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factoids

(File:Historical population of Iran.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|Historical population of Iran){{Multiple image | perrow = 1| total_width = 300| image1 = Provinces of Iran by population.svg| image2 = Iran Counties by Population (2021).svg| footer = Population of Iranian provinces and counties in 2021.}}Iran’s population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016.Iran Census Results 2016 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223181433unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Iran/Iran-2011-Census-Results.pdf |date=23 December 2015 }} United NationsWEB,www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm, A New Direction in Population Policy and Family Planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran, United Nations, Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 14 April 2006, dead,www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090214041911www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090214041911www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm, 14 February 2009, {{As of|2022}}, Iran’s population is around 86.5 million.WEB,www.worldometers.info/world-population/iran-population/, Iran Population (2021) – Worldometer, In recent years, however, Iran’s birth rate has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran’s rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050.WEB,www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php, International Programs, census.gov, 7 December 2017,www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20120429071510www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php,">web.archive.org/web/20120429071510www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php, 29 April 2012, dead, WEB,www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html, Iran’s population growth rate falls to 1.5 percent: UNFP, Payvand.com, Iran News, 18 October 2006,www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20161227193340www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html,">web.archive.org/web/20161227193340www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html, 27 December 2016, live, Half of Iran’s population was under 35 years old in 2012.WEB,abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-urges-baby-boom-16881781#.UBj3HKDh-So, International News, ABC News, 30 November 2012, 4 December 2012,web.archive.org/web/20120801212345/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-urges-baby-boom-16881781#.UBj3HKDh-So, 1 August 2012, dead, In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household).BOOK, Iran, Iran economy: Social indicators & living standards, Economist Intelligence Unit, 23 June 2009, Families earn some 11.8 million rials (about $960) per month on average (2012).NEWS,www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran, Central bank: Income equality improved in Iran, Tehran Times, 4 December 2012,www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran," title="web.archive.org/web/20131115041148www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran,">web.archive.org/web/20131115041148www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran, 15 November 2013, live, According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Iran from 1990 to 2008 was 17.6 million and 32%.CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=12 October 2009 }} Population 1971–2008 (pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=6 January 2012 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57) The literacy rate was 80% in 2002,UNDP.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122115116hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf |date=22 November 2009 }} Table HWEB,www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/, CIA – The World Factbook, Cia.gov, 4 December 2012, and 85% in 2016.WEB,www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/, The World Factbook, 6 May 2019, cia.gov, The fertility rate has fallen to 1.6, below the natural replacement rate of 2.1.WEB, 2 June 2021, Iran’s fertility rate alarmingly low,www.tehrantimes.com/news/461656/Iran-s-fertility-rate-alarmingly-low, 12 July 2021, Tehran Times, en,

Population

According to the 2016 population census the population of Iran was 79.9 million, a fourfold increase since 1956. Between 1976 and 1986, an average annual population growth of almost 4% was reached, but due to decreasing fertility levels the growth decreased to 1.2% between 2011 and 2016.{| class=“wikitable” style="text-align: center“|+Population census resultsIran Census Results 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223181433unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Iran/Iran-2011-Census-Results.pdf |date=23 December 2015 }} United Nationsbgcolor=“#e0e0e0“! Census date! Population! Average annual growth (%)! Populationdensity/km2! Proportionurban (%)! Household size

1956-11-01	18,954,704	—	12	31.4

1966-11-01	25,785,210	3.13	16	37.5

1976-11-01	33,708,744	2.71	20	47.0	5.02

1986-11-22	49,445,010	3.91	30	54.0	5.11

1996-11-01	60,055,488	2.0	37	61.0	4.84

2006-11-01	70,495,782	1.62	43	68.5	4.03

2011-11-01	75,149,669	1.29	46	71.4	3.55

2016-11-01	79,926,270	1.24	49	74.0	3.3

Total Fertility Rate

In 1960, Iran’s fertility rate was 7.3 children per woman. In 2021, the rate had fallen to 1.7 children per woman.weblink A rate at 1.7 may seem good, but it can actually be quite harmful, as it is below replacement rate. Replacement rate is a term that refers to levels of childbearing, and is often calculated to be 2.1 children per woman. weblinkWhen the total fertility rate is below 2.1, this means that the country is faced with an ageing population, which can cause many problems for the country, including increased expenditure on health and long-term care, and labour-force shortages. weblink Studies show that there are several potential reasons for why Iran is facing a fertility crisis. According to a study through the Australian National University, there are both micro and macro factors affecting the fertility rate in Iran, including education, economics, and culture.weblinkMicro-factors can include family income levels and individual choices, while macro-factors can include the country’s economy, education, and shifting cultural values. The cross-sectional cohort study examined four provinces in Iran (Gilan, Sistan & Baluchistan, West Azerbaijan, and Yazd) and found that trends show that women in all four provinces are choosing to have fewer children compared to the women born in the earlier cohorts. The majority of women agreed with statements such as “having many children is an obstacle for the parents’ interests” and “having many children creates financial pressure for the family” (among others)weblink Other sources also suggest that delayed marriage and a tendency to limit fertility are factors affecting the decline of TFR.weblinkA decline in TFR can lead to population decrease, and an ageing population, which can negatively impact the country’s economy.weblinkIn response, Iranian policymakers have attempted to limit these factors by restricting access to contraceptives and surgeries that reduce fertility.weblink

Vital statistics

{{see also| Provinces of Iran}}

UN estimates

(2022 estimates).UN WPP, 2022, 7709:7780, M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI, {| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:right”! style="width:80pt;“|!Population (on 1 July)! style="width:80pt;“|Live births per year! style="width:80pt;“|Deaths per year! style="width:80pt;“|Natural change per year! style="width:80pt;“|crude birth rate1! style="width:80pt;“|crude death rate1! style="width:80pt;“|natural change1! style="width:80pt;“|total fertility rate2! style="width:80pt;“|infant mortality rate3|1950|16,833,000|844,000|469 000|375,000|50.1|27.9|22.3|6.95|209.0|1951|17,220,000|863,000|481 000|382,000|50.1|27.9|22.2|6.95|207.3|1952|17,614,000|883,000|485 000|398,000|50.1|27.5|22.6|6.96|203.7|1953|18,018,000|904,000|490 000|414,000|50.1|27.2|23.0|6.98|200.5|1954|18,435,000|925,000|490 000|434,000|50.1|26.6|23.6|7.01|197.2|1955|18,874,000|946,000|491 000|455,000|50.1|26.0|24.1|7.04|192.9|1956|19,332,000|968,000|494 000|474,000|50.0|25.5|24.5|7.08|189.5|1957|19,806,000|996,000|497 000|499,000|50.2|25.1|25.2|7.18|185.8|1958|20,295,000|1,022,000|494 000|528,000

