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Rudy Giuliani
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{{short description|American attorney and politician (born 1944)}}{{pp|reason=WP:ACDS/AP2; requested at |small=yes}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}{{Very long|date=April 2024}}{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
| factoids | |
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- {{marriage|Regina Peruggi|1968|1982|end=divorced{edih}
- {{marriage|Donna Hanover|1984|2002|end=divorced}}
- {{marriage|Judith Nathan|2003|2019|end=divorced}}
Early life
Giuliani was born in 1944 in the East Flatbush section when it was an Italian-American enclave in New York City's borough of Brooklyn. He is the only child of working-class parents Helen (née D'Avanzo; 1909–2002) and Harold Angelo Giuliani (1908–1981), both children of Italian immigrants.NEWS, Danielle, Burton, 10 Things You Didn't Know About Rudy Giuliani,weblink U.S. News & World Report, February 7, 2007, June 21, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070318154505weblink">weblink March 18, 2007, Giuliani is of Tuscan descent on his father's side, as his paternal grandparents (Rodolfo and Evangelina Giuliani) were born in Montecatini Terme, Tuscany, Italy.MAGAZINE, August 13, 2007, Boyer, Peter J.,weblink live, Mayberry Man: Is what New York never liked about Rudy Giuliani exactly what the heartland loves?, The New Yorker,weblink March 27, 2018, February 21, 2023, He was raised a Roman Catholic.WEB, Fairchild, Mary,weblink Presidential Candidate Rudy Giuliani, About.com, June 22, 2010, September 14, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100914201420weblink">weblink January 30, 2008, dead, Harold Giuliani, a plumber and a bartender,BOOK, Barrett, Wayne, Rudy!: An Investigative Biography Of Rudy Giuliani, March 2001, Basic Books, 978-0465005246, May 26, 2023,weblink May 26, 2023,weblink live, had trouble holding a job, was convicted of felony assault and robbery, and served prison time in Sing Sing.NEWS,weblink February 18, 2002,weblink" title="archive.today/20020507095035weblink">weblink dead, May 7, 2002, Rudy Giuliani: The Long View of Leadership, Bock, Wally, Wally Bock's Monday Memo, October 26, 2007, Once released, he worked as an enforcer for his brother-in-law Leo D'Avanzo, who operated an organized crime-affiliated loan sharking and gambling ring at a restaurant in Brooklyn.NEWS,weblink live, Thug Life, Barrett, Wayne, Wayne Barrett, July 4, 2000, The Village Voice,weblink July 24, 2017, March 12, 2018, The couple lived in East Flatbush until Harold died of prostate cancer in 1981.NEWS, The New York Daily News, September 9, 2002,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161009141112weblink">weblink Rudy's Mother Dies: Ex-Mayor was at her side at the end, October 9, 2016, live, Lisa, Colangelo, Amy, Sacks, Dave, Goldiner, July 8, 2022, When Giuliani was seven years old, his family moved from Brooklyn to Garden City South, where he attended the local Catholic school, St. Anne's.JOURNAL,weblink Rudy Giuliani: America's Mayor, Mott, Gordon, Cigar Aficionado, October 26, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071024211549weblink">weblink October 24, 2007, Later, he commuted back to Brooklyn to attend Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School, graduating in 1961.NEWS,weblink live, A Readers' Guide to the Good Stuff From Rudy!, Barrett, Wayne, July 11, 2000, The Village Voice,weblink November 19, 2015, May 24, 2023, Giuliani attended Manhattan College in Riverdale, Bronx, where he majored in political science with a minor in philosophyNEWS, Bearak, Barry, Fisher, Ian, October 19, 1997, A Mercurial Mayor's Confident Journey,weblink The New York Times, June 10, 2007, February 7, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110207060827weblink">weblink live, and considered becoming a priest.Giuliani was elected president of his class in his sophomore year, but was not re-elected in his junior year. He joined the Phi Rho Pi college forensic fraternity and honor society. He graduated in 1965. Giuliani decided to forgo the priesthood and instead attended the New York University School of Law in Manhattan, where he was a member of the NYU Law Review and graduated cum laude with a Juris Doctor degree in 1968.WEB,weblink A Biography of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani, New York City, November 18, 2006, November 15, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061115202615weblink">weblink dead, Giuliani started his political life as a Democrat. He volunteered for Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968. He also worked as a Democratic Party committeeman on Long Island in the mid-1960sPRESS RELEASE,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080725173611weblink">weblink live, DNC Statement on Giuiliani's Potential Presidential Bid, November 13, 2006, July 25, 2008, p2008.org, May 26, 2023, NEWS, Jack, Newfield,weblink live, The Full Rudy: The Man, the Mayor, the Myth, The Nation, May 30, 2002,weblink June 2, 2007, September 28, 2022, and voted for George McGovern for president in 1972.NEWS,weblink live, Robert, Polner, What an anti-Giuliani ad should say, Salon.com, March 13, 2007,weblink November 19, 2015, May 24, 2023,Legal career
File:Reagan Contact Sheet C20382 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani greeting President Ronald ReaganRonald ReaganUpon graduation from law school, Giuliani clerked for Judge Lloyd Francis MacMahon, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York.BOOK, Giuliani, Rudy, 2002, Leadership,weblink registration, Hyperion, 978-0-7868-6841-4, Giuliani did not serve in the military during the Vietnam War. His conscription was deferred while he was enrolled at Manhattan College and NYU Law. Upon graduation from the latter in 1968, he was classified 1-A (available for military service), but in 1969 he was reclassified 2-A (essential civilian) as Judge MacMahon's law clerk. In 1970, Giuliani was reclassified 1-A but received a high 308 draft lottery number and was not called up for service.NEWS,weblink Rudolf W. Giuliani Vulnerability Study, The Smoking Gun, April 8, 1993, February 12, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070214080330weblink">weblink February 14, 2007, NEWS, The Sunshine Patriots, Tom, Robbins,weblink The Village Voice, August 24, 2004, February 7, 2007, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070204085745weblink">weblink February 4, 2007, Giuliani switched his party registration from Democratic to Independent in 1975. This occurred during a period of time in which he was recruited for a position in Washington, D.C., with the Ford administration: Giuliani served as the associate deputy attorney general and chief of staff to Deputy Attorney General Harold "Ace" Tyler.His first high-profile prosecution was of Democratic U.S. Representative Bertram L. Podell (NY-13), who was convicted of corruption. Podell pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest for accepting more than $41,000 in campaign contributions and legal fees from a Florida airline to obtain federal rights for a Bahama route. Podell, who maintained a legal practice while serving in Congress, said the payments were legitimate legal fees. The Washington Post later reported: "The trial catapulted future New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani to front-page status when, as assistant U.S. attorney, he relentlessly cross-examined an initially calm Rep. Podell. The congressman reportedly grew more flustered and eventually decided to plead guilty."NEWS,weblink Convicted Politician Bertram Podell, 79, The Washington Post, August 22, 2005, April 6, 2023, October 23, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171023115620weblink">weblink live, From 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration, Giuliani practiced law at the Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler law firm, as chief of staff to his former boss, Ace Tyler. In later years, Tyler became "disillusioned" by what Tyler described as Giuliani's time as US Attorney, criticizing several of his prosecutions as "overkill".On December 8, 1980, one month after the election of Ronald Reagan brought Republicans back to power in Washington, he switched his party affiliation from Independent to Republican. Giuliani later said the switches were because he found Democratic policies "naïve", and that "by the time I moved to Washington, the Republicans had come to make more sense to me." Others suggested that the switches were made in order to get positions in the Justice Department. Giuliani's mother maintained in 1988 that he "only became a Republican after he began to get all these jobs from them. He's definitely not a conservative Republican. He thinks he is, but he isn't. He still feels very sorry for the poor."In 1981, Giuliani was named associate attorney general in the Reagan administration,NEWS,weblink Theodore B., Olson, Doing Rudy Justice, National Review, November 7, 2007, November 19, 2015, February 25, 2021,weblink live, the third-highest position in the Department of Justice. As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani supervised the U.S. Attorney Offices' federal law enforcement agencies, the Department of Corrections, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the United States Marshals Service. In a well-publicized 1982 case, Giuliani testified in defense of the federal government's "detention posture" regarding the internment of more than 2,000 Haitian asylum seekers who had entered the country illegally. The U.S. government disputed the assertion that most of the detainees had fled their country due to political persecution, alleging instead that they were "economic migrants". In defense of the government's position, Giuliani testified that "political repression, at least in general, does not exist" under President of Haiti Jean-Claude Duvalier's regime.NEWS, UPI,weblink Around the World; U.S. Official Finds No Repression in Haiti, The New York Times, April 3, 1982, April 6, 2023, November 25, 2020,weblink live, In 1983, Giuliani was appointed to be U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, which was technically a demotion but was sought by Giuliani because of his desire to personally litigate cases and because the SDNY is considered the highest-profile United States Attorney's Office in the country and as such is often used by those who have held the position as a springboard for running for public office. It was in this position that he first gained national prominence by prosecuting numerous high-profile cases, resulting in the convictions of Wall Street figures Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken. He also focused on prosecuting drug dealers, organized crime, and corruption in government. He amassed a record of 4,152 convictions and 25 reversals. As a federal prosecutor, Giuliani was credited with bringing the perp walk, parading of suspects in front of the previously alerted media, into common use as a prosecutorial tool.WEB,weblink How to Avoid Letting a 'Perp Walk' Turn Into a Parade, William R., Mitchelson Jr., National Law Journal, March 21, 2006, November 19, 2015, May 11, 2021,weblink live, After Giuliani "patented the perp walk", the tool was used by increasing numbers of prosecutors nationwide.NEWS, Breaking Down the 'Perp Walk',weblink The Wall Street Journal, March 22, 2006, Peter, Lattman, June 1, 2007, August 6, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070806014619weblink">weblink live, Giuliani's critics said that he arranged for people to be arrested but then dropped charges for lack of evidence on high-profile cases rather than going to trial. In a few cases, his arrests of alleged white-collar criminals at their workplaces with charges later dropped or lessened sparked controversy and damaged the reputations of the alleged "perps".MAGAZINE, No more 'perp walks',weblink Joel, Cohen, National Law Journal, August 5, 2002, June 1, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070614015739weblink">weblink June 14, 2007, dead, He said veteran stock trader Richard Wigton, of Kidder, Peabody & Co., was guilty of insider trading; in February 1987 he had officers handcuff Wigton and march him through the company's trading floor, with Wigton in tears. Giuliani had his agents arrest Tim Tabor, a young arbitrageur and former colleague of Wigton, so late that he had to stay overnight in jail before posting bond.NEWS, Heidi, Collins, Allan, Chernoff, Crystal McCrary, Anthony,weblink Body Found in Military Fatigues in Euphrates River; Helmet Boxing; Early Learning in Iraq, CNN, May 23, 2007, Transcripts, April 10, 2018, September 28, 2021,weblink live, Within three months, charges were dropped against both Wigton and Tabor; Giuliani said, "We're not going to go to trial. We're just the tip of the iceberg", but no further charges were forthcoming and the investigation did not end until Giuliani's successor was in place. Giuliani's high-profile raid of the Princeton/Newport firm ended with the defendants having their cases overturned on appeal on the grounds that what they had been convicted of were not crimes.NEWS, Nocera, Joseph, Joe Nocera, August 6, 1995, Junk Bondage,weblink The New York Times, June 8, 2007, November 11, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121111074731weblink">weblink live,Mafia Commission trial
File:Rudolph Giuliani, D.A., NYC (06).jpg|thumb|Giuliani as U. S. Attorney in 1984, as photographed by Bernard GotfrydBernard GotfrydIn the Mafia Commission Trial, which ran from February 25, 1985, through November 19, 1986, Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures, including the heads of New York City's so-called "Five Families", under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) on charges including extortion, labor racketeering, and murder for hire. Time magazine called this "case of cases" possibly "the most significant assault on the infrastructure of organized crime since the high command of the Chicago Mafia was swept away in 1943", and quoted Giuliani's stated intention: "Our approach is to wipe out the five families."NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071204023051weblink">weblink dead, December 4, 2007, The Passionate Prosecutor, November 15, 2006, Stengel, Richard, June 24, 2001, Time, Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano evaded conviction when he and his underboss Thomas Bilotti were murdered on the streets of midtown Manhattan on December 16, 1985. However, three heads of the Five Families were sentenced to 100 years in prison on January 13, 1987.NEWS, Lubasch, Arnold H.,weblink U.S. Jury Convicts Eight as Members of Mob Commission, The New York Times, November 20, 1986, August 2, 2015, September 26, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150926142512weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Lubasch, Arnold H.,weblink Judge Sentences 8 Mafia Leaders to Prison Terms, The New York Times, January 14, 1987, August 2, 2015, May 24, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150524210855weblink">weblink live, Genovese and Colombo leaders, Tony Salerno and Carmine Persico, received additional sentences in separate trials, with 70-year and 39-year sentences to run consecutively. He was assisted by three Assistant United States Attorneys: Michael Chertoff, the eventual second United States Secretary of Homeland Security and co-author of the Patriot Act; John Savarese, now a partner at Wachtell Lipton Rosen & Katz; and Gil Childers, a later deputy chief of the criminal division for the Southern District of New York and now managing director in the legal department at Goldman Sachs.According to an FBI memo revealed in 2007, leaders of the Five Families voted in late 1986 on whether to issue a contract for Giuliani's death.NEWS, John, Sullivan, Crime Bosses Considered Hit on Giuliani,weblink The New York Times The Caucus blog, October 5, 2018, May 3, 2018, June 30, 2022,weblink live, Heads of the Lucchese, Bonanno, and Genovese families rejected the idea, though Colombo and Gambino leaders, Carmine Persico and John Gotti, encouraged assassination.WEB,weblink Mob Murder FAQ: Do Mafioso ever put out contracts on law enforcement officials?, National Geographic Society,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160529073059weblink">weblink August 25, 2013, May 29, 2016, In 2014, it was revealed by former Sicilian Mafia member and informant Rosario Naimo that Salvatore Riina, a notorious Sicilian Mafia leader, had ordered a murder contract on Giuliani during the mid-1980s. Riina allegedly was suspicious of Giuliani's efforts prosecuting the American Mafia and was worried that he might have spoken with Italian anti-Mafia prosecutors and politicians, including Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, who were both murdered in 1992 in separate car bombings.NEWS, Giovanni Falcone, who has died aged 53, spent most of his life doggedly fighting the mafiosi responsible for murdering him.,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090529013600weblink">weblink dead, May 29, 2009, The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph, May 25, 1992, May 19, 2018, NEWS, Obituary: Paolo Borsellino, Wolfgang, Achtner,weblink The Independent, July 20, 1992, May 19, 2018, June 12, 2018,weblink live, According to Giuliani, the Sicilian Mafia offered $800,000 for his death during his first year as mayor of New York in 1994.NEWS, Sicilian mafia 'plotted to kill' former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani, Nick, Squires,weblink February 28, 2014,weblink January 10, 2022, subscription, live, The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph, May 3, 2018, {{cbignore}}NEWS, Rudy Giuliani says mafia put $800,000 bounty on his head – but ex-New York mayor admits Islamist terrorists scare him more than the mob,weblink November 28, 2013, The Independent, John, Hall, May 3, 2018, November 27, 2021,weblink live,Boesky, Milken trials
Ivan Boesky, a Wall Street arbitrageur who had amassed a fortune of about $200{{spaces}}million by betting on corporate takeovers, was originally investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for making investments based on tips received from corporate insiders, leading the way for the US Attorney's Office of the Southern District of New York to investigate as well. These stock and options acquisitions were sometimes brazen, with massive purchases occurring only a few days before a corporation announced a takeover. Although insider trading of this kind was illegal, laws prohibiting it were rarely enforced until Boesky was prosecuted. Boesky cooperated with the SEC and informed on several others, including junk bond trader Michael Milken. Per agreement with Giuliani, Boesky received a {{frac|3|1|2}}-year prison sentence along with a $100{{spaces}}million fine.WEB,weblink Ivan Boesky, Trumbore, Brian, BUYandHOLD, November 15, 2006, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061111092843weblink">weblink November 11, 2006, In 1989, Giuliani charged Milken under the RICO Act with 98 counts of racketeering and fraud. In a highly publicized case, Milken was indicted by a grand jury on these charges.NEWS, Labaton, Stephen,weblink 'Junk Bond' Leader Is Indicted by U.s. in Criminal Action, The New York Times, March 30, 1989, August 3, 2015, September 21, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150921194702weblink">weblink live,Current legal practice
In June 2021 Giuliani had his license to practice law suspended in the state of New York, pending an investigation related to his efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election.NEWS, June 24, 2021, Rudolph Giuliani is suspended from law practice in New York state, Reuters, Jonathan, Stempel,weblink July 7, 2021, July 3, 2021,weblink live, NEWS, Polantz, Katelyn, July 7, 2021, Rudy Giuliani suspended from practicing law in Washington, DC, CNN,weblink July 7, 2021, July 7, 2021,weblink live,Mayoral campaigns
Giuliani was U.S. Attorney until January 1989, resigning as the Reagan administration ended. He garnered criticism until he left office for his handling of cases and was accused of prosecuting cases to further his political ambitions. He joined the law firm White & Case in New York City as a partner. He remained with White & Case until May 1990, when he joined the law firm Anderson Kill Olick & Oshinsky, also in New York City.WEB,weblink Rudolph W. Giuliani,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071215121807weblink">weblink July 8, 2022, December 15, 2007, Bracewell & Giuliani,1989
File:Bush Contact Sheet P06586 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani greeting President George H. W. BushGeorge H. W. BushGiuliani first ran for New York City mayor in 1989, when he attempted to unseat three-term incumbent Ed Koch. He won the September 1989 Republican Party primary election against business magnate Ronald Lauder in a campaign marked by claims that Giuliani was not a true Republican after an acrimonious debate between the two men.NEWS, Katharine Q., Seeley,weblink In G.O.P. Debate Today, Which Tack for Giuliani?, The New York Times, May 3, 2007, March 31, 2008, November 24, 2020,weblink live, In the Democratic primary, Koch was upset by Manhattan Borough president David Dinkins.In the general election, Giuliani ran as the fusion candidate of both the Republican and the Liberal parties. The Conservative Party, which had often co-lined the Republican party candidate, withheld support from Giuliani and ran Lauder instead.NEWS, Frank, Lynn,weblink Giuliani Files{{spaces, 2 Challenges To Take Lauder off Ballot |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 21, 1989 |access-date=March 30, 2007 |archive-date=September 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921084115weblink |url-status=live }} Conservative Party leaders were unhappy with Giuliani on ideological grounds. They cited the Liberal Party's endorsement statement that Giuliani "agreed with the Liberal Party's views on affirmative action, gay rights, gun control, school prayer, and tuition tax credits".NEWS, McKinley, James C. Jr.,weblink Liberal Party Backs Giuliani, The New York Times, April 9, 1989, August 3, 2015, May 25, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150525113017weblink">weblink live, During two televised debates, Giuliani framed himself as an agent of change, saying, "I'm the reformer,"NEWS, Sam, Roberts,weblink In Their First Debate, Dinkins and Giuliani Go At It, Gently, The New York Times, November 5, 1989, June 24, 2007, July 8, 2022,weblink live, that "If we keep going merrily along, this city's going down," and that electing Dinkins would represent "more of the same, more of the rotten politics that have been dragging us down". Giuliani pointed out that Dinkins had not filed a tax return for many years and several other ethical missteps, in particular a stock transfer to his son. Dinkins filed several years of returns and said the tax matter had been fully paid off. He denied other wrongdoing, saying that "what we need is a mayor, not a prosecutor" and that Giuliani refused to say "the R-word{{snd}}he doesn't like to admit he's a Republican". Dinkins won the endorsements of three of the four daily New York newspapers, while Giuliani won approval from the New York Post.WEB,weblink David Dinkins Elected First Black Mayor of New York, AfroTimes, November 11, 1989,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120509173630weblink">weblink Clint, Wilson, May 9, 2012, May 24, 2023, In the end, Giuliani lost to Dinkins by a margin of 47,080 votes out of 1,899,845 votes cast, in the closest election in New York City's history. The closeness of the race was particularly noteworthy, considering the small percentage of New York City residents who are registered Republicans, and it resulted in Giuliani being the presumptive nominee for a rematch with Dinkins at the next election.1993
