{{Short description|Irish musician and activist, lead vocalist of U2 (born 1960)}}{{Other uses}}{{Redirect|Paul Hewson|the New Zealand musician and songwriter of the same name|Dragon (band)}}{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

*factoids*

Dublin, Republic of Ireland>Ireland| other_names = Bono VoxSinger-songwriterbusinessman}}| organization = One Campaign Ali Hewson>1982}}Eve Hewson>Eve and Elijah Hewson#Awards and recognition>Full list| website = | module =

*factoids*
embed	yes\| origin = Dublin, Ireland

Vocalsharmonica{edih}| years_active = 1976â€“present

}}| current_member_of = U2| website =}}| signature = BonoSignature.svg| signature_size = 100px| signature_alt =| footnotes =}}Paul David Hewson (born 10 May 1960), known by the nickname Bono ({{IPAc-en|Ëˆ|b|É’|n|oÊŠ}} {{respell|BON|oh}}), is an Irish singer-songwriter and activist.WEB,weblink Bono-Fire, Elaina, Richardson, Oprah.com, 9 June 2023, February 2002, He is the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of the rock band U2.Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, he attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School where in 1976 he began dating his future wife, Alison Stewart, as well as forming, with schoolmates, the band that became U2.WEB,weblink Adam Clayton biography â€“ U2 bassist, atU2.com, 19 November 2010, 27 September 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927190208weblink">weblink dead, ; NEWS, The Unforgettable Sire, Vincent, Moss, 24 December 2006, Sunday Mirror,weblink 19 November 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080204073951weblink">weblink 4 February 2008, dead, ; NEWS, In Music and Love, U2 Has Staying Power, Elise, McIntosh, 3 October 2006, Staten Island Advance, Bono soon established himself as a passionate frontman for the band through his expressive vocal style and grandiose gestures and songwriting. His lyrics frequently include social and political themes, and religious imagery inspired by his Christian beliefs. During U2's early years, Bono's lyrics contributed to the group's rebellious and spiritual tone. As the band matured, his lyrics became inspired more by personal experiences shared with the other members. As a member of U2, Bono has received 22 Grammy Awards and has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.Aside from his music, Bono is an activist for social justice causes, both through U2 and as an individual. He is particularly active in campaigning to fight extreme poverty and HIV/AIDS in Africa, for which he co-founded DATA, EDUN, the ONE Campaign, and Product Red. In pursuit of these causes, he has participated in benefit concerts and lobbied politicians and heads of state for relief. Bono has been honoured for his philanthropic efforts.WEB, Mellgren, Douglas, 24 February 2006, Bono Among Nobel Peace Prize Nominees, Associated Press, SFGATE, 14 January 2007,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090821205205weblink">weblink 21 August 2009, In 2005, Bono was named one of the Time Persons of the Year. He was granted an honorary knighthood by Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 2007 for "his services to the music industry and for his humanitarian work", and was made a of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) in 2013. Bono has also attracted criticism for bypassing African businesses in his activist efforts and for tax avoidance in his personal finances.WEB,weblink Bono and Bob Geldof increase Africa's problems say charity, 23 November 2007, NME.COM, 22 September 2014, NEWS,weblink Tax tourists and the crown prince of thieves, The Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, Adele, Horin, 26 July 2008, 19 March 2015, Outside the band, he has recorded with numerous artists. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate the Edge on several projects, including: songs for Roy Orbison, Tina Turner, and Martin Garrix; and the soundtracks to the musical (Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark) and a London stage adaptation of (A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music|A Clockwork Orange). In business, he invested in the refurbishment of the Clarence Hotel in Dublin, and was managing director and a managing partner of the private equity firm Elevation Partners, which invested in several companies.WEB,weblink Billboard.biz, 18 May 2012, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, 22 September 2014, 15 January 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130115131606weblink">weblink dead,

Early life

Paul David Hewson was born in the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin on 10 May 1960,BOOK, Bono: In the Name of Love, Wall, Mick, 2006, Andre Deutsch Ltd, 978-0-233-00177-7, 17,weblink 5 September 2013, the second child of Iris (nÃ©e Rankin) and Brendan Robert "Bob" Hewson, then living in Stillorgan on Dublin's Southside.{{rp|16}} His brother, Norman, is eight years older than him. Bono's family moved to a new house on Cedarwood Road, between the Northside suburbs of FinglasMcCormick (2006), p. 15NEWS,weblink It's where I shaped my future, says Bono, Evening Herald, Herald.ie, 12 December 2012, 5 September 2013, and Ballymun{{rp|16}}BOOK, Wall, Mick, Bono (In the Name of Love), Andre Deutsch, 2005, London, 21, 22, He remembers Ballymun, the district he was brought up in... a newly built semi-detached house at 10 Cedarwood Road, when he was six weeks old, and he grew up there.{{rp|16-}}{{efn|The area in which Bono grew up is the subject of debate for decades already - as he stated himself "when we moved to Cedarwood Road everyone was saying we lived in Ballymun ... I asked my dad, who worked in the postal service, and he said, believe it or not, one part of the road is Ballymun and one part of the road is Finglas, so you can say what you like"; there are multiple sources for each area, two - e.g. Wall and Dunphy for Ballymun - for each here is sufficient}}The Hewson brothers grew up in an interdenominational Christian household; their mother was a member of the Church of Ireland, and their father was a Roman Catholic.McCormick (2006), p. 17 Both parents initially agreed that the first child would be raised Anglican and the second Catholic.BOOK, Unforgettable Fire: The Definitive Biography of U2, Eamon, Dunphy, Warner Books, 978-0-446-51459-0, New York, 1987,weblink {{rp|15}} Although Bono was the second child, he also attended Church of Ireland services with his mother and brother, while his father also sometimes brought him to Mass at the nearby Catholic church, St Canice's.EPISODE, Desert Island Discs, Bono, Lauren, Laverne, BBC, Radio 4, 26 June 2022, In 2000, Bono learned that Scott Rankin, a relative he thought to be his cousin, was actually his half-brother; Rankin was the offspring of an affair that Bob Hewson had with his wife's sister Barbara.NEWS,weblink 'We felt like brothers before we knew' â€“ Bono reveals his cousin Scott Rankin is actually his half-brother, Irish Independent, Ciara, O'Loughlin, 22 October 2022, 28 October 2022, Bono attended a Protestant primary school, Glasnevin National School,Matthews (2008), p. 8 rather than the local Catholic-managed primary school in Ballymun. His teenage musical idols were Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, David Bowie, and Marc Bolan of T. Rex.NEWS, Cormac, McSherry, Bono's Teenage Kicks, The Guardian, 17 June 2007,weblink 3 January 2020, After attending St. Patrick's Cathedral Grammar School for a year, Bono moved to Mount Temple Comprehensive School, a multi-denominational school in Clontarf.McCormick (2006), p. 18Bono's mother died on 10 September 1974, three days after suffering a ruptured cerebral aneurysm at her father's funeralweblink Many U2 songs, including "I Will Follow", "Mofo", "Out of Control", "Lemon" and "Tomorrow", focus on the loss of his mother.NEWS, Growing Up With U2, The Daily Telegraph, Neil, McCormick, 1 January 1997, JOURNAL, U2: Small Victories in a Rock and Roll Struggle of Sound and Emotion Report, Fred, Schruers, May 1983, Musician (magazine), Musician, He said "because of the way I grew up in Finglas -- sleeping on a couch, or because my mother died when I was a kid, I was in the house on my own a lot of the time, so I'd knock on the door of the Hanveys at teatime, or the Rowens at lunchtime."NEWS, It's where I shaped my future, says Bono,weblink 7 November 2022, Irish Independent, During his childhood and adolescence, Bono and his friends were part of a surrealist street gang called "Lypton Village". Two of his closest childhood friends, the artist Guggi and the musician Gavin Friday, lived on the same street; Guggi was also in Lypton Village. The gang had a ritual of giving nicknames. Bono had several names: first, he was known as "Steinhegvanhuysenolegbangbangbang",McCormick (2006), p. 39 then just "Huyseman", followed by "Houseman", "Bon Murray", "Bono Vox of O'Connell Street", and finally just "Bono".BOOK, Assayas, Michka, Bono on Bono: Conversations with Michka Assayas, Hodder & Stoughton, 978-0-340-83276-9, London, 2005, "Bono Vox" is a modified form of Bonavox, which is the name of a hearing aid shop just off Dublin's principal street, O'Connell Street.WEB, Bonavox Celebrate 50 Years in DublinTown,weblink 29 June 2022, DublinTown, The name derives from the Latin phrase for "good voice". The nickname was given by Guggi; Bono initially disliked it but after learning of its translation, he accepted it. Hewson has been known as "Bono" since the age of 14 or 15. In addition to it being his stage name, close family, friends and fellow band members also refer to him as Bono.After Bono left school,{{when|date=November 2022}} his father told him he could live at home for one year, but if he was not able to pay his own way, he would have to leave the house.McCormick (2006), p. 59