50.3|24.3|26.0|7.28|181.6

|1959|20,822,000|1,046,000|494 000|551,000|50.2|23.7|26.5

7.38|177.8

|1960|21,389,000|1,049,000|493 000|556,000|49.0|23.1|26.0|7.30|174.0|1961|21,984,000|1,053,000|489 000|564,000|48.0|22.3|25.7|7.23|170.2|1962|22,605,000|1,069,000|500 000|569,000|47.4|22.2|25.2|7.22|167.3|1963|23,259,000|1,082,000|485 000|597,000|46.6|20.9|25.7|7.18|162.8|1964|23,949,000|1,098,000|483 000|615,000|45.9|20.2|25.7|7.13|159.1|1965|24,667,000|1,120,000|482 000|637,000|45.5|19.6|25.9|7.11|155.4|1966|25,399,000|1,145,000|480 000|664,000|45.1|18.9|26.2|7.08|151.6|1967|26,133,000|1,174,000|480 000|694,000|44.9|18.4|26.6|7.05|147.6|1968|26,875,000|1,195,000|487 000|708,000|44.5|18.1|26.4|6.97|144.0|1969|27,644,000|1,220,000|474 000|746,000|44.2|17.2|27.0|6.90|138.9|1970|28,450,000|1,229,000|468 000|761,000|43.2|16.5|26.8|6.71|134.1|1971|29,274,000|1,239,000|459 000|780,000|42.4|15.7|26.7|6.51|128.9|1972|30,112,000|1,237,000|456 000|782,000|41.1|15.1|26.0|6.25|123.8|1973|30,982,000|1,258,000|440 000|818,000|40.6|14.2|26.4|6.11|118.2|1974|31,896,000|1,295,000|433 000|862,000|40.6|13.6|27.0|6.04|113.0|1975|32,857,000|1,339,000|428 000|911,000|40.8|13.0|27.8|6.01|107.7|1976|33,841,000|1,416,000|425 000|991,000|41.8|12.5|29.3|6.14|102.3|1977|34,876,000|1,474,000|421 000|1,053,000|42.3|12.1|30.2|6.20|96.6|1978|35,994,000|1,550,000|446 000|1,104,000|43.1|12.4|30.7|6.33|92.4|1979|37,205,000|1,645,000|411 000|1,234,000|44.2|11.0|33.2|6.53|85.1|1980|38,521,000|1,708,000|422 000|1,286,000|44.4|11.0|33.4|6.58|79.5|1981|40,476,000|1,756,000|463 000|1,293,000|44.1|11.6|32.4|6.56|74.3|1982|42,500,000|1,886,000|467 000|1,419,000|44.4|11.0|33.4|6.55|69.3|1983|44,028,000|1,930,000|458 000|1,472,000|43.9|10.4|33.5|6.51|65.1|1984|45,628,000|1,966,000|420 000|1,546,000|43.1|9.2

33.9|6.44|61.5

|1985|47,266,000

1,974,000|415 000	1,559,000|41.8|8.8|33.0|6.26|58.2

|1986|48,913,000|1,957,000|409 000|1,547,000|40.0|8.4|31.7|6.01|55.3|1987|50,541,000|1,915,000|407 000|1,507,000|37.9|8.1|29.9|5.69|52.6|1988|52,112,000|1,872,000|399 000|1,473,000|36.0|7.7|28.3|5.39|49.8|1989|53,645,000|1,828,000|358 000|1,470,000|34.1|6.7|27.4|5.11|47.4|1990|55,794,000|1,788,000|395 000|1,393,000|32.5|7.2|25.3|4.86|46.5|1991|57,991,000|1,790,000|359 000|1,431,000|30.9|6.2|24.7|4.51|43.1|1992|59,372,000|1,697,000|358 000|1,340,000|28.5|6.0|22.5|4.08|41.3|1993|59,755,000|1,579,000|352 000|1,227,000|26.1|5.8|20.3|3.68|39.8|1994|59,986,000|1,367,000|340 000|1,027,000|22.8|5.7|17.1|3.27|38.2|1995|60,795,000|1,244,000|335 000|908,000|20.4|5.5|14.9|2.89|36.8|1996|61,598,000|1,145,000

333 000|811,000|18.6|5.4|13.2|2.57|35.4

|1997|62,481,000|1,081,000|334 000|747,000|17.3|5.4|12.0|2.33|34.0|1998|63,461,000|1,064,000|336 000|727,000|16.8|5.3|11.5|2.20|32.5|1999|64,475,000|1,065,000|333 000|732,000|16.6|5.2|11.4|2.10|31.0|2000|65,544,000|1,071,000|337 000|735,000|16.4|5.2|11.2

2.02|29.5

|2001|66,675,000|1,082,000|344 000|738,000|16.3|5.2|11.1

1.94|28.1

|2002|67,327,000|1,086,000|345 000|742,000|16.1|5.1|11.0

1.87|26.4

|2003|67,955,000|1,081,000|370 000|712,000|16.0|5.5|10.5

1.82|25.6

|2004|69,062,000|1,107,000|345 000|762,000|16.1|5.0|11.1

1.80|23.4

|2005|70,183,000|1,134,000|348 000|786,000|16.2|5.0|11.2

1.78|21.9

|2006|71,276,000|1,173,000|349 000|824,000|16.5|4.9|11.6

1.77|20.6

|2007|72,319,000|1,221,000|350 000|872,000|16.9|4.8|12.1

1.77|19.4

|2008|73,318,000|1,265,000|369 000|896,000|17.3|5.0|12.2

1.77|18.2

|2009|74,323,000|1,304,000|381 000|923,000|17.5|5.1|12.4

1.77|17.2

|2010|75,374,000|1,337,000|385 000|953,000|17.8|5.1|12.6

1.77|16.3

|2011|76,343,000|1,388,000|381 000|1,008,000|18.2|5.0|13.2

1.80|15.5

|2012|77,324,000|1,464,000|378 000|1,085,000|18.9|4.9|14.0

1.89|14.8

|2013|78,459,000|1,526,000|385 000|1,141,000|19.4|4.9|14.5

1.96|14.2

|2014|79,962,000|1,579,000|391 000|1,188,000|19.8|4.9|14.9

2.04|13.6

|2015|81,791,000|1,583,000|395 000|1,188,000|19.4|4.8|14.6

2.05|13.1

|2016|83,306,000|1,584,000|394 000|1,190,000|19.0

4.7|14.3	2.07|12.6

|2017|84,505,000|1,572,000|396 000|1,176,000|18.6|4.7|13.9

2.07|12.2

|2018|85,618,000|1,475,000|404 000|1,071,000|17.2|4.7|12.5

1.97|11.8

|2019|86,564,000|1,308,000|421 000|886,000|15.1|4.9|10.2

1.77|11.4

|2020|87,290,000|1,243,000|486 000|757,000|14.2|5.6|8.7

1.71|11.0

|2021|87,923,000|1,204,000

566 000|638,000	13.7|6.4	7.3	1.69|10.7

1per 1000; 2 TFR = number of children per woman; 3per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

