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{{Short description|Upper house of the Parliament of India}}{{About||the lower house|Lok Sabha|current list of Rajya Sabha members|List of current members of the Rajya Sabha}}{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}

factoids

| leader1 = Jagdeep Dhankhar| party1 = 2022 Indian vice-presidential election>11 August 2022Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha>Deputy Chairman| leader2 = Harivansh Narayan SinghJanata Dal (United)>JD(U)| election2 = 9 August 2018Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha>Secretary General| leader3 = Pramod Chandra Mody| election3 = 12 November 2021Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)>Leader of the HousePiyush Goyal{{midsize>(Cabinet Minister)}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP| election4 = 14 July 2021Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)#List of Deputy Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha>Deputy Leader of the HouseDharmendra Pradhan{{midsize>(Cabinet Minister)}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP| election5 = 17 December 2022Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha>Leader of the Opposition| leader6 = Mallikarjun KhargeIndian National Congress>INC| election6 = 16 February 2021Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha#List of deputy leaders of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha>Deputy leader of the Opposition| leader7 = Pramod TiwariIndian National Congress>INC| election7 = 13 March 2023| seats = 245 (233 Elected + 12 Nominated)| structure1 = India Rajya Sabha 2023.svg| structure1_res = 300px| structure1_alt = Rajya Sabha| political_groups1 = Government (120) Confidence and supply (9) Official Opposition (92) Other opposition (20) Vacant (4) 2024 Rajya Sabha elections>February 20242025 Rajya Sabha elections>2025| session_room = File:New Rajya Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building.jpg | session_res = 350px| session_alt = New Parliament House, New Delhi>Sansad Bhavan,118, Rafi Marg New Delhi, India - 110 001| constitution = Constitution of India| rules = The Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) (English)weblink}}|background_color=#B22222}}{{Coord|28|37|0|N|77|12|30|E|display=title}}The Rajya Sabha, (wikisource:Constitution of India/Part V#Article 80|constitutionally) the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. {{As of|2023}}, it has a maximum membership of 250, of which 238 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social service.WEB, Centre, National Informatics, Digital Sansad,weblink 2024-01-09, Digital Sansad, en, The total allowed capacity is 250 (238 elected, 12 appointed) according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution.WEB, Rajya Sabha Introduction,weblink 2020-08-03, rajyasabha.gov.in, 15 August 2020,weblink live, The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245 (233 elected, 12 appointed), after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act, 2019, the seats came down to 245. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years, in even-numbered years.WEB, Deshmukh, Yashwant, Crucial polls today: A guide to calculus of Rajya Sabha for dummies, Firstpost, 11 June 2016,weblink 20 June 2016, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160619100417weblink">weblink 19 June 2016, dmy-all, Unlike the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However, the Rajya Sabha, like the Lok Sabha, can be prorogued by the president.The Rajya Sabha has equal footing in legislation with the Lok Sabha, except in the area of supply, where the latter has overriding powers. In the case of conflicting legislation, a joint sitting of the two houses can be held, where the Lok Sabha would hold a greater influence because of its larger membership. The vice president of India (currently, Jagdeep Dhankhar) is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over its sessions. The deputy chairman, who is elected from amongst the house's members, takes care of the day-to-day matters of the house in the absence of the chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting on 13 May 1952.WEB,weblink OUR PARLIAMENT, Indian Parliament, 11 May 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110517025653weblink">weblink 17 May 2011, dmy-all, The Rajya Sabha meets in the eponymous chamber in Parliament House in New Delhi. Since 18 July 2018, the Rajya Sabha has the facility for simultaneous interpretation in all the 22 scheduled languages of India.NEWS,weblink Rajya Sabha MPs can now speak in 22 Indian languages in House, The Times of India, 18 July 2018, 18 July 2018,weblink 8 October 2018, live, The Rajya Sabha proceedings are televised live on channel Sansad TV, headquartered within the premises of Parliament.WEB,weblink SansadTV Live, SansadTV, 24 June 2023, 24 June 2023,weblink live,

Qualifications

Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A member of the Rajya Sabha must:WEB,weblink Council of States (Rajya Sabha) – rajyasabha.in, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120618020042weblink">weblink 18 June 2012, dmy-all, WEB, Sinha, Yashita, What is the eligibility criteria for an MP?- Know about their responsibilities and disqualification grounds,weblink Jagran Josh, Jagran Prakashan, 27 November 2023,weblink 27 November 2023, en, 26 March 2023,

