In particular, the Alto used a computer mouse, which had been invented by Doug Engelbart (BEng 1952, PhD 1955). Thompson, Lampson, Engelbart, and ThackerNEWS, USA Today, Charles Thacker wins Turing Award, computing’s ‘Nobel prize’, Elizabeth Weise, March 15, 2010,content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2010/03/charles-thacker-wins-turing-award-computings-nobel-prize/1, all later received a Turing Award. Also at Xerox PARC was Ronald Schmidt (BS 1966, MS 1968, PhD 1971), who became known as “the man who brought Ethernet to the masses.“NEWS,query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C01E2DE163AF934A15751C0A962958260, Sound Bytes; On Building a Better Highway, Lawrence M. Fisher, The New York Times, February 27, 1994, Another Xerox PARC researcher, Charles Simonyi (BS 1972), pioneered the first WYSIWIG word processor program and was recruited personally by Bill Gates to join the fledgling company known as Microsoft to create Microsoft Word. Simonyi later became the first repeat space tourist, blasting off on Russian Soyuz rockets to work at the International Space Station orbiting the Earth.In 1977, a graduate student in the computer science department named Bill Joy (MS 1982) assembledNEWS,www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html, BSD Unix: Power to the people, from the code, Andrew Leonard, Salon.com, May 16, 2000, dead,www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20051204135210www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html,">web.archive.org/web/20051204135210www.salon.com/tech/fsp/2000/05/16/chapter_2_part_one/print.html, December 4, 2005, the original Berkeley Software Distribution, commonly known as BSD Unix. Joy, who went on to co-found Sun Microsystems, also developed the original version of the terminal console editor vi, while Ken Arnold (BA 1985) created Curses, a terminal control library for Unix-like systems that enables the construction of text user interface (TUI) applications. Working alongside Joy at Berkeley were undergraduates William Jolitz (BS 1997) and his future wife Lynne Jolitz (BA 1989), who together created 386BSD, a version of BSD Unix that runs on Intel CPUs and evolved into the BSD family of free operating systems and the Darwin operating system underlying Apple Mac OS X.NEWS,www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/05/17/386bsd/print.html, The unknown hackers â€“ Open-source pioneers Bill and Lynne Jolitz may be the most famous programmers you’ve never heard of, Rachel Chalmers, Salon.com, May 17, 2000, dead,www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/05/17/386bsd/print.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20051109065644www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/05/17/386bsd/print.html,">web.archive.org/web/20051109065644www.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/05/17/386bsd/print.html, November 9, 2005, Eric Allman (BS 1977, MS 1980) created SendMail, a Unix mail transfer agent that delivers about 12 percent of the email in the world.WEB,www.securityspace.com/s_survey/data/man.201112/mxsurvey.html, Security Space, Mail (MX) Server Survey, January 1, 2012, E-Soft Inc, The XCF, an undergraduate research group located in Soda Hall, has been responsible for a number of notable software projects, including GTK+ (created by Peter Mattis, BS 1997), The GIMP (Spencer Kimball, BS 1996), and the initial diagnosis of the Morris worm.WEB, eXperimental Computer Facility’s proud present and impressive past, February 10, 2003, Engineering News,www.coe.berkeley.edu/engnews/spring03/4S/XCF.html, February 13, 2009, dead,www.coe.berkeley.edu/engnews/spring03/4S/XCF.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080517144203www.coe.berkeley.edu/engnews/spring03/4S/XCF.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080517144203www.coe.berkeley.edu/engnews/spring03/4S/XCF.html, May 17, 2008, In 1992, Pei-Yuan Wei,Pei-Yuan Wei’s contributions are profiled on pages 56, 64, 68, and 83, in the World Wide Web creator’s autobiography (BOOK, Weaving the Web, Tim Berners-Lee, Collins Business, November 7, 2001, 0-06-251586-1, Tim Berners-Lee, ) an undergraduate at the XCF, created ViolaWWW, one of the first graphical web browsers. ViolaWWW was the first browser to have embedded scriptable objects, stylesheets, and tables. In the spirit of Open Source, he donated the code to Sun Microsystems, inspiring Java applets. ViolaWWW also inspired researchers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to create the Mosaic web browser,BOOK, Weaving the Web, Tim Berners-Lee, Collins Business, November 7, 2001, 68, 83, 0-06-251586-1, Tim Berners-Lee, a pioneering web browser that became Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Pulitzer Prize winners