Four years after his defeat to Dinkins, Giuliani again ran for mayor. Once again, Giuliani also ran on the Liberal Party line but not the Conservative Party line, which ran activist George Marlin.INTERVIEW, George, Marlin,weblink Q&A: George Marlin,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080319040015weblink">weblink March 19, 2008, The New York Sun, March 21, 2007, June 24, 2007, Although crime had begun to fall during the Dinkins administration,*BOOK, Gary M., Klass, Just Plain Data Analysis: Finding, Presenting, and Interpreting Social Science Data, 2012, 2nd, 52–53, Rowman & Littlefield, 9781442215085,weblink May 24, 2023, May 22, 2023,weblink live,- BOOK, Randol, Contreras,weblink The Stickup Kids, Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream, University of California Press, 2012, 110, 9780520953574, May 24, 2023, November 7, 2023,weblink live, Giuliani's campaign capitalized on the perception that crime was uncontrolled in the city following events such as the Crown Heights riot and the Family Red Apple boycott.BOOK,weblink John H., Mollenkopf, A Phoenix in the Ashes: The Rise and Fall of the Koch Coalition in New York City Politics, Princeton University Press, 1994, 218, 9780691036731, May 24, 2023, May 25, 2023,weblink live, NEWS,weblink May 24, 2023, Record Year for Killings Jolts Officials in New York, The New York Times, December 31, 1990, Lorch, Donatella, January 25, 2022,weblink live, The year prior to the election, Giuliani was a key speaker at a Patrolmen's Benevolent Association rally opposing Dinkins, in which Giuliani blamed the police department's low morale on Dinkins' leadership. The rally quickly devolved into a riot, with nearly 4,000 off-duty police officers storming the City Hall and blocking traffic on the Brooklyn Bridge.MAGAZINE,weblink White Riot In 1992, thousands of furious, drunken cops descended on City Hall – and changed New York history, Nahmias, Laura, The New Yorker, October 4, 2021, January 21, 2022, January 21, 2022,weblink live,
1997
Giuliani's opponent in 1997 was Democratic Manhattan Borough president Ruth Messinger, who had beaten Al Sharpton in the September 9, 1997, Democratic primary.WEB,weblink Justin, Oppmann, May 24, 2023, Giuliani Wins With Ease, CNN, November 4, 2007, September 25, 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200925234015weblink">weblink live, In the general election, Giuliani once again had the Liberal Party and not the Conservative Party listing. Giuliani ran an aggressive campaign, parlaying his image as a tough leader who had cleaned up the city. Giuliani's popularity was at its highest point to date, with a late October 1997 Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll showing him as having a 68 percent approval rating; 70 percent of New Yorkers were satisfied with life in the city and 64 percent said things were better in the city compared to four years previously.WEB,weblink Giuliani Approval, Satisfaction With City Hit New Highs, Quinnipiac College Poll Finds; Mayor's Lead Over Messinger Nears 2–1, Quinnipiac University, October 29, 1997, November 19, 2015, November 20, 2015,weblink dead, Throughout the campaign he was well ahead in the polls and had a strong fund-raising advantage over Messinger. On her part, Messinger lost the support of several usually Democratic constituencies, including gay organizations and large labor unions.NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070930050256weblink">weblink dead, September 30, 2007, The Last of the Liberals, Peter, Beinart, Peter Beinart, November 10, 1997, August 16, 2016, Time, The local daily newspapers{{snd}}The New York Times, Daily News, New York Post and Newsday{{snd}}all endorsed Giuliani over Messinger.WEB, Norimitsu, Onishi,weblink Giuliani Goes After Voters In Messinger's Stronghold, The New York Times, October 27, 1997, June 24, 2007, November 2, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121102100033weblink">weblink live, In the end, Giuliani won 58% of the vote to Messinger's 41%, becoming the first registered Republican to win a second term as mayor while on the Republican line since Fiorello H. La Guardia in 1941. Voter turnout was the lowest in twelve years, with 38% of registered voters casting ballots.WEB, Adam, Nagourney, Adam Nagourney,weblink The 1997 Elections: The Overview; Giuliani Sweeps To Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds On By A Razor-Thin Margin, The New York Times, November 5, 1997, June 24, 2007, August 11, 2023,weblink live, The margin of victory included gainsNEWS, David, Firestone,weblink The 1997 Elections: The Voters; Big Victory, But Gains For Mayor Are Modest, The New York Times, November 6, 1997, June 24, 2007, January 21, 2023,weblink live, in his share of the African American vote (20% compared to 1993's 5%) and the Hispanic vote (43% from 37%) while maintaining his base of white ethnic and Catholic and Jewish voters from 1993.Mayoralty
File:Bill Clinton and Rudy Giuliani.jpg|thumb|right|Rudy Giuliani with President Bill ClintonBill ClintonGiuliani served as mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001.Law enforcement
In Giuliani's first term as mayor, the New York City Police Department{{snd}}at the instigation of Commissioner Bill Bratton{{snd}}adopted an aggressive enforcement/deterrent strategy based on James Q. Wilson's "broken windows" approach. This involved crackdowns on relatively minor offenses such as graffiti, turnstile jumping, cannabis possession, and aggressive panhandling by "squeegee men", on the theory that this would send a message that order would be maintained.BOOK, Christopher M., Donner, Crime prevention,weblink 390–395, Wilbur R., Miller, The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia, Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi, London, SAGE Publications, 2012, 9781412988780,weblink July 8, 2020, November 7, 2023,weblink live, The legal underpinning for removing the "squeegee men" from the streets was developed under Giuliani's predecessor, Mayor David Dinkins. Bratton, with Deputy Commissioner Jack Maple, also created and instituted CompStat, a computer-driven comparative statistical approach to mapping crime geographically and in terms of emerging criminal patterns, as well as charting officer performance by quantifying criminal apprehensions.WEB,weblink Raymond, Dussault, Jack Maple: Betting on Intelligence, August 12, 2010, GovTech, August 16, 2016, September 11, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160911120503weblink">weblink live, Critics of the system assert that it creates an environment in which police officials are encouraged to underreport or otherwise manipulate crime data. An extensive study found a high correlation between crime rates reported by the police through CompStat and rates of crime available from other sources, suggesting there had been no manipulation.WEB, Patrick A., Langan, Matthew R., Durose, Bureau of Justice Statistics,weblink The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City, October 21, 2004, December 5, 2006, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090215053748weblink">weblink February 15, 2009, The CompStat initiative won the 1996 Innovations in Government Award from Harvard Kennedy School.WEB, Compstat: A Crime Reduction Management Tool,weblink Harvard Kennedy School Ash Center, July 4, 2017, October 31, 2017,weblink live, File:Giuliani crime rate.png|thumb|300px|left|National, New York City, and other major city crime rates (1990–2002).WEB,weblink Uniform Crime Reports, (Federal Bureau of Investigation]], October 24, 2004, dead,weblink October 24, 2004, These data are from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports; most of the recent ones are online. Under the header, "Crime in the United States", click on a year, then use Table 6. Data from pre-1995 is from the same FBI publication, Crime in the United States, in hardcover book.)During Giuliani's administration, crime rates dropped in New York City. The extent to which Giuliani deserves the credit is disputed.JOURNAL, Steven Levitt, Levitt, Steven D., Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that do Not, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004, 18, 163–190, 10.1257/089533004773563485, free, Crime rates in New York City had started to drop in 1991 under previous mayor David Dinkins, three years before Giuliani took office.BOOK,weblink Towards a Safer Society: The Knowledge Contribution of Statistical Information, Linda Laura Sabbadini, Maria Giuseppina Muratore, Giovanna Tagliacozzo, 2009, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Rome, 978-88-458-1640-6, The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City, Patrick A., Langan, Matthew R., Durose, 131–174, December 2003, May 7, 2018, According to NYPD statistical analysis, crime in New York City took a downturn starting around 1990 that continued for many years, shattering all the city's old records for consecutive-year declines in crime rates. [See also Appendix: Tables 1–2.], May 7, 2018,weblink dead, BOOK,weblink A Mayor's Life: Governing New York's Gorgeous Mosaic, David N., Dinkins, David Dinkins, Peter, Knobler, PublicAffairs Books, 2013, 978-1-61039-301-0, May 24, 2017, registration, A small nationwide drop in crime preceded Giuliani's election, and some critics say he may have been the beneficiary of a trend already in progress. Additional contributing factors to the overall decline in New York City crime during the 1990s were the addition of 7,000 officers to the NYPD, lobbied for and hired by the Dinkins administration, and an overall improvement in the national economy.NEWS, Roberts, Sam, As Police Force Adds to Ranks, Some Promises Still Unfulfilled,weblink The New York Times, August 7, 1994, en, May 23, 2023, November 24, 2020,weblink live, Changing demographics were a key factor contributing to crime rate reductions, which were similar across the country during this time.JOURNAL, 10.1177/0011128799045002001,weblink Zero Tolerance: A Case Study of Police Policies and Practices in New York City,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20050217094819weblink">weblink February 17, 2005, December 5, 2006, 1999, Greene, Judith A., Crime & Delinquency, 45, 2, 171–187, 145304955, subscription, Because the crime index is based on that of the FBI, which is self-reported by police departments, some have alleged that crimes were shifted into categories the FBI does not collect.BOOK, Rudy! An Investigative Biography of Rudolph Giuliani, Wayne, Barrett, March 2001, 9780465005246,weblink 363, Basic Books, May 23, 2023, The proportion of the decline in index assaults attributable to the two categories most susceptible to ambiguous classification–strong-arm and street–dovetails with the inexplicably disproportionate rise in non-index felony assault arrests. The only explanation for these simultaneous trends is an effort to artificially shift assaults out of index classifications and into categories no one in the media ever notices., June 22, 2023,weblink live, Sociologist Frank Zimring, in his 2006 book The Great American Crime Decline, claimed that "up to half of New York's crime drop in the 1990s, and virtually 100 percent of its continuing crime decline since 2000, has resulted from policing."BOOK, Zimring, Franklin E., The Great American Crime Decline (Studies in Crime and Public Policy), Oxford University Press, November 3, 2006, 272, 978-0-19-518115-9,weblink May 29, 2023, May 29, 2023,weblink live, Bratton was featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1996.MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060717175615weblink">weblink dead, July 17, 2006, Finally, We're Winning The War Against Crime. Here's Why, Time (magazine), Time, January 15, 1996, May 25, 2017, Giuliani reportedly forced Bratton out after two years, in what was seen as a battle of two large egos in which Giuliani was not tolerant of Bratton's celebrity.MAGAZINE,weblink Repeat Defender, November 22, 2000, New York (magazine), New York, Jason, Zengerie, July 5, 2017, Bratton{{spaces, ... became embroiled in a battle of egos with Giuliani, and after just 27 months as police commissioner, the mayor forced him out. |archive-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051637weblink |url-status=live }}NEWS,weblink The New York Times, The Caucus, March 8, 2007, Giuliani Mends Fences With Bratton, Richard, Pérez-Peña, Richard Pérez-Peña, July 5, 2017, a pair of outsized talents and egos whose relationship crumbled;{{spaces, ... administration that prized unwavering loyalty to the mayor could not stomach Mr. Bratton's celebrity; Bratton left the job after just two years{{snd}}it was generally acknowledged that he was forced out |archive-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403052041weblink |url-status=live }} Bratton went on to become chief of the Los Angeles Police Department.NEWS, Richard, Pérez-Peña, Richard Pérez-Peña,weblink Giuliani Courts Former Partner and Antagonist, The New York Times, March 9, 2007, March 14, 2007, January 15, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130115104415weblink">weblink live, Giuliani's term also saw allegations of civil rights abuses and other police misconduct under other commissioners after Bratton's departure. There were police shootings of unarmed suspects,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20000830022741weblink">weblink dead, August 30, 2000, NYC Police Shootings 1999, July 9, 2000, saxakali.com, December 5, 2006, and the scandals surrounding the torture of Abner Louima and the killings of Amadou Diallo, Gidone BuschNEWS, Newman, Andy, August 31, 1999,weblink Disturbed Man Wielding A Hammer Is Killed By Police In Brooklyn, The New York Times, Many residents also demanded to know why Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani, who has enjoyed strong support in the city's Hasidic neighborhoods, did not go to Brooklyn last night to address their concerns. Their anger could pose a delicate political challenge for the Mayor, who has generally been a staunch defender of the Police Department, June 25, 2018, June 25, 2018,weblink live, and Patrick Dorismond. Giuliani supported the New York City Police Department, by releasing, for example, what he called Dorismond's "extensive criminal record" to the public, including a sealed juvenile file.NEWS,weblink CNN, Giuliani, New York police under fire after shooting of unarmed man, March 19, 2000, December 5, 2006, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060627193331weblink">weblink June 27, 2006,City services
The Giuliani administration advocated the privatization of the city's public schools, which he called "dysfunctional", and the reduction of state funding for them. He advocated a voucher-based system to promote private schooling.WEB,weblink Rudy Giuliani on Education, On The Issues, August 16, 2016, October 29, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161029120651weblink">weblink live, Giuliani supported protection for illegal immigrants. He continued a policy of preventing city employees from contacting the Immigration and Naturalization Service about immigration violations, on the grounds that illegal aliens should be able to take actions such as sending their children to school or reporting crimes to the police without fear of deportation.WEB,weblink Officials: Let illegal immigrants report crimes, USA Today, December 5, 2007,weblink February 10, 2008, May 29, 2023, During his mayoralty, gay and lesbian New Yorkers received domestic partnership rights. Giuliani induced the city's Democratic-controlled New York City Council, which had avoided the issue for years, to pass legislation providing broad protection for same-sex partners. In 1998, he codified local law by granting all city employees equal benefits for their domestic partners.NEWS,weblink What will Rudy say to his gay friends?, February 26, 2004, Salon.com, Eric, Boehlert, Eric Boehlert, isebrand.com, May 24, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090502061244weblink">weblink May 2, 2009,2000 U.S. Senate campaign
(File:Rudy Giuliani speaking.jpg|thumb|left|Giuliani campaigned for Senate in 2000 before withdrawing after being diagnosed with cancer)With term limits, Giuliani was ineligible to run in 2001 for a third term as mayor. In November 1998, four-term incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement and Giuliani immediately indicated an interest in running in the 2000 election for the now-open seat. Because of his high profile and visibility, Giuliani was supported by the state Republican Party. Giuliani's entrance led Democratic Congressman Charles Rangel and others to recruit then-First Lady Hillary Clinton to run for Moynihan's seat, hoping she might combat his star power.In April 1999, Giuliani formed an exploratory committee in connection with the Senate run. By January 2000, polling for the race showed Giuliani nine points ahead of Clinton, in part because his campaign was able to take advantage of several campaign stumbles by Clinton.NEWS,weblink Losing the Women, Lee M., Miringoff, The New York Times, January 31, 2000, September 27, 2007, November 2, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121102082349weblink">weblink live, In March 2000, however, the New York Police Department's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond inflamed Giuliani's strained relations with the city's minority communities,BOOK, Gerth, Jeff, Jeff Gerth, Don Jr., Van Natta, Don Van Natta Jr., Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton, 2007, Little, Brown and Company, New York, 978-0-316-01742-8,weblink 211, 21 December 2023, and Clinton seized on it as a major campaign issue. By April 2000, reports showed Clinton gaining upstate and generally outworking Giuliani, who said his duties as mayor prevented him from campaigning more.NEWS,weblink Despite Polls, Giuliani Says That He Won't Alter His Campaign Style, Nagourney, Adam, The New York Times, April 8, 2000, September 27, 2007, Adam Nagourney, November 2, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121102082413weblink">weblink live, Clinton was now eight to ten points ahead of Giuliani in the polls.Then followed four tumultuous weeks in which Giuliani learned he had prostate cancer and needed treatment; his extramarital relationship with Judith Nathan became public and the subject of a media frenzy; and he announced a separation from his wife Donna Hanover. After much indecision, on May 19, Giuliani announced his withdrawal from the Senate race.NEWS, Bumiller, Elisabeth, Elisabeth Bumiller,weblink Giuliani Quits Race for Senate, and G.O.P. Rallies Around Lazio, The New York Times, May 20, 2000, August 3, 2015, March 5, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160305202329weblink">weblink live,September 11 terrorist attacks
File:Rumsfeld and Giuliani at Ground Zero.jpg|thumb|right|Donald RumsfeldDonald RumsfeldResponse
Giuliani received nationwide attention in the aftermath of the September{{spaces}}11 attacks. He made frequent appearances on radio and television on September{{spaces}}11 and afterwards{{snd}}for example, to indicate that tunnels would be closed as a precautionary measure, and that there was no reason to believe the dispersion of chemical or biological weaponry into the air was a factor in the attack. In his public statements, Giuliani said:{{blockquote|Tomorrow New York is going to be here. And we're going to rebuild, and we're going to be stronger than we were before{{spaces}}... I want the people of New York to be an example to the rest of the country, and the rest of the world, that terrorism can't stop us.}}The 9/11 attacks occurred on the scheduled date of the mayoral primary to select the Democratic and Republican candidates to succeed Giuliani. The primary was immediately delayed two weeks to September 25. During this period, Giuliani sought an unprecedented three-month emergency extension of his term from January{{spaces}}1 to April{{spaces}}1 under the New York State Constitution (Article{{spaces}}3, Section 25).WEB, Article III, Section 25: Continuity of state and local governmental operations in periods of emergency,weblink Constitution of New York,weblink nysenate.gov, live, May 25, 2023, May 25, 2023, In October 2000, he had considered supporting city council efforts to remove their own term limits, though was not in favor of ending consecutive mayoral term limits.NEWS,weblink Giuliani Says He Would Consider Abolishing Term Limits for City Council, October 13, 2000, The New York Times, Thomas J., Lueck, September 10, 2022, September 11, 2022,weblink live, In the end, leaders in the State Assembly and Senate indicated that they did not believe the extension was necessary. The election proceeded as scheduled, and the winning candidate, the Giuliani-endorsed Republican convert Michael Bloomberg, took office on January 1, 2002, per normal custom.Giuliani said he had been at the Ground Zero site "as often, if not more, than most workers{{spaces}}... I was there working with them. I was exposed to exactly the same things they were exposed to. So in that sense, I'm one of them." Some 9/11 workers have objected to those claims.NEWS,weblink 9/11 workers outraged by new Rudy claim, Katz, Celeste, New York Daily News, August 10, 2007, October 5, 2007, October 28, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071028135844weblink">weblink live, NEWS,weblink Giuliani in firing line, Quaid, Libby, Sunday Herald Sun (Australia), August 12, 2007, October 5, 2007, November 5, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071105092705weblink">weblink dead, NEWS, Giuliani's 'I'm one of them' remark angers 9-11 workers, Dan, Sewell, The Cincinnati Post, Associated Press, August 10, 2007, A1,weblink April 19, 2008, November 10, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131110080330weblink">weblink live, While his appointment logs were unavailable for the six days immediately following the attacks, Giuliani logged 29 hours at the site over three months beginning September 17. This contrasted with recovery workers at the site who spent this much time at the site in two to three days.NEWS,weblink Buettner, Russ, For Giuliani, Ground Zero as Linchpin and Thorn, The New York Times, August 17, 2007, October 5, 2007, January 16, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180116170955weblink">weblink live, (File:Rudy Giuliani at a NYFPC briefing.jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani at a NYFPC briefing after 9/11)When Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal suggested the attacks were an indication that the United States "should re-examine its policies in the Middle East and adopt a more balanced stand toward the Palestinian cause," Giuliani asserted, "There is no moral equivalent for this act. There is no justification for it{{spaces}}... And one of the reasons I think this happened is because people were engaged in moral equivalency in not understanding the difference between liberal democracies like the United States, like Israel, and terrorist states and those who condone terrorism. So I think not only are those statements wrong, they're part of the problem." Giuliani subsequently rejected the prince's $10{{spaces}}million donation to disaster relief in the aftermath of the attack.NEWS,weblink Giuliani rejects $10 million from Saudi prince, CNN, October 12, 2001, October 5, 2007, live,weblink December 9, 2007,Criticism and communications problems
