SUPPORT THE WORK

GetWiki

Daniel Kahneman

ABOUT
CONTACT
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
aesthetics  →
being  →
complexity  →
consciousness  →
database  →
enterprise  →
entertainment  →
ethics  →
fiction  →
history  →
information  →
internet  →
knowledge  →
language  →
licensing  →
linux  →
logic  →
mathematics  →
metaphysics  →
method  →
news  →
perception  →
philosophy  →
policy  →
productivity  →
purpose  →
religion  →
science  →
sociology  →
software  →
truth  →
unix  →
wiki  →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay  →
feed  →
help  →
presentation  →
system  →
wiki  →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical  →
discussion  →
forked  →
imported  →
original  →
HOME
Daniel Kahneman
[ temporary import ]
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Israeli-American psychologist and economist (1934–2024)}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}







factoids
| birth_place = Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine2024273|5}}| death_place = | nationality = American, Israeli

{edih}


{edih}
Hebrew University of Jerusalem>Hebrew University (Bachelor of Arts)University of California, Berkeley (Master of Arts>MA, PhD)| doctoral_advisor = Susan M. Ervin-Tripp| thesis_title = An analytical model of the semantic differential| thesis_year = 1961| thesis_url =weblink

{edih}


{edih}


{edih}
  • Irah Kahneman
  • {{marriage|Anne Treisman|1978|2018|reason=her death{edih}
}}| partner = Barbara Tversky (2020–2024)weblink}}pos=centerfilename=Daniel Kahneman BBC Radio4 Desert Island Discs 11 Aug 2013 b0381l2v.flacDaniel Kahneman's voice}}description={{centerRecorded August 2013) from the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs}}}}}}Daniel Kahneman ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|n|ə|m|ə|n}}; ; March 5, 1934 – March 27, 2024) was an Israeli-American author, psychologist, and economist notable for his work on hedonism, the psychology of judgment, and decision-making. He is also known for his work in behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences shared with Vernon L. Smith. Kahneman's published empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. Kahneman became known as the "grandfather of behavioral economics."NEWS, Jr, Robert D. Hershey, 2024-03-27, Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90,weblink 2024-04-10, The New York Times, en-US, 0362-4331, WEB, Space, Social Science, 2024-03-27, Daniel Kahneman, 1934-2024: The Grandfather of Behavioral Economics,weblink 2024-04-10, Social Science Space, en-US, WEB, cossaeditor, 2024-04-02, Remembering Dr. Daniel Kahneman: A Pioneer of Behavioral Economics {{!, COSSA |url=https://cossa.org/remembering-dr-daniel-kahneman-a-pioneer-of-behavioral-economics/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Consortium of Social Science Associations |language=en-US}}With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases, and developed prospect theory. In 2011, Kahneman was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller.WEB, The New York Times Best Seller List, December 25, 2011,weblink www.hawes.com, August 17, 2014, July 29, 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200729032550weblink">weblink live, In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.Kahneman was professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. Kahneman was a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman, who died in 2018.

Early life

Daniel Kahneman was born in Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine, now Israel, on March 5, 1934.WEB,weblink The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002, NobelPrize.org, February 13, 2020, April 14, 2021,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90, Hershey, Robert D. Jr., March 27, 2024, March 27, 2024, The New York Times, limited, March 27, 2024,weblink live, His parents were Lithuanian Jews who had emigrated to France in the early 1920s. He spent his childhood years in Paris. Kahneman and his family were in Paris when it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940. His father, Efrayim, was picked up in the first major round-up of French Jews, but he was released after six weeks due to the intervention of his employer, La Cagoule backer Eugène Schueller.BOOK, Lewis, Michael, The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds, Penguin Random House, 9780141983042, 2017, {{rp|52}} The family was on the run for the remainder of the war but survived except for Efrayim who died of diabetes in 1944. Kahneman and his family then moved to British Mandatory Palestine in 1948, just before the creation of the state of Israel.Kahneman wrote of his experience in Nazi-occupied France, explaining in part why he entered the field of psychology:{{blockquote|It must have been late 1941 or early 1942. Jews were required to wear the Star of David and to obey a 6 p.m. curfew. I had gone to play with a Christian friend and had stayed too late. I turned my brown sweater inside out to walk the few blocks home. As I was walking down an empty street, I saw a German soldier approaching. He was wearing the black uniform that I had been told to fear more than others – the one worn by specially recruited SS soldiers. As I came closer to him, trying to walk fast, I noticed that he was looking at me intently. Then he beckoned me over, picked me up, and hugged me. I was terrified that he would notice the star inside my sweater. He was speaking to me with great emotion, in German. When he put me down, he opened his wallet, showed me a picture of a boy, and gave me some money. I went home more certain than ever that my mother was right: people were endlessly complicated and interesting.|source= NobelPrize Bio 2002 }}