Musical career

U2

On 25 September 1976, Bono, David Evans ("The Edge"), his brother Dik Evans, and Adam Clayton responded to an advertisement on a bulletin board at Mount Temple posted by fellow student Larry Mullen Jr. seeking people interested in forming a rock band.NEWS, Boyd, Bryan, U2 hit 40: The â€˜drummer seeks musiciansâ€™ note that started it all,weblink 2 May 2024, The Irish Times, 21 September 2016, The band had occasional jam sessions in which they did covers of other bands. Tired of long guitar solos and hard rock, Bono wanted to play The Rolling Stones and Beach Boys songs.MAGAZINE, Wenner, Jann S., 3 November 2005, Bono: The Rolling Stone Interview,weblink 22 February 2021, Rolling Stone, The band could not play covers very well, so they started writing their own songs.MAGAZINE, Henke, James, Blessed Are the Peacemakers, Rolling Stone, 9 June 1983, 397, 11â€“14, (File:U2 21081983 01 800b.jpg|thumb|alt=A black and white image of a light-skinned man singing into a microphone. He is visible from the chest up and wears a sleeveless black shirt with an opened sleeveless white vest overtop. A small cross is worn around his neck. His black hair is styled into a mullet. The man looks past the camera to the left. A mixture of trees and sky are visible in the background.|Bono on stage in 1983)The band went by the name "Feedback" for a few months, before changing to "The Hype" later on. After Dik Evans left the group to join another local band, the Virgin Prunes, the remaining four officially changed the name from "The Hype" to "U2". Initially Bono sang, played guitar and wrote the band's songs. He said of his early guitar playing in a 1982 interview, "When we started out I was the guitar player, along with the Edgeâ€”except I couldn't play guitar. I still can't. I was such a lousy guitar player that one day they broke it to me that maybe I should sing instead. I had tried before, but I had no voice at all. I remember the day I found I could sing. I said, 'Oh, that's how you do it.{{'"}}JOURNAL, Bono in San Antonio, U2 Magazine, 3, May 1982, When The Edge's guitar playing improved, Bono was relegated mostly to the microphone, although he occasionally still plays rhythm guitar and harmonica. As of 2006, Bono has taken piano lessons from his children's piano teacher as a means to improve his songwriting.MAGAZINE,weblink U2â€”Bono Takes Piano Lessons, Contactmusic.com, 6 February 2006, 14 February 2008, On 13 July 1985, U2 performed at the Live Aid benefit concert at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 72,000 fans and a worldwide television audience of 1.5 billion people.MAGAZINE,weblink U2's 'Bad' Break: 12 Minutes at Live Aid That Made the Band's Career, Rolling Stone, Gavin, Edwards, 10 July 2014, 13 July 2020, McGee (2008), pp. 88â€“89 During a 12-minute performance of "Bad", Bono climbed down from the stage to embrace and dance with a female fan he had picked out of the crowd, showing television viewers the personal connection that he could make with audiences.de la Parra (2003), pp. 72â€“73 Bono's impromptu departure from the stage extended the length of "Bad", cutting into their allotted time and forcing them to drop "Pride (In the Name of Love)", their biggest hit at the time, from their setlist. The group initially regarded the concert as a missed opportunity, but many journalists called their performance one of the show's highlights; The Guardian cited Live Aid as the event that made stars of U2 and their performance as one of 50 key events in rock history.WEB,weblink U2 become stars after Live Aid, The Guardian, Pete, Paphides, 12 June 2011, 7 November 2016, File:Sting-Bono-Conspiracy of Hope-by Steven Toole.jpg|thumb|Bono (right) with Sting during A Conspiracy of Hope A Conspiracy of HopeBono writes the lyrics for almost all U2 songs, which often have social and political themes.WEB,weblink weblink" title="archive.today/20120718084047weblink">weblink dead, 18 July 2012, Bono: Biography from @U2, atU2.com, 19 November 2010, His lyrics frequently allude to a religious connection or meaning, evident in songs such as "Gloria" from the band's album October and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" from The Joshua Tree.Stockman (2005) During the band's early years, Bono was known for his rebellious tone which turned to political anger and rage during the band's War, The Joshua Tree, and Rattle and Hum eras. Following the Enniskillen bombing that left 11 dead and 63 injured on 8 November 1987, the Provisional IRA paramilitaries threatened to kidnap Bono. IRA supporters also attacked a vehicle carrying the band members. These acts were in response to his speech condemning the Enniskillen bombing during a live performance of "Sunday Bloody Sunday". Bono had been advised to cut his on-stage outburst from the Rattle and Hum film, but it was left in.VIDEO, Hamlyn, Michael (producer), and Joanou, Phil (director), 1988, Rattle and Hum, Motion picture, United States, Paramount Pictures, The film also contains footage of the band's 11 November 1987 free "Save the Yuppies" concert at Justin Herman Plaza in San Francisco, during which Bono spray-painted "Rock N Roll Stops the Traffic" on the Vaillancourt Fountain sculpture. Bono was criticised by Mayor Dianne Feinstein and faced a misdemeanor for defacing public property. He apologised in a written statement to local officials, and the band's promoter Bill Graham agreed to pay to clean up the graffiti.Jobling (2014), pp. 189â€“190 With the band feeling a sense of musical stagnation towards the end of the Lovetown Tour, Bono hinted at changes to come during a 30 December 1989 concert; before a hometown crowd in Dublin, he said on stage that it was "the end of something for U2", and that "we have to go away and ... dream it all up again".McGee (2008), p. 129McCormick (2006), p. 213File:Bono as The Fly Cleveland 1992.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Bono as his alter-ego "The Fly" on the Zoo TV Tour Zoo TV TourU2's sound and focus dramatically changed with their 1991 album, Achtung Baby. Bono's lyrics became more personal, inspired by experiences related to the private lives of the members of the band. During the band's 1992â€“1993 Zoo TV Tour, Bono assumed a number of costumed stage personae in an attempt to be more lighthearted and escape the group's reputation of being overly serious and self-righteous.MAGAZINE, Achtung Stations, Uncut (magazine), Uncut, Stephen, Dalton, November 2004, 90, 52, Bono said: "All through the Eighties we tried to be ourselves and failed when the lights were on. Which is what set us up for Zoo TV. We decided to have some fun being other people, or at least other versions of ourselves."McCormick (2006), pp. 234â€“235 Bono's primary persona during the tour was "the Fly", which originated from him wearing an oversized pair of blaxploitation sunglasses, given to him by wardrobe manager Fintan Fitzgerald, to lighten the mood in the studio.McGee (2008), pp. 134â€“135McCormick (2006), pp. 224â€“225, 227, 232 He developed the persona into a leather-clad egomaniac, and described his outfit as having Lou Reed's glasses, Elvis Presley's jacket, and Jim Morrison's leather trousers.EPISODE, U2, VH1's Legends, Legends, VH1, 1, 6, 11 December 1998, To match the character's dark fashion, Bono dyed his naturally-brown hair black.Flanagan (1996), pp. 97, 521 In contrast to his earnest stage demeanour of the 1980s, as the Fly, Bono strutted around the stage with "swagger and style", exhibiting mannerisms of an egotistical rock star.McGee (2008), pp. 143â€“144 He often stayed in character as the Fly away from the stage, including for public appearances and when staying in hotels.MAGAZINE,weblink Behind the Fly, Alan, Light, Alan Light, Rolling Stone, 4 March 1993, 651, 42+, 27 February 2020, For his "Mirror Ball Man" stage character, Bono dressed in a shining silver lamÃ© suit with matching shoes and cowboy hat.Flanagan (1996), p. 62 The character was meant to parody greedy American televangelists, showmen, and car salesman, and was inspired by Phil Ochs' Elvis persona from his 1970 tour.Flanagan (1996), p. 61 Bono said that the character represented "a kind of showman America. He had the confidence and charm to pick up a mirror and look at himself and give the glass a big kiss. He loved cash and in his mind success was God's blessing."McCormick (2006), p. 238 Mirror Ball Man appeared during encores of concerts in 1992 and made prank calls from the stage, often to the White House in an attempt to reach U.S. President George H. W. Bush. Bono portrayed this alter ego on the first three legs of the tour, but replaced him with "MacPhisto" in 1993. MacPhisto was created to parody the devil and was named after Mephistopheles of the Faust legend.Flanagan (1996), pp. 228â€“231 As MacPhisto, Bono wore a gold lamÃ© suit with gold platform shoes, pale makeup, lipstick, and devil's horns on his head.McGee (2008), pp. 160â€“161 As the character, Bono spoke with an exaggerated upper-class English accent, similar to that of a down-on-his-luck character actor. According to him, "We came up with a sort of old English Devil, a pop star long past his prime returning regularly from sessions on The Strip in Vegas and regaling anyone who would listen to him at cocktail hour with stories from the good old, bad old days."McCormick (2006), p. 248 As MacPhisto, Bono continued his routine of making in-concert prank calls, targeting local politicians and mocking them by engaging them in character as the devil;Flanagan (1996), p. 245 he said, "When you're dressed as the Devil, your conversation is immediately loaded, so if you tell somebody you really like what they're doing, you know it's not a compliment."During performances, Bono attempts to interact with the crowd as often as possible. He is known for pulling audience members onto the stage or moving himself down to the physical level of the audience. In 2005, during U2's Vertigo Tour stop in Chicago, he pulled a boy onto the stage during the song "An Cat Dubh / Into the Heart".VIDEO, O'Hanlon, Ned (producer), and Hamilton, Hamish (director), 2005, (Vertigo 2005: Live From Chicago), Motion picture, United States, 3DD Entertainment, Bono has often allowed fans to come on stage and perform songs with the band.While accepting the 2003 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "The Hands That Built America", Bono called the award "really, really fucking brilliant!" during the live television broadcast.NEWS, Boliek, Brooks, Appeals court throws out FCC indecency ruling, The Hollywood Reporter,weblink 5 June 2007, 1 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070707012358weblink">weblink 7 July 2007, live, In response, the Parents Television Council condemned Bono for his profanity and started a campaign for its members to file complaints with the FCC.PRESS RELEASE, PTC condemns NBC, Parents Television Council, 20 January 2003,weblink 16 July 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070930211001weblink">weblink 30 September 2007, Although Bono's use of "fuck" violated FCC indecency standards, the FCC refused to fine NBC because the network did not receive advance notice of the consequences of broadcasting such profanity and the profanity in question was not used in its literal sexual meaning.NEWS, Ahrens, Frank, FCC Says Bono Profanity Violated Standards, but Won't Fine NBC, E1, The Washington Post, 19 March 2004,weblink 16 July 2007, 4 June 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110604132301weblink">weblink dead, In apparent reaction to the refusal,WEB, Congressmen introduces bill to curb profanity in broadcasting,weblink 8 January 2004, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, 30 December 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150624023421weblink">weblink 24 June 2015, dead, a group of congressmen introduced House Resolution 3687, the "Clean Airwaves Act",JOURNAL, Bono, the Culture Wars, and a Profane Decision: The FCC's Reversal of Course on Indecency Determinations and Its New Path on Profanity, Clay Calvert, 28, 1, 2004, Seattle University Law Review, 61â€“95,weblink 5 May 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150909204218weblink">weblink 9 September 2015, dead, on 8 December 2003,H.R. 3687 (108th) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021445weblink |date=24 June 2015 }} â€“ GovTrack aiming to amend s:United States Code/Title 18/Part I/Chapter 71/Section 1464|section 1464 of title 18 of the United States Code]] to provide an explicit list of profane words and phrases and remove ambiguity that could enable certain uses of the phrases to be allowed.MAGAZINE, Fox Runs Afoul of FCC, Bill Holland,weblink 8, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, 10 January 2004, The bill was not enacted. The incident has had a long-term impact in the handling of profanity on live broadcasts.File:2005-11-21 U2 @ MSG by ZG.JPG|thumb|right|U2 performing at Madison Square Garden Madison Square GardenU2 were criticised in 2007 for moving part of their multimillion-euro song catalogue from Ireland to Amsterdam six months before Ireland ended a tax exemption on musicians' royalties.NEWS, Lynnley, Browning, The Netherlands, the New Tax Shelter Hot Spot,weblink The New York Times, 4 February 2007, 21 March 2007, limited, NEWS,weblink U2 move their rock empire out of Ireland, 6 August 2006, 25 February 2009, McConnell, Daniel, The Irish Independent, Under Dutch tax law, bands are subject to low to non-existent tax rates. U2 manager Paul McGuinness stated that the arrangement was legal and customary and businesses often sought to minimise their tax burdens. The move prompted criticisms in the Irish parliament.NEWS,weblink Bono, Preacher on Poverty, Tarnishes Halo With Irish Tax Move, Bloomberg, Fergal O'Brien, 15 October 2006, 5 September 2013, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110805043350weblink">weblink 5 August 2011, dmy-all, NEWS, Marina, Hyde, They live like aristocrats. Now they think like them,weblink The Guardian, February 2007, 16 February 2007, London, The band later responded by stating that approximately 95% of their business took place outside Ireland, and that they were taxed globally because of this.NEWS,weblink U2 reject tax avoidance claims, Belfast Telegraph, 26 February 2009, 26 February 2009, Belfasttelegraph.co.uk, Bono was one of several wealthy figures whose tax arrangements were singled out for criticism in a report by the charity Christian Aid in 2008.