Alumni collectively have won at least twenty-five Pulitzer Prizes. Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist Marguerite Higgins (BA 1941) was a pioneering female war correspondent“General Walton H. Walker had ordered her out of Korea..... Like many another soldier, old and young, General Walker was convinced that women do not belong in a combat zone... General Douglas MacArthur reversed Walker’s ruling. To the Herald Tribune, MacArthur sent a soothing telegram: ‘Ban on women correspondents in Korea has been lifted. Marguerite Higgins is held in highest professional esteem by everyone.’” MAGAZINE,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821303,00.html,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821303,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070930095525www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821303,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070930095525www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821303,00.html, dead, September 30, 2007, The Press: Last Word, Time (magazine), Time, July 31, 1950, MAGAZINE, The Press: Pride of the Regiment, Time (magazine), Time,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813360-1,00.html,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813360-1,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110516040355www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813360-1,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110516040355www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,813360-1,00.html, dead, May 16, 2011, September 25, 1950, who covered World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.MAGAZINE,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835015-1,00.html,www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835015-1,00.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110516040411www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835015-1,00.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110516040411www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,835015-1,00.html, dead, May 16, 2011, Time (magazine), Time, Columnists: Lady at War, January 14, 1966, Novelist Robert Penn Warren (MA 1927) won three Pulitzer Prizes,WEB,www.biography.com/articles/Robert-Penn-Warren-9524366, The Biography Channel, Robert Penn Warren, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2008, dead,www.biography.com/articles/Robert-Penn-Warren-9524366," title="web.archive.org/web/20100830145048www.biography.com/articles/Robert-Penn-Warren-9524366,">web.archive.org/web/20100830145048www.biography.com/articles/Robert-Penn-Warren-9524366, August 30, 2010, including one for his novel All the King’s Men, which was later made into an Academy Award-winningNominated for seven Academy Awards, All the King’s Men won Oscars for Best Picture of 1949, Best Actor (Broderick Crawford), and Best Supporting Actress (Mercedes McCambridge) NEWS,movies.nytimes.com/movie/1609/All-the-King-s-Men/overview,movies.nytimes.com/movie/1609/All-the-King-s-Men/overview," title="web.archive.org/web/20071102084026movies.nytimes.com/movie/1609/All-the-King-s-Men/overview,">web.archive.org/web/20071102084026movies.nytimes.com/movie/1609/All-the-King-s-Men/overview, dead, November 2, 2007, All the King’s Men â€“ Review Summary, Bosley Crowther, Movies & TV Dept., The New York Times, Bosley Crowther, 2007, May 27, 2010, movie. Pulitzer Prize–winning cartoonist Rube Goldberg (BS 1904) invented the comically complex—yet ultimately trivial—contraptions known as Rube Goldberg machines. Journalist Alexandra Berzon (MA 2006) won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009,NEWS,www.dailycal.org/article/105393/journalism_school_alumna_part_of_pulitzer-prize_wi, April 23, 2009, Journalism School Alumna Part Of Pulitzer-Prize Winning Staff, Shannon Lee, The Daily Californian, April 16, 2010, April 24, 2009,www.dailycal.org/article/105393/journalism_school_alumna_part_of_pulitzer-prize_wi," title="web.archive.org/web/20090424234234www.dailycal.org/article/105393/journalism_school_alumna_part_of_pulitzer-prize_wi,">web.archive.org/web/20090424234234www.dailycal.org/article/105393/journalism_school_alumna_part_of_pulitzer-prize_wi, dead, and journalist Matt Richtel (BA 1989), who also coauthors the comic strip Rudy Park under the pen name of “Theron Heir”,NEWS,topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/r/matt_richtel/index.html, Matt Richtel, The New York Times, April 12, 2010, May 27, 2010, Ashlee, Vance, Ashlee Vance, won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting.WEB,www.pulitzer.org/biography/2010-National-Reporting, Matt Richtel, 2010, The Pulitzer Prizes, Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Leon Litwack (BAWEB,berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2005/09/14_litwack.shtml, Leon Litwack Rocks, The Berkeleyan and the UC Berkeley NewsCenter, September 14, 2005, Cathy Cockrell, 1951, PhD 1958) taught as a professor at UC Berkeley for 43 years;WEB,berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/05/08_litwack.shtml, Leon Litwack’s last stand, May 8, 2007, Cathy Cockrell, UC Berkeley NewsCenter (University of California, Berkeley), three other UC Berkeley professors have also received the Pulitzer Prize. Alumna and professor Susan Rasky won the Polk Award for journalism in 1991. USC Professor and Berkeley alumnus Viet Thanh Nguyen’s (PhD 1997) first novel The Sympathizer won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.WEB,www.pulitzer.org/winners/viet-thanh-nguyen, The Pulitzer Prizes, The Pulitzer Prizes â€“ Columbia University,