• Be a citizen of India.
• Make and subscribe before some person authorized in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule to the Constitution.
• Be at least 30 years old. (article 84 constitution of India)
• Be elected by the Legislative Assembly of States and Union territories by means of single transferable vote through proportional representation.WEB, Handbook for Returning Officers – for Elections to the Council of States and State Legislative Councils,weblink Election Commission of India, 2 August 2017, 400–426, 1992, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170110142301weblink">weblink 10 January 2017, dmy-all,
• Not be a proclaimed criminal.
• Not be a subject of insolvency, i.e. they should not be in debt that they are not capable of repaying in a current manner and should have the ability to meet their financial expenses.
• Not hold any other office of profit under the Government of India.
• Not be of unsound mind.
• Possess such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under any law made by Parliament.

In addition, twelve members are nominated by the president of India having special knowledge in various areas like arts and science. However, they are not entitled to vote in presidential elections as per Article 55 of the Constitution.

Limitations

The Constitution of India places some restrictions on the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha (the lower house, House of the People) is more powerful in certain areas.

Money bills

The definition of a money bill is given in Article 110 of the Constitution of India. A money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha by a minister and only on the recommendation of the president of India. When the Lok Sabha passes a money bill then the Lok Sabha sends the money bill to the Rajya Sabha for 14 days during which it can make recommendations. Even if the Rajya Sabha fails to return the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed to have passed by both houses. Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) of the amendments proposed by the Rajya Sabha, the bill is deemed to have been passed by both houses of Parliament in the form the Lok Sabha finally passes it. Hence, the Rajya Sabha can only give recommendations for a money bill, but the Rajya Sabha cannot amend a money bill. This is to ensure that the Rajya Sabha must not add any non-money matters to the money bill. There is no joint sitting of both the houses for money bills, because all final decisions are taken by the Lok Sabha.WEB, Website of the Rajya Sabha – Legislation,weblink 2 November 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171019215856weblink">weblink 19 October 2017, live, WEB, Khan, Khadija, Money Bills vs Finance Bills: What are the differences, what the court has ruled,weblink subscription, The Indian Express, 27 November 2023,weblink 27 November 2023, en, 4 August 2023, live,

Joint Sitting of the Parliament

Article 108 provides for a joint sitting of the two houses of Parliament in certain cases. A joint sitting can be convened by the president of India when one house has either rejected a bill passed by the other house, has not taken any action on a bill transmitted to it by the other house for six months, or has disagreed with the amendments proposed by the Lok Sabha on a bill passed by it. Considering that the numerical strength of the Lok Sabha is more than twice that of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha tends to have a greater influence in a joint sitting of Parliament. A joint session is chaired by the speaker of the Lok Sabha. Also, because the joint session is convened by the president on the advice of the government, which already has a majority in the Lok Sabha, the joint session is usually convened to get bills passed through a Rajya Sabha in which the government has a minority.WEB, SUMMONING AND PROROGATION OF BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT AND DISSOLUTION OF LOK SABHA,weblink Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India), Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, 27 November 2023, Joint sessions of Parliament are a rarity, and have been convened three times in the last 71 years, for passage of a specific legislative act, the latest time being in 2002:

• 1961: Dowry Prohibition Act, 1958
• 1978: Banking Services Commission (Repeal) Act, 1977
• 2002: Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002

No-confidence motion

Unlike the Lok Sabha, members of the Rajya Sabha cannot bring to the house a no-confidence motion against the government.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}}

Powers

{{unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}In the Indian quasi-federal structure, the Rajya Sabha is representative of the States and Union territories in the union legislature (hence the name, Council of States). For this reason, the Rajya Sabha has powers that protect the rights of States against the Union government.

Union-State relations

The Constitution empowers the Parliament of India to make laws on the matters reserved for States. However, this can only be done if the Rajya Sabha first passes a resolution by a two-third majority granting such a power to the Union Parliament. The Union government cannot make a law on a matter reserved for States without any authorisation from the Rajya Sabha.The Union government reserves the power to make laws directly affecting the citizens across all the States whereas, a single state in itself reserves the power to make rules and governing laws of their region. The Rajya Sabha plays a vital role in protecting the States' culture and interests.

Creation of All-India services

The Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds supermajority, can pass a resolution empowering the Indian government to create more all-India services common to both the union and the states.