Education and early career

In 1954, Kahneman received his Bachelor of Science degree, with a major in psychology and a minor in mathematics, from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Israeli intellectual Yeshayahu Leibowitz, whom Kahneman describes as influential in his intellectual development, was Kahneman's chemistry teacher at Beit-Hakerem High School, and Kahneman's physiology professor at university.WEB, Interview with Daniel Kahneman,weblink March 1, 2022, Interviews with Max Raskin, en-US, March 1, 2022,weblink live, Kahneman was average in mathematics, but he thrived in psychology.WEB, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002,weblink November 20, 2023, NobelPrize.org, en-US, August 14, 2018,weblink live, Kahneman was led to psychology when he discovered in his teens that he was more interested in why people believe in God than in whether God exists, and more interested in indignation than in ethics.In 1954, he began his military service as a second lieutenant, serving for a year in infantry. He then served in the psychology department of the Israeli Defense Forces. He developed a structured interview for combat recruits, which remained in use in the IDF for several decades. Kahneman describes his military service as a "very important period" in his life.NEWS, Akst, Daniel, Daniel Kahneman: How Companies Can Improve Their Hiring Process,weblink March 12, 2024, WSJ, March 12, 2024,weblink live, In 1958, he went to the United States to study for his PhD in Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. His 1961 dissertation, advised by Susan Ervin, examined relations between adjectives in the semantic differential and allowed him to "engage in two of [his] favorite pursuits: the analysis of complex correlational structures and FORTRAN programming".

Academic career

Cognitive psychology

Kahneman began his academic career as a lecturer in psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1961. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1966. His early work focused on visual perception and attention.JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Beatty, Jackson, 1966, Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory,weblink Science, 154, 3756, 1583–1585, 10.1126/science.154.3756.1583, 1720478, 5924930, 1966Sci...154.1583K, 22762466, 0036-8075, March 12, 2024, March 12, 2024,weblink live, From 1965 to 1966, he was a visiting scientist at the University of Michigan, and at the Applied Psychology Research Unit in Cambridge, during the summers of 1968 and 1969. He was a fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies, and a lecturer in cognitive psychology at Harvard University in 1966 to 1967. His work on attention led to a book, Attention and Effort, in which he presented a theory of effort based on studies of pupillary changes during mental tasks.BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Attention and effort, 1973, Prentice-Hall, 9780130505187, Kahneman also developed rules of counterfactual thinking, and published "Norm Theory" with Dale Miller.JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Miller, Dale T., April 1986, Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives.,weblink The Psychological Review, en, 93, 2, 136–153, 10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.136, 1939-1471, March 12, 2024, May 17, 2022,weblink live,

Judgment and decision-making

Kahneman's lengthy collaboration with Amos Tversky began in 1969, after Tversky gave a guest lecture at one of Kahneman's seminars at Hebrew University. Their first jointly written paper, "Belief in the Law of Small Numbers," was published in 1971. They published seven journal articles in the years 1971 to 1979. They flipped a coin to determine whose name would appear first on their initial paper and alternated thereafter.NEWS, Leonhardt, David, From Michael Lewis, the Story of Two Friends Who Changed How We Think About the Way We Think,weblink The New York Times, December 6, 2016, subscription, March 16, 2024, March 15, 2024,weblink live, Their article "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" introduced the notion of anchoring. Kahneman and Tversky spent an entire year at an office in the Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem, writing this paper. They spent more than three years revising an early version of prospect theory that was completed in early 1975. The final version was published in 1979. The pair also teamed with Paul Slovic to edit a compilation entitled "Judgement Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" (1982) that was a summary of their work and of other recent advances that had influenced their thinking. Kahneman was ultimately awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2002 "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty".WEB, Daniel Kahneman,weblink March 13, 2024, Econlib, November 12, 2023,weblink live, Kahneman left Hebrew University in 1978 to take a position at the University of British Columbia. In 2021, Kahneman co-authored a book with Olivier Sibony and Cass Sunstein, titled (Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment).BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, Sibony, Olivier, Sunstein, Cass, May 16, 2021, Little, Brown Spark, 9780008308995, 37–38, 1242782025, The Harvard psychologist and author Steven Pinker said of Kahneman that: "His central message could not be more important, namely, that human reason left to its own devices is apt to engage in a number of fallacies and systematic errors, so if we want to make better decisions in our personal lives and as a society, we ought to be aware of these biases and seek workarounds. That's a powerful and important discovery."NEWS, Jr, Robert D. Hershey, March 27, 2024, Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90,weblink March 29, 2024, The New York Times, 0362-4331, March 27, 2024,weblink live,

