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East Orange, New Jersey
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{{short description|City in Essex County, New Jersey, US}}{{Use American English|date=March 2020}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}







factoids
}}|map_caption = Interactive map of East Orange|pushpin_map = USA New Jersey Essex County#USA New Jersey#USA|pushpin_label = East OrangeEssex County, New Jersey>Essex CountyLocation in New JerseyLocation in the United States|pushpin_relief = yesList of sovereign states>CountryU.S. state>StateList of counties in New Jersey>County{{flag|United States}}}}New Jersey}}Essex County, New Jersey>EssexCity (New Jersey)>City|government_footnotes = |governing_body = City Council|leader_title = MayorNew Jersey Democratic Party>D, term ends December 31, 2025)2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.City manager>Administrator|leader_name1 = Solomon SteplightCity Administrator, City of East Orange. Accessed April 6, 2023.|leader_title2 = Municipal clerk|leader_name2 = Cynthia BrownCity Clerk, City of East Orange. Accessed April 6, 2023.Municipal corporation>Incorporated|established_date = March 4, 1863|unit_pref = ImperialPUBLISHER=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, October 11, 2022, |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 10.17|area_land_km2 = 10.17|area_water_km2 = 0.00|area_total_sq_mi = 3.93|area_land_sq_mi = 3.93|area_water_sq_mi = 0.00|area_water_percent = 0.00|area_rank = 301st of 565 in state10th of 22 in county2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.2020 United States census>2020|population_footnotes = |population_total = 69612List of United States cities by population>553rd in country (as of 2022)Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2022 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023.17th of 565 in state2nd of 22 in countyPopulation Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 1, 2023.|population_density_km2 = auto|population_density_sq_mi = 17722.0|population_density_rank = 13th of 565 in state2nd of 22 in county|population_est = 68446|pop_est_as_of = 2022|pop_est_footnotes = Eastern Time Zone>Eastern (EST)|utc_offset = −05:00Eastern Daylight Time>Eastern (EDT)|utc_offset_DST = −04:00ACCESS-DATE=MARCH 5, 2013, |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = 177UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU>ACCESS-DATE=APRIL 23, 2011TITLE=US GAZETTEER FILES: 2010, 2000, AND 1990, 40.765055region:US-NJ_type:city|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type = ZIP Codes|postal_code = 07017–07019orange&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for East Orange, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed December 17, 2011.ZIP Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 9, 2013.Area codes 862 and 973>973Area Code Lookup – NPA NXX for East Orange, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 9, 2013.Federal Information Processing Standards>FIPS codeUNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU>ACCESS-DATE=JANUARY 31, 2008, U.S. Census website, Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.Geographic Names Information System>GNIS feature IDTITLE=US BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMESUNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY>DATE=OCTOBER 25, 2007, weblink}}|footnotes = }}East Orange is a city in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 69,612, an increase of 5,342 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 64,270, which in turn reflected a decline of 5,554 (−8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 census.Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023. The city was the state's 17th most populous municipality in 2020,Table1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022. after having been ranked 20th in 2010 and 14th statewide in 2000.The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 3, 2019. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 68,446 in 2022, ranking the city the 553rd-most-populous in the country.

History

East Orange had its origins in Connecticut's New Haven Colony. In 1666, a group of 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark, the Oranges, and several other municipalities. The area was situated in the northeast portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as New Jersey.East Orange was initially a part of Newark and was originally known as Newark Mountains. On June 7, 1780, the townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange.Pierson, David Lawrence. History of the Oranges to 1921: Reviewing the Rise, Development and Progress of an Influential Community – Volume 1. Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York, 1922. OCLC 3884577. See Chapter XXIX – The Name Orange Adopted, Page 155. Available via Google Books At the time, there was a significant number of people in favor of secession from Newark. However, this would not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860, was Orange officially incorporated as a city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. East Orange was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 127. Accessed February 4, 2017.East Orange was known, at one time, for the shade trees that lined the city's residential streets. This is still evident today as many of the tall trees still stand.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.93 square miles (10.17 km2), all of which was land.East Orange shares borders with the Essex County municipalities of Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.Areas touching East Orange, MapIt. Accessed March 29, 2020.Municipalities, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed March 29, 2020.New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church.Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 4, 2015.