Giuliani has been widely criticized for his decision to locate the Office of Emergency Management headquarters on the 23rd floor inside the 7 World Trade Center building. Those opposing the decision perceived the office as a target for a terrorist attack in light of the previous terrorist attack against the World Trade Center in 1993.WEB, World Trade Center: Profile, cooperativeresearch.org,weblink June 12, 2007, dead,weblink September 30, 2007, NEWS, The Grand Illusion: The untold story of Rudy Giuliani and 9/11,weblink Wayne, Barentt, Wayne Barrett, Dan, Collins, Dan Collins (journalist), The Village Voice, September 2006, September 6, 2006, September 1, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060901013040weblink">weblink dead, The office was unable to coordinate efforts between police and firefighters properly while evacuating its headquarters.NEWS, Jarrett, Murphy, December 5, 2005, The Village Voice, Open and Shut,weblink June 12, 2007, dead,weblink June 11, 2007, Large tanks of diesel fuel were placed in 7{{spaces}}World Trade to power the command center. In May 1997, Giuliani put responsibility for selecting the location on Jerome M. Hauer, who had served under Giuliani from 1996 to 2000 before being appointed by him as New York City's first director of emergency management. Hauer has taken exception to that account in interviews and provided Fox News and New York Magazine with a memo demonstrating that he recommended a location in Brooklyn but was overruled by Giuliani. Television journalist Chris Wallace interviewed Giuliani on May 13, 2007, about his 1997 decision to locate the command center at the World Trade Center. Giuliani laughed during Wallace's questions and said that Hauer recommended the World Trade Center site and that Hauer said the WTC site was the best location. Wallace presented Giuliani a photocopy of Hauer's directive letter. The letter urged Giuliani to locate the command center in Brooklyn, instead of lower Manhattan.NEWS,weblink Transcript: Rudy Giuliani on Fox News Sunday, May 14, 2007, September 29, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071010042606weblink">weblink October 10, 2007, foxnews.com, dead, WEB,weblink Robert, Greenwald, The REAL Rudy: Command Center, September 6, 2007, 21 December 2023, NEWS, Onetime Giuliani Insider Is Now a Critic,weblink The New York Times, Russ, Buettner, May 22, 2007, June 12, 2007, June 5, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150605084325weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Angry Giuliani Aide Lashes Back,weblink The New York Times, May 15, 2007, June 12, 2007, December 8, 2022,weblink live, NEWS, Wayne, Barrett, Dan, Collins, The Real Rudy: From the September print issue: The image of Rudy Giuliani as the hero of September 11 has never been seriously challenged. That changes now, The American Prospect, September 11, 2006,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071011193601weblink">weblink October 11, 2007, The February 1996 memo read, "The [Brooklyn] building is secure and not as visible a target as buildings in Lower Manhattan."NEWS, Giuliani Blames Aide for Poor Emergency Planning,weblink May 15, 2007, Intelligencer (website), Intelligencer, Lloyd, Grove, June 12, 2007, November 6, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181106211753weblink">weblink live, File:911- President George W. Bush Addresses Joint Session of Congress, 09-20-2001. (6124236379).jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani, on right, at a joint session of Congress on September 20, 2001, in which President Bush praised his efforts as mayor and named Tom RidgeTom RidgeIn January 2008, an eight-page memo was revealed which detailed the New York City Police Department's opposition in 1998 to the location of the city's emergency command center at the Trade Center site. The Giuliani administration overrode these concerns.NEWS,weblink Memo Details Objections to Command Center Site, Rashbaum, William K., January 26, 2008, Politics (sec.), The New York Times, January 27, 2008, April 29, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110429220102weblink">weblink live, The 9/11 Commission Report noted that lack of preparedness could have led to the deaths of first responders at the scene of the attacks. The commission noted that the radios in use by the fire department were the same radios which had been criticized for their ineffectiveness following the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. Family members of 9/11 victims have said these radios were a complaint of emergency services responders for years.NEWS, Rudy gets earful at stop here: Some FDNY survivors rally against him,weblink New York Daily News, April 24, 2007, David, Saltonstall, June 12, 2007, May 27, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070527080857weblink">weblink live, The radios were not working when Fire Department chiefs ordered the 343 firefighters inside the towers to evacuate, and they remained in the towers as the towers collapsed.NEWS,weblink Video: Giuliani's 'Hero' Reputation Burned?, ABC News, August 16, 2016, May 22, 2011,weblink dead, NEWS,weblink NY firefighters attack Giuliani, July 12, 2007, BBC News, August 16, 2016, December 18, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071218154719weblink">weblink live, However, when Giuliani testified before the 9/11 Commission he said the firefighters ignored the evacuation order out of an effort to save lives.MAGAZINE, Kevin, Baker, A Fate Worse than Bush: Rudy Giuliani and the Politics of Personality,weblink kevinbaker.info, Harper's Magazine, August 2007, 37, May 29, 2023, June 22, 2023,weblink live, citing BOOK, Jim, Dwyer, Kevin, Flynn, 102 Minutes, Times Books, 2002, Giuliani testified to the commission, where some family members of responders who had died in the attacks appeared to protest his statements.NEWS, Giuliani Faces 9/11 Questions, Larry, McShane, March 30, 2007,weblink The Guardian, London, June 12, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070506073310weblink">weblink May 6, 2007, dead, A 1994 mayoral office study of the radios indicated that they were faulty. Replacement radios were purchased in a $33{{spaces}}million no-bid contract with Motorola, and implemented in early 2001. However, the radios were recalled in March 2001 after a probationary firefighter's calls for help at a house fire could not be picked up by others at the scene, leaving firemen with the old analog radios from 1993.NEWS, Richard, Steier, The Chief (New York newspaper), The Chief-Leader,weblink Razzle Dazzle: Rudy Ducking and Running, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090721004626weblink">weblink June 8, 2007, July 21, 2009, A book later published by Commission members Thomas Kean and Lee H. Hamilton, Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission, argued that the commission had not pursued a tough enough line of questioning with Giuliani.NEWS, 9/11 Commissioners Say They Went Easy on Giuliani to Avoid Public's Anger,weblink The New York Times, Timothy, Williams, August 6, 2006, June 12, 2007, December 11, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081211024942weblink">weblink live, An October 2001 study by the National Institute of Environmental Safety and Health said cleanup workers lacked adequate protective gear.NEWS, Barrett, Wayne, Rudy Giuliani's 5 Big Lies About 9/11: On the Stump, Rudy Can't Help Spreading Smoke and Ashes About His Dubious Record, The Village Voice, August 8, 2007, 35–36,weblink 21 December 2023, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070812224514weblink">weblink August 12, 2007, WEB, Amy, Goodman, Amy Goodman,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071115002115weblink">weblink live, New Yorkers Tell Federal Officials To Stop Ignoring 9/11's Health Effects, Democracy Now!, November 15, 2007, 21 December 2023,Public reaction
Giuliani gained international attention in the wake of the attacks and was widely hailed for his leadership role during the crisis.NEWS,weblink Rudolph Giuliani – America's Mayor: Review of The Prince of the City: Giuliani, New York and the Genius of American Life By Fred Siegel, The Economist, July 28, 2005, November 15, 2006, October 11, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071011213920weblink">weblink live, [subscription site] Polls taken just six weeks after the attack showed a 79 percent approval rating among New York City voters. This was a dramatic increase over the 36 percent rating he had received a year earlier, which was an average at the end of a two-term mayorship.WEB,weblink Quinnipiac University Poll, Quinnipiac University, October 24, 2001, March 4, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070903214211weblink">weblink September 3, 2007, WEB,weblink Quinnipiac University Poll, Quinnipiac University, March 2, 2000, November 30, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080113212734weblink">weblink January 13, 2008, Oprah Winfrey called him "America's Mayor" at a 9/11 memorial service held at Yankee Stadium on September 23, 2001.WEB,weblink City Mourns at Stadium Prayer Service, November 15, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061109013723weblink">weblink November 9, 2006, interfaithalliance.org, Giuliani was praised by some for his close involvement with the rescue and recovery efforts, but others argue that "Giuliani has exaggerated the role he played after the terrorist attacks, casting himself as a hero for political gain."NEWS,weblink Among Firefighters in New York, Mixed Views on Giuliani, Wilson, Michael, Hammer, Kate, Lee, Trymaine, Sweeney, Matthew, June 17, 2007, Politics (sec.), The New York Times, December 1, 2007, May 8, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170508130904weblink">weblink live, Giuliani has collected $11.4{{spaces}}million from speaking fees in a single year (with increased demand after the attacks).NEWS,weblink WBBM-TV, Many Wonder, Did Giuliani Profit From 9/11?, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071011192033weblink">weblink October 11, 2007, Before September{{spaces}}11, Giuliani's assets were estimated to be somewhat less than $2{{spaces}}million, but his net worth could now be as high as 30 times that amount.NEWS,weblink Wealth Is a Common Factor Among GOP Hopefuls, The New York Times, May 17, 2007, David D., Kirkpatrick, May 25, 2017, December 16, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161216225958weblink">weblink live, He has made most of his money since leaving office.NEWS, Solomon, John, Mosk, Matthew,weblink In Private Sector, Giuliani Parlayed Fame Into Wealth, The Washington Post, May 13, 2007, August 3, 2015, September 4, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150904014216weblink">weblink live,Time Person of the Year
On December 24, 2001,NEWS, December 24, 2001, Rudy Giuliani: 'Time's Person of the Year', Mornings with Paula Zahn,weblink CNN Transcripts, August 16, 2016, October 17, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121017165828weblink">weblink live, Time magazine named Giuliani its Person of the Year for 2001.NEWS,weblink Mayor of the world, Pooley, Eric, Time, December 31, 2001, October 5, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070814040941weblink">weblink August 14, 2007, Time observed that, before 9/11, Giuliani's public image had been that of a rigid, self-righteous, ambitious politician. After 9/11, and perhaps owing also to his bout with prostate cancer, his public image became that of a man who could be counted on to unite a city in the midst of its greatest crisis. Historian Vincent J. Cannato concluded in September 2006:{{blockquote|With time, Giuliani's legacy will be based on more than just 9/11. He left a city immeasurably better off{{snd}}safer, more prosperous, more confident{{snd}}than the one he had inherited eight years earlier, even with the smoldering ruins of the World Trade Center at its heart. Debates about his accomplishments will continue, but the significance of his mayoralty is hard to deny.NEWS,weblink Crisis Management, Vincent J., Cannato, September 3, 2006, The Washington Post, August 16, 2016, December 25, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171225020131weblink">weblink live, }}Aftermath
File:Rudy Giuliani New York After 9-11.jpg|thumb|right|Thomas Von EssenThomas Von EssenFor his leadership on and after September 11, Giuliani was given an honorary knighthood (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II on February 13, 2002.NEWS,weblink Giuliani joins a distinguished club, CNN, Reynolds, Dylan, February 13, 2002, November 6, 2007, October 8, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071008182559weblink">weblink live, Giuliani initially downplayed the health effects arising from the September 11 attacks in the Financial District and lower Manhattan areas in the vicinity of the World Trade Center site.NEWS, Ben, Smith, Rudy's Black Cloud, New York Daily News, September 18, 2006, 14,weblink May 23, 2023, June 26, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120626023055weblink">weblink live, He moved quickly to reopen Wall Street, and it was reopened on September 17. In the first month after the attacks, he said "The air quality is safe and acceptable."NEWS, Anita, Gates, Buildings Rise from Rubble while Health Crumbles,weblink The New York Times, September 11, 2006, May 23, 2023, June 5, 2023,weblink live, , reporting on the documentary "Dust to Dust: The Health Effects of 9/11"File:Giuliani Powell.jpg|thumb|left|Giuliani and Secretary of State Colin PowellColin PowellGiuliani took control away from agencies such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Army Corps of Engineers and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, leaving the "largely unknown" city Department of Design and Construction in charge of recovery and cleanup. Documents indicate that the Giuliani administration never enforced federal requirements requiring the wearing of respirators. Concurrently, the administration threatened companies with dismissal if cleanup work slowed.NEWS, Anthony, DePalma,weblink Ground Zero Illness Clouding Giuliani's Legacy, The New York Times, May 14, 2007, February 12, 2017, November 24, 2020,weblink live, In June 2007, Christie Todd Whitman, former Republican governor of New Jersey and director of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), reportedly said the EPA had pushed for workers at the WTC site to wear respirators but she had been blocked by Giuliani. She said she believed the subsequent lung disease and deaths suffered by WTC responders were a result of these actions.NEWS,weblink Christie blasts Rudy on WTC air, New York Daily News, August 16, 2016, November 19, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071119014816weblink">weblink June 23, 2007, Adam, Nichols, dead, However, former deputy mayor Joe Lhota, then with the Giuliani campaign, replied, "All workers at Ground Zero were instructed repeatedly to wear their respirators."NEWS, Murray, Mark, Pushing Back Against Whitman, June 25, 2007,weblink July 9, 2007, dead,weblink November 10, 2007, Giuliani asked the city's Congressional delegation to limit the city's liability for Ground Zero illnesses to a total of $350{{spaces}}million. Two years after Giuliani finished his term, FEMA appropriated $1{{spaces}}billion to a special insurance fund, called the World Trade Center Captive Insurance Company, to protect the city against 9/11 lawsuits.In February 2007, the International Association of Fire Fighters issued a letter asserting that Giuliani rushed to conclude the recovery effort once gold and silver had been recovered from World Trade Center vaults and thereby prevented the remains of many victims from being recovered: "Mayor Giuliani's actions meant that fire fighters and citizens who perished would either remain buried at Ground Zero forever, with no closure for families, or be removed like garbage and deposited at the Fresh Kills Landfill," it said, adding: "Hundreds remained entombed in Ground Zero when Giuliani gave up on them."NEWS, Associated Press,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070404003924weblink">weblink dead, Firefighters union assails Giuliani, CNN, April 4, 2007, Lawyers for the International Association of Fire Fighters seek to interview Giuliani under oath as part of a federal legal action alleging that New York City negligently dumped body parts and other human remains in the Fresh Kills Landfill.NEWS,weblink Giuliani foes see another side to his 9/11 activities, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070621112054weblink">weblink June 21, 2007, Peter, Wallsten, May 24, 2017,Post-mayoralty political career
Before 2008 election
File:Giuliani Bush.jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani and President George W. BushGeorge W. BushSince leaving office as mayor, Giuliani has remained politically active by campaigning for Republican candidates for political offices at all levels. When George Pataki became governor in 1995, this represented the first time the positions of both mayor and governor were held simultaneously by Republicans since John Lindsay and Nelson Rockefeller. Giuliani and Pataki were instrumental in bringing the 2004 Republican National Convention to New York City.PRESS RELEASE,weblink Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Rnc Chairman Marc Racicot Sign City-Site Agreement for 2004 Republican National Convention, January 31, 2003, New York City, August 16, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150926001922weblink">weblink September 26, 2015, dead, He was a speaker at the convention, and endorsed President George W. Bush for re-election by recalling that immediately after the World Trade Center towers fell,{{blockquote|Without really thinking, based on just emotion, spontaneous, I grabbed the arm of then-Police Commissioner Bernard Kerik, and I said to him, 'Bernie, thank God George Bush is our president.'NEWS,weblink Giuliani: 'Thank God that George Bush is our president', CNN, August 31, 2004, November 19, 2015, March 5, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160305023549weblink">weblink live, }}Similarly, in June 2006, Giuliani started a website called Solutions America to help elect Republican candidates across the nation.After campaigning on Bush's behalf in the U.S. presidential election of 2004, he was reportedly the top choice for Secretary of Homeland Security after Tom Ridge's resignation. When suggestions were made that Giuliani's confirmation hearings would be marred by details of his past affairs and scandals, he turned down the offer and instead recommended his friend and former New York Police Commissioner Bernard Kerik. After the formal announcement of Kerik's nomination, information about Kerik's past{{snd}}most notably, that he had ties to organized crime, had failed to properly report gifts he had received, had been sued for sexual harassment and had employed an undocumented alien as a domestic servant{{snd}}became known, and Kerik withdrew his nomination.NEWS, Bernstein, Nina, Stein, Robin,weblink Mystery Woman in Kerik Case: Nanny, The New York Times, December 16, 2004, August 3, 2015, September 21, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150921232542weblink">weblink live, File:Rudy Giuliani ribbon-cutting ceremony.jpg|thumb|right|Giuliani cutting the ribbon of the new Drug Enforcement Administration mobile museum in Dallas, Texas, in September 2003]]On March 15, 2006, Congress formed the Iraq Study Group (ISG). This bipartisan ten-person panel, of which Giuliani was one of the members, was charged with assessing the Iraq War and making recommendations. They would eventually unanimously conclude that contrary to Bush administration assertions, "The situation in Iraq is grave and deteriorating" and called for "changes in the primary mission" that would allow "the United States to begin to move its forces out of Iraq".WEB,weblink Iraq Study Group report, December 6, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090601191410weblink">weblink June 1, 2009, James A., Baker, James Baker, Lee H., Hamilton, Lee H. Hamilton, Lawrence S., Eagleburger, Lawrence Eagleburger, Vernon E. Jr., Jordan, Vernon Jordan, Edwin III, Meese, Edwin Meese, Sandra Day, O'Connor, Sandra Day O'Connor, Leon E., Panetta, Leon Panetta, William J., Perry, William J. Perry, Charles S., Robb, Chuck Robb, Alan K., Simpson, Alan K. Simpson, United States Institute of Peace, May 25, 2017, On May 24, 2006, after missing all the group's meetings,WEB, Craig, Gordon, June 18, 2007,weblink dead, Rudy missing in action for Iraq panel, Newsday, 20 December 2023,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070621145811weblink">weblink June 21, 2007, including a briefing from General David Petraeus, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and former Army Chief of Staff Eric Shinseki,MAGAZINE, Amanda, Ripley, Amanda Ripley,weblink Mr. Tough Talk, Time, September 3, 2007, 31,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080402010041weblink">weblink April 2, 2008, 20 December 2023, Giuliani resigned from the panel, citing "previous time commitments".PRESS RELEASE, Edwin Meese Replaces Rudolph Giuliani on Iraq Study Group, United States Institute of Peace,weblink May 31, 2006, March 4, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070214215114weblink">weblink February 14, 2007, Giuliani's fundraising schedule had kept him from participating in the panel, a schedule which raised $11.4{{spaces}}million in speaking fees over fourteen months, and that Giuliani had been forced to resign after being given "an ultimatum to either show up for meetings or leave the group" by group leader James Baker.NEWS, Marc, Santora, May 17, 2023,weblink Giuliani Left Group on Iraq After Warning, Article Says, The New York Times, June 20, 2007, November 24, 2020,weblink live, Giuliani subsequently said he had started thinking about running for president, and being on the panel might give it a political spin.WEB, Fred, Kaplan, Fred Kaplan (journalist),weblink The Man Who Knows Too Little: What Rudy Giuliani's Greedy Decision to Quit the Iraq Study Group Reveals about his Candidacy, Slate, June 21, 2007, March 19, 2021, August 11, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110811000146weblink">weblink live, Giuliani was described by Newsweek in January 2007 as "one of the most consistent cheerleaders for the president's handling of the war in Iraq"WEB,weblink More Campaign Troubles for Giuliani, Newsweek,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070108152027weblink">weblink January 8, 2007, 21 December 2023, and as of June 2007, he remained one of the few candidates for president to unequivocally support both the basis for the invasion and the execution of the war.NEWS,weblink Giuliani: Iraq war 'absolutely the right thing to do', June 5, 2007, CNN, August 16, 2016, August 18, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160818062732weblink">weblink dead, Giuliani spoke in support of the removal of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK, also PMOI, MKO) from the United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.NEWS, GOP leaders criticize Obama's Iran policy in rally for opposition group,weblink Edward, Cody, December 23, 2010, June 30, 2022, The Washington Post, January 31, 2022,weblink live, The group was on the State Department list from 1997 until September 2012. They were placed on the list for killing six Americans in Iran during the 1970s and attempting to attack the Iranian mission to the United Nations in 1992.NEWS,weblink September 28, 2012, Iranian exile group removed from U.S. terror list, CNN, August 16, 2016, September 29, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120929031444weblink">weblink live, PRESS RELEASE, September 28, 2012,weblink Delisting of the Mujahedin-e Khalq, United States Department of State, August 16, 2016, January 30, 2017,weblink live, NEWS, Daniel, Benjamin, November 23, 2016, June 30, 2022,weblink Giuliani Took Money from a Group That Killed Americans. Does Trump Care?, Politico Magazine, April 24, 2022,weblink live, Giuliani, along with other former government officials and politicians Ed Rendell, R. James Woolsey, Porter Goss, Louis Freeh, Michael Mukasey, James L. Jones, Tom Ridge, and Howard Dean, were criticized for their involvement with the group. Giuliani and others reportedly received tens of thousands of dollars in speaking fees to advocate for the MEK;NEWS,weblink For Obscure Iranian Exile Group, Broad Support in U.S., The New York Times, November 26, 2011, Shane, Scott, June 30, 2022, December 18, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161218095650weblink">weblink live, NEWS,weblink Giuliani was paid advocate for shady Iranian dissident group, The Washington Post, November 15, 2016, Josh, Rogin, It's illegal for American citizens to do business with a group designated as a foreign terrorist organization., June 30, 2022, January 10, 2022,weblink live, JOURNAL,weblink Iranian group's big-money push to get off US terrorist list, Christian Science Monitor, August 8, 2011, Scott, Peterson, June 30, 2022, August 13, 2018,weblink live, some were subpoenaed during an inquiry about who was paying the prominent individuals' speaking fees.NEWS, Scott, Shane,weblink U.S. Supporters of Iranian Group Face Scrutiny, March 13, 2012, The New York Times, August 16, 2016, February 6, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180206092940weblink">weblink live, Several commentators wrote that under the PATRIOT Act, these people could be potentially prosecuted for providing material support for terrorism,WEB,weblink Giuliani, Dean Paid to Advocate for Terrorist Group, ThinkProgress, May 13, 2011, Matt, Duss, June 30, 2022, July 10, 2022,weblink live, WEB, Adam, Serwer,weblink Did Rudy Giuliani Offer a Terrorist Group Material Support?, January 3, 2011, The American Prospect, June 30, 2022, July 29, 2021,weblink live, a claim Giuliani denied.WEB,weblink Rudy Giuliani Denies Supporting Terrorist Organization, CBS News, January 10, 2011, June 30, 2022, Brian, Montopoli, June 14, 2021,weblink live, Giuliani and others wrote an article for the conservative publication National Review stating their position that the group should not be classified as a terrorist organization. They supported their position by pointing out that the United Kingdom and the European Union had already removed the group from their terrorism lists. They further assert that only the United States and Iran still listed it as a terrorist group.NEWS,weblink MEK Is Not a Terrorist Group, National Review, January 10, 2011, November 19, 2015, Michael B., Mukasey, Tom, Ridge, Rudolph, Giuliani, Frances Fragos, Townsend, June 9, 2022,weblink live, However, Canada did not delist the group until December 2012.NEWS,weblink Canada drops Iranian group MEK from terror list, CBC News, December 20, 2012, November 19, 2015, November 20, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151120121629weblink">weblink live,2008 presidential campaign