Behavioral economics

Kahneman and Tversky both spent the academic year 1977 to 1978 at Stanford University, Kahneman as a fellow at the school's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences interdisciplinary research lab and Tversky with a visiting appointment at the university's psychology department.WEB, July 11, 2018, CASBS in the History of Behavioral Economics, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences,weblink March 13, 2024, March 13, 2024,weblink live, Richard Thaler was a visiting professor at the Stanford branch of the National Bureau of Economic Research during that same year. According to Kahneman: "We soon became friends, and have ever since had a considerable influence on each other's thinking." Building in part on prospect theory and Kahneman and Tversky's body of work, Thaler published "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice" in 1980, a paper which Kahneman called "the founding text of behavioral economics". Richard Thaler obtained a grant from the Russell Sage Foundation to spend the academic year 1984 to 1985 with Kahneman at the University of British Columbia.WEB, Daniel Kahneman and Richard Thaler on the Beginning of Behavioral Economics, RSF www.russellsage.org,weblink March 12, 2024, March 12, 2024,weblink live,   Together with Kahneman's friend Jack Knetsch they worked on two papers on fairness and on the endowment effect.WEB, In Remembrance,weblink March 12, 2024, www.benefitcostanalysis.org, November 11, 2023,weblink live, From 1979 to 1986, Kahneman published multiple articles and chapters.WEB, Publications,weblink March 12, 2024, Daniel Kahneman, en, March 12, 2024,weblink live, Kahneman published one chapter during the years 1987 to 1989.BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, 1988, 314, Tietz, Reinhard, Albers, Wulf, Selten, Reinhard, Bounded Rational Behavior in Experimental Games and Markets, Springer, 11–18, 10.1007/978-3-642-48356-1_2, 9783642483561, A few papers on decision making appeared after that hiatus, notably cumulative prospect theory, and an explanation of risk-taking by unrealistic "bold forecasts", but the focus of Kahneman's research from that time was the study of subjective experience.JOURNAL, Tversky, Amos, Kahneman, Daniel, October 1, 1992, Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty,weblink Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 4, 297–323, 10.1007/BF00122574, 1573-0476, JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Lovallo, Dan, 1993, Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts: A Cognitive Perspective on Risk Taking,weblink Management Science, 39, 1, 17–31, 10.1287/mnsc.39.1.17, 2661517, 53685999, 0025-1909, March 12, 2024, March 12, 2024,weblink live,

Variants of utility

Kahneman elaborated a distinction between two notions of utility.  Experienced utility is the subjective concept that Jeremy Bentham had in mind in his discussion of pleasure and pain.  Decision utility is the more modern usage in economics and decision theory, where utility explains choices and is derived from choices.BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Thinking, Fast and Slow, 2011, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 9780374533557, JOURNAL, Kahneman, D., Wakker, P. P., Sarin, R., May 1, 1997, Back to Bentham? Explorations of Experienced Utility,weblink The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 2, 375–406, 10.1162/003355397555235, 1765/23011, 0033-5533, free, The experienced utility of an episode was formalized as the temporal integration of momentary utility.The analysis of experienced utility led to the concepts of remembered and predicted utility. Predicted utility (better known as affective forecasting){{Citation |last1=Wilson |first1=Timothy D |title=Affective Forecasting |date=2003 |pages=345–411 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(03)01006-2 |access-date=March 13, 2024 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/s0065-2601(03)01006-2 |last2=Gilbert |first2=Daniel T|series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology |volume=35 |isbn=978-0-12-015235-3 }} is the conscious expectation of the experienced utility of an event or episode.JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Snell, Jackie, July 1992, Predicting a changing taste: Do people know what they will like?,weblink Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, en, 5, 3, 187–200, 10.1002/bdm.3960050304, 0894-3257, March 13, 2024, March 13, 2024,weblink live,  Remembered utility is the retrospective evaluation of a past experience. The essential finding of many experiments is that predictions and memories of affective experiences are systematically inaccurate.  Furthermore, the remembered evaluation of past episodes (remembered utility) is the best predictor of subsequent decision utility.JOURNAL, Fredrickson, Barbara L., Kahneman, Daniel, 1993, Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes,weblink Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1, 45–55, 10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45, 8355141, 10576590, 1939-1315, March 13, 2024, March 27, 2024,weblink live, JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Fredrickson, Barbara L., Schreiber, Charles A., Redelmeier, Donald A., November 1993, When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End,weblink Psychological Science, en, 4, 6, 401–405, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00589.x, 8032668, 0956-7976, March 13, 2024, March 26, 2024,weblink live, JOURNAL, Redelmeier, Donald A, Kahneman, Daniel, July 1996, Patients' memories of painful medical treatments: real-time and retrospective evaluations of two minimally invasive procedures,weblink Pain, 66, 1, 3–8, 10.1016/0304-3959(96)02994-6, 8857625, 1522819, 0304-3959, March 13, 2024, March 27, 2024,weblink live, One of the cognitive biases of remembered utility is called the peak–end rule. It affects how people remember the pleasantness or unpleasantness of experiences. It states that a person's overall impression of past events is determined, for the most part, not by the total pleasure and suffering it contained, but by how it felt at its peak and at its end.JOURNAL, Do, Amy M., Rupert, Alexander V., Wolford, George, February 1, 2008, Evaluations of pleasurable experiences: The peak–end rule, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, en, 15, 1, 96–98, 10.3758/PBR.15.1.96, 1531-5320, 18605486, free, For example, the memory of a painful colonoscopy is improved if the examination is extended by three minutes in which the scope is still inside but not moved anymore, resulting in a moderately uncomfortable sensation. This extended colonoscopy, despite involving more pain overall, is remembered less negatively due to the reduced pain at the end. This even increases the likelihood for the patient to return for subsequent procedures.JOURNAL, Redelmeier, Donald A., Katz, Joel, Kahneman, Daniel, July 2003, Memories of colonoscopy: a randomized trial,weblink Pain, 104, 1–2, 187–194, 10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00003-4, 0304-3959, 12855328, 206055276, free, 10315/7959, February 23, 2021, April 14, 2021,weblink live,

