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{{Short description|American rock musician and actress (born 1964)}}{{About|the American rock singer|the band|Lois Maffeo|the American football player and coach|Courtney Love (American football)}}{{pp-blp|small=yes}}{{pp-move}}{{Featured article}}{{Use American English|date=June 2022}}{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}

factoids

| birth_place = San Francisco, California, U.S.Britep=24}}Courtney Menely{{sfn1998|p=24}}Courtney Love CobainSingersongwriter|actress}}| years_active = 1981–presentCourtney Love discography>filmography}}{{marriage1989end=annulled}}Kurt Cobain1994Suicide of Kurt Cobain>died}}}}| children = Frances Bean Cobain| mother = Linda Carroll

• Paula Fox(grandmother)
• Paul Hervey Fox(great-grandfather)

{edih}List of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love>Full list| module =

factoids

Sympathy for the Record IndustryCaroline Records>CarolineDGC Records>DGCVirgin Records>Virgin|Ghost Ramp}}Vocals|guitar}}| origin = Portland, Oregon, U.S.Hole (band)>Sugar BabydollPagan Babies (band)}}>Faith No More}}}}}}Courtney Michelle Love (née Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and actress. A figure in the alternative and grunge scenes of the 1990s, her career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. In 2020, NME named her one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years.Love had an itinerant childhood, but was primarily raised in Portland, Oregon, where she played in a series of short-lived bands and was active in the local punk scene. After briefly being in a juvenile hall, she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and pursuing an acting career. She appeared in supporting roles in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy (1986) and Straight to Hell (1987) before forming the band Hole in Los Angeles with guitarist Eric Erlandson. The group received critical acclaim from underground rock press for their 1991 debut album Pretty on the Inside, produced by Kim Gordon, while their second release, Live Through This (1994), was met with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales. In 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman's The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), which established her as a mainstream actress. The following year, Hole's third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), was nominated for three Grammy Awards.Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon (1999) and Trapped (2002), before releasing her first solo album, America's Sweetheart, in 2004. The subsequent several years were marred with publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug relapse, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. In 2020, she confirmed she was writing new music. Love has also been active as a writer; she co-created and co-wrote three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, and wrote a memoir, Dirty Blonde (2006).

Life and career

{{See also|List of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love}}

1964–1982: Childhood and education

Courtney Michelle Harrison was born July 9, 1964, at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital in San Francisco,{{sfn|Carroll|2005|p=144}} the first child of psychotherapist Linda Carroll (née Risi; born 1944) and Hank Harrison (1941–2022),WEB, The Galt Herald,weblink Hank Harrison, 81, played early role in Grateful Dead history, Armstrong, Lance, February 2, 2022, bot: unknown,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20220820131128weblink">weblink August 20, 2022, June 11, 2022, a publisher and road manager for the Grateful Dead.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 4:30}}{{sfn|Hunter|Segalstad|2009|p=197}} Her parents met at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963, and the two married in Reno, Nevada after Carroll discovered she was pregnant.{{sfn|Carroll|2005|p=131}} Carroll, who was adopted at birth,{{sfn|Carroll|2005|pages=19–21}} is the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150716111058weblink">weblink July 16, 2015,weblink The New York Observer, Courtney Loveless: Family Tree Remains Mystery as Feud with Grandma Sizzles, April 16, 2013, Freeman, Nate, NEWS,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151118201913weblink">weblink November 18, 2015,weblink The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph, Courtney Love: damage limitation, April 1, 2010, Garratt, Sheryl, Love's matrilineal great-grandmother was Elsie Fox (née de Sola),MAGAZINE,weblink The New Yorker, From Bad Beginnings, May 9, 2011, Acocella, Joan, live,weblink December 11, 2015, a Cuban writer who co-wrote the film The Last Train from Madrid with Love's great-grandfather, Paul Hervey Fox, cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks.MAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151119181246weblink">weblink November 19, 2015, Entertainment Weekly Staff,weblink Entertainment Weekly, Love is a Battlefield, March 22, 2002, {{sfn|Lahire|2011|p=453}} Phil Lesh, the founding bassist of the Grateful Dead, is Love's godfather.{{sfn|Buckley|Edroso|2003|p=499}}{{sfn|Rocco|Rocco|1999|p=224}} According to Love, she was named after Courtney Farrell, the protagonist of Pamela Moore's 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast.WEB, USA Today,weblink December 18, 2013, I love this book: 'Chocolates for Breakfast'date=June 26, 2013AIR-DATE=MARCH 3, 2002OXYGEN NETWORK>OXYGEN, Through her mother's subsequent marriages, Love has two younger half-sisters, three younger half-brothers (one of whom died in infancy), and one adopted brother.{{sfn2005|p=230}}Love spent her early years in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, until her parents divorced in 1970.{{sfn|Jung|2010|pages=188–189}} In a custody hearing, her mother, as well as one of her father's girlfriends, testified that Hank had dosed Courtney with LSD when she was a toddler.{{sfn|Jung|2010|pages=188–189}}{{sfn|Ladd-Taylor|Umanski|1998|p=327}} Carroll also alleged that Hank threatened to abduct his daughter and flee with her to a foreign country. Though Hank denied these allegations, his custody was revoked.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150818011317weblink">weblink August 18, 2015,weblink San Francisco Chronicle, Courtney and Dad – No Love Lost / He downplays estrangement, she won't see him, Selvin, Joel, May 11, 1995, In 1970, Carroll relocated with Love to the rural community of Marcola, Oregon where they lived along the Mohawk River while Carroll completed her psychology degree at the University of Oregon.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=24}} There, Carroll remarried to schoolteacher Frank Rodríguez, who legally adopted Love. Though Love was baptized a Roman Catholic,WEB,weblink Los Angeles Times, April 10, 1994, Cover Story: The Trials of Love: Just when Courtney Love should be focusing on Hole and her career, she can't help worrying about her husband, Kurt Cobain, Hilburn, Robert, Robert Hilburn, bot: unknown,weblink March 24, 2020, March 24, 2020, her mother maintained an unorthodox home; according to Love, "There were hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked [doing] Gestalt therapy", and her mother raised her in a gender-free household with "no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing".{{Sfn|Marks|1995|p=47}} Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, Oregon, where she struggled academically and socially.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=25}}EPISODE, Courtney Love, E! True Hollywood Story, E!, October 5, 2003, 8, 2, She has said that she began seeing psychiatrists at "like, [age] three. Observational therapy. TM for tots. You name it, I've been there." At age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism, among them tactile defensiveness.{{Sfn|Marks|1995|p=47}}{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=24–25}}{{Sfn|Carroll|2005|p=250}} Love commented in 1995: "When I talk about being introverted, I was diagnosed autistic. At an early age, I would not speak. Then I simply bloomed."In 1972, Love's mother divorced Rodríguez, remarried to sportswriter David Menely, and moved the family to Nelson, New Zealand.{{sfn|Carroll|2005|p=221}} Love was enrolled at Nelson College for Girls,NEWS, The New Zealand Herald,weblink Courtney Love: Dirty Blonde – The Diaries of Courtney Love, January 10, 2007, Kara, Scott, June 14, 2018,weblink but soon expelled for misbehavior.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=32}} In 1973, Carroll sent Love back to Portland, Oregon,{{Sfn|Marks|1995|p=46}} to be raised by her former stepfather and other family friends.{{sfn|Reisfeld|1996|p=67}}INTERVIEW, Episode 49: Courtney Love,weblink Unqualified, Anna Faris, August 23, 2016, August 24, 2016, I grew up in Portland, At age 14, Love was arrested for shoplifting from a Portland department storeNEWS, Chrissy, Iley,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070227205943weblink">weblink February 27, 2007, Courting disaster, The Times, October 22, 2006, and remanded at Hillcrest Correctional Facility, a juvenile hall in Salem, Oregon.{{sfn|Love|2006|pages=29–31}} While at Hillcrest, she became acquainted with records by Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, who later inspired her to start a band.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 11:29}} She was intermittently placed in foster care throughout late 1979 until becoming legally emancipated in 1980,{{sfn|Ladd-Taylor|Umanski|1998|p=327}}{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=37–48}} after which she remained staunchly estranged from her mother.WEB, Willamette Week,weblink Linda Carroll, Unplugged,weblink June 22, 2020, Starr, Karla, January 17, 2006, June 19, 2020, bot: unknown, Shortly after her emancipation, Love spent two months in Japan working as a topless dancer, but was deported after her passport was confiscated.{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=48}} She returned to Portland and began working at the strip club Mary's Club,{{sfn|Evans|1994|p=65}}WEB,weblink Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair, Love Child, June 1995, Sessums, Kevin, Kevin Sessums,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120112183005weblink">weblink January 12, 2012, adopting the surname Love to conceal her identity; she later adopted Love as her surname.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160303191343weblink">weblink March 3, 2016,weblink Seattle Weekly, Courtney's Family Curse, Appelo, Tim, October 9, 2006, She worked odd jobs, including as a DJ at a gay disco.{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=60}} Love said she lacked social skills,{{sfn|Yapp|2006|loc=event occurs at 20:20}} and learned them while frequenting gay clubs and spending time with drag queens.{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=44–46}} During this period, she enrolled at Portland State University, studying English and philosophy.{{Sfn|Brite|1998|p=63}}MAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141018230454weblink">weblink October 18, 2014,weblink Entertainment Weekly, The Power of Love, Dana, Kennedy, August 12, 1994, dead, She later commented that, had she not found a passion for music, she would have sought a career working with children.WEB,weblink The Georgia Straight, From the vaults: A 1999 interview with Hole's Courtney Love, Usinger, Mike, April 2, 2014, bot: unknown,weblink January 9, 2022, January 9, 2022, In 1981, Love was granted a small trust fund that had been left by her maternal grandparents, which she used to travel to Dublin, Ireland, where her biological father was living.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=51}} She audited courses at Trinity College, studying theology for two semesters.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=52}}WEB,weblink Yahoo, Yahoo Staff, Courtney Love receives honorary university award, October 19, 2011,weblink August 10, 2017, bot: unknown, May 7, 2016, She later received honorary patronage from Trinity's University Philosophical Society in 2010.NEWS,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160321041844weblink">weblink March 21, 2016,weblink The Daily Telegraph, The Telegraph, Courtney Love – Surprising honorary degree recipients, The Telegraph Staff, October 28, 2011, While in Dublin, Love met musician Julian Cope of the Teardrop Explodes at one of the band's concerts. Cope took a liking to Love and offered to let her stay at his Liverpool home in his absence. She traveled to London, where she was met by her friend and future bandmate, Robin Barbur, from Portland.{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=52–54}} Recalling Cope's offer, Love and Barbur moved into Cope's home with him and several other artists,WEB, The Guardian,weblink May 25, 2020, Courtney Love in Liverpool: the Scousers who taught the grunge icon how to rock, Haslam, David, bot: unknown, May 29, 2020,weblink May 30, 2020, {{sfn|Brite|1998|p=55}} including Pete de Freitas of Echo & the Bunnymen.{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=54–55}} De Freitas was initially hesitant to allow the girls to stay, but acquiesced as they were "alarmingly young and obviously had nowhere else to go".{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=54}} Love recalled: "They kind of took me in. I was sort of a mascot; I would get them coffee or tea during rehearsals."INTERVIEW, Courtney Love, Sophia, Amoruso, January 6, 2016, #Girlboss Radio, Courtney Love – Nasty Galaxy, SoundCloud,weblink Cope writes of Love frequently in his 1994 autobiography, Head-On, in which he refers to her as "the adolescent".WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090408222717weblink">weblink April 8, 2009,weblink Julian Cope Presents Head Heritage: Drudical Q&A Miscellaneous, Julian, Cope, HeadHeritage.co.uk, Q: Is Courtney Love the adolescent??? (Jeanette) A: Oh yes., In July 1982, Love returned to the United States. In late 1982, she attended a Faith No More concert in San Francisco and convinced the members to let her join as a singer.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 16:07}}WEB, Sutton, Michael, AllMusic, Courtney Love Biography,weblinkweblink September 30, 2018, bot: unknown, September 29, 2018, The group recorded material with Love as a vocalist, but fired her; according to keyboardist Roddy Bottum, who remained Love's friend in the years after, the band wanted a "male energy".{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 16:39}} Love returned to working abroad as an erotic dancer, briefly in Taiwan, and then at a taxi dance hall in Hong Kong.{{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=47–48, 66–70}}{{sfn|Roshan|2012|p=36}} By Love's account, she first used heroin while working at the Hong Kong dance hall, having mistaken it for cocaine.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=67}} While still inebriated from the drug, Love was pursued by a wealthy male client who requested that she return with him to the Philippines, and gave her money to purchase new clothes.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=67}} She used the money to purchase an airfare back to the United States.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=67}}