(2001 statistics)WEB,unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001, United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics, United Nations, 8 August 2012,unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001," title="web.archive.org/web/20161227194033unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001,">web.archive.org/web/20161227194033unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001, 27 December 2016, live, WEB,www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx, .:: National Organization for Civil Registration-Home ::., sabteahval.ir, 4 May 2015,www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20130114035336www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20130114035336www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx, 14 January 2013, dead, WEB, Census 2016,irandataportal.syr.edu/census/census-2016, {| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align: right”!! style="width:70pt;“|Average population ! style="width:70pt;“|Live births! style="width:70pt;“|Deaths! style="width:70pt;“|Natural change! style="width:70pt;“|Crude birth rate (per 1000)! style="width:70pt;“|Crude death rate (per 1000)! style="width:70pt;“|Natural change (per 1000)! style="width:70pt;“|Total Fertility Rate| 1959|

	|688,578			|

| 1960|

	|705,166			|

| 1961|

	|742,889			|

| 1962|

	|792,012			|

| 1963|

	|785,055			|

| 1964|

	|973,737			|

| 1965|

	|967,723			|

| 1966|

	|922,615			|

| 1967|

	|840,214			|

| 1968|

	|862,821			|

| 1969|

	|923,853			|

| 1970|

	|1,025,773			|

| 1971|

	|1,081,902			|

| 1972|

	|985,275			|

| 1973|

	|1,044,696			|

| 1974|

	|1,098,471			|

| 1975|

	|1,190,724			|

| 1976|

	|1,245,445			|

| 1977|

	|1,253,608			|

| 1978|

	|1,242,010			|

| 1979|

	|1,547,506			|

| 1980|

	|2,288,132			|

| 1981|

	|2,243,512			|

| 1982|

	|1,901,280			|

| 1983|

	|1,996,220			|

| 1984|

	|1,881,363			|

| 1985|

	|1,843,224			|

| 1986|

	|2,059,544			|

| 1987|

	|1,627,859			|

| 1988|

	|1,705,759			|

| 1989|

	|1,585,166			|

| 1990|

	|1,505,380			|

| 1991|

	|1,365,294			|

| 1992|

	|1,244,596			|

| 1993|

	|1,179,856			|

| 1994|

	|			|3.50

| 1995|

	|			|3.22

| 1996|

	|			|2.95

| 1997|

	|			|2.73

| 1998||1,185,639

|634,294			|2.53

| 1999|62,738,000

	|802,719			|2.36

| 2000|63,658,000

	|712,491			|2.19

| 2001|64,592,000

	|689,311			|2.09

| 2002|65,540,000

	|784,867			|2.01

| 2003|66,480,000

	|803,055			|1.92

| 2004|67,477,000

	|799,155			|1.87

| 2005|69,672,000

	|875,685			|1.82

| 2006|70,554,000

	|845,346			|1.79

| 2007|71,336,000

	|873,980			|1.81

| 2008|72,120,000

	|882,368			|1.80

| 2009|72,924,000

	|955,032			|1.78

| 2010|73,762,000

	|922,500			|1.77

| 2011|74,634,000

	|960,096			|1.74

| 2012|75,539,000

	|1,054,177			|1.73

| 2013|76,481,000

	|1,099,555			|1.70

| 2014|77,465,000

	|1,088,029			|1.68

| 2015|78,492,000

	|1,195,392			|2.16

| 2016|79,926,000

	|1,139,261			|2.11

| 2017|80,960,000

	|1,118,172			|2.07

| 2018|81,865,000

	|989,788			|1.97

| 2019|82,585,000

	|800,813				1.77

|2020|83,220,000

	|602,247			|1.71

|2021|83,935,000

	|571,695			|1.74

|2022

	1,075,381	395,727	679,654			|1.66

|2023

	1,057,948					|

{{GraphChart| width = 450| height = 150| xAxisTitle=year| yAxisTitle= million| yAxisMin=| yGrid= 0,1| xGrid= 10| legend=| type = line| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021| y1= 16.8,17.2,17.6,18,18.4,18.9,19.3,19.8,20.3,20.8,21.4,22,22.6,23.3,23.9,24.7,25.4,26.1,26.9,27.6,28.5,29.3,30.1,31,31.9,32.9,33.8,34.9,36,37.2,38.5,40.5,42.5,44,45.6,47.3,48.9,50.5,52.1,53.6,55.8,58,59.4,59.8,60,60.8,61.6,62.5,63.5,64.5,65.5,66.7,67.3,68,69.1,70.2,71.3,72.3,73.3,74.3,75.4,76.3,77.3,78.5,80,81.8,83.3,84.5,85.6,86.6,87.3,87.9| y1Title= population (million)}}{{GraphChart| width = 450| height = 150| xAxisTitle=years| yAxisTitle= ‰| yAxisMin=| yGrid= 0,1| xGrid= 10| hAnnotatonsLine=| hAnnotatonsLabel=| legend=| type = line| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021| y1= 22.3,22.2,22.6,23.0,23.6,24.1,24.5,25.2,26.0,26.5,26.0,25.7,25.2,25.7,25.7,25.9,26.2,26.6,26.4,27.0,26.8,26.7,26.0,26.4,27.0,27.8,29.3,30.2,30.7,33.2,33.4,32.4,33.4,33.5,33.9,33.0,31.7,29.9,28.3,27.4,25.3,24.7,22.5,20.3,17.1,14.9,13.2,12.0,11.5,11.4,11.2,11.1,11.0,10.5,11.1,11.2,11.6,12.1,12.2,12.4,12.6,13.2,14.0,14.5,14.9,14.6,14.3,13.9,12.5,10.2,8.7,7.3| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)}}{{GraphChart| width = 450| height = 150| xAxisTitle=years| yAxisTitle= ‰| yAxisMin=| yGrid= 0,1| xGrid= 10| hAnnotatonsLine=| hAnnotatonsLabel=| legend=| type = line| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021| y1= 209.0,207.3,203.7,200.5,197.2,192.9,189.5,185.8,181.6,177.8,174.0,170.2,167.3,162.8,159.1,155.4,151.6,147.6,144.0,138.9,134.1,128.9,123.8,118.2,113.0,107.7,102.3,96.6,92.4,85.1,79.5,74.3,69.3,65.1,61.5,58.2,55.3,52.6,49.8,47.4,46.5,43.1,41.3,39.8,38.2,36.8,35.4,34.0,32.5,31.0,29.5,28.1,26.4,25.6,23.4,21.9,20.6,19.4,18.2,17.2,16.3,15.5,14.8,14.2,13.6,13.1,12.6,12.2,11.8,11.4,11.0,10.7| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)}}{{GraphChart| width = 450| height = 150| xAxisTitle=years| yAxisTitle= TFR| yAxisMin=| yGrid= 0,1| xGrid= 10| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1| hAnnotatonsLabel=| legend=| type = line| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021| y1= 6.95,6.95,6.96,6.98,7.01,7.04,7.08,7.18,7.28,7.38,7.30,7.23,7.22,7.18,7.13,7.11,7.08,7.05,6.97,6.90,6.71,6.51,6.25,6.11,6.04,6.01,6.14,6.20,6.33,6.53,6.58,6.56,6.55,6.51,6.44,6.26,6.01,5.69,5.39,5.11,4.86,4.51,4.08,3.68,3.27,2.89,2.57,2.33,2.20,2.10,2.02,1.94,1.87,1.82,1.80,1.78,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.80,1.89,1.96,2.04,2.05,2.07,2.07,1.97,1.77,1.71,1.69| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate}}