Happiness and life satisfaction

The analysis of the experienced utility of short episodes readily extends to the broader notion of happiness. This connection led Kahneman, together with Ed Diener and Norbert Schwarz to organize a workshop, which yielded a book that covered a range of topics in hedonic psychology, which they defined as "the study of what makes experiences and life pleasant or unpleasant.BOOK, Well-being: the foundations of hedonic psychology, 1999, Russell Sage Foundation, 9780871544247, Kahneman, Daniel, Diener, Ed, Schwarz, Norbert, It is concerned with feelings of pleasure and pain, of interest and boredom, of joy and sorrow, and of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is also concerned with the whole range of circumstances, from the biological to the societal, that occasion suffering and enjoyment.Most studies of well-being use retrospective questions such as "How happy are you these days?". A smaller number of studies use experience sampling, in which people are probed at random times during the day, and asked to rate their experience of the present moment.  Much later (source TED talk) Kahneman described this distinction in terms of two selves: the experiencing self, which is aware of pleasure and pain as they are happening, and the remembering self, which shows the aggregate pleasure and pain over an extended period of time.{{Citation |last=Kahneman |first=Daniel |title=The riddle of experience vs. memory |date=March 1, 2010 |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/daniel_kahneman_the_riddle_of_experience_vs_memory |access-date=March 13, 2024 |archive-date=November 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104150221weblink |url-status=live }}   Kahneman initially believed that the happiness of the experiencing self is the true measure of well-being.  Around 2000, he assembled a team consisting of Alan Krueger, David Schkade, Norbert Schwarz and Arthur Stone.  The mission of the team was to create a measure of experienced happiness that economists could take seriously.  As a more practical substitute to the experience sampling techniques of the time, the team developed The Day-Reconstruction Method, in which participants described the day as a sequence of episodes, and rated the experience on several affective dimensions.JOURNAL, Stone, Arthur A., Schwartz, Joseph E., Schkade, David, Schwarz, Norbert, Krueger, Alan, Kahneman, Daniel, 2006, A population approach to the study of emotion: Diurnal rhythms of a working day examined with the day reconstruction method.,weblink Emotion, 6, 1, 139–149, 10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.139, 16637757, 1931-1516, March 13, 2024, March 27, 2024,weblink live, JOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Krueger, Alan B, February 1, 2006, Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being,weblink Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 1, 3–24, 10.1257/089533006776526030, 0895-3309, March 13, 2024, March 27, 2024,weblink live,  Kahneman also participated in the formulation of the well-being module of the Gallup World Poll.WEB, February 10, 2005, Are You Happy Now?,weblink March 13, 2024, Gallup.com, en, March 13, 2024,weblink live,   The effort to measure experienced happiness was only partly successful. Measures of affect are routinely included in well-being questionnaires, but the idea that experienced happiness is the better concept did not hold. Kahneman defined happiness in terms of "what I experience here and now",NEWS, Why Nobel Prize Winner Daniel Kahneman Gave Up on Happiness,weblink January 20, 2023, Haaretz, January 20, 2023,weblink live, but says that in reality humans pursue life satisfaction,{{Citation |title=Daniel Kahneman on wellbeing and how to measure it {{!}} University of Oxford 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf8rLu6vKgM |access-date=November 16, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=November 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116164022weblink |url-status=live }} which "is connected to a large degree to social yardsticks—achieving goals, meeting expectations".NEWS, Mandel, Amir, October 7, 2018, Why Nobel Prize Winner Daniel Kahneman Gave Up on Happiness,weblink Haaretz, December 29, 2018, October 8, 2018,weblink live, WEB, Livni, Ephrat, December 21, 2018, A Nobel Prize-winning psychologist says most people don't really want to be happy,weblink Quartz, December 29, 2018, April 17, 2021,weblink live, WEB,weblink Daniel Kahneman: Putting Your Intuition on Ice [The Knowledge Project Ep. #68], October 15, 2021, October 26, 2021,weblink live,