Solo

In November 2022, Bono embarked on a 14-date book tour across North America and Europe called "Stories of Surrender" to promote his memoir Surrender: 40 Songs, One Story.MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Sets 'Stories of Surrender' Book Tour, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, Lars, Brandle, 4 October 2022, 1 April 2023, For the shows, he recited and acted out passages from his book and performed U2 songs in stripped-down arrangements. Though described as a "one-man show",WEB,weblink Bono live in London: U2 frontman brings his memoir to life with songs and fascinating stories, NME, Damian, Jones, 17 November 2022, 1 April 2023, the performances were aided by musicians Kate Ellis (cello, keyboards, vocals), Gemma Doherty (harp, keyboards, vocals), and U2 producer Jacknife Lee ("musical director" â€“ keyboards, percussion).WEB,weblink Bono's Impressive One-Man Show Remixes U2 Classics With Personal History: Concert Review, Variety (magazine), Variety, William, Earl, 3 November 2022, 14 March 2023, WEB,weblink U2's Bono Announces New Round of 'Stories of Surrender' Book Tour Dates, Variety (magazine), Variety, Jem, Aswad, 12 December 2022, 14 March 2023, Bono continued the tour with a residency of 11 shows at the Beacon Theatre in New York City from April to May 2023,WEB,weblink Bono adds shows to 'Stories of Surrender' run at Beacon Theatre, Brooklyn Vegan, Amanda, Hatfield, 5 January 2023, 1 April 2023, which grossed $6.8 million.MAGAZINE, 2023 Pollstar Mid-Year Top 100: North American Tours, Pollstar, 26 June 2023, 43, 25, 26,

Collaborations

In addition to his work with U2, Bono has collaborated with Frank Sinatra,Simon, S. (Host). (13 November 1993). Weekend Edition Saturday. Washington, DC: National Public Radio. Johnny Cash,WEB,weblink Lost Highway Records, 10 October 2005, News, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051024003150weblink">weblink 24 October 2005, 5 September 2013, Willie Nelson,U2. (1998). Slow Dancing. On If God Will Send His Angels [CD-Single]. New York: Island Records. Luciano Pavarotti,Louie, R. (6 February 1996). Short Takes. Buffalo News. Retrieved 3 May 2007, from Opera man Luciano Pavarotti wants to be hip {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111904weblink |date=5 October 2018 }}. SinÃ©ad O'Connor,NEWS, Voyer, Robert, 1 October 2005, Splendid, 3 May 2007,weblink splendid > reviews > 10/1/2005,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120402235532weblink">weblink 2 April 2012, Green Day, Tom Petty, Roy Orbison,Orbison, R. (1989). "She's a Mystery to Me". On Mystery Girl [CD]. London: Virgin Records. Bob Dylan,Bono (10 August 1984). BONO, BOB AND VAN. Hot Press. Patti Smith, Tina Turner,Various Artists. (1995). Goldeneye. On Goldeneye: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack [CD]. New York: Virgin Records. B.B. King, Zucchero,AV MEDIA NOTES, Miserere, Zucchero / Luciano Pavarotti, 1992, PolyGram, PolyGram Italia s.r.i, CD, 864 401â€“2, NEWS,weblink weblink" title="archive.today/20110815081951weblink">weblink dead, 15 August 2011, Platinum Tenor Meet Opera Sensation Andrea Bocelli, Italy's 'Young Pavarotti', Kissel, Howard, Daily News (New York), 6 August 1998, 17 February 2011, U2. (1988). When Love Comes to Town. On Rattle and Hum [CD]. New York: Island Records. Ray Charles,U2 Wanderer. (Unknown last update). U2 Discographyâ€”Q's Jook Joint. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Quincy Jones, Kirk Franklin,Kirk Franklin. (1998). Lean on me. On The Nu Nation Project [CD-Album]. Inglewood: GospoCentric Records. Bruce Springsteen,Stanley, A. (19 May 2007). "Bruce Springsteen: The Rising Tour 2003-2003 Final Tour Statistics" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710224549weblink |date=10 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Tony Bennett,TonyBennett.net. (Unknown last update). weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/19980119100349weblink">Tony Bennett, Columbia Records. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Clannad,U2tour.de. (Unknown last update). In A Lifetime (Clannad & Bono) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615114552weblink |date=15 June 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007. The Corrs,Cashmere, P. (14 April 2004). The Corrs Record Another Bono Song. Undercover Media. Retrieved 4 July 2007, from undercover.com.au {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070619021845weblink |date=19 June 2007 }}. Wyclef Jean,U2Wanderer.org. (Unknown last update). U2 Discographyâ€”New Day Single. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Kylie Minogue,WEB,weblink Kylie's Bono Moment â€“ Kylie Minogue â€“ News â€“ MTV UK, MTV UK, 22 September 2014, Carl Perkins,{{AllMusic |class=album |id=r241501 |label=Go Cat Go â€“ Carl Perkins |first=Cub |last=Koda |access-date=25 November 2011}} and Herbert GrÃ¶nemeyer.Mensch feat. Bono von Herbert GrÃ¶nemeyer â€“ laut.de â€“ Song On Robbie Robertson's 1987 eponymous album, he played bass guitar and sang.Robbie Robertson. (1987). Sweet Fire of Love. On Robbie Robertson [CD-Album]. Santa Monica: Geffen Records. For Michael Hutchence's 1999 posthumous eponymous album, Bono and producer Andy Gill completed the unfinished song "Slide Away" by writing an additional verse and recording vocals by Bono.MAGAZINE, Radio sets up V2's Hutchence solo set, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, Christie, Eliezer, 23 October 1999, 111, 43, 64, 86, In 2015, he collaborated with African stars D'banj, Waje and Omotola Jalade Ekeinde for a women's empowerment song entitled "Strong Girl".WEB, D'banj Bono, Waje, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde star in conscious 'Strong girl' remix,weblink Pulse.com.gh, David Mawuli, 9 February 2016, 25 September 2015, Bono and the Edge have written and recorded several songs together outside of U2. They wrote the musical score for the Royal Shakespeare Company's London (A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music|stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange), which opened in 1990. The duo also wrote the eponymous theme song of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye, which was performed by Tina Turner. Bono and the Edge ventured into theatre again when they composed the music and lyrics for the Broadway musical (Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark);WEB,weblink Bono, Edge Penning Tunes For 'Spider-Man' Musical, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, Borys, Kit, 19 April 2007, 4 March 2021, they were featured on the soundtrack's single "Rise Above 1" with Reeve Carney in 2011.MAGAZINE,weblink Rise Above 1 by Reeve Carney feat. Bono and the Edge â€“ Rolling Stone Music â€“ Album Reviews, Rolling Stone, 22 September 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140826132053weblink">weblink 26 August 2014, dead, NEWS,weblink 'Spider-Man' star Reeve Carney in new video with Bono, the Edge, Los Angeles Times, 22 September 2014, 28 July 2011, The duo collaborated with Jay-Z and Rihanna for the 2010 song "Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)", which benefitted the Hope for Haiti Now relief telethon for the 2010 Haiti earthquake.WEB,weblink Jay-Z, U2, Rihanna Team Up for Haiti Telethon, MTV News, Shaheem, Reid, 22 January 2010, 4 March 2021, Bono and the Edge were featured on the song "We Are the People" by Dutch DJ Martin Garrix, which served as the official song of the UEFA Euro 2020 tournament and was released on 14 May 2021.MAGAZINE,weblink Hear Martin Garrix's New Song 'We Are the People,' Featuring Bono and the Edge, Rolling Stone, Andy, Greene, 13 May 2021, 13 May 2021, On 17 March 2020, Bono performed a new song, "Let Your Love Be Known", via livestream to fans during the COVID-19 pandemic.WEB,weblink U2's Bono performs brand new song 'Let Your Love Be Known' via livestream, Krol, Charlotte, 17 March 2020, NME, 21 March 2020, On 24 March, the song was released on YouTube,Archived at Ghostarchive{{cbignore}} and the weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200324141744weblink">Wayback Machine{{cbignore}}: {{Citation|title=#SING4LIFE â€“ Featuring Bono, will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson and Yoshiki|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz-DoaHi3zo|language=en|access-date=25 March 2020}}{{cbignore}} retitled "#SING4LIFE", as a collaboration with will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson, and Yoshiki.MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Enlists Will.i.am, Jennifer Hudson and Yoshiki for 'Sing for Life', 24 March 2020, Rolling Stone, en-US, 25 March 2020,