Current vital statistics

WEB, دفتر آمار Ùˆ اطلاعات جمعیتی Ùˆ مهاجرت,www.sabteahval.ir/avej/Page.aspx?mId=49826&ID=3272&Page=Magazines%2FSquareshowMagazine, 12 February 2023, 7 February 2022,web.archive.org/web/20220207223223/https://www.sabteahval.ir/avej/Page.aspx?mId=49826&ID=3272&Page=Magazines%2FSquareshowMagazine, dead, {| class=“wikitable” style="text-align:center“|+! Period! Live births! Deaths! Natural increase| March 21 2021 – December 21 2021| 844,723| 428,549| +416,174| March 21 2022 – December 21 2022| 810,877| 313,545| +497,332| Difference| {{decrease}} -33,846 (-4.0%)| {{DecreasePositive}} -115,004 (-26.8%)| {{increase}} +81,158{| class=“wikitable sortable”! width=“80pt“|Age group! width=“80pt“|Number(2006)! width=“80pt“|Percentage(2006)! width=“80pt“|Number(2011)! width=“80pt“|Percentage(2011)

Total	70,495,782	100	75,149,669	100

0–4	5,463,978	7.75	6,232,552	8.29

5–9	5,509,057	7.81	5,657,791	7.53

10–14	6,708,591	9.52	5,671,435	7.55

15–19	8,726,761	12.38	6,607,043	8.79

20–24	9,011,422	12.78	8,414,497	11.20

25–29	7,224,952	10.25	8,672,654	11.54

30–34	5,553,531	7.88	6,971,924	9.28

35–39	4,921,124	6.98	5,571,018	7.41

40–44	4,089,158	5.80	4,906,749	6.53

45–49	3,522,761	5.00	4,030,481	5.36

50–54	2,755,420	3.91	3,527,408	4.69

55–59	1,887,981	2.68	2,680,119	3.57

60–64	1,464,452	2.08	1,862,907	2.48

65–69	1,197,550	1.70	1,343,731	1.79

70–74	1,119,318	1.59	1,119,968	1.49

75–79	694,122	0.98	913,531	1.22

80+	645,601	0.92	919,539	1.22

Unclear	–	–	46,322	0.06

{| class=“wikitable sortable”! width=“110” | Number of children 0–14 ! width=“110” | Number of people 15–49 ! width=“70” | Proportion! width=“110” | Number of women 15–49! width=“70” | Proportion

17,681,629 (2006)	43,049,709 (2006)	0.4107 (2006)	~21,524,855 (2006)	0.8215 (2006)

17,561,778 (2011)	45,174,366 (2011)	0.3888 (2011)	~22,587,183 (2011)	0.7775 (2011)

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to the Iranian Year which begins on 21 March and ends on 20 March of the following year.):WEB,unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/, Demographic Yearbook – 2020, United Nations Statistics Division, New York, 18 May 2022, {| class=“wikitable”! width=“80pt“|Age Group! width=“80pt“|Male! width=“80pt“|Female! width=“80pt“|Total! width=“80pt“|%

Total	42,484,186	41,553,414	84,037,600	100

0–4	3,751,160	3,584,640	7,335,800	8.73

5–9	3,644,823	3,453,109	7,097,932	8.45

10–14	3,195,837	3,043,160	6,238,997	7.42

15–19	2,850,201	2,723,069	5,573,270	6.63

20–24	2,817,236	2,715,743	5,532,979	6.58

25–29	3,398,106	3,322,934	6,721,040	8.00

30–34	4,246,233	4,166,179	8,412,412	10.01

35–39	4,226,366	4,147,771	8,374,137	9.96

40–44	3,375,662	3,271,031	6,646,693	7.91

45–49	2,687,892	2,591,386	5,279,278	6.28

50–54	2,321,552	2,270,429	4,591,981	5.46

55–59	1,841,337	1,847,872	3,689,209	4.39

60–64	1,510,299	1,557,919	3,068,218	3.65

65–69	1,058,091	1,138,129	2,196,220	2.61

70–74	640 098	748 890	1,388,988	1.65

75–79	415 623	459 393	875 016	1.04

80+	503 670	511 760	1,015,430	1.21

! width=“50“|Age group ! width=“80pt“|Male! width=“80“|Female! width=“80“|Total! width=“50“|Percent

0–14	10,591,820	10,080,909	20,672,729	24.60

15–64	29,274,884	28,614,333	57,889,217	68.88

65+	2,617,482	2,858,172	5,475,654	6.52

{| class=“wikitable sortable”! width=“70” | Year! width=“120” | 0–14 ! width=“120” | 15–64! width=“120” | 65+

1976	44.5	52	3.5

1985	45.5	51.5	3

1996	39.5	56.1	4.3

2006	25.1 (17,681,629)	69.7 (49,157,562)	5.2 (3,656,591)

2011	23.4 (17,561,778)	70.9 (53,297,122)	5.7 (4,290,769)

2016	24.0 (19,192,665)	69.9 (55,862,087)	6.1 (4,871,518)

Table 9 – Population and Average Annual Growth by Provinces: 2006 and 2011{| class=“wikitable sortable”! width=“160” | Province! width=“120” | 2006! width=“120” | 2011! width=“120” | Average annual growth

Alborz	2,076,991	2,412,513	3.04

Ardabil	1,228,155	1,248,488	0.33

Bushehr	886,267	1,032,949	3.11

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari	857,910	895,263	0.86

East Azerbaijan	3,603,456	3,724,620	0.66

Fars	4,336,878	4,596,658	1.17

Gilan	2,404,861	2,480,874	0.62

Golestan	1,617,087	1,777,014	1.90

Hamadan	1,703,267	1,758,268	0.64

Hormozgan	1,403,674	1,578,183	2.37

Ilam	545,787	557,599	0.43

Isfahan	4,559,256	4,879,312	1.37

Kerman	2,652,413	2,938,988	2.07

Kermanshah	1,879,385	1,945,227	0.69

Khuzestan	4,274,979	4,531,720	1.17

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad	634,299	658,629	0.76

Kurdistan	1,440,156	1,493,645	0.73

Lorestan	1,716,527	1,754,243	0.44

Markazi	1,351,257	1,413,959	0.91

Mazandaran	2,922,432	3,073,943	1.02

North Khorasan	811,572	867,727	1.35

Qazvin	1,143,200	1,201,565	1.00

Qom	1,046,737	1,151,672	1.93

Razavi Khorasan	5,593,079	5,994,402	1.40

Semnan	589,742	631,218	1.37

Sistan and Baluchestan	2,405,742	2,534,327	1.05

South Khorasan	636,420	662,534	0.81

Tehran	11,345,375	12,183,391	1.44

West Azerbaijan	2,873,459	3,080,576	1.40

Yazd	990,818	1,074,428	1.63

Zanjan	964,601	1,015,734	1.04

Total	70,495,782	75,149,669	1.29

1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011.Unofficial Translation 17Table 10 – Population Percentages by Province: 2006 and 2011 (Percentage){| class=“wikitable sortable”! width=“160” | Province! width=“100” | 2006! width=“100” | 2011

Alborz	2.95	3.21

Ardabil	1.74	1.66

Bushehr	1.26	1.37

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari	1.22	1.19

East Azerbaijan	5.11	4.96

Fars	6.15	6.12

Gilan	3.41	3.30

Golestan	2.29	2.36

Hamadan	2.42	2.34

Hormozgan	1.99	2.10

Ilam	0.77	0.74

Isfahan	6.47	6.49

Kerman	3.76	3.91

Kermanshah	2.67	2.59

Khuzestan	6.06	6.03

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad	0.90	0.88

Kurdistan	2.04	1.99

Lorestan	2.43	2.33

Markazi	1.92	1.88

Mazandaran	4.15	4.09

North Khorasan	1.15	1.15

Qazvin	1.62	1.60

Qom	1.48	1.53

Razavi Khorasan	7.93	7.98

Semnan	0.84	0.84

Sistan and Baluchestan	3.41	3.37

South Khorasan	0.90	0.88

Tehran	16.09	16.21

West Azerbaijan	4.08	4.10

Yazd	1.41	1.43

Zanjan	1.37	1.35

Total	100	100

1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011.