Focusing illusion

With David Schkade, Kahneman developed the notion of the focusing illusion to explain in part the mistakes people make when estimating the effects of different scenarios on their future happiness (also known as affective forecasting, which has been studied extensively by Daniel Gilbert). The "illusion" occurs when people consider the impact of one specific factor on their overall happiness, they tend to greatly exaggerate the importance of that factor, while overlooking the numerous other factors that would in most cases have a greater impact.JOURNAL, Schkade, David A., Kahneman, Daniel, May 6, 2016, Does Living in California Make People Happy? A Focusing Illusion in Judgments of Life Satisfaction,weblink Psychological Science, en, 9, 5, 340–346, 10.1111/1467-9280.00066, 1467-9280, 14091201, February 26, 2021, January 25, 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20210125075931weblink">weblink live, In what has been consdered his most famous dictum,WEB, 2024-04-10, There are three sides to every story,weblink 2024-04-14, The Spectator Australia, en-US, Kahneman described the illusion in Thinking, Fast and Slow, writing: “Nothing in life is as important as you think it is when you are thinking about it.”A good example is provided by Kahneman and Schkade's 1998 paper, "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction". In that paper, students in the Midwest and in California reported similar levels of life satisfaction, but the Midwesterners thought their Californian peers would be happier. The only distinguishing information the Midwestern students had when making these judgments was the fact that their hypothetical peers lived in California. Thus, they "focused" on this distinction, thereby overestimating the effect of the weather in California on its residents' satisfaction with life.

Teaching

Kahneman taught at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem from 1970–1978. He then became a professor at the University of British Columbia, leaving in 1986. Next, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1986 to 1994.WEB, Daniel Kahneman,weblink November 20, 2023, kahneman.scholar.princeton.edu, November 20, 2023,weblink live, Thereafter, Kahneman was a senior scholar and faculty member emeritus at Princeton University's Department of Psychology and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. He was also a fellow at Hebrew University and a Gallup Senior Scientist.

Partnership with Amos Tversky

Kahneman and Amos Tversky's collaboration helped launch the field of behavioural econcomics.JOURNAL, Shafir, Eldar, 2024-05-03, Daniel Kahneman obituary: psychologist who revolutionized the way we think about thinking,weblink Nature, en, 629, 8012, 526–526, 10.1038/d41586-024-01344-6, Kahneman and Tversky first crossed paths in the Psychology department at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1968.NEWS, Sunstein, Cass R., Thaler, Richard, 2016-12-07, The Two Friends Who Changed How We Think About How We Think,weblink 2024-05-13, The New Yorker, en-US, 0028-792X, In the period between 1971 and 1979 they published work on judgment and decision-making that led to Kahnemann winning the Nobel Prize. During this period they were described as “inseperable” and as “soul mates”.After leaving Isreal in 1978 and accepting positions at different universities, the intensity and exclusivity of their earlier period of joint collaboration was reduced. According to Kahneman the collaboration "tapered off" in the early 1980s, although they tried to revive it, but the period when Kahneman published almost exclusively with Tversky ended in 1983, when he published two papers with Anne Treisman, his wife since 1978. Factors contributing to this estrangement included Tversky receiving most of the external credit for the output of the partnership, and a reduction in the generosity with which Tversky and Kahneman interacted with each other,Michael Lewis. "The Undoing Project: A Friendship that Changed the World". Penguin, 2016 (ISBN 9780141983035) leading Kahneman to say, “I eventually divorced him”. However, they would continue to publish together until the end of Tversky's life, and worked together on the introduction to an edited collection of papers related to their work during the last six month's of Tversky's life.