Fiction and screenwriters

Alumni have also written novels and screenplays that have attracted Oscar-caliber talent, including The Call of the Wild author Jack London. Irving Stone (BA 1923) wrote the novel Lust for Life, which was later made into an Academy Award-winning film of the same name starring Kirk Douglas as Vincent van Gogh. Stone also wrote The Agony and the Ecstasy, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar winner Charlton Heston as Michelangelo. Mona Simpson (BA 1979) wrote the novel Anywhere But Here, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar-winning actress Susan Sarandon. Terry McMillan (BA 1986) wrote How Stella Got Her Groove Back, which was later made into a film of the same name starring Oscar-nominated actress Angela Bassett. Randi Mayem Singer (BA 1979) wrote the screenplay for Mrs. Doubtfire, which starred Oscar-winning actor Robin Williams and Oscar-winning actress Sally Field. Audrey Wells (BA 1981) wrote the screenplay The Truth About Cats & Dogs, which starred Oscar-nominated actress Uma Thurman. James Schamus (BA 1982, MA 1987, PhD 2003) has collaborated on screenplays with Oscar-winning director Ang Lee on the Academy Award-winning movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Brokeback Mountain.

Academy Award winners

Collectively, alumni have won at least twenty Academy Awards. Gregory Peck (BA 1939), nominated for four Oscars during his career, won an Oscar for acting in To Kill a Mockingbird. Chris Innis (BA 1991) won the 2010 Oscar for film editing for her work on best picture winner, The Hurt Locker. Walter Plunkett (BA 1923) won an Oscar for costume design (for An American in Paris). Freida Lee Mock (BA 1961) and Charles H. Ferguson (BA 1978) have eachFreida Lee Mock (BA 1961) won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1995 for (Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision). WEB,www.pbs.org/pov/behindthelens/mock.php, Behind the Lens â€“ Extended Interviews with POV Filmmakers, Public Broadcasting Service and American Documentary Inc., March 4, 2011, September 17, 2017, October 16, 2015,www.pbs.org/pov/behindthelens/mock.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20151016050016www.pbs.org/pov/behindthelens/mock.php,">web.archive.org/web/20151016050016www.pbs.org/pov/behindthelens/mock.php, dead, Charles H. Ferguson (BA 1978) won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2011 for Inside Job. NEWS,www.theguardian.com/film/2011/feb/28/inside-job-best-documentary-oscar, The Guardian (United Kingdom), February 28, 2011, Andrew Pulver, Oscars 2011: Inside Job banks best documentary award, won an Oscar for documentary filmmaking. Mark Berger (BA 1964) has won four Oscars for sound mixing and is an adjunct professor at UC Berkeley.NEWS, UC Berkeley Professor Mixes Sound for Award Winning Films, Jawad Qadir, March 31, 2010,archive.dailycal.org/article/108855/uc_berkeley_professor_mixes_sound_for_award-winnin, The Daily Californian, dead,archive.dailycal.org/article/108855/uc_berkeley_professor_mixes_sound_for_award-winnin," title="web.archive.org/web/20121105121605archive.dailycal.org/article/108855/uc_berkeley_professor_mixes_sound_for_award-winnin,">web.archive.org/web/20121105121605archive.dailycal.org/article/108855/uc_berkeley_professor_mixes_sound_for_award-winnin, November 5, 2012, Edith Head (BA 1918), who was nominated for 34 Oscars during her career, won eight Oscars for costume design. Joe Letteri (BA 1981JOURNAL, California Magazine, June 2003, Talk of the Gown â€“ Blues in the News, Cal Alumni Association, ) has won four Oscars for Best Visual Effects in the James Cameron film Avatar and the Peter Jackson films King Kong, (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers), and (The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King).NEWS,triblive.com/home/1187547-85/movies-letteri-effects-oscar-movie-fourth-lord-native-rings-special, Beaver County native wins fourth Oscar for visual effects, Sandra Fischione Donovan, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, March 12, 2010,

