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{{short description|Indian Telugu-language film industry}}{{Distinguish|text=Cinema of West Bengal, also called Tollywood}}{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}

factoids

| screens_per_capita = | distributors = Suresh Productions Vyjayanthi Movies DVV Entertainments Annapurna Studios Geetha Arts Arka Media Works Sri Venkateswara Creations Mythri Movie Makers Parameswara Art Productions UV Creations N.T.R. Arts Sri Sai Ganesh Productions Konidela Production Company G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment Varahi Chalana Chitram Haarika & Hassine Creations 14 Reels Entertainments | produced_year = 2022WEBSITE=INDIA TODAY, | produced_total = 219| produced_fictional = | produced_animated = | produced_documentary = | admissions_year = 2022DATE=31 JANUARY 2023 URL=HTTPS://WWW.LIVEMINT.COM/INDUSTRY/MEDIA/FOOTFALLSFORHINDIFILMSSLUMPUPTO50-11675188279041.HTML WEBSITE=MINT (NEWSPAPER) >LANGUAGE=EN, 27 JANUARY 2023 >TITLE=10K CRORE: RETURN OF THE BOX OFFICE ACCESS-DATE=14 FEBRUARY 2023 LANGUAGE=EN, | admissions_total = 233 million| admissions_per_capita = | admissions_national = | box_office_year = 2012| box_office_ref = | box_office_total = | box_office_national = }}Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, Hyderabad. {{As of|2021}}, Telugu cinema is the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office.NEWS, Kohli-Khandekar, Vanita, 4 February 2022, Rise of the South: Telugu cinema sets Indian box office on fire, Business Standard,www.business-standard.com/article/entertainment/rise-of-the-south-telugu-cinema-sets-indian-box-office-on-fire-122020400061_1.html, 11 October 2022, WEB, 15 February 2022, Why Telugu films gave Hindi films a run for their money in the pandemic,www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/why-telugu-films-gave-hindi-films-a-run-for-their-money-in-the-pandemic-322690-2022-02-15, 11 October 2022, Business Today (India), Business Today, en, Telugu films sold 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets in 2022, the highest among various film industries in India.Technical crafts of Telugu cinema, especially visual effects and cinematography, are considered as one of the most advanced in Indian cinema.BOOK, Ali, Maaz,books.google.com/books?id=rwsmEAAAQBAJ&dq=telugu+cinema&pg=PA250, Bollywood For Dummies, Khan, Maaz, Hussain, Anum, 24 March 2021, John Wiley & Sons, 978-1-119-78070-0, 250, en, The industry has produced some of India’s most expensive and highest-grossing films of all time. Telugu production (Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|Baahubali 2) (2017) is currently the highest-grossing film of all time in India. The Telugu film industry is home to Ramoji Film City, certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world measuring over {{Convert|1666|acre|lk=on}}.WEB, Largest film studio,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-film-studio, 2 January 2021, Guinness World Records, NEWS, Reith-Banks, Tash, 29 January 2019, Tollywood confidential: inside the world’s biggest film city, en-GB, The Guardian,www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jan/29/tollywood-confidential-inside-the-worlds-biggest-film-city, 25 June 2020, 0261-3077, Since 1909, filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and exhibiting them in different regions of Asia. He established the first Indian-owned cinema halls in South India.BOOK, Kasbekar, Asha,books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&dq=Andhra+Cinetone&pg=PA223, Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle, 2006, ABC-CLIO, 978-1-85109-636-7, 223, en, In 1921, he produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film.{{Refn|Encyclopaedia of early cinema, by Richard Abel, pp. 677, Bhishma Pratigya, 1921 filmBOOK, Thoraval, Yves,books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film), The Cinemas of India, 2000, Macmillan India, 978-0-333-93410-4, en, NEWS, W. Chandrakanth, Nijam cheppamantara, abaddham cheppamantara..., The Hindu,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070529031557www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070529031557www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020901390100.htm, 29 May 2007, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=9c1kAAAAMAAJ&q=Bhishma+Pratigna+(1921+film), Hindi Cinema Year Book, 2002, Screen World Publication, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=0wY6AQAAIAAJ&q=Bhishma+1921, Asian Film Directory and Who’s who, 1952, en, {{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=93}}|name=BP}} As the first Telugu film exhibitor and producer, Naidu is regarded as the ‘Father of Telugu cinema’.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=95}} The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada (1932) was directed by H. M. Reddy. In 1933, Sati Savitri directed by C. Pullayya received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice Film Festival.NEWS, Narasimham, M. L., 7 November 2010, Sati Savithri (1933), The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article871376.ece, dead, 8 July 2011,web.archive.org/web/20101113225918/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article871376.ece, 13 November 2010, Since its inception, Telugu cinema was known as the pre-eminent centre of Hindu mythological films in India.WEB, Narayanan, Sujatha, 9 May 2017, SS Rajamouli’s Baahubali follows Telugu cinema’s long tradition of mythological films,www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ss-rajamoulis-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-bahubali-2-follows-telugu-cinemas-long-tradition-of-mythological-films-3432532.html, 4 March 2023, Firstpost, en, Telugu cinema is where the genre of mythology has its deep-set roots in Indian motion picture history., From the late 1930s, films focused on contemporary living and social issues, like Raithu Bidda (1939), were produced and gradually gained prominence.Ten Telugu films were featured in CNN-IBN{{’s}} list of “100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time”.{{efn|Telugu films in the list include Pathala Bhairavi (1951), Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charitra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Sankarabharanam (1980), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989).NEWS, 100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time, IBNLive,ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html, dead, 11 June 2022,ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130424003536ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130424003536ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200.html, 24 April 2013, |group=note}} Though known for big-ticket, and masala films catering to wider audience, Telugu filmmakers have also forayed into parallel and arthouse films.BOOK, Senapati, Udai,books.google.com/books?id=C_VjEAAAQBAJ&dq=narsing+rao+parallel+films&pg=PA56, Film Making, 13 March 2022, K. K. Publications, 56, en, Parallel films like Daasi (1988), Thilaadanam (2000), Vanaja (2006) among others have won accolades at major film festivals including Berlin, Karlovy Vary, Moscow, and Busan.{{efn|Mrinal Sen’s Oka Oori Katha (1977) won the “Special Jury Prize” at “Karlovy Vary”;WEB, 25th National Film Awards,dff.nic.in/images/Documents/92_25thNfacatalogue.pdf, 4 October 2011, Directorate of Film Festivals, K. Viswanath’s Sankarabharanam (1980) won the “Prize of the Public” at the Besançon Film Festival of France, and Swathi Muthyam (1986) was India’s official entry to the 59th Academy Awards.WEB, K. Viswanath Film craft Page 6 DFF,dff.nic.in/images/Documents/88_29thNfacatalogue.pdf, 1 January 2013, WEB, 8th IFFI Archived copy,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=8IIFA.pdf, dead,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=8IIFA.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20180101233112iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=8IIFA.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20180101233112iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm8IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=8IIFA.pdf, 1 January 2018, 11 January 2018, B. Narsing Rao’s Maa Ooru (1987) won the “Media Wave Award” of Hungary; Daasi (1988) and Matti Manushulu (1990) won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th and 17th MIFF respectively.WEB, Mediawave Archívum (1991-2022) :: 1992 :: Filmes Díjlista,mwave.irq.hu/index.php?modul=menupontok&kod=18028&nyelv=+/index.php, mwave.irq.hu, WEB, Metro Plus Hyderabad / Travel : Unsung moments,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20050305213636www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20050305213636www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/01/stories/2005030100530300.htm, 5 March 2005, The Hindu, K. N. T. Sastry’s Thilaadanam (2000) received “New Currents Award” at the 7th Busan;WEB, Awards,www.biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892, dead,biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892," title="web.archive.org/web/20170620083906biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892,">web.archive.org/web/20170620083906biff.kr/Template/Builder/00000001/page.asp?page_num=4892, 20 June 2017, 27 June 2017, Busan International Film Festival, Rajnesh Domalpalli’s Vanaja (2006) won “Best First Feature Award” at the 57th Berlinale;WEB, 22 February 2008, Vanaja Best First Feature,www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2007/03_preistraeger_2007/03_preistraeger_2007.html, 22 August 2012, 57th Berlinale, |group=note}}Since the mid-2010s, Telugu cinema has pioneered the pan-Indian film movement, cutting across ethnic and linguistic barriers. Baahubali 2 (2017) won the Saturn Award for Best International Film. RRR (2022) is only the second non-English language film ever to make it to the National Board of Review’s (National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|Top Ten Films). It received various international accolades including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for the song “Naatu Naatu” and the Critics’ Choice Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

History

Early development

File:Raghupati Venkayya.jpg|left|thumb|194x194px|Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu, father of Telugu cinema.WEB, 11 September 2011, Telugu film industry turns 80,www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Telugu-film-industry-turns-80/article20334643.ece,web.archive.org/web/20210924164853/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Telugu-film-industry-turns-80/article20334643.ece, 24 September 2021, 11 October 2022, The Hindu Business Line, Mr Raghupati Venkaiah, regarded as the father of Telugu film industry, laid the foundation stone for the industry in the South by setting up Glass Studio and bringing one of the first cameras into the country., WEB, Nyayapati, Neeshita, 6 November 2019, Naresh’s ‘Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu’ has a release date,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nareshs-raghupathi-venkaiah-naidu-has-a-release-date/articleshow/71939175.cms, 11 October 2022, The Times of India, en, Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was known as the ‘father of Telugu cinema’., WEB, Visweswara Rao, Namala, Telugu Cinema Celebrity – Raghupati Venkaiah Naidu,www.idlebrain.com/celeb/starow/sow-rvn.html, Idlebrain.comIdlebrain.comRaghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was a photographer and photographic studio owner in Madras who was drawn into filmmaking. Since 1909, he was involved in producing short films.WEB, Kumar, Srikanth, 26 June 2010, Why AP Government named an award after Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu.,www.southscope.in/telugu/article/why-ap-government-named-award-after-raghupathi-venkaiah, dead,www.southscope.in/telugu/article/why-ap-government-named-award-after-raghupathi-venkaiah," title="web.archive.org/web/20141029205323www.southscope.in/telugu/article/why-ap-government-named-award-after-raghupathi-venkaiah,">web.archive.org/web/20141029205323www.southscope.in/telugu/article/why-ap-government-named-award-after-raghupathi-venkaiah, 29 October 2014, 29 October 2014, South Scope, He shot 12 three-minute-long short films and exhibited them in Victoria Public Hall, Madras. He also travelled to Bangalore, Vijayawada, Sri Lanka, Rangoon and Pegu to exhibit his films. In {{Circa|1909-10}}, he established a tent house called Esplanade in Madras to exhibit his films.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=95}} In {{Circa|1912-14}}, he established Gaiety Theatre on Mount Road, the first ever permanent cinema theatre in Madras and all of South India.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=95}}WEB, History of Birth and Growth of Telugu Cinema (Part 3),www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema3.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema3.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070411133017www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema3.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070411133017www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema3.htm, 11 April 2007, CineGoer.com, He later constructed Crown Theatre on Mint Street and Globe Theatre in Purasawakkam. In his theatres, he screened American and European films as well as silent films made in various parts of India.In 1919, he started a film production company called ‘Star of East Films’ also called ‘Glass Studio’, the first production company established by a Telugu person. He sent his son, Raghupati Surya Prakash Naidu (R. S. Prakash) to study filmmaking in the studios of England, Germany, and United States. In 1921, they made Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered as the first Telugu feature film.{{Refn|name=BP}} Venkaiah Naidu produced the film, while R. S. Prakash directed and produced it along with playing the title character Bhishma. As the first Telugu film exhibitor and producer, Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu is regarded as the ‘Father of Telugu cinema’.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=95}}From 1921 to 1931 about a dozen feature films were made by Telugu people.{{Harvnb|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=94}} C. Pullayya made a three-reel short film, Markandeya (1926 or 1931) at his house in Kakinada.BOOK, Parthasarathy, R.,books.google.com/books?id=uSleeGRjcvEC&q=C.+Pullayya, Andhra Culture: A Petal in Indian Lotus, 1984, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 128, en, In 1921, the first cinema hall in Andhra, Maruthi Cinema was established in Vijayawada by Pothina Srinivasa Rao.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=95}} Y. V. Rao and R. S. Prakash established a long-lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes {{Em dash}}Gajendra Moksham, Nandanar, and Matsyavataram {{Em dash}}three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.