Languages and ethnic groups

File:Iran ethnoreligious distribution 2004.jpg|thumb|500px|Colour-coded map of Iran’s ethnic groups. The centre of the country is mostly Persians; Azerbaijanis, Gilaks, Kurds, and Talysh are in the northwest; Lurs, Qashqai and Arabs in the southwest; Turkmens and more Kurds in the northeast; Balochis in the southeast.]]The largest linguistic group comprises speakers of Iranian languages, like modern Persian, Kurdish, Gilaki, Mazandarani, Luri, Talysh, and Balochi. Speakers of Turkic languages, most notably Azerbaijanis, which is by far the second-most spoken language in the country, but also the Turkmen, and the Qashqai peoples, comprise a substantial minority. The remainder are primarily speakers of Semitic languages such as Arabic and Assyrian. A small number of Mandaeans in Khuzestan speak Mandaic. There are small groups using other Indo-European languages such as Armenian and Russian; also, Georgian (a member of the Kartvelian language family) is spoken in a large pocket only by those Iranian Georgians that live in Fereydan, Fereydunshahr. Most of those Georgians who live in the north Iranian provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, Isfahan, Tehran Province and the rest of Iran no longer speak the language.The Circassians in Iran, a very large minority in the past and speakers of the Circassian language, have been strongly assimilated and absorbed within the population in the past few centuries. However, significant pockets do exist spread over the country, and they are the second-largest Caucasus-derived group in the nation after the Georgians.Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614155901books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false |date=14 June 2015 }} Facts On File, Incorporated {{ISBN|143812676X}} p 141WEB,www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118238/Circassian, Circassian (people), 28 April 2014,web.archive.org/web/20140407230314/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118238/Circassian, 7 April 2014, live, Jews have had a continuous presence in Iran since the time of Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire. In 1948, there were approximately 140,000–150,000 Jews living in Iran. According to the Tehran Jewish Committee, the Jewish population of Iran was (more recently) estimated at 25,000 to 35,000, of which approximately 15,000 are in Tehran with the rest residing in Hamadan, Shiraz, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Kerman, Rafsanjan, Borujerd, Sanandaj, Tabriz and Urmia. However, the official 2011 state census recorded only 8,756 Jews in Iran.NEWS,www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/, Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute, The Times of Israel, 28 November 2012, 16 August 2014, “A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran”,www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw," title="web.archive.org/web/20140819102713www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw,">web.archive.org/web/20140819102713www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw, 19 August 2014, live, File:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1982-1989).pngFile:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1990-1993).pngFile:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1994-2011).pngFile:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (2012-2014).pngThe CIA World Factbook (which is based on 2013 statistics) gives the following numbers for the languages spoken in Iran today: Persian, Luri, Gilaki and Mazandarani 66%; Azerbaijani and other Turkic languages 18%; Kurdish 10%; Arabic 2%; Balochi 2%; others 2% (Armenian, Georgian, Circassian, Assyrian, etc.).WEB,www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/, The World Factbook – Iran, 13 May 2013, According to anthropologist Brian Spooner, around half of Iran’s population uses a language other than Persian at home and in informal public situations.BOOK, Brian Spooner, Brian Spooner (anthropologist), Schiffman, Harold, Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors, 2012, Brill, 89, PERSIAN, FARSI, DARI, TAJIKI: LANGUAGE NAMES AND LANGUAGE POLICIES, Other sources, such as the Library of Congress, and the Encyclopedia of Islam (Leiden)See Iran in Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden. C.E. Bosworth (editor) give Iran’s ethnic groups as following: Persians 65%, Azerbaijanis 16%, Kurds 7%, Lurs 6%, Arabs 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmens 1%, Turkic tribal groups (e.g. Qashqai) 1%, and non-Persian, non-Turkic groups (e.g. Armenians, Georgians, Assyrians, Circassians) less than 1%.WEB,www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf, Country Profile: Iran, Curtis, Glenn E., Hooglund, Eric, May 2008, Library of Congress – Federal Research Division, 5, 2 December 2009,www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20150927105102www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20150927105102www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf, 27 September 2015, live, For sources prior to and after 2000, see Languages and ethnicities in Iran.

Urban population

{{See also|List of largest cities of Iran|List of cities in Iran}}(File:Iran Population-Urban vs Rural.png|thumb|250px|Evolution of Iran population divided into urban and rural population)(File:Provinces of Iran by population density.svg|thumb|250px|Provinces of Iran by population density in 2013)In addition to its international migration pattern, Iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world according to the UN humanitarian information unit. According to 2015 population estimates, approximately 73.4 per cent of Iran’s population lives in urban areas, up from 27 per cent in 1950.WEB,www.amar.org.ir/english, Statistical Center of Iran, Migrationinformation.org,www.amar.org.ir/english/," title="web.archive.org/web/20151015234935www.amar.org.ir/english/,">web.archive.org/web/20151015234935www.amar.org.ir/english/, 15 October 2015, dead, 4 December 2012, The following is a list of the eight most populous cities in the country:{| class=“wikitable”!scope=“col” rowspan=“2“| Rank!scope=“col” rowspan=“2“| City!scope=“col” rowspan=“2“| Province!scope=“col” colspan=“2“| population! scope=“col” |CityWEB,www.amar.org.ir/english, Statistical Center of Iran > Home, ! scope=“col” |MetroWEB, citypopulation.de,citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20180913144137citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html,">web.archive.org/web/20180913144137citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html,citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html, 13 September 2018, Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps, 13 September 2018, ! 1| Tehran

Tehran Province>Tehran| 8,693,706| 14,700,000

! 2| Mashhad | Razavi Khorasan| 3,001,184| 3,100,000! 3

Isfahan (city)>Isfahan	Isfahan Province>Isfahan| 1,961,260| 3,100,000

! 4| Karaj

Alborz Province>Alborz| 1,592,492| 2,500,000

! 5

Shiraz, Iran>Shiraz	Fars Province>Fars| 1,565,572| 1,700,000

! 6| Tabriz | East Azarbaijan| 1,588,693| 1,760,000! 7| Qom

Qom province>Qom| 1,201,158| 1,240,000

! 8| Ahvaz | Khuzestan| 1,184,788| 1,320,000

Religious affiliations

{{Pie chart|thumb = right|caption = Religion in Iran by CIA|label1 = Shia Islam |value1 = 94.1|color1 = DarkGreen|label2 = Sunni Islam|value2 = 5.3|color2 = Green|label3 = Other/Unspecifed|value3 = 0.6|color3 = Blue}}{{See also|Roman Catholicism in Iran|Persian Jews|Baháʼí Faith in Iran|Mandaeans}} {| class=“wikitable” style="text-align: right“|+ Population of Iran according to religion 1956–2011 per the UN! rowspan=“2” |! colspan=“2” | Muslims! colspan=“2” | Christians! colspan=“2” | Zoroastrians! colspan=“2” | Jews! colspan=“2” | Other! colspan=“2” | Unknown! # !! %! # !! %! # !! %! # !! %! # !! %! # !! %! census 1956

	width=40|98.4}}		width=40|0.6}}		width=40|0.1}}		width=40|0.3}}		width=40|0.3}}		width=40|0.2}}