Emmy Award winners

Alumni have collectively won at least twenty-five Emmy Awards: Jon Else (BA 1968) for cinematography; Andrew Schneider (BA 1973) for screenwriting; Linda Schacht (BA 1966, MA 1981), two for broadcast journalism;WEB,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/newspubs/haasnews/archives/hn022001.html, Haas NewsWire, February 20, 2001, Haas School of Business and the University of California, Berkeley, February 20, 2001, dead,www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/newspubs/haasnews/archives/hn022001.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080612151429www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/newspubs/haasnews/archives/hn022001.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080612151429www.haas.berkeley.edu/groups/newspubs/haasnews/archives/hn022001.html, June 12, 2008, WEB,journalism.berkeley.edu/program/television/faculty/, Television Program Faculty and Lecturers, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism and the Regents of the University of California, dead,journalism.berkeley.edu/program/television/faculty/," title="web.archive.org/web/20090412192516journalism.berkeley.edu/program/television/faculty/,">web.archive.org/web/20090412192516journalism.berkeley.edu/program/television/faculty/, April 12, 2009, Christine Chen (dual BA’s 1990), two for broadcast journalism;WEB,www.asianhalloffame.org/ceremony.htm#christinechen, 2007, Robert Chinn Foundation, Asian Hall of Fame â€“ Induction Ceremony, April 16, 2010,www.asianhalloffame.org/ceremony.htm#christinechen," title="web.archive.org/web/20081023102629www.asianhalloffame.org/ceremony.htm#christinechen,">web.archive.org/web/20081023102629www.asianhalloffame.org/ceremony.htm#christinechen, October 23, 2008, dead, Kristen Sze (BA), two for broadcast journalism;WEB, KGO-TV, KGO News, Meet the Team â€“ Kristen Sze,abclocal.go.com/kgo/bio?section=resources/inside_station/newsteam&id=5771724, dead,abclocal.go.com/kgo/bio?section=resources%2Finside_station%2Fnewsteam&id=5771724," title="web.archive.org/web/20081210033220abclocal.go.com/kgo/bio?section=resources%2Finside_station%2Fnewsteam&id=5771724,">web.archive.org/web/20081210033220abclocal.go.com/kgo/bio?section=resources%2Finside_station%2Fnewsteam&id=5771724, December 10, 2008, Kathy Baker (BA 1977), three for acting; Ken Milnes (BS 1977), four for broadcasting technology; and Leroy Sievers (BA),JOURNAL,www.abcnews.go.com/print?id=5197492, Colon Cancer Claims Veteran Journalist Leroy Sievers, August 16, 2008, ABC News, twelve for production. Elisabeth Leamy is the recipient of thirteen Emmy awards.WEB, MegaMetro NewsCenter Story Archives June–August 2000,www.geocities.ws/dcbaltotvnews/newsarchives/062000archives.htm, MegaMetro TV NewsCenter, November 7, 2014, NEWS, Maynard, John, Youth Is Served At Local Emmys,www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/18/AR2005061801146.html, November 7, 2014, The Washington Post, June 19, 2005, WEB, Elisabeth Leamy Bio,abcnews.go.com/News/elisabeth-leamy-abc-news-official-biography/story?id=1026778, ABC News, November 7, 2014,