Rise of the “talkie”

File:Bhakta Prahlada 1931.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full-length Telugu talkie to have a theatrical release.NEWS, Narasimham, M. L., 10 September 2011, Eighty glorious years of Telugu talkie, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2442172.ece, ]]The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was directed by H. M. Reddy, who directed the first bilingual (Tamil and Telugu) talkie Kalidas (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was shot over 18 or 20 days at Imperial Studios, Bombay and was produced by Ardeshir Irani who also produced Alam Ara, India’s first sound film.NEWS, Vamsi, Krishna, 6 February 2017, Tollywood turns 85: With the release of Bhakta Prahlada, this is how the industry was born, The Indian Express,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-turns-85-with-the-release-of-bhakta-prahlada-this-is-how-the-industry-was-born-4511000/, live, 7 March 2022,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-turns-85-with-the-release-of-bhakta-prahlada-this-is-how-the-industry-was-born-4511000/," title="web.archive.org/web/20180520162805indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-turns-85-with-the-release-of-bhakta-prahlada-this-is-how-the-industry-was-born-4511000/,">web.archive.org/web/20180520162805indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-turns-85-with-the-release-of-bhakta-prahlada-this-is-how-the-industry-was-born-4511000/, 20 May 2018, The film had an all-Telugu starcast featuring Sindhoori Krishna Rao as the titular Prahlada, Munipalle Subbayya as Hiranyakasyapa, and Surabhi Kamalabai as Leelavathy. Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,WEB, 7 February 2013, ‘Bhaktha Prahladha’: First Telugu talkie completes 81 years,ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html, dead,ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131218093804ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131218093804ibnlive.in.com/news/bhaktha-prahladha-first-telugu-talkie-completes-81-years/371363-71-216.html, 18 December 2013, 26 March 2014, CNN-IBN, which henceforth became known as “Telugu Film Day” to commemorate its completion.NEWS, 11 September 2011, Today’s Paper / NATIONAL : Telugu Cinema Day on September 15, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article2443500.ece, 25 August 2012, NEWS, Narasimham, M.L., 9 September 2012, Wake up, industry, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wake-up-industry/article3875804.ece, 26 March 2014, NEWS, 7 February 2013, Telugu Cinema turns a grand 82!, 10, The Hans India,rentalajayadeva.blogspot.in/2013/02/telugu-cinema-turns-grand-82.html, 26 March 2014, Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1932, Sagar Movietone produced Rama Paduka Pattabhishekam and Sakunthala, both directed by Sarvottam Badami.BOOK, Gita Vittal,books.google.com/books?id=EgYRwrtyPAIC&pg=PA72, Reflections: Experiences of a Bureaucrat’s Wife, 1 January 2007, Academic Foundation, 978-81-7188-471-1, 73–, 25 September 2014, Neither the producer nor the director of these two films were Telugus. In 1933, Pruthviputra, based on the story of Narakasura was released.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=101}} It starred Kalyanam Raghuramayya and was produced by Pothina Srinivasa Rao, who had previously built the first cinema hall in Andhra in 1921. This was the first Telugu talkie entirely financed by Telugu people.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=101}}In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lava Kusa. Directed by C. Pullayya and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.NEWS, 19 January 2007, Reliving the reel and the real, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070501115359www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070501115359www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/01/19/stories/2007011901020100.htm, 1 May 2007, {{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=101}} Dasari Kotiratnam produced Anasuya in 1935 and became the first female producer of Telugu film industry.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=102}} The first film studio in Andhra, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry.BOOK, Ramachandran, T. M.,books.google.com/books?id=Q9rthUDKxyEC&q=Durga+Cinetone+in+Rajahmundry, 70 Years of Indian Cinema, 1913-1983, Rukmini, S., 1985, CINEMA India-International, 978-0-86132-090-5, 477, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=HTluAAAAMAAJ&q=Durga+Cinetone+in+Rajahmundry, History and Culture of the Andhras, 1995, Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rau Vijnana Sarvaswa Sakha, Telugu University, 978-81-86073-07-0, 390, en, Sampurna Ramayanam (1936) was the first film produced by the studio relying mostly on local talent. In 1937, another studio called Andhra Cinetone was built in Visakhapatnam.BOOK, Srivastava, Manoj,books.google.com/books?id=18pBDwAAQBAJ&dq=Andhra+Cinetone&pg=PT111, Wide Angle: History of Indian Cinema, 6 December 2017, Notion Press, 978-1-946280-48-0, en, However, both the studios were short-lived.By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes. That year, under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film with a contemporary setting, was released. It was the first Telugu film with a modern-day setting as opposed to mythological and folklore films.{{Sfn|Mareswara Rao|1997|p=104}} Later, more ‘social films’ i.e. films based on contemporary life and social issues, were made by filmmakers. Notable among them was Vandemataram (1939), touching on societal problems like the practice of dowry. Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.WEB, Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120218150028www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120218150028www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema5.htm, 18 February 2012, 19 February 2012, CineGoer.com,

Cinema during the Crown Rule

{{multiple image| align = left| image1 = | image2 = YVRao.jpg| width2 = 220| alt2 = | caption2 = | image3 = Chittor V. Nagaiah.jpg| width3 = 195| alt3 = | caption3 = Y. V. Rao (left), pioneer of cinema during crown ruleGUY DATE=22 AUGUST 2003 URL=HTTP://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/THEHINDU/FR/2003/08/22/STORIES/2003082201400400.HTM ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://ARCHIVE.TODAY/20161119045811/HTTP://WWW.THEHINDU.COM/THEHINDU/FR/2003/08/22/STORIES/2003082201400400.HTM ACCESS-DATE=19 NOVEMBER 2016 THE HINDU, and stalwart V. Nagayya (right), known for his method acting.6 MAY 2011 URL=HTTP://BHARATJANANI.COM/PAUL-MUNI-OF-INDIA-CHITTOOR-V-NAGAYYA/ ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120326135647/HTTP://BHARATJANANI.COM/PAUL-MUNI-OF-INDIA-CHITTOOR-V-NAGAYYA/ ACCESS-DATE=21 SEPTEMBER 2011, Bharatjanani.com, }}In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Mala Pilla starring Kanchanamala. The film dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006, pp.14.WEB, Nostalgia Mala Pilla (1938) at Cinegoer.com,www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120926224130www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120926224130www.cinegoer.com/malapilla.htm, 26 September 2012, cinegoer.com, In 1939, he directed Raithu Bidda, starring thespian Bellary Raghava. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar’s during the British raj.WEB, Celebrating 100 Years of Indian Cinema: www.indiancinema100.in,indiancinema100.in/swadeshi/, dead,web.archive.org/web/20130921054328/https://indiancinema100.in/swadeshi/, 21 September 2013, 11 June 2022, indiancinema100.in, The success of these films gave an impetus to Y. V. Rao, B. N. Reddy and others to produce films on social themes. Viswa Mohini (1940) is the first Indian film depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi, starring V. Nagayya. Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama (1941–42) casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao.NEWS, 22 August 2003, A revolutionary filmmaker, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20040117021114www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20040117021114www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/08/22/stories/2003082201400400.htm, 17 January 2004, WEB, Y. V. Rao Fimograph,indiancine.ma/DQQ, Indiancine.ma, The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,WEB, 17 July 1943, Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120227192441www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120227192441www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema7.htm, 27 February 2012, 19 February 2012, CineGoer.com, a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.WEB, Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120218145901www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120218145901www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema10.htm, 18 February 2012, 19 February 2012, CineGoer.com, As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.WEB, Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120218130208www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120218130208www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema6.htm, 18 February 2012, 19 February 2012, CineGoer.com, Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Sri Seeta Rama Jananam (1944) under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao’s debut in a lead role.NEWS, Narasimham, M.L., 25 February 2012, Blast From The Past: Sri Sita Rama Jananam (1944), The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-sri-sita-rama-jananam-1944/article2931847.ece, 2 August 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210802112044/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-sri-sita-rama-jananam-1944/article2931847.ece, 2 August 2021,