Musical style

Vocals

(File:U2 in Tokyo (49182846331).jpg|thumb|upright=0.85|Bono performing in Amsterdam in July 2017)Bono is known for his impassioned vocal style, often delivered in a high register through open-throated belting.Fast (2000), pp. 33â€“53NEWS,weblink Album review: The Joshua Tree, The New Zealand Herald, 20 March 1987, Colin, Hogg, 15 October 2010, NEWS,weblink U2's Roots Go Deeper, Los Angeles Times, Robert, Hilburn, Robert Hilburn, 15 March 1987, section Calendar, p. 61, 15 October 2010, Rooksby (2001), pp. 122â€“123 Bono has been classified as a tenor,NEWS,weblink U2 Takes a Turn From the Universal To the Domestic, The New York Times, Jon, Pareles, Jon Pareles, 17 November 1991, National, sec. Arts and Leisure, p. 29, 13 October 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130928170832weblink">weblink 28 September 2013, live, dmy, NEWS,weblink On Music: U2's latest CD takes time to settle in, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 2 March 2009, 12 May 2018, Gene, Stout, and according to him has a three-octave vocal range;MAGAZINE,weblink Even Better Than the Surreal Thing, Hot Press, Joe, Jackson, 16 June 1993, 17, 11, one analysis found it to span from C{{music|sharp}}{{sub|2}} to G{{music|sharp}}{{sub|5}} on studio recordings over the course of his career.WEB,weblink The Vocal Ranges of the World's Greatest Singers, ConcertHotels.com, 2 September 2019, He frequently employs "whoa-oh-oh" vocalisations in his singing.WEB,weblink U2's Songs of Innocence Forget the hype: what about the music?, Irish Examiner, Ed, Power, 15 September 2014, 3 September 2020, Rock musician Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day said: "He's a physical singer, like the leader of a gospel choir, and he gets lost in the melodic moment. He goes to a place outside himself, especially in front of an audience, when he hits those high notes." He added that Bono is "not afraid to go beyond what he's capable of".MAGAZINE,weblink The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, Rolling Stone, Jonathan, Lethem, 27 November 2008, 1066, 67â€“108, 5 July 2018, In the early days of U2, Bono unintentionally developed an English vocal accent as a result of him mimicking his musical influences such as Siouxsie and the Banshees.McCormick (2006), p. 58 He said: "I still think that I sing like Siouxsie from The Banshees on the first two U2 albums. But I found my voice through Joey Ramone at that gig in Dublin. I stood there and heard him singing. He sang a bit like a girl too. It was all going to be OK after all. That was my way in."WEB, BjÃ¸rn, Hammershaug,weblink Age of Innocence: U2's Dublin Beginnings, Tidal (service), Tidal, 23 October 2014, 1 December 2021, His vocal style evolved during the band's exploration of roots music for The Joshua Tree; Spin said that he learned to command "the full whisper-to-shout range of blues mannerisms".MAGAZINE, Spins: U2 â€“ The Joshua Tree, Spin (magazine), Spin, John, Piccarella, June 1987, 3, 3, 32â€“33, Bono attributed this maturation to "loosening up", "discover[ing] other voices", and employing more restraint in his singing.MAGAZINE,weblink The World About Us, Hot Press, Niall, Stokes, Niall Stokes, Graham, Bill, 26 March 1987, 27 April 2011, 11, 5, 16 October 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121016162124weblink">weblink dead, For "Where the Streets Have No Name", Bono varied the timbre of his voice extensively and used rubato to vary its timing,MAGAZINE, Butler, Mark, Taking it seriously: intertextuality and authenticity in two covers by the Pet Shop Boys, Popular Music, 22, 1, January 2003, 1â€“19, 10.1017/S0261143003003015, Cambridge University Press, 853553, while author Susan Fast found "With or Without You" to be the first track on which he "extended his vocal range downward in an appreciable way".Fast (2000), p. 48Bono continued to explore a lower range in the 1990s, using what Fast described as "breathy and subdued colors" for Achtung Baby.Fast (2000), pp. 45â€“48 One technique used on the album is octave doubling, in which his vocals are sung in two different octaves, either simultaneously or alternating between verses and choruses. According to Fast, this technique introduces "a contrasting lyrical idea and vocal character to deliver it", leading to both literal and ironic interpretations of Bono's vocals.Fast (2000), pp. 49â€“50 On tracks such as "Zoo Station" and "The Fly", his vocals were highly processed,NEWS,weblink U2 bounces back, The Boston Globe, Steve, Morse, 15 November 1991, 13 October 2009, 53â€“54,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091212124705weblink">weblink 12 December 2009, live, dmy, MAGAZINE,weblink Burn, Bono, Burn, Entertainment Weekly, 94, Bill, Wyman, 29 November 1991, 90, 6 March 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090220184857weblink">weblink 20 February 2009, live, giving them a different emotional feel from his previous work.Stokes (2005), p. 96 Bono said that lowering his voice helped him find a new vocal vocabulary, as he previously felt limited to "certain words and tones" by his tenor voice.NEWS,weblink 'Where craft ends and spirit begins', Los Angeles Times, Robert, Hilburn, Robert Hilburn, 8 August 2004, E1, E40â€“E41, 14 December 2020, His singing on Zooropa was an even further departure from U2's previous style; throughout the record, Bono "underplay[ed] his lung power", according to Jon Pareles,NEWS,weblink A Raucous U2 Moves Farther Out on a Limb, Pareles, Jon, Jon Pareles, 4 July 1993, The New York Times, 8 October 2009, sec. Arts and Leisure, p. 22, and he also used an operatic falsetto he calls the "Fat Lady" voice on the tracks "Lemon" and "Numb".McCormick (2006), p. 248MAGAZINE, Bono vs. The Beast, Musician (magazine), Musician, Joe, Jackson, August 1993, As he has aged, Bono has continued to evolve his singing, relying more on "the croon than the belt", according to Rolling Stone{{'}}s Joe Gross.MAGAZINE,weblink U2 Go Back to Basics and Revisit Their Epic Career on 'Songs of Surrender', Rolling Stone, Joe, Gross, 14 March 2023, 14 March 2023,

Activism and philanthropy

File:Vladimir Putin 21 July 2001-13.jpg|thumb|right|Bono with heads of government Tony Blair and Vladimir Putin, and musician/activist Bob Geldof Bob GeldofBono has been involved in philanthropy and activism for human rights and social justice causes, both as a member of U2 and as an individual. He explained that he was motivated to become involved in social and political causes by seeing one of the Secret Policeman's Ball benefit shows, staged by Monty Python member John Cleese and producer Martin Lewis for the human-rights organisation Amnesty International in 1979.Boyd, B. (20 October 2006). "A secret history of the old Ball game"{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. The Irish Times. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Bono stated, "I saw The Secret Policeman's Ball and it became a part of me. It sowed a seed...".NEWS, 50 years of working with celebrities: comedy,weblink 21 August 2019, Amnesty International, 21 August 2019,weblink dead, In 1984, musician Bob Geldof enlisted Bono to participate in the Band Aid charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?";NEWS,weblink Music Becomes Food for the Hungry, The New York Times, Robert, Palmer, 21 April 1985, 60, National, Bono reprised his singing role for the 2004 Band Aid 20 and 2014 Band Aid 30 singles of the same name. In July 1985, U2 performed at the Live Aid charity concert, which was organised by Geldof to benefit the Ethiopian famine;NEWS, Bob Geldof, Philadelphia Daily News, Mary, Flannery, 15 July 1985, L15, he and Bono later collaborated to organise the 20th anniversary Live 8 concerts in 2005, at which U2 also performed.MAGAZINE,weblink DMB, U2 Lead Live 8 Shows, Rolling Stone, David, Wolinsky, 31 May 2005, 9 March 2021, pFile:LulaAndBonoVox.jpeg|thumb|right|Bono with then-President Lula da Silva Lula da SilvaFrom September to October 1985, Bono and his wife Ali Hewson made a humanitarian visit to Africa, spending a month working at a feeding center in Ajibar, Ethiopia.McGee (2008), pp. 89â€“91 Along with other volunteers, they developed an educational programme consisting of songs and one-act plays to teach Ethiopian children important information about issues such as health and hygiene.McCormick (2006), pp. 167â€“169 During the trip, he also became aware of the corruption, trade agreements, and debts that were all claimed to be contributing factors to the famine and poverty in Africa. The trip was cited as fueling Bono's passion for African issues that would come to characterise his future philanthropic and activist efforts.In 1986, Bono and U2 performed on Amnesty International's Conspiracy of Hope Tour of benefit concerts in the United States,MAGAZINE, Conspiracy of Hope Tour, Time (magazine), Time, 23 June 1986, Cathy, Booth, 127, 25, alongside musicians such as Sting and Bryan Adams.File:Bush and Bono.jpg|thumb|left|Bono and then-U.S. President George W. Bush George W. BushSince 1999, Bono has become increasingly involved with raising awareness of the plight of Africa and campaigning on its behalf. From 1999 to 2000, Bono was involved with the Jubilee 2000 coalition, working as an activist on its Drop the Debt campaign. He met with U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers, and with U.S. Republican politicians such as Jesse Helms, John Kasich, Orrin Hatch, J. Dennis Hastert, and Dick Armey in an effort to secure bipartisan support for the U.S. forgiving the debt of developing countries.NEWS,weblink The Rock Star, the Pope and the World's Poor, Los Angeles Times, Jonathan, Peterson, 7 January 2001, E1, E3â€“E4, 22 February 2021, He has met with several influential politicians, including former U.S. President George W. Bush and former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin.Denny, C., & Black, I. (15 March 2002). US and Europe boost aid to poorest countries. The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2007. During a March 2002 visit to the White House, Bono lobbied Bush to provide financial assistance to developing countries.MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Meets Bush, Rolling Stone, Christina, Saraceno, 15 March 2002, 10 March 2021, The following year, Bush signed legislation authorising the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief program,WEB,weblink PEPFAR: Celebrating 10 years working toward AIDS-free generation, NBC News, Michele, Richinick, 28 May 2013, 10 March 2021, which has been credited with saving 17 million lives over its lifetime.WEB,weblink The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief 2019, state.gov, 10 March 2021, Bush told Bono that the initiative "never would have made it out of Congress had [Bono] not been engaged".MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Awarded George W. Bush Medal for Distinguished Leadership for AIDS Work, Rolling Stone, Daniel, Kreps, 20 April 2018, 10 March 2021, File:The DATA report 2007 press conference with Bono, Herbert Groenemeyer, Bob Geldof, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (499523155).jpg|thumb|Bono at a 2007 press conference for his NGO DATA DATAThe advocacy non-government organisation (NGO) DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa) was established in 2002 by Bono and Bobby Shriver, along with activists from Drop the Debt.WEB,weblink debt AIDS trade africa, ONE, 22 September 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081121050436weblink">weblink 21 November 2008, dead, The organisation was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, George Soros, and Edward W. Scott.MAGAZINE,weblink The Constant Charmer, Time, Josh, Tyrangiel, Josh Tyrangiel, 26 December 2005 â€“ 2 January 2006, 166, 26, 46â€“50, 55, 57, 59â€“60, 62, 22 February 2021, In 2004, Bono and Shriver co-founded the One Campaign, with the aim of eliminating extreme poverty and disease in Africa by building citizen support.WEB,weblink Bono's U.S.-based anti-poverty groups to merge, Reuters, 29 October 2007, 22 February 2021, MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Wants His Charity to Be 'the NRA For the World's Poor', Rolling Stone, Althea, Legaspi, 7 December 2018, 22 February 2021, The organisation received a $3 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.PRESS RELEASE,weblink ONE Receives $3 Million from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, One Campaign, One.org, 4 December 2004, 22 February 2021, In 2006, Bono and Shriver collaborated again to found (Red), an organization that licenses the Product Red brand to partner companies to raise money for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Each company creates a product with the Product Red logo, and a percentage of the profits from the sale of these labelled products benefit the Global Fund.Smykil, J. (4 November 2006). Update: The Other Red meat "charity". Message posted to arstechnica.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821163938weblink |date=21 August 2008 }}; Macintouch Reader Reports. (7 November 2006). Fraud Reports: Jack Campbell. Retrieved 14 January 2007, from weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928103227weblink">macintouch.com. Partner companies include American Express, Apple, Converse, Motorola, Microsoft, Dell, The Gap, Giorgio Armani,Persuaders, LLC. (2007). What RED Is, How RED Works {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704132255weblink |date=4 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.Persuaders, LLC. (2007). Products {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703065400weblink |date=3 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Nike, and Starbucks; Bono was involved with securing most of Red's corporate partners.MAGAZINE,weblink The World's 50 Greatest Leaders â€“ No. 14 Bono: I Will Follow, Fortune (magazine), Fortune, Ellen, McGirt, April 2016, 173, 5, 94â€“105, 26 February 2021,weblink 27 August 2019, limited, In October 2007, it was announced that DATA and One Campaign would merge in the United States and that the new organization would be known simply as One. Red currently operates as a sister organisation of One. As of December 2018, One has 10 million members, 3 million of whom are in Africa. As of December 2020, Red has generated $650 million to support HIV/AIDS grants.WEB,weblink (RED), Mavin Records Unveil Partnership, Remix Competition With Ladipoe Single, Variety (magazine), Variety, Jem, Aswad, 1 December 2020, 26 February 2021, In 2023, Bono announced he would leave the board of directors of the One Campaign at the end of the year.WEB,weblink Bono to leave ONE Campaign board at end of the year, Devex, Michael, Igoe, 11 April 2023, 7 May 2023, In 2005, Bono recorded a version of "Don't Give Up" with Alicia Keys, with proceeds going to Keep a Child Alive.NEWS,weblink Alicia Keys, Bono to raise funds with AIDS song, Associated Press, 2 December 2005, 13 February 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110810205529weblink">weblink 10 August 2011, dead, File:Bono and Al Gore 2008.jpg|thumb|right|Bono with Al Gore at the 2008 World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos DavosBono has spoken at numerous events on behalf of his activist efforts. He spoke at the 54th Annual National Prayer Breakfast on 2 February 2006, encouraging the care of the socially and economically depressed and calling for an extra one percent tithe of the United States' national budget.Bono. (February 2006). Remarks at the National Prayer Breakfast. Speech presented at Hilton Washington Hotel at Washington, DC. He has made multiple appearances at the World Economic Forum annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland.McGee (2008), p. 244NEWS,weblink Hollywood Goes to Davos; Celebrities Attend World Economic Forum and, in Some Cases, Steal the Show, The Wall Street Journal, Alan, Friedman, 31 January 2005, B2, 16 March 2021, subscription, NEWS,weblink Anxiety Crashes the Party at Davos, The New York Times, Mark, Landler, 23 January 2008, C1, 16 March 2021, NEWS,weblink Bono: western world turning its back on HIV fight, The Guardian, Larry, Elliott, 25 January 2019, 16, 16 March 2021, File:Bono at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Bono at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival Tribeca Film FestivalBono was a special guest editor of the July 2007 issue of Vanity Fair magazine, named "The Africa Issue: Politics & Power". It featured an assortment of 20 different covers, with photographs by Annie Leibovitz of a number of celebrities, political leaders, and philanthropists, each showcasing their contributions to the humanitarian relief in Africa."The Africa Issue: Politics & Power" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005012812weblink |date=5 October 2007 }}, Vanity Fair July 2007. The concept behind the 20 covers was termed as to represent a "visual chain letter". The covers feature Don Cheadle, Barack Obama, Muhammad Ali, Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, Condoleezza Rice, George W. Bush, Desmond Tutu, Brad Pitt, Djimon Hounsou, Madonna, Maya Angelou, Chris Rock, Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Melinda Gates, Oprah Winfrey, George Clooney, Jay-Z, Alicia Keys, and Iman Abdulmajid.In 2021, Bono lent his voice to One's animated series Pandemica, which was created to raise awareness of the importance of vaccines in ending the COVID-19 pandemic and the inequalities in worldwide vaccine availability.WEB,weblink Bono, Penelope Cruz, David Oyelowo and Kumail Nanjiani Lend Voices to Pro-Vaccine Animated Series 'Pandemica', The Hollywood Reporter, Chris, Gardner, 25 March 2021, 26 March 2021, In 2022, Bono supported Ukraine's resistance to being invaded by Russia. A poem written by Bono about Saint Patrick and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine was recited by Nancy Pelosi at a White House event for Saint Patrick's Day, on 17 March 2022. The poem was widely derided by the public.NEWS,weblink Pelosi ridiculed for reading a Bono poem about Ukraine at lawmakers' lunch, Kilander, Gustaf, The Independent, 17 March 2022, 17 March 2022, NEWS,weblink 'Don't read it': Ireland reacts to Bono's St Patrick's Day Ukraine poem, Capplis, Conor, The Irish Times, 18 March 2022, 18 March 2022, NEWS,weblink WORD FAIL Bono's poem about Russia Ukraine conflict is torn apart on Twitter - Is this literally the worst poem ever written?, Fetherstonhaugh, Neil, Sunday World, 18 March 2022, 18 March 2022, NEWS,weblink Irish Twitter calls for sanctions against Bono for his St. Patrick's Day poem, Irish Central, 18 March 2022, 20 March 2022, In early April, Bono and the Edge recorded an acoustic rendition of "Walk On" for Global Citizen's Stand Up for Ukraine livestream, which was organised to urge world leaders to raise funds for Ukrainian refugees.MAGAZINE,weblink See U2, Springsteen, Kacey Musgraves 'Stand Up for Ukraine' on Livestream, Rolling Stone, Daniel, Kreps, 9 April 2022, 8 May 2022, On 8 May 2022, as a show of solidarity for Ukrainians and at the invitation of Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Bono and the Edge performed in a Kyiv metro station that was being used as a makeshift bomb shelter.WEB,weblink Watch U2's Bono and the Edge Perform in Kyiv Bomb Shelter, Pitchfork (website), Pitchfork, Madison, Bloom, 8 May 2022, 8 May 2022,