Membership by party

Members of the Rajya Sabha by their political party ({{As of|2024|04|19|lc=y}}):{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"! colspan="2" |Alliance! colspan=2| Party! MPs! Floor leaderNational Democratic Alliance|rowspan=14}}NDASeats: 120Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 97| Piyush GoyalJanata Dal (United)|shortname=JD(U)}}| 4|Ram Nath ThakurNationalist Congress Party}}| 1|Praful PatelJanata Dal (Secular)|shortname=JD(S)}}| 1| H. D. Deve GowdaShiv Sena}}| 1| Milind DeoraRashtriya Lok Dal}}| 1|Jayant ChaudharyPattali Makkal Katchi}}| 1Anbumani Ramadoss>Anbumani R. Asom Gana Parishad}}| 1Birendra Prasad Baishya>B.P BaishyaTamil Maanila Congress}}| 1| G. K. Vasan National People's Party (India)}}| 1Wanweiroy Kharlukhi>W. KharlukhiRepublican Party of India (Athawale)}}| 1| Ramdas Athawale United People's Party Liberal}}| 1|Rwngwra NarzaryIndependent politician|shortname=IND}}| 2|

• Kartikeya Sharma
• R. Dharmar

Nominated (India)|shortname=NOM}}| 7| NoneIndian National Congress|rowspan=16}}I.N.D.I.ASeats: 92Indian National Congress}}| 29Mallikarjun Kharge>M. KhargeAll India Trinamool Congress}}| 13Derek O'Brien (politician)>Derek O'BrienAam Aadmi Party}}| 10Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)>Sanjay SinghDravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| 10| Tiruchi SivaRashtriya Janata Dal}}| 6Prem Chand Gupta>P.C. GuptaCommunist Party of India (Marxist)}}| 5| Elamaram KareemSamajwadi Party}}| 4| Ram Gopal YadavJharkhand Mukti Morcha}}| 3| Shibu SorenNationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}| 2| Sharad PawarShiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}| 2| Sanjay RautCommunist Party of India}}| 2| Binoy ViswamIndian Union Muslim League}}| 2| P.V. Abdul WahabMarumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| 1|VaikoAnchalik Gana Morcha}}|1|Ajit Kumar BhuyanKerala Congress (M)}}| 1| Jose K. ManiIndependent politician|shortname=IND}}| 1|Kapil SibalOthers|rowspan=6}}UnallignedSeats: 29YSRCP}}| 11V. Vijayasai Reddy>V.Vijayasai ReddyBiju Janata Dal}}| 9| Sasmit PatraBharat Rashtra Samithi}}| 4K. Keshava Rao>K.Keshava RaoAll India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| 3M. Thambidurai>M.Thambidurai Bahujan Samaj Party}}| 1| Ramji GautamMizo National Front}}| 1| K. Vanlalvena Vacant| 4|

• Jammu and Kashmir (4)

Total|245| —

Composition

Seats are allotted in proportion to the population of each state or union territory. Certain states may even have more representatives than states more populous than them, because in past they too had high population. For example, Tamil Nadu has 18 representatives for 72 million inhabitants (in 2011) whereas Bihar (104 million) and West Bengal (91 million) only have 16. As the members are elected by the state legislature, some small union territories, those without legislatures, cannot have representation. Hence, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Ladakh and Lakshadweep do not send any representatives. Twelve members are nominated by the president.WEB,weblink Frequently asked questions about Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament, 8 December 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161211181620weblink">weblink 11 December 2016, dmy-all, WEB, Composition of Rajya Sabha – Rajya Sabha At Work,weblink rajyasabha.nic.in, Rajya Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, 20 October 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160305020442weblink">weblink 5 March 2016, dmy-all, As per the Fourth Schedule to the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950, the Rajya Sabha was to consist of 216 members, of which 12 members were to be nominated by the president and the remaining 204 elected to represent the states. The present sanctioned strength of the Rajya Sabha in the Constitution of India is 250, which can be increased by constitutional amendment. However, the present strength is 245 members according to the Representation of People Act, 1951, which can be increased up to 250 by amending the act itself, of whom 233 are representatives of the states and union territories and 12 are nominated by the president. The 12 nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular fields and are well-known contributors in the particular field. style"background:#00f;"">

Number of members by state/union territory {| class"wikitable sortable" style"text-align: center;" style"background:#00f;"