1983–1987: Early music projects and film

At age 19, through her then-boyfriend's mother, film costume designer Bernadene Mann, Love took a job at Paramount Studios cleaning out the wardrobe department of vintage pieces that had suffered dry rot or other damage.NEWS, The New York Times, Wilson, Eric,weblink Courtney Love: 'I'd Like to be Trusted Again', November 7, 2010, bot: unknown,weblink April 11, 2021, April 11, 2021, During this time, Love became interested in vintage fashion.WEB,weblink Glamour (magazine), Glamour, Courtney Love Has Created Her First Collection and I Want It All!, October 25, 2012, Wicks, Amy, bot: unknown,weblink April 11, 2021, April 11, 2021, She subsequently returned to Portland, where she formed short-lived musical projects with her friends Ursula Wehr and Robin Barbur (namely Sugar Babylon, later known as Sugar Babydoll).{{efn|There are several different versions in circulation of how Sugar Babydoll (and later, Pagan Babies) formed. The version told in the E! True Hollywood Story as told by Kat Bjelland fails to mention the alternate names of the group, though Love's 1998 biography by Poppy Z. Brite notes the shift in name from Sugar Babylon to Sugar Babydoll.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=79}}}}{{Sfn|Marks|1995|pages=47–48}} Love briefly fronted Faith no More when they did their first TV appearance in 1984: she sang with a Siouxsie Sioux-style vocal.WEB,weblink Loudersound.com/, Watch ten rock stars from the 90s in their earlier bands, December 18, 2023, Doherty, Niall,weblink December 18, 2023, After meeting Kat Bjelland at the Satyricon nightclub in 1984, the two formed the group the Pagan Babies.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 17:03}} Love asked Bjelland to start the band with her as a guitarist, and the two moved to San Francisco in June 1985, where they recruited bassist Jennifer Finch and drummer Janis Tanaka.WEB,weblink Elle (magazine), Elle, The Evolution of Courtney Love, July 9, 2014, Garis, Mary Grace,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160910014441weblink">weblink September 10, 2016, According to Bjelland, "[Courtney] didn't play an instrument at the time" aside from keyboards, so Bjelland would transcribe Love's musical ideas on guitar for her. The group played several house shows and recorded one 4-track demo before disbanding in late 1985.{{Sfn|Evans|1994|p=60}} After Pagan Babies, Love moved to Minneapolis, where Bjelland had formed the group Babes in Toyland, and briefly worked as a concert promoter before returning to California. Drummer Lori Barbero recalled Love's time in Minneapolis: {{blockquote|She lived in my house for a little while. And then we did a concert at the Orpheum. It was in 1988. It was called O-88 with Butthole Surfers, Cows & Bastards, Run Westy Run, and Babes in Toyland. And I guess Maureen [Herman] took Courtney to the airport after she stole all the money. She stayed and stayed, and then the next day she wanted me to take her to the airport. And so I drove her to the airport. She had just had some weird fight with the guy at the desk, and then she left. She said, "I'm going to go to L.A. and I'm going to get my face done and I'm going to be famous." And then she did.WEB,weblink A California desert interview with Babes in Toyland, Swensson, Andrea, March 11, 2015, live,weblink May 30, 2020, The Current, May 2, 2019, }}File:Courtney Love 1986 publicity headshot.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|right|Love in a publicity headshot for Straight to HellStraight to HellDeciding to shift her focus to acting, Love enrolled at the San Francisco Art InstituteWEB,weblink Spin, Inside Courtney Love's 'And She's Not Even Pretty' Art Exhibit, May 7, 2012, Grow, Kory,weblink October 4, 2015, and studied film under experimental director George Kuchar,WEB,weblink December 3, 2013,weblink The Bay Citizen, Prolific, Profane and Profound: George Kuchar (1942–2011), September 7, 2011, Korn, Jon, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111122092026weblink">weblink November 22, 2011, Harvard Film Archive, Harvard Film Archive Collections, Harvard University, Rest in peace, George Kuchar, September 7, 2011, featuring in one of his short films, Club Vatican.WEB,weblink Internet Movie Database, Club Vatican (1984), July 16, 2013, WEB,weblink Courtney Love and Devendra Banhart appeared in Kuchar's class pictures before they were famous.,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131105174700weblink">weblink The A.V. Club, Corruption of the damned: A conversation with George Kuchar, April 8, 2010, October 31, 2013, Angelina, Krahn, November 5, 2013, dead, WEB,weblink Bay Area Reporter, Beyond the Planet of the Kuchars, April 15, 2010, dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20120629054512weblink">weblink June 29, 2012, Lamble, David, November 11, 2011, She also took experimental theater courses in Oakland taught by Whoopi Goldberg.WEB,weblink Whoopi Goldberg Really, Really Doesn't Care, Fitzsimons, Amanda, Glamour (magazine), Glamour, September 21, 2018, bot: unknown,weblink September 24, 2020, May 30, 2020, In 1985, Love submitted an audition tape for the role of Nancy Spungen in the Sid Vicious biopic Sid and Nancy (1986) and was given a minor supporting role by director Alex Cox.NEWS, Courtney Love: Force of Nature, BBC News Worldwide, February 4, 2003,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160306040614weblink">weblink March 6, 2016, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131104024331weblink">weblink The A.V. Club, It Came From Kuchar, June 15, 2010, November 4, 2013, dead, After filming Sid and Nancy in New York City, she worked at a peep show in Times Square and squatted at the ABC No Rio social center and Pyramid Club in the East Village.NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151008140750weblink">weblink October 8, 2015, Paper (magazine), Paper, Courtney Love Brings Anarchy to Hollywood, Scordelis, Alex, September 1, 2014, {{sfn|Brite|1998|p=93}} That year, Cox cast her in a leading role in his film Straight to Hell (1987),{{sfn|Davies|2003|p=187}} a Spaghetti Western starring Joe Strummer, Dennis Hopper, and Grace Jones, shot in Spain in 1986.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=89}}NEWS, San Francisco Examiner,weblink June 28, 1987, Actress Love's Story Takes Happy Turn, 233, Newspapers.com, Snyder, Michael, The film was poorly reviewed by critics,WEB,weblink IndieWire, Why Alex Cox Returned 'Straight to Hell', IndieWire Staff, March 4, 2011, August 27, 2022, bot: unknown,weblink August 27, 2022, but it caught the attention of Andy Warhol, who featured Love in an episode of Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes.NEWS, The New York Times,weblink Warhol: Where and When, February 22, 1991, 9, The New York Times Staff, She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for "I Wanna Be Sedated", appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests.MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160324013234weblink">weblink March 24, 2016, Rolling Stone Argentina, Rescate emotivo: "I Wanna Be Sedated" de Ramones, dead, September 14, 2012, {{sfn|Mitchell|Reid-Walsh|2007|p=409}}WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160623214658weblink">weblink June 23, 2016, Courtney Love blasts UK music scene and slags off 'America's Sweetheart' during Oxford Union speech, February 13, 2010, NME, Displeased by the "celebutante" fame she had attained, Love abandoned her acting career in 1988 and resumed work as a stripper in Oregon, where she was recognized by customers at a bar in the small town of McMinnville.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 22:15}} This prompted Love to go into isolation and relocate to Anchorage, Alaska, where she lived for three months to "gather her thoughts", supporting herself by working at a strip club frequented by local fishermen.{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=216}} "I decided to move to Alaska because I needed to get my shit together and learn how to work", she said in retrospect. "So I went on this sort of vision quest. I got rid of all my earthly possessions. I had my bad little strip clothes and some big sweaters, and I moved into a trailer with a bunch of other strippers."{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=94}}

1988–1991: Beginnings of Hole

}}(File:Hole 1989 LA.jpg|thumb|left|180px|upright=.9|Love performing with Hole, 1989|alt=Woman in dress playing guitar, with a man in background)At the end of 1988, Love taught herself to play guitar and relocated to Los Angeles,{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=217}} where she placed an ad in a local music zine: "I want to start a band. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac."{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=100}} By 1989, Love had recruited guitarist Eric Erlandson; bassist Lisa Roberts, her neighbor; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert. Love named the band Hole after a line from Euripides' Medea{{Sfn|Raphael|1996|p=2}} ("There is a hole that pierces right through me")JOURNAL,weblink Feminism Amplified, New York (magazine), New York, Kim, France, June 3, 1996, 41, Google Books, {{free access}} and a conversation in which her mother told her that she could not live her life "with a hole running through her".{{sfn|Reisfeld|1996|p=64}} On July 23, 1989, Love married Leaving Trains vocalist James Moreland in Las Vegas;WEB, Nevada Marriage Index, 1956-2005,weblink September 20, 2019, James Arthur Moreland and Courtney Michelle Menely, 1989, December 23, 2020, {{closed access}} the marriage was annulled the same year.WEB,weblink NY Rock, Courtney Love: The Life of Love, Jeff, Apter,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/19980209043432weblink">weblink February 9, 1998, She later said that Moreland was a transvestite and that they had married "as a joke".{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=102}} After forming Hole, Love and Erlandson had a romantic relationship that lasted over a year.{{sfn|Erlandson|2012|p=7}}In Hole's formative stages, Love continued to work at strip clubs in Hollywood (including Jumbo's Clown Room and the Seventh Veil),{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=100}} saving money to purchase backline equipment and a touring van,WEB,weblinkweblink December 18, 2018, LA Weekly, Courtney Love Talks About Her L.A. Stripper Days, and Her Brawl with a Weekly Writer, August 26, 2013, Lecaro, Lina, while rehearsing at a Hollywood studio loaned to her by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Hole played their first show in November 1989 at Raji's, a rock club in central Hollywood.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=103}} Their debut single, "Retard Girl", was issued in April 1990 through the Long Beach indie label Sympathy for the Record Industry and was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on local rock station KROQ. Hole appeared on the cover of Flipside, a Los Angeles-based punk fanzine. In early 1991, they released their second single, "Dicknail", through Sub Pop Records.WEB,weblink March 2, 2016,weblink Sub Pop Records, Hole: Dicknail/Burn Black, {{listen|filename=Garbadge_Man_by_Hole_-_sample.ogg|title="Garbadge Man"|description=Track from Pretty on the Inside (1991), illustrating Love's aggressive vocals and heavy noise rock-influenced guitar.|format=Ogg}}With no wave, noise rock, and grindcore bands being major influences on Love, Hole's first studio album, Pretty on the Inside, captured an abrasive sound and contained disturbing, graphic lyrics,NEWS, The Guardian, Calling the tune, Evans, Liz, December 11, 1991, Newspapers.com,weblink {{open access}}NEWS, The Courier-Post, November 7, 1991, Hole's graphic lyrics make the difference, Condran, Ed, 2D, Newspapers.com,weblink {{open access}} described by Q as "confrontational [and] genuinely uninhibited".MAGAZINE, Q (magazine), Q, Review: Pretty on the Inside by Hole, October 1995, 138, 0955-4955, The record was released in September 1991 on Caroline Records, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth with assistant production from Gumball's Don Fleming; Love and Gordon had met when Hole opened for Sonic Youth during their promotional tour for Goo at the Whisky a Go Go in November 1990.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160317071256weblink">weblink March 17, 2016,weblink Sonic Youth Official Website, Sonic Youth: 11/01/90 – Los Angeles, California at The Whiskey, In early 1991, Love sent Gordon a personal letter asking her to produce the record for the band, to which she agreed.{{Sfn|Love|2006|p=116}}Pretty on the Inside received generally positive critical reception from indie and punk rock critics{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=114}} and was named one of the 20 best albums of the year by Spin.NEWS, Spin, December 1991, 20 Best Albums of the Year, 122, Spencer, Lauren, 0886-3032, Google Books,weblink 7, 9, {{free access}} It gained a following in the United Kingdom, charting at 59 on the UK Albums Chart,WEB,weblink Pretty on the Inside, Officialcharts.com, October 10, 2019, and its lead single, "Teenage Whore", entered the UK Indie Chart at number one.EPISODE, Indie Charts: September 28, 1991, The Chart Show, The ITV Chart Show, Channel 4, September 28, 1991, The album's feminist slant led many to tag the band as part of the riot grrrl movement,{{sfn|Bogdanov|Erlewine|Woodstra|2002|p=532}} a movement with which Love did not associate.JOURNAL, Spin, October 2005, 70–72, Courtney Love: Let the healing begin, Reilly, Phoebe, 0886-3032,weblink 21, 10, Google Books, {{free access}}{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=117}} The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they opened for the Smashing Pumpkins, and performed at CBGB in New York City.MAGAZINE,weblink Billboard (magazine), Billboard, CBGB: 10 Classic Moments That Helped Define the Birthplace of Punk, Richin, Leslie, December 23, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151207043025weblink">weblink December 7, 2015, During the tour, Love briefly dated Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan{{sfn|Yarm|2011|pages=297–298}} and then the Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.NEWS,weblink The Daily Beast, The Moment Kurt Cobain Met Courtney Love, April 5, 2014, Cross, Charles,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170609113438weblink">weblink June 9, 2017, The journalist Michael Azerrad states that Love and Cobain met in 1989 at the Satyricon nightclub in Portland, Oregon. However, the Cobain biographer Charles Cross gives the date as February 12, 1990; Cross said that Cobain playfully wrestled Love to the floor after she said that he looked like Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=99}} According to Love, she met Cobain at a Dharma Bums show in Portland,{{sfn|Green|2003|pages=69–70}}{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=294}} while Love's bandmate Eric Erlandson said that he and Love were introduced to Cobain in a parking lot after a concert at the Hollywood Palladium on May 17, 1991.{{sfn|Erlandson|2012|p=7}} In late 1991, Love and Cobain became re-acquainted through Jennifer Finch, one of Love's friends and former bandmates.{{sfn|Green|2003|p=70}}{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=299}} Love and Cobain were a couple by 1992.NEWS, Wales Online,weblinkweblink October 4, 2018, The night Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love came to Newport - told by the people who were there, McCarthy, James, June 29, 2017, WEB, BBC,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190410072831weblink">weblink April 10, 2019, Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love in Newport, July 6, 2010,

