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{{Short description|Spanish politician and banker}}{{BLP sources|date=October 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}{{family name hatnote|Rato|Figaredo|lang=Spanish}}

factoids

Congress of Deputies (Spain)>Congress of Deputies|term_start5 = 21 November 1989|term_end5 = 12 May 2004Madrid (Spanish Congress Electoral District)>Madrid|term_start6 = 28 October 1982|term_end6 = 21 November 1989Cádiz (Spanish Congress Electoral District)>Cádiz|birth_name = Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredodf=y3|18}}Madrid, Francoist Spain>Spain|death_date = |death_place = People's Party (Spain)>People's Party|spouse = Alicia Gonzalez |children = 3Ramón Rato {{small>(Father)}}Complutense University of Madrid>Complutense UniversityUniversity of California, Berkeley}}Rodrigo de Rato y Figaredo (born 18 March 1949) is a banker, politician and convicted felon who served in the Council of Ministers of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He also served as the ninth managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2004 to 2007 and the president of Bankia from 2010 to 2012.Rato was arrested on 16 April 2015 for alleged fraud, embezzlement and money laundering.«Rato, detenido en el registro de su vivienda en Madrid por supuestos delitos de fraude y blanqueo.» RTVE. Retrieved 16 April 2015.WEB, Spanish police search home and off ex-IMF chief Rodrigo Rato,weblink 16 April 2015, BBC News, 16 April 2015, His case was still awaiting trial a year later when his name appeared in the Panama Papers.WEB,weblink Rodrigo Rato, también en los 'Papeles de Panamá', Europa Press, 18 April 2016, europapress.es, Despite his prior assurances that he did not own companies in tax havens,NEWS,weblink Rodrigo Rato: "No tengo sociedades en paraísos fiscales ni fuera de la UE", Íñigo de Barrón, 17 April 2015, EL PAÍS, apparently he used two offshore companies to avoid taxes on millions of euros kept overseas.WEB,weblinkauthor=EUROPA PRESS. MADRIDwork=diariodenavarra.es, It has been alleged that he owes taxes to both the Spanish and Panamanian governments.WEB,weblink Rodrigo Rato dejó a deber dinero incluso a la Hacienda de Panamá, ELMUNDO, 18 April 2016, 18 April 2016, On 23 February 2017, Rato was found guilty of embezzlement and sentenced to 4½ years' imprisonment.NEWS, Jones, Sam, Former IMF chief gets four years in jail for embezzlement in Spain,weblink 24 February 2017, The Guardian, 23 January 2017, In September 2018, the sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Spain,NEWS,weblink El Supremo confirma la condena de 4 años y seis meses de cárcel para Rodrigo Rato por las tarjetas black, eldiario.es, 3 October 2018, es, and Rato entered prison on 25 October 2018.Rodrigo Rato ingresa en la prisión de Soto del Real: "Pido perdón a la sociedad" {{in lang|es}}Ex-IMF head Rodrigo Rato starts jail term in 'black cards' case

Early life and education

Rodrigo de Rato was born in Madrid, into a rich textile-owning family from Asturias. He is the great-grandson of politician Faustino Rodríguez-San Pedro y Díaz-Argüelles and the son of businessman Ramón Rato who was jailed in 1967 for tax evasion to Switzerland through his Banco Siero,El único que dijo 'no' a la tarjeta black, Francisco Verdú. weblink. El Mundo, J. CASTRO VILLACAÑAS, 1 March 2015. Consultado el 9 de mayo de 2018. and of Aurora Figaredo Sela. Both the Rato and the Figaredo sides of his family owned industries and nobility titles.«Fallece Aurora Figaredo, la madre de Rodrigo Rato, a los 90 años.» {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120629013401weblink |date=29 June 2012 }} La Voz de Asturias.weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080120181651weblink">Fondos Familia Figaredo (Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos). Rato attended a Jesuit school Our Lady of Remembrance College, Madrid before studying law in the Complutense University.In 1971 Rato went to University of California, Berkeley, and received an MBA in 1974 from the Haas School of Business.

Career

Early beginnings

In 1975 Rato became involved in the family business, first in Fuensanta, an Asturian mineral water company, and then in two Madrid construction firms. He also became involved in expanding the Cadena Rato chain of radio stations.In 1977 Rato joined the newly formed Popular Alliance (AP), a party containing former ministers of Franco, founded by Manuel Fraga, a close personal friend of his father. In December 1979 Rato was elected to the national executive committee, and became secretary of the AP economic commission. In February 1981 he became one of the party's five Secretaries-General, and was considered to be their economic expert. He supported tight controls on public spending, and an emphasis on the supply side of economics. In October 1982 he won election as an AP member of the Congress of Deputies for Cádiz in spite of having no connection to this Andalucian town. He represented the area until 1989 and subsequently represented Madrid from 1989 to 2000.The 1982 election handed a loss to the AP, and marked the beginning of the long rule of the PSOE and Felipe González. Until 1984 Rato was the Secretary of the parliamentary group. He then became their economic affairs spokesman where he impressed the party with his attacks on the PSOE's economic policies. He was seen to be on the liberal wing of the party.When Fraga resigned from the leadership in December 1986 Rato backed Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón who lost the leadership race to Antonio Hernández Mancha, but managed to keep his positions within the party. During these years he also continued his business career in Aguas de Fuensanta; having previously been the CEO of the company from 1978 to 1982, he served as chairman from 1985 to 1991.JOURNAL,weblink 20 October 2001, Xavier, Horcajo, Economía concedió una subvención de 22 millones a Aguas de Fuensanta, El País, In June 1989 Fraga again became interim President after the generally acknowledged failure of the leadership of Hernández Mancha. The party became the slightly more inclusive People's Party (PP). Rato was given shared responsibility over the elections with Francisco Álvarez-Cascos Fernández, the new party Secretary General. He was a close supporter of José María Aznar, who was voted as the new PP leader on 4 September.File:Wolfowitz,_Babacan_&_de_Rato_2006.jpg|left|thumb|Rodrigo de Rato (R), Turkey's Minister of Economy Ali Babacan (C), and World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz (L) shake hands after signing the memorandum of understanding for the 2009 IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings to be held in TurkeyTurkeyOn 29 October, the PP lost the general election, though his role in the campaign gave him national prominence. Afterwards he was appointed party spokesman. On 2 April 1990 his father sold the family stake in Cadena Rato for 5 billion pesetas. In June 1991 he stopped being President of Fuensanta, but remained on the board until 1993. On 6 June that year the PP lost another general election to PSOE. In the 12th National Congress in January 1996 he was confirmed as one of the three vice secretaries of the party.