! rowspan="2" | State/ UT! rowspan="2" |! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Largest Party! colspan="3" |NDA! colspan="3" |I.N.D.I.A.! colspan="3" |Others! rowspan="2" |Vacancy ! rowspan="2" |Election Cycle Andhra PradeshRAJYA SABHA MEMBERS ALLOTTED TO TELANGANA, ANDHRA PRADESH>URL=HTTP://ARTICLES.ECONOMICTIMES.INDIATIMES.COM/2014-05-30/NEWS/50211274_1_C-M-RAMESH-TELANGANA-PALVAI-GOVARDHAN-REDDYPUBLISHER=THE ECONOMIC TIMESURL-STATUS=LIVEARCHIVE-DATE=9 FEBRUARY 2014, dmy-all, 11YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}YSRCP11YSR Congress Party}}|11! rowspan="14" |26 (4)28 (4)|| Arunachal Pradesh| 1Bharatiya Janata Party}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|1 |26 (1) Assam 7Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}BJP4Bharatiya Janata Party}}|4Anchalik Gana Morcha|rowspan=3}} 125 (2)26 (3)28 (2)Asom Gana Parishad}}|1United People's Party Liberal}}|1 Bihar 16Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}} RJD 6Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 4Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} 1 24 (4)26 (4)28 (4)Janata Dal (United)}}|5| Chhattisgarh| 5Indian National Congress}}Indian National Congress>INC|4Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 1Indian National Congress}}|4|24 (1)26 (2)28 (2)| Delhi| 3Aam Aadmi Party}}Aam Aadmi Party>AAP|3Aam Aadmi Party}}|3 |30 (3)| Goa| 1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|1| 29 (1)| Gujarat| 11Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|8Bharatiya Janata Party}}|8Indian National Congress}}|3|24 (4)26 (4)29 (3)| Haryana| 5Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|3Independent politician|shortname=IND}}|1Indian National Congress}}|1|24 (1)26 (2)28 (2)| Himachal Pradesh| 3Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|3Bharatiya Janata Party}}|3|24 (1)26 (1)28 (1)Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)>Jammu and Kashmir| 4|4 Jharkhand 6Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}} BJP 3Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}} 3Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|2! rowspan="34" | 24 (2)26 (2)28 (2)|| Karnataka 12Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}} BJP 6Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 6Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}} 5 24 (4)26 (4)28 (4)Janata Dal (Secular)}}|1Kerala9Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=5}}CPIM4Indian National Congress}}|124 (3)27 (3)28 (3)Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}| 4Indian Union Muslim League}}|1Communist Party of India}}|2Kerala Congress (M)}}|1| Madhya Pradesh| 11Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|8Bharatiya Janata Party}}|8Indian National Congress}}|3|24 (5)26 (3)28 (3) Maharashtra 19Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}BJP 8Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 8Indian National Congress}}| 324 (6)26 (7)28 (6)Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}|1Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}|3Nationalist Congress Party}}|1Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}|3| Manipur| 1Bhartiya Janata Party}}|BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 1|26 (1)| Meghalaya| 1National People's Party (India)}}National People's Party (India)>NPEP|1National People's Party (India)}}|1|26 (1)| Mizoram| 1Mizo National Front}}Mizo National Front>MNF|1Mizo National Front}}|1|26 (1)| Nagaland| 1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|1|28 (1)| Odisha| 10Biju Janata Dal}}Biju Janata Dal>BJD|9Bharatiya Janata Party}}|1Biju Janata Dal}}|9 |24 (3)26 (4)28 (3)Puducherry (union territory)>Puducherry| 1Bharatiya Janata Party}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 1|27 (1)Punjab, India>Punjab|7Aam Aadmi Party}}Aam Aadmi Party>AAP|7Aam Aadmi Party}}| 7|28 (7)| Rajasthan| 10Indian National Congress}}Indian National Congress>INC|6Bharatiya Janata Party}}|4Indian National Congress}}|6|24 (3)26 (3)28 (4)| Sikkim| 1Bharatiya Janata Party}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|1|30 (1) Tamil Nadu 18Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}DMK10Independent politician|shortname=IND}}|1Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}| 10All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|3 25 (6)26 (6)28 (6)Pattali Makkal Katchi|rowspan=2}}1 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|1 Tamil Maanila Congress}}|1Indian National Congress}}|1 | Telangana| 7Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}Bharat Rashtra Samithi>BRS|7Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}|7|24 (3)26 (2)28 (2)|Tripura|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP|1Bharatiya Janata Party}}|1|28 (1) Uttar Pradesh 31Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}BJP25Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}} 25Samajwadi Party}}|3Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=3}} 124 (10)26 (10)28 (11)Rashtriya Lok Dal}}|1Independent politician|shortname=IND}}|1| Uttarakhand| 3Bharatiya Janata Party}}Bharatiya Janata Party>BJP|3Bharatiya Janata Party}}| 3|24 (1)26 (1)28 (1) West Bengal 16All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}} TMC 13Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}} 2Indian National Congress}}|0 24 (5)26 (5)29 (6)All India Trinamool Congress}}|13Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|1List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha>Presidential nominees| 10Bharatiya Janata Party}}|BJP |5Nominated (India)|shortname=NOM}}|5|2|24(4)26(1)28(5) Total 245 Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}BJP 9511692! colspan="3" |Others! rowspan="2" |Vac.! rowspan="3" |24 (69)25 (08)26 (73)27 (04)28 (75)29 (10)33|116|92!33|6