1992–1995: Marriage to Kurt Cobain, Live Through This and breakthrough

a vilified light that made Yoko Ono look like Pollyanna{{en dash}}and I couldn't stop it.|source=–Love on her public image after marrying Kurt CobainWEB, V (American magazine), V, Courtney Love on Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck,weblink May 2015, dead,weblink September 5, 2015, Sandberg, Patrik, }}Shortly after completing the tour for Pretty on the Inside, Love married Cobain on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, on February 24, 1992. She wore a satin and lace dress once owned by actress Frances Farmer, and Cobain wore plaid pajamas.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=131}} During Love's pregnancy, Hole recorded a cover of "Over the Edge" for a Wipers tribute album,AV MEDIA NOTES, Ask For It, Hole, 1995, Caroline Records, CAROL 1470-1, and recorded their fourth single, "Beautiful Son", which was released in April 1993. On August 18, the couple's only child, a daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, was born in Los Angeles.MAGAZINE, Sinclair, Tom, February 19, 1999, Encore: Kurt and Courtney's wedding,weblink Entertainment Weekly, They relocated to Carnation, Washington, and then Seattle.NEWS, The New York Times,weblink Chasing Kurt Cobain in Washington State, Seminara, Dave, March 25, 2014,weblink August 28, 2015, {{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=147–150}}Love's first major media exposure came in a September 1992 profile with Cobain for Vanity Fair by Lynn Hirschberg, entitled "Strange Love".{{sfn|Yarm|2011|pages=364–366}} Cobain had become a major public figure following the surprise success of Nirvana's album Nevermind.WEB, Freedland, Jonathan, April 5, 2014, Kurt Cobain: an icon of alienation,weblink August 23, 2018, The Guardian, en, Love was urged by her manager to participate in the cover story.{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=365}} During the prior year, Love and Cobain had developed a heroin addiction; the profile painted them in an unflattering light, suggesting that Love had been addicted to heroin during her pregnancy.{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=367}} The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services investigated, and custody of Frances was temporarily awarded to Love's sister Jaimee.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=142}} Love claimed she was misquoted by Hirschberg, and asserted that she had immediately quit heroin during her first trimester after she discovered she was pregnant.{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=365}}NEWS,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304043445weblink">weblink March 4, 2016,weblink The Guardian, Love me do, Laura, Barton, December 11, 2006, MAGAZINE, Sirota, Peggy, November 13, 1997, Women of Rock: Courtney Love, Rolling Stone, 773, 163, Love later said the article had serious implications for her marriage and Cobain's mental state,{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 36:42}}{{sfn|Yarm|2011|pages=367–368}}{{sfn|Raphael|1995|p=17}} suggesting it was a factor in his suicide two years later.{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=365}}WEB, Yahoo!, Car, Erin, Courtney Love Blames Lynn Hirschberg For Kurt Cobain's Death, May 26, 2011, October 8, 2017,weblinkweblink dead, October 8, 2017, File:Courtney Love 1995 by Andrzej Liguz.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.9|Love performing with Hole at Big Day Out, alt=Woman playing guitar and screaming into microphoneOn September 8, 1993, Love and Cobain made their only public performance together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Hollywood, performing two acoustic duets of "Pennyroyal Tea" and "Where Did You Sleep Last Night".JOURNAL,weblink Gladstone, Eric, Roberts, Michael, Smith, Roger Len, Spin, December 1993, 46, 9, 9, The Ballad of Kurt and Courtney, 0886-3032, Google Books, {{Free access}} Love also performed electric versions of two new Hole songs, "Doll Parts" and "Miss World", both written for their upcoming second album. In October 1993, Hole recorded their second album, Live Through This, in Atlanta. The album featured a new lineup with bassist Kristen Pfaff and drummer Patty Schemel.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 49:29}}In April 1994, Cobain killed himself in the Seattle home he shared with Love, who was in rehab in Los Angeles at the time.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 49:29}} In the following months, Love was rarely seen in public, staying at her home with friends and family. Cobain's remains were cremated and his ashes divided into portions by Love, who kept some in a teddy bear and some in an urn.NEWS, Kurt Cobain's Final Tour, Esquire,weblink February 1996, Dickinson, Amy, In June, she traveled to the Namgyal Buddhist Monastery in Ithaca, New York and had Cobain's ashes ceremonially blessed by Buddhist monks. Another portion was mixed into clay and made into memorial sculptures.Live Through This was released one week after Cobain's death on Geffen's subsidiary label DGC.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 49:29}} On June 16, Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in Seattle.MAGAZINE, Hajari, Nisid, July 8, 1994, Hole bassist Kristen Pfaff found dead,weblink bot: unknown, Entertainment Weekly,weblink September 30, 2018, September 29, 2018, For Hole's impending tour, Love recruited the Canadian bassist Melissa Auf der Maur.{{sfn|Reisfeld|1996|p=75}} Hole's performance on August 26, 1994, at the Reading Festival—Love's first public performance following Cobain's deathJOURNAL, Aaron, Charles, November 1994, Hole: Live,weblink Spin, 16, 4, 90, 0886-3032, Google Books, {{Free access}}{{sfn|Irvin|2008|p=609}}—was described by MTV as "by turns macabre, frightening and inspirational".WEB, Green, Stuart, Foo Fighters Inspire Mad Madness at Reading '95,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614072031weblink">weblink June 14, 2018, MTV, John Peel wrote in The Guardian that Love's disheveled appearance "would have drawn whistles of astonishment in Bedlam", and that her performance "verged on the heroic ... Love steered her band through a set which dared you to pity either her recent history or that of the band ... The band teetered on the edge of chaos, generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage."{{sfn|Cavanagh|2015|loc=chapter: The Hall of Fame, 1995}}Live Through This was certified platinum in April 1995 and received numerous accolades.{{sfn|Mitchell|Reid-Walsh|2007|p=409}} The success combined with Cobain's suicide produced publicity for Love, and she was featured on Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People in 1995.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=213}} Her erratic onstage behavior and various legal troubles during Hole's tour compounded the media coverage of her.NEWS,weblink The New York Times, Critic's Notebook; A Singer Spurns The Role Of Victim, Strauss, Neil, February 18, 1995,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160927064335weblink">weblink September 27, 2016, Hole performed a series of riotous concerts over the following year, with Love frequently appearing hysterical onstage, flashing crowds, stage diving, and getting into fights with audience members.MAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141207221706weblink">weblink December 7, 2014,weblink Entertainment Weekly, Love's Hate Fest, Smith, Ethan, July 28, 1995, dead, One journalist reported that at the band's show in Boston in December 1994: "Love interrupted the music and talked about her deceased husband Kurt Cobain, and also broke out into Tourette syndrome-like rants. The music was great, but the raving was vulgar and offensive, and prompted some of the audience to shout back at her."WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180930081209weblink">weblink September 30, 2018, Celebrate Boston, Courtney Love Rant in Boston, 1994, CelebrateBoston.com, In January 1995, Love was arrested in Melbourne for disrupting a Qantas flight after getting into an argument with a stewardess.WEB,weblink Court Orders Courtney Love To 'Be Good' for One Month, January 24, 1995, SFGATE, On July 4, 1995, at the Lollapalooza Festival in George, Washington, Love threw a lit cigarette at musician Kathleen Hanna before punching her in the face, alleging that she had made a joke about her daughter.MAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160511143058weblink">weblink May 11, 2016,weblink Entertainment Weekly, Courtney Love causes trouble at Lollapolooza, Smith, Ethan, July 28, 1995, She pleaded guilty to an assault charge and was sentenced to anger management classes.WEB,weblink MTV, Lollapalooza Back Biting: Thurston Squeals on Courtney, July 9, 1995,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170206104028weblink">weblink February 6, 2017, dead, MTV News Staff, WEB,weblink E! Online, Writer Sues Courtney Love for Alleged Attack, Frankel, Daniel, May 29, 1998,weblink February 14, 2019, February 13, 2019, bot: unknown, In November 1995, two male teenagers sued Love for allegedly punching them during a Hole concert in Orlando, Florida in March 1995. The judge dismissed the case on grounds that the teens "weren't exposed to any greater amount of violence than could reasonably be expected at an alternative rock concert".WEB, Orlando Sentinel, Case Against Courtney Love Thrown Out, November 7, 1995, Salamone, Debbie,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614044732weblink">weblink June 14, 2018, Love later said she had little memory of 1994 and 1995, as she had been using large quantities of heroin and Rohypnol at the time.INTERVIEW, Gregg Hughes, Anthony Cumia, Jim Norton (comedian), Jim Norton, Love, Courtney, May 30, 2013, Opie and Anthony, Sirius Satellite Radio, Courtney Love in Studio, bot: unknown,weblink April 13, 2023,weblink April 13, 2023, {{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 1:02:31}}

1996–2002: Acting success and Celebrity Skin

}}After Hole's world tour concluded in 1996, Love made a return to acting, first in small roles in the Jean-Michel Basquiat biopic Basquiat and the drama Feeling Minnesota (1996),{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=204}} and then a starring role as Larry Flynt's wife Althea in MiloÅ¡ Forman's critically acclaimed 1996 film The People vs. Larry Flynt. Love went through rehabilitation and quit using heroin at the insistence of Forman; she was ordered to take multiple urine tests under the supervision of Columbia Pictures while filming, and passed all of them.{{Sfn|Roshan|2012|p=44}} Despite Columbia Pictures' initial reluctance to hire Love due to her troubled past,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150709195759weblink">weblink July 9, 2015, Industry Central, Milos Forman (The People vs Larry Flynt), her performance received acclaim, earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress,{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=227}} and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111025010957weblink">weblink October 25, 2011, The People Vs. Larry Flynt, Rotten Tomatoes, 2011, November 1, 2011, bot: unknown, Critic Roger Ebert called her work in the film "quite a performance; Love proves she is not a rock star pretending to act, but a true actress."NEWS,weblink December 27, 1996, Roger, Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times, People vs. Larry Flynt: Review by Roger Ebert,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121224232250weblink">weblink December 24, 2012, dead, She won several other awards from various film critic associations for the film.NEWS,weblink The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996) awards, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160306144103weblink">weblink The New York Times, 2016, March 6, 2016, {{sfn|Brite|1998|pages=227–228}} During this time, Love maintained what the media noted as a more decorous public image,MAGAZINE, Entertainment Weekly,weblink Entertainment Weekly Staff, The Hole truth: Courtney Love, January 10, 1997,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614071904weblink">weblink June 14, 2018, and she appeared in ad campaigns for VersaceMAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160306092223weblink">weblink March 6, 2016,weblink The New Yorker, Versace advertising spread featuring Courtney Love, April 6, 1998, 49, Richard, Avedon, Richard Avedon, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170327042008weblink">weblink March 27, 2017, The Huffington Post, Courtney Love Is Fashion's Biggest Badass, July 9, 2013, Persad, Michelle, NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180317102547weblink">weblink March 17, 2018, People, Altered States, O'Neill, Anne-Marie, 50, November 2, 1998, and in a Vogue Italia spread.WEB,weblink Vogue Italia, Courtney Love, June 3, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160603051510weblink">weblink Following the release of The People vs. Larry Flynt, she dated her co-star Edward Norton, with whom she remained until 1999.NEWS,weblink Love, actually, Moran, Caitlin, November 9, 2006, The Times, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070313215619weblink">weblink March 13, 2007, NEWS,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131105013925weblink">weblink November 5, 2013, New York Daily News, March 14, 2010, Courtney Love Says Edward Norton is Mediator Between her and Daughter Frances Bean, Rush & Molloy, In late 1997, Hole released the compilations My Body, the Hand Grenade and The First Session, both of which featured previously recorded material. Love attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen at a party; the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.NEWS,weblink Daily News (New York), New York Daily News, War of the Rosses: What's Value of Splitsville Stock?, George, Rush, Joanna, Molloy, Marcus, Baram, May 31, 1998,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160307052010weblink">weblink March 7, 2016, In September 1998, Hole released their third studio album, Celebrity Skin, which featured a stark power pop sound that contrasted with their earlier punk influences. Love divulged her ambition of making an album where "art meets commerce ... there are no compromises made, it has commercial appeal, and it sticks to [our] original vision." She said she was influenced by Neil Young, Fleetwood Mac, and My Bloody Valentine when writing the album.AV MEDIA NOTES, The Interview, Hole, 1998, CD, Geffen, PRO-CD-1232, {{Sfn|Hole et al.|1999|p=3}} Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan co-wrote several songs. Celebrity Skin was well received by critics; Rolling Stone called it "accessible, fiery and intimate—often at the same time ... a basic guitar record that's anything but basic."MAGAZINE,weblink James Hunter reviews Celebrity Skin, Hunter, James, September 1, 1998, Rolling Stone,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160426024647weblink">weblink April 26, 2016, Celebrity Skin went multi-platinum, and topped "Best of Year" lists at Spin and The Village Voice.{{sfn|Mitchell|Reid-Walsh|2007|p=409}} It garnered Hole's only number-one single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with "Celebrity Skin".MAGAZINE,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161109082738weblink">weblink November 9, 2016,weblink Billboard, Alternative Songs: Top Alternative Songs Chart, November 7, 1998, Hole promoted the album through MTV performances and at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards,MAGAZINE, Billboard,weblink December 5, 1998, Bell, Carrie, 89, DGC's Hole Harnessing a 'Newfound Energy', Google Books, {{Free access}} and were nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 41st Grammy Awards ceremony.Before the release of Celebrity Skin, Love and Fender designed a low-priced Squier brand guitar, the Vista Venus.MAGAZINE, January 1999, Hole Tones: The Secrets Of Celebrity Skin's Smooth Sound,weblink dead, Guitar World, 19, 1, 55, 1045-6295,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091025034712weblink">weblink October 25, 2009, The instrument featured a shape inspired by Mercury, a little-known independent guitar manufacturer,{{sfn|Bacon|2012|p=106}} Stratocaster, and Rickenbacker's solid body guitars. It had a single-coil and a humbucker pickup and was available in 6-string and 12-string versions.{{sfn|Bacon|2012|p=106}} In an early 1999 interview, Love said about the Venus: "I wanted a guitar that sounded really warm and pop, but which required just one box to go dirty ... And something that could also be your first band guitar. I didn't want it all teched out. I wanted it real simple, with just one pickup switch."Hole toured with Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour in 1999, but dropped out after nine performances; Love and Manson disagreed over production costs, and Hole was forced to open for Manson under an agreement with Interscope Records.INTERVIEW, WWWQ-HD2, 99X.FM, June 7, 2002, Interview with Courtney Love; "Hold on to Me", Axel Lowe and Jill, Courtney, Love, Hole resumed touring with Imperial Teen.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131203162558weblink">weblink December 3, 2013,weblink Hole Walks Out on Tour, Manson Injury Postpones Several Dates, MTV News Staff, MTV, March 15, 1999, WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131203162524weblink">weblink December 3, 2013,weblink Marilyn Manson Says Hole's Departure From Tour "Not A Personal Thing", MTV, March 15, 1999, MTV News Staff, Love later said Hole also abandoned the tour due to Manson and Korn's (whom they also toured with in Australia) sexualized treatment of teenage female audience members.WEB,weblink San Francisco Chronicle, Woodstalkers / On the verge of a sonic-sexual Dark Age, September 16, 1999, Chonin, Neva, October 7, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171007220101weblink">weblink Love told interviewers at 99X.FM in Atlanta: "What I really don't like—there are certain girls that like us, or like me, who are really messed up ... they're very young, and they do not need to be taken and raped, or filmed having enema contests ... [they were] going out into the audience and picking up fourteen and fifteen-year-old girls who obviously cut themselves, and then [I had] to see them in the morning ... it's just uncool."In 1999, Love was awarded an Orville H. Gibson award for Best Female Rock Guitarist.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160214145037weblink">weblink February 14, 2016,weblink MTV, Brian Setzer, Courtney Love, John Fogerty, Lisa Loeb Honored at 1999 Gibson Guitar Awards, February 24, 1999, During this time, she starred opposite Jim Carrey as his partner Lynne Margulies in the Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon (1999), followed by a role as William S. Burroughs's wife Joan Vollmer in Beat (2000) alongside Kiefer Sutherland.{{sfn|Hemmer|2006|p=35}} Love was cast as the lead in John Carpenter's sci-fi horror film Ghosts of Mars, but backed out after injuring her foot.NEWS,weblink The Guardian Staff, The Guardian, Will Courtney Love find time for Paula Yates?, February 2, 2001,weblink May 9, 2014, She sued the ex-wife of her then-boyfriend, James Barber, whom Love alleged had caused the injury by running over her foot with her Volvo.MAGAZINE,weblink Rolling Stone, Courtney Love Sues Boyfriend's Ex-Wife, Saraceno, Christina, January 5, 2001,weblink May 30, 2019, The following year, she returned to film opposite Lili Taylor in Julie Johnson (2001), in which she played a woman who has a lesbian relationship; Love won an Outstanding Actress award at L.A.'s Outfest.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160202121151weblink">weblink February 2, 2016,weblink Variety (magazine), Variety, Outfest fetes 'G-d,' 'L.I.E.', July 23, 2001, Kowalski, Eileen, dead, She was then cast in the thriller Trapped (2002), alongside Kevin Bacon and Charlize Theron.NEWS,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160306182745weblink">weblink March 6, 2016,weblink The New York Times, Trapped (2002) Film Review; When a Perfect Scheme Doesn't Work Perfectly, September 21, 2002, Stephen, Holden, The film was a box-office flop.WEB,weblink Box Office Mojo, Trapped (2002), May 30, 2019, In the interim, Hole had become dormant.WEB, 1999 Grammy Awards â€“ The Big Picture,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010514233959weblink">weblink May 14, 2001, CNN, February 24, 1999, MAGAZINE,weblink Hole Call It Quits, Christina, Saraceno, Rolling Stone, May 24, 2002,weblink December 9, 2015, In March 2001, Love began a "punk rock femme supergroup", Bastard, enlisting Schemel, Veruca Salt co-frontwoman Louise Post, and bassist Gina Crosley.WEB,weblink MTV, Courtney Love Unveils Lineup of Femme-Punk Project Bastard, March 8, 2001,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180906174637weblink">weblink September 6, 2018, Kemp, Rob, Post recalled: "[Love] was like, 'Listen, you guys: I've been in my Malibu, manicure, movie-star world for two years, alright? I wanna make a record. And let's leave all that grunge shit behind us, eh? We were being so improvisational, and singing together, and with a trust developing between us. It was the shit."MAGAZINE, Warts and all, Classic Rock (magazine), Classic Rock, 30, August 2001, 20, 1464-7834, The group recorded a demo tape, but by September 2001, Post and Crosley had left, with Post citing "unhealthy and unprofessional working conditions".WEB, MTV,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180403173628weblink">weblink April 3, 2018, Love Shopping Bastard Demo, Looking for New Bandmates, Schumacher-Rasmussen, Eric, September 7, 2001, bot: unknown, April 3, 2018, WEB, Weston, Colin,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081006102819weblink">weblink October 6, 2008,weblink Sort The 'Bastard' Out, Drowned in Sound, May 4, 2001, dead, In May 2002, Hole announced their breakup amid continuing litigation with Universal Music Group over their record contract.JOURNAL,weblink Doug, Levy, 6, CMJ New Music Report, December 30, 2002, Google Books, A Month-by-Month Guide to the Musical Mayhem and Mirth of 2002, 74, 795, {{Free access}}In 1997, Love and former Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl formed a limited liability company, Nirvana LLC, to manage Nirvana's business dealings.WEB, van Horn, Teri, June 29, 2001, Courtney Love Sues Grohl And Novoselic, Blocks Nirvana Rarity,weblink May 24, 2021, MTV News, en, In June 2001, Love filed a lawsuit to dissolve it, blocking the release of unreleased Nirvana material and delaying the release of the Nirvana compilation With the Lights Out. Grohl and Novoselic sued Love, calling her "irrational, mercurial, self-centered, unmanageable, inconsistent and unpredictable".MAGAZINE, Grow, Kory, June 18, 2014, Courtney Love: It's Time to 'Make Amends' With Dave Grohl,weblink May 24, 2021, Rolling Stone, en-US, She responded with a letter stating that "Kurt Cobain was Nirvana" and that she and his family were the "rightful heirs" to the Nirvana legacy.MAGAZINE, Dansby, Andrew, December 18, 2001, Courtney Fires Back,weblink May 24, 2021, Rolling Stone, en-US,