Classical cinema and Golden Age

Malliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14 March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.Eenadu Daily, Eenadu Sunday – 28 April 2013, 100 years of Indian Cinema, Early Tollywood, Page 9WEB, Directorate of Film Festival,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf, dead,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20151227132032iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20151227132032iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf, 27 December 2015, 7 May 2013, iffi.nic.in, The film was directed by B. N. Reddy, a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and the Doctor of Letters honour.{{multiple image| align = right| image1 = Mayabazaar production still.jpg| width1 = 150| alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = NTR in Pathala Bhairavi.jpg| width2 = 150| alt2 = | caption2 = | image3 = Rajanala_and_Kanta_Rao.jpg| width3 = 210| alt3 = | caption3 = | image4 = Vedantam raghavaiah legendImage 1.jpg| width4 = 125| alt4 = | caption4 = From left to right: A production still of Mayabazar (1957), N. T. Rama Rao in Pathala Bhairavi (1951) the only south Indian film screened at International Film Festival of India>1st IFFI, Kanta Rao with Raajanala in a folklore combat scene, and Vedantam Raghavayya }}The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy, and mythological films.NEWS, 21 April 2006, ‘Maya Bazaar’ forever!, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20060514061059www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20060514061059www.hindu.com/fr/2006/04/21/stories/2006042101660100.htm, 14 May 2006, NEWS, 10 May 2011, Mythological characters, a hit in T-town, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers," title="web.archive.org/web/20120412081649articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers,">web.archive.org/web/20120412081649articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-10/news-interviews/29525563_1_magadheera-period-film-producers, 12 April 2012, WEB, 20 December 2010, I feel blessed to play Sita: Nayanthara,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-feel-blessed-to-play-sita-nayanthara/articleshow/7127966.cms, 19 February 2012, The Times of India on Mobile, Filmmakers like K. V. Reddy, B. Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre.NEWS, 22 June 2008, A new Jaganmohini, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas," title="web.archive.org/web/20120516155718articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas,">web.archive.org/web/20120516155718articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-06-22/news-interviews/27764059_1_jaganmohini-namitha-rural-areas, 16 May 2012, NEWS, 14 April 2006, Ace lensman recalls magic moments, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20060514024728www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20060514024728www.hindu.com/2006/04/14/stories/2006041409190200.htm, 14 May 2006, 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. K. V. Reddy’s Mayabazar (1957) is a landmark film in Indian cinema, a classic of Telugu cinema that inspired generations of filmmakers. It blends myth, fantasy, romance and humor in a timeless story, captivating audiences with its fantastical elements. The film excelled in various departments like cast performances, production design, music, cinematography and is particularly revered for its use of technology. The use of special effects, innovative for the 1950s, like the first illusion of moonlight, showcased technical brilliance.. Powerful performances and relatable themes ensure Mayabazar stays relevant, a classic enjoyed by new generations. On the centenary of Indian cinema in 2013, CNN-IBN included Mayabazar in its list of “100 greatest Indian films of all time”. In a poll conducted by CNN-IBN among those 100 films, Mayabazar was voted by the public as the “greatest Indian film of all time.“Relangi and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era.NEWS, M L Narasimham, Blast from the Past: Mahakavi Kalidasu (1960),www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-akkineni-nageswara-rao-sriranjani-sv-rangarao-rajasulochana-mudigonda-lingamurthy-csr-anjaneyulu-kvs-sarma-relangi-p-suribabu-rajasulochana-vasanthi/article8107169.ece, The Hindu, 14 January 2016, Nartanasala (1963) won three awards at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival in Jakarta.WEB, Directorate of Film Festival,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf, dead,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf," title="archive.today/20170502124953iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf,">archive.today/20170502124953iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf, 2 May 2017, 25 August 2012, Iffi.nic.in, Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India.Eenadu Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10 Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.NEWS, Guy, Randor, 30 November 2013, Master movie maker, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/master-movie-maker/article5408372.ece, 16 July 2022, WEB, Profile of Gummadi - Telugu film actor,www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/profile-gummadi.html, www.idlebrain.com, 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival.NEWS, Director Yoganand is no more – Telugu Movie News, indiaglitz.com,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20110613120616www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html,">web.archive.org/web/20110613120616www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/27325.html, dead, 13 June 2011, The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ, Collections, Update Video Publication, 1991, 387, Bapu’s directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.www.hindu.com/mp/2011/03/05/stories/2011030552160400.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20110623192302www.hindu.com/mp/2011/03/05/stories/2011030552160400.htm">Metro Plus Visakhapatnam / Cinema : Mullapudi leaves behind enduring legacy. The Hindu (5 March 2011). Retrieved 25 January 2013. In 1976, he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival, and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute.NEWS, Shivpprasadh, S., 21 February 2013, The Hindu article on Bapu, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/portrait-of-an-artist/article4439546.ece, NEWS, m.l. narasimham, 12 November 2011, Arts / Cinema : Preview: Epic comes full circle, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2621449.ece, 24 August 2012,

Rise of Tollywood

The nickname Tollywood is a portmanteau of the words Telugu and Hollywood.BOOK, 15 February 2022, Global Bollywood,books.google.com/books?id=2CqERCzWn5gC&dq=tollywood+telugu+and+hollywood&pg=PA95, 11 October 2022, 9780814729441, Kavoori, Anandam P., Punathambekar, Aswin, NYU Press, Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai.NEWS, S. Muthiah, 6 December 2009, Arts / History & Culture : Madras Miscellany – ‘The First Family’ gets together, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article60965.ece, 19 February 2012, Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai.NEWS, 18 April 2003, Stage set for technical excellence, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm, dead, 19 February 2012,www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20131103072501www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20131103072501www.hindu.com/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041801020500.htm, 3 November 2013, However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao’s political reign.NEWS, 14 November 2010, Film producer D.V.S. Raju passes away, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/news/national/article884479.ece, {{multiple image| image1 = S. V. Ranga Rao in Punyavathi (1967).jpg| caption1 = | total_width = 500| image2 = A.Nageswara Rao.jpg| caption2 = | image3 = Savitri Actress.jpg| caption3 = | image4 = Sowcar Janaki.jpg | caption4 = From left to right: S. V. Ranga Rao, Akkineni Nageswara Rao>A. Nageswara Rao, Savitri, and Sowcar Janaki}}Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, including Ramoji Film City, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment. There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Since 2005, many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries, while in the past, Telugu filmmakers drew inspiration from Bengali cinema and literature.NEWS, 18 November 2012, Great role reversal of Tollywood, The New Indian Express,www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2012/nov/18/the-great-role-reversal-of-tollywood-425879.html, 16 July 2022, Telugu film production accounts for one per cent of the gross domestic product of the region.NEWS, 16 September 2011, Telugu film industry turns 81, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2458703.ece, WEB, 31 January 2007, Telugu film industry, Ind: msg#00117,osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html, dead,osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20081225175017osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html,">web.archive.org/web/20081225175017osdir.com/ml/culture.region.india.zestmedia/2007-01/msg00117.html, 25 December 2008, 19 February 2012, Osdir.com, NEWS, B-town grabs Dookudu – The Times of India, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms, The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitised several cinemas in the region.WEB, 31 July 2009, UFO Moviez to digitize 1000 theatres in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh,businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/ufo-moviez-to-digitize-1000-theatres-in-andhra-pradesh/28910, 28 August 2012, businessofcinema.com, WEB, 6 December 2007, 100 New IMAX Screens | Film,www.slashfilm.com/2007/12/06/100-new-imax-screens, 21 September 2011, Slashfilm.com, The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India.NEWS, 6 April 2012, Annapurna Studios’ film, media school to offer course on iPhone, iPad apps, The Hindu, Hyderabad, India,www.business-standard.com/article/companies/annapurna-studios-film-media-school-to-offer-course-on-iphone-ipad-apps-111070200073_1.html, 2 March 2013, NEWS, 6 April 2012, FTIA, The Hindu, Hyderabad, India,www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm, dead, 6 April 2012,www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20040917154445www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20040917154445www.hindu.com/mp/2004/07/21/stories/2004072100070302.htm, 17 September 2004, The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theatres, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.NEWS, 9 August 2013, Economic times indiatimes.com, The Times of India,articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-09/news/41240683_1_telangana-rashtra-samithi-seemandhra-chiranjeevi, 15 April 2014, Being commercially consistent, Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.NEWS, 25 January 2006, Tamil, Telugu film industries outshine Bollywood, Business Standard India,www.business-standard.com/india/news/tamil-telugu-film-industries-outshine-bollywood/238821/, 19 February 2012, The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.WEB, Official Site of Guinnessworldrecords.com Largest Film studio in the world,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio, dead,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio," title="web.archive.org/web/20140119000128www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio,">web.archive.org/web/20140119000128www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/largest-film-studio, 19 January 2014, The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.NEWS, CNN Travel, CNN,travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-10-coolest-movie-theaters-355218, NEWS, 7 August 2011, Thehindu.com King of Good times Prasad’s Imax, The Hindu Newspaper, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article2332172.ece?, WEB, Dan Nosowitz, 30 May 2009, The Seven IMAX Wonders of the World,gizmodo.com/5273201/the-seven-imax-wonders-of-the-world, 10 February 2013, Gizmodo.com, As per the CBFC report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.REPORT,cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf, Annual report 2011, Central Board of Film Certification, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.,cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20130124081428cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20130124081428cbfcindia.gov.in/CbfcWeb/fckeditor/editor/images/Uploadedfiles/file/Publications/ANNUAL_2011.pdf, 24 January 2013, dead, The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.PRESS RELEASE, Reliance Media works digital postproduction facility, Hyderabad,www.reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545, 1 March 2012, dead,reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545," title="web.archive.org/web/20120510163423reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545,">web.archive.org/web/20120510163423reliancemediaworks.com/Press21.html?TB_iframe=true&height=500&width=545, 10 May 2012, WEB, UTV distribution market,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/33369.html,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/33369.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071204210512www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/33369.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071204210512www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/33369.html, dead, 4 December 2007, 1 March 2012, India Glitz, WEB, Mou with MPAA,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3205612.ece, 1 March 2012, The Hindu Cinema, In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.NEWS, 2 October 2010, Tollywood loses to Bollywood on numbers, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood," title="web.archive.org/web/20121029033400articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood,">web.archive.org/web/20121029033400articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-10-02/hyderabad/28254733_1_film-industry-telugu-tollywood-and-bollywood, 29 October 2012, WEB, 6 November 2007, Telugu film industry enters new era,www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm, unfit,www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20090811085956www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20090811085956www.blonnet.com/2007/11/06/stories/2007110650842300.htm, 11 August 2009, 12 November 2010, Blonnet.com, 1992 film Gharana Mogudu is the first Telugu film to gross over {{INR}}10 crore at the box office.NEWS, AS, Sashidhar, 17 August 2012, First Telugu film to gross 100 million, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption, dead, 19 July 2022,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption," title="web.archive.org/web/20130518083938articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption,">web.archive.org/web/20130518083938articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-17/did-you-know-/33248018_1_film-box-office-caption, 18 May 2013, Produced on a shoe string budget of {{INR}}1.2 crore, 2000 film Nuvve Kavali became sleeper hit of the late 1990s.NEWS, 25 April 2014, Nuvve Kavali’s budget was originally 75 lakhs, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/nuvve-kavalis-budget-was-originally-75-lakhs/articleshow/34190367.cms, 19 July 2022, WEB, rediff.com, Movies: The bigger picture,www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/07nuve2.htm, 19 July 2022, Rediff.com, It was screened for 200 days in 20 screens grossing over {{INR}}20 crore.NEWS, Kumar, K. Naresh, 14 July 2022, Nuvve Kavali: Romantic start to the new millennium, The Hans India,www.thehansindia.com/cinema/nuvve-kavali-romantic-start-to-the-new-millennium-753459, 19 July 2022, WEB, All Time Long Run (In Direct Centers) List,www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm,www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070515123606www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070515123606www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm, 15 May 2007, 12 January 2022, www.cinegoer.com, WEB, 7 December 2000, To the camera born!,www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/07nuve.htm, 19 July 2022, Rediff.com,