! census 1966

	width=40|98.8}}		width=40|0.6}}		width=40|0.1}}		width=40|0.2}}		width=40|0.3}}	|

! census 1976

	width=40|99.1}}		width=40|0.5}}		width=40|0.1}}		width=40|0.2}}	|		width=40|0.2}}

! census 2006

	width=40|99.4}}		width=40|0.2}}		width=40|0.0}}		width=40|0.0}}		width=40|0.1}}		width=40|0.3}}

! census 2011

	width=40|99.4}}		width=40|0.2}}		width=40|0.0}}		width=40|0.0}}		width=40|0.1}}		width=40|0.4}}

About 99% of the Iranians are Muslims; 90% belong to the Shi’a branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 9% belong to the Sunni branch, which predominates in neighbouring Muslim countries. Less than 1% non-Muslim minorities include Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews, Baháʼís, Mandaeans, and Yarsan. By far the largest group of Christians in Iran are Armenians under the Armenian Apostolic Church which has between 110,000,NEWS, In Iran, ‘crackdown’ on Christians worsens, Christian Examiner, Washington D.C., April 2009,www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html, 1 December 2009, dead,www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131231000642www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131231000642www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html, 31 December 2013, 250,000,WEB, Price, Massoume, History of Christians and Christianity in Iran, Christianity in Iran, FarsiNet Inc., December 2002,www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html, 1 December 2009,www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100322220007www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100322220007www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html, 22 March 2010, dead, and 300,000,NEWS, In Iran, ‘crackdown’ on Christians worsens, Christian Examiner, Washington D.C., April 2009,www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html, 19 March 2015, dead,www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131231000642www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131231000642www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html, 31 December 2013, adherents. There are hundreds of Christian churches in Iran.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The Baháʼí Faith, Iran’s largest non-Muslim religious minority with a population around 300,000, is not officially recognised (and therefore not included in the census results), and has been persecuted since its inception in Iran. Since the 1979 revolution the persecution of Baháʼís has increased with executions, the denial of civil rights and liberties, and the denial of access to higher education and employment.WEB, 1 August 2003, Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran, International Federation for Human Rights, fdih.org, 19 March 2007,www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf,www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20061031221624www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20061031221624www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf, 31 October 2006, live, WEB, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baháʼís of Iran, 2007, 19 March 2007,www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf, dead,www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070611140854www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070611140854www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf, 11 June 2007, Unofficial estimates for the Assyrian Christian population range between 20,000,WEB,www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043, انتقال مقر جهاني آشوريان به ايران, jamejamonline.ir, 2 January 2015,www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043," title="web.archive.org/web/20141223030525www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043,">web.archive.org/web/20141223030525www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043, 23 December 2014, dead, WEB,www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran, ASSYRIANS IN IRAN, iranicaonline.org, 2 January 2015,www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran," title="web.archive.org/web/20150204215842www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran,">web.archive.org/web/20150204215842www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran, 4 February 2015, live, and 70,000.BOOK, Hooglund, Eric, Eric Hooglund, Glenn E., Curtis, Eric, Hooglund, Eric Hooglund, United States Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Iran: A Country Study,archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/81, PDF, 13 October 2013, 5th, Area Handbook Series, 2008, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 978-0-8444-1187-3, 81–142, The Society and Its Environment, registration, WEB,www.aina.org/brief.html, Brief History of Assyrians, BetBasoo, Peter, 1 April 2007, Assyrian International News Agency,www.aina.org/brief.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131017014421www.aina.org/brief.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131017014421www.aina.org/brief.html, 17 October 2013, 12 October 2013, dead, The number of Iranian Mandaeans is a matter of dispute. In 2009, there were an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 Mandaeans in Iran, according to the Associated Press.WEB, Contrera, Russell,www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith, Saving the people, killing the faith â€“ Holland, MI, The Holland Sentinel, 17 December 2011, dead,www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith," title="web.archive.org/web/20120306012853www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith,">web.archive.org/web/20120306012853www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith, 6 March 2012, Whereas Alarabiya has put the number of Iranian Mandaeans as high as 60,000 in 2011.WEB,www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html, Iran Mandaeans in exile following persecution, Al Arabiya, 6 December 2011, 17 December 2011,www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20160731033510www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html,">web.archive.org/web/20160731033510www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html, 31 July 2016, dead,

Iranian citizens abroad

The term “Iranian citizens abroad” or ” Iranian/Persian diaspora” refers to the Iranian people and their children born in Iran but living outside of Iran. Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than two billion dollars home in 2006.Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 10/22/07 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025021531www.iran-daily.com/1386/2971/html/economy.htm |date=25 October 2007 }}As of 2010, there are about four to five million Iranians living abroad, mostly in the United States, Canada, Europe, Persian Gulf States, Turkey, Australia and the broader Middle East.WEB,www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/3/C65survey405A-8FE9-AAD51173BD66.html, Iran: Coping With The World’s Highest Rate Of Brain Drain, RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, {{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} According to the 2000 Census and other independent surveys, there are an estimated 1 million Iranian-Americans living in the U.S., in particular, the Los Angeles area is estimated to be host to approximately 72,000 Iranians, earning the Westwood area of LA the nickname Tehrangeles.NEWS,www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/, CNN, Iranian-Americans cast ballots on Iran’s future, 1 May 2010, 16 June 2009,www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/," title="web.archive.org/web/20090817071324www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/,">web.archive.org/web/20090817071324www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/, 17 August 2009, live, Other metropolises that have large Iranian populations include Dubai with 300,000 Iranians, Vancouver, London, Toronto, San Francisco Bay Area, Washington D.C., Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Stockholm, Berlin, Hamburg and Frankfurt. Their combined net worth is estimated to be $1.3 trillion.Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 02/14/07 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306024755www.iran-daily.com/1385/2781/html/economy.htm |date=6 March 2007 }}Note that this differs from the other Iranian peoples living in other areas of Greater Iran, who are of related ethnolinguistical family, speaking languages belonging to the Iranian languages which is a branch of Indo-European languages.