Neighborhoods

File:Eastorangemansion.jpg|left|thumb|A reminder of East Orange's former wealth. The Ambrose-Ward MansionAmbrose-Ward MansionEast Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into a number of neighborhoods, still with many well maintained streets and homes.
  • Ampere: Anchored by the now defunct train station of the same name, The Ampere section was developed on land owned by Orange Water Works, after the construction of the Crocker Wheeler Company plant spurred development in the area. The station was named in honor of André-Marie Ampère, a pioneer in electrodynamics and reconstructed as a new Renaissance Revival station in 1907 and 1908. Roughly bounded by the Ampere North CDP in Bloomfield to the north, Lawton Street and Newark to the east, 4th Avenue to the south, and North Grove Street to the West.
  • Greenwood (Teen Streets)"An Energy Plan For The City of East Orange, New Jersey" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916034416weblink |date=September 16, 2014 }}, Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, October 2010. Accessed November 4, 2014.: So named after Greenwood Avenue and the "teen" streets that run through it. It is often grouped together with Ampere. This area was severely disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280 and the Garden State Parkway. The Grove Street station of the former Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was located at Grove and Main streets. Roughly bounded by 4th Avenue to the North, North 15th Street/Newark to the east, Eaton Place/NJ Transit Morris & Essex Lines, and North Grove Street to the eest.
  • Presidential Estates: Recently designated due to the streets in this area being named after early presidents of the United States. There are many large well kept homes situated on streets lined with very old, very large shade trees in this neighborhood that are characteristic of the northern section of the city. Roughly Bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Montclair-Boonton Line and North Grove Street to the east, Springdale Avenue to the South and the Garden State Parkway to the West.
  • Elmwood: Located in the southeastern part of the city. Elmwood Park serves this section of the city, with 7 tennis courts on Rhode Island Avenue, a basketball court on the corner of Elmwood Avenue and Oak Street, a swimming pool with a pool house, a walking track, a baseball field, a softball field and a renovated field house.About Our Parks {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916034007weblink |date=September 16, 2014 }}, City of East Orange. Accessed November 4, 2014. The area holds one of the surviving Carnegie Libraries, the Elmwood Branch of the East Orange Public Library, opened in 1912.Hart, Bill. East Orange in Vintage Postcards, P. 28. Arcadia Publishing, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-7385-0457-5}}. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  • Doddtown (Franklin): Named after John Dodd who founded and surveyed the area of the "Watsessing Plain".Daniel Dodd settles on land near Watsessing Plain, East Orange Interactive Museum. Accessed November 4, 2014. The former campus of Upsala College is located here. It was converted into the new East Orange Campus High School on the east side of Prospect Street, and an adjacent new housing subdivision. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, the Garden State Parkway to the East, Park Avenue to the South and Orange to the West.

Demographics

{{US Census population|1870= 4315|1880= 8349|1890= 13282|1900= 21506|1910= 34371|1920= 50710|1930= 68020|1940= 68945|1950= 79340|1960= 77259|1970= 75471|1980= 77878|1990= 73552|2000= 69824|2010= 64270|2020= 69612| estimate=68446| estyear=2022| estref=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023.Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 9, 2013. 1870Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, pp. 245-6, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed October 9, 2013. "East Orange township was formed from part of the town of Orange, March 4th, 1863, and in 1870 contained a population of 4,315."Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed October 9, 2013.1870–1890Rollin D. Salisbury>Salisbury, Rollin D. The Physical Geography of New Jersey: Volume IV. of the Final Report of the State Geologist, p. 154. Trenton, New Jersey, The John L. Murphy Publishing Company, 1898. Accessed May 24, 2012. 1880–1890Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III – 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed October 9, 2013.1890–1910Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed October 9, 2013. Population for 1890 is listed in footnote 11. 1900–1930Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 – Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 710. Accessed December 17, 2011.1940–2000Table 6: New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1940 - 2000, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, August 2001. Accessed May 1, 2023. 20002010weblink" title="archive.today/20200212100850weblink">DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 17, 2011.Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city {{Webarchiveweblink>date=May 6, 2012 }}, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 17, 2011. 2020QuickFacts East Orange city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 15, 2022.Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.}}

2020 census{| class"wikitable" style"text-align:center;"