Neo Tollywood

File:emaar.jpg|thumb|Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007.NEWS, 8 December 2011, 56th Filmfare Awards South, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj, dead, 22 October 2011,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj," title="web.archive.org/web/20110913102236articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj,">web.archive.org/web/20110913102236articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-22/hyderabad/28188343_1_playback-singer-films-prakash-raj, 13 September 2011, NEWS, 11 June 2011, Idea Filmfare awards ceremony on July 2, The Times of IndiaThe Times of IndiaDasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in the Telugu language, exploring themes such as aesthestics in Meghasandesam (1982), Battle of Bobbili in the biographical war film Tandra Paparayudu (1986), alternate history with Sardar Papa Rayudu (1980), and gender discrimination in Kante Koothurne Kanu (1998) for which he received the Special Jury Award (Feature Film - Director) at the 46th National Film Awards.WEB, Directorate of Film Festival,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf, dead,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20130130012609iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20130130012609iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm11IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=11IIFA.pdf, 30 January 2013, 26 November 2016, K. Raghavendra Rao explored devotional themes with Agni Putrudu (1987), Annamayya (1997), Sri Ramadasu (2006), Shirdi Sai (2012) and Om Namo Venkatesaya (2017) receiving various state honours.NEWS, Tollywood extends birthday wishes to K Raghavendra Rao,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywood-extends-birthday-wishes-to-k-raghavendra-rao/articleshow/75915314.cms, 2 April 2021, The Times of India, 23 May 2020, Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369 (1991), the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes.NEWS, Narasimham, M. L., 12 October 2018, The story behind the song ‘ Nerajaanavule’ from the movie Aditya 369, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-story-behind-the-song-nerajaanavule-from-the-movie-aditya-369/article25201254.ece, 28 August 2019, The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human, inconsistent and insecure. The film’s narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel, as well as folklore generation of 1500 CE, which including a romantic backstory, the “Time Machine” made it a brilliant work of fiction.WEB, Singeetam Srinivasa Rao Interview: “The Golden Rule Of Cinema Is That There Is No Golden Rule”,silverscreen.in/tamil/features/interviews/singeetam-srinivasa-rao-interview-golden-rule-cinema-no-golden-rule/, dead,web.archive.org/web/20170103175919/https://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/interviews/singeetam-srinivasa-rao-interview-golden-rule-cinema-no-golden-rule/, 3 January 2017, 16 February 2017, Silverscreen.in, WEB, Srinivasan, Pavithra, 7 September 2010, Singeetham Srinivasa Rao’s gems before Christ,www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-singeetham-srinivasa-rao/20100907.htm, 16 July 2022, Rediff.com, NEWS, Sudeep’s excited about film with Ram Gopal Varma, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv," title="web.archive.org/web/20131102124438articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv,">web.archive.org/web/20131102124438articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-16/news-interviews/36373029_1_sudeep-ram-gopal-varma-rgv, 2 November 2013, Ram Gopal Varma’s Siva, which attained cult status in Telugu cinema, is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect.WEB, Pasupulate, Karthik, 20 February 2013, Power of the tongue,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms, dead,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20160419121417timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20160419121417timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Power-of-the-tongue/articleshow/18592146.cms, 19 April 2016, 19 April 2016, The Times of India, NEWS, Raghavan, Nikhil, 4 October 2010, A saga in the making?, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece, 20 April 2016,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece," title="web.archive.org/web/20160420093100www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece,">web.archive.org/web/20160420093100www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-saga-in-the-making/article812802.ece, 20 April 2016, Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films.WEB, Pasupulate, Karthik, 29 October 2015, Raj Tarun to star in a silent film by RGV,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms, dead,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20160419120901timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20160419120901timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Raj-Tarun-to-star-in-a-silent-film-by-RGV/articleshow/49567908.cms, 19 April 2016, 19 April 2016, The Times of India, Within a year of the film’s release, more than ten steadicams were imported into India.BOOK, Varma, Ram Gopal,s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/library/Guns%20and%20Thighs%20-%20The%20Story%20of%20My%20Life?sort=9&page=1, Guns and Thighs: The Story of My Life, 18 December 2015, Rupa Publications, 978-81-2913-749-4, Ram Gopal Varma, 16 May 2016,s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/library/Guns%20and%20Thighs%20-%20The%20Story%20of%20My%20Life?sort=9&page=1," title="web.archive.org/web/20160516015111s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/library/Guns%20and%20Thighs%20-%20The%20Story%20of%20My%20Life?sort=9&page=1,">web.archive.org/web/20160516015111s1303.photobucket.com/user/kailash29792/library/Guns%20and%20Thighs%20-%20The%20Story%20of%20My%20Life?sort=9&page=1, 16 May 2016, 138–139, Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run, and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films.BOOK, Chinnarayana, Pulagam,s1056.photobucket.com/user/PavanJandhyala/library/Siva?sort=3&page=1, శివ{{mdash, సెల్యులాయిడ్ చరిత్రలో సహజావేశం |trans-title=Siva{{mdash}}A natural frustration in the history of celluloid |language=Telugu |date=August 2007 |work=Telugu Naadi |location=United States |issn=1559-7008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531122221s1056.photobucket.com/user/PavanJandhyala/library/Siva?sort=3&page=1 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=9 April 2016 |page=53}}WEB, 5 October 2014, Nagarjuna’s Shiva completes 25 years,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms, dead,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20160419025043timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20160419025043timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-Shiva-completes-25-years/articleshow/44401475.cms, 19 April 2016, 19 April 2016, The Times of India, {{multiple image| align = right| image1 = K. Vishwanath at National Film Awards Function 2017.jpg| caption1 = | total_width = 500| image2 = Singeetam srinivasa rao.jpg| caption2 = | image3 = RamGopalVarma.jpg| caption3 = | image4 = S. S. Rajamouli at the trailer launch of Baahubali.jpg| caption4 = | footer = From left to right: K. Viswanath, Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, Ram Gopal Varma, S. S. Rajamouli}}{{multiple image| image1 = Jayaprada 62nd Filmfare Awards South (cropped).jpg| caption1 = Jayaprada| image2 = Vijayashanti in 1986.jpg| caption2 = Vijayashanti| total_width = 500| image3 = Sridevi 2014.jpg| caption3 = Sridevi| image4 = Anushka Shetty.jpg| caption4 = Anushka Shetty}}Subsequently, Varma introduced road movie and film-noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam. Varma experimented with close-to-life performances by the lead actors, which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers.WEB, telugu cinema – Good Films – Kshanakshanam – Venkatesh, Sridevi – Ram Gopal Varma – S Gopal Reddy – MM Keeravani,www.idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/kshanakshanam.html, dead,idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/kshanakshanam.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20111111214418idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/kshanakshanam.html,">web.archive.org/web/20111111214418idlebrain.com/nosta/jewels/kshanakshanam.html, 11 November 2011, 29 October 2019, idlebrain.com, It went on to gather a cult following in south India,WEB,news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19921016&printsec=frontpage&hl=en, The Indian Express - Google News Archive Search, news.google.com, with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, and the Fribourg Festival.BOOK, Rajadhyaksha, Ashish,books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&q=kshana+kshanam+encyclopedia+of+indian+cinema&pg=PA1994-IA196, Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, Willemen, Paul, 10 July 2014, Routledge, 978-1-135-94325-7, Google Books, NEWS, 18 May 2012, Edouard Waintrop on the New Indian Cinema : UP Front – India Today, India Today,indiatoday.intoday.in/story/edouard-waintrop-on-the-new-indian-cinema/1/189357.html, 27 September 2012, Chiranjeevi’s works such as the comedy thriller, Chantabbai, the vigilante thriller, Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6-Track Stereophonic sound,{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} the western thriller Kodama Simham, and the action thriller, Gang Leader, popularised genre films with the highest estimated footfall.NEWS, Gopalan, Krishna, 30 August 2008, Southern movie stars & politics: A long love affair, The Economic Times,economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3424194.cms, 19 September 2010, He received the Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award, in 2024.NEWS, Padma Vibhushan for Megastar Chiranjeevi,www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/padma-vibhushan-due-to-fans-love-support-says-chiru-879859, Deccan Chronicle, 25 January 2024, 10 February 2024, Reddiff.com cited Sekhar Kammula’s, National Award-winning Dollar Dreams (2000) as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor’s Hyderabad Blues (1998) ends.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings. The film re-introduced social realism to Telugu screen, and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot-boilers.WEB, Gangadhar, V, 17 July 2000, rediff.com, Movies: The Dollar Dreams review,m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jul/17dream.htm, 28 August 2019, Rediff.com, Vanaja (2006) won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children’s Film Festival.NEWS, 2007’s MediaBridge Award Winners, Chicago International Children’s Film Festival,cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22, dead, 17 February 2008,cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22," title="web.archive.org/web/20071222072017cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22,">web.archive.org/web/20071222072017cicff2007.org/content/youth-jury-media-bridge/22, 22 December 2007, Dream (2012), has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.WEB, 2013 Official Selections,www.canadafilmfestival.com/Festival/2013OfficialSelections/tabid/486/Default.aspx, dead,www.canadafilmfestival.com/Default.aspx?TabId=486&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1," title="web.archive.org/web/20130303084500www.canadafilmfestival.com/Default.aspx?TabId=486&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1,">web.archive.org/web/20130303084500www.canadafilmfestival.com/Default.aspx?TabId=486&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1, 3 March 2013, canadafilmfestival.com, NEWS, Krishnamoorthy, Suresh, 4 March 2013, ‘Dream’ hops to Canada in flying colours, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/dream-hops-to-canada-in-flying-colours/article4473298.ece, Eenadu daily, Eenadu Cinema, page 16, 11 April 2013 2013 Social problem film, Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Detroit Trinity International Film Festival.NEWS, Naa Bangaru Talli as Best film at Trinity International Film Festival, gulte.com,www.gulte.com/news/21232/International-Recognition-for-a-Telugu-film, WEB, 10 March 2014, ‘The story of Naa Bangaru Talli is quite shocking’,www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-story-of-naa-bangaru-talli-is-quite-shocking-south/20140310.htm, 16 July 2022, Rediff.com, NEWS, July 2014, ‘Naa Bangaru Talli’ made it big in the TIFF 2013, alllightsfilmmagazine.com,alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013, dead,alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013," title="web.archive.org/web/20140311153453alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013,">web.archive.org/web/20140311153453alllightsfilmmagazine.com/filmosphere/movies-more/news/688-naa-bangaru-talli-made-it-big-in-the-tiff-2013, 11 March 2014, Minugurulu (2014) about blind children received Best Indian Film at the “9th India International Children’s Film Festival Bangalore”.NEWS, ‘Minugurulu’ Grabs Best Indian Film CIICFF – Telugu Movie News, indiaglitz.com,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/102625.html,www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/102625.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140127131721www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/102625.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140127131721www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/102625.html, dead, 27 January 2014, 2013 Cultural film, O Friend, This Waiting! has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance, Indo-American Arts Council, New York, 2013.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} Experimental film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.WEB, 25 September 2014, International recognition for ‘Parampara’,www.indiaglitz.com/international-recognition-for-parampara-telugu-news-115048, 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the “Equality in Cinema Award” at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.WEB, Mahanati: 100 glorious days of an undisputed classic!,www.in.com/entertainment/regional/mahanati-100-glorious-days-of-an-undisputed-classic-184535.htm, dead,web.archive.org/web/20181108224505/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/mahanati-100-glorious-days-of-an-undisputed-classic-184535.htm, 8 November 2018, in.com, During the 1990s, the Rayalaseema dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area, while the Telangana dialect, already having been pegged to villainous and comedic roles, saw an increase in this usage in reaction to the shift of the Telugu film production from Madras to Hyderabad.WEB, 1 November 2021, Cinema Bandi: A pathbreaker in Telugu film industry,www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2021/06/10/cinema-bandi-a-pathbreaker-in-telugu-film-industry.html, The Week, WEB, 9 April 2021, From ‘Fidaa’ to ‘iSmart Shankar’: The rise of Telangana dialect in mainstream cinema,www.thenewsminute.com/article/fidaa-ismart-shankar-rise-telangana-dialect-mainstream-cinema-107328, 16 August 2019, The News Minute, After the formation of the state of Telangana in 2014, Telangana culture gained more prominence, and more films were produced portraying Telangana culture, and dialect.NEWS, R. Ravikanth, Reddy, 9 April 2021, Once-mocked Telangana dialect is now the mainstream,www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/once-mocked-dialect-is-now-the-mainstream/article24061375.ece, The Hindu, 1 June 2018, Hyderabad, 0971-751X, www.thehindu.com,