Refugee population

{{See also|Foreign relations of Iran}}Iran hosts one of the largest refugee population in the world, with more than one million refugees, mostly from Afghanistan (80%) and Iraq (10%). Since 2006, Iranian officials have been working with the UNHCR and Afghan officials for their repatriation.WEB,www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html, Tripartite meeting on returns to Afghanistan, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, 14 April 2006,www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20181003213837www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html,">web.archive.org/web/20181003213837www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html, 3 October 2018, live, WEB,www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top, Migration Information Source – Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home, Migrationinformation.org, 4 December 2012,migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top," title="web.archive.org/web/20140215052030migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top,">web.archive.org/web/20140215052030migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top, 15 February 2014, live, Between 1979 and 1997, UNHCR spent more than US$1 billion on Afghan refugees in Pakistan but only $150 million on those in Iran. In 1999, the Iranian government estimated the cost of maintaining its refugee population at US$10 million per day, compared with the US$18 million UNHCR allocated for all of its operations in Iran in 1999. As of 2016, some 300,000 work permits have been issued for foreign nationals in Iran.WEB,financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits, 300K Foreigners Have Work Permits, 26 December 2016, 4 January 2017,web.archive.org/web/20170105083313/https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits, 5 January 2017, dead,

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

File:Net Migration Iran.png|thumb|300px|right|Net Iranian migration (1979–2008). A positive value represents more people entering Iran than leaving it]]The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.WEB,www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/, The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, cia.gov, 30 May 2007, Age structureWEB,www.indexmundi.com/iran/demographics_profile.html, Iran Demographics Profile, Median age Population growth rate Birth rate Death rate Urbanization File:Life expectancy in Iran.svg|thumb|250px|Life expectancyLife expectancy(File:Life expectancy by WBG -Iran -diff.png|thumb|250px|Life expectancy in Iran since 1960 by gender)Sex ratio Life expectancy at birth Total fertility rate Literacy

Genetics

{{see also|Genetic history of the Middle East}}

Haplogroups

Y-chromosome DNA

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, the Iranian Y-chromosome pool is as follows where haplogroups, R1 (25%), J2 (23%) G (14%), J1 (8%) E1b1b (5%), L (4%), Q (4%), comprise more than 85% of the total chromosomes.Regueiro et al. 2006, Nasidze et al. 2008{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%; border:1”Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape {{Webarchivewww.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056775 >date=22 October 2014 }}. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775BE1b1aE1b1b1a3FHJ1KNP,RR1aR1b1aR2|M70

|2.12

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the female lineage. West Eurasian mtDNA makes up over 90% of the Iranian population on average. (2013).JOURNAL, Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians, Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Ardeshir Bahmanimehr, Galina Denisova, Maria Perkova, Shirin Farjadian, Levon Yepiskoposyan, PLOS ONE, November 2013, 8, 11, e80673, 10.1371/journal.pone.0080673, 24244704, 3828245, 2013PLoSO...880673D, free, Among them, U3b3 lineages appear to be restricted to populations of Iran and the Caucasus, while the sub-cluster U3b1a is common in the whole Near East region.In Iran outliers in the Y-chromosomes and Mitochondrial DNA gene pool are consisted of the north Iranian ethnicities, such as the Gilaks and Mazandarani’s, whose genetic build up including chromosomal DNA are nearly identical to the major South Caucasian ethnicities, namely the Georgians, Armenians and Azerbaijani’s. Other outliers are made by the Baloch people, representing a mere 1–2% of the total Iranian population, who have more patrilinial and mitochondrial DNA lines leaning towards northwest South Asian ethnic groups.Levels of genetic variation in Iranian populations are comparable to the other groups from the Caucasus, Anatolia and Europe.

Autosomal DNA

A large-scale genetic analyses on various ethnic groups of Iran, published in 2019, found that genetically speaking different Iranian ethnic groups, such as Persians, Kurds, Azeris, Lurs, Mazanderanis, Gilaks and Arabs, cluster tightly together, forming a single cluster known as the “CIC” (Central Iranian cluster). Compared with worldwide populations, Iranians (CIC) cluster in the center of the wider West Eurasian cluster, close to Europeans, Middle Easterners, and South-Central Asians. Iranian Arabs and Turkic-speaking Azeris genetically overlap with Iranian-speaking peoples such as Persians. The genetic substructure of Iranians was found to be low, compared with other “1000G” populations. Iranians display their highest genetic affinity with other Southwest and West Asian populations, followed by Europeans and Central Asian groups. Certain South Asians (specifically the Parsi minority) showed the highest affinity with Iranians, inline with their ethnic history. Overall, the study results suggest that the genetic makeup of the Iranian gene pool formed already about 5,000 years ago and shows high continuity since then, suggesting that they were largely unaffected by migration events from outside groups. On a global scale, Iranians display their highest affinity with other “West Eurasian” populations (such as Europeans or South Asians, but also Latin Americans), while Sub-Saharan Africans and East Asians showed large degrees of differentiation with Iranians.JOURNAL, Mehrjoo, Zohreh, Fattahi, Zohreh, Beheshtian, Maryam, Mohseni, Marzieh, Poustchi, Hossein, Ardalani, Fariba, Jalalvand, Khadijeh, Arzhangi, Sanaz, Mohammadi, Zahra, Khoshbakht, Shahrouz, Najafi, Farid, 24 September 2019, Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population, PLOS Genetics, en, 15, 9, e1008385, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385, 1553-7404, 6759149, 31550250, Seven groups (Iranian Arabs, Azeris, Gilaks, Kurds, Mazanderanis, Lurs and Persians) strongly overlapped in their overall autosomal diversity in an MDS analysis (Fig 1B), suggesting the existence of a Central Iranian Cluster (CIC), notably also including Iranian Arabs and Azeris. On a global scale (Fig 2 including “Old World” populations only; see S2 Fig for all 1000G populations), CIC Iranians closely clustered with Europeans, while Iranian Turkmen showed similar yet distinct degrees of admixture compared to other South Asians. A local comparison corroborated the distinct genetic diversity of CIC Iranians relative to other geographically close populations [2, 6, 44] (Fig 3 and S3 Fig). Still, genetic substructure was much smaller among Iranian groups than in relation to any of the 1000G populations, supporting the view that the CIC groups form a distinct genetic entity, despite internal heterogeneity. European (FST~0.0105–0.0294), South Asians (FST~0.0141–0.0338), but also some Latin American populations (Puerto Ricans: FST~0.0153–0.0228; Colombians: FST~0.0170–0.0261) were closest to Iranians, whereas Sub-Saharan Africans and admixed Afro-Americans (FST~0.0764–0.1424) as well as East Asians (FST ~ 0.0645–0.1055) showed large degrees of differentiation with Iranians., free,

People of Iranian ancestry

{{See also|Greater Iran}}

Tats (Caucasus)