2003–2008: Solo work and legal troubles

In February 2003, Love was arrested at Heathrow Airport for disrupting a flight and was banned from Virgin Airlines.NEWS,weblink February 5, 2003, BBC Staff, BBC News, Love blames 'potty mouth' for arrest,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161003043606weblink">weblink October 3, 2016, In October, she was arrested in Los Angeles after breaking several windows of her producer and then-boyfriend James Barber's home and was charged with being under the influence of a controlled substance;WEB,weblink People (magazine), People, When Love Isn't Enough, Smolowe, Jill, November 3, 2003, March 21, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160321204637weblink">weblink 60, 18, dead, the ordeal resulted in her temporarily losing custody of her daughter.WEB,weblink MTV, Courtney Love Trades Blows With Kurt Cobain's Mom, Admits to Oxycontin OD, Gil, Kaufman, October 24, 2003,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111023115625weblink">weblink October 23, 2011, May 26, 2011, bot: unknown, After the breakup of Hole, Love began composing material with songwriter Linda Perry, and in July 2003 signed a contract with Virgin Records.WEB, Vineyard, Jennifer, July 11, 2003, 'A Lot of God and a Lot of Sex' on Courtney Love Solo Album,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180403173633weblink">weblink April 3, 2018, MTV, She began recording her debut solo album, America's Sweetheart, in France shortly after.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 1:11:50}} Virgin Records released America's Sweetheart in February 2004; it received mixed reviews.WEB,weblink Metacritic, Reviews for America's Sweetheart by Courtney Love, March 15, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160315132635weblink">weblink dead, Charles Aaron of Spin called it a "jaw-dropping act of artistic will and a fiery, proper follow-up to 1994's Live Through This" and awarded it eight out of ten,WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150917064020weblink">weblink September 17, 2015,weblink Courtney Love, America's Sweetheart Review, Aaron, Charles, Spin, March 9, 2004, while Amy Phillips of The Village Voice wrote: "[Love is] willing to act out the dream of every teenage brat who ever wanted to have a glamorous, high-profile hissyfit, and she turns those egocentric nervous breakdowns into art. Sure, the art becomes less compelling when you've been pulling the same stunts for a decade. But, honestly, is there anybody out there who fucks up better?"WEB,weblink The Village Voice, February 23, 2004, Amy, Phillips, March 7, 2004,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20040307145925weblink">weblink A big juicy fuckup for hissyfit-having little girls who hate being little girls, The album sold fewer than 100,000 copies.{{sfn|Mitchell|Reid-Walsh|2007|p=409}} Love later expressed regret over the record,NEWS, The New York Times,weblink Courtney Love's Music Therapy, live, Bozza, Anthony, April 15, 2010,weblink April 18, 2010, blaming her drug problems at the time.NEWS,weblink The Telegraph, Courtney Love interview: 'There will be no jazz hands on Smells Like Teen Spirit', Neil, McCormick, April 5, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151008032214weblink">weblink October 8, 2015, dead, Shortly after it was released, she told Kurt Loder on TRL: "I cannot exist as a solo artist. It's a joke."WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180123072354weblink">weblink January 23, 2018, MTV, MTV News Staff, Love, Grievous Angel: The Interview with Kurt Loder, March 19, 2004, bot: unknown, April 3, 2018, On March 17, 2004, Love appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote America's Sweetheart. Her appearance drew media coverage when she lifted her shirt multiple times,WEB,weblink Courtney Love Arrested in New York, MSNBC, March 25, 2004,weblink" title="archive.today/20120702223108weblink">weblink July 2, 2012, dead, August 2, 2010, flashed Letterman, and stood on his desk.NEWS,weblink The New York Times, Rock Review; Love Lives Through This, Rasping 'Take Care of Me', Sanneh, Kelefa, March 20, 2004,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170210144825weblink">weblink February 10, 2017, dead, The New York Times wrote: "The episode was not altogether surprising for Ms. Love, 39, whose most public moments have veered from extreme pathos—like the time she read the suicide note of her famous husband, Kurt Cobain, on MTV—to angry feminism to catfights to incoherent ranting."NEWS, The New York Times, From Flashing Letterman to Seeing a Flash of the Badge, March 19, 2004, Dewan, Shaila K.,weblink March 24, 2018,weblink live, Hours later, in the early morning of March 18, Love was arrested in Manhattan for allegedly striking a fan with a microphone stand during a small concert in the East Village. She was released within hours and performed a scheduled concert the following evening at the Bowery Ballroom. Four days later, she called in multiple times to The Howard Stern Show, claiming in broadcast conversations with Stern that the incident had not occurred, and that actress Natasha Lyonne, who was at the concert, was told by the alleged victim that he had been paid $10,000 to file a false claim leading to Love's arrest.INTERVIEW, Courtney Love, The Howard Stern Show, Courtney Love call, March 22, 2004, WEB,weblink Marks Friggin, January 25, 2006, For the week of 3/22/2004 to 3/26/2004, Howard Stern, October 3, 2016, Mercer, Mark, On July 9, 2004, her 40th birthday, Love was arrested for failing to make a court appearance for the March 2004 charges, and taken to Bellevue Hospital, allegedly incoherent, where she was placed on a 72-hour watch.MAGAZINE,weblink Entertainment Weekly, July 14, 2004, Live Through This, Susman, Gary,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141207222031weblink">weblink December 7, 2014, According to police, she was believed to be a potential danger to herself, but deemed mentally sound and released to a rehab facility two days later.WEB,weblink The Gothamist, Courtney Love Finally Goes to Bellevue, Jen, Chung, July 10, 2004, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111018080009weblink">weblink October 18, 2011, WEB,weblink San Francisco Chronicle, Nothing stops Courtney Love – she's been arrested, hauled off to Bellevue, but she hasn't quit speaking her mind, Neva, Chonin, October 25, 2004,weblink December 8, 2015, Amidst public criticism and press coverage, comedian Margaret Cho published an opinion piece, "Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists", arguing that negative associations of Love with her drug and personal problems (including from feminists) overshadowed her music and wellbeing.WEB, Margaret Cho Official Site, Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists, July 13, 2004,weblink" title="archive.today/20171008091039weblink">weblink October 8, 2017,weblink Cho, Margaret, dead, Margaret Cho, October 8, 2017, Love pleaded guilty in October 2004 to disorderly conduct over the incident in East Village.NEWS, Tavernise, Sabrina, October 21, 2004, Courtney Love Enters Plea, and Nobody Else Gets Hurt, The New York Times,weblink dead,weblink August 29, 2015, (File:Courtney Love on stage.jpg|thumb|right|Love performing in London, 2007|alt=Woman in corset holding microphone onstage)Love's appearance as a roaster on the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson in August 2005, in which she appeared intoxicated and disheveled, attracted further media attention.NEWS,weblink The New York Times,weblink June 14, 2018, Roast of Pamela Anderson – Review, Heffernan, Virginia, August 13, 2005, One review said that Love "acted as if she belonged in an institution". Six days after the broadcast, Love was sentenced to a 28-day lockdown rehab program for being under the influence of a controlled substance, violating her probation.MAGAZINE, Billboard, Courtney Love Ordered Into Drug Rehab, August 19, 2005,weblinkweblink June 14, 2018, To avoid jail time, she accepted an additional 180-day rehab sentence in September 2005.WEB, Today, Courtney Love sentenced to 180 days in rehab, September 16, 2005,weblinkweblink June 14, 2018, In November 2005, after completing the program, Love was discharged from the rehab center under the provision that she complete further outpatient rehab.WEB,weblink Today, Judge lets Courtney Love leave rehab, November 18, 2005,weblink April 9, 2018, April 9, 2018, bot: unknown, In subsequent interviews, Love said she had been addicted to substances including prescription drugs, cocaine, and crack cocaine.WEB,weblink MTV, Courtney Love Says 'Letterman Years' Were Caused By Cocaine, April 28, 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120308184855weblink">weblink March 8, 2012, WEB, The Atlantic,weblink Courtney Love Has a Very Clear Memory of Being on Drugs, May 26, 2011, Gustini, Ray,weblink April 9, 2018, bot: unknown, April 9, 2018, She said she had been sober since completing rehabilitation in 2007, and cited her Soka Gakkai Buddhist practice (which she began in 1988)NEWS, Sevinc, Bihter,weblink Courtney Love Explains Why She Isn't Worried For Kurt Cobain, RockCelebrities.net, June 23, 2023, NEWS, Catarinella, Alex,weblink What Courtney Love Can't Live Without, New York Magazine, October 13, 2017, as integral to her sobriety.WEB,weblink Courtney Love: Stop calling me a 'drug freak', June 25, 2013, US Weekly, US Weekly Staff,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121001185217weblink">weblink October 1, 2012, {{Sfn|Roshan|2012|p=28}}In the midst of her legal troubles, Love had endeavors in writing and publishing. She co-wrote a semi-autobiographical manga, Princess Ai (Japanese: プリンセス·アイ物語), with Stu Levy, illustrated by Misaho Kujiradou and Ai Yazawa; it was released in three volumes in the United States and Japan between 2004 and 2006.NEWS,weblink Courtney Love: Cartoon character, Kathy, Balog, USA Today, July 15, 2004, 0734-7456,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090814173147weblink">weblink August 14, 2009, {{sfn|Yadao|2009|p=54}} In 2006, Love published a memoir, (Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love|Dirty Blonde), and began recording her second solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean,{{sfn|Yapp|2006|loc=event occurs at 7:18}} collaborating again with Perry and Billy Corgan. Love had written several songs, including an anti-cocaine song titled "Loser Dust", during her time in rehab in 2005.MAGAZINE, Jolie, Lash,weblink Courtney Is Cleared, Ready To Rock,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160610180947weblink">weblink June 10, 2016, Rolling Stone, February 3, 2006, She told Billboard: "My hand-eye coordination was so bad [after the drug use], I didn't even know chords anymore. It was like my fingers were frozen. And I wasn't allowed to make noise [in rehab] ... I never thought I would work again."MAGAZINE,weblink Billboard, Love Wants Her Throne Back on New Album, October 20, 2006,weblink May 15, 2018, Billboard Staff, Tracks and demos for the album leaked online in 2006, and a documentary, The Return of Courtney Love, detailing the making of the album, aired on the British television network More4 in the fall of that year. A rough acoustic version of "Never Go Hungry Again", recorded during an interview for The Times in November, was also released. Incomplete audio clips of the song "Samantha", originating from an interview with NPR, were distributed on the internet in 2007.WEB, Neda Ulaby, Ulaby, Neda,weblink Rebuilding Courtney Love, One Song at a Time, NPR,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160908121536weblink">weblink September 8, 2016, May 15, 2007,