Sub-genres and off beat films

{{multiple image|image1=Chiranjeevi at Amitabh Bachchan’s 70th birthday celebration (cropped).jpg|caption1=Chiranjeevi|total_width=500|image2=Actor Nagarjuna.jpgAkkineni Nagarjuna>Nagarjuna|image3=Daggubati Venkatesh.jpgVenkatesh (actor)>Venkatesh|image4=Actor Nandamuri Balkrishna presents the Golden Peacock award to Gurvinder Singh for Anhey Ghorhey Da Daan (cropped).jpgNandamuri Balakrishna>Balakrishna}}Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe (2003) with a caption “all movies are not the same”. Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1.5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores. After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju (2005) both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences, produced by Gangaraju Gunnam.WEB, The Hindu : Different strokes,www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm,www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120318134502www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120318134502www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/14/stories/2003101400510100.htm, 18 March 2012, 20 February 2016, Aithe was remade in Tamil as Naam (2003) and in Malayalam as Wanted (2004).WEB, Telugu Cinema - Review - Aithe - Chandra Sekhar Eleti - Gangaraju Gunna - Kalyani Malik,www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-aithe.html, www.idlebrain.com, Mohana Krishna Indraganti explored the themes of chastity, and adultery in his literary adaption Grahanam (2004) (based on “Gunadosham” by social critic G. V. Chalam).WEB, Directorate of Film Festival,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2005Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2005.pdf,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2005Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2005.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140403153425iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2005Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2005.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140403153425iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/FrmIP2005Award.aspx?PdfName=IP2005.pdf, 3 April 2014, 22 September 2014, WEB, 52nd National Film Awards,www.dff.gov.in/images/Documents/50_52thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf, 27 March 2022, Directorate of Film Festivals, Grahanam was shot in 19 days with a digital camera.WEB,movies.fullhyderabad.com/grahanam/telugu/grahanam-movie-reviews-1414-2.html, Grahanam review: Grahanam (Telugu) Movie Review - fullhyd.com, {{Failed verification|date=March 2023}} B. Anuradha of Rediff.com cited “In this offbeat film, Indraganti upholds the tirade against chauvinists who accuse a noble lady of infidelity, ignoring her denials with contempt”. The film was featured at the Independent South Asian Film Festival in the United States.WEB, Grahanam: Impressive,www.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/29gra.htm, www.rediff.com, Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited Eega (2012) as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it “no less than a Hollywood superhero film”.WEB, 30 October 2012, Film Market In India Is Contracting: Shekhar Kapur,www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049,www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049," title="web.archive.org/web/20160404121926www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049,">web.archive.org/web/20160404121926www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049, 4 April 2016, 4 April 2016, Daily News and Analysis, Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an “awesomely original” film and a “must watch” with children.WEB, Sashidhar, A. S., 7 October 2012, Shahrukh Khan praises Rajamouli’s Makkhi,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms, dead,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20160404122124timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20160404122124timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shahrukh-Khan-praises-Rajamoulis-Makkhi/articleshow/16708215.cms, 4 April 2016, 4 April 2016, The Times of India, NEWS, Chowdary, Y. Sunita, 30 April 2015, In a happy space, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece, 4 April 2016,www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece," title="web.archive.org/web/20160404122148www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece,">web.archive.org/web/20160404122148www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/in-a-happy-space/article7159135.ece, 4 April 2016, Eega won various awards at the 8th Toronto After Dark Film Festival.NEWS, 3 November 2013, Rajamouli’s Eega continues to win awards, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rajamoulis-Eega-continues-to-win-awards/articleshow/25166198.cms, 4 November 2013, Sub Genre war drama Kanche (2015) by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazi attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign, during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste-ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition.WEB, Kalyanam, Rajeswari, 24 October 2015, Breaking new grounds,www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145,www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145," title="web.archive.org/web/20151025164933www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145,">web.archive.org/web/20151025164933www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-10-24/Breaking-new-grounds--182145, 25 October 2015, 5 February 2016, The Hans India, Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut Ghazi (2017), based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.WEB, 13 April 2018, 65th National Film Awards LIVE: Sridevi Posthumously Awarded Best Actress; Vinod Khanna Honoured With Dada Saheb Phalke Award,www.news18.com/news/movies/65th-national-film-awards-live-sridevi-posthumously-awarded-best-actress-for-mom-newton-wins-best-hindi-film-1717053.html, 13 April 2018, News 18date=13 April 2018, Indo-Asian News Service called new-generation film maker Sandeep Vanga’s Arjun Reddy the “most original, experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time”, and said the protagonist’s (played by Vijay Deverakonda) “rise, fall and rise ... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching”.NEWS, 26 August 2017, Arjun Reddy movie review: Intense, raw and unbelievably honest. 5 stars, Hindustan Times, Indo Asian News Service,www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html, 26 January 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180126154917/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html, 26 January 2018, Actor-dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film, I Am That Change (2014), to spread awareness on individual social responsibility. The movie was directed by Sukumar, which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day, 2014.NEWS, 23 September 2014, Allu Arjun’s new film rolls out, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms, 23 September 2014,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20141031164522timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20141031164522timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allu-Arjuns-new-film-rolls-out/articleshow/43241498.cms, 31 October 2014, Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo-noir Kshanam (2016), based on a real life incident of a missing three-year-old girl.NEWS, 22 February 2016, ‘Kshanam’ most rewarding and stressful film: Adivi Sesh, The Indian Express, Indo-Asian News Service,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/, dead, 21 November 2016,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/," title="web.archive.org/web/20161121130032indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/,">web.archive.org/web/20161121130032indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kshanam-most-rewarding-and-stressful-film-adivi-sesh/, 21 November 2016, Sesh followed it up writing R.A.W. thriller Goodachari (2018), and the war docudrama Major (2022).NEWS, 16 June 2022, Major BO Collections, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/major-box-office-collections-day-13-advi-sesh-starrer-mints-over-rs-60-crores/articleshow/92244880.cms, 16 June 2022, NEWS, Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi, 3 August 2018, Goodachari review: Adivi Sesh’s coming-of-age story of a spy is a winner, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/goodachari-review-adivi-seshs-coming-of-age-story-of-a-spy-is-a-winner/article24593253.ece, 21 August 2019, Cinema Bandi (2022) scripted and directed by Praveen Kandregula, and produced by film making duo Raj and D. K.; explored the theme of how a lost camera fuels dreams in a Telugu hamlet, winning the Jury Special Mention at the 53rd IFFI.NEWS,pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1870193, 53RD IFFI 2022 official, 22 October 2022, WEB,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/iffi-2022-winners-list-i-have-electric-dreams-8294772/, IFFI 2022 winners list: I Have Electric Dreams wins big, 28 November 2022, Venu Yeldandi explored slice of life story from rural Telangana with Balagam (2023) hitting the right chords to be considered one of the best off-beat films of the year by various international juries.NEWS, Kumar, Nelki Naresh, Balagam Swedish Film Festival: బ‌ల‌గం సినిమాకు మ‌రో రెండు ఇంట‌ర్నేష‌న‌ల్‌ అవార్డులు,telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/balagam-movie-wins-two-awards-at-swedish-international-film-festival-121683541819527.html, 5 August 2023, Hindustan Times (Telugu), 8 May 2023, te, NEWS, Low-budget Tollywood movie ‘Balagam’ gets two LACA awards,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/low-budget-tollywood-movie-balagam-gets-two-laca-awards/articleshow/99133037.cms, 5 August 2023, The Times of India, IANS, 31 March 2023, Paul Nicodemus of The Times of India cited Prashanth Varma’s super-hero film Hanu Man for merging elements of mythology with contemporary action, and offering a unique viewing experience in Indian cinema.NEWS,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/hanuman/movie-review/106740731.cms, Hanuman Movie Review : Blending Indian Mythology with Superhero Spectacle, The Times of India, 12 January 2024, 12 January 2024,web.archive.org/web/20240112024318/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/hanuman/movie-review/106740731.cms, live,