The “Tats” are an Iranian people, presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan). The Tats are part of the indigenous peoples of Iranian origin in the Caucasus.BOOK, H., Pilkington, Islam in Post-Soviet Russia – Among other indigenous peoples of Iranian origin were the Tats, the Talishes and the Kurds, Psychology Press, 27 November 2002, 27,books.google.com/books?id=mAfS-PFRLYkC&pg=PA27, 9780203217696, 20 June 2015,web.archive.org/web/20160624100814/https://books.google.com/books?id=mAfS-PFRLYkC&pg=PA27, 24 June 2016, live, R. Khanam,“Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia:P-Z, Volume 1”, Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2005. pg 746:“The contemporary Tats are the descendants of an Iranian-speaking population sent out of Persia by the dynasty of the Sasanids in the fifth to sixth centuries.“BOOK, T. M. Masti︠u︡gina, Lev Perepelkin, VitaliÄ­ ViÍ¡a︡cheslavovich Naumkin, An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-Revolutionary Times to the Present – The Iranian Peoples (Ossetians, Tajiks, Tats, Mountain Judaists), Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, 80,books.google.com/books?id=xd3ZnfyRgncC&pg=PA80, 9780313293153, 20 June 2015,web.archive.org/web/20160729084724/https://books.google.com/books?id=xd3ZnfyRgncC&pg=PA80, 29 July 2016, live, Tats use the Tat language, a southwestern Iranian language and a variety of PersianGernot Windfuhr, “Persian Grammar: history and state of its study”, Walter de Gruyter, 1979. pg 4:“”Tat- Persian spoken in the East Caucasus“”V. Minorsky, “Tat” in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38.V. Minorsky, “Tat” in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38. Excerpt: Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features“WEB,scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0, It is a comparison of the verbal systems of three varieties of Persian—standard Persian, tat, tajik, Google Scholar, 2016-05-08,scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0," title="web.archive.org/web/20130917055925scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0,">web.archive.org/web/20130917055925scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=+It+is+a+comparison+of+the+verbal+systems+of+three+varieties+of+Persian%E2%80%94standard+Persian%2C+tat%2C+tajik&as_sdt=80000000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0, 2013-09-17, live, Borjian, Habib, “Tabari Language Materials from Il’ya Berezin’s Recherches sur les dialectes persans”, Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 10, Number 2, 2006, pp. 243–258(16). Excerpt:“It embraces Gilani, Ta- lysh, Tabari, Kurdish, Gabri, and the Tati Persian of the Caucasus, all but the last belonging to the north-western group of Iranian language.” Azerbaijani and Russian are also spoken. Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a significant Sunni Muslim minority. Likely the ancestors of modern Tats settled in South Caucasus when the Sassanid Empire from the 3rd to 7th centuries built cities and founded military garrisons to strengthen their positions in this region.V. Minorsky. A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th–11th Centuries

Parsis

The Parsis are the close-knit Zoroastrian community based primarily in India but also found in Pakistan. Parsis are descended from Persian Zoroastrians who emigrated to the Indian subcontinent over 1,000 years ago. Indian census data (2001) records 69,601 Parsis in India, with a concentration in and around the city of Mumbai (previously known as Bombay). There are approximately 8,000 Parsis elsewhere on the subcontinent, with an estimated 2,500 Parsis in the city of Karachi and approximately 50 Parsi families in Sri Lanka. The number of Parsis worldwide is estimated to be fewer than 100,000 (Eliade, 1991:254).

Iranis

In Pakistan and India, the term “Irani” has come to denote Iranian Zoroastrians who have migrated to Pakistan and India within the last two centuries, as opposed to most Parsis who arrived in India over 1000 years ago. Many of them moved during the Qajar era, when persecution of Iranian Zoroastrians was rampant. They are culturally and linguistically closer to the Zoroastrians of Iran. Unlike the Parsis, they speak a Dari dialect, the language spoken by the Iranian Zoroastrians in Yazd and Kerman. Their last names often resemble modern Iranian names, however Irani is a common surname among them. In India they are mostly located in modern-day Mumbai while in Pakistan they are mostly located in modern-day Karachi. In both Pakistan and India, they are famous for their restaurants and tea-houses.WEB,www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134, What sets Zoroastrian Iranis apart – Persian Journal Culture Archaeological History Art Archaeology cultural history news & Iranian culture newspaper, 27 March 2008,www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134," title="web.archive.org/web/20071219092207www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134,">web.archive.org/web/20071219092207www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134, 19 December 2007, dead, Some, such as Ardeshir Irani, have also become very famous in cinema.

Ajam (Bahrain)

The “Ajam” are an ethnic community of Bahrain, of Iranian origin. They have traditionally been merchants living in specific quarters of Manama and Muharraq. The Iranians who adhere to Shiite sect of Islam are Ajam, and they are different from the Huwala. Ajams are also a large percentage of the populace in UAE, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman.In addition to this, many names of ancient villages in Bahrain are of Persian origin. It is believed that these names were given during the Safavid rule of Bahrain (1501–1722). i.e. Karbabad, Salmabad, Karzakan, Duraz, Barbar, which indicates that the history of Ajams is much older.

Huwala

Huwala are the descendants of Persians and Arab-Persians who belong to the Sunni sect of Islam.WEB,theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/730/1/Taqi10.pdf, Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait, Newcastle University, 2010, 11, 12 July 2013,web.archive.org/web/20131019130212/https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/730/1/Taqi10.pdf, 19 October 2013, dead, Huwala migrated from Ahvaz in Iran to the Persian Gulf in the seventeenth and eighteenth century.BOOK, Farmanfarmaian, Roxane, War and Peace in Qajar Persia, Routledge, 2008, 128, 978-0415421195,

Recent immigration

{{anchor|Immigration}}Most of the large Circassian migrational waves towards mainland Iran stem from the Safavid and Qajar era, however a certain amount also stem from the relatively recent arrivals that migrated as the Circassians were displaced from the Caucasus in the 19th century. A Black African population exists due to historical slavery.A substantial number of Russians arrived in the early 20th century as refugees from the Russian Revolution, but their number has dwindled following the Iran crisis of 1946 and the Iranian Revolution.In the 20th to 21st centuries, there has been limited immigration to Iran from Turkey, Iraq (especially huge numbers during the 1970s known as Moaveds), Afghanistan (mostly arriving as refugees in 1978), Lebanon (especially in Qom, though a Lebanese community has been present in the nation for centuries),India (mostly arriving temporarily during the 1950s to 1970s, typically working as doctors, engineers, and teachers), Korea (mostly in the 1970s as labour migrants), China (mostly since the 2000s working in engineering or business projects), and Pakistan, partly due to labour migrants and partly to Balochi ties across the Iranian-Pakistani border.About 200,000 Iraqis arrived as refugees in 2003,{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} mostly living in refugee camps near the border; an unknown number of these has since returned to Iraq.Over the same period, there has also been substantial emigration from Iran, especially since the Iranian revolution (see Iranian diaspora, Human capital flight from Iran, Jewish exodus from Iran), especiallyto the United States, Canada, Germany, Israel, and Sweden.{{Immigration to Iran}}

See also

• Culture of Iran
• Economy of Iran
• Education in Iran
• Ethnic groups in West Asia
• Health care in Iran
  • Family planning in Iran
• Human rights in Iran
• Human capital flight from Iran
• Immigration to Iran
• Iranian names
• Social class in Iran
• Women in Iran
• List of Iranians

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

{{commons category}}

• www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133" title="web.archive.org/web/20141226020501www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133">Statistical Center of Iran
• BBC – Iran in Maps – Map of Iranian ethnic groups & population density
• Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home – Migration Information Institute (2006)
• hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_IRN.html" title="web.archive.org/web/20100529152454hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_IRN.html">Human Development Report – 2009 (UNDP Iran’s entry)

{{Ethnic groups in Iran}}{{Immigration to Iran}}{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}