Personal life

Kahneman's first wife was Irah Kahneman,WEB, Daniel Kahneman Facts,weblink September 29, 2020, August 14, 2018,weblink live, an Israeli social researcher, with whom he had two children. They were later divorced.Justin (2023) "Daniel Kahneman, the Nobel Prize winner who turned economics upside down, dies at the age of 90", traiguitako Kahneman's daughter, Lenore Shoham, who works in technology, collaborated with her father on his Nobel lecture.WEB,weblink Daniel Kahneman: 'What would I eliminate if I had a magic wand? Overconfidence', TheGuardian.com, July 18, 2015, March 24, 2019, April 14, 2021,weblink live, WEB, Kahneman, Daniel, December 8, 2002, Maps of Bounded Rationality: A Perspective on Intuitive Judgement and Choice,weblink nobelprize.org/, November 20, 2023, February 16, 2023,weblink live, His son, Michael Kahneman, has schizophrenia; Kahneman was quoted as saying that Michael "would have been a very brilliant economist."NEWS, Hershey, Robert D., Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90,weblink 31 March 2024, New York Times, 27 March 2024,weblink 29 March 2024, His second wife was the cognitive psychologist Anne Treisman, from 1978 until her death in 2018. They lived part-time in Berkeley, California.EPISODE, How do we really make decisions?,weblink February 19, 2019, Horizon, List_of_Horizon_episodes#Series_50:_2013–2014, BBC, BBC Two, February 24, 2014, 2013-2014, 9, 00:20:13, April 17, 2021,weblink live, NEWS, Shariatmadari, David, A life in ... Interview Daniel Kahneman: 'What would I eliminate if I had a magic wand? Overconfidence', The Guardian, July 15, 2015,weblink March 24, 2019, April 14, 2021,weblink live, From 2020, he lived in New York City with Barbara Tversky, the widow of his long-time collaborator Amos Tversky.WEB, Levitt, Steven D., Daniel Kahneman on Why Our Judgment is Flawed — and What to Do About It (26:20),weblink People I (Mostly) Admire, May 15, 2021, May 15, 2021,weblink live, Kahneman's paternal uncle was Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman, the head of the Ponevezh Yeshiva.In 2015, Kahneman said he had always been "far on the left of the spectrum in Israeli politics". He described himself as a very hard worker, "a worrier" and "not a jolly person", who is "quite capable of great enjoyment, and I've had a great life".WEB,weblink Science and nature books: Daniel Kahneman 'What would I eliminate if I had a magic wand? Overconfidence', Guardian, November 11, 2020, April 14, 2021,weblink live, Richard Thaler called his close friend an "avid pessimist." Thaler, a self-described optimist stated that he failed to convince Kahneman to spend less time worrying as Kahneman "claimed this was rational because he would not be disappointed as much with the outcomes of life."https://www.wpr.org/news/best-selling-psychologist-of-thinking-fast-and-slow-dies-at-90Kahneman died on March 27, 2024, three weeks after his 90th birthday.NEWS,weblink Daniel Kahneman, Nobel-winning economist, dies at 90, March 27, 2024, March 27, 2024, Power, Chris, The Washington Post, limited, March 27, 2024,weblink live, Former colleague and Princeton faculty member, Eldar Shafir said that Kahneman "was a giant in the field" and that "many areas in the social sciences simply have not been the same since he arrived on the scene. He will be greatly missed."WEB, Saxon, Jamie, March 28, 2024, Daniel Kahneman, pioneering behavioral psychologist, Nobel laureate and 'giant in the field,' dies at 90,weblink 2024-04-10, Princeton University, en, NEWS,weblink Daniel Kahneman, renowned psychologist and Nobel prize winner, dies at 90, March 28, 2024, The Guardian, March 28, 2024, March 28, 2024,weblink live, Behavioural economist Richard Thaler said Kahneman's work was "one of the most important accomplishments of 20th century science," and added, "It's hard to think of any psychologist whose work has influenced so many different fields."WEB,weblink Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman dies aged 90, Eliana, Jordan, www.thejc.com, March 29, 2024, March 28, 2024,weblink live, Kahneman and Tversky were “the founders of our field”, said Ulrike Malmendier, a behavioral economist and member of the German official council of economic experts.WEB, Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize-winning psychologist, 1934-2024,weblink 2024-04-10, www.ft.com,