Efficacy and analysis

File:Bono with Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Bono meeting with then-US President Barack Obama Barack ObamaBono has become one of the world's best-known philanthropic performers and was named the most politically effective celebrity of all time by the National Journal.MAGAZINE,weblink The NJ 20, National Journal, Ronald, Brownstein, Ron Brownstein, 28 April 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110502212123weblink">weblink 2 May 2011, subscription, Michael Anft, Brennen Jensen, and Ian Wilhelm, "Voicing Support for Charity", The Chronicle of Philanthropy 3 August 2006.Dean Goodman, "Hollywood Hails U2's Bono for Philanthropy", Reuters New Media 15 February 2002 WEB,weblink AEGiS-Reuters: Hollywood Hails U2's Bono for Philanthropy, 5 October 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071222084411weblink">weblink 22 December 2007, He has been dubbed "the face of fusion philanthropy",NEWS,weblink Paul Hewson, Trying to Throw His Arms Around the World, The New York Times, Tom Jr., Zeller, 13 November 2006, F16, both for his success enlisting powerful allies from a diverse spectrum of leaders in government, religious institutions, philanthropic organisations, popular media, and the business world, as well as for spearheading new organizational networks that bind global humanitarian relief with geopolitical activism and corporate commercial enterprise.MAGAZINE,weblink The Good Samaritans, Time, Nancy, Gibbs, 26 December 2005 â€“ 2 January 2006, 166, 26, 24â€“31, 9 March 2021, On 15 December 2005, Paul Theroux published an op-ed in The New York Times called "The Rock Star's Burden" (cf. Kipling's "The White Man's Burden") that criticised stars such as Bono, Brad Pitt, and Angelina Jolie, labelling them as "mythomaniacs, people who wish to convince the world of their worth." Theroux, who lived in Africa as a Peace Corps volunteer, added that "the impression that Africa is fatally troubled and can be saved only by outside helpâ€”not to mention celebrities and charity concertsâ€”is a destructive and misleading conceit."NEWS,weblink The Rock Star's Burden, The New York Times, Paul, Theroux, 15 December 2005, A35, 26 March 2021, In February 2006, Bono responded to his critics by calling them "cranks carping from the sidelines. A lot of them wouldn't know what to do if they were on the field. They're the party who will always be in opposition so they'll never have to take responsibility for decisions because they know they'll never be able to implement them."NEWS,weblink Michka Assayas meets Bono, The Times, 19 February 2006, Michka, Assayas, Michka Assayas, 26 March 2021, In an article in Bloomberg Markets in March 2007, journalists Richard Tomlinson and Fergal O'Brien noted that Bono used his band's 2006 Vertigo world tour to promote his ONE Campaign while at the same time "U2 was racking up $389 million in gross ticket receipts, making Vertigo the second-most lucrative tour of all time, according to Billboard magazine ... Revenue from the Vertigo tour is funnelled through companies that are mostly registered in Ireland and structured to minimise taxes."NEWS,weblink Bloomberg Markets, "Bono Inc", March 2007, Bloomberg.com, 22 September 2014, Further criticism came in November 2007, when Bono's various charity campaigns were targeted by Jobs Selasie, head of African Aid Action. Selasie claimed that these charities had increased corruption and dependency in Africa because they failed to work with African entrepreneurs and grassroots organisations, and as a result, Africa has become more dependent on international handouts.

Other creative endeavours

Art

Bono sketches and paints as a hobby. He developed his art style by drawing and painting on photographs, which he learned from his father who used to add colour to black-and-white instant film photographs of his wife. Describing Bono's interest in visual artwork, The Atlantic{{'}}s editor-in-chief Jeffrey Goldberg said, "He just walks around with an iPad and sketches everything."NEWS,weblink Bono likes to sketch Atlantic covers, so the magazine hired him, The Washington Post, Elahe, Izadi, 1 May 2023, 7 May 2023,weblink 2 May 2023, Bono and his daughters Jordan and Eve provided original paintings for a 2003 book adaptation of Peter and the Wolf, which accompanied a musical release by Bono's friend Gavin Friday and Maurice Seezer. A CD-book package was released in November 2003. Bono's paintings, which were inspired by the 2001 death of his father, were auctioned at Christie's in New York. Proceeds from the sales of the paintings and CD-book package benefitted the Irish Hospice Foundation.NEWS, Irish pals sink their teeth into 'Peter and the Wolf', USA Today, Mark, Memmott, 31 October 2003, E04, NEWS,weblink I wanted Dad to say he loved me, The Daily Telegraph, Neil, McCormick, Neil McCormick, 20 November 2003, sec. Features, The Arts, p. 25, 12 April 2023, Bono's drawings of his musical influences were featured in a December 2022 issue of The Atlantic in an article profiling him. The following year, Goldberg commissioned him to illustrate the cover of The Atlantic{{'}}s June 2023 issue for a story about Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Bono's artwork, a line-drawing sketched portrait of Zelenskyy in the colours of the Ukrainian flag, was inspired by protest art and political posters. U2 also sold merchandise featuring the portrait, including T-shirts, posters, and hoodies, with all proceeds benefiting United24 to purchase ambulances for Ukraine.WEB,weblink U2 merchandise has Bono's art of Zelensky, raises funds for Ukraine ambulances, United Press International, Adam, Schrader, 29 June 2023, 19 August 2023,

Film

Bono was an executive producer of Bill Carter's 1995 documentary film Miss Sarajevo. Carter had previously enlisted U2's help in bringing attention to the Siege of Sarajevo during their 1993 concerts on the Zoo TV Tour.WEB,weblink U.S. writer's view of Sarajevo war to become film, Reuters, Daria, Sito-Sucic, 27 August 2008, 19 August 2023, Bono was also executive producer of the 2000 film The Million Dollar Hotel, which was developed from a story by himself and Nicholas Klein. It starred Jeremy Davies, Milla Jovovich, and Mel Gibson.NEWS,weblink Film Review: A Mel Gibson Action Adventure, Taken at a Stroll, The New York Times, Elvis, Mitchell, 2 February 2001, E10, National, 10 March 2021, In the 2007 musical film Across the Universe, Bono made a cameo appearance during a psychedelic sequence, portraying the character "Dr. Robert" and singing the Beatles' "I Am the Walrus".NEWS,weblink Lovers in the '60s Take A Magical Mystery Tour, The New York Times, Stephen, Holden, 14 September 2007, E12, East coast, late, 26 March 2021, Bono served as an executive producer of the 2018 film Waiting for the Miracle to Come.WEB, 19 August 2023, 18 February 2015, Etan, Vlessing, Willie Nelson, Charlotte Rampling Board 'Waiting For the Miracle to Come',weblink The Hollywood Reporter, Bono participated in the 2019 documentary Pavarotti, in which he expressed his admiration for the titular Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti.WEB,weblink 'Pavarotti' Review: A Charmed Life on the High C's, Ken Jaworowski, 6 June 2019, The New York Times, Bono voiced a character in the 2021 animated musical film Sing 2, the lion rock legend Clay Calloway.WEB,weblink Bono, Letitia Wright and Pharrell Williams Join 'Sing 2' Cast, Variety (magazine), Variety, Rebecca, Rubin, 21 December 2020, 26 March 2021, In April 2023, Max and Cartoon Network greenlit a short animated film adaption of Peter & the Wolf with artwork based on Bono's original illustrations for his 2003 book. The project features narration and music by Friday.WEB,weblink 'Peter And The Wolf' Animated Short Film With Bono & Gavin Friday Greenlighted By Max & Cartoon Network, Deadline Hollywood, Nellie, Andreeva, 12 April 2023, 12 April 2023,