2009–2012: Hole revival and visual art

File:Courtney_Love_and_Patty_Schemel_-_MoMA_2011_(crop).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1|Love with Patty Schemel {{small|(left)}} at the premiere of Hit So Hard at the alt=Two women facing an audience, holding microphonesIn March 2009, fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir brought a libel suit against Love concerning a defamatory post Love made on her Twitter account,WEB,weblink Digital Media Law Project, Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society of Harvard Law School, March 26, 2009, Simorangkir v. Love,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190214174344weblink">weblink February 14, 2019, February 14, 2019, bot: unknown, which was eventually settled for $450,000.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160104184103weblink">weblink January 4, 2016, Courtney Love Pays $350,000 to Settle Twitter-Based Defamation Lawsuit, Grebey, James, August 31, 2015, Spin (magazine), Spin, bot: unknown, January 29, 2016, Several months later, in June 2009, NME published an article detailing Love's plan to reunite Hole and release a new album, Nobody's Daughter.WEB,weblink NME, The Return Of Hole – Courtney Love's In-The-Studio Video Diary, June 17, 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121012223623weblink">weblink October 12, 2012, Dan, Martin, In response, former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson stated in Spin magazine that contractually no reunion could take place without his involvement; therefore Nobody's Daughter would remain Love's solo record, as opposed to a "Hole" record.WEB,weblink Spin, July 9, 2009,weblink August 11, 2018, Peisner, David, Q&A: Hole's Eric Erlandson, Love responded to Erlandson's comments in a Twitter post, claiming "he's out of his mind, Hole is my band, my name, and my Trademark".WEB,weblink Spin, July 16, 2009, Hyclak, Anna, Courtney Love to Eric Erlandson: "Hole Is MY Band!",weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160927032428weblink">weblink September 27, 2016, dead, Nobody's Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27, 2010. For the new line-up, Love recruited guitarist Micko Larkin, Shawn Dailey (bass guitar), and Stu Fisher (drums, percussion). Nobody's Daughter featured material written and recorded for Love's unfinished solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean, including "Pacific Coast Highway", "Letter to God", "Samantha", and "Never Go Hungry", although they were re-produced in the studio with Larkin and engineer Michael Beinhorn.WEB,weblinkweblink September 30, 2018, The Star-Ledger, New releases from Courtney Love, Nick Cave and others, April 23, 2010, The album's subject matter was largely centered on Love's tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007, and featured a polished folk rock sound, and more acoustic guitar work than previous Hole albums.WEB,weblink San Diego Reader, Nobody's Daughter, Michael, Caldwell, June 12, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160602104210weblink">weblink June 2, 2016, dead, File:Courtney Love in Moscow, 2011.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|right|Love performing with Hole at Afisha Picnic in alt=Woman with hands on hips, with a guitar, speaking into a microphoneThe first single from Nobody's Daughter was "Skinny Little Bitch", released to promote the album in March 2010.MAGAZINE, Kreps, Daniel,weblink Hole Reveal Track List, Cover for April 27's "Nobody's Daughter", March 26, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160419220659weblink">weblink April 19, 2016, Rolling Stone, dead, The album received mixed reviews.WEB,weblink Metacritic, Reviews for Nobody's Daughter by Hole,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180818171241weblink">weblink August 18, 2018, Robert Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five, saying Love "worked hard on these songs, instead of just babbling a bunch of druggy bullshit and assuming people would buy it, the way she did on her 2004 flop, America's Sweetheart".MAGAZINE,weblink December 29, 2013,weblink Robert, Sheffield, Nobody's Daughter by Hole, Rolling Stone, April 26, 2010, Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album three out of five: "It's Marianne Faithfull's substance-ravaged voice that comes to mind most often while listening to songs like 'Honey' and 'For Once in Your Life'. The latter track is, in fact, one of Love's most raw and vulnerable vocal performances to date ... the song offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a woman who, for the last 15 years, has been as famous for being a rock star as she's been for being a victim."WEB,weblink Slant Magazine, April 21, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160508211244weblink">weblink May 8, 2016, Sal, Cinquemani, Hole: Nobody's Daughter, Love and the band toured internationally from 2010 into late 2012 promoting the record, with their pre-release shows in London and at South by Southwest receiving critical acclaim. In 2011, Love participated in Hit So Hard, a documentary chronicling bandmate Schemel's time in Hole.WEB,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304113238weblink">weblink March 4, 2016,weblink Leonie, Cooper, 10 Things We Learn About Kurt Cobain And Courtney Love From Hit So Hard, NME, March 24, 2011, In May 2012, Love debuted an art collection at Fred Torres Collaborations in New York titled "And She's Not Even Pretty",WEB, An Impromptu Interview With Courtney Love On The Occasion Of Her Debut Art Show,weblink Araceli, Cruz, May 3, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150709025115weblink">weblink July 9, 2015, dead, which contained over 40 drawings and paintings by Love composed in ink, colored pencil, pastels, and watercolors.WEB,weblink Vogue, "And She's Not Even Pretty"; Courtney Love's Autobiographical Art Show Opens Tomorrow, May 1, 2012, December 26, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121226111643weblink">weblink Lynn, Yaeger, WEB,weblink Courtney Love attempts her first gallery show, Los Angeles Times, David, Ng, April 30, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614121333weblink">weblink June 14, 2018, Later in the year, she collaborated with Michael Stipe on the track "Rio Grande" for Johnny Depp's sea shanty album (Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys#Son of Rogues Gallery|Son of Rogues Gallery),WEB,weblink Spin, Johnny Depp Ropes Tom Waits, Courtney Love, Iggy Pop for Pirate-Themed Album, December 5, 2012, Kyle, McGovern,weblink January 8, 2015, dead, and in 2013, co-wrote and contributed vocals on "Rat A Tat" from Fall Out Boy's album Save Rock and Roll, also appearing in the song's music video.WEB,weblink Fall Out Boy Joined By Courtney Love On 'Save Rock And Roll', March 22, 2013, Gil, Kaufman, MTV,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150221101633weblink">weblink February 21, 2015, dead,

2013–2015: Return to acting; libel lawsuits

After dropping the Hole name and performing as a solo artistMAGAZINE,weblink Rolling Stone, Stevie Nicks Headlines Elton John's AIDS Foundation Gala in New York, Horowitz, Steven J., October 16, 2012, December 23, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161223075407weblink">weblink dead, in late 2012,WEB,weblink American Broadcasting Company, ABC, January 25, 2013,weblink June 14, 2018, In a Cloud of Crazy, Courtney Love Rocks On, Marikar, Sheila, Love appeared in spring 2013 advertisements for Yves Saint Laurent alongside Kim Gordon and Ariel Pink.WEB,weblink Vogue UK, Saint Laurent Unveils Music Project, April 3, 2013, Alexander, Ella,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304054057weblink">weblink March 4, 2016, dead, Love completed a solo tour of North America in mid-2013,MAGAZINE,weblink Q&A With Courtney Love: On Her Memoir and 'I'm Still Alive' Tour, Steve, Baltin, Rolling Stone, June 24, 2013, WEB,weblink Exclaim!, Courtney Love Extends North American Tour, Adds Vancouver Date, Gregory, Adams, May 21, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161008192221weblink">weblink October 8, 2016, which was purported to be in promotion of an upcoming solo album; however, it was ultimately dubbed a "greatest hits" tour, and featured songs from Love's and Hole's back catalogue.WEB,weblink Newsday, Courtney Love, on a small tour, hits Brooklyn, Huntington, Glenn, Gamboa, June 18, 2013,weblink June 14, 2018, Love told Billboard at the time that she had recorded eight songs in the studio.WEB,weblink USA Today, Courtney Love has new album and memoir in the works, Steve, Jones, July 18, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161002063146weblink">weblink October 2, 2016, dead, Love was subject of a second landmark libel lawsuit brought against her in January 2014 by her former attorney Rhonda Holmes, who accused Love of online defamation, seeking $8 million in damages.NEWS,weblink Los Angeles Times, Singer-actress Courtney Love wins landmark Twitter libel case, Knoll, Corina, January 24, 2014, June 17, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160617171923weblink">weblink It was the first case of alleged Twitter-based libel in U.S. history to make it to trial.WEB,weblink USA Today, Courtney Love tweets after Twitter trial win, McCoy, Kevin, January 25, 2014,weblink December 19, 2018, The jury, however, found in Love's favor. A subsequent defamation lawsuit filed by fashion designer Simorangkir in February 2014, however, resulted in Love being ordered to pay a further $350,000 in recompense.On April 22, 2014, Love debuted the song "You Know My Name" on BBC Radio 6 to promote her tour of the United Kingdom.WEB,weblink Steve Lamacq, 22/04/2014, BBC Radio 6 Music, BBC,weblink November 27, 2018, It was released as a double A-side single with the song "Wedding Day" on May 4, 2014, on her own label Cherry Forever Records via Kobalt Label Services.MAGAZINE,weblink Feeley, Nolan, Time, Hear Courtney Love Howl on 'You Know My Name', April 22, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161105140652weblink">weblink November 5, 2016, dead, The tracks were produced by Michael Beinhorn, and feature Tommy Lee on drums.WEB,weblink Facebook, Here's some new jams I recorded with CL, Lee, Tommy, April 23, 2014,weblink April 25, 2014, November 16, 2015, live, In an interview with the BBC, Love revealed that she and former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson had reconciled, and had been rehearsing new material together, along with former bassist Melissa Auf der Maur and drummer Patty Schemel, though she did not confirm a reunion of the band.INTERVIEW, Love, Courtney, Jane Garvey (broadcaster), Jane Garvey, Woman's Hour, Courtney Love; game changing politics; Lauren Owen, British Broadcasting Corporation, April 1, 2014, April 1, 2014,weblink On May 1, 2014, in an interview with Pitchfork, Love commented further on the possibility of Hole reuniting, saying:"I'm not going to commit to it happening, because we want an element of surprise. There's a lot of is to be dotted and ts to be crossed."WEB,weblink Pitchfork, Interviews: Courtney Love, Pelly, Jenn, May 1, 2014,weblink September 30, 2018, WEB,weblink Consequence of Sound, Courtney Love changes mind, will not reunite Hole's classic lineup, July 23, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151230204518weblink">weblink December 30, 2015, File:Courtney Love (17269704453).jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Love performing in alt=Woman onstage, holding guitar and looking down, smilingLove was cast in several television series in supporting parts throughout 2014, including the FX series Sons of Anarchy,WEB,weblink Variety, Courtney Love Joins 'Sons of Anarchy' for Final Season, Johns, Nikara, July 8, 2014,weblink September 30, 2018, Revenge,WEB,weblink E!, Courtney Love's TV Takeover Continues on Revenge and You Won't Believe Who She's Playing, Bricker, Tierney, March 11, 2015,weblink July 8, 2018, and Lee Daniels' network series Empire in a recurring guest role as Elle Dallas.WEB,weblink The Hollywood Reporter, October 23, 2014, O'Connell, Michael, Courtney Love Joins Fox's 'Empire',weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170201015112weblink">weblink February 1, 2017, The track "Walk Out on Me", featuring Love, was included on the (Empire: Original Soundtrack from Season 1) album, which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.MAGAZINE,weblink Billboard, 'Empire' Soundtrack Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard 200 Chart, Madonna Arrives at No. 2, Keith, Caulfield, March 17, 2015,weblink October 12, 2018, Alexis Petridis of The Guardian praised the track, saying: "The idea of Courtney Love singing a ballad with a group of gospel singers seems faintly terrifying ... The reality is brilliant. Love's voice fits the careworn lyrics, effortlessly summoning the kind of ravaged darkness that Lana Del Rey nearly ruptures herself trying to conjure up."NEWS,weblink May 21, 2015,weblink November 25, 2015, The Guardian, Petridis, Alexis, Various Artists: Empire Season 1 Original Soundtrack review – pretend stars get properly famous with Timbaland's help, In January 2015, Love starred in a New York City stage production, Kansas City Choir Boy, a "pop opera" conceived by and co-starring Todd Almond.WEB,weblink The New York Times, Forget Neterbko. Here's an Opera With Courtney Love, Kozinn, Allan, October 2, 2014,weblink June 14, 2018, Charles Isherwood of The New York Times praised her performance, noting a "soft-edged and bewitching" stage presence, and wrote: "Her voice, never the most supple or rangy of instruments, retains the singular sound that made her an electrifying front woman for the band Hole: a single sustained noted can seem to simultaneously contain a plea, a wound and a threat."NEWS, The New York Times, Isherwood, Charles,weblink A Bruising Love Throbs Anew, January 11, 2015, The show toured later in the year, with performances in Boston and Los Angeles.WEB,weblink The Boston Globe, Courtney Love is attraction, but songs carry 'Choir Boy', Goodwin, Jeremy D., October 5, 2015,weblink November 8, 2015, In April 2015, the journalist Anthony Bozza sued Love, alleging a contractual violation regarding his co-writing of her memoir.NEWS, Courtney Love denies owing biographer Anthony Bozza any money for upcoming book,weblink August 4, 2015, Garvey, Marianne, Niemietz, Brian, Coleman, Oli, Maresca, Rachel, New York Daily News, December 18, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151218051720weblink">weblink Love performed as the opening act for Lana Del Rey on her Endless Summer Tour for eight West Coast shows in May and June 2015.MAGAZINE, Lana Del Rey Announces 2015 Tour Dates With Courtney Love,weblink Billboard, December 1, 2014,weblink December 16, 2018, Payne, Chris, During her tenure, Love debuted the single "Miss Narcissist", released on Wavves' independent label Ghost Ramp.WEB,weblink Pitchfork, Courtney Love Releases 'Miss Narcissist' on Wavves' Ghost Ramp Label, Camp, Zoe, May 18, 2015,weblink December 26, 2018, She was also cast in a supporting role in James Franco's film The Long Home, based on the novel by William Gay, her first film role in over ten years;MAGAZINE,weblink Entertainment Weekly, Casting Net: Courtney Love, Timothy Hutton, Giancarlo Esposito join James Franco's The Long Home, Maas, Jennifer, May 4, 2015, July 23, 2015, June 14, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614121505weblink">weblink dead, as of 2022, it remains unreleased.WEB, Serben, Brandy Lynn, 2021-12-22, James Franco speaks on sexual misconduct allegations 4 years later,weblink 2022-01-21, MovieWeb, en-US,