Television

Alumni have acted in classic television series that are still broadcast on TV today. Karen Grassle (BA 1965) played Caroline Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie, Jerry Mathers (BA 1974) starred in Leave it to Beaver, and Roxann Dawson (BA 1980) portrayed B’Elanna Torres on (Star Trek: Voyager).

Music and entertainment

Former undergraduates have participated in the contemporary music industry, such as Grateful Dead bass guitarist Phil Lesh, the Police drummer Stewart Copeland,NEWS,movies.nytimes.com/person/85855/Stewart-Copeland/biography,movies.nytimes.com/person/85855/Stewart-Copeland/biography," title="web.archive.org/web/20130112204119movies.nytimes.com/person/85855/Stewart-Copeland/biography,">web.archive.org/web/20130112204119movies.nytimes.com/person/85855/Stewart-Copeland/biography, dead, January 12, 2013, Movies & TV Dept., The New York Times, 2013, Stewart Copeland, Rolling Stone Magazine founder Jann Wenner, the Bangles lead singer Susanna Hoffs (BA 1980), Counting Crows lead singer Adam Duritz, electronic music producer Giraffage, MTV correspondent Suchin Pak (BA 1997),WEB, MTV,www.mtv.com/news/correspondents/pak/bio.jhtml, SuChin Pak Biography â€“ Reporter, Host and Interviewer â€“ MTV News, AFI musicians Davey Havok and Jade Puget (BA 1996), and solo artist Marié Digby (“Say It Again“). People Magazine included Third Eye Blind lead singer and songwriter Stephan Jenkins (BA 1987) in the magazine’s list of 50 Most Beautiful People.MAGAZINE, May 10, 1999, People Magazine, Stephan Jenkins: Musician,www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20128175,00.html, Kendall Ross Bean became a master piano rebuilder and concert pianist, Bean first performed on a piano he rebuilt in one of the first classical music videos to be broadcast across the United States on the A&E Network which in 1985 had 18 million cable viewers. This broadcast coincided with MTV emerging as a medium for record production companies to use music videos to promote the albums of Rock and Pop stars. The novelty of a classical music video featuring a solo pianist and the inside view of piano hammers hitting strings, contrasted to the high production rock music videos caught media attention from coast to coast. The video was titled: (Kendall Ross Bean: Chopin Polonaise in A Flat). Karen Earle Lile, niece of Tony Terran became the Art Director/Executive Producer for the USPS Building Bridges Special Postal Cancellation Series and a Talk Show host for Sail Sport Talk on Sports Byline USA, a record producer JOURNAL, One-of-a-Kind Recording Project Fills Fantasy Studios: Karen Lile, an independent executive producer and co-owner of Piano Finders brings together Grammy winners and top producers for one special benefit album, Music Trades Magazine, December 2018, Published continuously since 1890, The Global Issue, 40–42, NEWS, Witt, Fred, 2 Weeks Inside Studio D, of Fantasy Studios,kcsm.org/jazz91/blog/2-weeks-inside-studio-d-of-fantasy-studios/, December 18, 2020, KCSM Jazz News, February 18, 2019, at Fantasy Studios and the historian who discovered the provenance of the Lost Lennon piano,NEWS, Gregorian, Dareh, LENNON’S PAL WANTS $1.6M FOR ‘LOST’ PIANO,nypost.com/2000/05/28/lennons-pal-wants-1-6m-for-lost-piano/, September 5, 2023, New York Post, May 28, 2000, afterwards known as the Lennon-Ono-Green-Warhol piano.NEWS, Fusek, Maggie, Lennon, Ono, Warhol Linked To Lost Baldwin by Bay Area Experts: The story behind the iconic Lennon-Ono-Green-Warhol piano valued over $3 million and how a Walnut Creek-based pair proved its authenticity.,patch.com/california/walnutcreek/lennon-ono-warhol-linked-lost-baldwin-bay-area-experts, September 4, 2023, Patch, September 2, 2023,