Spread to World markets

{{See also|List of highest-grossing Telugu films|}}File:Lv prasad statue .jpg|thumb|Statue of L. V. Prasad at Prasad’s IMAX theatre in HyderabadHyderabadAthadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose, Dallas, Detroit, Virginia, New Jersey, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, Minneapolis, Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts, MA, Tulsa at Oklahoma, West Virginia, Springfield, Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas. Because of the demand, another print was imported from India for screening.WEB, 6 January 2006, Athadu in USA,www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html, dead,www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20150413044109www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html,">web.archive.org/web/20150413044109www.idlebrain.com/us/schedu/athadu.html, 13 April 2015, 6 July 2014, idlebrain.com, WEB, 16 September 2005, Cycle Stand – Telugu Cinema Trade Story : Mahesh Babu’s ATHADU sensation in USA,idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html, dead,www.idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20150415225659www.idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html,">web.archive.org/web/20150415225659www.idlebrain.com/trade/tsynop/athadu.html, 15 April 2015, 6 July 2014, idlebrain.com, The film’s first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005.WEB, 12 August 2005, The experience of watching Athadu in New Jersey,idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/athadu-exp-newjersey.html, 6 July 2014, idlebrain.com, At Connecticut, a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005. Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened. There at the theatre, a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated.WEB, 22 August 2005, The experience of watching Athadu in CT,idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/athadu-exp-ct.html, 6 July 2014, idlebrain.com, Apart from USA, the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and Australia.File:Bahubali sets at RFC 05.jpg|thumb|Sets of Baahubali series at Ramoji Film CityRamoji Film CityBommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.WEB, Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks,www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html, dead,www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071227103112www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071227103112www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html, 27 December 2007, 16 October 2007, Idlebrain.com, It collected a distributors share of {{INR}}5 crore in its opening week in India. Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately {{INR}}0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening. A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of {{INR}}3 crore at that time.WEB, Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks,www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html, dead,www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20071227103112www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html,">web.archive.org/web/20071227103112www.idlebrain.com/trade/records/bommarillu.html, 27 December 2007, 16 October 2007, Idlebrain.com, A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be {{INR}}25 crore including {{INR}}3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into Tamil, Bengali, Oriya and Urdu/Hindi.NEWS, Narasimhan, M. L., 29 December 2006, A few hits and many flops, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm, dead, 17 October 2007,www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20070103213349www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20070103213349www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm, 3 January 2007, 2006 action film, Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film’s commercial success. It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.WEB, Showcase: IIFA 2006 – Dubai | Film Festival,www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm, dead,www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110927215524www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110927215524www.iifa.com/web07/showcase/2006-filmfestival.htm, 27 September 2011, 19 February 2012, IIFA, Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.WEB, 2010, Disney fantasy film in Telugu, Tamil,www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm, live,www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20100428053950www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20100428053950www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/04/22/stories/2010042251060500.htm, 28 April 2010, 21 April 2010, The Hindu, NEWS, 17 March 2010, Walt Disney picks Shruti, Siddharth!, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film, dead, 17 March 2010,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film," title="web.archive.org/web/20120321010831articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film,">web.archive.org/web/20120321010831articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-17/news-interviews/28114703_1_walt-disney-characters-film, 21 March 2012, Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States, the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you’ve never heard of.NEWS, 27 September 2011, ‘Dookudu,’ the biggest hit you’ve never heard of, Los Angeles Times,latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html, 27 September 2011, NEWS, Winning combo, The Times of India,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Winning-combo/articleshow/10277523.cms, 13 October 2011, NEWS, ‘Oosaravelli’ takes competition to the US, The New Indian Express,newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece,newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece," title="web.archive.org/web/20131029205824newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece,">web.archive.org/web/20131029205824newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece, dead, 29 October 2013, 10 December 2011, In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.NEWS, 20 November 2011, Dookudu touches the one billion mark, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer, dead, 29 December 2011,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer," title="web.archive.org/web/20130328043216articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer,">web.archive.org/web/20130328043216articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer, 28 March 2013, The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than {{INR}}100 crore at the time.NEWS, Karthik Paspulatte, 20 November 2011, Dookudu touches the one billion mark, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer, dead, 21 November 2011,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer," title="web.archive.org/web/20130328043216articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer,">web.archive.org/web/20130328043216articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-20/news-interviews/30419726_1_telugu-film-bollywood-films-mahesh-babu-starrer, 28 March 2013, NEWS, 13 September 2012, DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers, The Economic Times,articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-13/news/33817001_1_pvp-ventures-deccan-chargers-financial-chronicle, 13 September 2012, On 1 June 2022, RRR was screened in over 100 theatres across the United States for a one night event called ”#encoRRRe”.WEB, 14 May 2022, Indian action blockbuster ‘RRR’ roars back to theaters for one-night event,www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-05-14/rrr-us-rerelease-theaters-ss-rajamouli, Los Angeles Times, Speaking to Deadline Hollywood, Dylan Marchetti of Variance Films said that “With more than 250 films coming out of India annually, RRR could be a gateway drug”.WEB, Goldsmith, Jill, 10 June 2022, Blockbuster ‘RRR’ Is Back, This Time At Arthouses In A New Move For Indian Film – Specialty Preview,deadline.com/2022/06/rrr-indian-film-specialty-preview-1235042579/, 11 June 2022, Deadline, en-US, Nashville Scene{{’}}s Jason Shawhan wrote about the event that “the nationwide encore of RRR is American audiences reaching with outstretched arms to something so exciting and rock-solid entertaining that its success already happened without insular traditional media even mentioning it. This isn’t America dipping a toe in Indian cinema — it’s a victory lap”.WEB, Shawhan, Jason, The Outsized RRR Engages With History on Its Own Terms,www.nashvillescene.com/arts_culture/film_tv/the-outsized-rrr-engages-with-history-on-its-own-terms/article_5d1262b0-db9a-11ec-a161-0fd76a0e93c1.html, 5 June 2022, Nashville Scene, 26 May 2022, en, Filmmaker S. S. Rajamouli has been signed by American talent agency Creative Artists Agency, owing to RRR being the only non-English-language film to trend globally on Netflix Platform for 10 consecutive weeks.WEB, 23 September 2022, SS Rajamouli signs with Hollywood agency CAA days after RRR Oscars entry snub,www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/ss-rajamouli-signs-with-hollywood-agency-caa-days-after-rrr-oscars-entry-snub-101663927269237.html, 4 November 2022, Hindustan Times, en,

Pan-India film

{{See also|Pan-Indian film}}File:S. S. Rajamouli at RRR promotions.jpg|thumb|280x280px|S. S. RajamouliS. S. RajamouliPan-Indian film is a term related to Indian cinema that originated with Telugu cinema as a mainstream commercial cinema appealing to audiences across the country with a spread to world markets. S. S. Rajamouli pioneered the pan-Indian films movement with duology of epic action films (Baahubali: The Beginning) (2015) and (Baahubali 2: The Conclusion) (2017), that changed the face of Indian cinema.WEB, 1 April 2022, “Cinema’s Biggest Mythmaker”,openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/ss-rajamouli-cinemas-biggest-mythmaker/, “Pan-India film” is both a style of cinema and a distribution strategy, designed to universally appeal to audiences across the country and simultaneously released in multiple languages.WEB, 17 April 2021, ‘Pan-India’ films make a comeback,telanganatoday.com/pan-india-films-make-a-comeback, Film journalists and analysts, such as Baradwaj Rangan and Vishal Menon, have labelled Prabhas as the “first legit Pan-Indian Superstar” in Indian cinema.WEB, 20 August 2020, “Is Prabhas India’s First Legit PAN Indian Star?’”.,www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-movies-is-prabhas-indias-first-legit-pan-indian-star-baradwaj-rangan, Actors like Prabhas, Allu Arjun, Ram Charan and N. T. Rama Rao Jr. enjoy a nationwide popularity among the audiences after the release of their respective Pan-Indian films.WEB, May 24, 2023, Prabhas, Ram Charan to Yash: 6 celebs who established pan-Indian appeal with just one film,www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/prabhas-ram-charan-to-yash-6-celebs-who-established-pan-indian-appeal-with-just-one-film-1222628, Srivatsan S of The Hindu wrote that Telugu cinema has excelled in marketing Pan-Indian films. It primarily employed two strategies – promoting the film outside their home territory and collaborating with other regional stars for more visibility.NEWS, 7 January 2022, The ‘pan-Indian’ strategy of Telugu cinema, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-pan-indian-strategy-of-telugu-cinema/article38163523.ece, S, Srivatsan, Following the success of the Telugu films like (Pushpa: The Rise) (2021), RRR (2022) and (Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire|Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire) (2023), Rahul Devulapalli of The Week identified “Content, marketing, [and] indulgent overseas audience” have led to the rise of pan-Indian films from Telugu cinema.WEB, 5 June 2022, Here’s Telugu cinema’s formula for pan-India success, The Week (Indian magazine), The Week,www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2022/05/27/Heres-telugu-cinemas-formula-for-pan-india-success.html,