(File:Rudy08.png|right|thumb|Presidential campaign logo)In November 2006, Giuliani announced the formation of an exploratory committee toward a run for the presidency in 2008. In February 2007, he filed a "statement of candidacy" and confirmed on the television program Larry King Live that he was indeed running.NEWS, February 15, 2007,weblink Giuliani 'not confident' war will turn around, CNN, August 16, 2016, March 3, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160303223144weblink">weblink live, File:Rudy Giuliani SDSU.jpg|right|thumb|Giuliani at a rally at San Diego State UniversitySan Diego State UniversityEarly polls showed Giuliani with one of the highest levels of name recognition ever recorded along with high levels of support among the Republican candidates. Throughout most of 2007, he was the leader in most nationwide opinion polling among Republicans. Senator John McCain, who ranked a close second behind the New York Mayor, had faded, and most polls showed Giuliani to have more support than any of the other declared Republican candidates, with only former senator Fred Thompson and former governor Mitt Romney showing greater support in some per-state Republican polls.WEB,weblink WH2008: Republicans, Polling Report, August 16, 2016, June 13, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160613110212weblink">weblink live, On November 7, 2007, Giuliani's campaign received an endorsement from evangelist, Christian Broadcasting Network founder, and past presidential candidate Pat Robertson.NEWS, Paul, Steinhauser, Giuliani, McCain pick up key Christian conservative backing,weblink CNN, November 7, 2007, November 8, 2007, November 9, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071109095102weblink">weblink live, This was viewed by political observers as a possibly key development in the race, as it gave credence that evangelicals and other social conservatives could support Giuliani despite some of his positions on social issues such as abortion and gay rights.NEWS,weblink Pat Robertson endorses Giuliani, NBC News, November 7, 2007, November 7, 2007, June 17, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150617165859weblink">weblink live, Giuliani's campaign hit a difficult stretch during the last two months of 2007, when Bernard Kerik, whom Giuliani had recommended for the position of Secretary of Homeland Security, was indicted on 16 counts of tax fraud and other federal charges.NEWS,weblink A Defiant Kerik Vows to Battle U.S. Indictment, Buettner, Russ, William K., Rashbaum, amp, The New York Times, November 10, 2007, November 10, 2007, April 15, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150415124449weblink">weblink live, The media reported that when Giuliani was the mayor of New York, he billed several tens of thousands of dollars of mayoral security expenses to obscure city agencies. Those expenses were incurred while he visited Judith Nathan, with whom he was having an extramarital affairNEWS,weblink Giuliani billed obscure agencies for trips, Smith, Ben, Politico, November 30, 2007, November 19, 2015, November 20, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151120195410weblink">weblink live, (later analysis showed the billing to likely be unrelated to hiding Nathan).NEWS,weblink Russ, Buettner, Giuliani's shifted money around? Yes. To hide Hamptons trips? Unlikely., The New York Times, December 20, 2007, December 26, 2007, May 14, 2018,weblink live, Several stories were published in the press regarding clients of Giuliani Partners and Bracewell & Giuliani who were in opposition to goals of American foreign policy. Giuliani's national poll numbers began steadily slipping and his unusual strategy of focusing more on later, multi-primary big states rather than the smaller, first-voting states was seen at risk.NEWS,weblink Hospital health scare latest of Giuliani's woes, Agence France-Presse, December 20, 2007, December 21, 2007, dead,weblink January 8, 2008, NEWS,weblink For Giuliani, A Disappointing Fade To Exit, CBS News via CBS Interactive Inc., Brian, Montopoli, January 29, 2008, January 30, 2008, 29 August 2014,weblink live, File:Rudygiuliani1.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Giuliani at a campaign event in Derry, New Hampshire, the day before the New Hampshire primary ]]Despite his strategy, Giuliani competed to a substantial extentNEWS,weblink Jake, Tapper, Jake Tapper, Karen, Travers, Rudy Focused on N.H., Despite Claims, ABC News, January 8, 2008, January 9, 2008, January 12, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080112042555weblink">weblink live, in the January 8, 2008, New Hampshire primary but finished a distant fourth with 9{{spaces}}percent of the vote.NEWS,weblink Election Center 2008: Primary Results for New Hampshire, CNN, January 9, 2008, January 9, 2008, January 8, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080108135337weblink">weblink live, Similar poor results continued in other early contests, when Giuliani's staff went without pay in order to focus all efforts on the crucial late January Florida Republican primary.NEWS,weblink Giuliani Staffers Forgo Paychecks, USA Today, Associated Press, January 11, 2008, August 6, 2015, September 4, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150904014216weblink">weblink dead, The shift of the electorate's focus from national security to the state of the economy also hurt Giuliani, as did the resurgence of McCain's similarly themed campaign. On January 29, 2008, Giuliani finished a distant third in the Florida result with 15{{spaces}}percent of the vote, trailing McCain and Romney.NEWS,weblink McCain wins Florida, Giuliani expected to drop out, CNN, January 30, 2008, March 3, 2008, March 7, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080307045048weblink">weblink live, Facing declining polls and lost leads in the upcoming large Super Tuesday states,WEB,weblink Election 2008: California Republican Presidential Primary California: McCain 24% Romney 17%, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080119110102weblink">weblink January 19, 2008, Rasmussen Reports, January 17, 2008, May 24, 2017, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080119110112weblink">weblink January 19, 2008, New Jersey Republican Presidential Primary New Jersey: McCain 29% Giuliani 27%, Rasmussen Reports, January 17, 2008, July 25, 2012, including that of his home New York,NEWS, Elisabeth, Bumiller, Elisabeth Bumiller,weblink G.O.P. Rivals Open Final Assault in Florida, The New York Times, January 20, 2008, March 19, 2021, November 25, 2020,weblink live, Giuliani withdrew from the race on January 30, endorsing McCain.NEWS,weblink Giuliani, Edwards quit White House Race, January 30, 2008, Reuters, Steve, Holland, January 30, 2008, February 1, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080201110249weblink">weblink live, Giuliani's campaign ended up $3.6{{spaces}}million in arrears,NEWS,weblink Giuliani Plans to Aid Hopefuls, for His Share, Hernandez, Raymond, The New York Times, June 17, 2008, February 12, 2017, November 27, 2020,weblink live, and in June 2008 Giuliani sought to retire the debt by proposing to appear at Republican fundraisers during the 2008 general election, and have part of the proceeds go towards his campaign. During the 2008 Republican National Convention, Giuliani gave a prime-time speech that praised McCain and his running mate, Sarah Palin, while criticizing Democratic nominee Barack Obama. He cited Palin's executive experience as a mayor and governor and belittled Obama's lack of same, and his remarks were met with wild applause from the delegates.NEWS, Giuliani: Palin More Qualified Than Obama,weblink CBS News, August 31, 2008, August 31, 2008, September 1, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080901010714weblink">weblink dead, Giuliani continued to be one of McCain's most active surrogates during the remainder of McCain's eventually unsuccessful campaign.NEWS,weblink Governor Giuliani? Some State Republicans Are Hoping He'll Try, Hakim, Danny, The New York Times, October 18, 2008, December 11, 2008, May 15, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130515163756weblink">weblink live,After 2008 election
Following the end of his presidential campaign, Giuliani's "high appearance fees dropped like a stone".NEWS, Greenbaum, Mark, April 3, 2011,weblink Why Mitch Daniels is the Republican to watch for '12, Salon.com, November 19, 2015, November 20, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151120184041weblink">weblink live, He returned to work at both Giuliani Partners and Bracewell & Giuliani.NEWS,weblink How's Life for Giuliani These Days? Quite Busy, Santora, Marc, The New York Times, August 16, 2008, December 11, 2008, May 15, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130515154201weblink">weblink live, His consultancy work included advising Keiko Fujimori with her presidential campaign during the 2011 Peruvian general election.WEB, Alexander Burns, June 6, 2011, Giuliani loses election – in Peru,weblink February 21, 2021, Politico, en, July 27, 2021,weblink live, Giuliani also explored hosting a syndicated radio show, and was reported to be in talks with Westwood One about replacing Bill O'Reilly before that position went to Fred Thompson (another unsuccessful 2008 GOP presidential primary candidate).NEWS,weblink Republican contenders finally find voice: as radio talk hosts, Ed, Pilkington, December 22, 2008, The Guardian, August 16, 2016, March 14, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160314102238weblink">weblink live, NEWS, Thompson joins talk radio opposition, December 22, 2008, FirstPost,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090209051712weblink">weblink February 9, 2009, 20 December 2023, During the March 2009 AIG bonus payments controversy, Giuliani called for U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner to step down and said the Obama administration lacked executive competence in dealing with the ongoing financial crisis.NEWS,weblink Giuliani Scolds Geithner, Dodd, Sean Hannity, Fox News, March 23, 2009, March 31, 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090328225843weblink">weblink March 28, 2009, dead, (File:USMC-091108-M-0000X-090.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.75|Giuliani gives the keynote speech at the Jumeriah Essex House in honor of the USS New York sailors and Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force 26 Marines on November 8, 2009)Giuliani said his political career was not necessarily over, and did not rule out a 2010 New York gubernatorial or 2012 presidential bid.NEWS,weblink Giuliani won't rule out runs for NY governor or president, CNN, November 16, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081116230133weblink">weblink December 11, 2008, November 16, 2008, A November 2008 Siena College poll indicated that although Governor David Paterson{{snd}}promoted to the office via the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal a year before{{snd}}was popular among New Yorkers, he would have just a slight lead over Giuliani in a hypothetical matchup.NEWS,weblink live, Giuliani gains ground against Paterson in governor's race in recent poll, Lovett, Kenneth, New York Daily News, November 17, 2008,weblink December 11, 2008, October 18, 2012, By February 2009, after the prolonged Senate appointment process, a Siena College poll indicated that Paterson was losing popularity among New Yorkers, and showed Giuliani with a fifteen-point lead in the hypothetical contest.NEWS,weblink New York governor trails rival Cuomo in latest poll, February 24, 2009, Reuters, August 16, 2016, August 22, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160822011659weblink">weblink live, In January 2009, Giuliani said he would not decide on a gubernatorial run for another six to eight months, adding that he thought it would not be fair to the governor to start campaigning early while the governor tries to focus on his job.NEWS,weblink Giuliani says decision on governor's race unlikely before summer, Steinhauser, Paul, CNN, January 13, 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090126060254weblink">weblink January 16, 2009, January 26, 2009, Giuliani worked to retire his presidential campaign debt, but by the end of March 2009 it was still $2.4{{spaces}}million in arrears, the largest such remaining amount for any of the 2008 contenders.NEWS,weblink FEC: Debt for Giuliani, Dodd, Clinton, Vogel, Kenneth P., Politico, April 15, 2009, April 21, 2009, March 7, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160307040606weblink">weblink live, In April 2009, Giuliani strongly opposed Paterson's announced push for same-sex marriage in New York and said it would likely cause a backlash that could put Republicans in statewide office in 2010.NEWS,weblink Gay rights groups angry with Giuliani, April 20, 2009, Politico, Kenneth P., Vogel, June 9, 2023, June 9, 2023,weblink live, By late August 2009, there were still conflicting reports about whether Giuliani was likely to run.NEWS,weblink Doubts cast on Rudy Giuliani governor bid, Isenstadt, Alex, Politico, August 25, 2009, August 25, 2009, September 10, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150910040618weblink">weblink live, On December 23, 2009, Giuliani announced that he would not seek any office in 2010, saying "The main reason has to do with my two enterprises: Bracewell & Giuliani and Giuliani Partners. I'm very busy in both."NEWS,weblink The New York Times, Giuliani Said to Decide Against Run for Governor, Danny, Hakim, November 20, 2009, March 30, 2010, February 25, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120225073848weblink">weblink live, The decisions signaled a possible end to Giuliani's political career.NEWS,weblink Giuliani Says Farewell, for Now, to Politics, Powell, Michael, The New York Times, December 22, 2009, May 25, 2023, May 22, 2023,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani exits national stage, Martin, Jonathan, Smith, Ben, Politico, December 23, 2009, May 25, 2023, May 25, 2023,weblink live, During the 2010 midterm elections, Giuliani endorsed and campaigned for Bob Ehrlich and Marco Rubio.NEWS,weblink live, Giuliani, Bloomberg take sides in Md. race, Hayley, Peterson, September 27, 2010, Washington Examiner,weblink 20 December 2023, 2023-12-20, NEWS,weblink Giuliani backs Rubio over Crist in Florida contest, CNN, Peter, Hamby, April 2, 2010, May 25, 2017, October 17, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161017220831weblink">weblink dead, NEWS,weblink Giuliani endorses Rubio for Senate seat in Fla., NBC News, April 5, 2010,weblink 20 December 2023, 2023-12-20, live, Associated Press, On October 11, 2011, Giuliani announced that he was not running for president. According to Kevin Law, the director of the Long Island Association, Giuliani believed that "As a moderate, he thought it was a pretty significant challenge. He said it's tough to be a moderate and succeed in GOP primaries," Giuliani said "If it's too late for (New Jersey Governor) Chris Christie, it's too late for me."NEWS, Giuliani not running for U.S. president in 2012,weblink Reuters, October 11, 2011, October 15, 2011, February 16, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120216110446weblink">weblink live, At a Republican fund-raising event in February 2015, Giuliani said, "I do not believe, and I know this is a horrible thing to say, but I do not believe that the president Obama loves America," and "He doesn't love you. And he doesn't love me. He wasn't brought up the way you were brought up and I was brought up, through love of this country."NEWS, Haberman, Maggie, Maggie Haberman, Confessore, Nicholas, Nicholas Confessore, Giuliani: Obama Had a White Mother, So I'm Not a Racist,weblink The New York Times, February 20, 2015, February 25, 2015, February 26, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150226014404weblink">weblink live, In response to criticism of the remarks, Giuliani said, "Some people thought it was racist{{snd}}I thought that was a joke, since he was brought up by a white mother{{spaces}}... This isn't racism. This is socialism or possibly anti-colonialism." White House deputy press secretary Eric Schultz said he agreed with Giuliani "that it was a horrible thing to say", but he would leave it up to the people who heard Giuliani directly to assess whether the remarks were appropriate for the event. Although he received some support for his controversial comments, Giuliani said he also received several death threats within 48 hours.NEWS,weblink Darren, Samuelsohn, Ben, Schreckinger, February 21, 2015, Giuliani says he's received death threats over Obama remarks, Politico, August 16, 2016, July 30, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160730231010weblink">weblink live,Relationship with Donald Trump
(File:Rudy Giuliani (28756447363).jpg|right|thumb|Giuliani speaking at a campaign event for Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump on August 31, 2016)Presidential campaign supporter
Giuliani supported Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. He gave a prime time speech during the first night of the 2016 Republican National Convention.NEWS, July 18, 2016, Erin, Kelly,weblink Giuliani blasts Clinton, touts Trump for American security, USA Today, July 28, 2016, July 24, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160724032424weblink">weblink live, Earlier in the day, Giuliani and former 2016 presidential candidate Ben Carson appeared at an event for the pro-Trump Great America PAC.NEWS, July 21, 2016,weblink Trump super PACs battle in Cleveland, Schleifer, Theodore, CNN, July 28, 2016, July 26, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160726093400weblink">weblink live, Giuliani also appeared in a Great America PAC ad entitled "Leadership".WEB, Great America Pac, Leadership 30 sec TV spot, YouTube, July 26, 2016,weblinkweblink December 11, 2021, live, July 28, 2016, {{cbignore}} Giuliani's and Jeff Sessions' appearances were staples at Trump campaign rallies.NEWS, September 1, 2016, Joshua, Partlow, Sean, Sullivan, Karen, DeYoung, Tampa Bay Times,weblink After subdued trip to Mexico, Donald Trump talks tough on immigration in Phoenix, The Washington Post, Trump was joined in the meeting by former New York mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Alabama, who have become fixtures at his campaign rallies., September 11, 2022, November 26, 2020,weblink live, During the campaign, Giuliani praised Trump for his worldwide accomplishments and helping fellow New Yorkers in their time of need.NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani hammers Clinton, pumps up crowd at RNC, July 19, 2016, Eric, Bradner, CNN, July 1, 2022, July 1, 2022,weblink live, He defended Trump against allegations of racism,NEWS,weblink Jonathan, Mahler, Maggie, Haberman, July 1, 2022, For Rudy Giuliani, Embrace of Donald Trump Puts Legacy at Risk, September 9, 2016, The New York Times, November 9, 2020,weblink live, sexual assault,NEWS, Eric, Bradner,weblink Rudy Giuliani on Donald Trump tape: 'Men at times talk like that', CNN, October 9, 2016, May 2, 2018, May 14, 2018,weblink live, and not paying any federal income taxes for as long as two decades.NEWS,weblink Maggie, Haberman, Nicholas, Fandos, July 1, 2022, Donald Trump and His Allies Struggle to Move Past Tax Revelation, October 2, 2016, The New York Times, November 28, 2020,weblink live, In August 2016, Giuliani, while campaigning for Trump, said that in the "eight years before Obama" became president, "we didn't have any successful radical Islamic terrorist attack in the United States". It was noted that 9/11 happened during George W. Bush's first term. PolitiFact brought up four more counter-examples (the 2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting, the 2002 D.C. sniper attacks, the 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting and the 2006 UNC SUV attack) to Giuliani's claim. Giuliani later said he was using "abbreviated language".NEWS, Diamond, Jeremy, Killough, Ashley, Giuliani wrong about terror attacks and Obama,weblink CNN, August 16, 2016, June 7, 2018, June 12, 2018,weblink live, NEWS, Edelman, Adam, Rudy Giuliani blames his use of 'abbreviated' language for 9/11-forgetting gaffe, claim no terror attacks happened 'before Obama came along',weblink New York Daily News, June 7, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160817153347weblink">weblink August 17, 2016, live, August 16, 2016, NEWS, Qiu, Linda, Aside from 9/11, Rudy Giuliani is wrong about no terrorist attacks before Obama,weblink August 16, 2016, PolitiFact, June 7, 2018, July 1, 2022,weblink live, Giuliani was believed to be a likely pick for secretary of state in the Trump administration.NEWS,weblink Rudolph Giuliani's Business Ties Viewed as Red Flag for Secretary of State Job, Mark, Landler, Eric, Lipton, Jo, Becker, November 15, 2016, The New York Times, April 19, 2018, May 3, 2018,weblink live, However, on December 9, 2016, Trump announced that Giuliani had removed his name from consideration for any Cabinet post.NEWS,weblink Trump: No Cabinet post for Rudy Giuliani, CNN, December 9, 2016, Tal, Kopan, Daniella, Diaz, December 10, 2016, December 10, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161210130817weblink">weblink live,Advisor to the president
The president-elect named Giuliani his informal cybersecurity adviser on January 12, 2017.NEWS,weblink Trump names Rudy Giuliani as cybersecurity adviser, Phillip, Abby, Abby Phillip, January 12, 2017, The Washington Post PowerPost blog, January 13, 2017, May 16, 2017,weblink live, The status of this informal role for Giuliani is unclear because, in November 2018, Trump created the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), headed by Christopher Krebs as director and Matthew Travis as deputy. In the weeks following his appointment, Giuliani was forced to consult an Apple Store Genius Bar when he "was locked out of his iPhone because he had forgotten the passcode and entered the wrong one at least 10 times", belying his putative expertise in the field.NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani needed Apple genius help to unlock his iPhone after being named Trump cybersecurity adviser, October 31, 2019, NBC News, Rich, Schapiro, November 18, 2020, November 8, 2020,weblink live, In January 2017, Giuliani said he advised President Trump in matters relating to Executive Order 13769, which barred citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States for 90 days. The order also suspended the admission of all refugees for 120 days.WEB, Ben, King, Judge Jeanine Pirro Rudy Giuliani FULL Interview – 1/28/17, YouTube, January 28, 2017,weblink May 25, 2017, dead,weblink May 21, 2017, File:American politicians at the PMOI event 2018.jpg|thumb|Giuliani, Newt Gingrich, James T. Conway, Bill Richardson and other American politicians at the date=May 2019}}File:President Trump Signs an Act to Permanently Authorize the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (48414393022).jpg|thumb|right|President Donald TrumpDonald TrumpGiuliani has drawn scrutiny over his ties to foreign nations, regarding not registering per the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA).NEWS,weblink Giuliani works for foreign clients while serving as Trump's attorney, Josh, Dawsey, Tom, Hamburger, Ashley, Parker, July 10, 2018, The Washington Post, July 16, 2018, July 17, 2018,weblink live,Personal lawyer