Sports

Alumni have also participated in the world of sports. Tennis athlete Helen Wills Moody (BA 1925) won 31 Grand Slam titles, including eight singles titles at Wimbledon. Tarik Glenn (BA 1999) is a Super Bowl XLI champion. Michele Tafoya (BA 1988) is a sports television reporter for ABC Sports and ESPN.WEB, Michele Tafoya ’s Monday Night Football Sideline Reporter; Play-By-Play and Sideline Commentator,www.espnmediazone.com/bios/Talent/Tafoya_Michele.htm, ESPN, dead,www.espnmediazone.com/bios/Talent/Tafoya_Michele.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080705094754www.espnmediazone.com/bios/Talent/Tafoya_Michele.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080705094754www.espnmediazone.com/bios/Talent/Tafoya_Michele.htm, July 5, 2008, Sports agent Leigh Steinberg (BA 1970, JD 1973) has represented professional athletes such as Steve Young, Troy Aikman, and Oscar De La Hoya; Steinberg has been called the real-life inspirationNEWS, Jerry Maguire aspires to be you, Daniel Roberts and Pablo S. Torre, Sports illustrated, April 11, 2012,sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/magazine/04/10/steinberg/index.html, for the title character in the Oscar-winningJerry Maguire was nominated for 5 Academy Awards, and won for Best Supporting Actor (Cuba Gooding, Jr.). film Jerry Maguire (portrayed by Tom Cruise). Matt Biondi (BA 1988) won eight Olympic gold medals during his swimming career, in which he participated in three different Olympics. At the Beijing Olympics in 2008, Natalie Coughlin (BA 2005) became the first American female athlete in modern Olympic history to win six medals in one Olympics.“The six medals she won are the most by an American woman in any sport, breaking the record she tied four years ago. Her career total matches the third-most by any U.S. athlete.” NEWS,stats.cbc.ca/olympics/story.asp?i=20080817063823933328708&%20ref=rec&tm=&src=OLYMPICS_DOLY_SWM, Coughlin’s 6 medals most by a US woman, Jaime Aron, August 17, 2008, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, dead,stats.cbc.ca/olympics/story.asp?i=20080817063823933328708&%20ref=rec&tm=&src=OLYMPICS_DOLY_SWM," title="web.archive.org/web/20110511093814stats.cbc.ca/olympics/story.asp?i=20080817063823933328708&%20ref=rec&tm=&src=OLYMPICS_DOLY_SWM,">web.archive.org/web/20110511093814stats.cbc.ca/olympics/story.asp?i=20080817063823933328708&%20ref=rec&tm=&src=OLYMPICS_DOLY_SWM, May 11, 2011,