2016–present: Fashion and forthcoming music

(File:Courtney Love 2016 candid.png|thumb|right|upright=.9|Love in 2016)In January 2016, Love released a clothing line in collaboration with Sophia Amoruso, "Love, Courtney", featuring 18 pieces reflecting her personal style.WEB,weblink December 5, 2019,weblink The Hollywood Reporter, Courtney Love, Sophia Amoruso Fete Their Nasty Gal Collab, McKenzie, Lesley, January 14, 2016, bot: unknown, April 16, 2020, In November 2016, she began filming the pilot for A Midsummer's Nightmare, a Shakespeare anthology series adapted for Lifetime.WEB,weblink Variety (magazine), Variety, Courtney Love Joins Lifetime's Shakespeare Anthology 'A Midsummer's Nightmare', Wagmeister, Elizabeth, November 3, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171008130824weblink">weblink October 8, 2017, December 9, 2017, bot: unknown, She starred as Kitty Menéndez in (Menendez: Blood Brothers), a biopic television film based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menéndez, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2017.WEB,weblink Variety, Lifetime Orders Menendez Brothers TV Movie Starring Courtney Love, Elizabeth, Wagmeister, January 31, 2017, March 11, 2017, In 2017, Love accompanied the museum director Nicholas Cullinan to the GQ Men of the Year awards at the Tate Modern, calling him her "soulmate" and her "family for life".NEWS, Batty, David, Nicholas Cullinan: energetic leader tasked with British Museum overhaul,weblink 31 March 2024, The Guardian, 28 March 2024, In October 2017, shortly after the Harvey Weinstein scandal made news, a 2005 video of Love warning young actresses about Weinstein went viral.WEB,weblink USA Today, October 14, 2017, Courtney Love warned young women about Harvey Weinstein more than a decade ago, Mallenbaum, Carly, bot: unknown,weblink March 4, 2021, February 19, 2021, WEB,weblink Business Insider, Courtney Love publicly warned women to stay away from Harvey Weinstein back in 2005, October 16, 2017, Guerrasio, Jason, bot: unknown,weblink February 27, 2020, February 19, 2021, In the footage, while on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, Love was asked by Natasha Leggero if she had any advice for "a young girl moving to Hollywood"; she responded, "If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons [hotel], don't go." She later tweeted, "Although I wasn't one of his victims, I was eternally banned by [Creative Artists Agency] for speaking out."WEB, Courtney Love Warns About Harvey Weinstein In 2005 Video,weblinkweblink 2021-11-14, live, YouTube, CBS Los Angeles, April 4, 2020, October 16, 2017, {{cbignore}}WEB, France, Lisa Respers, Courtney Love warned women about Harvey Weinstein,weblink CNN, October 16, 2017, April 4, 2020,weblink February 12, 2020, In the same year, Love was cast in Justin Kelly's biopic JT LeRoy, portraying a film producer opposite Laura Dern.WEB, Deadline,weblink August 1, 2017, D'Nuka, Amanda, Kelvin Harrison Jr., Courtney Love & James Jagger Board 'JT' Biopic, October 4, 2017, In March 2018, she appeared in the music video for Marilyn Manson's "Tattooed in Reverse",MAGAZINE, Billboard, Marilyn Manson Teases 'Tattooed in Reverse' Video Featuring Courtney Love: Watch, March 21, 2018, Kaufman, Gil,weblink March 22, 2018, and in April she appeared as a guest judge on RuPaul's Drag Race.MAGAZINE, Billboard,weblink First Look: See Courtney Love Sashay Her Way to the Judges Panel on 'RuPaul's Drag Race', Daw, Stephen, April 2, 2018, April 2, 2018, In December, Love was awarded a restraining order against Sam Lutfi, who had acted as her manager for the previous six years, alleging verbal abuse and harassment. Her daughter, Frances, and sister, Jaimee, were also awarded restraining orders against Lutfi.WEB, Spin (magazine), Spin, Courtney Love Alleges Ex-Manager Sam Lutfi Told Her to "Choke on Opiates and Die", Burks, Tosten, December 18, 2018,weblinkweblink February 14, 2019, February 14, 2019, bot: unknown, In January 2019, a Los Angeles County judge extended the three-year order to five years, citing Lutfi's tendency to "prey upon people".MAGAZINE, Rolling Stone, Courtney Love, Frances Bean Cobain Granted Restraining Order Against Ex-Manager, Kreps, Daniel, January 2, 2019, February 14, 2019,weblink On August 18, 2019, Love performed a solo set at the Yola Día festival in Los Angeles, which also featured performances by Cat Power and Lykke Li.WEB, Stereogum,weblink Courtney Love Sings Hole Songs, Covers Echo & The Bunnymen At Lykke Li's Yola Día,weblink September 13, 2019, Breihan, Tom, August 19, 2019, September 27, 2019, bot: unknown, On September 9, Love garnered press attention when she publicly criticized Joss Sackler, an heiress to the Sackler family OxyContin fortune, after she allegedly offered Love $100,000 to attend her fashion show during New York Fashion Week.NEWS, Yahoo!,weblink Courtney Love Turned Down $100,000 From OxyContin Heiress To Appear At Her Fashion Show, Nauman, Ryan, September 9, 2019, live,weblink September 27, 2019, In the same statement, Love indicated that she had relapsed into opioid addiction in 2018, stating that she had recently celebrated a year of sobriety. In October 2019, Love relocated from Los Angeles to London.WEB, 2020-11-18, Courtney Love: "I feel like the luckiest motherfucker in the history of rock and roll",weblink 2022-01-23, NME, en-GB, On November 21, 2019, Love recorded the song "Mother", written and produced by Lawrence Rothman, as part of the soundtrack for the horror film The Turning (2020).WEB, Kerrang! Staff, November 21, 2019, Listen to Courtney Love's New Song, "Mother," from The Turning Soundtrack,weblink live,weblink November 22, 2019, Kerrang!, In January 2020, she received the Icon Award at the NME Awards; NME described her as "one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years".WEB, NME,weblink Courtney Love to receive Icon Award at the NME Awards 2020, January 29, 2020, Trendell, Andrew,weblink January 30, 2020, live, The following month, she confirmed she was writing a new record which she described as "really sad ... [I'm] writing in minor chords, and that appeals to my sadness."WEB, Women's Wear Daily,weblink February 18, 2020, bot: unknown,weblink May 24, 2020, Courtney Love Falls for London, Conti, Samantha, Theodosi, Natalie, May 30, 2020, In March 2021, Love said she had been hospitalized with acute anemia in August 2020, which had nearly killed her and reduced her weight to {{convert|97|lb|kg}}; she made a full recovery.WEB,weblink Fox News, Courtney Love says she 'almost died' in the hospital from anemia, Day, Nate, March 15, 2021, live,weblink March 16, 2021, In August 2022, Love revealed the completion of her memoir, The Girl with the Most Cake, after a nearly ten-year period of writing.WEB,weblink The Independent, Courtney Love announces she's finished her memoir after 'decade' of writing: 'F*** an untrue narrative', August 5, 2022, Murray, Tom, live,weblink August 17, 2022, It was announced on May 15, 2023, that Love had been cast in Assassination, a biographical film about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, directed by David Mamet and co-starring Viggo Mortensen, Shia LaBeouf, Al Pacino, and John Travolta.WEB, Deadline Hollywood, Al Pacino, Viggo Mortensen, John Travolta, Shia LaBeouf, Rebecca Pidgeon & Courtney Love Set For David Mamet's JFK Thriller 'Assassination' — Cannes Market,weblink Ravindran, Manori, May 15, 2023, May 15, 2023,

Artistry

Influences

Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences, the earliest being Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, artists she discovered while in juvenile hall as a young teenager.{{sfn|Behind the Music|2010|loc=event occurs at 11:29}} As a child, her first exposure to music was records that her parents received each month through Columbia Record Club.INTERVIEW, 2014, Matt Everitt, Love, Courtney, The First Time With... Courtney Love, BBC Radio 6, January 24, 2018, 8, 1, The first record Love owned was Leonard Cohen's Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), which she obtained from her mother: "He was so lyric-conscious and morbid, and I was a pretty morbid kid", she recalled. As a teenager, she named Flipper, Kate Bush, Soft Cell, Joni Mitchell, Laura Nyro,{{sfn|Cooper|1994|p=42}} Lou Reed, and Dead Kennedys among her favorite artists.{{sfn|Brite|1998|p=55}} While in Dublin at age fifteen, Love attended a Virgin Prunes concert, an event she credited as being a pivotal influence: "I had never seen so much sex, snarl, poetry, evil, restraint, grace, filth, raw power and the very essence of rock and roll", she recalled. "[I had seen] U2 [who] gave me lashes of love and inspiration, and a few nights later the Virgin Prunes fucked{{en dash}}me{{en dash}}up."NEWS, The Guardian, Gavin Friday: 'You can't be what you were', March 25, 2010, Atkinson, Mike,weblinkweblink June 14, 2018, Decades later, in 2009, Love introduced the band's frontman Gavin Friday at a Carnegie Hall event, and performed a song with him.Though often associated with punk music, Love has noted that her most significant musical influences have been post-punk and new wave artists.WEB, Vogue, Courtney Love Has a New Video Series Covering Her Favorite Songs, Bell, Keaton, June 2, 2021, live, June 2, 2021,weblinkweblink Commenting in 2021, Love said: {{blockquote|There's this idea of "Courtney is punk and stuck in 1995!" but that's not the case. I was more [influenced by] new wave or post-punk. My number one greatest song of all time is "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division, and I will take no fucking prisoners in that battle. But the band that affected me more than even Leonard Cohen and Bob Dylan was Echo and the Bunnymen.}} Over the years, Love has also named several other new wave and post-punk bands as influences, including the Smiths,INTERVIEW, Love, Courtney, Kurt Loder, MTV Networks, The Hole Story, September 1, 1994, Siouxsie and the Banshees,{{sfn|Love|2006|page=35}} Television,{{sfn|Love|2006|page=35}} and Bauhaus.Love's diverse genre interests were illustrated in a 1991 interview with Flipside, in which she stated: "There's a part of me that wants to have a grindcore band and another that wants to have a Raspberries-type pop band."JOURNAL, Hole, 68, September 1990, Flipside (fanzine), Flipside, Al & Gus, Discussing the abrasive sound of Hole's debut album, she said she felt she had to "catch up with all my hip peers who'd gone all indie on me, and who made fun of me for liking R.E.M. and The Smiths."{{sfn|Cooper|1994|p=42}} She has also embraced the influence of experimental artists and punk rock groups, including Sonic Youth, Swans,JOURNAL, Addicted to Noise, January 6, 1997, Swans Song, Howard, Wuelfing, The group count the likes of Metallica's Kirk Hammet, Henry Rollins, Courtney Love and even Jeff Buckley among its admirers., Big Black, Diamanda Galás,WEB,weblink Clash (magazine), Clash, Love, Courtney, Ask Courtney Love, February 23, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180614050804weblink">weblink June 14, 2018, the Germs, and the Stooges.INTERVIEW, Stern, Howard, Courtney Love, The Howard Stern Show, Sirius XM Radio, May 30, 2013, Accessed July 10, 2013, The Stooges were a really big deal to me., While writing Celebrity Skin, she drew influence from Neil Young and My Bloody Valentine. She has also cited her contemporary PJ Harvey as an influence, saying: "The one rock star that makes me know I'm shit is Polly Harvey. I'm nothing next to the purity that she experiences."WEB,weblink Spin, Let It Bleed: The Oral History of PJ Harvey's 'Rid of Me', Peisner, David,weblink September 17, 2015, May 2013, Literature and poetry have often been a major influence on her songwriting; Love said she had "always wanted to be a poet, but there was no money in it."INTERVIEW, Love, Courtney, Barbara Walters, Barbara Walters Presents: The 10 Most Fascinating People of 1995, ABC News, December 5, 1995, She has named the works of T.S. Eliot and Charles Baudelaire as influential,INTERVIEW,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131016214837weblink">weblink 2013-10-16, dead, MTV, Courtney Love: Super Rock Interview, Love, Courtney, 1995, Farry, Jackie, WEB,weblink Fleurs du Mal.org, Audio of Baudelaire's Fleurs du Mal,weblink July 29, 2018, and referenced works by Dante Rossetti,{{Sfn|Latham|2003|p=2}} William Shakespeare,JOURNAL,weblink Spin, Hole: Celebrity Skin, Clover, Joshua, Reviews, 136, October 1998, 14, 10, Google Books, 0886-3032, {{Free access}} Rudyard Kipling, and Anne Sexton in her lyrics.JOURNAL, Spin, October 1998, 90–100, The Love Issue, Phillip, Weiss, 0886-3032,weblink Google Books, 14, 10, {{free access}}