In mid April 2018, Giuliani joined Trump's legal team, which dealt with the special counsel investigation by Robert Mueller into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections. Giuliani said his goal was to negotiate a swift end to the investigation.NEWS,weblink Giuliani joins Trump legal team, Fabian, Jordan, April 19, 2018, The Hill, May 5, 2018, May 6, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180506040002weblink">weblink live, In early May, Giuliani made public that Trump had reimbursed his personal attorney Michael Cohen $130,000 that Cohen had paid to adult-film actress Stormy Daniels for her agreement not to talk about her alleged affair with Trump.NEWS,weblink Giuliani Says Trump Repaid Lawyer For $130,000 Payment To Stormy Daniels, Visser, Nick, May 2, 2018, The Huffington Post, May 5, 2018, May 5, 2018,weblink live, Cohen had earlier insisted he used his own money to pay Daniels, and he implied that he had not been reimbursed.NEWS,weblink Trump lawyer Michael Cohen says he paid Stormy Daniels with his home-equity line, Schouten, Fredreka, March 10, 2018, USA Today, May 5, 2018, May 3, 2018,weblink live, Trump had previously said he knew nothing about the matter.NEWS,weblink Trump says he didn't know about Stormy Daniels payment, Liptak, Kevin, April 6, 2018, CNN, May 5, 2018, May 5, 2018,weblink live, Within a week, Giuliani said some of his own statements regarding this matter were "more rumor than anything else".NEWS, Goldschlag, William, Janison, Dan, Giuliani: I'm still winging it on Trump's Stormy payoff story,weblink May 7, 2018, Newsday, August 13, 2018, September 29, 2022,weblink live, Later in May 2018, Giuliani, who was asked on whether the promotion of the Spygate conspiracy theory is meant to discredit the special counsel investigation, said the investigators "are giving us the material to do it. Of course, we have to do it in defending the president{{spaces}}... it is for public opinion" on whether to "impeach or not impeach" Trump.NEWS,weblink 'It Is for Public Opinion.' Rudy Giuliani May Have Admitted That Trump's 'Spygate' Is a PR Ploy, Bach, Natasha, May 28, 2018, Fortune, May 28, 2018, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180528143124weblink">weblink May 28, 2018, In June 2018, Giuliani said that a sitting president cannot be indicted: "I don't know how you can indict while he's in office. No matter what it is. If President Trump shot [then-FBI director] James Comey, he'd be impeached the next day. Impeach him, and then you can do whatever you want to do to him."NEWS, Date, S.V., Giuliani: Trump Could Have Shot Comey And Still Couldn't Be Indicted For It,weblink The Huffington Post, June 4, 2018, June 4, 2018, June 4, 2018,weblink live, In June 2018, Giuliani also said Trump should not testify to the special counsel investigation because "our recollection keeps changing".NEWS, Vazquez, Maegan, Giuliani says Trump shouldn't testify because 'our recollection keeps changing',weblink CNN, June 3, 2018, June 6, 2018, June 6, 2018,weblink live, In early July, Giuliani characterized that Trump had previously asked Comey to "give him [then-national security adviser Michael Flynn] a break". In mid-August, Giuliani denied making this comment: "What I said was, that is what Comey is saying Trump said."NEWS, Vazquez, Maegan, Giuliani: 'There was no conversation' between Trump and Comey on Flynn,weblink CNN, August 13, 2018, August 14, 2018, August 14, 2018,weblink live, On August 19 on Meet the Press, Giuliani argued that Trump should not testify to the special counsel investigation because Trump could be "trapped into perjury" just by telling "somebody's version of the truth. Not the truth." Giuliani's argument continued: "Truth isn't truth." Giuliani later clarified that he was "referring to the situation where two people make precisely contradictory statements".NEWS, Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani defends 'truth isn't truth' remark,weblink BBC News, August 20, 2018, August 22, 2018, August 22, 2018,weblink live, In late July, Giuliani defended Trump by saying "collusion is not a crime" and that Trump had done nothing wrong because he "didn't hack" or "pay for the hacking".MAGAZINE, Chait, Jonathan, Jonathan Chait, Rudy: Trump Is Innocent Because He Did Not Personally Hack Democratic Emails,weblink Daily Intelligencer, New York (magazine), New York Magazine, July 30, 2018, August 13, 2018, August 13, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180813174904weblink">weblink live, He later elaborated that his comments were a "very, very familiar lawyer's argument" to "attack the legitimacy of the special counsel investigation".NEWS, Blake, Aaron, Rudy Giuliani keeps admitting that he's just saying stuff,weblink The Washington Post, July 31, 2018, August 13, 2018, August 14, 2018,weblink live, He also described and denied several supposed allegations that have never been publicly raised, regarding two earlier meetings among Trump campaign officials to set up the June 9, 2016, Trump Tower meeting with Russian citizens.MAGAZINE, Cassidy, John, What Is Rudy Giuliani Talking About?,weblink The New Yorker, June 30, 2018, August 13, 2018, August 12, 2018,weblink live, NEWS,weblink 'Never happened': Giuliani walks back confusing claim of secret Trump Tower meeting, Morin, Rebecca, July 30, 2018, Politico, August 1, 2018, July 31, 2018,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani Stuns Fox News Hosts With Rambling Account Of Trump Tower Meetings, Miller, Hayley, July 30, 2018, The Huffington Post, August 1, 2018, August 1, 2018,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani's rambling new statements on Michael Cohen and the Trump Tower meeting, decoded, Prokop, Andrew, July 30, 2018, Vox, August 1, 2018, July 31, 2018,weblink live, In late August, Giuliani said the June 9, 2016, Trump Tower "meeting was originally for the purpose of getting information about Hillary Clinton".NEWS, Samuels, Brett, Giuliani: Trump Tower meeting was 'originally for the purpose of getting information about Clinton',weblink The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, August 19, 2018, August 22, 2018, August 21, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180821202244weblink">weblink live, Additionally in late July, Giuliani attacked Trump's former personal lawyer Michael Cohen as an "incredible liar", two months after calling Cohen an "honest, honorable lawyer".MAGAZINE, Krawczyk, Kathryn, Rudy Giuliani called Michael Cohen an 'honest, honorable lawyer' in May. Now, he's an 'incredible liar'.,weblink The Week, July 27, 2018, August 13, 2018, August 12, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180812225023weblink">weblink live, In mid-August, Giuliani defended Trump by saying: "The president's an honest man."MAGAZINE, Kasperowicz, Pete, Rudy Giuliani: No chance Mueller has anything on Trump,weblink The Washington Examiner, August 13, 2018, August 14, 2018, August 14, 2018,weblink live, It was reported in early September that Giuliani said the White House could and likely would prevent the special counsel investigation from making public certain information in its final report which would be covered by executive privilege. Also according to Giuliani, Trump's personal legal team is already preparing a "counter-report" to refute the potential special counsel investigation's report.MAGAZINE, Toobin, Jeffrey, How Rudy Giuliani Turned Into Trump's Clown,weblink The New Yorker, Jeffrey Toobin, September 10, 2018, September 11, 2022, January 6, 2021,weblink live, Giuliani privately urged Trump in 2017 to extradite Fethullah Gülen.NEWS,weblink September 11, 2022, October 15, 2019, Giuliani pressed Trump to eject Muslim cleric from U.S., a top priority of Turkish president, former officials say, Carol D., Leonnig, Ellen, Nakashima, Josh, Dawsey, Tom, Hamburger, The Washington Post, December 25, 2020,weblink live, In late 2019, Giuliani represented Venezuelan businessman Alejandro Betancourt, meeting with the Justice Department to ask not to bring charges against him.NEWS, Helderman, Rosalind S., Barrett, Devlin, Zapotosky, Matt, Hamburger, Tom, November 26, 2019, A wealthy Venezuelan hosted Giuliani as he pursued Ukraine campaign. Then Giuliani lobbied the Justice Department on his behalf., en-US, The Washington Post,weblink November 20, 2020, 0190-8286, November 17, 2020,weblink live, In an interview with Olivia Nuzzi in New York magazine, Giuliani, who is a Roman Catholic of Italian descent, said: "Don't tell me I'm anti-Semitic if I oppose George Soros{{spaces}}... I'm more of a Jew than Soros is." George Soros is a Hungarian-born Jew who survived the Holocaust.NEWS,weblink September 11, 2022, Rudy Giuliani Asks Not To Be Called Anti-Semitic Right Before Saying, 'I'm More of a Jew Than [George] Soros', Eoin, Higgins, Common Dreams, December 23, 2019, August 7, 2020,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani insists he's 'more of a Jew' than George Soros, who survived the Holocaust, Sonam, Seth, Business Insider, December 23, 2019, September 11, 2022, November 25, 2020,weblink live, The Anti-Defamation League replied, "Mr. Giuliani should apologize and retract his comments immediately unless he seeks to dog whistle to hardcore anti-Semites and white supremacists who believe this garbage."NEWS, The Daily Beast, Anti-Defamation League Slams Rudy Giuliani for Claiming George Soros Is 'Hardly a Jew', December 23, 2019, Baragona, Justin,weblink September 11, 2022, September 11, 2022,weblink live, In the last days of the Trump administration, when White House aides were soliciting fees to lobby for presidential pardons,NEWS, Schmidt, Michael S., Vogel, Kenneth P., January 17, 2021, Prospect of Pardons in Final Days Fuels Market to Buy Access to Trump,weblink January 21, 2021, The New York Times, January 20, 2021,weblink live, Giuliani said that while he'd heard that large fees were being offered, he did not work on clemency cases, saying "I have enough money. I'm not starving."As of February 16, 2021, Giuliani was reportedly not actively involved in any of Trump's pending legal cases.NEWS, Acosta, Jim, LeBlanc, Paul, February 18, 2021, Giuliani not currently representing Trump 'in any legal matters,' adviser says,weblink February 19, 2021, CNN, February 27, 2021,weblink live, By 2023, Giuliani had reportedly incurred seven-figure legal fees in cases related to Donald Trump and the attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election. In April 2023, Giuliani and his lawyer Robert Costello met twice with Trump at Mar-a-Lago to ask him for money. In response, a Trump PAC paid $340,000 toward Giuliani's data storage bill.WEB, Dicker, Ron, August 17, 2023, Rudy Giuliani Went To Mar-A-Lago On A Humiliating Mission: CNN,weblink August 17, 2023, HuffPost, en, August 17, 2023,weblink live, WEB, Reid, Paula, 2023-09-07, Giuliani facing millions of dollars in unpaid legal bills ahead of fundraiser hosted by Trump,weblink 2023-09-07, CNN, en, September 7, 2023,weblink live, On February 7, 2024, Giuliani appeared in court for a discussion in his bankruptcy case. He told a U.S. Trustee attorney that he is owed about $2 million by the Trump campaign and the RNC, which "just paid the expenses. Not all, but most. They never paid the legal fees." He said he did not wish to hold Donald Trump personally responsible for this bill.WEB, Blanchet, Ben, 2024-02-08, Rudy Giuliani Makes Big Confession About Trump Campaign In Bankruptcy Court,weblink 2024-02-08, HuffPost, en, February 8, 2024,weblink live,Attempts to get Ukraine to carry out investigations
{{further|Trump–Ukraine scandal}}{{Trump–Ukraine scandal}}Since at least May 2019, Giuliani has been urging Ukraine's newly elected president, Volodymyr Zelensky, to investigate the oil company Burisma, whose board of directors once included Joe Biden's son Hunter Biden,NEWS, Pinkington, Ed, Roth, Andrew,weblink Rudy Giuliani: Ukraine sources detail attempt to construct case against Biden, The Guardian, September 29, 2019, October 2, 2019, October 31, 2019,weblink live, and to check for irregularities in Ukraine's investigation of Paul Manafort. He said such investigations would benefit his client's defense, and that his efforts had Trump's full support.NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani Plans Ukraine Trip to Push for Inquiries That Could Help Trump, Vogel, Kenneth P., May 9, 2019, The New York Times, September 20, 2019, September 4, 2019,weblink live, Toward this end, Giuliani met with Ukrainian officials throughout 2019.NEWS,weblink Trump Repeatedly Pressed Ukraine President to Investigate Biden's Son, Cullison, Alan, September 20, 2019, The Wall Street Journal, September 21, 2019, live,weblink September 21, 2019, Ballhaus, Rebecca, Volz, Dustin, subscription, NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani's Contacts With Former Ukrainian Officials Sought, Rebecca, Ballhaus, Rebecca Davis, O'Brien, The Wall Street Journal, May 1, 2021, July 1, 2022, June 1, 2022,weblink live, NEWS, Stern, David, Ukraine lawmaker seeking Biden probe meets with Giuliani in Kyiv,weblink The Washington Post, December 5, 2019, May 23, 2023, March 27, 2023,weblink live, In July 2019, Buzzfeed News reported that two Soviet-born Americans, Lev ParnasWEB,weblink Meet The Businessman Helping Giuliani Try To Find Dirt On Democrats In Ukraine, Brady, Jeff, September 27, 2019, npr.org, September 28, 2019, September 28, 2019,weblink live, and Igor Fruman, were liaisons between Giuliani and Ukrainian government officials in this effort. Parnas and Fruman, prolific Republican donors, have neither registered as foreign agents in the United States, nor been evaluated and approved by the State Department.WEB, Sallah, Michael, Kozyreva, Tanya, Belford, Aubrey, Two Unofficial US Operatives Reporting To Trump's Lawyer Privately Lobbied A Foreign Government In A Bid To Help The President Win In 2020,weblink Buzzfeed News, July 23, 2019, July 22, 2019, July 22, 2019,weblink live, Giuliani responded, "This (report) is a pathetic effort to cover up what are enormous allegations of criminality by the Biden family."WEB, Budryk, Zack, Ukrainian officials and Giuliani are sharing back-channel campaign information: report,weblink The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, July 23, 2019, July 22, 2019, July 22, 2019,weblink live, Yet by September 2019, there had been no clear evidence of wrongdoing by the Bidens.Multiple sources:- NEWS, Trump: I want to meet my accuser,weblink October 1, 2019, September 30, 2019, Agence France Presse, US President Donald Trump said on Sunday he wants and deserves to meet the anonymous whistleblower at the center of the fast-moving scandal that has triggered an impeachment probe against him{{spaces, ... Brandishing what he said were affidavits incriminating Biden's son Hunter over his work at a Ukrainian company, Giuliani said Trump was duty bound to raise the issue with Kiev. Trump and his allies claim Biden, as Barack Obama's vice president, pressured Kiev to fire the country's top prosecutor to protect his son Hunter, who sat on the board of a gas company, Burisma Holdings, accused of corrupt practices. Those allegations have largely been debunked and there has been no evidence of illegal conduct or wrongdoing in Ukraine by the Bidens. |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001233014weblink |url-status=live }}
- NEWS, Matthias, Williams, Polityuk, Pavel, Zelenskiy opponents say comments about Europeans to Trump could hurt Ukraine,weblink October 1, 2019, Reuters, September 26, 2019, Trump pressed Zelenskiy to investigate the business dealings of the son of his political rival, former vice president Joe Biden, the Democratic front-runner to challenge Trump in an election next year. Zelenskiy agreed. Biden's son Hunter worked for a company drilling for gas in Ukraine. There has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either Biden., October 1, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS, Isachenkov, Vladimir, Ukraine's prosecutor says there is no probe into Biden,weblink October 1, 2019, Associated Press, September 27, 2019, Though the timing raised concerns among anti-corruption advocates, there has been no evidence of wrongdoing by either the former vice president or his son., October 1, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS, White House 'tried to cover up details of Trump-Ukraine call',weblink October 1, 2019, BBC News, September 26, 2019, There is no evidence of any wrongdoing by the Bidens., September 30, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS, Timm, Jane, There's no evidence for Trump's Biden-Ukraine accusations. What really happened?,weblink October 1, 2019, NBC News, September 25, 2019, But despite Trump's continued claims, there's no evidence of wrongdoing on the part of either Biden., October 1, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS,weblink Giuliani Is Said to Be Under Investigation for Ukraine Work, Schmidt, Michael S., October 11, 2019, The New York Times, November 10, 2019, Protess, Ben, en-US, 0362-4331, Vogel, Kenneth P., Rashbaum, William K., October 14, 2022,weblink live,
- NEWS, October 15, 2019,weblink Giuliani was paid $500,000 by company founded by arrested associate, Dawsey, Josh, The Washington Post, en, November 10, 2019, November 20, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS, Karen, Freifeld, Aram, Roston,weblink Exclusive: Trump lawyer Giuliani was paid $500,000 to consult on indicted associate's firm, October 16, 2019, Reuters, November 10, 2019, en, January 31, 2020,weblink live,
- NEWS, Allan, Smith, October 14, 2019,weblink Giuliani says he has 'nothing to do with' oligarch at edges of Trump-Ukraine affair, NBC News, en, November 10, 2019, November 9, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani's relationship with arrested men is subject of criminal investigation: Sources, Katersky, Aaron, October 11, 2019, October 11, 2019, live,weblink October 11, 2019, ABC News, Margolin, Josh,
- WEB,weblink Giuliani says he was paid $500,000 to work for indicted associate's firm Fraud Guarantee, Axios, Rebecca, Falconer, October 15, 2019, en, November 10, 2019, July 1, 2022,weblink live,
- NEWS, October 15, 2019,weblink December 12, 2019, Federal investigators have been looking into Giuliani's dealings in Ukraine since early 2019, Kevin, McCoy, Kevin, Johnson, USA Today, November 12, 2019,weblink live,
- NEWS,weblink Federal Prosecutors Scrutinize Rudy Giuliani's Ukraine Business Dealings, Finances, Viswanatha, Aruna, O'Brien, Rebecca Davis, The Wall Street Journal, en-US, November 10, 2019, Ballhaus, Rebecca, October 15, 2019, November 7, 2019,weblink live, Republican donor and Trump supporter Long Island attorney Charles Gucciardo paid Giuliani on behalf of Fraud Guarantee in two $250,000 payments, in September and October 2018.NEWS,weblink Behind the Deal That Put Giuliani Together With a Dirt-Hunting Partner, Vogel, Kenneth P., November 6, 2019, The New York Times, November 10, 2019, Protess, Ben, en-US, 0362-4331, Nir, Sarah Maslin, November 9, 2019,weblink live, NEWS,weblink Karen, Freifeld, New York lawyer is source of $500,000 paid to Trump attorney Giuliani, November 8, 2019, Reuters, November 10, 2019, en, November 10, 2019,weblink live, Fruman eventually pled guilty in September 2021 to having solicited a contribution by a foreign national.NEWS, Orden, Erica, September 10, 2021, Giuliani associate Igor Fruman pleads guilty to solicitation of a contribution by a foreign national,weblink September 10, 2021, CNN, September 13, 2021,weblink live,
- NEWS,weblink Giuliani's attorneys argue recent search warrants are 'fruit of this poisoned tree' after 'illegal' iCloud search review in 2019, Erica, Orden, May 17, 2021, CNN, May 23, 2023,
- NEWS, Neumeister, Larry, Feds: 18 electronic devices seized from Giuliani and firm,weblink Associated Press, May 20, 2021, May 23, 2023,
- NEWS, May 23, 2023,weblink Prosecutors took 18 electronic devices from Rudy Giuliani's home and office in April raid, Kara, Scannell, Erica, Orden, CNN, May 20, 2021,
- WEB,weblink Rudy Giuliani and Victoria Toensing Are Not 'Above the Law' Because of Their 'Important Clients,' Feds Say, May 21, 2021, Law and Crime, Adam, Klasfeld, May 28, 2021, Federal judge J. Paul Oetken days later ruled in favor of investigators regarding the warrant documents and granted their request for a special master to ensure attorney-client privilege was maintained.WEB,weblink Judge Approves Special Master, Denies Rudy Giuliani and Victoria Toensing's Requests for Details of Government's Probe, May 28, 2021, Law and Crime, Adam, Klasfeld, May 28, 2021, The special master released more than 3,000 of Giuliani's communications to prosecutors in January 2022, agreeing to withhold forty messages for which Giuliani had asserted "privilege and/or highly personal" status and rejecting 37 such assertions.NEWS, Thousands of Giuliani's communications turned over to Manhattan U.S. attorney following privilege review,weblink May 23, 2023, The Washington Post, January 21, 2022, Shayna, Jacobs,
2020 election lawsuits
File:Jenna Ellis and Rudy Giuliani.png|thumb|right|Giuliani with Jenna EllisJenna EllisIn November 2020, Trump placed Giuliani in charge of lawsuits related to alleged voter irregularities in the 2020 United States presidential election.WEB,weblink Trump puts personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani in charge of all election lawsuits, The Independent, November 14, 2020, Graeme, Massie, November 14, 2020, On November 7, Giuliani gave a press conference at Four Seasons Total Landscaping in Philadelphia to discuss challenging the vote count in Pennsylvania, during which media networks called the presidential election for Biden.NEWS, Burns, Katelyn, November 8, 2020, The Trump legal team's failed Four Seasons press conference, explained, Vox (website), Vox,weblink live, November 8, 2020,weblink November 15, 2020, Trump designated Giuliani to lead a legal team to challenge the election results, telling Giuliani to "go wild" and "do anything you want" in his efforts to overturn them.NEWS, Dorman, John L., September 28, 2022, Trump told Rudy Giuliani to 'go wild' and 'do anything you want' in seeking to overturn the 2020 presidential election: book,weblink Business Insider, November 13, 2022, This team{{snd}}a self-described "elite strike force" that included Sidney Powell, Joseph diGenova, Victoria Toensing, and Trump campaign attorney Jenna Ellis{{spaces}}NEWS, Stracqualursi, Veronica, November 16, 2020, Trump puts Giuliani in charge of post-election legal fight after series of losses, CNN,weblink November 20, 2020, WEB, Cheney, Kyle, November 22, 2020, Trump campaign cuts Sidney Powell from president's legal team,weblink November 22, 2020, Politico, {{snd}}appeared at a November 19 press conference in which they made numerous false and unsubstantiated assertions revolving around an international Communist conspiracy, rigged voting machines, and polling place fraud.NEWS, Subramaniam, Tara, Lybrand, Holmes, November 19, 2020, Fact checking Giuliani and the Trump legal team's wild, fact-free press conference,weblink November 20, 2020, CNN, NEWS, Swanson, Ali, November 20, 2020, AP Fact Check: Trump legal team's batch of false vote claims,weblink November 20, 2020, Associated Press, NEWS, Kessler, Glenn, November 19, 2020, Analysis | Fact-checking the craziest news conference of the Trump presidency, The Washington Post,weblink November 20, 2020, NEWS, Farhi, Paul, Izadi, Elahe, November 19, 2020, Rudy Giuliani floated 'dangerous' and incendiary false claims of election conspiracy – and Fox News broadcast it live, The Washington Post,weblink November 20, 2020, Giuliani repeatedly publicly denounced the use of provisional ballots (in which the poll worker does not see the voter's name on the rolls, so the voter swears an affidavit oath that they are registered to vote), arguing that the practice enables fraud, although Giuliani himself had cast this type of ballot on October 31, 2020, in Manhattan.NEWS, Steck, Em, Kaczynski, Andrew, January 18, 2021, Rudy Giuliani voted with an affidavit ballot, which he bashed in failed effort to overturn election,weblink January 20, 2021, CNN, By January 8, 2021, Trump and his team had lost 63 lawsuits.WEB, January 8, 2021, PolitiFact – Joe Biden is right that more than 60 of Trump's election lawsuits lacked merit,weblink Amy, Sherman, Miriam, Valverde, September 24, 2021, PolitiFact, en-US, Giuliani's associate Maria Ryan sent a letter to White House chief of staff Mark Meadows requesting that Giuliani be paid $2.5 million and receive a "general pardon".WEB, Papenfuss, Mary, August 21, 2022, Associate Sought General Pardon For Rudy Giuliani From Trump — And Medal: Book,weblink August 22, 2022, HuffPost, en, A month later, when Trump was out of office, Giuliani was no longer representing him in any pending cases, according to a Trump adviser. While Trump continued to fundraise, purportedly for his election-related legal fights, as of the end of July 2021 he had not given any of this money to Giuliani.WEB, Papenfuss, Mary, August 2, 2021, Rudy Giuliani Is Reportedly Almost Broke And Trump's Shutting Him Out,weblink August 2, 2021, HuffPost, en, In October 2021, in another context, Trump remarked: "I do pay my lawyers when they do a good job."NEWS, Polantz, Katelyn, October 13, 2021, Top conservative lawyers steer clear of Trump's latest legal fight,weblink October 13, 2021, CNN,Pennsylvania lawsuit