Patrons

Berkeley alumni have long been among the billionaire ranks, their largess giving rise to many of the campus’ eponymous schools, pavilions, centers, institutes, and halls, and with the more prominent being J. Paul Getty, Ann Getty, Sanford Diller and Helen Diller, Donald Fisher, Flora Lamson Hewlett, David Schwartz (Bio-Rad) and members of the Haas (Walter A. Haas, Rhoda Haas Goldman, Walter A. Haas Jr., Peter E. Haas, Bob Haas) family. There are at least twenty-five living alumni billionaires: Gordon Moore (Intel founder), James Harris Simons (Renaissance Technologies), Masayoshi Son (SoftBank),WEB,www.forbes.com/profile/masayoshi-son/, Masayoshi Son, Forbes, May 12, 2018, Jon Stryker (Stryker Medical Equipment),WEB,www.forbes.com/profile/jon-stryker/, Jon Stryker, Forbes, April 12, 2016, Eric Schmidt (former Google Chairman) and Wendy Schmidt, Michael Milken, Bassam Alghanim, Kutayba Alghanim,WEB,www.forbes.com/profile/kutayba-alghanim/, Kutayba Alghanim, Forbes, April 12, 2016, Charles Simonyi (Microsoft), Cher Wang (HTC), Robert Haas (Levi Strauss & Co.), Carlos Rodriguez-Pastor (Interbank, Peru),NEWS, Robinson, Edward,www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-03/publicity-shy-tycoon-forging-modern-peru-amid-expanding-economy.html, Publicity Shy Tycoon Forging Modern Peru Amid Expanding Economy, Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, August 3, 2011, August 17, 2014, Fayez Sarofim, Daniel S. Loeb, Paul Merage, David Hindawi, Orion Hindawi, Bill Joy (Sun Microsystems founder), Victor Koo, Tony Xu (DoorDash), Lowell Milken, Nathaniel Simons and Laura Baxter-Simons, Elizabeth Simons and Mark Heising,WEB,www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/07/democratic-donor-james-simons-private-wealth-fund-tax-haven-paradise-papers, Democratic Donor Built up Vast $8bn Private Wealth Fund in Bermuda, November 7, 2007, The Guardian, Oleg Tinkov, Liong Tek Kwee (BS 1968), Liong Seen Kwee (BS 1974) and Alice Schwartz (BS 1947).

See also

• Blockeley
• Higher Education Recruitment Consortium
• Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute
• World Community Grid

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

• BOOK, Gray, Brechin, Gray Brechin, 1999, Imperial San Francisco, UC Press Ltd, 0-520-21568-0,
• BOOK, Susan Dinkelspiel, Cerny, 2001, Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California’s Architectural Heritage, Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association, 0-9706676-0-4,
• BOOK, Jo, Freeman, 2003, At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961–1965,archive.org/details/atberkeleyinsixt00free, registration, Indiana University Press, 0-253-21622-2,
• BOOK, Harvey, Helfand, 2001, University of California, Berkeley, Princeton Architectural Press, 1-56898-293-3,
• BOOK, W. J., Rorabaugh, 1990, Berkeley at War: The 1960s, Oxford University Press, 0-19-506667-7,
• AV MEDIA, Frederick Wiseman, Wiseman, Frederick (Director), 2013, At Berkeley, Motion picture, Zipporah Films,
• BOOK, Geoffrey, Wong, May 2001, A Golden State of Mind, Trafford Publishing, 1-55212-635-8,

External links

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website}}
• California Bears Athletics website
• COLLIER’S, California, University of, x,
• NSRW, University of California, x,
• {{curlie|Reference/Education/Colleges_and_Universities/North_America/United_States/California/University_of_California/Berkeley/}}

{{University of California, Berkeley}}{{Navboxesa2px}}|list ={{University of California}}{{UCBerkeleyChancellors}}{{Pac-12 Conference navbox}}{{America East Conference navbox}}{{Association of American Universities}}{{Public Ivy}}{{APRU}}{{International Alliance of Research Universities}}{{HCP Research Network}}{{Graduate Theological Union}}{{Berkeley, California}}{{Silicon Valley}}}}{{Authority control}}