Musical style and lyrics

Musically, Love's work with Hole and her solo efforts have been characterized as alternative rock;{{sfn|Ladd-Taylor|Umanski|1998|p=319}} Hole's early material, however, was described by critics as being stylistically closer to grindcore and aggressive punk rock.{{sfn|Lankford|2009|p=77–8}} Spin{{'}}s October 1991 review of Hole's first album noted Love's layering of harsh and abrasive riffs buried more sophisticated musical arrangements.NEWS, Spin, October 1991, Hole Lotta Love, 32, Daisy, Von Furth, 0886-3032,weblink Google Books, 7, 7, {{free access}} In 1998, she stated that Hole had "always been a pop band. We always had a subtext of pop. I always talked about it, if you go back ... what'll sound like some weird Sonic Youth tuning back then to you was sounding like the Raspberries to me, in my demented pop framework."Love's lyrical content is composed from a female's point of view,NEWS, The New York Times,weblink Belting Out That Most Unfeminine Emotion, February 9, 1992,weblink May 6, 2018, Reynolds, Simon, Simon Reynolds, bot: unknown, May 6, 2018, and her lyrics have been described as "literate and mordant"WEB,weblink PR Newswire, Grey Presents Courtney Love at Cannes in 8th Annual Music Legends Seminar, June 13, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160624041927weblink">weblink June 24, 2016, and noted by scholars for "articulating a third-wave feminist consciousness."JOURNAL,weblink National Communication Association, Matthew, Morris, November 11, 2009, Writing (Courtney) Love into the History of Rhetoric: Articulation of a Feminist Consciousness in Live Through This, September 15, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121120193238weblink">weblink November 20, 2012, dead, {{small|(Link to abstract only)}} Simon Reynolds, in reviewing Hole's debut album, noted: "Ms. Love's songs explore the full spectrum of female emotions, from vulnerability to rage. The songs are fueled by adolescent traumas, feelings of disgust about the body, passionate friendships with women and the desire to escape domesticity. Her lyrical style could be described as emotional nudism." Journalist and critic Kim France, in critiquing Love's lyrics, referred to her as a "dark genius" and likened her work to that of Anne Sexton.JOURNAL, Bookforum, Kim France on Bitch: In Praise of Difficult Women by Elizabeth Wurtzel, 7–8, 5–7, 1998, 1098-3376, France, Kim, Kim France, Love has remarked that lyrics have always been the most important component of songwriting for her: "The important thing for me ... is it has to look good on the page. I mean, you can love Led Zeppelin and not love their lyrics ... but I made a big effort in my career to have what's on the page mean something."WEB, The New York Times,weblinkweblink February 14, 2019, bot: unknown, February 13, 2019, Schneier, Matthew, Angry Dolls Meet Their Mother, February 13, 2019, Common themes present in Love's lyrics during her early career included body image, rape, suicide, conformity, pregnancy, prostitution, and death.WEB,weblink The Stranger (newspaper), The Stranger, The Hole Story, Levin, Hanna, November 20, 2003,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141216085525weblink">weblink December 16, 2014, dead, {{Sfn|Burns|Lafrance|2002|pages=98–103}} In a 1991 interview with Everett True, she said: "I try to place [beautiful imagery] next to fucked up imagery, because that's how I view things ... I sometimes feel that no one's taken the time to write about certain things in rock, that there's a certain female point of view that's never been given space."NEWS, Melody Maker, June 15, 1991, Everett, True, Everett True, Hole, Sidelines, 8, 0025-9012, {{small|(weblink" title="archive.today/20180614220000weblink">Archived scan)}}.Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.MAGAZINE, Rolling Stone,weblinkweblink January 17, 2014, Courtney Love To Resurrect Hole For "Nobody's Daughter", June 17, 2009, Kreps, Daniel, Celebrity Skin and America's Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life, Hollywood, and drug addiction, while continuing Love's interest in vanity and body image. Nobody's Daughter was lyrically reflective of Love's past relationships and her struggle for sobriety, with the majority of its lyrics written while she was in rehab in 2006.WEB,weblink The A.V. Club, Hole: Nobody's Daughter, Jason, Heller, April 27, 2010, November 5, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131105144301weblink">weblink bot: unknown, April 16, 2020,

Performance

File:Courtney Love Public Assembly Crop.png|thumb|upright=.9|Love, playing a Fender Mustang in 2012, has played both Fender and RickenbackerRickenbackerLove has a contralto vocal range.NEWS,weblink The Guardian, Courtney Love's 'theatricalised concept album' sounds practically amphibian, Soloski, Alexis, January 9, 2015,weblink June 8, 2017, bot: unknown, June 28, 2017, According to Love, she never wanted to be a singer, but rather aspired to be a skilled guitarist: "I'm such a lazy bastard though that I never did that", she said. "I was always the only person with the nerve to sing, and so I got stuck with it." She has been regularly noted by critics for her husky vocals as well as her "banshee [-like]" screaming abilities.WEB,weblink Slate (magazine), Slate, Love Me, Love My Tantrums, April 7, 2004,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180708221854weblink">weblink July 8, 2018, Amanda, Fortini, MAGAZINE,weblink Time, Hear Courtney Love Howl on 'You Know My Name', Feeney, Nolan, April 22, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140504144233weblink">weblink May 4, 2014, Her vocals have been compared to those of Johnny Rotten,MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink August 7, 2014, Rolling Stone, Live Through This, April 12, 1994, David, Fricke, MAGAZINE,weblink Entertainment Weekly, April 15, 1994, Live Through This Review, David, Browne,weblink September 30, 2018, and David Fricke of Rolling Stone described them as "lung-busting" and "a corrosive, lunatic wail". Upon the release of Hole's 2010 album, Nobody's Daughter, Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork compared Love's raspy, unpolished vocals to those of Bob Dylan.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100628210153weblink">weblink June 28, 2010, Pitchfork, Hole: Nobody's Daughter, Amanda, Petrusich, April 27, 2010, In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Love at number 130 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.MAGAZINE, 1 January 2023, The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time,weblink 25 April 2023, Rolling Stone, en-US, She has played a variety of Fender guitars throughout her career, including a Jaguar and a vintage 1965 Jazzmaster; the latter was purchased by the Hard Rock Cafe and is on display in New York City.WEB,weblink November 11, 2016,weblink Flickr, Courtney Love (Hole) Jazzmaster Fender Guitar – Hard Rock Cafe NYC, April 9, 2007, Between 1989 and 1991, Love primarily played a Rickenbacker 425{{sfn|Yarm|2011|p=353}} because she "preferred the 3/4 neck", but she destroyed the guitar onstage at a 1991 concert opening for the Smashing Pumpkins.NEWS,weblink F9, Pumpkins, Hole Unleash Frustrations, December 19, 1991, Cromelin, Richard, Los Angeles Times, Newspapers.com, In the mid-1990s, she often played a guitar made by Mercury, an obscure company that manufactured custom guitars,{{sfn|Bacon|2012|p=106}} as well as a Univox Hi-Flier.WEB,weblink Equipboard, Courtney Love's Univox Hi-Flier, February 6, 2017, Fender's Vista Venus, designed by Love in 1998, was partially inspired by Rickenbacker guitars as well as her Mercury.{{sfn|Bacon|2012|p=106}} During tours after the release of Nobody's Daughter (post-2010), Love has played a Rickenbacker 360 onstage.WEB,weblink Rockshot, Courtney Love at Shepherds Bush Empire, Ford, Kim,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20161112154332weblink">weblink November 12, 2016, Her setup has included Fender tube gear, Matchless, Ampeg, Silvertone and a solid-state 1976 Randall Commander.Love has referred to herself as "a shit guitar player", further commenting in a 2014 interview: "I can still write a song, but [the guitar playing] sounds like shit ... I used to be a good rhythm player but I am no longer dependable."NEWS,weblink The Guardian, Courtney Love: I wrote the Kurt Cobain 'bitch with zits' note, Charlotte Richardson, Andrews, May 8, 2014,weblink November 4, 2016, Throughout her career, she has also garnered a reputation for unpredictable live shows. In the 1990s, her performances with Hole were characterized by confrontational behavior, with Love stage diving, smashing guitars or throwing them into the audience, wandering into the crowd at the end of sets, and engaging in sometimes incoherent rants. Critics and journalists have noted Love for her comical, often stream-of-consciousness-like stage banter.WEB,weblink The A.V. Club, More Talk, Less Rock: 15 Masters Of Onstage Banter, August 13, 2007, Bahn, Christopher, Earles, Andrew, Hyden, Steven, Modell, Josh, Murray, Noel, Phipps, Keith, Keith Phipps, Nathan Rabin,weblink September 30, 2018, WEB,weblink Los Angeles Times, Hole at SXSW: Courtney Love offers one-liners worthy of the Comedy Store, Powers, Ann, March 19, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100609024423weblink">weblink June 9, 2010, Pop & Hiss, Music journalist Robert Hilburn wrote in 1993 that, "rather than simply scripted patter, Love's comments between songs [have] the natural feel of someone who is sharing her immediate feelings."WEB,weblink Los Angeles Times, Hilburn, Robert, POP MUSIC REVIEW : Notes From the Underground: Hole Shows Surprising Depth, November 9, 1993, bot: unknown,weblink October 1, 2022, October 1, 2022, In a review of a live performance published in 2010, it was noted that Love's onstage "one-liners [were] worthy of the Comedy Store."

Philanthropy

In 1993, Love and husband Kurt Cobain performed an acoustic set together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Los Angeles, which raised awareness and provided resources for victims of sexual abuse. In 2000, Love publicly advocated for reform of the record industry in a personal letter published by Salon.WEB,weblink Salon, Courtney Love does the math (unedited speech transcript), May 14, 2000,weblink January 7, 2019, Love, Courtney, In the letter, Love said: "It's not piracy when kids swap music over the Internet using Napster or Gnutella or Freenet or iMesh or beaming their CDs into a My.MP3.com or MyPlay.com music locker. It's piracy when those guys that run those companies make side deals with the cartel lawyers and label heads so that they can be 'the label's friend', and not the artists'." In a subsequent interview with Carrie Fisher, she said that she was interested in starting a union for recording artists, and also discussed race relations in the music industry, advocating for record companies to "put money back into the black community [whom] white people have been stealing from for years."EPISODE, 24 Hours of Love, MTV2, September 21, 2002, MTV Specials, Love has been a long-standing supporter of LGBT causes.EPISODE, Love, Courtney, VH1 Fashion Awards, VH1, October 28, 1997, I think that great personal style is being true to yourself and speaking your mind, which, since I'm up here, I'm going to do. I feel that keeping gay people in the closet with our attitudes and our actions is cruel, and it's tacky, and most of all, it's boring., {{YouTube|XOhSXrrSyjM}} She has frequently collaborated with Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, taking part in the center's "An Evening with Women" events.MAGAZINE,weblink Rolling Stone, Steve, Balkin, Courtney Love, Linda Perry Team Up for Gay Rights, May 14, 2012, September 21, 2016,weblink The proceeds of the event help provide food and shelter for homeless youth; services for seniors; legal assistance; domestic violence services; health and mental health services, and cultural arts programs. Love participated with Linda Perry for the event in 2012, and performed alongside Aimee Mann and comedian Wanda Sykes. Speaking on her collaboration on the event, Love said: "Seven thousand kids in Los Angeles a year go out on the street, and forty percent of those kids are gay, lesbian, or transgender. They come out to their parents, and become homeless ... for whatever reason, I don't really know why, but gay men have a lot of foundations—I've played many of them—but the lesbian side of it doesn't have as much money and/or donors, so we're excited that this has grown to cover women and women's affairs."INTERVIEW, Love, Courtney, Perry, Linda, The Insider, May 10, 2012,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131224114713weblink">weblink December 24, 2013, dead, Courtney Love: 'I Tried Begging', She has also contributed to AIDS organizations, partaking in benefits for amfARWEB,weblink amfAR, Sharon Stone, Kylie Minogue, Dita von Teese, Courtney Love, Kenneth Cole, and Kevin Huvane Join For amfAR Inspiration Gala in Los Angeles, October 28, 2010,weblink December 22, 2015, and the RED Campaign.MAGAZINE,weblink Billboard, September 15, 2009,weblink July 15, 2018, U2, Scarlett Johansson, Courtney Love Set For AIDS Charity Concert, Michael D., Ayers, In May 2011, she donated six of her husband Cobain's personal vinyl records for auction at Mariska Hargitay's Joyful Heart Foundation event for victims of child abuse, rape, and domestic violence.WEB,weblink MTV, Courtney Love, Patti Smith Bring Punk Cred To Mariska Hargitay's Charity Event, May 18, 2011, Sabrina Rojas, Weiss, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131224114357weblink">weblink December 24, 2013, She has also supported the Sophie Lancaster Foundation.INTERVIEW, Love, Courtney, Noah Levy, Courtney Love on Pop Culture,weblinkweblink 2021-11-14, live, Endemol, June 12, 2014, May 17, 2018, {{cbignore}}

Legacy

File:Courtney Love (17890556711 crop).png|thumb|upright=.9|Love, pictured in 2015, with her leg supported on the monitormonitorLove has had an impact on female-fronted alternative acts and performers.{{sfn|Carson|Lewis|Shaw|2004|pages=89–90}} She has been cited as influential on young female instrumentalists in particular,{{sfn|Carson|Lewis|Shaw|2004|p=90}} having once infamously proclaimed: "I want every girl in the world to pick up a guitar and start screaming ...{{sfn|Millard|2004|p=195}} I strap on that motherfucking guitar and you cannot fuck with me. That's my feeling."{{Sfn|Millard|2004|pp=195–96}} In The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon, it is noted: {{blockquote|[Love] truly lived up to Paul Westerberg's (The Replacements) assessment of pretty girls "playing makeup/wearing guitar" ... She frequently stood on stage, microphone in hand and foot on monitor, and simply let her Fender guitar dangle around her neck. She truly embodied the empowerment that came with playing the electric guitar ... Love depended heavily upon her male lead guitar foil Eric Erlandson, but the rest of her band remained exclusively female throughout several lineup changes.{{sfn|Millard|2004|p=196}}}}