One early lawsuit sought to invalidate up to 700,000 mail-in ballots and stop Pennsylvania from certifying its election results. Giuliani said he had signed affidavits attesting to voter fraud and election official misconduct in Pennsylvania and elsewhere.NEWS, Cant, Ash, Donald Trump's lawyer makes bombshell claim over 'evidence' of voter fraud, November 11, 2020,weblink Yahoo! News Australia, November 14, 2020, Despite not having argued a case in any courtroom for over three decades,NEWS,weblink A rusty Giuliani returns to the courtroom on Trump's behalf, November 18, 2020, Associated Press, Marc, Levy, Mark, Scolford, November 20, 2020, Giuliani applied for special permission to represent the Trump presidential campaign in the federal court of Pennsylvania. In doing so, Giuliani misrepresented his status with the District of Columbia Bar in his application by stating that he was a member of the bar in good standing, when in fact the District of Columbia had suspended him for nonpayment of fees.NEWS,weblink 'Disgraceful!' – Lawyer blasts Trump attorney Giuliani for seeking to toss Pa. votes to reverse Biden win, Mangan, Dan, Breuninger, Kevin, November 17, 2020, CNBC, November 20, 2020, In his first day in court on the case, which was November 17, 2020, Giuliani struggled with rudimentary legal processes and was accused by lawyers for the Pennsylvania Secretary of State of making legal arguments that were "disgraceful in an American courtroom".NEWS,weblink Pennsylvania lawyers shredded Rudy Giuliani's arguments in Trump's biggest election lawsuit, calling them 'disgraceful' and 'really inventive', Jacob, Shamsian, Sonam, Sheth, November 17, 2020, Business Insider, November 20, 2020, Judge Matthew Brann questioned how Giuliani could justify "asking this court to invalidate some 6.8 million votes thereby disenfranchising every single voter in the commonwealth."NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani and Trump's last-stand push to overturn Pa.'s election results get a frosty reception in court, Jeremy, Roebuck, The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 17, 2020, November 20, 2020, His federal lawsuit against Pennsylvania was dismissed with prejudice on November 21, 2020, with the judge citing "strained legal arguments without merit and speculative accusations" which were "unsupported by evidence". Giuliani and Jenna Ellis reacted by stating that the ruling "helps" the Trump campaign "get expeditiously to the U.S. Supreme Court". They also pointed out that the judge, Matthew W. Brann, was "Obama-appointed", though Brann is also a Republican and a former member of the right-leaning Federalist Society.WEB, Roebuck, Jeremy, November 21, 2020, 'Not how the Constitution works': Federal judge tosses Trump suit seeking to disrupt Pa. election results,weblink live,weblink November 22, 2020, December 10, 2020, The Philadelphia Inquirer, NEWS, Swaine, Jon, In scathing opinion, federal judge dismisses Trump campaign lawsuit in Pennsylvania, November 21, 2020,weblink live,weblink November 22, 2020, December 10, 2020, The Washington Post, The Trump campaign appealed the lawsuit to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, where a three-judge panel on November 27 rejected the Trump campaign's attempt to undo Pennsylvania's vote certification, because the Trump campaign's "claims have no merit".NEWS, Watson, Kathryn, November 28, 2020, Trump loses appeal in Pennsylvania: 'Calling an election unfair does not make it so', CBS News,weblink live, November 29, 2020,weblink November 28, 2020, The panel also ruled that the District Court was correct in preventing the Trump campaign from conducting a second amendment of its complaint. An amendment would be pointless, ruled the judges, because the Trump campaign was not bringing facts before the court, and not even alleging fraud. Judge Stephanos Bibas highlighted that Giuliani himself told the district court that the Trump campaign "doesn't plead fraud", and that this "is not a fraud case".NEWS, November 28, 2020, U.S. appeals court rejects Trump appeal over Pennsylvania race, Maryclaire, Dale, Associated Press,weblink December 10, 2020, The panel concluded that neither "specific allegations" nor "proof" was provided in this case, and that the Trump campaign "cannot win this lawsuit".NEWS, Scannell, Kara, November 27, 2020, Federal appeals court slams Trump campaign efforts to turn tide in Pennsylvania ruling, saying 'claims have no merit', CNN,weblink live, November 29, 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20201127224950weblink">weblink November 27, 2020, Giuliani and Ellis reacted to the appeals court ruling by condemning the "activist judicial machinery in Pennsylvania". Of the three Appeal Court judges, Stephanos Bibas, who delivered the opinion, was appointed by Trump himself, while judges D. Brooks Smith and Michael Chagares were appointed by Republican president George W. Bush.NEWS, Cheney, Kyle, Gerstein, Josh, November 27, 2020, 'Voters, not lawyers, choose the president': Appeals court shoots down Trump suit in Pennsylvania, Politico,weblink live, December 10, 2020,weblink November 28, 2020,Dominion and Smartmatic lawsuits
{{see also|Dominion v. Fox News Network}}As part of Giuliani's allegations that voting machines had been rigged, he made several false assertions about two rival companies, Dominion Voting Systems and Smartmatic. These false claims included that Smartmatic owned Dominion; that Dominion voting machines used Smartmatic software; that Dominion voting machines sent vote data to Smartmatic at foreign locations; that Dominion was founded by the former socialist Venezuelan leader Hugo Chávez; and that Dominion is a "radical-left" company with connections to antifa.NEWS, Kessler, Glenn, November 16, 2020, Giuliani's fantasy parade of false voter-fraud claims,weblink live,weblink November 16, 2020, November 16, 2020, The Washington Post, WEB, Dan, MacGuill, November 20, 2020, Did a Dominion Voting Systems Employee Brag About Rigging the Election Against Trump?,weblink November 21, 2020, Snopes, en-US, Both companies sued Giuliani and Fox News. Dominion filed a defamation lawsuit against Giuliani in January 2021,NEWS, Polantz, Katelyn, January 25, 2021, Dominion sues Giuliani for $1.3 billion over 'Big Lie',weblink CNN, January 25, 2021, NEWS,weblink December 20, 2023, Judge allows defamation lawsuits against Sidney Powell, Rudy Giuliani and MyPillow CEO to go forward, Katelyn, Polantz, CNN, August 11, 2021, and separately sued Fox News for $1.6 billion.NEWS, Folkenflik, David, Romo, Vanessa, May 18, 2021, Fox News Moves To Have Dominion Voting Systems Lawsuit Dismissed, en, NPR,weblink September 24, 2021, Fox News settled the case, Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network, for $787.5 million;NEWS, Helen, Coster, Jack, Queen,weblink Fox settles Dominion lawsuit for $787.5 million over US election lies, Reuters, April 19, 2023, December 20, 2023, the company's lawsuits against Giuliani and Sidney Powell for their election-related lies are still active {{As of|2023|August|lc=y}}.NEWS,weblink Dominion lawsuits against Giuliani and Powell still active, Reuters Fact Check, December 20, 2023, August 11, 2023, On February 4, 2021, Smartmatic sued Giuliani, Fox News and some of its hosts, and Powell, accusing them of engaging in a "disinformation campaign" against the company; the company sought $2.7{{spaces}}billion in damages.NEWS, Darcy, Oliver, February 4, 2021, Voting technology company Smartmatic files $2.7 billion lawsuit against Fox News, Rudy Giuliani and Sidney Powell over 'disinformation campaign',weblink February 5, 2021, CNN, WEB, Shalvey, Kevin, June 19, 2021, Rudy Giuliani, Sidney Powell, and Fox News have August date confirmed for court bid to dismiss $2.7 billion Smartmatic lawsuit,weblink August 2, 2021, Business Insider, en-US, A New York State Supreme Court judge, in March 2022, denied the defendants' motion to dismiss, ruling that the Smartmatic's defamation suit against Fox News and Giuliani could proceed; however, the court dismissed two of the sixteen counts against Giuliani.NEWS, Stempel, Jonathan, Smartmatic can pursue election-rigging claims against Fox News, Giuliani,weblink Reuters, December 20, 2023, March 8, 2022, In February 2023, the Appellate Division reinstated the two counts.NEWS, Jacob, Shamsian,weblink Rudy Giuliani gets hit with 2 more counts in Smartmatic's defamation lawsuit, Business Insider, February 14, 2023, December 20, 2023, On September 10, 2021, Fox News told Giuliani that neither he nor his son Andrew would be allowed on their network for nearly three months.WEB, Palmeri, Tara, September 24, 2021, POLITICO Playbook: Scoop: Fox to Rudy: You're banned,weblink September 24, 2021, Politico, en,Judgment for defaming Georgia election workers
In December 2021, two Georgia election workers, Ruby Freeman and her daughter Wandrea "Shaye" Moss, sued Giuliani for defamation,NEWS, Thanawala, Sudhin, December 23, 2021, Georgia Election Workers Sue Rudy Giuliani, OAN Over Election Fraud Claims, en, HuffPost, Associated Press,weblink December 25, 2021, NEWS, Jeong, Andrew, December 24, 2021, Rudy Giuliani and One America News sued by Georgia poll workers falsely accused of electoral fraud, en-US, The Washington Post,weblink December 26, 2021, 0190-8286, after Giuliani falsely accused them of manipulating vote tallies.NEWS, Eileen, Sullivan,weblink Jury Orders Giuliani to Pay $148 Million to Election Workers He Defamed, December 20, 2023, The New York Times , December 15, 2023, He has accused them of "passing around USB ports as if they were vials of heroin or cocaine" and engaging in "surreptitious illegal activity," citing video footage that, according to Moss, actually showed the women with "a ginger mint".NEWS, Pengelly, Martin, June 21, 2022, Giuliani told Arizona official 'We just don't have the evidence' of voter fraud, The Guardian,weblink June 22, 2022, Moss testified before the United States House of Representatives that after Giuliani's remarks she and her family were subjected to a barrage of racist threats, including "Be glad it's 2020 and not 1920," in reference to lynching in the United States.NEWS, Pengelly, Martin, June 21, 2022, 'There's nowhere I feel safe': Georgia elections workers describe how Trump upended their lives, The Guardian,weblink June 22, 2022, In July 2023, Giuliani was ordered to pay attorneys' fees to the election workers after being sanctioned for failing to turn over evidence in the case.WEB, Durkee, Alison, July 6, 2023, Rudy Giuliani Forced To Pay $89K In Attorneys Fees For 2020 Defamation Case,weblink July 8, 2023, Forbes, en, Later that month, Giuliani admitted his statements had been "defamatory per se" yet denied they had caused "any damages".NEWS, Wagner, John, Wang, Amy B., July 26, 2023, Giuliani not contesting making false statements about Georgia election workers, The Washington Post,weblink July 26, 2023, On August 4, the judge asked him to explain why he was still fighting the lawsuit, given his admission.WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, August 5, 2023, Judge questions Giuliani over not forfeiting lawsuit after conceding false 2020 election statements,weblink August 8, 2023, CNN Politics, en, Due to his failure to produce documents, U.S. District Judge Beryl Howell issued an order on August 30 ruling that he forfeited his case by failing to comply with his discovery obligations.NEWS, Polantz, Katelyn, August 30, 2023, Giuliani loses defamation lawsuit from two Georgia election workers, CNN,weblink December 20, 2023, Meanwhile, the court increased what he owed for the plaintiffs' legal fees,WEB, August 30, 2023, Rudy Giuliani Loses Georgia Poll Workers' Defamation Suit By Default, Judge Rules, Nina, Golgowski,weblink August 31, 2023, HuffPost, en, and he did not immediately pay.WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, September 22, 2023, Rudy Giuliani fails to pay more than $132,000 in sanctions in defamation lawsuit from two Georgia election workers,weblink September 22, 2023, CNN Politics, en, The plaintiffs subsequently requested money to cover additional attorneys' fees that arose from discovery disputes during the case.WEB, Cohen, Marshall, September 8, 2023, Rudy Giuliani files new legal challenge to Georgia election interference case,weblink September 9, 2023, CNN, en, The judge again increased what Giuliani owed; the total was over $230,000.WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, September 22, 2023, Giuliani now owes over $230,000 after defaming two Georgia election workers,weblink September 22, 2023, CNN, en, On October 13, the judge said that due to Giuliani's "continued and flagrant disregard of this Court's August 30 Order that he produce financial-related documents concerning his personal and his businesses' past and present assets", she would tell the jurors that he intentionally hid financial documents in defiance of court orders.WEB, Gregorian, Dareh, October 14, 2023, Judge punishes Rudy Giuliani for flagrant disregard of court orders,weblink October 16, 2023, NBC News, en, On December 5, 2023, Giuliani did not appear at a federal court pretrial hearing. Freeman and Moss attended. Giuliani's lawyer, Joseph Sibley IV, told the judge he had not understood that Giuliani's presence was required and that it was "my mistake";WEB, Cheney, Kyle, December 5, 2023, Giuliani's no-show prevents courtroom confrontation with Georgia election workers,weblink December 6, 2023, Politico, en, the judge criticized Giuliani's failure to appear.WEB, Katelyn, Polantz,weblink Judge chastises Rudy Giuliani for failing to appear at hearing ahead of defamation damages trial, December 20, 2023, CNN, December 6, 2023, WEB, December 20, 2023,weblink Ali, Sullivan, DC Judge Slams Giuliani No-Show In Pretrial Hearing, Law360, December 5, 2023, The trial began on December 11. During the trial on the amount of damages, the plaintiffs' testified that Giuliani's false statements, beginning with one of his tweets, prompted a barrage of threatening phone calls and messages against them, including many that were violent, vulgar, or racist. They also testified that Giuliani's lies caused others to show up at Freeman's home, to attempt to conduct a "citizen's arrest" of Moss at her grandmother's home, and to barrage Moss' teenage son with cell phone messages. During the trial, Giuliani publicly repeated his false claim that Freeman and Moss "were engaged in changing votes"WEB, Iyer, Kaanita, Polantz, Katelyn, Lybrand, Holmes, Cole, Devan, December 11, 2023, Georgia election workers ask judge to lecture Rudy Giuliani after he repeats election claims judge ruled were defamatory,weblink December 13, 2023, CNN, en, and claimed that "When I testify, the whole story will be definitively clear that what I said was true."WEB, Grenoble, Ryan, December 14, 2023, Giuliani Won't Testify, Despite Pledge To 'Definitively Clear' His Name By Doing So,weblink December 14, 2023, HuffPost, en, However, Giuliani ultimately declined to testify, and his defense team called no witnesses. Giuliani's attorney pointed to another defamation lawsuit Freeman and Moss had filed against The Gateway Pundit, saying the website had likely instigated the harassment against them.NEWS, Leingang, Rachel, December 15, 2023, Multimillion-dollar ruling against Giuliani shows cost of spreading election lies, en-GB, The Guardian,weblink December 16, 2023, 0261-3077, On December 15, 2023, the federal jury ordered Giuliani to pay $148 million to Freeman and Moss, including $75 million in punitive damages.NEWS, Legare, Robert, Ali, Musa, December 15, 2023, Rudy Giuliani must pay $148 million to 2 Georgia election workers he defamed, jury decides, CBS News,weblink December 15, 2023, After the verdict, Giuliani said he regretted nothing and said he would appeal.NEWS, Levine, Sam, Rudy Giuliani ordered to pay $148.1m in damages for lies about election workers,weblink December 15, 2023, The Guardian, December 15, 2023, One of his lawyers suggested he would file for bankruptcy. On December 20, concerned that Giuliani would hide his assets given the "ample record in this case of Giuliani’s efforts to conceal or hide his assets," Judge Beryl A. Howell ordered swift payment of the damages.NEWS, Feuer, Alan, 2023-12-20, Judge Orders Giuliani to Pay $148 Million Damage Award Immediately, en-US, The New York Times, live,weblink 2023-12-21,weblink 2023-12-21, 0362-4331, On December 21, he filed for bankruptcy.WEB, Reilly, Mollie, 2023-12-21, Rudy Giuliani Files For Bankruptcy,weblink 2023-12-21, HuffPost, en, On December 18, Freeman and Moss sued Giuliani again, seeking an injunction to permanently prohibit him from defaming them.WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, December 18, 2023, Former Georgia election workers sue Rudy Giuliani again, asking judge to permanently stop him from lying about them,weblink December 19, 2023, CNN, en, WEB, Mangan, Dan, December 18, 2023, Rudy Giuliani sued again by Georgia election workers seeking to bar more defamation,weblink December 19, 2023, CNBC, en, In January 2024, Freeman and Moss accused Giuliani of taking unfair advantage of the bankruptcy system in a court filing, with their attorneys calling Giuliani's approach "a flawed, impermissible litigation tactic from an actor with a history of engaging the judicial system in bad faith."WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, 2024-01-18, Georgia election workers accuse Rudy Giuliani of taking advantage of bankruptcy system,weblink 2024-01-19, CNN, en, MAGAZINE, 2024-01-18, Rudy Giuliani Accused of Using Bankruptcy Filing to Stiff the Election Workers He Owes $148 Million,weblink 2024-01-19, Vanity Fair, en-US, He has been ordered to testify about his finances in February.WEB, Buchman, Brandi, 2024-01-24, Rudy Giuliani ordered to testify under oath in bankruptcy proceedings,weblink 2024-01-25, Law & Crime, en, In March, creditors filed a motion to force Giuliani to sell his Florida condo to pay the judgment.WEB, Picciotto, Rebecca, Creditors demand Rudy Giuliani sell his $3.5 million Florida condo to pay debts, March 16, 2024,weblink CNBC, March 19, 2024, In April, Giuliani lost his bid to dismiss the judgment against him.WEB,weblink Rudy Giuliani loses bid to dismiss $148 million defamation judgment in Georgia election workers case, April 16, 2024, April 21, 2024, ABC News, Osborne, Mark,Attack on the Capitol
{{broader|January 6 United States Capitol attack|topic=event}}{{January 6 United States Capitol attack sidebar|expanded=Related groups and persons}}On January 6, 2021, Giuliani spoke at a "Save America March" rally on the Ellipse that was attended by Trump supporters protesting the election results. He repeated conspiracy theories that voting machines used in the election were "crooked" and called for "trial by combat",WEB, Palma, Bethania, January 6, 2021, Did Rudy Giuliani Call for 'Trial By Combat' Before Trump Mob Broke Into Capitol?, Snopes,weblink January 6, 2021, January 9, 2021,weblink live, which he claimed after the riot had not been a call to violence but a reference to Game of Thrones.NEWS, Sippell, Margeaux, January 14, 2021, Rudy Giuliani Says Tyrion From 'Game of Thrones' Inspired US Capitol Speech,weblink The Wrap, November 21, 2022, NEWS, Crump, James, January 13, 2021, Giuliani bizarrely claims 'trial by combat' comments at MAGA Capitol rally were a reference to Game of Thrones and did not incite violence,weblink The Independent, November 21, 2022, NEWS, Gerstein, Julie, January 12, 2021, Rudy Giuliani says his 'trial by combat' comment during Trump's January 6 rally was a 'Game of Thrones' reference, not a call to violence,weblink Business Insider, November 13, 2022, Trump supporters subsequently stormed the U.S. Capitol in a riot that resulted in the deaths of five people, including a Capitol police officer,WEB, Freiman, Jordan, 4 dead after Trump supporters storm U.S. Capitol,weblink CBS News, January 7, 2021, January 7, 2021, NEWS, Federal murder probe opened for Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick who died following riots,weblink ABC News, June 29, 2021, Jack, Date, Mark, Osborne, Emily, Shapiro, January 8, 2021, and temporarily disrupted the counting of the Electoral College vote.NEWS,weblink Congress Did Not Finish Certifying the Election Results. What Happens Next?, The New York Times, Alan, Rappeport, January 6, 2021, January 8, 2021, Giuliani had reportedly been calling Republican lawmakers to urge them to delay the electoral vote count in order to ultimately throw the election to Trump. Giuliani attempted to contact Alabama Sen. Tommy Tuberville, a Trump ally, around 7:00{{spaces}}p.m. on January 6, after the Capitol storming, to ask him to "try to just slow it down" by objecting to multiple states and "raise issues so that we get ourselves into tomorrow{{snd}}ideally until the end of tomorrow".NEWS, Pitofsky, Marina, January 7, 2021, Giuliani calls wrong senator in last-ditch effort to delay certification of Biden's win,weblink The Hill, November 21, 2022, NEWS, Serfaty, Sunlan, Cole, Devan, Rogers, Alex, January 8, 2021, As riot raged at Capitol, Trump tried to call senators to overturn election,weblink CNN, November 21, 2022, However, Giuliani mistakenly left the message on the voicemail of another senator, who leaked the recording to The Dispatch.WEB, January 7, 2021, Hayes, Steve, Giuliani to Senator: 'Try to Just Slow it Down',weblink January 12, 2021, thedispatch.com, Rick Perlstein, a noted historian of the American conservative political movement, termed Giuliani's attempts to slow certification in the wake of the riot as treasonous. "Sedition. Open and shut. He talked about the time that was being opened up. He was welcoming, and using, the violence. This needs to be investigated," Perlstein tweeted on January 11, 2021.TWEET, Perlstein, Rick, January 11, 2021, Sedition. Open and shut., 1348801954441555969, January 12, 2021, rickperlstein, Rick Perlstein, Giuliani faced criticism for his appearance at the rally and the Capitol riot that followed it. Former Congressman and MSNBC host Joe Scarborough called for the arrest of Giuliani, President Trump, and Donald Trump Jr.NEWS, Gstalter, Morgan, Scarborough calls for arrest of Trump, Giuliani and Trump Jr. for insurrection against US,weblink January 7, 2021, The Hill, January 7, 2021, en, January 8, 2021,weblink live, Manhattan College president Brennan O'Donnell stated in a January{{spaces}}7 open letter to the college community, "one of the loudest voices fueling the anger, hatred, and violence that spilled out yesterday is a graduate of our College, Rudolph Giuliani. His conduct as a leader of the campaign to de-legitimize the election and disenfranchise millions of voters{{snd}}has been and continues to be a repudiation of the deepest values of his alma mater."WEB, Message from the President: Storming of the Capitol Building,weblink January 7, 2021, Brennan, O'Donnell, January 9, 2021, Manhattan College, en, On January 11, the New York State Bar Association, an advocacy group for the legal profession in New York state, announced that it was launching an investigation into whether Giuliani should be removed from its membership rolls, noting both Giuliani's comments to the Trump supporter rally at the Ellipse on January 6, and that it "has received hundreds of complaints in recent months about Mr. Giuliani and his baseless efforts on behalf of President Trump to cast doubt on the veracity of the 2020 presidential election and, after the votes were cast, to overturn its legitimate results".WEB, DeSantis, Susan, January 11, 2021, New York State Bar Association Launches Historic Inquiry Into Removing Trump Attorney Rudy Giuliani From Its Membership,weblink January 11, 2021, New York State Bar Association, NEWS,weblink 20 December 2023, A state senator referred Rudy Giuliani for disbarment., Alan, Feuer, January 11, 2021, The New York Times, Removal from the group's membership rolls would not directly disbar Giuliani from practicing law in New York.WEB, Attorney Verification,weblink January 11, 2021, New York State Bar Association, en-US, New York State Sen. Brad Hoylman and lawyers' group Lawyers Defending American Democracy, also filed a complaints against Giuliani with the Attorney Grievance Committee of the First Judicial Department of the New York Supreme Court, which has the authority to discipline and disbar licensed New York lawyers.WEB, Wester, Jane, January 13, 2021, Will Rudy Giuliani Be Disbarred in New York? An 'Unusual' Case Heads to Disciplinary Committee,weblink January 14, 2021, New York Law Journal, NEWS, Associated Press,weblink Lawyers want Giuliani investigated, license suspended, January 22, 2021, March 19, 2021, Also on January 11, 2021, District of Columbia Attorney General Karl Racine said that he is looking at whether to charge Giuliani, along with Donald Trump Jr. and Representative Mo Brooks, with inciting the violent attack.NEWS, DC attorney general considers riot incitement charges against Donald Trump Jr., Giuliani, GOP Rep. Brooks,weblink January 12, 2021, CNBC, January 13, 2021,weblink January 11, 2021, Dan, Mangan, live, On January 29, 2021, Giuliani said falsely that The Lincoln Project played a role in the organization of the Capitol riot.WEB, Lambe, Jerry, January 29, 2021, Rudy Giuliani Desperately Tries to Pin Pro-Trump Capitol Siege on the Lincoln Project,weblink January 31, 2021, Law & Crime, In response, Steve Schmidt threatened to sue Giuliani for defamation.NEWS, O'Connell, Oliver, January 30, 2021, Lincoln Project says it will sue Rudy Giuliani over Capitol riot claims,weblink January 31, 2021, The Independent, On March 5, 2021, Representative Eric Swalwell filed a civil lawsuit against Giuliani and three others (Donald Trump, Donald Trump Jr., and Representative Mo Brooks), seeking damages for their alleged role in inciting the Capitol riot.NEWS,weblink Unanswered calls and a thwarted private detective: Swalwell's lawsuit over Jan. 6 has trouble getting started, Jansen, Bart, June 3, 2021, USA Today, July 26, 2021, Responding to a January 2022 subpoena from the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack,NEWS, January 6 committee subpoenas Giuliani and 3 others,weblink CNN, January 18, 2022, Zachary, Cohen, Annie, Grayer, 20 December 2023, Giuliani testified on May 20, 2022.WEB, Nobles, Ryan, Reid, Paula, May 20, 2022, First on CNN: Giuliani meets with January 6 committee for more than 9 hours,weblink June 12, 2022, CNN, On August 1, 2023, the Justice Department's special counsel investigating Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election charged him with four criminal counts related to those efforts.NEWS, Feuer, Alan, Haberman, Maggie, August 1, 2023, Trump Is Indicted in His Push to Overturn Election, en-US, The New York Times,weblink August 2, 2023, 0362-4331, News reports widely identified Rudy Giuliani as the unnamed "Co-Conspirator 1" (of six) mentioned at least 46 times in the 45-page indictment.WEB, Thayer/Bloomberg, John Eastman Photographer: Eric, Bloomberg, August 1, 2023, Here Are the Unindicted Trump Co-Conspirators Mentioned in the Case - BNN Bloomberg,weblink August 2, 2023, BNN, NEWS, August 1, 2023, Here are the Trump co-conspirators described in the DOJ indictment,weblink August 2, 2023, Washington Post, en, MAGAZINE, Rawnsley, Adam, August 1, 2023, Rudy Giuliani Is Trump's 'Co-Conspirator 1' in Jan. 6 Indictment,weblink August 2, 2023, Rolling Stone, en-US, In a statement, Giuliani's lawyer, Robert J. Costello, acknowledged that it “appears that Mayor Giuliani is alleged to be co-conspirator No. 1.â€On August 14, 2023, Giuliani was indicted, along with Donald Trump and 17 others, by an Atlanta, Georgia, grand jury. The 41-count indictment charged the group of 19 under state racketeering laws for conspiring to "change the outcome of the election in favor of Trump." Giuliani's false testimony, in December 2020, to Georgia lawmakers about election fraud is among the events listed in the indictment.NEWS, Fausset, Richard, Hakim, Danny, August 15, 2023, Trump Indicted in Georgia: Ex-President Accused of Leading Push to Overturn 2020 Vote, en-US, The New York Times,weblink August 15, 2023, 0362-4331, His lawyer (at least for the arraignment) is Brian Tevis.WEB, Sangal, Aditi, Vales, Leinz, August 23, 2023, Giuliani's Georgia-based attorney enters courthouse in Fulton County,weblink August 23, 2023, CNN, en, Giuliani turned himself in at the Fulton County Sheriff's Office on August 23, 2023.NEWS, Stanton, Andrew, Rudy Giuliani Mugshot Released as Trump Ally Embraces Arrest,weblink August 23, 2023, Newsweek, August 23, 2023, On September 9, he filed to have the charges against him quashed.Suspension of law license