Writings

Bono's memoir, Surrender: 40 Songs, One Story, was released on 1 November 2022, and was promoted with a book tour called "Stories of Surrender".WEB,weblink U2's Bono to Launch Book Tour in Support of Memoir, 'Surrender', Variety (magazine), Variety, Jem, Aswad, 3 October 2022, 28 October 2022, The book debuted at number two on The New York Times nonfiction best-seller list for the week ending 5 November 2022.WEB,weblink Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction, The New York Times, 20 November 2022, 20 November 2022, For his work narrating the audiobook version of Surrender,WEB, SURRENDER by Bono / Read by Bono {{!, Audiobook Review |url=http://www.audiofilemagazine.com/reviews/read/221455/surrender-by--bono-read-by--bono/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=AudioFile Magazine |language=en}} Bono won the Audiobook of the Year honour at the 2024 Audie Awards.MAGAZINE,weblink Bono's 'Surrender' Wins Audiobook of the Year at 2024 Audie Awards, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, Paul, Grein, 4 March 2024, 5 March 2024,

Business ventures

(File:Bono U2 360 Tour 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Bono performing with U2 in 2011)In 1992, Bono, along with the Edge, bought and refurbished Dublin's two-star 70-bedroom Clarence Hotel, and converted it into a five-star 49-bedroom hotel.The Clarence Hotel. (Unknown last update). At the Clarence {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705234423weblink |date=5 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007. In 2019, they sold the hotel leasehold,WEB,weblink The Clarence hotel review - a beautiful day for revamped U2 hotel, Irish Independent, Nicola, Brady, 25 February 2023, 25 February 2023, and four years later, they sold the property.WEB,weblink Bono and Edge sell their stake in Dublin's Clarence Hotel after 30 years, Business Post, Daniel, McConnell, 19 October 2023, 31 March 2023, Bono and McKillen are also co-owners of ClÃ³s Nua Ltd., a company that owns the Tramyard site in Dalkey and plans to redevelop it.NEWS, 2022-09-23, Company part-owned by Bono objects to Dalkey apartment scheme,weblink 2023-09-07, BreakingNews.ie, en, In 2005, Bono, Ali Hewson, and designer Rogan Gregory co-founded the EDUN fashion label ("nude" spelled backwards, to suggest both "natural" and the Garden of Eden).NEWS,weblink weblink" title="archive.today/20130217210036weblink">weblink dead, 17 February 2013, Ali's other Eden, John, Masterson, Irish Independent, Dublin, 6 March 2005, It was intended to help bring about positive change in Africa through a fair trade-based relationship rather than by direct aid.NEWS,weblink Fashion with a Conscience, Heyoka (magazine), Heyoka, Spring 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060617072741weblink">weblink 17 June 2006, WEB, About Edun, 24 March 2007,weblink EDUN, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070329013300weblink">weblink 29 March 2007, Bono was a board member of the Elevation Partners private-equity firm, which attempted to purchase Eidos Interactive in 2005 and subsequently invested in other entertainment businesses.Elevation Partners. (2007). Introduction to Elevation Partners {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703030346weblink |date=3 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.Fahey, R. (22 April 2005). Elevation Partners withdraws its offer for Eidos. gi. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Bono was an investor in the Forbes Media group in the U.S. through Elevation Partners; his firm took a minority stake in Forbes Media, which encompassed the 89-year-old business that includes Forbes magazine, the Forbes.com website, and other assets. The terms of the deal were not disclosed, but reports said the stake was worth about â‚¬194 million ($250 million).NEWS,weblink Bono consortium buys a stake in Forbes â€“ RTÃ‰ Ten, 22 September 2014, Rte.ie, 22 September 2014, 25 August 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090825203620weblink">weblink dead, NEWS, Carr, David, 7 August 2006,weblink Investors, Including Bono, Buy a Piece of Forbes, The New York Times, 13 February 2011, Nussbaum, Bruce. (7 August 2006) weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060809233845weblink">Bono Buys Into Forbes, Launches Product Red in US and Expands His Brand. BusinessWeek. Retrieved 13 February 2011. Elevation Partners also owned a 1.5 percent stake in social networking site Facebook, originally purchased for $210 million. Although it was reported that Bono's stake was valued at approximately US$1 billion in February 2012,NEWS,weblink Bono become world's richest pop star with 'Â£1 billion' fortune, Deegan, Gordon, 30 August 2015, mirror, 11 March 2017, NEWS, $1 billion Facebook fortune for Bono,weblink 12 February 2012, New Zealand Herald, 4 February 2012, a 2015 article in Forbes stated that this estimate was based on an incorrect attribution of shares.NEWS,weblink Why U2's Bono Isn't A Billionaire, Robehmed, Natalie, Forbes, 11 March 2017, In 2016, Bono invested in and joined the board of directors of the "Rise Fund", a new $2 billion impact investment fund founded by TPG.NEWS,weblink Seeking Financial and Social Returns, The New York Times, Andrew Ross, Sorkin, Andrew Ross Sorkin, 20 December 2016, B1, B4, 16 September 2020, Rise's investments fell across seven sectors, including agriculture, education, and healthcare, and were made into companies making "a measurable positive social and/or environmental impact".NEWS, Future Returns: How TPG's Rise Fund Invests in Energy, Schultz, Abby,weblink Barron's (newspaper), Barron's, 1 October 2019, 16 September 2020, In 2019, Bono and TPG announced the creation of Y Analytics, a company intended to measure the social and environmental impacts of investments.WEB,weblink U2's Bono and TPG Launch Company to Measure 'Impact Investments', The Wall Street Journal, Simon, Clark, 23 January 2019, 26 March 2021, Bono was among those named in the 2017 Paradise Papers after he was identified as an investor in Nude Estates, which bought a shopping mall in Lithuania in 2007 and transferred ownership to Nude Estates 1 in Guernsey, in an apparent attempt to avoid tax. Bono welcomed the subsequent investigation by the Lithuanian tax authority, saying that transparency was necessary and he had personally campaigned for it.WEB, Paradise Papers: Bono says he welcomes investigation into offshore investment,weblink The Independent, 8 November 2017, Roisin, O'Connor, 10 May 2018, Nude Estates paid â‚¬53,000 in taxes and fines after the investigation was completed and Bono severed ties with the company.WEB, Lithuanian company linked to Bono fined after Paradise Papers revelations,weblink The Guardian, 5 January 2018, Hilary, Osborne, 10 May 2018, In September 2019, Bono joined the board of directors of Zipline.WEB, Bono joins the board of medical drone delivery company Zipline,weblink 13 September 2019,weblink 13 September 2019, dead,

Awards and recognition

{{see also|List of awards and nominations received by U2}}Bono has won numerous awards with U2, including 22 Grammy AwardsWEB,weblink U2 Artist, Grammy Awards, Grammy.com, 23 November 2020, 11 March 2021, WEB, Quirky history of Grammy-winning songs,weblink 2023-11-25, www.bbc.com, and two Golden Globe Awards for Best Original Song (for "The Hands That Built America" in 2003 and "Ordinary Love" in 2014).WEB,weblink Award Search â€“ Bono, Hollywood Foreign Press Association, 19 November 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926225607weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, WEB,weblink U2's Mandela Tribute 'Ordinary Love' Wins Best Song Golden Globe, Spin (magazine), Spin, Kyle, McGovern, 13 January 2014, 21 July 2017, 21 June 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170621224557weblink">weblink live, In 2005, Bono was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of U2, in the group's first year of eligibility.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061123120147weblink|date=23 November 2006}} Bono has been recognised by music critics on several rankings of greatest singers and frontmen. Among singers, Q ranked him the 26th-greatest,MAGAZINE, 100 Greatest Singers, Q (magazine), Q, April 2007, 249, Consequence of Sound ranked him the 32nd-greatest,WEB,weblink The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, Consequence of Sound, COS Staff, 11 October 2016, 1 September 2020, and Mojo ranked him 57th-greatest.MAGAZINE, 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, Mojo (magazine), Mojo, October 1998, 59, Rolling Stone ranked him the 32nd-greatest singer in 2008, and the 140th-greatest in 2023.MAGAZINE,weblink The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time, Rolling Stone, 1 January 2023, 2 April 2023, Among frontmen, Billboard ranked him the 9th-greatest lead singer in rock history,MAGAZINE,weblink The 50 Greatest Rock Lead Singers of All Time, Billboard (magazine), Billboard, Katie, Atkinson, Katie, Bain, Eric Renner, Brown, et al., 16 August 2023, 19 August 2023, Gigwise ranked him the 45th-greatest frontman,WEB,weblink The 100 greatest frontmen of all time, Gigwise, Andrew, Trendell, Andy, Morris, 7 May 2015, 2 April 2023, {{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and Steven Hyden of Uproxx ranked him the 16th-greatest lead singer.WEB,weblink The Best Lead Singers, Ranked, Uproxx, Steven, Hyden, Steven Hyden, 28 April 2022, 2 April 2023, In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked Bono and the Edge at number 35 on its list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time.MAGAZINE,weblink The 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, Rolling Stone, 13 August 2015, 7 June 2017, In 2003, Bono received the Legion of Honour from the French government,WEB,weblink Bono Awarded France's Highest Cultural Honor, The Hollywood Reporter, Rhonda, Richford, 17 July 2013, 11 March 2021, and the MusiCares Person of the Year award.MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Named MusiCares 'Person Of The Year', Billboard (magazine), Billboard, 7 October 2002, 2 November 2022, The following year he was awarded the Pablo Neruda International Presidential Medal of Honour from the Government of Chile.Langlois, F. (23 September 2004). weblink" title="wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071205034201weblink">John Ralston Saul awarded the Pablo Neruda International Presidential Medal of Honour. Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 14 January 2007 Time included Bono on its annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in 2004MAGAZINE, 2004 Time 100, Time, 26 April 2004,weblink 15 June 2007, 19 April 2004,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20040419183655weblink">weblink dead, and 2006.MAGAZINE, 2006 Time 100, Time, 2006,weblink 84, 15 June 2007, 2 May 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060502231929weblink">weblink dead, In 2005, the magazine named him, Bill and Melinda Gates the Persons of the Year. Also in 2005, he received the Portuguese Order of Liberty for his humanitarian work.WEB,weblink weblink dead, 18 August 2007, VisÃ£o Online â€“ Cultura â€“ U2 em Lisboa, That year Bono was also among the first three recipients of the TED Prize, which grants each winner a "wish to change the world".WEB,weblink TED Prize, TED, 22 September 2014, Bono made three wishes,WEB,weblink TED Conference page, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080517021513weblink">weblink 17 May 2008, 5 September 2013, the first two related to the One Campaign and the third that every hospital, health clinic, and school in Ethiopia could be connected to the Internet. TED rejected the third wish as being a sub-optimal way for TED to help Africa and instead organised a TED conference in Arusha, Tanzania. Bono attended the conference, which was held in June 2007.In 2004, Bono was given an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Pennsylvania.WEB,weblink Penn News | Recording Artist/Activist Bono to Deliver Commencement Address at University of Pennsylvania, Upenn.edu, 15 March 2004, 5 September 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130908132710weblink">weblink 8 September 2013, dead, In 2007, Bono received several honours. At the 38th NAACP Image Awards, he won the Chairman's Award.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229112914weblink|date=29 February 2012}} He was named in the UK's New Year Honours List as an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire."Honorary knighthood for U2's Bono". BBC News. (23 December 2006). Retrieved 14 January 2007[Unknown Author] (23 December 2006). Bono gets honorary knighthood. RTÃ‰ News. Retrieved 14 January 2007, from RTE. He was formally granted honorary knighthood on 29 March in a ceremony at the residence of British Ambassador David Reddaway in Dublin, Ireland.[Unknown Author], (29 March 2007). Don't call him 'sir': U2's Bono knighted {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728010054weblink |date=28 July 2019 }}. Associated Press. Retrieved 29 March 2007. On 27 September, Bono and DATA received the Philadelphia Liberty Medal for their humanitarian efforts. While accepting the honour, Bono said, "When you are trapped by poverty, you are not free. When trade laws prevent you from selling the food you grew, you are not free." Bono donated the $100,000 prize to DATA; Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala accepted the prize on the organisation's behalf.WEB,weblink Bono Gets Medal for His Work in Africa, The Oklahoman, 28 September 2007, 10 March 2021, On 11 December 2008, Bono received the annual Man of Peace prize, which is awarded by several Nobel Peace Prize laureates in Paris, France.WEB,weblink Nobel laureates crown U2's Bono 'man of peace', The Sydney Morning Herald, 13 December 2008, 10 March 2021, Time ranked Bono 8th on its list of the "Most Influential Celebrities" in 2013; he was the only person from the music industry in the Top 10.NEWS,weblink Down, But Hardly Out: Oprah Winfrey Tops Forbes 2013 List Of The Most Influential Celebrities, Forbes, 14 March 2013, 5 September 2013, Dorothy, Pomerantz, In July 2013, he was honoured by the French government as a , the country's highest cultural honour.In 2016, Glamour named him "Man of the Year", breaking the 26-year tradition that saw the "Woman of the Year" accolade reserved only for women. Bono was recognized for establishing a campaign called "Poverty is Sexist," which is "specifically aimed at helping the world's poorest women".NEWS, Amanpour, Christiane, Bono Just Became Glamour's First Man of the Year,weblink 3 November 2016, Glamour, 1 November 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161102160643weblink">weblink 2 November 2016, dead, In 2018, he was the first recipient of the George W. Bush Medal for Distinguished Leadership, which was awarded by Bush's Presidential Center; the honour was in recognition of Bono's humanitarian work against poverty and HIV/AIDS.WEB,weblink Bono gets new George W. Bush Medal for leadership, Associated Press, 18 April 2018, 10 March 2021, On 1 April 2022, Bono received the 2021 J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the Fulbright Association in recognition of his activist efforts.PRESS RELEASE,weblink Fulbright Prize Honors Bono, Lead Singer of U2, Activist, and Co-founder of ONE and (RED), PR Newswire, Fulbright Program, Fulbright Association, 1 April 2022, 8 May 2022,