}}

With over 3 million records sold in the United States alone,{{efn|As of 2003, Pretty on the Inside had sold over 200,000 copies in the U.S.;MAGAZINE, Newman, Melinda, 2003, Courtney Cuts the Drama: Love Leaves Woe Behind, Billboard, July 19, 2003, 61,weblink Google Books, live,weblink February 21, 2017, {{Free access}} Live Through This, 1,600,000; Celebrity Skin, 1,400,000 (the latter two per 2010 approximations).}} Hole became one of the most successful rock bands of all time fronted by a woman.{{sfn|Carson|Lewis|Shaw|2004|p=90}}MAGAZINE,weblink Billboard, Courtney Love: Fixing a Hole, April 2, 2010,weblink December 11, 2018, Harding, Cortney, VH1 ranked Love {{abbr|no.|number}} 69 in their list of The 100 Greatest Women in Music History in 2012.WEB,weblink VH1, The 100 Greatest Women in Music, February 13, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190107134908weblink">weblink January 7, 2019, In 2015, the Phoenix New Times declared Love the number one greatest female rock star of all time, writing: "To build a perfect rock star, there are several crucial ingredients: musical talent, physical attractiveness, tumultuous relationships, substance abuse, and public meltdowns, just to name a few. These days, Love seems to have rebounded from her epic tailspin and has leveled out in a slightly more normal manner, but there's no doubt that her life to date is the type of story people wouldn't believe in a novel or a movie."WEB,weblink Phoenix New Times, April 28, 2015, Chesler, John, The 10 Greatest Female Rock Stars of All Time,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151209071257weblink">weblink December 9, 2015, dead, Among the alternative musicians who have cited Love as an influence are Scout Niblett;WEB,weblink The Snipe News, August 21, 2013, Conner, Shawn, Scout Niblett (Interview), I was 17 when I first heard it. I definitely think they had a huge role in that. For me, the thing that I loved about them and her was the anger, and aggressiveness, along with the tender side. That was something I hadn't seen before in a woman playing music. That was hugely influential and really inspiring. Women up 'til then were kind of one-dimensional, twee, sweet, ethereal, and that annoys the shit out of me., Brody Dalle of The Distillers;{{sfn|Diehl|2007|pages=93–94}} Dee Dee Penny of Dum Dum Girls;WEB,weblink Vice, DUM THINGS, Moran, Rob, April 30, 2010, I played out their cassette tapes in about 6th or 7th grade. But I definitely thank Courtney Love for existing because she was one of my formative inspirations and one of the reasons that I play in a band now.,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304060649weblink">weblink March 4, 2016, Florence Welch;WEB,weblink WFUV, Florence + The Machine - Words and Music - 2009, December 15, 2009, Houston, Rita, live,weblink April 7, 2024, Fordham University, Victoria Legrand of Beach House;WEB,weblink Far Out (magazine), Far Out, Beach House's Victoria Legrand discusses the brilliance of Courtney Love, May 1, 2022, Kemp, Sam, live, November 30, 2022,weblink Annie Hardy of Giant Drag;WEB,weblink The Bear Writes Words, The Sounds That Shaped Me: Annie Hardy,weblink October 9, 2022, dead, and Nine Black Alps.JOURNAL, SoundProof Magazine, September 8, 2009, Griffiths, Daniel, Quick & Dirty – Nine Black Alps, 1, Contemporary female pop artists Lana Del Rey,WEB,weblink Virgin Media, Lana Del Rey is inspired by Courtney Love, June 23, 2014, July 21, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721222329weblink">weblink Avril Lavigne,WEB,weblink musicOMH, Interview: Avril Lavigne, Soghomonian, Talia, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110102040050weblink">weblink January 2, 2011, Tove Lo,WEB, Moss, Rebecca, Why Swedes Make the Best Breakup Music,weblink Elle (magazine), Elle, April 30, 2014,weblink June 14, 2018, and Sky FerreiraWEB, Diehl, Matt, Sky Ferreira, April 1, 2014, Interview (magazine), Interview,weblink 0149-8932,weblink June 14, 2018, have also cited Love as an influence. Love has frequently been recognized as the most high-profile contributor of feminist music during the 1990s,{{sfn|Schippers|2002|p=93}} and for "subverting [the] mainstream expectations of how a woman should look, act, and sound."{{sfn|Jackson|2005|pages=264–265}} According to music journalist Maria Raha, "Hole was the highest-profile female-fronted band of the '90s to openly and directly sing about feminism."{{sfn|Lankford|2009|pages=73–96}} Patti Smith, a major influence of Love's, also praised her, saying: "I hate genderizing things ... [but] when I heard Hole, I was amazed to hear a girl sing like that. Janis Joplin was her own thing; she was into Big Mama Thornton and Bessie Smith. But what Courtney Love does, I'd never heard a girl do that."MAGAZINE,weblink Rolling Stone, Patti Smith: Family Life, Recent Loss, and New Album 'Gone Again', Fricke, David, July 11, 1996, December 14, 2016,weblink She has also been a gay icon since the mid-1990s,NEWS, The Advocate (LGBT magazine), The Advocate, August 17, 1997, July 21, 2014,weblink 10, Events that shaped the under-30 mind, Finlay, Jennifer, Don Romesburg, Google Books, {{Free access}} and has jokingly referred to her fanbase as consisting of "females, gay guys, and a few advanced, evolved heterosexual men."VIDEO, Hit So Hard: The Life and Near Death of Patty Schemel, 2011, Motion picture, Well Go USA, Love's aesthetic image, particularly in the early 1990s, also became influential and was dubbed "kinderwhore" by critics and media. The subversive fashion mainly consisted of vintage babydoll dresses accompanied by smeared makeup and red lipstick.{{sfn|Klaffke|2003|p=116}} MTV reporter Kurt Loder described Love as looking like "a debauched rag doll" onstage.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121015121058weblink">weblink October 15, 2012, MTV, Courtney Love Opens Up About Kurt Cobain's Death (The Loder Files), April 22, 2008, Loder, Kurt, bot: unknown, September 15, 2012, NEWS, Wilson, Cintra,weblink You Just Can't Kill It, The New York Times, September 17, 2008, June 25, 2013, Love later said she had been influenced by the fashion of Chrissy Amphlett of the Divinyls.WEB,weblink The AU Review, In Memoriam – Chrissy Amphlett: Only You, April 26, 2013, Booth, Emily,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150722105053weblink">weblink July 22, 2015, Interviewed in 1994, Love commented "I would like to think–in my heart of hearts–that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? thing. My angle was irony."MAGAZINE, Rolling Stone,weblink Courtney Love: Life Without Kurt,weblink December 13, 2018, Fricke, David, December 15, 1994,

Discography

Solo discography

• America's Sweetheart (2004)

with Hole

• Pretty on the Inside (1991)
• Live Through This (1994)
• Celebrity Skin (1998)
• Nobody's Daughter (2010)

Filmography

• Sid and Nancy (1986)
• Straight to Hell (1987)
• The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)
• 200 Cigarettes (1999)
• Man on the Moon (1999)
• Julie Johnson (2001)
• Trapped (2002)

Bibliography

• BOOK, Levy, Stu, Tokyopop, Love, Courtney, 2004, Princess Ai: Destitution, 1, 978-1-59182-669-9, Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan], Princess Ai,
• BOOK, Levy, Stu, Love, Courtney, 2005, Princess Ai: Lumination, 2, Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan], 978-1-59182-670-5, registration,weblink
• BOOK, Levy, Stu, Love, Courtney, 2006, Princess Ai: Evolution, 3, Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan], 978-1-59182-671-2,weblink
• BOOK, Love, Courtney, 2006, Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love, Faber & Faber, 978-0-86547-959-3, Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love, none,

Footnotes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

Sources

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• BOOK, All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul, Hal Leonard Corporation/Backbeat Books, 2002, Bogdanov, Vladimir, Woodstra, Chris, Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, 978-0-87930-653-3,
• BOOK, Brite, Poppy Z., Poppy Z. Brite, Simon & Schuster, Courtney Love: The Real Story, 978-0-684-84800-6, 1998, Courtney Love: The Real Story,
• BOOK, Buckley, Peter, Edroso, Roy,weblink The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides, 2003, 978-1-84353-105-0,
• BOOK, Her Mother's Daughter: A Memoir of the Mother I Never Knew and of My Daughter, Courtney Love, Linda, Carroll, Linda Carroll, New York, Broadway Books, 978-0-7679-1788-9, 2005,
• BOOK, {{SfnRef, Carson, Lewis, Shaw, 2004, |title=Girls Rock!: Fifty Years of Women Making Music |author1=Carson, Mina Julia |author2=Lewis, Tisa |author3=Shaw, Susan Maxine |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8131-2310-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/girlsrockfiftyye0000cars }}
• BOOK, Cavanagh, David, Good Night and Good Riddance: How Thirty-Five Years of John Peel Helped to Shape Modern Life, 2015, London, Faber & Faber, 978-0-571-30248-2,
• BOOK, Chick, Stevie, 2008, Psychic Confusion: The Sonic Youth Story, 978-0-825-63606-6, Omnibus Press,weblink
• MAGAZINE, Cooper, Dennis, SPIN Media LLC, 10, 2, 0886-3032, Spin, Love Conquers All, May 1994,weblink 38–44, 103,
• EPISODE, VH1, June 21, 2010, Courtney Love, Behind the Music, Viacom Media Networks, {{SfnRef, Behind the Music, 2010, }}
• BOOK, Crawford, Anwen, Hole's Live Through This, Bloomsbury USA, 2014, 978-1-623-56377-6, 33 1/3,weblink
• BOOK, Cook, Nicholas, Anthony, Pople, The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music, 1, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 978-0-521-66256-7,
• BOOK, Davies, Steven Paul,weblink A-Z of Cult Films and Film-makers, London, Batsford, 2003, 978-0-7134-8704-6,
• BOOK, Diehl, Matt, My So-Called Punk, 2007, New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 978-0-312-33781-0,
• BOOK, Erlandson, Eric, Eric Erlandson, Letters to Kurt, New York, Akashic Books, 978-1-61775-083-0, 2012,
• BOOK, Evans, Liz, 1994, Women, Sex and Rock'N'Roll: In Their Own Words, London, Pandora, 978-0-04-440900-7,weblink
• BOOK, Green, Joey, How They Met: Fateful Encounters of Famous Lovebirds, Rivals, Partners in Crime, Black Dog Publishing, 2003, 978-1-4223-6673-8,
• BOOK, Hemmer, Kurt, Encyclopedia of Beat Literature, 2006, New York, Facts on File, 978-0-8160-4297-5,
• BOOK, Hole: Celebrity Skin (songbook), Hole, March 1, 1999, Cherry Lane Music, 978-1-57560-137-3, {{SfnRef, Hole et al., 1999, }}
• BOOK,weblink registration, 197, The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, Segalstad, Eric, Josh, Hunter, Samadhi Creations, 2009, 978-0-615-18964-2,
• BOOK, Irvin, Jim,weblink The Mojo Collection, 978-1-84767-020-5, 2008, Canongate U.S., Fourth,
• BOOK, Jackson, Buzzy, A Bad Woman Feeling Good: Blues and the Women Who Sing Them, New York; London, W. W. Norton & Company, 2005, 978-0-393-05936-6,weblink registration, 264,
• BOOK, Jung, K. Elan,weblink Sexual Trauma: A Challenge Not Insanity, The Hudson Press, 2010, 978-0-9831448-0-9,
• BOOK, Klaffke, Pamela, Spree: A Cultural History of Shopping, 2003, Vancouver, Arsenal Pulp Press, 978-1-55152-143-5,weblink
• BOOK, Molly, Ladd-Taylor, Lauri, Umanski, Bad Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth-Century America, 1998, 978-0-8147-5120-6, New York, NYU Press,
• BOOK, Burns, Lori, Lafrance, Mélisse, Disruptive Divas: Feminism, Identity & Popular Music, 2002, Taylor & Francis, New York, 978-0-8153-3554-2,
• BOOK, Lahire, Bernard, 2011, Ce qu'ils vivent, ce qu'ils écrivent: mises en scène littéraires du social et expériences socialisatrices des écrivains, fr, Archives contemporaines, Paris, France, 978-2-813-00050-7,
• BOOK, Lankford, Ronald D. Jr., Women Singer-Songwriters in Rock: A Populist Rebellion in the 1990s, Lanham, Scarecrow Press, 2009, 978-0-8108-7268-4,weblink
• BOOK, Latham, David, Haunted Texts: Studies in Pre-Raphaelitism in Honour of William E. Fredeman, 2003, University of Toronto Press, 978-0-8020-3662-9,weblink
• BOOK, Levy, Joe, The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, 2005, Wenner, 978-1-932958-01-0,
• BOOK, Love, Courtney, Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love, London, Picador, 2006, 978-0-330-44546-7,
• JOURNAL, Marks, Craig,weblink Endless Love, Spin, 10, February 1995, 11, 0886-3032, 42–52,
• BOOK, Millard, André, The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon,weblink Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 978-0-8018-7862-6, 2004,
• BOOK, Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia (Two Volumes), Claudia, Mitchell, Jacqueline, Reid-Walsh, Greenwood Publishing, 978-0-313-33908-0, 2007,
• JOURNAL, Nicolini, Kim,weblink Bad Subjects, Staging the Slut: Hyper-Sexuality in Performance, 1995, 20, October 29, 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071022062320weblink">weblink October 22, 2007, dead,
• BOOK, O'Dair, Barbara, 1997, Trouble Girls: The Rolling Stone Book of Women in Rock,weblink registration, Random House, New York, 978-0-679-76874-6,
• BOOK, Raha, Maria, Maria Raha, 2004, Cinderella's Big Score: Women of the Punk and Indie Underground, Seal Press, 978-1-58005-116-3,
• JOURNAL, Raphael, Amy, March 4, 1995, NME, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, 16–17, 67,
• BOOK, Raphael, Amy, Grrrls: Viva Rock Divas, New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 1996, 978-0-312-14109-7,weblink
• BOOK, Dafydd, Rees, Luke, Crampton, Rock Stars Encyclopedia, 1999, London, DK Pub., 978-0-7894-4613-8,weblink
• BOOK, Reisfeld, Randi,weblink This Is the Sound: The Best of Alternative Rock, New York, Aladdin, 978-0-689-80670-4, 1996,
• BOOK, {{SfnRef, Rocco, Rocco, 1999, |title=Dead Reckonings: The Life and Times of the Grateful Dead |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780028648965 |url-access=registration |year=1999 |location=New York |publisher=Schirmer |isbn=978-0-8256-7174-6 |editor1=Rocco, John M. |editor2=Rocco, Brian }}
• BOOK, Rogatis, Jim, Milk It!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Da Capo Press, 2003, 978-0-306-81271-2,
• BOOK, Roshan, Maer, 2012, New York, Sterling Publishing, Sterling, Courtney Comes Clean: The High Life and Dark Depths of Music's Most Controversial Icon, 978-1-4027-9791-0, A Quick Fix Book,
• BOOK, Schippers, Mimi A., Rockin' out of the Box: Gender Maneuvering in Alternative Hard Rock, Rutgers University Press, 2002, 978-0-8135-3075-8,
• BOOK, Surmani, Karen Farnum,weblink Basix, 978-0-88284-763-4, 1997, Rock Singing Techniques, Van Nuys, California, Alfred Music,
• BOOK, Yadao, Jason S.,weblink The Rough Guide to Manga, New York; London, Penguin, 2009, Rough Guides, 978-1-85828-561-0,
• AV MEDIA, Yapp, Will (dir.), September 26, 2006, The Return of Courtney Love, Documentary, Los Angeles, Channel 4, {{sfnref, Yapp, 2006, }}
• BOOK, Yarm, Mark, Everybody Loves Our Town: An Oral History of Grunge, 978-0-307-46444-6, New York, Three Rivers Press, 2011,weblink

External links

{{sister project links|d=Q222071|b=no|commons=Category:Courtney Love|wikt=no|s=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|n=y}}

• {{discogs artist}}
• {{Amg name|43419}}
• {{IMDb name|0001482}}
• {{curlie|Arts/People/L/Love%2C_Courtney/}}
• Works by or about Courtney Love (library search via WorldCat)

{{Courtney Love}}{{NavboxesList of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love>Awards for Courtney Love|list ={{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{Satellite Award Best Supporting Actress Motion Picture}}}}{{Hole}}{{Faith No More}}{{Authority control}}

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- time: 6:05pm EDT - Wed, May 01 2024