On June 24, 2021, a New York appellate court suspended Giuliani's law license. The panel of five justices found that there was "uncontroverted" evidence that Giuliani made "demonstrably false and misleading statements to courts, lawmakers and the public" and that "These false statements were made to improperly bolster (Giuliani's) narrative that due to widespread voter fraud, victory in the 2020 United States presidential election was stolen from his client."WEB, Matter of Giuliani, 2021 NY Slip Op 04086 (1st Dep't June 24, 2021),weblink New York Official Reports, New York State Law Reporting Bureau, June 24, 2021, NEWS, Hong, Nicole, Protess, Ben, June 24, 2021, New York Suspends Giuliani's Law License, en-US, The New York Times,weblink June 24, 2021, 0362-4331, The court concluded that Giuliani's conduct "immediately threatens the public interest and warrants interim suspension from the practice of law". His license was also suspended in Washington, D.C., on July 7, 2021.NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani suspended from practicing law in Washington, DC, CNN, Katelyn, Polantz, July 1, 2022, July 7, 2021,Ethics charges for baseless claims in favor of Trump
On June 10, 2022, the DC Bar's Office of Disciplinary CounselWEB, DC Bar - Office of Disciplinary Counsel,weblink June 12, 2022, dcbar.org, en, filed charges with the DC Court of Appeals' Board on Professional ResponsibilityWEB, DC Bar - Board on Professional Responsibility,weblink June 12, 2022, dcbar.org, en, against Giuliani. The ethics charges say that Giuliani's federal court filings regarding the 2020 presidential election in Pennsylvania contained baseless claims in favor of Trump.WEB, June 11, 2022, Rudy Giuliani charged with ethical misconduct over Trump's big lie,weblink June 12, 2022, The Guardian, en, On December 15, 2022, after a week-long hearing, the D.C. Bar Disciplinary Counsel recommended Giuliani be disbarred for violating rules of professional conduct by making false election fraud claims and trying to overturn the 2020 presidential election results in Pennsylvania. The counsel's decision is preliminary and non-binding.NEWS, Habeshian, Sareen, D.C. attorney disciplinary counsel finds Giuliani violated ethics rules,weblink Axios (website), Axios, February 16, 2023, December 15, 2022, NEWS, Concepcion, Summer, D.C. Bar counsel urges Giuliani be disbarred after panel says he most likely committed ethics violation,weblink NBC News, February 16, 2023, December 15, 2022, WEB, Sneed, Tierney,weblink Attorney disciplinary committee says Giuliani violated ethics rules with 2020 election fraud claims, CNN, December 15, 2022, 20 December 2023, On July 7, 2023, an ad hoc hearing committee of the Board on Professional Responsibility recommended that he be disbarred. The Board will go on to consider the matter, and the final decision will come from the D.C. Court of Appeals.WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, July 7, 2023, Attorney disciplinary committee recommends Rudy Giuliani be disbarred for 2020 election legal work,weblink July 7, 2023, CNN Politics, en,Supermarket incident
On June 27, 2022, Giuliani appeared at ShopRite, a supermarket in Staten Island, campaigning on behalf of his son Andrew, who was attempting to become the Republican nominee for governor of New York.NEWS, Lenthang, Marlene, Rudy Giuliani says the supermarket employee accused of slapping him should be prosecuted,weblink September 26, 2022, NBC News, June 28, 2022, NEWS, Meko, Hurubie, Man Who Patted Giuliani's Back Is Set to Have Assault Charge Dismissed,weblink September 26, 2022, The New York Times, September 22, 2022,weblink September 26, 2022, live, After Giuliani's appearance, a 39-year-old supermarket employee, Daniel Gill, was arrested and charged with second-degree assault for allegedly slapping Giuliani's back in the store. Giuliani responded publicly that it was like "a boulder hit me" or "like somebody shot me"; "it hurt tremendously".NEWS, Lenthang, Marlene, Charges downgraded against supermarket employee accused of slapping Rudy Giuliani,weblink September 26, 2022, NBC News, June 28, 2022, NEWS, Spector, Joseph, Giuliani: Smack on the back felt like 'a boulder hit me',weblink September 26, 2022, Politico, June 27, 2022, NEWS, Oshin, Olafimihan, Giuliani says video of supermarket incident 'a little deceptive',weblink September 26, 2022, The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, June 27, 2022, Giuliani further stated that the "very, very heavy shot" by Gill caused him to stumble and "could've easily ... knocked me to the ground and killed me by my head getting hit", and called for Gill's firing and prosecution. The Legal Aid Society, representing Gill, asserted that Giuliani had exaggerated the severity of the slap in order to garner greater amounts of attention from the media: "Our client merely patted Mr. Giuliani, who sustained nothing remotely resembling physical injuries, without malice to simply get his attention, as the video footage clearly showed," the Legal Aid Society stated in a press release.NEWS, Mannie, Kathryn, June 28, 2022, Rudy Giuliani slap: Charges downgraded for accused grocery store employee,weblink Global News, November 13, 2022, Within a day of the incident, The New York Post posted video footage of it. The New York Times described that the video "contradicted" Giuliani's account, showing Gill walking quickly past Giuliani, "patting him on the back", whereby Giuliani "wobbled slightly forward". The Hill described that the "video shows Giuliani barely moving after a ShopRite employee's hand makes contact with his back", while Giuliani responded that the "videotape that you see is probably a little deceptive", stressing that he was "hit very, very hard on the back. To such an extent that it knocked me back about two steps."NEWS, Breslin, Maureen, NYC mayor says Giuliani should be investigated: 'To falsely report a crime is a crime',weblink September 26, 2022, The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, June 28, 2022, NEWS, Goldsmith, Jill, Charge Against Giuliani Backslapper Reduced To Misdemeanor; Rudy Calls Video 'Deceptive',weblink September 26, 2022, Deadline Hollywood, June 27, 2022, After the video was released, Gill's charge was reduced to third-degree assault on June 28, while third-degree menacing and second-degree harassment charges were simultaneously added.NEWS, Mannie, Kathryn, Rudy Giuliani slap: Charges downgraded for accused grocery store employee,weblink's%20charge%20to,degree%20harassment%2C%20legal%20filings%20show.&text=Gill%20was%20released%20from%20police,his%20own%20recognizance%20on%20Monday., September 26, 2022, Global News, June 28, 2022, Gill acknowledged telling Giuliani: "What's up, scumbag?" during the incident. In September 2022, Gill agreed to an adjournment in contemplation of dismissal, whereby all charges would be dismissed if he does not violate the law in the next six months.In May 2023, Gill sued Giuliani, seeking monetary damages "for false arrest, civil rights conspiracy resulting in false arrest and false imprisonment, defamation, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and negligent infliction of emotional distress".NEWS, Bekiempis, Victoria, 2023-05-17, Man sues Giuliani over false arrest after ‘pat’ on back led to assault charge,weblink 2024-05-11, The Guardian, en-GB, 0261-3077,Sexual assault and misconduct allegations
On May 15, 2023, Noelle Dunphy, a former off-the-books employee of Giuliani, filed a civil lawsuit against him.NEWS, Stempel, Jonathan, May 15, 2023, Rudy Giuliani sued for $10 million by former aide over alleged sexual assault,weblink Reuters, May 16, 2023, She accused Giuliani of sexual assault, wage theft and unlawful abuse of power.NEWS, Adam, Durbin, May 16, 2023, Rudy Giuliani accused of sexual harassment by ex-employee, en-GB, BBC News,weblink May 16, 2023, Dunphy claimed that sexually satisfying Giuliani was an "absolute requirement" of her job; the complaint also said that Giuliani "often made outrageous comments that created and added to the hostile work environment that Ms. Dunphy was forced to endure," and that he was constantly under the effects of alcohol.NEWS, Mandler, C., May 16, 2023, Rudy Giuliani denies sexual assault allegations made in $10 million lawsuit by former employee,weblink CBS News, May 16, 2023, The lawsuit further alleges Giuliani complained about "'freakin Arabs' and Jews," and "implied that [Jewish men's] penises were inferior due to 'natural selection.'"WEB, Kornbluh, Jacob, May 15, 2023, Rudy Giuliani made antisemitic remarks about Jews' genitalia, mocked 'freaking Passover' observance, new lawsuit claims,weblink May 22, 2023, The Forward, en, The lawsuit also alleges that Giuliani and Donald Trump sold pardons for $2 million apiece.WEB, May 16, 2023, Rudy Giuliani said he and Trump were selling pardons for $2m apiece, ex-aide claims,weblink Andrew, Feinberg, May 16, 2023, The Independent, en, In her 2023 memoir Enough, Cassidy Hutchinson alleges that Giuliani groped her backstage during Donald Trump's speech on January 6, 2021.NEWS, Richards, Zoë, Rodriguez, Jesse, 20 September 2023, Former Trump aide Cassidy Hutchinson alleges Rudy Giuliani groped her on Jan. 6,weblink NBC News, 30 April 2024, NEWS, Zhang, Andrew, 20 September 2023, Former White House aide claims Giuliani groped her on Jan. 6, according to book,weblink Politico, 30 April 2024, NEWS, Pengelly, Martin, Ex-Trump aide Cassidy Hutchinson claims Rudy Giuliani groped her on January 6,weblink September 20, 2023, The Guardian, September 20, 2023,Other legal issues
In September 2023, law firm Davidoff Hutcher & Citron sued Giuliani for over $1.3 million in unpaid legal fees. The firm alleged that Giuliani had paid only $214,000 of his total legal bill between November 2019 and July 2023. Giuliani said in a statement that the firm's bill "is way in excess to anything approaching legitimate fees."NEWS, Goudsward, Andrew, 2023-09-19, Giuliani sued over $1.4 million in unpaid legal fees, en, Reuters,weblink 2023-10-05, NEWS, Pengelly, Martin, 2023-09-19, Rudy Giuliani sued by own lawyer for $1.3m in unpaid fees, en-GB, The Guardian,weblink 2023-10-05, 0261-3077, WEB, Polantz, Katelyn, 2023-09-19, Rudy Giuliani's former attorneys sue him for more than $1.3 million in unpaid legal fees,weblink 2023-10-05, CNN, en, Also in September 2023, Hunter Biden filed a civil lawsuit against Giuliani, his companies and attorney Robert Costello, alleging that they had spent years "hacking into, tampering with, manipulating, copying, disseminating, and generally obsessing over data that they were given that was taken or stolen from" his personal devices and caused "total annihilation" of his digital privacy.WEB, Cole, Devan, Reid, Paula, 2023-09-26, Hunter Biden sues Rudy Giuliani and his former attorney, alleging they tried to hack his devices,weblink 2023-10-05, CNN, en, WEB, 26 September 2023, Hunter Biden sues Trump ally Rudy Giuliani over data breach allegations,weblink 2023-10-05, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al Jazeera, en, WEB, Mangan, Dan, 2023-09-26, Hunter Biden sues former Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani over infamous laptop,weblink 2023-10-05, CNBC, en, In October 2023, Giuliani filed a defamation lawsuit in New Hampshire against President Joe Biden for referring to him as a "Russian pawn" during a 2020 presidential debate. Giuliani alleged that Biden's comments were false and that he had been personally harmed by them.WEB, Cohen, Zachary, Main, Alison, 2023-10-04, Rudy Giuliani sues Joe Biden for calling him a 'Russian pawn',weblink 2023-10-05, CNN, en, WEB, Schonfeld, Zach, 2023-10-04, Giuliani sues Biden for defamation over 'Russian pawn' remark,weblinkweblink dead, October 5, 2023, 2023-10-05, The Hill (newspaper), The Hill, en-US, The lawsuit was dismissed in March 2024.WEB, 2024-03-02, Giuliani appears to give up on his much-hyped 'Russian pawn' defamation suit against Biden,weblink 2024-03-06, Law & Crime, en,Other post-mayoral ventures
Giuliani Partners
After leaving the New York City mayor's office, Giuliani founded a security consulting business, Giuliani Partners LLC, in 2002, a firm that has been categorized by multiple media outlets as a lobbying entity capitalizing on Giuliani's name recognition,NEWS,weblink New York Daily News, Rudy Inc., or Rudy sink? Mayor's client roster could hurt '08 hopes, Saltonstall, David, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070211063741weblink">weblink February 11, 2007, January 7, 2007, May 17, 2023, NEWS,weblink September 6, 2002, American Idol, New York (magazine), New York magazine, 3, Chris, Smith, May 25, 2017, and which has been the subject of allegations surrounding staff hired by Giuliani and due to the firm's chosen client base. Over five years, Giuliani Partners earned more than $100{{spaces}}million.NEWS,weblink In Private Sector, Giuliani Parlayed Fame Into Wealth, Solomon, John, Mosk, Matthew, amp, The Washington Post, May 13, 2007, June 8, 2007, In June 2007, he stepped down as CEO and chairman of Giuliani Partners,NEWS,weblink Rudy no longer firm CEO, Brune, Tom, Newsday, December 5, 2007, December 6, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071206115153weblink">weblink December 6, 2007, dead, although this action was not made public until December 4, 2007;NEWS, Associated Press, Giuliani resigns as head of firm, calls his work there 'totally legal',weblink The Boston Globe, December 5, 2007, December 6, 2007, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090626231207weblink">weblink June 26, 2009, he maintained his equity interest in the firm. Giuliani subsequently returned to active participation in the firm following the election. In late 2009, Giuliani announced that they had a security consulting contract with Rio de Janeiro, Brazil regarding the 2016 Summer Olympics. He faced criticism in 2012 for advising people once allied with Slobodan Milošević who had lauded Serbian war criminals.NEWS,weblink Kirchick, James, James Kirchick, May 24, 2012, Rudy Giuliani's New Low, Tablet Magazine, May 25, 2012, File:Tomislav Nikolic & Rudy Giuliani-mc.rs.jpg|right|thumb|Serbian president Tomislav NikolićTomislav NikolićBracewell & Giuliani
In 2005, Giuliani joined the law firm of Bracewell & Patterson LLP (renamed Bracewell & Giuliani LLP) as a name partner and basis for the expanding firm's new New York office.NEWS,weblink May 17, 2023, Giuliani to Be Partner in Texas Law Firm, Healy, Patrick D., The New York Times, March 30, 2005, When he joined the Texas-based firm he brought Marc Mukasey, the son of Attorney General Michael Mukasey, into the firm.Despite a busy schedule, Giuliani was highly active in the day-to-day business of the law firm, which was a high-profile supplier of legal and lobbying services to the oil, gas, and energy industries. Its aggressive defense of pollution-causing coal-fired power plants threatened to cause political risk for Giuliani, but association with the firm helped Giuliani achieve fund-raising success in Texas.NEWS,weblink Giuliani's Tie to Texas Law Firm May Pose Risk, The New York Times, Buettner, Russ, May 2, 2007, May 17, 2023, In 2006, Giuliani acted as the lead counsel and lead spokesmen for Bracewell & Giuliani client Purdue Pharma, the makers of OxyContin, during their negotiations with federal prosecutors over charges that the pharmaceutical company misled the public about OxyContin's addictive properties. The agreement reached resulted in Purdue Pharma and some of its executives paying $634.5{{spaces}}million in fines.NEWS,weblink Big Part of OxyContin Profit Was Consumed by Penalties, The New York Times, June 19, 2007, Meier, Barry, June 30, 2022, Bracewell & Giuliani represented corporate clients before many U.S. government departments and agencies. Some clients have worked with corporations and foreign governments.NEWS,weblink Associated Press, East Bay Times, May 15, 2007, Theimer, Sharon, Giuliani's firm's work could be ethics problem, May 17, 2023, Giuliani left the firm in January 2016,NEWS, Ex-New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani Leaves Bracewell Law Firm,weblink May 12, 2016, Andrew, Schneider, January 20, 2016, KUHT, Houston Public Media, by "amicable agreement",NEWS,weblink Rudolph Giuliani to Join Greenberg Traurig Law Firm, Liz, Moyer, January 19, 2016, The New York Times, April 10, 2018, and the firm was rebranded as Bracewell LLP.Greenberg Traurig
In January 2016, Giuliani moved to the law firm Greenberg Traurig, where he served as the global chairman for Greenberg's cybersecurity and crisis management group, as well as a senior advisor to the firm's executive chairman. He took an unpaid leave of absence in April 2018 when he joined Trump's legal defense team.NEWS,weblink Trump attorney Giuliani resigns from private law firm, Samuelsohn, Darren, May 10, 2018, Politico, May 11, 2018, He resigned from the firm on May 9, 2018.NEWS, The New York Times,weblink May 10, 2018, Giuliani's Law Firm Undercuts His Statements as They Part Ways, Michael S., Schmidt, Maggie, Haberman, Maggie Haberman, May 17, 2023,Lobbying in Romania
In August 2018, Giuliani was retained by Freeh Group International Solutions, a global consulting firm run by former FBI Director Louis Freeh, which paid him a fee to lobby Romanian president Klaus Iohannis to change Romania's anti-corruption policy and reduce the role of the National Anticorruption Directorate. Giuliani argued that the anti-corruption efforts had gone too far.NEWS,weblink Giuliani got paid for advocacy in Romania, August 29, 2018, Marianne, Levine, Lili, Bayer, Politico, August 29, 2018, NEWS, Mediafax, Rudolph Giuliani, avocatul lui Donald Trump, scrisoare către Klaus Iohannis: Protocoalele promovate de Kovesi şi Maior subminează statul de drept, Rudolph Giuliani, Donald Trump's lawyer, letter to Klaus Iohannis: The protocols promoted by Kovesi and Major undermine the rule of law, ro,weblink August 26, 2018, Petriana, Condrut, August 29, 2018,Podcast
Giuliani launched a podcast, Rudy Giuliani's Common Sense, in January 2020.NEWS,weblink Giuliani launches 'common sense' podcast, urges impeachment case be dismissed, NBC News, January 24, 2020, Dareh, Gregorian, February 26, 2022, WEB,weblink rudygiulianics.com, Rudy Giuliani's Common Sense, February 26, 2022,Television appearances
Giuliani was reportedly revealed to be the first unmasking on the seventh season of The Masked Singer, which caused judges Ken Jeong and Robin Thicke to leave the set in disgust.WEB,weblink Unmasking Of Rudy Giuliani On Fox's The Masked Singer Prompts Judges Ken Jeong & Robin Thicke To Walk Off In Protest, Deadline Hollywood, Mike Jr., Fleming, February 2, 2022, February 2, 2022, Giuliani actually turned out to be the ninth unmasking as "Jack in the Box" of Team Bad. He mentioned that he partook in this show to do it for his newborn granddaughter. It was during his unmasked performance of George Thorogood's "Bad to the Bone" when Jeong walked off.WEB,weblink Ken Jeong Walks Off of The Masked Singer Set After 1 Contestant's Unmasking: 'I'm Done', People (magazine), People, Dana Rose, Falcone, April 20, 2022, April 22, 2022, WEB,weblink The Masked Singer Finally Unveils Rudy Giuliani: 'Is That Robert Duvall?', Deadline Hollywood, Peter, White, April 20, 2022, April 20, 2022,Personal life
Marriages and relationships