East Orange city, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition{{nobold>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.}}!Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)!Pop 2000WEB, P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – East Orange city, New Jersey,weblink United States Census Bureau, January 26, 2024, !Pop 2010WEB, P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – East Orange city, New Jersey,weblink United States Census Bureau, !{{partial|Pop 2020}}WEB, P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – East Orange city, New Jersey,weblink United States Census Bureau, !% 2000!% 2010!{{partial|% 2020}}Non-Hispanic or Latino whites>White alone (NH)|1,874|1,4221.99%Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans>Black or African American alone (NH)|61,604|55,70278.56%Native Americans in the United States>Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)|130|1860.24%Asian Americans>Asian alone (NH)|294|4360.72%Pacific Islander Americans>Pacific Islander alone (NH)|37|290.01%Race and ethnicity in the United States census>Some Other Race alone (NH)|288|3350.82%Multiracial Americans>Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH)|2,313|1,0654.69%Hispanic and Latino Americans>Hispanic or Latino (any race)|3,284|5,09512.97%|Total|69,824|64,270100.00%

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 64,270 people, 24,945 households, and 14,742 families in the city. The population density was 16,377.1 per square mile (6,323.2/km2). There were 28,803 housing units at an average density of 7,339.5 per square mile (2,833.8/km2). The racial makeup was 4.13% (2,657) White, 88.51% (56,887) Black or African American, 0.39% (248) Native American, 0.72% (465) Asian, 0.06% (38) Pacific Islander, 3.69% (2,370) from other races, and 2.50% (1,605) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.93% (5,095) of the population.Of the 24,945 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18; 23.3% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 40.9% were non-families. Of all households, 35.8% were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.33.25.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 81.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 75.4 males.The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,358 (with a margin of error of +/− $1,873) and the median family income was $50,995 (+/− $2,877). Males had a median income of $38,642 (+/− $1,851) versus $39,843 (+/− $2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,298 (+/− $746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.weblink" title="archive.today/20200212083944weblink">DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 8, 2012.

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|17,776.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of {{convert|7,252.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American, 3.84% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of the population.Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for East Orange city, New Jersey {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529062726weblink |date=May 29, 2012 }}, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.weblink" title="archive.today/20200212092416weblink">DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.(File:Public Playgrounds in East Orange, New Jersey (1908).jpeg|thumb|right|Public playgrounds in East Orange, 1908)(File:Apartment building, East Orange.jpg|thumb|right|A pre-WWII apartment on South Munn Avenue in East Orange.)There were 26,024 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.37.In the city the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.The median income for a household in the city was $32,346, and the median income for a family was $38,562. Males had a median income of $31,905 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States. Migrants from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Haiti and other smaller Caribbean Islands have a huge presence, and East Orange has the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside, at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying Black American ancestry. East Orange also has a large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census.African American Communities {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317184700weblink |date=March 17, 2015 }}, EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had the highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry.Guyanese Communities {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035420weblink |date=July 13, 2015 }}, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.

Economy

(File:CENTRAL AVENUE COMMERCIAL HISTORIC DISTRICT, EAST ORANGE, ESSEX COUNTY, NY.jpg|thumb|Central Avenue Commercial Historic District)Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. East Orange was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program.Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The legislation was amended in 1996 to include seven additional zones. They were all predetermined and include East Orange, Guttenberg, Hillside, Irvington, North Bergen, Pemberton and West New York." In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the {{frac|6|5|8}}% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018" Established in June 1996, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in June 2027.Urban Enterprise Zones Effective and Expiration Dates, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.The main commercial avenues of the city are Central Avenue and Main Street, both of which flow east to west, the latter of which was disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280. Recent efforts have been made to revitalize the commercial area, especially along Main Street and Evergreen Place. New apartments buildings & commercial space have been proposed and built over the last decade. Along South Harrison Street, new apartment buildings have gone up, while existing ones have been updated.

Parks and recreation

East Orange is served by five parks: Columbian Park, Elmwood Park, Francis-Haire Park, Memorial Park and Rowley Park. Sports grounds, such as Oval Playground and Soverel Field, the city's largest, offer athletic fields and facilities.Parks & Facilities, City of East Orange. Accessed December 25, 2023. Paul Robeson Stadium, located on North Clinton Street, hosts local sports teams and typically, the city's annual Fourth of July fireworks celebration.Points of Interest, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.The city owns East Orange Golf Course, located {{convert|10|mi}} away in Short Hills.Golf Course, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.