Officers

Leader of the House

Besides the chairman (vice-president of India) and the deputy chairman, there is also a position called leader of the House. This is a cabinet minister – the prime minister if they are a member of the House or another nominated minister. The leader has a seat next to the chairman, in the front row.

Leader of the Opposition

Besides the leader of the House, who is the government's chief representative in the House, there is also a leader of the opposition (LOP) – leading the opposition parties. The function was only recognized in the Salary and Allowances of Leaders of the Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977. This is commonly the leader of the largest non-government party and is recognized as such by the chairman.

Secretariat

The Secretariat of the Rajya Sabha was set up under the provisions contained in Article 98 of the Constitution. The said Article, which provides for a separate secretarial staff for each house of Parliament, reads as follows:- 98. Secretariat of Parliament – Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the creation of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Parliament may by law regulate the recruitment and the conditions of service of persons appointed to the secretarial staff of either House of Parliament.WEB, Secretariat Introduction,weblink Digital Sansad, 3 October 2023, 9 October 2023,weblink live, The Rajya Sabha Secretariat functions under the overall guidance and control of the chairman. The main activities of the Secretariat inter alia include the following:(i) providing secretarial assistance and support to the effective functioning of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha); (ii) providing amenities as admissible to Members of Rajya Sabha; (iii) servicing the various Parliamentary Committees;(iv) preparing research and reference material and bringing out various publications;(v) recruitment of manpower in the Sabha Secretariat and attending to personnel matters; and(vi) preparing and publishing a record of the day-to-day proceedings of the Rajya Sabha and bringing out such other publications, as may be required concerning the functioning of the Rajya Sabha and its Committees.In the discharge of their constitutional and statutory responsibilities, the chairman of the Rajya Sabha is assisted by the secretary-general, who holds the rank equivalent to the cabinet secretary to the government of India. The secretary-general, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of secretary, additional secretary, joint secretary and other officers and staff of the secretariat. The present secretary-general is Pramod Chandra Mody.WEB,weblink Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha, 18 May 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180811163311weblink">weblink 11 August 2018, live, NEWS, 2021-11-12, Ex-CBDT chief P.C. Mody made Rajya Sabha Secretary General, en-IN, The Hindu,weblink 2022-03-07, 0971-751X, 6 March 2022,weblink live, In the winter 2019 session, uniforms of Rajya Sabha marshals were restyled from traditional Indian attire comprising turbans to dark navy blue and olive green military-style outfits with caps.WEB,weblink Curb rampant copying of military uniform, Harwant Singh (retd), Lt Gen, The Tribune, en, 2019-12-26,weblink 26 December 2019, live, WEB,weblink Naidu orders review of new military-style uniform of marshals, Service, Tribune News, The Tribune, en, 2019-12-26,weblink 26 December 2019, live,

Media

Sansad TV (STV) is a 24-hour parliamentary television channel owned and operated jointly by both houses of Indian Parliament. The channel aims to provide in-depth coverage and analysis of parliamentary affairs, especially its functioning and policy development. During sessions, Sansad TV provides live coverage and presents an analysis of the proceedings of the house as well as other day-to-day parliamentary events and developments.Earlier both houses of parliament had their own channels named Rajya Sabha TV and Lok Sabha TV Respectively.WEB, About Rajya Sabha TV,weblink Rajya Sabha, 19 May 2014, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140209173947weblink">weblink 9 February 2014, dmy-all,

See also

• Lok Sabha
• List of current members of the Rajya Sabha
• State legislative councils of India
• Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• The Nominated Members of India's Council of States: A Study of Role-Definition J. H. Proctor, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 1, Feb 1985, pp. 53–70.
• WEB, Alistair, McMillan, Constitution 91st Amendment Bill: A Constitutional Fraud?,weblink nuff.ox.ac.uk, 19 May 2014,

External links

• {{Official website}}

{{Rajya Sabha}}{{Parliament of India}}{{Government of India}}{{Legislatures of India}}{{India topics}}{{National upper houses}}{{Authority control}}