Personal life

Family life

File:Bono and Ali Hewson at the 2022 Kennedy Center Honors Dinner (52542360179).jpg|thumb|left|Bono and his wife Ali Hewson at the 2022 Kennedy Center Honors Kennedy Center HonorsAt the age of thirteen, Bono met Alison "Ali" Stewart, who was one year below him at Mount Temple Comprehensive School.NEWS,weblink Ali Hewson: It's a wonderful life being Mrs Bono, Chrissie, Russell, Irish Independent, Dublin, 27 August 2011, Kootnikoff, David (2012), Bono: A Biography, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 7â€“9. After the September 1974 death of his mother left him emotionally adrift and in conflict with his father and brother, Stewart began taking care of him.NEWS, Cunningham, Francine, October 1993, Ali Hewson: In the Name of Love, More (magazine), More, In 1976, Bono and Stewart began dating.Kootnikoff, David (2012), Bono: A Biography, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 17â€“18. The pair split up briefly but reunited.Stokes, Niall (third edition, 2005). Into the Heart: The Stories Behind Every U2 Song. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press p. 12. Their relationship became more serious as she accompanied him in his efforts to break through in the music industry, and by 1979 they were discussing marriage, conditional upon his career becoming established.Kootnikoff, David (2012), Bono: A Biography, Santa Barbara, California, p. 28.}}Stewart and Bono married on 31 August 1982NEWS, Miller, Frank, Bono's Wedding, The Irish Press, 1 September 1982, TWEET, 1564946048300290049, 31 August 2022, 40 years ago today, Bono married his soulmate, Ali., U2, in a Church of Ireland ceremonyDunphy, Eamon (1987), Unforgettable Fire: The Story of U2 New York: Warner Books, p. 201. at All Saints Church in her home area, Raheny. The ceremony combined rituals of both conventional Protestantism and the Shalom Friendship Christian group that Bono and other U2 members had belonged to.Jobling, John (2014), U2: The Definitive Biography, New York: Thomas Dunne Books, pp. 95â€“96. U2 was in debt to their record label Island Records so the couple could not afford a honeymoon, but the label's founder Chris Blackwell gave them use of the Goldeneye estate he owned in Jamaica.Stokes, Into the Heart, p. 46. After returning to Ireland, the couple moved to a small mews house in Howth, which they shared with the rest of U2.U2; McCormick, Neil (ed) (2006). U2 by U2. London: HarperCollins, p. 130.The couple have four children: daughters Jordan (born 10 May 1989) and Eve (born 7 July 1991) and sons Elijah Bob Patricius Guggi Q (born 17 August 1999) and John Abraham (born 20 May 2001).{{IMDb name|id=0095104|section=bio|name=Bono}}. Retrieved 19 November 2010. Elijah is the lead vocalist and guitarist in the rock band Inhaler,WEB,weblink Everything you need to know about Inhaler, featuring Bono's son Elijah Hewson, 6 January 2020, Radio X (United Kingdom), Radio X, 10 January 2020, while Eve is an established actress.WEB, Dawn, Randee, 2023-06-12, Eve Hewson connects with her ambitious 'Bad Sisters' character,weblink 2023-09-07, Los Angeles Times, en-US,

Residences

(File:Bono and Ali Hewson house (Temple Hill) gates, Killiney (wide view).jpg|thumb|left|Bono and Ali Hewson's principal property, Temple Hill, on Vico Road, Killiney, County Dublin)After leaving the Howth peninsula, Bono and Ali bought a Martello tower in Bray in northern County Wicklow, south of Dublin.NEWS, Bono, 1 November 2022, 'We Were Equal Partners In An Adventure We Hadn't Figured Out': Bono Reflects On The Intricacies Of His 40-Year Marriage, Vogue (UK),weblink Since the 1980s, they have maintained a primary home on Vico Road, in the affluent Dublin suburb of Killiney. The house, Temple Hill, is located on the slopes of Killiney Hill and has views of Killiney Bay. Bono's childhood friend Gavin Friday lives next door.NEWS, Bono's house extension appealed by An Taisce,weblink 2023-09-06, The Irish Times, en, NEWS, 2008-11-14, Bono's extension scuppered by Enya's mansion, en-GB, BelfastTelegraph.co.uk,weblink 2023-09-06, 0307-1235, WEB, Petersen, Anne Helen, 2015-11-22, Inside Enya's Irish Kingdom,weblink 2023-09-06, BuzzFeed, en, Some years after the original purchase, the Hewsons bought one neighbouring house, Curlews,NEWS, O'Donoghue, Cliodhna, 23 March 2005, Band's multi-million search for a little privacy, The Irish Independent,weblink and shortly after, a second, the castellated Lios Beag.NEWS, 9 July 2006, Bono to take step down, The Irish Independent,weblink Bono and Ali also own residences in the south of France and New York. In the late 1980s or early 1990s,{{when|date=June 2022}} Bono bought a top-floor duplex apartment in Manhattan's San Remo apartment building from Steve Jobs for $15 million. Jobs had renovated it for his own use, but never moved in.BOOK, Isaacson, Walter, Steve Jobs, 2011, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, 978-1-4516-4853-9, 180,weblink In 1993, Bono and the Edge co-purchased a seafront house in Ãˆze-sur-Mer in the south of France.NEWS, 2008-08-09, Eze does it for Bono and pals,weblink 2023-09-07, The Irish Independent, en, feels like you're moving, going somewhere. Bono's got the soul of an ancient poet and you have to be careful around him. He can roar 'till the earth shakes. He's also a closet philosopher...talks about the rightness, the richness, glory, beauty, wonder and magnificence of America."|source=â€”Bob Dylan, 2005Dylan, Bob. Bob Dylan Chronicles, vol. I, Simon & Schuster, N.Y. (2004) p. 174}}

Faith

In 2013, when discussing his faith in Jesus Christ,WEB,weblink U2's Bono Discusses His Faith and Insecurity Over New Album, Christian News, The Gospel Herald, 22 September 2014, 29 March 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141030222219weblink">weblink 30 October 2014, dead, Bono said that Christ was either who he claimed he was or he was "a complete and utter nutcase".{{YouTube|VIm7JRSo6w4}}, Retrieved 18 April 2014. As early as 2005, Bono was invoking this argument,Michka Assayas, Bono in Conversation, (Riverhead Hardcover, 2005) page 205.WEB,weblink Bono: Grace over Karma, Crosswalk, 22 September 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141223083358weblink">weblink 23 December 2014, dead, identified as the "Lewis trilemma".