Awards and recognition

  • In 1982, he received (joint with Amos Tversky), the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions from the American Psychological AssociationWEB,weblink APA Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions, www.apa.org, March 11, 2024, September 28, 2018,weblink live,
  • In 1992, he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the Society for Consumer PsychologyWEB, Distinguished Scientific Contribution,weblink March 11, 2024, Society for Consumer Psychology, en-US, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 1995, he was selected for the Hilgard Award for Lifetime Contributions to General PsychologyWEB, Apply for Awards Sponsored by Division 1,weblink March 11, 2024, apadiv1.org, en, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 1995, he received (joint with Amos Tversky), the Warren Medal of the Society of Experimental PsychologistsWEB, Warren Medal Recipients {{!, The Society of Experimental Psychologists |url=https://www.sepsych.org/warren-medal-recipients/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201035414weblink |url-status=live }}
  • In 2001, he was elected a member of the National Academy of SciencesWEB,weblink Daniel Kahneman, www.nasonline.org, December 1, 2016, April 18, 2021,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20210418133305weblink">weblink live,
  • In 2002, Kahneman received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, despite being a research psychologist, for his work in prospect theory. Kahneman stated he has never taken a single economics course – that everything that he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from their collaborators Richard Thaler and Jack Knetsch.
  • Kahneman, co-recipient with Tversky, earned the 2003 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Psychology.WEB, July 21, 2003, 2003 – Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky – Grawemeyer Awards,weblink March 11, 2024, en-US, March 11, 2024,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20240311203104weblink">weblink live,
  • In 2004, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.WEB, APS Member History,weblink June 10, 2021, search.amphilsoc.org, November 27, 2022,weblink live,
  • In 2005, he received the Decision Analysis Publication Award (for best paper published in 2003) by the Decision Analysis SocietyWEB, Decision Analysis Publication Award,weblink March 11, 2024, INFORMS, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 2006, he received the Kampe de Feriet Award from the Society for Information Processing and Management of UncertaintyWEB, IPMU – Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty,weblink March 11, 2024, ipmu.lip6.fr, November 14, 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091114173515weblink">weblink live,
  • In 2006, he received the Thomas Schelling Prize for intellectual contribution to public policy through the Kennedy School for Public Policy, Harvard UniversityWEB, gazetteimport, May 11, 2006, Schelling and Neustadt winners named,weblink March 11, 2024, Harvard Gazette, en-US, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 2006, he received (joint with Amos Tversky) the Frank P. Ramsey Medal of the Decision Analysis SocietyWEB, INFORMS, Frank P. Ramsey Medal,weblink March 11, 2024, INFORMS, en-US, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 2007, he was presented with the American Psychological Association's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology.
  • In 2008, he received the John McGovern Award Lecture of The American Association for the Advancement of ScienceWEB, March 11, 2024, John P. McGovern Award Lecture in the Behavioral Sciences,weblink March 11, 2024, www.aaas.org/, December 29, 2018,weblink live,
  • In 2008, Kahneman was elected to be a Corresponding Fellow at the British AcademyWEB, Psychology,weblink March 12, 2024, The British Academy, en, March 12, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 2010, he received the Tufts University, Leontief PrizeWEB, 2010 Leontief Prize {{!, Economics in Context Initiative |url=https://www.bu.edu/eci/about-us/leontief-prize/recipients10/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=www.bu.edu |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203104weblink |url-status=live }}
  • In 2011, he became a Distinguished Fellow of The American Economic AssociationWEB, American Economic Association,weblink March 11, 2024, www.aeaweb.org, September 5, 2015,weblink live,
  • In both 2011 and 2012, he made the Bloomberg 50 most influential people in global finance.{{dead link|date=March 2024}}
  • On November 9, 2011, he was awarded the Talcott Parsons Prize by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.WEB, January 1, 2012, Two Systems in the Mind {{!, American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/news/two-systems-mind |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=www.amacad.org |language=en |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311203104weblink |url-status=live }}
  • His book Thinking, Fast and Slow was the winner of the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Award for Current Interest and the National Academy of Sciences Communication Award for the best book published in 2011.WEB, September 13, 2012, Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow Wins Best Book Award From Academies; Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Slate Magazine, and WGBH/NOVA Also Take Top Prizes in Awards' 10th Year,weblink March 11, 2024, www.nationalacademies.org, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • In 2012, he was accepted as corresponding academician at the Real Academia Española (Economic and Financial Sciences).
  • In 2013, he received the McGovern Award in Science by the Cosmos ClubWEB, Extract from Annual Report—2013,weblink March 11, 2024, www.cosmosclubfoundation.org, September 25, 2023,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20230925200608weblink">weblink live,
  • In 2013, he received the SAGE-CASBS Award for Social ScienceWEB, October 22, 2013, 2013 SAGE-CASBS Award winner Daniel Kahneman on 'Thinking, Fast and Slow', Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences,weblink March 11, 2024, March 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • On August 8, 2013, President Barack Obama announced that Daniel Kahneman would be a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.WEB,weblink President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients, Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, August 8, 2013, August 8, 2013, January 29, 2017,weblink live,
  • In December 2018, Kahneman was named a Gold Medal Honoree by The National Institute of Social Sciences.WEB,weblink Gold Medal Honorees, The National Institute of Social Sciences, July 2, 2019, July 2, 2019,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190702153336weblink">weblink dead,
  • In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world.NEWS, Influential economists – That ranking,weblink The Economist, January 2, 2015, April 4, 2015, November 17, 2017,weblink live,
  • In 2019, Kahneman received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.WEB, Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement, www.achievement.org, American Academy of Achievement,weblink August 11, 2020, December 15, 2016,weblink live, WEB, 2019 Summit Highlights Photo: Anthony D. Romero, Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union, presenting the Golden Plate Award to Dr. Daniel Kahneman, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics, at the 2019 International Achievement Summit., American Academy of Achievement,weblink October 6, 2020, September 19, 2020,weblink live,
  • In 2023, he was presented with the Helen Dinerman Award of the World Association for Public Opinion ResearchWEB, The Helen Dinerman Prize,weblink March 12, 2024, World Association for Public Opinion Research, en-US, March 12, 2024,weblink live,

Honorary degrees

{{div col}} website=www.cmu.edu archive-date=December 12, 2023 weblink >url-status=live, {{div col end}}