File:Nancy Reagan Rudy Giuliani Vito Fossella.jpg|thumb|right|Congressman Vito Fossella, former First Lady Nancy ReaganNancy ReaganGiuliani married Regina Peruggi, his second cousin, whom he had known since childhood, on October 26, 1968. The marriage was in trouble by the mid-1970s and they agreed to a trial separation in 1975.NEWS,weblink Rudy Giuliani's Vulnerabilities, February 12, 2007, The Smoking Gun, August 16, 2016, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070401203526weblink">weblink April 1, 2007, Peruggi did not accompany him to Washington when he accepted the job in the Attorney General's Office. Giuliani met local television personality Donna Hanover sometime in 1982, and they began dating when she was working in Miami. Giuliani filed for legal separation from Peruggi on August 12, 1982. The Giuliani-Peruggi marriage legally ended in two ways: a civil divorce was issued by the end of 1982,NEWS, Lynda, Richardson,weblink A Scholarly Fund-Raiser's Stroll to the Park, The New York Times, May 4, 2001, March 31, 2008, while a Roman Catholic church annulment of the marriage was granted at the end of 1983, reportedly because Giuliani had discovered that he and Peruggi were second cousins.Powell, Michael and Goldfarb, Zachary A. NEWS,weblink On 'Feeling Thermometer', Giuliani is the Hottest', The Washington Post, Michael, Powell, Zachary A., Goldfarb, March 8, 2006, A04, November 15, 2006, NEWS,weblink Giuliani To Wed At Gracie Mansion, CBS News, August 16, 2016, May 15, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130515062740weblink">weblink live, Associated Press, Alan Placa, Giuliani's best man, later became a priest and helped secure the annulment. Giuliani and Peruggi had no children.NEWS,weblink All not in the family for GOP hopeful Giuliani, CNN, March 6, 2007, December 12, 2007, Giuliani married Hanover in a Catholic ceremony at St. Monica's Church in Manhattan on April 15, 1984.MAGAZINE,weblink Lisa, Birnbach, 29 May 2000, Donna's Riskiest Role, New York (magazine), New York, August 16, 2016, They had two children, Andrew and Caroline Rose, who is a filmmaker in the LGBTQ+ community and has described herself as "multiverses apart" from her father.NEWS, Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair, Rudy Giuliani Is My Father. Please, Everyone, Vote for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris., Rose Caroline, Giuliani, October 15, 2020,weblink File:New York Air National Guard Major with Giulianis.jpg|thumb|A New York Air National Guard major poses with Rudy and Judith Giuliani at Yankee StadiumYankee StadiumGiuliani was still married to Hanover in May 1999 when he met Judith Nathan, a sales manager for a pharmaceutical company, at Club Macanudo, an Upper East Side cigar bar.NEWS, Eric, Konigsberg,weblink Drawing Fire, Judith Giuliani Gives Her Side, The New York Times, August 5, 2007, August 14, 2007, By 1996, Donna Hanover had reverted to her professional name and virtually stopped appearing in public with her husband amid rumors of marital problems.MAGAZINE, Margaret, Carlson, Margaret Carlson,weblink live, In Rudy's Playground, Time, July 11, 1999,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010211125714weblink">weblink February 15, 2007, February 11, 2001, Nathan and Giuliani formed an ongoing relationship.NEWS, Heidi, Evans,weblink Eager Judi left coal town in dust, Daily News (New York), Daily News, April 29, 2007, May 6, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110629165632weblink">weblink June 29, 2011, In summer 1999, Giuliani charged the costs for his NYPD security detail to obscure city agencies in order to keep his relationship with Nathan from public scrutiny.NEWS, Saul, Michael, Evans, Heidi, Saltonstall, David, amp, Mayor's Gal Got Security Earlier than We Knew,weblink New York Daily News, December 7, 2007, December 7, 2007, December 8, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071208115526weblink">weblink dead, The police department began providing Nathan with city-provided chauffeur services in early 2000.By March 2000, Giuliani had stopped wearing his wedding ring.NEWS,weblink Mayor Acknowledges 'Very Good Friend', Bumiller, Elisabeth, The New York Times, May 4, 2000, December 7, 2007, Elisabeth Bumiller, The appearances that he and Nathan made at functions and events became publicly visible,NEWS,weblink Metro Matters; 'Good Friend', A Marriage, And Voters, The New York Times, Joyce, Purnick, May 8, 2000, March 31, 2008, although they were not mentioned in the press.NEWS,weblink Rudy's 'very good friend', Drucker, Jesse, Salon.com, May 4, 2000, December 18, 2007, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080209104410weblink">weblink February 9, 2008, The Daily News and the New York Post both broke news of Giuliani's relationship with Nathan in early May 2000. Giuliani first publicly acknowledged her on May 3, 2000, when he said Judith was his "very good friend".On May 10, 2000, Giuliani held a press conference to announce that he intended to separate from Hanover.NEWS,weblink The Mayor's Separation; Excerpts From the Mayor's News Conference Concerning His Marriage, The New York Times, May 11, 2000, March 31, 2008, NEWS,weblink Pronounced 'Ex and Ex', The New York Times, Joyce, Wadler, July 14, 2002, January 5, 2007, Giuliani had not informed Hanover about his plans before the press conference.NEWS,weblink The Mayor's Separation: The Overview; Giuliani and His Wife of 16 Years Are Separating, The New York Times, Elisabeth, Bumiller, Elisabeth Bumiller, May 11, 2000, January 5, 2007, This was an omission for which Giuliani was widely criticized.BOOK,weblink Giuliani: Flawed or Flawless the Oral Biography, 9780471738350, Strober, Deborah Hart, Strober, Gerald S., January 16, 2007, Wiley,weblink The Softer, Gentler Rudy Giuliani: The Mayor's Poignant Last State of the City Address, 20 December 2023, Giuliani then went on to praise Nathan as a "very, very fine woman" and said about Hanover that "over the course of some period of time in many ways, we've grown to live independent and separate lives." Hours later Hanover said, "I had hoped that we could keep this marriage together. For several years, it was difficult to participate in Rudy's public life because of his relationship with one staff member,"NEWS, Lloyd, Grove,weblink The Thunderbolt, New York (magazine), New York Magazine, June 12, 2007, May 10, 2007, in reference to another woman who worked on Giuliani's staff.Giuliani moved out of Gracie Mansion by August 2001 and into an apartment with a couple he was friends with.NEWS, January 7, 2007,weblink Giuliani fears ex-wife will hit presidential bid, The Sunday Times, August 16, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070214202944weblink">weblink February 14, 2007, MAGAZINE,weblink Three's Company: Picking Up After Rudy, New York (magazine), New York, August 24, 2004, Jed, Heyman, June 29, 2021, Giuliani filed for divorce from Hanover in October 2000,NEWS,weblink Giuliani Divorce Settlement Reached, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20021228071913weblink">weblink December 28, 2002, CBS News, July 10, 2002, Associated Press, and a public battle broke out between their representatives.NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070223190810weblink">weblink dead, February 23, 2007, No Grace At Gracie Mansion, Time, May 20, 2001, Margaret, Carlson, May 22, 2010, Nathan was barred by court order from entering Gracie Mansion or meeting his children before the divorce was final.NEWS,weblink Hizzoner the Curmudgeon, The Washington Post, March 6, 2007, Jonathan, Capehart, March 30, 2010, In May 2001, Giuliani's attorney revealed that Giuliani was impotent due to prostate cancer treatments and had not had sex with Nathan for the preceding year. "You don't get through treatment for cancer and radiation all by yourself," Giuliani said. "You need people to help you and care for you and support you. And I'm very fortunate I had a lot of people who did that, but nobody did more to help me than Judith Nathan."NEWS, Elisabeth, Bumiller, Elisabeth Bumiller,weblink Giuliani Breaks Silence, Citing 'Adult' and 'Mature' Relationship, The New York Times, May 18, 2001, June 12, 2007, In a court case, Giuliani argued that he planned to introduce Nathan to his children on Father's Day 2001 and that Hanover had prevented this visit.NEWS,weblink Public Displays of Disaffection, Barrett, Wayne, August 15, 2007, The Village Voice, November 19, 2015, Giuliani and Hanover finally settled their divorce case in July 2002 after his mayoralty had ended, with Giuliani paying Hanover a $6.8{{spaces}}million settlement and granting her custody of their children.NEWS,weblink BBC News Online, Giuliani settles divorce out of court, July 10, 2002, January 4, 2010, Giuliani married Nathan on May 24, 2003, and gained a stepdaughter, Whitney. It was also Nathan's third marriage after two divorces.By March 2007, The New York Times and the Daily News reported that Giuliani had become estranged from both his son Andrew and his daughter Caroline.NEWS, Russ, Buettner, Richard, Perez-Pena,weblink Noticeably Absent From the Giuliani Campaign: His Children, The New York Times, March 3, 2007, June 12, 2007, Daniel Saltonstall, "Wife Makes Strive: Judi cause of tension with Dad{{snd}}Rudy's son", Daily News, March 3, 2007Nathan filed for divorce from Giuliani on April 4, 2018, after 15 years of marriage.NEWS,weblink Judith Giuliani files for divorce from Rudy Giuliani, The Washington Post, April 4, 2018, Emily, Heil, Reliable Source, April 10, 2018, According to an interview with New York magazine, "For a variety of reasons that I know as a spouse and a nurse{{spaces}}... he has become a different man."MAGAZINE,weblink The Giulianis Break Up, New York, August 31, 2018, Tish, Durkin, June 29, 2021, The divorce was settled on December 10, 2019.NEWS,weblink Report: Giuliani settles long divorce from his third wife, December 11, 2019, Associated Press, March 25, 2020,Prostate cancer
Giuliani's father died at age 73 of prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in April 1981. Nineteen years later, in April 2000, Giuliani, then aged 55, was diagnosed with prostate cancer following a prostate biopsy, after an elevated screening PSA.NEWS, Bumiller, Elisabeth, Elisabeth Bumiller, April 28, 2000, Giuliani fighting prostate cancer; Unsure on Senate, The New York Times, A1,weblink 21 December 2023, Giuliani would go on to make a full recovery, becoming a spokesman for cancer survivors.NEWS,weblink Giuliani: From survivor to cancer spokesman, CNBC News, June 18, 2005, November 28, 2020,COVID-19
Trump announced that Giuliani had contracted COVID-19 on December 6, 2020.NEWS, Holpuch, Amanda, December 6, 2020, Rudy Giuliani has coronavirus, Donald Trump says,weblink The Guardian, June 19, 2023, Giuliani was admitted to MedStar Georgetown University Hospital the same day.NEWS, Haberman, Maggie, December 6, 2020, Covid-19 Live Updates: Chief of Operation Warp Speed Sets Ambitious Timetable for U.S. Vaccinations, en-US, The New York Times,weblink December 6, 2020, 0362-4331, He was discharged from the hospital on December 9.NEWS,weblink Giuliani leaves hospital after being treated for coronavirus, Cole, Devan, December 9, 2020, CNN, December 10, 2020, NEWS, Diaz, Jaclyn, December 10, 2020, Giuliani Leaves Hospital After COVID-19 Treatment,weblink NPR, June 19, 2023, It was unclear when he received the positive test.NEWS,weblink Giuliani hospitalized after testing positive for coronavirus, Diamond, Jeremy, Fossum, Sam, Stracqualursi, Veronica, December 7, 2020, CNN, December 9, 2020, In the days leading up to the announcement, Giuliani had been to multiple indoor hearings without wearing a mask, and requested that others remove their masks.WEB, Olmstead, Molly, December 6, 2020, Rudy Giuliani Has Tested Positive for COVID, Trump Says,weblink December 6, 2020, Slate Magazine, en, The Arizona Legislature closed for one week starting on December 7, 2020, as 15 current and future members had met with Giuliani. He had also met with Republican legislators in Michigan and Georgia, potentially exposing them.NEWS, Levin, Bess, December 7, 2020, How Many People Had Rudy Giuliani Infected With COVID-19?,weblink Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair, June 19, 2023, WEB, Rosenblatt, Dillon, Shumway, Julia, December 6, 2020, Giuliani COVID-19 diagnosis closes Arizona Legislature,weblink December 6, 2020, Arizona Capital Times, en, NEWS, Blest, Paul, December 11, 2020, Giuliani Ignored COVID Restrictions Then Got Treatment You Can't Have,weblink Vice, June 19, 2023,Religious beliefs
Giuliani has declined to comment publicly on his religious practice and beliefs, although he identifies religion as an important part of his life. When asked if he is a practicing Catholic, Giuliani answered, "My religious affiliation, my religious practices and the degree to which I am a good or not-so-good Catholic, I prefer to leave to the priests."NEWS,weblink Outspoken Catholic Archbishop Raymond Burke Says He'd Deny Rudy Giuliani Communion – Fox News, October 3, 2007, Fox News, August 16, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130527183827weblink">weblink May 27, 2013, dead,Awards and honors
- In 1989, Syracuse University awarded Giuliani an honorary law degree; in 2022, the university announced that it was developing a process that would allow them to revoke Giuliani's degree.NEWS, Syracuse University is preparing to revoke Rudy Giuliani's honorary law degree, Hanna, Kang, Madison, Hall, December 28, 2022,weblink Business Insider, 21 December 2023,
- In 1998, Giuliani received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York".WEB,weblink Awards Program Overview, The Hundred Year Association of New York, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090827063054weblink">weblink August 27, 2009, 21 December 2023,
- {{flagicon|Savoy}} House of Savoy: Knight Grand Cross (motu proprio) of the Order of Merit of Savoy (December 2001)WEB,weblink dead, Events: 2001, House of Savoy,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20040420160832weblink">weblink April 1, 2009, 2004-04-20,
- {{flagicon|UK}} For his leadership on and after September 11, Giuliani was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on February 13, 2002.NEWS,weblink Transcript: Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani Knighted by Queen Elizabeth, February 7, 2001, American Morning, CNN, March 30, 2010, MAGAZINE, Stephen M., Silverman, Stephen M. Silverman,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160425215958weblink">weblink 21 December 2023, April 25, 2016, Queen Elizabeth Knights Rudy Giuliani, People, February 13, 2002,
- {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} He was awarded Medal of Heroism by President of the Czech Republic Václav Havel on October 28, 2002.WEB,weblink Seznam vyznamenaných – Pražský hrad, cs, List of honorees – Prague Castle, Hrad.cz, March 19, 2022,
- Giuliani was named Time magazine's "Person of the Year" for 2001
- In 2002, the Episcopal Diocese of New York gave Giuliani the Fiorello LaGuardia Public Service Award for Valor and Leadership in the Time of Global Crisis.NEWS, NY Episcopal Diocese Honors Former Mayor Giuliani With The Fiorello LaGuardia Public Service Award At St. Paul's Chapel For September 11 Leadership, PR Newswire,
- Also in 2002, former First Lady Nancy Reagan awarded Giuliani the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award.WEB,weblink Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081014162858weblink">weblink October 14, 2008, 21 December 2023,
- In 2002, he received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by{{spaces}}Jefferson Awards.WEB,weblink Past Winners, Jefferson Awards Foundation, June 4, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170511164857weblink">weblink May 11, 2017, dead,
- In 2003, Giuliani received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.WEB,weblink live, Academy of Achievement, 21 December 2021, Public Service,weblink 2016-12-15,
- Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa, University of Rhode Island, 2003 (revoked January 2022)NEWS, Borg, Linda, URI trustees vote unanimously to revoke honorary degrees to Michael Flynn, Rudy Giuliani,weblink The Providence Journal, January 21, 2022, 21 December 2023,
- In 2004, construction began on the Rudolph W. Giuliani Trauma Center at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York.NEWS,weblinkweblink 21 December 2023, dead, September 15, 2004, Naming center at Catholic hospital for Giuliani raises questions, Catholic News Service, Tracy, Early, September 13, 2004,
- In 2005, Giuliani received honorary degrees from Loyola College in MarylandNEWS,weblink Cardinal Denounces Honor for Giuliani, The Washington Post, Nick, Anderson, Alan, Cooperman, May 20, 2005, March 30, 2010, and Middlebury College.NEWS, Associated Press, Giuliani Speaks at College After Controversy,weblink Fox News, May 22, 2005, November 8, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071204041810weblink">weblink December 4, 2007, dead, In 2007, Giuliani received an honorary doctorate in public administration from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina. In 2021, Middlebury announced that it was revoking the degree given to Giuliani.NEWS, Folley, Aris, January 12, 2021, Vermont college revokes honorary degree for Giuliani,weblink The Hill, January 13, 2021,
- In 2006, Rudy and Judith Giuliani were honored by the American Heart Association at its annual Heart of the Hamptons benefit in Water Mill, New York.
- In 2007, Giuliani was honored by the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF), receiving the NIAF Special Achievement Award for Public Service.NEWS,weblink National Italian American Foundation, October 13, 2007, 32nd Anniversary Gala 2007 Review: All-Star Honorees Embrace Italian Heritage at 2007 NIAF Gala,weblink December 21, 2023, 2020-10-30, live,
- In 2007, Giuliani was awarded the Margaret Thatcher Medal of Freedom by the Atlantic Bridge.NEWS, Baxter, Sarah, September 16, 2007, Rudy Giuliani mocks Hillary claim to be Iron Lady, The Sunday Times, A1,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150529150524weblink">weblink dead, May 29, 2015, London, November 19, 2015,
- In the 2009 graduation ceremony for Drexel University's Earle Mack School of Law, Giuliani was the keynote speaker and recipient of an honorary degree.WEB, Earle Mack School of Law Inaugural Commencement,weblink May 22, 2009, Daily Digest, Drexel University, November 18, 2015, In 2021, Drexel announced that it was rescinding the degree.WEB,weblink Drexel University Rescinds Honorary Degree Awarded to Rudy Giuliani, August 13, 2021, Drexel University Office of the President, Drexel University, August 14, 2021,
- Giuliani was the Robert C. Vance Distinguished Lecturer at Central Connecticut State University in 2013.NEWS, Burnham, Johnny J., March 15, 2003,weblink Giuliani speaks at Vance Lecture series, New Britain Herald, November 19, 2015, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170322101910weblink">weblink March 22, 2017,
Media references
- In 1993, Giuliani made a cameo appearance as himself in the Seinfeld episode "The Non-Fat Yogurt", which is a fictionalized account of the 1993 mayoral election. Giuliani's scenes were filmed the morning after his real world election.AV MEDIA, Seinfeld Season 5: Inside Look – 'The Non-Fat Yogurt', DVD, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2005,
- In late 2000, Giuliani made an appearance as himself in the 11th season Law & Order episode titled "Endurence", where he introduces ADA Nora Lewin (portrayed by Dianne Wiest).WEB,weblink Endurance, TV Maze, February 11, 2024,
- In 2003, Giuliani was portrayed by James Woods in the USA Network television film (Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story).
- In 2018, Giuliani was portrayed multiple times on Saturday Night Live by Kate McKinnon.NEWS, Kate McKinnon Explains Why Her Rudy Giuliani Impression Came Naturally,weblink The Hollywood Reporter, May 18, 2018, December 2, 2018, Allison, Crist, McKinnon continued portraying him in 2019.NEWS, Wilstein, Matt,weblink SNL Turns Kate McKinnon's Rudy Giuliani Into the Joker, October 6, 2019, The Daily Beast, February 8, 2020, en,
- In 2020, Giuliani made a cameo appearance on a Netflix true crime limited series' (Fear City: New York vs The Mafia), talking about his role in leading the 1980s federal prosecution of the Five Families.WEB,weblink Netflix's New Mafia Doc Features Cameos From Giuliani and Trump, Slate (magazine), Slate, Sam, Adams, July 21, 2020, July 24, 2020,weblink July 23, 2020, live,
- In 2020, Giuliani made an unwitting appearance in Borat Subsequent Moviefilm. In the mockumentary film, Giuliani agrees to an interview with Borat's "daughter", Tutar (played by actress Maria Bakalova), who is disguised as a reporter. When invited to Tutar's hotel room, Giuliani proceeds to lie on her bed and reach inside his trousers; they are immediately interrupted by Borat, who says: "She 15. She too old for you."WEB, Chang, Justin, October 21, 2020, Review: Sacha Baron Cohen takes on Trump and coronavirus in clever, scattershot 'Borat' sequel,weblink Los Angeles Times, October 21, 2020, WEB, Shoard, Catherine, October 21, 2020, Rudy Giuliani faces questions after compromising scene in new Borat film,weblink The Guardian, October 22, 2020, Giuliani later disregarded the accusation, calling it a "complete fabrication" and saying he was rather "tucking in [his] shirt after taking off the recording equipment".WEB, Arkin, Daniel, October 27, 2020, Sacha Baron Cohen hits back at Rudy Giuliani over 'Borat' scene,weblink NBC News, October 28, 2020, In 2021, Giuliani won two Razzie awards for his part in the film{{snd}}for Worst Supporting Actor and, with his pants zipper for Worst Screen Combo.WEB, Colbert, Claire, April 24, 2021, Rudy Giuliani and the MyPillow Guy among 'winners' in 41st Annual Razzie Awards for worst in cinema,weblink CNN, May 1, 2021,
See also
- Disputes surrounding the 2020 United States presidential election results
- Electoral history of Rudy Giuliani
- List of alleged Georgia election racketeers
- Political positions of Rudy Giuliani
- Public image of Rudy Giuliani
- Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
- Timeline of New York City, 1990s–2000s
References
{{Reflist|25em|refs=Whether lionized or criticized, "Giuliani's cleanup", especially of Manhattan, most famously Times Square, is widely recognized:- JOURNAL, B., McKee, Rules and regulations alone can't revive America's downtowns, (Architecture: the AIA journal, Architecture), American Institute of Architects, March 1998, 87,weblink's+cleanup, 11, 21 December 2023,
- BOOK, Jane E., Jeffrey, Dramatic convergence in Times Square: Hrotsvit's Sapienta and Collapsable Giraffe's 3 Virgins, Phyllis R., Brown, Linda A., McMillin, Katharina M., Wilson, Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: Contexts, Identities, Affinities, and Performances, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2004, 251–252, 9780802089625,weblink
- BOOK, Alan, Sinfield, Alan Sinfield, Shakespeare, Authority, Sexuality: Unfinished Business in Cultural Materialism, New York, Routledge, 2006,weblink 195, 9781134143269,
- BOOK, David, Freeland, Automats, Taxi Dances, and Vaudeville: Excavating Manhattan's Lost Places of Leisure, New York & London, New York University Press, 2009, p 79, 9780814727638,weblinkweblink July 28, 2020, live, 20 December 2023,
- BOOK, Michael, Codella, Bruce, Bennett, Alphaville: 1988, Crime, Punishment, and the Battle for New York City's Lower East Side, New York, St. Martin's Press, 2010,weblink 286, 9781429948494,weblink November 7, 2023,
- BOOK, Ramón, Rivera-Servera, Performing Queer Latinidad: Dance, Sexuality, Politics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2012,weblink 147, 9780472028641,
- BOOK, Insight Guides Pocket New York, Apa Publications, 2016,weblink All that changed in the mid-1990s in Mayor Rudolf Giuliani's clean-up of the area. Gone are most of the hustlers, prostitutes, pornographic theaters and bookstores..., live,weblink's%20cleanup&f=false, 9781786710215, April 19, 2023, 21 December 2023,
Further reading
- BOOK, Ammann, Daniel, Daniel Ammann, The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2009, 978-0-312-57074-3, The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich,
- Barrett, Wayne, (2000). Rudy!: An Investigative Biography of Rudolph Giuliani. Basic Books; {{ISBN|0-7567-6114-X}} (Reprint by Diane Publishing Co.).
- BOOK, Barrett, Wayne, Collins, Dan, amp, 2006, Grand Illusion: The Untold Story of Rudy Giuliani and 9/11, HarperCollins, 978-0-06-053660-2,weblink
- BOOK, Bratton, William, Turnaround: How America's Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic, 1998, Random House, New York, 978-0-679-45251-5, Knobler, Peter,weblink
- Brodeur, Christopher X. (2002). Perverted Little Creep: Mayor Giuliani vs Mayor Brodeur. ExtremeNY books, {{ISBN|0-9741593-0-1}}.
- Dinkins, David N.; Knobler, Peter (2013). A Mayor's Life: Governing New York's Gorgeous Mosaic. PublicAffairs, {{ISBN|978-1-61039-301-0}}
- BOOK, Doney, Kristin, Giuliani, Rudolph W., What Will You Be?, Public/Private Initiatives Inc., 1998, What Will You Be?,
- BOOK, Giuliani, Rudolph W., Kurson, Ken, 2002, Leadership, Miramax Books, 978-0-7868-6841-4, Leadership (book),
- Gonzalez, Juan, (2002). Fallout: The Environmental Consequences of the World Trade Center Collapse. New Press, {{ISBN|1-56584-754-7}}.
- BOOK, John, Heilemann, John Heilemann, Mark, Halperin, Mark Halperin, Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime, HarperCollins, New York, 2010, 978-0-06-173363-5, Game Change,
- BOOK, Kirtzman, Andrew, 2001, Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City, HarperCollins, 978-0-06-009389-1,weblink
- Koch, Edward I. (1999). Giuliani: Nasty Man. Barricade Books. {{ISBN|1-56980-155-X}}.
- Mandery, Evan (1999). The Campaign: Rudy Giuliani, Ruth Messinger, Al Sharpton, and the Race to Be Mayor of New York City. Westview Press, {{ISBN|0-8133-6698-4}}.
- Newfield, Jack, (2003). The Full Rudy: The Man, the Myth, the Mania. Thunder's Mouth Press, {{ISBN|1-56025-482-3}}.
- Paterson, David "(Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity)."Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020.
- Polner, Robert, (2005). America's Mayor: The Hidden History of Rudy Giuliani's New York. Soft Skull Press, {{ISBN|1-932360-58-1}}.
- Polner, Robert, (2007). America's Mayor, America's President? The Strange Career of Rudy Giuliani. [Preface by Jimmy Breslin] Soft Skull Press, {{ISBN|1-933368-72-1}}.
- BOOK, Siegel, Fred, 2005, The Prince of the City: Giuliani, New York, and the Genius of American Life, Encounter Books, 978-1-59403-084-0, Fred Siegel,weblink
- BOOK, Strober, Deborah Hart, Strober, Gerald S., Giuliani: Flawed Or Flawless? The Oral Biography, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, 978-0-471-73835-0,
External links
{{sister project links|s=Author:Rudolph William Louis Giuliani|d=Q212648|c=Category:Rudy Giuliani|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|species=no|n=Category:Rudy Giuliani}}- {{CongLinks | congbio= | votesmart= | fec=P00003251 | congress= }}
- {{C-SPAN|1165}}
- {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Government/Elections/President/2008/Candidates/Giuliani,_Rudy}}
- La Guardia and Wagner Archives/The Giuliani Collection {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808120213weblink |date=August 8, 2012 }}
- TPM infographic: Tracking Rudy Giuliani's Foreign Dealings
- Suspension of Giuliani's New York State law license—Attorney Grievance Committee for the Supreme Court of the State of New York Appellate Division
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- "Rudy Giuliani" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:33am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
- "Rudy Giuliani" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 7:33am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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