Government

(File:East Orange City Hall Lincoln jeh.jpg|thumb|right|City Hall)East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The city is one of 15 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this traditional form of government.Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023. The government is comprised of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards. The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election in odd-numbered years.2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 148."Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey", p. 4. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.Ward Boundaries, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.The City Council performs the legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor.{{As of|2023}}, the Mayor of East Orange is Democrat Theodore R. "Ted" Green, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025.Office of the Mayor, City of East Orange. Accessed April 21, 2022. Members of the City Council are Christopher Awe (D, 2025; 2nd Ward), Mustafa Al-M. Brent (D, 2023; 5th Ward), Brittany D. Claybrooks (D, 2023; 2nd Ward), Tameika Garrett-Ward (D, 2025; 4th Ward), Casim L. Gomez (D, 2023; 4th Ward), Alicia Holman (D, 2025; 5th Ward), Christopher D. James (D, 2025; 1st Ward), Bergson Leneus (D, 2025; 3rd Ward), Amy Lewis (D, 2023; 1st Ward) and Vernon Pullins Jr. (D, 2023; 3rd Ward).Meet the City Council, City of East Orange. Accessed January 10, 2023. "Members of the City Council are elected to serve a four-year term. The ten member Council consists of two representatives from each of the City's five geographic wards. Five members are elected every odd year from each ward."2022 Municipal Data Sheet, City of East Orange. Accessed November 22, 2022.Essex County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed March 29, 2020.General Election November 2, 2021 Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 16, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2022.November 5, 2019, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 14, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.In July 2018, the City Council selected Christopher Awe to fill the Second Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Romal D. Bullock resigned to become the city's tax assessor.Sykes, Chris. "James to replace outgoing chairman as Awe is sworn in" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104040327weblink |date=November 4, 2019 }}, Essex News Daily, July 14, 2018. Accessed November 3, 2019. "The East Orange City Council elected 1st Ward Councilman Chris James as its new chairman and Mayor Ted Green swore in new 2nd Ward Councilman Chris Awe at the council’s meeting on Monday, July 9. James is replacing Romal Bullock, the former chairman and 2nd Ward councilman, who resigned, effective Saturday, June 30, to become the city’s new tax assessor. Awe is taking over Bullock’s 2nd Ward seat." In November 2018, Awe was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.November 6, 2018, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 22, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.In December 2018, Tameika Garrett-Ward was appointed to fill the Fourth Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Tyshammie L. Cooper was sworn into office on the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders; she was elected to serve the balance of the term in November 2019.The first African-American Mayor of East Orange was William S. Hart Sr., who was elected to two consecutive terms, serving in office from 1970 to 1978.Herbers, John. "Voters Ignoring The Party Label; Elections Indicate Decline in Organizations' Stability -- Polarization Grows Returns Across Country", The New York Times, November 6, 1969. Accessed December 17, 2011. "For example, William S. Hart, a Democrat, was elected the first Negro Mayor of a major New Jersey municipality, East Orange." Hart Middle School was named after him.

Federal, state and county representation

(File:East Orange USPS jeh.jpg|thumb|right|Post Office)East Orange is located in the 10th Congressional DistrictPlan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020. and is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district.Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.Districts by Number for 2011–2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.{{NJ Congress 10}} {{NJ Senate}}{{NJ Legislative 34}}{{NJ Essex County Commissioners}}