Minister of Economy and vice president

Then on 3 March 1996 the PP won the general election. On 4 May Aznar became Prime Minister of Spain, and on 6 May Rato became both second Vice President and Minister of Economy and Finance. On 12 March 2000 the PP won again, this time with an absolute majority. His ministries were reorganised, and he gave all his responsibilities to Cristóbal Montoro Romero who became Minister of Finance. In his second term he had to fend off various charges of incompatibility between his public office and his private business interests.

Managing Director of the IMF

Rato became the managing director of the IMF on 7 June 2004, taking over from Anne Krueger, who had been acting as temporary Managing Director after Horst Köhler, who at that time was nominated (and later elected) President of Germany, resigned the post 4 March 2004.In June 2007 Rato announced that he would resign from his post the following October, citing personal reasons. On 28 September 2007, the International Monetary Fund's 24 executive directors elected former French Minister for Economics, Finance, and Industry, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, over former Czech Prime Minister Josef Tošovský, to be the new managing director in succession to Rato.

Career in the private sector

Bankia

Rato assumed the presidency of Caja Madrid in 2010, a public savings bank based in the Community of Madrid, and after a merger with other six saving banks he assumed the presidency of the new group now called Bankia. On 7 May 2012, he resigned amid growing concerns about the solvency of the bank. Although the core capital ratio was 10,4%, the Popular Party Government planned to lend about 8 billion euro to the bank to increase its solvency, as was done before throughout Europe (e.g. ING and Northern Rock crisis). Due to his political ties to the governing PP, which decided to inject the funds, Rato resigned.NEWS,weblink Rato dimite como presidente de Bankia, Rato resigns as president of Bankia, 7 May 2012, El Pais, He had his salary cut from €2.3 million to €600,000 annually in 2011 due to new laws for rescued banks.NEWS,weblink Rodrigo Rato pasa de ganar 2,3 millones a 600.000 euros, El Mundo,

Other activities

• International Airlines Group (IAG), Member of the Board of DirectorsBoard of Directors International Airlines Group (IAG).
• Mapfre, Member of the Board of Directors (2010–2012)

Arrest and conviction

On 4 July 2012, Rato, along with 30 other former members of the board of directors of Bankia, were charged with accounting irregularities. Bloomberg Businessweek listed Rato as the worst CEO in 2012.NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121216020529weblink">weblink dead, 16 December 2012, The Worst CEOs of 2012, Businessweek, In 2011, Bankia had announced profits of €309 million; after Rato resigned, the figure was amended to €3 billion in losses. In October 2014, it became known that between 24 October 2010 to 28 November 2011, Rato made 519 purchases with a secret corporate credit card, spending a total of €99,041. Among these purchases he spent in one day were €3,547 in alcoholic beverages and €1,000 in shoes, along with 16 cash withdrawals of more than €1,000, most of them during the last months of his presidential term.After a hearing 17 October 2014, the Spanish High Court judge Fernando Andreu assigned civil responsibility for the credit card abuse to Rodrigo Rato and Miguel Blesa. Rato was ordered to pay a bond of €3 million,NEWS,weblink Ex-IMF chief ordered to post €3m bond over Caja Madrid card abuse, El Pais, 17 October 2014, 22 October 2014, and was expelled from the People's Party (PP).El PP da de baja a Rato y a los 12 militantes de las tarjetas opacas. El País (27 October 2014).The case went to court in 2016. On 23 February 2017, Rato was convicted and sentenced to four and a half years in prison.NEWS, Jones, Sam, Former IMF chief gets four years in jail for embezzlement in Spain,weblink 24 February 2017, The Guardian, 23 January 2017, In September 2018, the sentence was confirmed by the Supreme Court of Spain,NEWS,weblink El Supremo confirma la condena de 4 años y seis meses de cárcel para Rodrigo Rato por las tarjetas black, eldiario.es, 3 October 2018, es, and Rato entered prison on 25 October 2018.Rodrigo Rato ingresa en la prisión de Soto del Real: "Pido perdón a la sociedad" {{in lang|es}}Ex-IMF head Rodrigo Rato starts jail term in 'black cards' case He was held in solitary confinement under the FIES regime.NEWS, López-Fonseca, Óscar, Interior incluye a los 15 presos de las black en un fichero de reclusos de "especial seguimiento",weblink 27 March 2023, El País, 15 January 2019, es, In 2020, the High Court acquitted Rato in a separate trial over falsifying accounts and other charges in the listing of Bankia when he was the bank’s chairman. It later granted him a semi-release which allowed him to serve the rest of his sentence in partial liberty.Jesús Aguado and Emma Pinedo (October 1, 2020), Former IMF chief Rato to leave Spanish prison on semi-release from embezzlement sentence Reuters.

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}

• IMF biography
• Guardian article on his appointment
• Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
• Rodrigo de Rato's Project Syndicate op/eds

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