Cast and crew

{{multiple image|image1=Bhanumathi Ramakrishna 2013 stamp of India.jpg|caption1=|total_width=600|image2=Shibhan babu.png|caption2=|image3=Kota Srinivasa Rao 2016.JPG|caption3=|image4=Brahmanandam.png|caption4= |image5=Mohan_Babu_Manchu.jpg|caption5=From left to right: P. Bhanumathi>Bhanumathi on a postal stamp, Sobhan Babu, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Brahmanandam, and Mohan Babu}}V. Nagayya was one of the most influential method actors of Indian cinema during crown rule.NEWS, 8 April 2005, Nagaiah – noble, humble and kind-hearted, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20051125162147www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20051125162147www.hindu.com/fr/2005/04/08/stories/2005040800220400.htm, 25 November 2005, Vemuri Gaggaiah, Kalyanam Raghuramayya, R. Nageswara Rao, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Yadavalli Suryanarayana, C. H. Narayana Rao, Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.Early tollywood, Telugu Cinema Vythalikulu, (2002) by B. Venkateshwarlu S. V. Ranga Rao won Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Jakarta.WEB, Directorate of Film Festival,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf, dead,iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf," title="archive.today/20170502124953iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf,">archive.today/20170502124953iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm6IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=6IIFA.pdf, 2 May 2017, 16 August 2012, iffi.nic.in, Mahabhinishkramana, Viswa Nata Chakravarti, M. Sanjay Kishore, Sangam Akademy, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 69–70.Adurthi Subba Rao, garnered seven National Film Awards, for his pioneering work on drama films.WEB, Stars : Star Profiles : Adurti Subbarao: A Tribute,www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/adurtisubbarao.php, dead,www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/adurtisubbarao.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20131102072636www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/adurtisubbarao.php,">web.archive.org/web/20131102072636www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/adurtisubbarao.php, 2 November 2013, 5 May 2013, Telugucinema.com, K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their works in neo-realistic cinema.PRESS RELEASE, Arts / Cinema : Conscientious filmmaker, 7 May 2011,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1998948.ece, 25 August 2012, The Hindu, WEB, Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy – Poet, Film maker of international fame from NelloreOne Nellore,1nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/, dead,1nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/," title="web.archive.org/web/201410061020181nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/,">web.archive.org/web/201410061020181nellore.com/1849/tikkavarapu-pattabhirama-reddy-poet-film-maker-of-international-fame/, 6 October 2014, 25 April 2013, 1nellore.com, One Nellore, A. Kutumba Rao is known for directing children’s films such as Bhadram Koduko, Thodu, and Paatha Nagaramlo Pasivadu the latter winning Cairo International Film Festival’s, Merit Certificate for best feature.PRESS RELEASE, Long journey sans fun, 19 November 2002,www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm, 29 August 2012, dead,hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20101022073804hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20101022073804hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/11/19/stories/2002111900430200.htm, 22 October 2010, The Hindu, PRESS RELEASE, Children’s Film Society, India | Page 14, 23 November 2011, cfsindia,cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/, 29 August 2012, dead,cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/," title="web.archive.org/web/20131102115929cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/,">web.archive.org/web/20131102115929cfsindia.org/author/cfsindia/page/14/, 2 November 2013, Jandhyala, and Trivikram Srinivas are known for screwball comedy, and action comedy.NEWS, 8 decades of laughter, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy," title="web.archive.org/web/20130403054008articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy,">web.archive.org/web/20130403054008articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-30/news-interviews/38145395_1_kasturi-siva-rao-cinema-comedy, 3 April 2013, A. Sreekar Prasad garnered pan-India recognition for film editing across multiple languages.NEWS, Sudhish Kamath, 18 March 2011, Life & Style / Metroplus : The Saturday Interview – A cut above, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1550237.ece, 6 December 2011, Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first cinemascope film Alluri Seetarama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and bond movie styles to the Telugu screen.NEWS, Pasupulate, Karthik, 25 December 2012, Super Star Krishna retires from movies, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna, dead, 25 December 2012,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna," title="web.archive.org/web/20131102123258articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna,">web.archive.org/web/20131102123258articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/news-interviews/35998558_1_filmfare-award-nandi-awards-super-star-krishna, 2 November 2013, Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Keerthy Suresh, P. L. Narayana, Nagarjuna, and Allu Arjun fetched the National Film Award for acting. Chiranjeevi, was listed among “The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema” by IBN-live India.NEWS, 100 Years of Cinema: The men who changed the face of Indian films, ibnlive.in.com, CNN-IBN,ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html, dead,ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130217023206ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130217023206ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/12600-28.html, 17 February 2013, NEWS, 7 November 2006, AU confers honorary degrees on Chiru, others, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm, dead, 21 April 2011,www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20080205140414www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20080205140414www.hindu.com/2006/11/07/stories/2006110708900100.htm, 5 February 2008, Brahmanandam, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.NEWS, 15 December 2007, Guinness record for Brahmanandam, The Times of India,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu, dead, 10 October 2010,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu," title="web.archive.org/web/20121105170037articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu,">web.archive.org/web/20121105170037articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-12-15/news-interviews/27960977_1_brahmanandam-rare-honour-telugu, 5 November 2012, WEB, Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/Search/Details/Most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor/59409.htm, 21 September 2011, Guinness World Records, Veteran actor Mohan Babu starred in more than 500 feature films in a variety of antagonist and leading roles.NEWS, 25 October 2005, Mohan Babu’s Hollywood guest, 4, The Hindu,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/10/25/stories/2005102500840400.htm, dead, 30 October 2010,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/10/25/stories/2005102500840400.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120215003019www.hindu.com/mp/2005/10/25/stories/2005102500840400.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120215003019www.hindu.com/mp/2005/10/25/stories/2005102500840400.htm, 15 February 2012, The Hindu (old), Vijayachander acted and produced hagiographical films, he esaayed “Jesus of Nazareth” in Karunamayudu (1978), “Sai Baba of Shirdi” in Sri Shirdi Saibaba Mahathyam (1986), “Vemana” in Vemana Charithra (1986), and “Saint Paul” in Dayamayudu (1987).WEB, Y. Sunita Chowdhary, 12 November 2011, Arts: Stalwart Vijaya Chander,www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2621456.ece, 2 August 2012, The Hindu,

Cinematography and visual effects

{{multiple image|image1=Teja.photographer.jpg|caption1=|total_width=350|image2=Samalabhasker.jpg|caption2=From left to right: Cinematographer turned mainstream director Teja (director)>Teja at a shooting location, 1994; and Samala Bhasker on location, 2021}}V. N. Reddy, K. S. Prasad, Jaya Gummadi, Sudhakar Yakkanti, K. K. Senthil Kumar, and C. Rajendra Prasad garnered pan India recognition for their cinematographic works.WEB, Cinema – The Era Of Talking Movies – 1940–1950,asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm, dead,asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20131107214524asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20131107214524asia.isp.msu.edu/wbwoa/south_asia/india/Films.htm, 7 November 2013, 9 March 2011, Windows on Asia, NEWS, Bamzai, Kaveree, 18 July 1999, Back To The Future, The Indian Express, WEB, 16th National Film Awards,dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf, 22 September 2011, Directorate of Film Festivals, Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based high fantasy works have tasted success.NEWS, Borah, Prabalika M., 25 October 2012, The animated lot, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-animated-lot/article4030520.ece, Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan supervise visual effects. Lok Singh, Hari Anumolu, S. Gopal Reddy, Chota K. Naidu, and P. S. Vinod fetched various state honours for their works in popular cinema.PRESS RELEASE, 60th National Film Awards Announced, Press Information Bureau (PIB), India,pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf, 18 March 2013,

Film critics and jury members

Vasiraju Prakasam and K. N. T. Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the region.WEB, 48th National Film Awards,dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf, 13 March 2012, Directorate of Film Festivals, WEB, 54TH NATIONAL FILM AWARDS,www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf, dead,www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20090410075306www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20090410075306www.dff.nic.in/54th%20NFA%20Press%20Release.pdf, 10 April 2009, 8 February 2014, dff.nic.in, B. S. Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974, and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.WEB, Twenty Sixth National Film Festival,dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf, dead,dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20120424114857dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20120424114857dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf, 24 April 2012, 7 February 2014, Gummadi, served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982. He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th, 33rd, and 39th National Film Awards. Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th, 61st and 65th National Film Awards, as well as the 49th IFFI.NEWS, Jury-Chandra Siddhartha, 57th NFA, New Delhi, India,dff.nic.in/images/Documents/45_57thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf, NEWS, Jury-Chandra Siddhartha, 61st NFA, New Delhi, India,dff.nic.in/images/Documents/41_61stNfaArchives.pdf,

Film Score and Lyrics

Italian explorer Niccolò de’ Conti, who visited the Vijayanagara Empire during 15th-century, found that the words in the Telugu language follow a unique literary form that end with vowels, just like those in Italian, and hence referred to it as “The Italian of the East”.NEWS,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/when-foreigners-fell-in-love-with-telugu-language/article4227784.ece, When foreigners fell in love with Telugu language, M. Malleswara, Rao, The Hindu, 22 December 2012, 15 July 2019, 8 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200808053858/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/when-foreigners-fell-in-love-with-telugu-language/article4227784.ece, live, Classical Telugu film scores were inspired by this literary form used by scholars Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, and Gurajada Apparao.BOOK, Morris, Henry, A Descriptive and Historical Account of the Godavery District in the Presidency of Madras,books.google.com/books?id=P0AOJBShvRAC&pg=PA86, 2005, Asian Educational Services, 978-81-206-1973-9, 86, 29 January 2017, 13 October 2022,web.archive.org/web/20221013131427/https://books.google.com/books?id=P0AOJBShvRAC&pg=PA86, live, {{multiple image| image1 = Ghantasala_Venkateswara_Rao_2003_stamp_of_India.jpg| caption1 = | total_width = 550| image2 = Singer Sripathi Panditaradhyula Balasubramanyam.jpg| caption2 = | image3 = S Janaki in Pune, India 2007.JPG| caption3 = | image4 = P._Susheela.jpg| caption4 = From left to right: Ghantasala (musician)>Ghantasala on an Indian stamp, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, and P. Susheela}}{{multiple image| image1 = Sreeram chandra.jpg| caption1 = | total_width = 450| image2 = Hema chandra.png| caption2 = | image3 = Karunya-RFC 2.jpg| caption3 = From left to right: Sreerama Chandra, Hemachandra (singer)>Hema Chandra, and N. C. Karunya}}Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honours such as Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.Chaso Dolls Wedding & Other Stories – Page xii introduction by Renee David Shulman, 194, Cāsō – 2012 “But Vizianagaram in the mid-twentieth century was also home to other literati including the most famous poet in modern Telugu, Sri Sri (Srirangam Srinivasa Rao); Arudra, historian of Telugu literature, literary critic and poet; and Racakonda Visvanatha Sastri, the short-story writer whose statue you can find on the Visakhapatnam beach....“Dictionary of Hindu Literature KuÅ›a Satyendra – 2000 – Page 175 “Sriniwasaraw Srirangam (b 1910 Visakhapatnam). Telugu poet. Sri Sri, as he is popularly known, wrote his first poem at ...“Susarla Dakshinamurthi, Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, Ogirala Ramachandra Rao,Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.WEB, National : French honour for Balamuralikrishna,www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20050506050512www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20050506050512www.hindu.com/2005/05/03/stories/2005050312101300.htm, 6 May 2005, The Hindu, NEWS, Ramnarayan, Gowri, 26 June 2010, Maestro in many moods, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/maestro-in-many-moods/article487108.ece, WEB, Susarla’s work,www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html, dead,www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130504142600www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130504142600www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/narthanasala.html, 4 May 2013, uiowa.edu, University of Iowa, Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.WEB, cinegoer.net – Nostalgia – AVM’s Bhookailas,www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm, dead,www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20110929192609www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20110929192609www.cinegoer.com/bhookailas.htm, 29 September 2011, cinegoer.com, WEB, Special story on veteran music director Susarla Dakshinamurthy – Etv2, Susarla Dakshinamurthy, Music,www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2, dead,www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2," title="web.archive.org/web/20131005010025www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2,">web.archive.org/web/20131005010025www.telugism.com/video/special-story-veteran-music-director-susarla-dakshinamurthy-etv2, 5 October 2013, telugism.com, File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu presenting Ustad Bismillah Khan Award for Culture to Shri Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry, at an event to present Swarajya Awards 2017, in Panaji, Goa.jpg|thumb|250px|Former vice-president Venkaiah Naidu presenting Ustad Bismillah Khan Award for culture to veteran songwriter Sirivennela Seetharama SastrySirivennela Seetharama SastryMadhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.WEB, Friday Review Hyderabad / Music : Melodious tribute,www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20131005010911www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20131005010911www.hindu.com/fr/2008/07/11/stories/2008071150370200.htm, 5 October 2013, The Hindu, S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards.“SPB wins Padma Bhushan, no Bharat Ratna this year”. Deccan Chronicle. (26 January 2011). Retrieved 2 May 2011S. Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema; Rao’s most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios, which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.WEB, 27 October 2007, A Tribute to (Ra)Saluri Rajeshwara Rao,www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/srajeshwararao_oct27_printer.php, dead,www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/srajeshwararao_oct27_printer.php," title="web.archive.org/web/20120225071843www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/srajeshwararao_oct27_printer.php,">web.archive.org/web/20120225071843www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/starsprofile/srajeshwararao_oct27_printer.php, 25 February 2012, 23 March 2011, Telugucinema.com, Ghantasala, performed in the United States, England, and Germany. According to The Hindu, and The Indian Express he was “Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala’s blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing”.NEWS, 11 February 2003, Honouring a legend, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20031019232757www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20031019232757www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/11/stories/2003021100450100.htm, 19 October 2003, {{Additional citation needed|date=March 2023}}P. Susheela, has been recognised by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most songs in Indian languages.NEWS, Naig, Udhav, 29 March 2016, P. Susheela enters Guinness World Records, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/entertainment/veteran-playback-singer-p-susheela-recognised-by-guinness-and-asia-book-of-records/article8409692.ece?homepage=true, She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards.WEB, 13 November 2014, Happy Birthday PSusheela,www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-psusheela-telugu-news-118585.html,web.archive.org/web/20150813232941/https://www.indiaglitz.com/happy-birthday-psusheela-telugu-news-118585.html, 13 August 2015, 19 July 2022, IndiaGlitz.com, Works by S. Janaki, Ramesh Naidu, M. M. Keeravani, Chandrabose have received global recognition, the later fetching the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 2023 for “Naatu Naatu” from RRR.WEB,www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/golden-globes-2023-preview-1235291082/, The Golden Globes Auditions for Its Future, Scott, Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter, 9 January 2023, 10 January 2023, K. S. Chitra has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer. Multi-instrumentalists duo Raj–Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.WEB, Music duo Rajkoti will be honoured-News, Telugu movie news, latest news,www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html, dead,www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20141006080129www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html,">web.archive.org/web/20141006080129www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html, 6 October 2014, 22 October 2014, myfirstshow.com, WEB, Raj–Koti Reunited : Special Live show – ap7am,www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394, dead,www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394," title="web.archive.org/web/20110616055252www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394,">web.archive.org/web/20110616055252www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394, 16 June 2011, R. P. Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.WEB, No more Telugu music recording in Chennai,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers," title="web.archive.org/web/20130814180354articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers,">web.archive.org/web/20130814180354articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-24/hyderabad/39500848_1_telugu-entertainment-tax-singers, 14 August 2013, The Times of India, New age musicians Thaman S and Devi Sri Prasad received pan-Indian acclaim for works such as Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo (2020) and (Pushpa: The Rise) (2021) respectively.NEWS, Bureau, The Hindu, 22 July 2022, 68th National Film Awards {{!, Updates |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/68th-national-film-awards-live-here-are-all-the-winners/article65670011.ece |access-date=23 July 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}WEB,indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/, 69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun, RRR, Gangubai Kathiawadi win big, 24 August 2023, {{Indian cinema}}