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 36,280 registered voters in East Orange, of which 21,646 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats, 396 (1.1%) were registered as Republicans and 14,228 (39.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties.Voter Registration Summary – Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 98.5% of the vote (24,862 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.3% (330 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (46 votes), among the 25,375 ballots cast by the city's 39,668 registered voters (137 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.0%.WEB,weblink Presidential General Election Results – November 6, 2012 – Essex County, March 15, 2013, New Jersey Department of Elections, December 24, 2014, WEB,weblink Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 6, 2012 – General Election Results – Essex County, March 15, 2013, New Jersey Department of Elections, December 24, 2014, In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.7% of the vote (24,718 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1.6% (408 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (35 votes), among the 25,304 ballots cast by the city's 36,891 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6%.2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 93.2% of the vote (19,447 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 5.9% (1,225 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (128 votes), among the 20,856 ballots cast by the city's 33,328 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.6.2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 88.0% of the vote (9,413 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 11.3% (1,212 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (75 votes), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 41,016 registered voters (569 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.WEB,weblink Governor – Essex County, January 29, 2014, New Jersey Department of Elections, December 24, 2014, WEB,weblink Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 5, 2013 – General Election Results – Essex County, January 29, 2014, New Jersey Department of Elections, December 24, 2014, In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 94.4% of the vote (12,554 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2.9% (380 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.2% (153 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (63 votes), among the 13,295 ballots cast by the city's 36,157 registered voters, yielding a 36.8% turnout.2009 Governor: Essex County {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202084614weblink |date=February 2, 2015 }}, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.

Education

The East Orange School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.East Orange Board of Education Bylaws 0110 - Identification, East Orange School District. Accessed March 29, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the East Orange School District. Composition: The East Orange School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the city of East Orange in the County of Essex." The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. BurkeWhat We Do: History, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'." which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 20 schools, had an enrollment of 10,072 students and 744.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1.District information for East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education StatisticsSchool Data for the East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.) areAlthea Gibson Early Childhood AcademyAlthea Gibson Early Childhood Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (159 students; in grades Pre-K and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood CenterWahlstrom Early Childhood Center {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201155weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (156; Pre-K–K), Benjamin Banneker AcademyBenjamin Banneker Academy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805191406weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (511; Pre-K–5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of ExcellenceEdward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193752weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (609; Pre-K–5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and TechnologyGeorge Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304232504weblink |date=March 4, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (325; Pre-K–5), Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. AcademyJohnnie L. Cochran Jr. Academy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805192950weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (193; K–5), Mildred Barry Garvin SchoolMildred Barry Garvin School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304232504weblink |date=March 4, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (356; Pre-K–5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing ArtsWhitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805200955weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (369; Pre-K–8), Langston Hughes Elementary SchoolLangston Hughes Elementary School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810051802weblink |date=August 10, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (589; Pre-K–5), J. Garfield Jackson Sr. AcademyJ. Garfield Jackson Sr. Academy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922023417weblink |date=September 22, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (256; K–5), Ecole Touissant LouvertureEcole Touissant Louverture {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193058weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (297; Pre-K–5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and TelevisionGordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810045649weblink |date=August 10, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (285; Pre-K–5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary SchoolCicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193329weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (504; Pre-K–5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and EntrepreneurshipDionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805191010weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (462; Pre-K–5), Future Ready PrepFuture Ready Prep {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922023514weblink |date=September 22, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (NA; 6–7), Patrick F. Healy Middle SchoolPatrick F. Healy Middle School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201448weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (392; 7), John L. Costley Middle SchoolJohn L. Costley Middle School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805200303weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (367; 8), Sojourner Truth Middle SchoolSojourner Truth Middle School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805200625weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (406; 6), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine ArtsCicely L. Tyson Community School of Performing and Fine Arts {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193407weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (740; 6–12), East Orange Campus High SchoolEast Orange Campus High School {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922023807weblink |date=September 22, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. located on the former campus of Upsala College (1,651; 9–12), East Orange STEM AcademyEast Orange STEM Academy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805202339weblink |date=August 5, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (358; 9–12) and Fresh Start Academy Middle / High – Glenwood CampusFresh Start Academy Middle / High - Glenwood Campus {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922023537weblink |date=September 22, 2020 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020. (NA; 6–12).Meet the East Orange Schools {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512225723weblink |date=May 12, 2021 }}, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.New Jersey School Directory for the East Orange School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.School Profile, East Orange Community Charter School. Accessed March 8, 2012.Ahlus Sunnah School is a K–12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005.About {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101621weblink |date=February 5, 2017 }}, Ahlus Sunnah School. Accessed February 4, 2017.The East Orange Public Library at one time included three branch buildings of the original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey; the original building opened in 1903 with costs covered by a gift of $50,000 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|0.050|1903|fmt=c|r=1}} million in {{Inflation/year|US}}) from Andrew Carnegie.About Us, East Orange Public Library. April 10, 2024. "At the first meeting of that Board, a letter from Andrew Carnegie was read offering $50,000.00 for the construction of a library building if the City would provide a site and maintenance of not less than $5,000.00 a year for the library. The land, at the corner of Munn Avenue and Freeway Drive East (then Main Street), was purchased at a cost of $22,182.00, and the building was designed by Kent, Jardine, and Kent in an unusual fan-shape to make maximum use of the corner lot. The new building was opened on January 22, 1903, with 9,000 volumes ready for borrowing." It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annuallyEast Orange Public Library, librarytechnology.org. Accessed November 4, 2014. from four locations.