Health and safety

Bono is almost never seen in public without sunglasses, as he has had glaucoma since the 1990s; this also makes him sensitive to flash photography.NEWS, Ellis-Petersen, Hannah, 17 October 2014, Bono: I've had glaucoma for past 20 years, The Guardian,weblink 17 October 2014, During a Rolling Stone interview, he stated:{{blockquote|[I have] very sensitive eyes to light. If somebody takes my photograph, I will see the flash for the rest of the day. My right eye swells up. I've a blockage there, so that my eyes go red a lot. So it's part vanity, it's part privacy, and part sensitivity.MAGAZINE, Bono â€“ The Rolling Stone Interview, Jann, Wenner, Jann Wenner, Rolling Stone, 3 November 2005, 986, }}In January 1996, Bono was aboard a Grumman HU-16 airplane flown by musician Jimmy Buffett named Hemisphere Dancer that was shot at by Jamaican police, who believed the craft to be smuggling marijuana. The aircraft, which sustained minimal damage, was also carrying Ali Hewson, her and Bono's two daughters, Chris Blackwell, and co-pilot Bill Dindy. The Jamaican government acknowledged the mistake and apologized.WEB,weblink 'Jamaica Mistaica': Jimmy Buffett Song Inspired After Plane Sprayed by Gunfire, Orlando, Mayorquin, The New York Times, 2 September 2023, limited, 23 September 2023, 0362-4331, In May 2010, while rehearsing for a North American leg of the U2 360Â° Tour, Bono suffered a herniated disk and severe compression of the sciatic nerve,WEB,weblink U2's North American tour, including Chicago date, postponed while Bono recovers from surgery, Chicago Tribune, 25 May 2010, 5 May 2018, 20 May 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180520192604weblink">weblink dead, and he was taken to a clinic in Munich for emergency neurosurgery.NEWS,weblink Bono's back surgery puts U2 dates in jeopardy, The BBC, 21 May 2010, 21 May 2010, WEB,weblink Bono Discharged From Hospital, U2.com, 25 May 2010, The North American tour was postponed and rescheduled for 2011.WEB,weblink North American Leg Postponed, U2.com, 25 May 2010, WEB,weblink North American Dates Will Be Rescheduled in 2011, U2.com, 25 May 2010, On 16 November 2014, Bono was involved in a "high energy bicycle accident" when he attempted to avoid another rider in New York's Central Park. Bono was rushed to NewYorkâ€“Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center's Emergency Department and underwent "multiple X-rays and CAT scans" followed by five hours of surgery. Bono sustained fractures of the shoulder blade, humerus, orbit and pinky finger. Orthopedic trauma surgeon Dean Lorich, MD, stated that "[Bono] was taken urgently to the operating room... where the elbow was washed out and debrided, a nerve trapped in the break was moved and the bone was repaired with three metal plates and 18 screws."MAGAZINE,weblink Bono Treated With Metal Plates, 'Intensive Therapy' After Bike Injury, Rolling Stone, Jason, Newman, 19 November 2014, 29 January 2015, 28 January 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150128183014weblink">weblink dead, NEWS,weblink evoke.ie, Injured Bono keeps his head down as he's seen for the first time since emergency surgery after bike crash, 24 December 2014, 6 May 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150518091753weblink">weblink 18 May 2015, dead, dmy-all, Bono posted to U2's official website, "As I write this, it is not clear that I will ever play guitar again," as reported in Cycling Weekly.MAGAZINE, Clarke, Stuart,weblink Cycling Injuries mean Bono May Never Play Guitar Again, Cycling Weekly, 1 January 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150102184317weblink">weblink 2 January 2015, dead, In 2016, during the recording sessions for U2's album Songs of Experience, Bono had what the Edge called a "brush with mortality"; as a result of the episode, he decided to rework the album's lyrics.MAGAZINE,weblink The Edge on U2's 'Songs of Experience,' Bono's 'Brush With Mortality', Rolling Stone, Andy, Greene, 18 September 2017, 2 July 2018, The Irish Times reported that sometime in late 2016 between Christmas and New Year's Day, Bono had a near-death experience.NEWS,weblink U2's new album Songs of Experience: the most tortuous journey, The Irish Times, Brian, Boyd, 1 December 2017, 2 December 2017, At the time, he did not specify what had happened,MAGAZINE,weblink Bono: The Rolling Stone Interview, Rolling Stone, Jann S., Wenner, Jann Wenner, 11â€“25 January 2018, 13 July 2018, 1304/1305, 32â€“41, but in his 2022 memoir Surrender: 40 Songs, One Story, he revealed that he had undergone open-heart surgery due to a "blister" that formed over time in his aorta as a result of having a bicuspid aortic valve.WEB,weblink Bono had heart surgery in 2016 to repair 'blister' on his aorta, NME, Tom, Skinner, 3 November 2022, 16 February 2023, The eight-hour operation was performed by David H. Adams at Mount Sinai Hospital, and Bono made a full recovery.BOOK, Bono, 2022, Surrender: 40 Songs, One Story, Lights of Home, Knopf, 978-0593663691,

Discography

{{For|U2 albums and singles|U2 discography}}{| class="wikitable"!Year!Title!Album|1985|"Silver and Gold" (with Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood)Sun City (album)>Sun City|1992|"Can't Help Falling in Love"Honeymoon in Vegas#Soundtrack>Honeymoon in Vegas1995Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)>Hallelujah"|Tower of SongSave the Children (song)>Save the Children"|(Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye)|1997|"Dreaming with Tears in Your Eyes"The Songs of Jimmie Rodgers: A Tribute{{Citation >title=Various - The Songs Of Jimmie Rodgers (A Tribute) url=https://www.discogs.com/master/341208-Various-The-Songs-Of-Jimmie-Rodgers-A-Tribute access-date=2022-08-17}}|2000

"Never Let Me Go" (with the MDH Band)
"Falling at Your Feet" (with Daniel Lanois)
"Dancin' Shoes" (with the MDH Band)

{edih}The Million Dollar Hotel (soundtrack)>The Million Dollar Hotel|2021|"Eden (To Find Love)"Citizen PennBLISTEIN DATE=2021-05-20 URL=HTTPS://WWW.ROLLINGSTONE.COM/MUSIC/MUSIC-NEWS/BONO-LINDA-PERRY-NEW-SONG-EDEN-TO-LOVE-CITIZEN-PENN-1171721/ MAGAZINE=ROLLING STONE, en-US,

Filmography

{{For|U2 concert releases and music videos|U2 discography#Videography{{!}}U2 videography}}{| class="wikitable" style="background:#CCCCCC;"! rowspan="1"| Year! rowspan="1"| Film! rowspan="1"| Role! rowspan="1"| Notes| 1988| Rattle and Hum| Himself| Rockumentary| 1998| The Simpsons| Himself| TV series; one episode, "Trash of the Titans"1999| Classic Albums| Himself| TV series; one episode, "The Joshua Tree"Entropy (film)>Entropy| Himself| 2000| The Million Dollar Hotel| Man in the hotel lobby| Uncredited cameo appearance, original storywriter, producer| Sightings of Bono| Himself| Short film| 2005Entourage (U.S. TV series)>Entourage| Himself| TV series; one episode, "I Love You Too" 2007Rewind (video)>Rewind| Himself| RockumentaryAcross The Universe (film)>Across The Universe| Dr. Robert| Sang the Beatles songs "I Am the Walrus" and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"| American Idol| Himself| TV series; "Idol Gives Back"| 2008| U2 3D| Himself3D film>3D concert film 2009Entourage (U.S. TV series)>Entourage| HimselfGive a Little Bit (Entourage)>Give a Little Bit"| BrÃ¼no| Himself| Mockumentary comedy film 2011| From the Sky Down| Himself| Rockumentary| Anton Corbijn Inside Out| Himself| 2012| B.B. King â€“ The Life of Riley| Himself| Documentary| The Resurrection of Victor Jara| Himself| Documentary 2013|Arcade Fire in Here Comes The Night Time|Win Butler impersonator|NBC Special| Who the F**K Is Arthur Fogel| Himself| DocumentaryMuscle Shoals (film)>Muscle Shoals| Himself| Documentary 2017| Lost in London| Himself| Voice cameo| 2019Pavarotti (film)>Pavarotti| Himself| Documentary|2021|Sing 2|Clay Calloway|Voice role|2023|Bono & The Edge: A Sort of Homecoming with Dave Letterman|Himself|DocumentaryIn addition to his acting credits, Bono has contributed music to films, as part of U2 and other collaborations.

Honours

(File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|80px) (Chev. L.H.) (Knight): Chevalier dans l'Ordre de la LÃ©gion d'honneur (Knight in the Order of the Legion of Honour), France (28 February 2003)
(File:PRT Order of Liberty - Officer BAR.svg|80px) (OL): Oficial da Ordem da Liberdade (Officer of the Order of Liberty), Portugal (21 April 2005)WEB, CidadÃ£os Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas,weblink PÃ¡gina Oficial das Ordens HonorÃficas Portuguesas, 31 July 2017, NEWS,weblink U2 vÃ£o ser condecorados por Jorge Sampaio com a Ordem da Liberdade, PÃºblico, 21 April 2005,weblink 15 December 2018, dead,
(File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.png|80|80x80px) (KBE) Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, United Kingdom (20 January 2007)NEWS,weblink Bono receives honorary British knighthood, Ginsberg, Jodie, 20 January 2007, Reuters, 29 May 2018, en-US, NEWS,weblink Bow before his 'demigodness': Bono knighted, 29 March 2007, Today, 29 May 2018, en, 6 June 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180606202010weblink">weblink dead,
(File:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Commandeur ribbon.svg|80px) Commandeur dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Commander in the Order of Arts and Letters), France (16 July 2013)NEWS, Francophile Bono receives honour from a grateful nation,weblink Lara, Marlowe, 2022-06-27, The Irish Times, en,

References

Footnotes{{Reflist|30em}}Print sources

BOOK, Assayas, Michka, Bono, Bono in Conversation with Michka Assayas, 2005, Riverhead Books, New York City, 978-1-57322-309-6,weblink
BOOK, de la Parra, Pimm Jal, 2003, U2 Live: A Concert Documentary, Omnibus Press, London, Updated, 978-0-7119-9198-9,
BOOK, Jobling, John, U2: The Definitive Biography, Thomas Dunne Books, New York, 2014, 978-1-250-02789-4, registration,weblink
BOOK, Matthews, Sheelagh, Bono,weblink registration, Remarkable People, 2008, Weigl Publishers, New York City, 978-1-59036-638-7,
BOOK, McGee, Matt, U2: A Diary, Omnibus Press, London, 2008, 978-1-84772-108-2,
BOOK, Stockman, Steve, Walk On: The Spiritual Journey of U2, 2001, Relevant Books, Lake Mary, Florida, Lake Mary, 978-0-88419-793-5,weblink
BOOK, Niall, Stokes, Niall Stokes, U2: Into the Heart â€“ The Stories Behind Every Song, Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005, New York, 1-56025-765-2,
BOOK, U2, Neil, McCormick, Neil McCormick, U2 by U2,weblink registration, HarperCollins, London, 2006, 0-00-719668-7,
BOOK, Vagacs, Robert, 2005, Religious Nuts, Political Fanatics: U2 in Theological Perspective, Cascade Books, 978-1-59752-336-3, registration,weblink

Other notes{{notelist}}

External links

U2.com â€“ Official U2 website
ONE Campaign â€“ Advocacy and campaigning organization cofounded by Bono
weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050825082005weblink">EDUN â€“ Fashion label started by Bono and his wife Ali
{{AllMovie name|7314}}
{{TED speaker}}
{{C-SPAN|92919}}
{{Charlie Rose view|971}}
{{IMDb name|0095104}}
{{NYT topic|people/b/bono}}

{{U2}}{{NavboxesList of awards and nominations received by U2>Awards for Bono|list ={{Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song}}{{Grammy Award for Record of the Year 2000s}}{{Grammy Award for Song of the Year 2000s}}{{MusiCares Person of the Year}}{{NAACP Image Award â€“ Chairman's Award}}{{2005 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}{{Time Persons of the Year 2001â€“2025}}{{WSA for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film}}}}{{Authority control}}{{Use British English|date=August 2010}}

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