Guinness records

• Guinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world, it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares (1,666 acres). With 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples.NEWS, 3 August 2005, Ramoji Film City sets Guinness record, The Hindu,www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/08/03/stories/2005080301301901.htm, 10 January 2012,
• D. Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films.NEWS, Press Information Bureau English Releases, Pib.nic.in,pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=65641, 25 August 2012,
• Dasari Narayana Rao holds the Guinness World Record as the most films directed with 151 films.WEB, 30 May 2017, Dasari Narayana Rao, pillar of Telugu film industry, passes away in Hyderabad,www.thenewsminute.com/article/dasari-narayana-rao-pillar-telugu-film-industry-passes-away-hyderabad-62871, 13 July 2021, The News Minute,
• Brahmanandam holds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in a single language, 1000+ films.WEB, 24 June 2010, Most screen credits for a living actor,www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/most-screen-credits-for-a-living-actor, 25 August 2012, Guinnessworldrecords.com,
• S. P. Balasubrahmanyam holds the Guinness World Record for having sung the most songs for any male playback singer in the world,WEB, BBC Asian Network - Gagan Grewal, SP Balasubramaniam,www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00v3k15, BBC, WEB, 5 March 1999, Singing his way to the guinness,www.spbala.com/press.asp, dead,www.spbala.com/press.asp," title="web.archive.org/web/20110719050816www.spbala.com/press.asp,">web.archive.org/web/20110719050816www.spbala.com/press.asp, 19 July 2011, 25 August 2012, Spbala.com, WEB, Vijayasarathy, R. G, 19 November 2009, Make way for SPB, the TV host!,movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/nov/19/slide-show-1-south-intreview-with-spb.htm, 25 August 2012, Rediff.com, with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu.
• Vijaya Nirmala holds a Guinness World Record as the female director with the most films, having made 47 films.NEWS, 7 March 2012, They call the shots, en-IN, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/they-call-the-shots/article2969786.ece, 11 March 2023, 0971-751X,
• In 2016, P. Susheela entered the Guinness Book of World Records for recording the highest number of songs in musical history.NEWS, Naig, Udhav, 29 March 2016, P. Susheela enters Guinness World Records, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/entertainment/veteran-playback-singer-p-susheela-recognised-by-guinness-and-asia-book-of-records/article8409692.ece, 19 July 2022,

Dubbed films

The 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai. According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, “as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States”.WEB, GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Andhra Pradesh Entertainment Tax Act, 1939,apfilmchamber.com/GOS/bc25a306-5984-4d40-81d4-13c1a5de5138.pdf, 3 March 2013, 4 March 2016,apfilmchamber.com/GOS/bc25a306-5984-4d40-81d4-13c1a5de5138.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20160304065001apfilmchamber.com/GOS/bc25a306-5984-4d40-81d4-13c1a5de5138.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20160304065001apfilmchamber.com/GOS/bc25a306-5984-4d40-81d4-13c1a5de5138.pdf, dead, Aarya movie was later dubbed to Malayalam.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Distribution

The Telugu-speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution, namely, Nizam, Ceded and Andhrawww.business-standard.com/article/specials/telangana-casts-its-shadow-on-telugu-film-industry-prospects-113073101015_1.htmlNEWS,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms, Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood, The Times of India, 31 July 2013,andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=588&cid=8&fid=701WEB,www.m9.news/movienews/recap-2022-top-distribution-houses-of-tollywood-in-usa/, Recap 2022: Top Distribution Houses of Tollywood in USA, 31 December 2022, M9.news,

Domestic territories {| class“wikitable“|+

!Territory!Areas Included|NizamTelangana, along with two List of districts in India>districts of Karnataka viz., Raichur district and Koppal district>Koppal|CededRayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh along with Ballari district>Bellary and Vijayanagar of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam district|Uttarandhra|Visakhapatnam district, Vizianagaram district, Srikakulam district, Anakapalli district and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district of Andhra Pradesh|EastEast Godavari district, Kakinada district, Konaseema district, Yanam district of Puducherry (union territory)>Puducherry and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district|West|West Godavari district, and parts of Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh|Krishna|Krishna district, NTR district and parts of Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh|Guntur|Guntur district, Bapatla district, Palnadu district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh|Nellore|Nellore district and parts of Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh|Karnataka|State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur, Koppal, Bellary and Vijayanagar, including Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu|State of Tamil Nadu including Pondicherry city, excluding Krishnagiri district|KeralaKerala including Mahé, India>Mahé and Lakshadweep|North/Rest of India|All the other regions of IndiaFrom the above territories, Nizam is known for the maximal earnings.

International territories {| class“wikitable“|+

!Territory!Areas Included|North America|North America including United States|UK & Europe|Europe including United Kingdom|South Africa|South Africa|UAE & GCC|United Arab Emirates and other Gulf Cooperation Council Countries|Singapore|Singapore|Japan|Japan|Malaysia|Malaysia|Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka|Australia |Countries of Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and PNG|Oceania|Other parts of Oceania|Rest of World|All other parts of the world excluding above Territories

Awards

• National Film Awards
• Dadasaheb Phalke Award
• Nandi Awards
• Raghupathi Venkaiah Award
• NTR National Award
• Filmfare Awards South
• IIFA Utsavam
• South Indian International Movie Awards
• Sangam Academy Award
• Chittoor Nagayya Puraskaram
• CineMAA Awards
• Allu Ramalingaiah Award
• Gollapudi Srinivas Award
• Tollywood GAAMA Awards
• Gemini Ugadi Puraskaralu
• Hyderabad Times Film Awards
• Vamsee Berkely Awards
• Akruti Film Awards
• FNCC Awards
• Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist’s Association Awards
• Santosham Film Awards
• T. Subbarami Reddy AwardNEWS, 10 April 2011, TSR-TV9 film awards function in city today,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars, dead,articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars," title="web.archive.org/web/20110928070706articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars,">web.archive.org/web/20110928070706articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/hyderabad/29403141_1_film-awards-playback-singer-bollywood-stars, 28 September 2011, The Times of India,
• ANR National Award
• Sakshi Excellence Awards

Studios

Major Filmmaking studios{{colbegin}}

• Ramanaidu Studios
• Saradhi Studios
• Ramakrishna Studios
• Padmalaya Studios
• Annapurna Studios
• Ramoji Film City

{{colend}}Visual effects and animation studios

• Prasad EFX – Magic in motion
• Pixelloid Studios
• Fire Fly Creative StudiosNEWS, Pre-visualisation, The Hindu,www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article860167.ece, NEWS, Sanath fire fly, digital lab, Hyderabad, The Hindu,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm, dead,www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20050720004641www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20050720004641www.hindu.com/mp/2005/07/19/stories/2005071900790400.htm, 20 July 2005,
• Makuta VFXNEWS, Suresh Krishnamoorthy, Cities / Hyderabad : With technology, ‘Eega’ takes wings, The Hindu, Chennai, India,www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3619276.ece, 19 September 2012, - closed now
• META VFX
• Halohues studios

See also

• List of Indian winners and nominees of the Academy Awards
• List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards
• List of highest-grossing Indian films
• List of South Indian film families
• List of silent films from South India
• Lists of Telugu-language films

Notes

{{reflist|group=note}}{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

• BOOK, Mareswara Rao, Akkina, 1997, Cultural and Ideological Mediation of Telugu Cinema in Colonial Andhra’s Past (1931–1947), University of Hyderabad,shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/25594/7/07_chapter%202.pdf,

Further reading

• BOOK, Shohini Chaudhuri,books.google.com/books?id=qOXoeyesZOIC&pg=PA149, Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia, Edinburgh University Press, 2005, 0-7486-1799-X, 149,
• BOOK, Gokulsing, K.,books.google.com/books?id=_plssuFIar8C&pg=PA132, Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change, Moti Gokulsing, Wimal, Trentham Books, 2004, 1-85856-329-1, 132,
• BOOK, Arnold, Alison, The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Taylor & Francis, 2000, 978-0-8240-4946-1, Pop Music and Audio-Cassette Technology: Southern Area – Film music,books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&q=A.+R.+Rehman+tamil&pg=RA2-PA554,

External links

• {{Commons category-inline}}

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