Healthcare

East Orange is served by East Orange General Hospital, located on Central Avenue in the southern part of the city. The 211 bed hospital is the only independent, fully accredited, acute care hospital in Essex County. The hospital was recently acquired by Prospect Medical Systems and renamed to CareWell Health Medical Center in 2022.WEB, Health, CareWell, 2022-02-10, East Orange Hospital is NOW CareWell Health Medical Center,weblink 2023-12-05, CareWell Health Medical Center, en-US, East Orange is also home to the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, also known as the East Orange VA Hospital. It is located on Tremont Avenue near S.Orange Ave. and serves many vets from the region.About Us, East Orange General Hospital. Accessed November 3, 2019.

Transportation

Roads and highways

File:2021-06-05 15 55 37 View south along New Jersey State Route 444 (Garden State Parkway) from the overpass for Essex County Route 658 (Park Avenue) in East Orange, Essex County, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|right|The Garden State ParkwayGarden State Parkway{{As of|2010|5}}, the city had a total of {{convert|83.43|mi}} of roadways, of which {{convert|73.27|mi}} were maintained by the municipality, {{convert|6.30|mi}} by Essex County, {{convert|1.52|mi}} by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and {{convert|2.34|mi}} by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.The Garden State Parkway passes through the city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north.Garden State Parkway Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated August 2014. Accessed February 15, 2023. The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springdale Avenue.Travel Resources: Interchanges, Service Areas & Commuter Lots, New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Accessed November 4, 2014. Interstate 280 crosses the city from east to west, connecting Orange to the west and Newark to the east.Interstate 280 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated March 2016. Accessed February 15, 2023.Essex County Highway Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed February 15, 2023.

Public transportation

Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by multiple NJ Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 24, 34, 41, 44 , 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.WEB,weblink Essex County Bus / Rail Connections, May 22, 2009, bot: unknown,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090522212304weblink">weblink May 22, 2009, , NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.Essex County System Map {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728205318weblink |date=July 28, 2014 }}, NJ Transit. Accessed November 2, 2019.New Jersey Transit operates two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines.Morristown Line {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060244weblink |date=October 23, 2013 }}, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013. The East Orange station is located beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall.East Orange station {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023115605weblink |date=October 23, 2013 }}, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013. Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two.Brick Church station {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023100819weblink |date=October 23, 2013 }}, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013. Both have seven-day service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan as well as weekday service to Hoboken Terminal.The Montclair-Boonton Line runs through the Ampere neighborhood of the city on the east, after splitting off from the Morris & Essex Lines just east of the city line in Newark. Ampere station was a former stop on the line near Ampere Parkway and Springdale Avenue which opened in 1890, but closed in 1991 due to low ridership. Residents can use nearby Watsessing Avenue station in neighboring Bloomfield. Another former stop was Grove Street station, a mile east of Brick Church, which ended service in April 1991, together with the Ampere station."NJ Transit train times revised", Courier News, April 7, 1991. Accessed December 24, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Passengers traveling from the Ampere Station on the Montclair branch and the Grove Street Station on the Morristown Line are reminded that service to these stations will be discontinued effective today.."The city is {{convert|7.8|mi}} from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.

Notable people

{{Category see also|People from East Orange, New Jersey}}People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with East Orange include:{{div col}} {{div col end}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • Hart, William. East Orange. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.
  • Stuart, Mark A. A Centennial History of East Orange. East Orange, NJ: East Orange Centennial Committee, 1964.

External links

{{Commons category}}{{EB1911 poster|East Orange}}{{Wikivoyage|East Orange}} {{Essex County, New Jersey}}{{Passaic River}}{{Authority control}}

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