Notable contributions

{{Div col |colwidth=20em}}
  • Anchoring-and-adjustingJOURNAL, Teovanović, Predrag, February 28, 2019, Individual Differences in Anchoring Effect: Evidence for the Role of Insufficient Adjustment, Europe's Journal of Psychology, 15, 1, 8–24, 10.5964/ejop.v15i1.1691, 1841-0413, 6396698, 30915170,
  • Attribute substitutionWEB, APA PsycNet,weblink March 29, 2024, psycnet.apa.org, October 19, 2023,weblink live,
  • Availability heuristicBOOK, Heuristics and biases: the psychology of intuitive judgment, 2013, Cambridge Univ. Press, 978-0-521-79679-8, Gilovich, Thomas,
  • Base rate fallacyWEB, Base Rate Fallacy,weblink March 29, 2024, The Decision Lab, en, February 14, 2024,weblink live,
  • Cognitive biasWEB, Cognitive Bias – an overview,weblink March 29, 2024, www.sciencedirect.com, March 29, 2024,weblink live,
  • Conjunction fallacyJOURNAL, Wolford, George, Taylor, Holly A., Beck, Robert, The Conjunction Fallacy,weblink Memory & Cognition, 1990, 18, 1, 47–53, 10.3758/BF03202645, 2314227, March 29, 2024, January 21, 2022,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20220121060806weblink">weblink live,
  • Dictator gameJOURNAL, Pressman, Steven, June 2006, Kahneman, Tversky, and Institutional Economics,weblink Journal of Economic Issues, en, 40, 2, 501–506, 10.1080/00213624.2006.11506929, 0021-3624, March 29, 2024, March 29, 2024,weblink live,
  • Framing (social sciences)WEB, Framing Effect – an overview,weblink March 29, 2024, www.sciencedirect.com, March 29, 2024,weblink live,
  • Loss aversionWEB, BehavioralEconomics.com, Loss aversion,weblink March 29, 2024, BehavioralEconomics.com, February 11, 2024,weblink live,
  • Optimism biasWEB, Optimism Bias,weblink March 29, 2024, The Decision Lab, September 29, 2023,weblink live,
  • Peak–end ruleWEB, Ph.D, Jeremy Sutton, March 3, 2019, What Is the Peak End Rule and How to Use It Smartly,weblink March 29, 2024, PositivePsychology.com, en-US, January 26, 2024,weblink live,
  • Planning fallacyNEWS, Anthony, Scott D., August 1, 2012, The Planning Fallacy and the Innovator's Dilemma,weblink March 29, 2024, Harvard Business Review, 0017-8012, June 8, 2023,weblink live,
  • Prospect theoryJOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Tversky, Amos, 1979, Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,weblink Econometrica, 47, 2, 263–291, 10.2307/1914185, 1914185, 0012-9682, March 29, 2024, March 28, 2024,weblink live,
    • Cumulative prospect theoryJOURNAL, Tversky, Amos, Kahneman, Daniel, October 1, 1992, Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty,weblink Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, en, 5, 4, 297–323, 10.1007/BF00122574, 1573-0476, March 12, 2024, March 29, 2024,weblink live,
  • Reference class forecastingWEB, Reference Class Forecasting – Definition and examples,weblink March 29, 2024, Conceptually, en-US, March 9, 2024,weblink live,
  • Representativeness heuristicWEB, Representativeness Heuristic,weblink March 29, 2024, The Decision Lab, en, February 6, 2024,weblink live,
  • Simulation heuristicWEB, simulation heuristic,weblink March 29, 2024, Oxford Reference, March 29, 2024,weblink live,
  • Status quo biasJOURNAL, Kahneman, Daniel, Knetsch, Jack L., Thaler, Richard H., 1991, Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias,weblink The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5, 1, 193–206, 10.1257/jep.5.1.193, 1942711, 0895-3309, March 29, 2024, September 2, 2021,weblink live,
{{div col end}}

Books

  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, 1973, Attention and Effort, Prentice-Hall,
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, Tversky, Amos, 1982, Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge University Press,
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Diener, E., Schwarz, N., 1999, Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, Russell Sage Foundation,
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Tversky, Amos, 2000, Choices, Values and Frames, Cambridge University Press,
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Gilovich, Thomas, Griffin, Dale, 2002, Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, Cambridge University Press, 9780521792608,
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, 2011, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 9780374275631, (Reviewed by Freeman Dyson in The New York Review of Books, December 22, 2011, pp. 40–44)
  • BOOK, Kahneman, Daniel, Sibony, Olivier, Sunstein, Cass R., 2021, Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, William Collins, 9780008308995,

See also

References

External links

  • {{TED speaker}}
  • {{IMDb name|4928484}}
  • {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture "Maps of Bounded Rationality"
{{Instecon}}{{Game theory}}{{Nobel laureates in economics 2001–2025}}{{2002 Nobel Prize winners}}{{Israeli Nobel laureates}}{{Psychology}}{{Authority control}}

- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "Daniel Kahneman" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:12am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 23 MAY 2022
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
CONNECT
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED