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{{short description|Capital city of Minnesota, United States}}{{for|an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area|Minneapolis–Saint Paul}}{{good article}}{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}}

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| official_name = | image_flag = Flag of St. Paul, Minnesota.svg| flag_link = Flag of Saint Paul, Minnesota| image_seal = CitysealSaintPaul.gif| nicknames = "the Capital City", "the Saintly City", "Twin Cities" (with Minneapolis), "Pig's Eye", "STP", "Last City of the East"| named_for = St. Paul the Apostle| motto = The most livable city in America*frame=yesframe-width=300frame-align=centertype=pointmarker=citystroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}| mapsize = 300px| map_caption = Interactive map of St. Paul44399314region:US-MN_type:city(310,000)|display=inline,title}}| subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = United StatesU.S. state>StateList of counties in Minnesota>County| subdivision_name1 = MinnesotaRamsey County, Minnesota>RamseyMunicipal corporation>Incorporated| established_date = March 4, 1854List of mayors of Saint Paul, Minnesota>MayorMelvin Carter (politician)>Melvin Carter (DFL)| leader_title1 = Body| leader_name1 = Saint Paul City Council| total_type = City| unit_pref = ImperialPUBLISHER=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, July 24, 2022, | area_total_km2 = 145.31| area_total_sq_mi = 56.10| area_land_km2 = 134.61| area_land_sq_mi = 51.97| area_water_km2 = 10.70| area_water_sq_mi = 4.13| elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 251| elevation_ft = 824| population_total = 3115272020 United States census>2020| population_est = 303176| pop_est_as_of = 2022| pop_est_footnotes = | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 2314.32| population_density_sq_mi = 5994.02Metropolitan statistical area>16th)List of United States cities by population>67th MN: 2nd| population_blank1_title = Demonym| population_blank1 = Saint Paulite| postal_code_type = ZIP Codes| postal_code = 55101–55131, 55133, 55144-55146, 55150, 55155, 55164, 55170Area code 651>651Central Time Zone>Central (CST)| utc_offset = -6| timezone_DST = CDT| utc_offset_DST = -5Federal Information Processing Standards>FIPS code| blank_info = 27-58000Geographic Names Information System>GNIS ID2396511}}weblink|stpaul.gov}}| footnotes = Current as of October 12, 2023Mayor–council government>Mayor–councilSt. Paul Charter §1.04}}Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County.WEB, 2008, Ramsey County,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080708184922weblink">weblink July 8, 2008, July 30, 2008, Metro MSP, Minneapolis Regional Chamber Development Foundation, Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota's government.WEB, January 30, 2017, The St. Paul and Pacific was a pioneering railroad in Minnesota, if not a very successful one (at least, at first),weblink November 6, 2021, MinnPost, en-US, November 6, 2021,weblink live, WEB, 2006, A City Where People Work,weblink unfit, Capital City Partnership,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080427204014weblink">weblink April 27, 2008, The Minnesota State Capitol and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood, the James J. Hill House, and the Cathedral of Saint Paul.WEB, About Saint Paul,weblink December 1, 2021, Saint Paul, Minnesota, December 1, 2021,weblink live, WEB, Saint Paul: Minnesota's Livable & Dynamic Capital City,weblink December 1, 2021, Saint Paul, Minnesota, December 1, 2021,weblink live, Like the adjacent city of Minneapolis, Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers.According to census estimates, in 2022 the city's population was 303,176, making it the 67th-most populous city in the United States, the 12th-most populous in the Midwest, and the second-most populous in Minnesota.WEB, January 30, 2019, Cleveland.com News,weblink live, January 28, 2022, Cleveland.com, January 26, 2022,weblink WEB,weblink Population and Housing Unit Estimates, May 21, 2020, April 21, 2019,weblink live, Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the Minnesota River. Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up the core of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the third most populous metropolitan area in the Midwest.WEB, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas on July 1, 2018 Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018, United States Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau,weblink June 1, 2018, June 1, 2018, {{dead link|date=June 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Alt URL{{dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}The Legislative Assembly of the Minnesota Territory established the Town of Saint Paul as its capital near existing Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river.Fun Facts, Visit St. Paul, Official Convention and Visitors Bureau webpage, 175 West Kellogg Boulevard, Suite 502, Saint Paul, MN weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927102111weblink|date=September 27, 2020}} The city has three sports venues: Xcel Energy Center, home to the Minnesota Wild, CHS Field, home to the St. Paul Saints, and Allianz Field, home to Minnesota United.NEWS,weblink Stars Can't Go Home Again, Associated Press, CBS Sports, July 30, 2008, December 17, 2000,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081211172434weblink">weblink December 11, 2008, live, Saint Paul has a mayor–council government. The current mayor is Melvin Carter III, who was first elected in 2018.

History

File:Indian Mounds park.jpg|thumb|left|A burial mound at Indian Mounds Park ]]Burial mounds in present-day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2,000 years ago.WEB, Trimble, Steve, A Short history of Indian Mounds Park, Neighborhood Pride Celebration, daytonsbluff.org, July 2, 2000,weblink December 7, 2006, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110501184552weblink">weblink May 1, 2011, WEB, Indian Mounds Park, Mississippi National River and recreation Area, National Park Service,weblink December 20, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110118001409weblink">weblink January 18, 2011, live, From the early 17th century to 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota, a band of the Dakota people, lived near the mounds at the village of Kaposia and consider the area encompassing present-day Saint Paul Bdóte, the site of creation for their people.WEB,weblink Dakota Life, Mark, Morrison, City of Bloomington, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080501122521weblink">weblink May 1, 2008, The Dakota called the area Imniza-Ska ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side.BOOK,weblink 197, imniza ska., A Dakota-English Dictionary, Stephen Return Riggs, James Owen Dorsey, University of Michigan, 1892, July 30, 2008, WEB,weblink Lambert's Landing, National Park Services, February 16, 2023,weblink 7 June 2023, live, The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan Tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the Menominee language Saint Paul was called Sāēnepān-Menīkān, which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods.WEB,weblink Menominee Place Names in Wisconsin, Hoffman, Mike, The Menominee Clans Story, October 6, 2018,weblink October 5, 2018, dead, After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, U.S. Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated approximately {{convert|100000|acre|ha sqmi}} of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers on both sides of the Mississippi up to Saint Anthony Falls. All of what is now the Highland Park neighborhood was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi rivers.WEB,weblink The Treaty Story, Minnesota History Center, 1999, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090105010630weblink">weblink January 5, 2009, In 1819, Fort Snelling was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government.WEB,weblink Treaty with the Sioux, 1837, September 29, 1837, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Oklahoma State University Library, July 15, 2016, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081201174618weblink">weblink December 1, 2008, Chief Little Crow III moved his village, Kaposia, from south of Mounds Park across the river a few miles onto Dakota land.1983 Survey Dist 1.pdf - Historic Saint Paul, Historic Saint Paul website, 400 Landmark Center, 75 West 5th Street, Saint Paul, MN weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127235806weblink|date=November 27, 2020}}BOOK, Kappler, Charles J., Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, II (Treaties, 1778–1883),weblink 1904, Government Printing Office, Oklahoma State University Library, and WEB,weblink Treaty with the Sioux, September 29, 1837, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081201174618weblink">weblink December 1, 2008, and WEB, Treaty with the Sioux—Sisseton and Wahpeton Bands,weblink July 23, 1851, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080616144255weblink">weblink June 16, 2008, and WEB, Treaty With the Sioux—Mdewakanton and Wapahkoota Bands,weblink August 5, 1851, June 26, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070711133037weblink">weblink July 11, 2007, Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned bootlegger "Pig's Eye" Parrant, who set up business just outside the reservation, particularly irritated the commander.BOOK, Schaper, Julie, Horwitz, Steven, Twin Cities Noir, Akashic Books, 2006, New York, New York, 16,weblink registration, 978-1-888451-97-9, July 28, 2008, By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called Pig's Eye (French: L'Œil du Cochon) or Pig's Eye Landing after Parrant's popular tavern. In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of Saint Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi.Carver's Cave- Subterranean Twin Cities, Ramsey County History, G.A. Brick, p.17 weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128191922weblink|date=November 28, 2020}} The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the Métis brought their oxen and Red River Carts down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North. Saint Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails. In 1840, Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center.WEB,weblink Pierre Bottineau, GENi, Joe Eickhoff, July 2020, September 4, 2020, April 29, 2021,weblink live, In 1841, Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for St. Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling.WEB,weblink Overview of the Cathedral, Cathedral of Saint Paul, 2004, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070806222821weblink">weblink August 6, 2007, WEB,weblink Catholicisme dans le Midwest Lucien Galtier et l'origine du nom de la capitale du Minnesota, Patricia, Mougel, Reflets de l'étoile du nord, 27, 3, June 2007, fr, July 28, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080909212452weblink">weblink September 9, 2008, dead, Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pig's Eye". In 1847, New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school.BOOK, Gilman, Rhonda R., The Story of Minnesota's Past, Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1989, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 99–104, 978-0-87351-267-1, The Minnesota Territory was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became Saint Paul neighborhoods.WEB,weblink MNDOT Historic Roadside Development Structures Inventory, RA-SPC-2928, September 9, 2020, October 19, 2020,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20201019074027weblink">weblink live, In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter, but Joe Rolette, a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing the move.WEB, Rolette, Jr., Joseph "Joe", Minnesota Legislators Past & Present, Minnesota Legislature,weblink July 30, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081229135501weblink">weblink December 29, 2008, dead, (File:Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul.jpg|thumb|Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul)The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul, making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory. Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East." Fort Snelling was important to Saint Paul from the start. Direct access from Saint Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to Saint Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served Saint Paul. Industrialist James J. Hill founded his railroad empire in Saint Paul. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific Railway were both headquartered in Saint Paul until they merged with the Burlington Northern. Today they are part of the BNSF Railway.WEB,weblink Separated at Birth: The Sibling Rivalry of Minneapolis and St. Paul, November 19, 2007, Organization of American Historians, Mary Lethert, Wingerd, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120707020313weblink">weblink July 7, 2012, On August 20, 1904, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $1.78 million (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.78|1904|r=2}}}} million today) in damages and ripping spans from the High Bridge.WEB, St. Paul, Minneapolis and other cities in Minnesota suffer from gale., GenDisasters.com,weblink March 28, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071022194814weblink">weblink October 22, 2007, During the 1960s, in conjunction with urban renewal, Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for the creation of the interstate freeway system.WEB,weblink Rondo Neighborhood & the Building of I-94, 2008, Minnesota Historical Society, July 2, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130204100958weblink">weblink February 4, 2013, dead, From 1959 to 1961, the Rondo neighborhood was demolished for the construction of Interstate 94. The loss of that African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities.JOURNAL, The Effects of a Freeway Displacement on Racial Housing Segregation in a Northern City, F. James, Davis, 273848, 209–215, 26, 3, Phylon, 1965, 10.2307/273848, The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community.WEB,weblink Rondo Days official site, Rondo Avenue Inc., August 3, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080501191637weblink">weblink May 1, 2008, Downtown Saint Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in the 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as Galtier Plaza (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, Wells Fargo Place (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s.WEB,weblink Tallest skyscrapers of Saint Paul, Emporis, 2008, August 15, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070518162025weblink">weblink May 18, 2007, dead, In the 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent Hmong immigrants from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar.WEB, Hmong Refugee Resettlement, Minnesota Council of Non-Profits,weblink March 28, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080202073035weblink">weblink February 2, 2008, Saint Paul is the location of the Hmong Archives.NEWS, Moua, Teng, Hmong Archives Reaches a Milestone,weblink December 18, 2010, Hmong Today, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110515131920weblink">weblink May 15, 2011,

Geography

File:Meeker Island Lock and Dam.jpg|thumb|The Meeker IslandMeeker IslandSaint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the last ice age, as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys.WEB, Mississippi: River Facts, U.S. National Park Service, August 14, 2006,weblink July 28, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090106103328weblink">weblink January 6, 2009, live, The city is situated in east-central Minnesota.The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. Minneapolis, the state's largest city, lies to the west. Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Roseville, and Maplewood are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south, as are Lilydale, Mendota, and Mendota Heights, across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which is part of the Mississippi, Lake Phalen, and Lake Como. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of {{convert|56.18|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|51.98|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|4.20|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.WEB, US Gazetteer files 2010,weblink United States Census Bureau, November 13, 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120702145235weblink">weblink July 2, 2012, The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.NEWS,weblink In St. Paul, they're passionate about parks, Havens, Chris, October 31, 2007, Star Tribune, November 4, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071102083806weblink">weblink November 2, 2007, dead, AA1, 0895-2825, The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only Minneapolis, in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land.WEB,weblink ParkScore, www.parkscore.tpl.org, en-US, May 23, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180524003623weblink">weblink May 24, 2018, dead,

Neighborhoods

Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into 17 Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the councils share a pool of funds.NEWS, Medcalf, Myron P., St. Paul's neighborhood councils scrutinize their financial status, Star Tribune, B4 Local, September 11, 2007,weblink July 28, 2008, March 10, 2022,weblink live, The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents.WEB,weblink District Councils, City of Saint Paul, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090211145517weblink">weblink February 11, 2009, The planning districts mostly represent traditional neighborhoods and combinations of smaller neighborhoods within the city.The city's 17 Planning Districts are:{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

1. Southeast
2. Greater East Side
3. West Side
4. Dayton's Bluff
5. Payne-Phalen
6. North End
7. Thomas Dale (Frogtown)
8. Summit-University
9. West Seventh
10. Como Park
11. Hamline-Midway
12. Saint Anthony Park
13. Union Park
14. Macalester-Groveland
15. Highland Park
16. Summit Hill
17. Downtown

{{div col end}}

Climate

{{see also|Climate of the Twin Cities|Climate of Minnesota}}(File:Saint paul mn.jpg|thumb|The city skyline from the southwest in the winter)Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States. Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On the Köppen climate classification, Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and fog.JOURNAL, Kottek, Markus, Grieser, Jürgen, Beck, Christoph, Rudolf, Bruno, Rubel, Franz, World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15, 3, 259–263, June 2006,weblink 10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130, December 15, 2010, 2006MetZe..15..259K, {{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses, especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of {{convert|46.5|°F|°C}} gives the Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S.45.4 Â°F for 1971 through 2000 per U.S. Census {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103012949weblink |date=January 3, 2007 }} who cites WEB, National Climatic Data Center, Normals 1971–2000,weblink March 25, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070401171717weblink">weblink April 1, 2007, live, or {{convert|44.6|°F|°C|abbr=on}} per WEB, Fisk, Charles,weblink Minneapolis-Saint Paul Area Daily Climatological History of Temperature, Precipitation, and Snowfall, A Year-by-Year Graphical Portrayal (1820–present), March 3, 2007, March 25, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070518201556weblink">weblink May 18, 2007, Saint Paul is expected to be affected by climate change. More extreme heat waves are expected, as is increased precipitation in the spring and summer, which could cause river and flash flooding. Vector-borne transmission of such diseases as West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and human anaplasmosis may increase because of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns.WEB, December 2019, Saint Paul Climate Action & Resilience Plan,weblink February 27, 2024, stpaul.gov, {{Weather box|location = St. Paul Downtown Airport, Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)|single line = Y|Jan record high F = 58|Feb record high F = 64|Mar record high F = 83|Apr record high F = 93|May record high F = 99|Jun record high F = 101|Jul record high F = 104|Aug record high F = 104|Sep record high F = 101|Oct record high F = 90|Nov record high F = 78|Dec record high F = 63|year record high F = 104|Jan high F = 23.9|Feb high F = 28.7|Mar high F = 41.7|Apr high F = 56.8|May high F = 68.9|Jun high F = 78.5|Jul high F = 82.6|Aug high F = 80.4|Sep high F = 72.4|Oct high F = 58.0|Nov high F = 42.1|Dec high F = 28.6|year high F = 55.2|Jan mean F = 16.3|Feb mean F = 20.8|Mar mean F = 33.1|Apr mean F = 47.0|May mean F = 58.9|Jun mean F = 68.8|Jul mean F = 73.3|Aug mean F = 71.1|Sep mean F = 62.9|Oct mean F = 49.0|Nov mean F = 34.6|Dec mean F = 21.7|year mean F = 46.5|Jan low F = 8.6|Feb low F = 12.9|Mar low F = 24.6|Apr low F = 37.2|May low F = 48.9|Jun low F = 59.2|Jul low F = 64.0|Aug low F = 61.7|Sep low F = 53.4|Oct low F = 40.0|Nov low F = 27.1|Dec low F = 14.8|year low F = 37.7|Jan record low F = −41|Feb record low F = −33|Mar record low F = −26|Apr record low F = 6|May record low F = 23|Jun record low F = 34|Jul record low F = 45|Aug record low F = 39|Sep record low F = 28|Oct record low F = 8|Nov record low F = −25|Dec record low F = −39|year record low F = -41|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation inch = 0.48|Feb precipitation inch = 0.52|Mar precipitation inch = 1.43|Apr precipitation inch = 2.58|May precipitation inch = 3.97|Jun precipitation inch = 4.63|Jul precipitation inch = 3.97|Aug precipitation inch = 4.10|Sep precipitation inch = 3.08|Oct precipitation inch = 2.47|Nov precipitation inch = 1.32|Dec precipitation inch = 0.65|year precipitation inch = 29.20|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in|Jan precipitation days = 4.0|Feb precipitation days = 4.3|Mar precipitation days = 7.1|Apr precipitation days = 10.6|May precipitation days = 12.7|Jun precipitation days = 13.0|Jul precipitation days = 9.9|Aug precipitation days = 10.0|Sep precipitation days = 9.6|Oct precipitation days = 9.2|Nov precipitation days = 6.2|Dec precipitation days = 4.9|year precipitation days = 101.5NOAAHTTPS://W2.WEATHER.GOV/CLIMATE/XMACIS.PHP?WFO=MPX PUBLISHER=NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ARCHIVE-DATE=AUGUST 17, 2021 URL-STATUS=LIVE, HTTPS://WWW.NCEI.NOAA.GOV/ACCESS/SERVICES/DATA/V1?DATASET=NORMALS-MONTHLY-1991-2020&STARTDATE=0001-01-01&ENDDATE=9996-12-31&STATIONS=USW00014927&FORMAT=PDF >TITLE=STATION: ST PAUL DOWNTOWN AP, MN PUBLISHER=NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ARCHIVE-DATE=JUNE 24, 2021 URL-STATUS=LIVE, ACCESS-DATE=JULY 28, 2008 DATE=AUGUST 2011 ARCHIVE-DATE=MAY 10, 2008, live, |date=August 2010}}{{Clear}}

Demographics

{{US Census population|1850= 1112|1860= 10401|1870= 20030|1880= 41473|1890= 133156|1900= 163065|1910= 214744|1920= 234698|1930= 271606|1940= 287736|1950= 311349|1960= 313411|1970= 309980|1980= 270230|1990= 272235|2000= 287151|2010= 285068|2020= 311527|estyear=2022|estimate=303176TITLE=CITY AND TOWN POPULATION TOTALS: 2020-2022ACCESSDATE=OCTOBER 12, 2023, AUTHOR=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU AUTHOR-LINK=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210321050514/HTTPS://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/PROGRAMS-SURVEYS/DECENNIAL-CENSUS.HTML PUBLISHER=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, March 7, 2022, }}{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"! Demographic profile !! 2020WEB,weblink US Census Bureau, 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171), February 12, 2022, February 12, 2022,weblink live, !!2010WEB,weblink St. Paul (city), Minnesota, State & County QuickFacts, U.S. Census Bureau, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080916024758weblink">weblink September 16, 2008, !! 2000WEB,weblink Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2000, United States Census Bureau, June 14, 2017, July 9, 2021,weblink live, !! 1990WEB, Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau,weblink April 20, 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120812191959weblink">weblink August 12, 2012, !! 1970Non-Hispanic whites>White (non-Hispanic) 48.8% 55.9% 64.0% 80.4% 93.6%From 15% sampleAsian American>Asian (non-Hispanic) 19.2% 14.9% 12.4% 7.1% 0.2%African American>Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 16.5% 15.3% 11.7% 7.4% 3.5%Hispanic and Latino Americans>Hispanic or Latino 9.7% 9.6% 7.9% 4.2% 2.1%(File:Ethnic Origins in St. Paul, MN.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in St. Paul)(File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Minneapolis (5560453662).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}})

2020 census

As of the census of 2020,WEB, 2020 Decennial Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota,weblink data.census.gov, U.S. Census Bureau, 1 January 2023, the population was 311,527. The population density was {{convert|5,994.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,451.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. In terms of race, the city's population was 50.5% White (21.1% German), 19.2% Asian (10.9% Hmong, 2.53% Burmese, 0.85% Vietnamese, 0.69% Chinese, 0.51% Indian), 16.8% Black or African American (1.7% Somali, 1.5% Ethiopian), 1.0% Native American, 4.8% from other races, and 7.6% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of the population (6.58% Mexican, 0.68% Salvadoran).WEB, The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas,weblink 2024-03-20, statisticalatlas.com, The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.WEB, Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: St. Paul city, Minnesota,weblink data.census.gov, U.S. Census Bureau, 1 January 2023, According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $59,717, and the median income for a family was $74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,186 versus $45,541 for female workers. The per capita income was $32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.WEB, Selected Economic Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota,weblink data.census.gov, U.S. Census Bureau, 1 January 2023, Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.WEB, Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: St. Paul city, Minnesota,weblink data.census.gov, U.S. Census Bureau, 1 January 2023,

2010 census

As of the 2010 census,WEB, U.S. Census website,weblink United States Census Bureau, November 13, 2012, July 9, 2021,weblink live, there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|5484.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2323.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

Ethnic history

The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the Hopewell tradition, who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now Indian Mounds Park). The next known inhabitants were the Mdewakanton Dakota in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the Ojibwe nation. The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.By 1800, French-Canadian explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders. Fort Snelling and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from New England and English, Irish, and Scottish immigrants, who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at Connemara Patch along the Mississippi, named for their home, Connemara, Ireland. The Irish became prolific in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of Swedish immigrants passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the territory. A large group settled in Swede Hollow, which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along Payne Avenue in the 1950s.WEB,weblink From Swede Hollow to Arlington Hills, From Snoose Boulevard to Minnehaha Parkway: Swedish Neighborhoods of the Twin Cities, 2001, David A., Lanegran, Macalester College, July 28, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080724113740weblink">weblink July 24, 2008, Of people who specified European ancestry in the 2005–07 American Community Survey of St. Paul, 26.4% were German, 13.8% Irish, 8.4% Norwegian, 7.0% Swedish, and 6.2% English. There is also a visible community of people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population.By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg), became home to Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian people who had left their war-torn country. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.WEB,weblink District 7: Thomas-Dale or Frogtown, Ramsey County Historical Society, 2005, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080411064558weblink">weblink April 11, 2008, NEWS,weblink November 29, 2004, Hmong get closer look since shootings, Tom, Kenworthy, USA Today, September 11, 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120630193716weblink">weblink June 30, 2012, live, WEB, Hmong Resettlement Revisited, Bridging Refugee Youth and Children's Services, June 2004,weblink November 4, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070823120646weblink">weblink August 23, 2007, mdy-all, Hmong Americans make up 11% of St. Paul's population as of 2021, and Saint Paul, as well as the Twin Cities area in general, is considered the center of Hmong culture in America. Hmongs are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of Frogtown, Payne-Phalen, Dayton's Bluff, the North End, and the Greater East Side, which are considered ethnic enclaves for Hmong Minnesotans, with a large number of businesses, organizations, and events catering to the Hmong population, such as the Hmongtown Marketplace in Frogtown.Other large Southeast Asian populations live in Saint Paul, particularly Burmese Americans of the Karen and Karenni ethnic group, who immigrated to the U.S. as refugees in the 2000s and 2010s due to internal conflict and discrimination in Myanmar. Minnesota is believed to have the largest population of Karen Americans, with a population of 12,000 in 2017,WEB, Homepage {{!, Literacy Minnesota |url=https://www.literacymn.org/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.literacymn.org |language=en}} who are mostly concentrated in Saint Paul. Burmese and Karen residents of Saint Paul make up 5.2% of the population in 2021, and are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of the North End, Payne-Phalen, and Frogtown.Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul since the 1930s; although Mexican populations exist throughout Saint Paul, by far the largest concentration of Mexican Americans is on St. Paul's West Side, where Mexicans form a plurality of the population; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.WEB, Saint Paul Ethnic Population Growth, City of Saint Paul,weblink November 6, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090116144505weblink">weblink January 16, 2009, NEWS, Bianca Vazquez, Toness, Mexican consulate opens in June, Minnesota Public Radio, May 24, 2005,weblink November 6, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060918174236weblink">weblink September 18, 2006, dead, Saint Paul also has a large population of Central Americans, particularly Salvadorans, throughout eastern St. Paul and the West Side.St. Paul has become home to a large number of Somalis and Ethiopians since the 1990s, largely as refugees fleeing conflict in their home regions. Somali and Ethiopian populations are largest in the neighborhoods of Summit-University and Frogtown, where there are many businesses and organizations for Somali and Ethiopian populations.African Americans in St. Paul initially entered through servitude to officers at Fort Snelling, marking a crucial point in their history. Despite the absence of legal slavery in Minnesota, Army officers were permitted to bring their enslaved individuals into the region.Tour | African American Heritage: Points of Entry Today, African Americans are one of the largest groups among Saint Paul's population; African Americans make up approximately 14% of Saint Paul's population, the second-largest background group, before Hmongs and after German-Americans. The city's African American residents are concentrated in its central and eastern neighborhoods.Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian, split between the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and significant populations of Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists.WEB, Ramsey County, Minnesota,weblink Religious Congregations and Membership in the United States, 2000, Association of Religion Data Archives, December 21, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101205193048weblink">weblink December 5, 2010, dead, The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large Wiccan population.NEWS, Gihring, Tim, Welcome to Paganistan, Minnesota Monthly, May 23, 2011, April 2009,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110908075718weblink">weblink September 8, 2011, dead,

Economy

File:MN Ford plant.jpg|thumb|The Ford Motor Company's Twin Cities Assembly PlantTwin Cities Assembly PlantThe Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in the private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs.WEB, Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, August 26, 2008,weblink$3F$3F$3, August 26, 2008, March 10, 2022,weblink live, This data may not be directly reproducible via this link. BLS.gov {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912103418weblink |date=September 12, 2008 }}, Select "27 Minnesota" and "33460 Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI" and all subsectors.Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Ecolab, a chemical and cleaning product companyNEWS, Orrick, Dave, Downtown goal: Fill storefronts — at least for now, St. Paul Pioneer Press, Pioneer Press, MediaNews Group, July 28, 2008,weblink July 30, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080803030400weblink">weblink August 3, 2008, live, that the Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees,NEWS, Johnson, Kim, Business Journal names Best Places to Work, Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal, American City Business Journals, August 20, 2008,weblink August 26, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090519190102weblink">weblink May 19, 2009, dead, and Securian Financial Group Inc. NEWS, Abbe, Mary, Same old struggles at the MMAA, Star Tribune, 3, Chris Harte, July 21, 2008,weblink July 21, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080918180413weblink">weblink September 18, 2008, The 3M Company moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased.The city was home to the Ford Motor Company's Twin Cities Assembly Plant, which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in Highland Park on the Mississippi River, adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River, which generates hydroelectric power.WEB, Lock and Dam 1, St. Paul District, US Army Corps of Engineers,weblink August 27, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081206183104weblink">weblink December 6, 2008, The site is being redeveloped into a mixed-used area called Highland Bridge which, when complete, will include 3,800 housing units, most opening in 2023.NEWS, Bloomquist, Madison, Big Picture: Highland Bridge,weblink March 5, 2023, Mpls. St. Paul, November 8, 2022,weblink December 3, 2022, Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing (TIF). In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St. Paul Saints stadium, and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line.NEWS,weblink Frederick Melo: You don't know TIF!, April 14, 2018, Twin Cities, April 15, 2018, en-US,weblink April 15, 2018, dead,

Housing

In November 2021, Saint Paul became the only Midwestern city to regulate rent increases when voters passed a rent control ordinance as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs.NEWS, Melo, Frederick, St. Paul City Council likely to prune rent-control ordinance next week,weblink St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 27, 2022, September 7, 2022, NEWS, Nesterak, Max, St. Paul City Council passes sweeping overhaul of rent control ordinance,weblink March 5, 2023, Minnesota Reformer, September 21, 2022, The law limited annual rent increases to three percent and prohibited higher increases after a tenant vacated a unit. In September 2022, the Saint Paul City Council voted to amend the law, allowing higher vacancy increases and exempting units built in the preceding or following 20 years from the increase cap.NEWS, Galioto, Katie, St. Paul leaders poised to limit controversial rent control policy,weblink Star Tribune, September 27, 2022, September 20, 2022, NEWS, Melo, Frederick, St. Paul City Council amends rent control, exempts new construction with 5-2 vote,weblink St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 27, 2022, September 21, 2022,

Culture

File:Comoplant.jpg|thumb|left|Como Park Zoo and ConservatoryComo Park Zoo and ConservatoryEvery January, Saint Paul hosts the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another Siberia". The organizers had a model in the Montreal Winter Carnival the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first.Ice Palaces in Montreal 1883-89, The Ice Cubicle, weblink {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014224040weblink|date=October 14, 2020}} The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an ice sculpting competition, a snow sculpting competition, a medallion treasure hunt, food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged.WEB,weblink History of the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, 2008, St Paul Winter Carnival, July 2, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080517155457weblink">weblink May 17, 2008, live, The Como Zoo and Conservatory and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic Landmark Center in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include Indian Mounds Park, Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, Highland Park, the Wabasha Street Caves, Lake Como, Lake Phalen, and Rice Park, as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River. The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park.The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights.Fort Snelling is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own unorganized territory. The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory (MSP included) has a St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code.File:Minnesota Centennial Showboat at night, October 2013.jpg|thumb|The Minnesota Centennial ShowboatMinnesota Centennial ShowboatSaint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960.WEB,weblink Harry F. Schroeder, Jr. The Kid After Whom Charles M. Schulz Named His Beethoven-Loving Character in His "Peanuts" Cartoon, 2006, Delehanty – Sullivan – Kinsman – Schroeder Family History Workspace, dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20120729224335weblink">weblink July 29, 2012, Schulz's Peanuts inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s.WEB,weblink PRnewswire.co.uk, Saint Paul kicks off encore to the successful 'Peanuts on Parade' summer art project, August 13, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120527095326weblink">weblink May 27, 2012, live, Other notable residents include writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson, who premiered many of the ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater.WEB, Prepared by Connie L. Cartledge, John Vachon: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress,weblink Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, 2006, October 10, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070930111256weblink">weblink September 30, 2007, The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant.WEB, Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, Ordway Center for the Performing Arts, 2006,weblink December 7, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061205151543weblink">weblink December 5, 2006, dead, RiverCentre, attached to Xcel Energy Center, serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential Artists' Quarter, first established in the 1970s in Whittier, Minneapolis, and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994.WEB, Berryman, Don, Artists' Quarter, Jazz Police, April 21, 2004,weblink July 30, 2008, dead,weblink July 5, 2008, Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and Willie Murphy are regulars. The Turf Club in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s.WEB, Gelhhar, Jenny, The Turf Club, Features, Saint Paul Almanac, 2007,weblink July 30, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090106085957weblink">weblink January 6, 2009, dead, Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble.WEB,weblink History of the Rose Ensemble, November 23, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081222021006weblink">weblink December 22, 2008, As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's.WEB, Belcamino, Kristi, O'Gara's Bar and Grill, a landmark St. Paul institution, won't reopen,weblink Twin Cities.com, November 4, 2019, St. Paul Pioneer Press, March 23, 2021, April 29, 2021,weblink live, The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra.WEB,weblink Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Three concerts, University of Chicago, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080531162446weblink">weblink May 31, 2008, The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration.WEB,weblink Minnesota Centennial Showboat!, July 3, 2008, University of Minnesota, July 29, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080625194024weblink">weblink June 25, 2008, dead, Saint Paul has a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design,WEB, Goldstein Museum of Design, College of Design, Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2008,weblink July 31, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080625032612weblink">weblink June 25, 2008, mdy-all, the Minnesota Children's Museum,WEB, Hours, Parking, and Directions, Visitor Information, Minnesota Children's Museum, 2010,weblink December 19, 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20101213150044weblink">weblink December 13, 2010, mdy-all, the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments,NEWS, Carlson's legacy: Schubert Club: Thanks to him, once-tiny arts group attracts top artists to Twin Cities, Pioneer Press, July 31, 2006,weblink registration required, July 31, 2008, Bao, Ong, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081231113528weblink">weblink December 31, 2008, WEB, Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments, The Schubert Club, 2008,weblink July 31, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080921232801weblink">weblink September 21, 2008, dead, the Minnesota Museum of American Art,NEWS, Wyant, Carissa, St. Paul art museum loses director; searches for new home, Minneapolis St. Paul Business Journal, American City Business Journals, Inc., July 26, 2008,weblink July 25, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080801202812weblink">weblink August 1, 2008, live, NEWS, Abbe, Mary, Same old struggles at the MMAA, Star Tribune, 1, Chris Harte, July 21, 2008,weblink July 21, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080918180413weblink">weblink September 18, 2008, the Traces Center for History and Culture,WEB, St. Paul Culture: Museums, M.R. Danielson Advertising Associates, 2002,weblink December 7, 2006,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071031042121weblink">weblink October 31, 2007, dead, mdy-all, the Minnesota History Center, the Alexander Ramsey House, the James J. Hill House, the Minnesota Transportation Museum, the Science Museum of Minnesota, and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum.

Sports

File:2006 WCHA Final Five.jpg|thumb|The Xcel Energy CenterXcel Energy CenterThe Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.MAGAZINE, Schulman, Andrew, St. Paul takes SI Sportstown Honors for the Land of 10,000 Lakes, Sports Illustrated,weblink October 30, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071007010753weblink">weblink October 7, 2007, live, Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The Minnesota Wild play their home games at downtown Saint Paul's Xcel Energy Center, which opened in 2000. The Wild brought the NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars left the state for Dallas, Texas. The World Hockey Association's Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U.S.A. in 2007.MAGAZINE,weblink December 4, 2007, In Search of... Hockeytown U.S.A, Michael, Farber, Sports Illustrated, August 5, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080511170659weblink">weblink May 11, 2008, live, The Xcel Energy Center, a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center. The Xcel Energy Center hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by ESPN.WEB, About Xcel Energy Center, Minnesota Twins,weblink October 30, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070812163117weblink">weblink August 12, 2007, dead, File:CJ silks August.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Two Circus Juventas students on silks ]]The St. Paul Saints are the city's Minor League Baseball team, which plays in the International League as an affiliate of the Minnesota Twins.WEB, Mayo, Jonathan, MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues,weblink Major League Baseball, February 12, 2021, February 12, 2021, March 6, 2021,weblink live, There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years. Founded in 1884, they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to Bloomington. The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the Northern League, moving to the American Association in 2006. They joined affiliated baseball in 2021. Their home games are played at the open-air CHS Field in downtown's Lowertown Historic District.WEB, St. Paul Baseball History, St. Paul Saints,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060717011141weblink">weblink dead, July 17, 2006, August 13, 2008, Four noted Major League All-Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul: Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield, Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor, Hall of Fame pitcher Jack Morris, and Hall of Fame catcher and first baseman Joe Mauer, all of whom played for the Minnesota Twins during their careers. The all-black St. Paul Colored Gophers played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911.WEB, Sheldon, Mark, Colored Gophers made history, MLB.com, February 7, 2003,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080117045528weblink">weblink dead, January 17, 2008, October 30, 2007, The St. Paul Twin Stars of the National Premier Soccer League play their home games at Macalester Stadium.WEB, About Us, St. Paul Twin Stars,weblink December 19, 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140712085512weblink">weblink July 12, 2014, St. Paul's first curling club was founded in 1888. The current club, the St. Paul Curling Club, was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.WEB, About the St. Paul Curling Club, Saint Paul Curling Club,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070216100123weblink">weblink February 16, 2007, mdy-all, Minnesota Roller Derby is a flat-track roller derby league based in the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, made up of women and gender expansive athletes. Minnesota's oldest athletic organization, the Minnesota Boat Club, resides in the Mississippi River on Raspberry Island.WEB, Minnesota Boat Club,weblink August 28, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080511163726weblink">weblink May 11, 2008, dead, Saint Paul is also home to Circus Juventas, the largest circus arts school in North America.NEWS, Pioneer Press staff, Tickets for Circus Juventas summer show announced,weblink October 4, 2014, St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 19, 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160115212408weblink">weblink January 15, 2016, live, On March 25, 2015, Major League Soccer announced that it had awarded its 23rd MLS franchise to Minnesota United FC, a team from the lower-level North American Soccer League. Bill McGuire and his ownership group, which includes Jim Pohlad of the Minnesota Twins, Glen Taylor of the Minnesota Timberwolves, former Minnesota Wild investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company, had intended to build a privately financed soccer-specific stadium in Downtown Minneapolis near the Minneapolis Farmer's Market. But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor Betsy Hodges, who said her city was suffering from "stadium fatigue" after building three stadiums for the Minnesota Twins, Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Golden Gophers, within a six-year span.WEB,weblink MLS fight won, Minnesota United still going through 'process' of financing facility, Phil, Ervin, May 19, 2015, October 24, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151211122253weblink">weblink December 11, 2015, live, On July 1, 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis, McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul.WEB,weblink MLS Turns to St. Paul After United FC Misses Stadium Deadline for Expansion Rights, Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal, October 24, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150705202609weblink">weblink July 5, 2015, live, On October 23, 2015, Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced that a privately financed soccer-specific stadium would be built on the vacant Metro Transit bus barn site in Saint Paul's Midway neighborhood near the intersection of Snelling Avenue and University Avenue. It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis. The stadium, Allianz Field, opened in April 2019 and seats 19,400.WEB,weblinkweblink dead, July 12, 2017, Fast Facts, mnufc.com, The team began playing in the MLS in 2017.WEB,weblink Look: Minnesota United plays first MLS home match in the pouring snow, Roger, Gonzalez, March 12, 2017, September 5, 2018,weblink September 5, 2018, live, The Minnesota Whitecaps began play in the Western Women's Hockey League in 2004 before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. In 2018, the Whitecaps joined the Premier Hockey Federation (then the National Women's Hockey League) as its fifth franchise.WEB,weblink MN Whitecaps join National Women's Hockey League, Dana, Thiede, May 15, 2018, kare11.com, September 5, 2018, March 10, 2022,weblink live, WEB, Wawrow, John, September 7, 2021, NWHL Rebrands to 'Premier Hockey Federation' to Promote Inclusivity, Inspire Youth,weblink live,weblink October 20, 2021, November 9, 2021, WNBC, The team won the Isobel Cup in its first season in the new league.NEWS, Mizutani, Dane, 2019-03-17, Minnesota Whitecaps capture Isobel Cup championship in inaugural NWHL season,weblink live,weblink 2020-03-05, 2024-01-06, Pioneer Press (Saint Paul), Pioneer Press, In the summer of 2023, the PHF ceased operations as part of the launch of a new, unified professional women's league, the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL).NEWS, Wyshynski, Greg, 2023-06-29, Sources: Premier Hockey Federation sale could unite women's hockey,weblink live,weblink 2023-06-30, 2024-01-06, ESPN, Minnesota was awarded one of the six charter franchises in the new league, and it was announced that the new team would play its home games at the Xcel Energy Center.NEWS, 2023-08-29, PWHL unveils locations of first six teams, player selection process,weblink live,weblink 2023-08-30, 2024-01-06, Sportsnet, Associated Press, AP, NEWS, Kennedy, Ian, 2023-11-28, PWHL Officially Announces Venues,weblink live,weblink 2023-11-29, 2024-01-06, The Hockey News, The Timberwolves, Twins, Vikings, and Lynx all play in Minneapolis.WEB, Professional Sports,weblink Meet Minneapolis, February 14, 2011, 2011, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081201153832weblink">weblink December 1, 2008, {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"|+ Professional sports in Saint Paul! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue (capacity) !! ChampionshipsMinnesota Wild >Ice hockey >National Hockey League >Xcel Energy Center (17,954) >|—PWHL Minnesota>Ice hockey >Professional Women's Hockey League>| —Minnesota United FC (MLS)>Minnesota United FC Soccer Major League Soccer Allianz Field (19,400) North American Soccer League (2011–2017): 2011HTTP://WWW.INSIDEMNSOCCER.COM/2011/10/30/NSC-MINNESOTA-STARS-WIN-THE-2011-NASL-CHAMPIONSHIP/ FIRST=BRIAN DATE=OCTOBER 30, 2011 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20151211014110/HTTP://WWW.INSIDEMNSOCCER.COM/2011/10/30/NSC-MINNESOTA-STARS-WIN-THE-2011-NASL-CHAMPIONSHIP/ URL-STATUS=DEAD, and 2014HTTPS://WWW.GOAL.COM/EN-US/NEWS/6105/NORTH-AMERICAN-SOCCER-LEAGUE/2014/06/08/4868343/MINNESOTA-UNITED-CROWNED-2014-NASL-SPRING-CHAMPION >TITLE=MINNESOTA UNITED CROWNED 2014 NASL SPRING CHAMPION ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190401070002/HTTPS://WWW.GOAL.COM/EN-US/NEWS/6105/NORTH-AMERICAN-SOCCER-LEAGUE/2014/06/08/4868343/MINNESOTA-UNITED-CROWNED-2014-NASL-SPRING-CHAMPION URL-STATUS=LIVE, Minnesota Wind Chill >Ultimate (sport)>Ultimate American Ultimate Disc League Sea Foam Stadium (3,500) —St. Paul Saints >Baseball >International League >CHS Field (7,210) >Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)>NL: 1993, 1995, 1996, and 2004AA: 2019

Government and politics

Saint Paul has a variant of the strong mayor–council form of government.WEB,weblink Description of Saint Paul's Form of Government, November 10, 2007, City of Saint Paul, 2008 Mayor's Proposed Budget, pdf, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081211013246weblink">weblink December 11, 2008, The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer of the city and the seven-member city council is its legislative body.WEB,weblink Sec. 2.01. Chief executive, November 10, 2007, City of Saint Paul, Administrative Code, {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20121214074428weblink">weblink dead, December 14, 2012, Sec. 4.01. Legislative power, November 11, 2007, City of Saint Paul, Saint Paul City Charter, The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20121214100233weblink">weblink dead, December 14, 2012, Sec. 2.01. Elective officials, November 11, 2007, City of Saint Paul, Saint Paul City Charter, WEB,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20121214074428weblink">weblink dead, December 14, 2012, Sec. 4.01.2. Initial districts, November 10, 2007, City of Saint Paul, Saint Paul City Charter, The first female councilor, Elizabeth DeCourcy, was elected in 1956.WEB, Galioto, Katie, Boone, Anna, Steinberg, Jake, 8 January 2024, St. Paul will swear in its first all-female City Council on Tuesday. How did we get here?,weblink 2024-01-08, Star Tribune, Municipal elections in Saint Paul use ranked choice voting.WEB, 2015-06-10, Ranked Voting,weblink 2023-09-13, Ramsey County, English, Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.WEB,weblink Sec. 2.02. Terms, November 10, 2007, City of Saint Paul, Saint Paul City Charter, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030217103345weblink">weblink February 17, 2003, The current mayor is Melvin Carter (DFL), Saint Paul's first African-American mayor. Aside from Norm Coleman, who became a Republican during his second term, Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952.WEB,weblink Twin Cities Mayoral Historical Overview, January 1, 2008, Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Eric J., Ostermeier, Center for the Study of Politics and Governance, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080625180938weblink">weblink June 25, 2008, As of 2024, following the 2023 elections, all seven city councilors are women, making Saint Paul potentially the largest city in American history with an all-female legislative body.File:Saint Paul City Hall.jpg|thumb|upright|Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County CourthouseSaint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County CourthouseThe city is also the county seat of Ramsey County, named for Alexander Ramsey, the state's first governor. The county once spanned much of the present-day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city. Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated. Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota; the seven-member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall/county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts.WEB,weblink Ramsey County Home Rule Charter, Ramsey County, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081018202430weblink">weblink October 18, 2008, WEB,weblink Ramsey County Building Locations, 2008, Ramsey County, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081221131900weblink">weblink December 21, 2008, The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff's office.

State and federal

{{See also|Minnesota Legislature|Politics of Minnesota#Federal representation}}(File:2020 United States Presidential Election in St. Paul, Minnesota.svg|thumb|2020 Presidential Election by Precinct Biden: {{legend0|#86b6f2ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#4389e3ff|60–70%}} {{legend0|#1666cbff|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0645b4ff|80–90%}})Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident Cass Gilbert, and the House and Senate office buildings. The Minnesota Governor's Residence, which is used for some state functions, is on Summit Avenue. The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (affiliated with the Democratic Party) is headquartered in Saint Paul. Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts (64, 65, 66 and 67) and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts (64A, 64B, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B, 67A and 67B), all of which are held by Democrats.WEB, Minnesota Senate Maps & Data, Geographic Information Services, Minnesota State Legislature, 2007,weblink July 24, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080916201446weblink">weblink September 16, 2008, dead, WEB, Minnesota House Maps & Data, Geographic Information Services, Minnesota State Legislature, 2007,weblink July 24, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080916201441weblink">weblink September 16, 2008, dead, Saint Paul is the heart of Minnesota's 4th congressional district, represented by Democrat Betty McCollum. The district has been in DFL hands without interruption since 1949. Minnesota is represented in the U.S. Senate by Democrat Amy Klobuchar, a former Hennepin County Attorney, and Democrat Tina Smith, a former lieutenant governor of Minnesota.{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;"! colspan="26"|Minnesota House and Senate districts! ! colspan="4" |Senate! ! colspan="4" |House!! Name! First elected! Party!! Name! First elected! Party! rowspan="2"| 64 Erin Murphy 2020 DFL! 64A| Kaohly Her| 2018| DFL! 64B| Dave Pinto| 2014| DFL! rowspan="2"| 65 Sandy Pappas 1990 DFL! 65A| Rena Moran| 2010| DFL! 65B| Carlos Mariani| 1990| DFL! rowspan="2"| 66 John Marty* 1992 DFL! 66A| John Lesch| 2002| DFL! 66B| Alice Hausman*| 1989| DFL! rowspan="2"| 67 Foung Hawj 2012 DFL! 67ATim Mahoney (Minnesota politician)>Tim Mahoney| 1998| DFL! 67B| Jay Xiong| 2018| DFL

• District also includes Falcon Heights, Lauderdale and Roseville.

Education

File:St. Paul neighborhood- Summit-University.jpg|thumb|left|Barack and Michelle ObamaMichelle ObamaSaint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita, behind Boston.NEWS, El Nasser, Haya, Most livable? Depends on your definition, USA TODAY, April 11, 2004,weblink October 16, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071015014745weblink">weblink October 15, 2007, live, Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include the Saint Catherine University, Concordia University, Hamline University, Macalester College, and the University of St. Thomas. Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College, which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as a law school, Mitchell Hamline School of Law.WEB, Minnesota Department of Education, Post-Secondary Schools,weblink 2005, March 24, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20061212044815weblink">weblink December 12, 2006, The Saint Paul Public Schools district is the state's largest school district and serves approximately 39,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 90 different languages, although only five languages are used for most school communication: English, Spanish, Hmong, Karen, and Somali. The district runs 82 different schools, including 52 elementary schools, 12 middle schools, seven high schools, ten alternative schools, and one special education school, employing over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs, and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.WEB, About Us, Saint Paul Public Schools,weblink June 8, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070604155234weblink">weblink June 4, 2007, Saint Paul Public Schools, Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.WEB,weblink Open Enrollment, Minnesota Department of Education, November 19, 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100826062337weblink">weblink August 26, 2010, A variety of K-12 private, parochial, and public charter schools are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.WEB, Charter School Facts, MN Association of Charter Schools,weblink November 6, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071024195329weblink">weblink October 24, 2007, Saint Paul is home to 21 charter schools and 38 private schools.WEB, Minnesota Department of Education, Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools,weblink 2005, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070818090501weblink">weblink August 18, 2007, and WEB, Charter Schools,weblink 2005, June 8, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070601215335weblink">weblink June 1, 2007, The Saint Paul Public Library system includes a central library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile.WEB, Find a Location,weblink Saint Paul Public Library, November 5, 2021, 2021, November 5, 2021,weblink live,

Media

(File:Minnesota Public Radio Ticker Saint Paul 15188440793 e36b211583 o.jpg|thumb|Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul)Saint Paul residents can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from Saint Paul. One newspaper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city. Several media outlets based in Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the Star Tribune.Saint Paul is home to two national broadcast companies. Hubbard Broadcasting is headquartered on the line between Saint Paul and Minneapolis on University Avenue.Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a three-format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stationsWEB,weblink Stations, 2008, Minnesota Public Radio, August 27, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080918201456weblink">weblink September 18, 2008, live, around the Midwest. It delivers local news and information, classical, and The Current (which plays a wide variety of music). The station has 110,000 regional members and more than 1 million listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.WEB,weblink Company Information, 2008, Minnesota Public Radio, August 27, 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080918172247weblink">weblink September 18, 2008, dead, Its parent company, American Public Media Group, creates and distributes programming that reaches millions listeners, most notably Marketplace, hosted by Kai Ryssdal.

Transportation

Interstate and roadways

{{col-begin}}{{col-break|width=20%}}Interstate Highways(File:I-35E.svg|25px) Interstate 35E(File:I-94 (MN).svg|25px) Interstate 94{{col-break|width=15%}}US Highways(File:US 10.svg|25px) US 10(File:US 52.svg|25px) US 52(File:US 61.svg|25px) US 61{{col-break|width=65%}}Minnesota Highways(File:MN-5.svg|25px) Highway 5(File:MN-51.svg|25px) Highway 51(File:MN-280 wide.svg|25px) Highway 280{{col-end}}{{Clear|right}}(File:Saint Paul-2005-10-27.jpg|thumb|I-94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west)Residents use Interstate 35E running north–south and Interstate 94 running east–west. Trunk highways include U.S. Highway 52, Minnesota State Highway 280, and Minnesota State Highway 5. Saint Paul has several unique roads, such as Ayd Mill Road, Phalen Boulevard, and Shepard Road/Warner Road, that diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city. Biking is also gaining popularity, due to the creation of more paved bike lanes that connect to other bike routes throughout the metropolitan areaWEB, Bike-n-Ride by bus, Metro Transit,weblink September 20, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070820225846weblink">weblink August 20, 2007, and the creation of Nice Ride Minnesota, a seasonally operated nonprofit bicycle sharing and rental system that has over 1,550 bicycles and 170 stations in both Minneapolis and Saint Paul.WEB,weblink Nice Ride Minnesota: Ambitious plans set for 2014 season, Star Tribune, November 16, 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131031092913weblink">weblink October 31, 2013, dead, Downtown Saint Paul has a five-mile (8 km) enclosed skyway system over 25 city blocks.WEB, Gill, N.S., About, Inc., The New York Times Company, About.com, Skyways: Downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul Skyways,weblink March 15, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131105064423weblink">weblink November 5, 2013, dead, The {{convert|563|mi|km|adj=on}} Avenue of the Saints connects Saint Paul with St. Louis, Missouri.The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. While he was Governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman,WEB, Khoo, Michael, The days of Jesse, Minnesota Public Radio, December 15, 2002,weblink September 16, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120812220137weblink">weblink August 12, 2012, live, and remarked that the streets were designed by "drunken Irishmen".NEWS, Gov. Ventura Stumbles, New York Times, February 6, 1999,weblink September 16, 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100607123502weblink">weblink June 7, 2010, live, He later apologized, though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point. Some of the city's road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.BOOK, L. Empson, Donald, The Street Where You Live, 2006, University of Minnesota Press, 978-0-8166-4729-3, 17,weblink

Mass transit

(File:St. Paul Metro Green Line with MN State Capitol.jpg|thumb|right|The Metro Green Line serves Saint Paul.|alt=A three-car light rail at a station; the state capitol building is in the background.)Metro Transit provides bus service and light rail in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. The METRO Green Line is an {{convert|11|mi|km|0|adj=on}} light rail line that connects downtown Saint Paul to downtown Minneapolis with 14 stations in Saint Paul. The Green Line runs west along University Avenue, through the University of Minnesota campus, until it links up and then shares stations with the METRO Blue Line in downtown Minneapolis. Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014.WEB, Metropolitan Council, Central Corridor next steps and timeline, April 2, 2007,weblink April 11, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060929121120weblink">weblink September 29, 2006, WEB,weblink Talking Points: Green Line Opening Hailed A Big Success, Esme, Murphy, June 17, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141022090528weblink">weblink October 22, 2014, dead, The Green Line averaged 42,500 rides per weekday in 2018.NEWS, Kerr, Drew, Light rail, Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records,weblink February 18, 2022, Metro Transit, February 11, 2019, May 24, 2020,weblink live, Planning is underway for the Riverview Corridor, a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America.NEWS, Moore, Janet, Early plans for streetcar route under Historic Fort Snelling raise concerns,weblink February 18, 2022, Star Tribune, October 30, 2018, February 18, 2022,weblink live, The METRO A Line opened in 2016 as Minneapolis–Saint Paul's first arterial bus rapid transit line. The A Line connects the Blue Line at 46th Street station to Rosedale Center with a connection at the Green Line Snelling Avenue station.WEB,weblink A-Line, August 25, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150821001241weblink">weblink August 21, 2015, live, Future METRO lines are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the B Line and E Line Line running primarily on arterial streets, and the Gold Line and Purple Line running primarily in their own right of way.WEB, Metro Network - Metro Transit,weblink www.metrotransit.org, Metro Transit, February 18, 2022, February 18, 2022,weblink live, NEWS, Melo, Frederick, Metro Transit seeks public feedback on B Line from downtown St. Paul to Uptown Minneapolis,weblink February 18, 2022, Twin Cities, July 27, 2021, February 18, 2022,weblink live,

Railroad

Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated Saint Paul Union Depot.WEB, Amtrak, St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN (MSP),weblink April 26, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070404195900weblink">weblink April 4, 2007, mdy-all, Ridership on the train increased about 6% from 2005 to over 505,000 in fiscal year 2007.NEWS, Sommerhauser, Mark, Mayors claim more riders should spur more service on Amtrak line, Winona Daily News, The Winona Daily News, Lee Enterprises, July 24, 2008,weblink July 25, 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080801220458weblink">weblink August 1, 2008, mdy-all, A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable, especially if it originates in Saint Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder.NEWS,weblink Additional Twin Cities-Chicago rail service viable, study finds, Janet, Moore, Star Tribune, September 23, 2018, November 23, 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181124003724weblink">weblink November 24, 2018, dead, Saint Paul is the site of the Pig's Eye Yard, a major freight classification yard for Canadian Pacific Railway.BOOK, Rhodes, Michael, North American Railyards, MBI Publishing Company, 2003, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 128, 978-0-7603-1578-1, As of 2003, the yard handled over 1,000 freight cars per day. Both Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe run trains through the yard, though they are not classified at Pig's Eye. Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis, which handles about 600 cars per day.BOOK, Rhodes, Michael, North American Railyards, MBI Publishing Company, 2003, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 16, 978-0-7603-1578-1, There are several other small yards around the city.(File:20080312-StPaulDowntownAirport.jpg|thumb|Saint Paul Downtown Airport (Holman Field))

Airports

Holman Airfield is across the river from downtown Saint Paul. Lamprey Lake was there until the Army Corps of Engineers filled it with dredgings starting in the early 1920s. Northwest Airlines began initial operations from Holman in 1926. During WWII Northwest had a contract to install upgraded radar systems in B-24s, employing 5,000 at the airfield. After WWII, Holman Airfield competed with the Speedway Field for the Twin Cities' growing aviation industry and lost out in the end. Today Holman is a reliever airport run by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. It is home to Minnesota's Air National Guard and a flight training school and is tailored to local corporate aviation. There are three runways, with the Holman Field Administration Building and Riverside Hangar on the National Register of Historic Places.WEB,weblink St. Paul Downtown Airport, November 19, 2007, Metropolitan Airports Commission, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927014840weblink">weblink September 27, 2007, The original Northwest Airlines building's historical importance was realized only after demolition commenced.For the most part Saint Paul's aviation needs are served by the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport (MSP), which sits on {{convert|2,930|acre|km2}} in the Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory bordering the city to the southwest. MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlinesWEB, Airlines, MSP Airport (mspairport.com),weblink June 17, 2021,weblink June 4, 2021, and is the hub of Delta Air Lines and Sun Country Airlines.WEB, Air Line Pilots Association, Pilot Groups,weblink March 15, 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070709065118weblink">weblink July 9, 2007,

Sister cities

Saint Paul's sister cities are:WEB, Sister Cities and States of Minnesota,weblink mn.gov, Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development, October 13, 2020, May 16, 2019,weblink live, WEB, St. Paul adds new sister city, Mogadishu. About a dozen others have that designation,weblink twincities.com, Twin Cities Pioneer Press, May 10, 2019, October 13, 2020, October 12, 2020,weblink live, {{Div col|colwidth=25em}}

• {{flagicon|CHN}} Changsha, China
• {{flagicon|SLV}} Ciudad Romero, El Salvador
• {{flagicon|MEX}} Culiacán, Mexico
• {{flagicon|DJI}} Djibouti City, Djibouti
• {{flagicon|RSA}} George, South Africa
• {{flagicon|MEX}} Manzanillo, Mexico
• {{flagicon|ITA}} Modena, Italy
• {{flagicon|SOM}} Mogadishu, Somalia
• {{flagicon|JPN}} Nagasaki, Japan (from 1955 – the oldest sister city in Japan)
• {{flagicon|GER}} Neuss, Germany
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Novosibirsk, Russia
• {{flagicon|ISR}} Tiberias, Israel

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Notable people

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• Walter Abel (1898–1987), actor
• Loni Anderson (born 1946), actress
• Louie Anderson (1953–2022), comedian
• Wendell Anderson (1933–2016), U.S. senator
• Richard Arlen (1899–1976), actor
• Merrill Ashley (born 1950), ballet dancer and répétiteur
• Roger Awsumb (1928–2002), TV show host "Casey Jones"
• Azayamankawin ({{circa|1803}}–{{circa|1873}}), canoe ferry operator and entrepreneur known as "Old Bets"
• Tony L. Bennett (1940–2022), Minnesota state legislator and police officer
• Harry Blackmun (1908–1999), U.S. Supreme Court associate justice, grew up in St. Paul
• Justin Braun (born 1987), hockey player
• Herb Brooks (1937–2003), hockey coach
• Warren E. Burger (1907–1995), U.S. Supreme Court chief justice
• Charles Burlingame (1949–2001), pilot of American Airlines Flight 77
• Margaret Mary Byrne (born 1949), Minnesota state legislator
• John T. Clawson (1945–2011), Minnesota state legislator and Lutheran minister
• Melva Clemaire (1874–1937), soprano
• Laura Coates, attorney and media personality
• Nia Coffey (born 1995), WNBA player
• Francis Roach Delano (1823–1887), state legislator
• Kevin Eakin (born 1981), NFL player
• Sarah K. England, physiologist and biophysicist
• Eyedea (1981–2010), rap artist
• Robert J. Ferderer (1934–2009), politician and businessman
• F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940), author
• Daniel W. Hand (1869–1945), U.S. Army brigadier generalNEWS, October 13, 1945, Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand,weblink Army and Navy Journal, Washington, DC, Army and Navy Journal, Inc., 250, Newspapers.com, {{sfnRef, "Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand", }}
• Josh Hartnett (born 1978), actor
• Andrew Osborne Hayfield (1905–1981), businessman and state legislator
• Mitch Hedberg (1968–2005), comedian
• James J. Hill (1838–1916), railroad tycoon
• Paul Holmgren (born 1955), NHL player, general manager, president of Philadelphia Flyers
• Nellie A. Hope (1864–1918), violinist, music teacher, orchestra conductor
• JoAnna James (born 1980), singer/songwriter
• Nick Jensen (born 1990), NHL player
• Timothy M. Kaine (born 1958), U.S. senator, governor of Virginia
• Rachel Keller (born 1992), actress
• Allan Kingdom (born 1993), rap artist
• Norman Kittson (1814–1888), fur trader integral to Saint Paul's foundation
• Dick Kostohryz (1930–1994), Minnesota state legislator
• Jim Lange (1932–2014), TV presenter, game show host, and disc jockey
• Sunisa Lee (born 2003), Olympic gymnast and gold medalist
• Tony Levine (born 1972), football coach
• Joe Mauer (born 1983), MLB player
• Ryan McDonagh (born 1989), NHL player
• Robert O. McEachern (1927–2008), teacher and state legislator
• Margaret Bischell McFadden, philanthropist and social worker
• Edwin H. Meihofer (1907–2003), labor union activist and state representative
• K'Andre Miller (born 2000), NHL player
• Kate Millett (1934–2017), scholar, author
• Paul Molitor (born 1956), MLB player
• Jack Morris (born 1955), MLB player
• LeRoy Neiman (1921–2012), artist
• Kyle Okposo (born 1988), NHL player
• Sally Olsen (1934–2022), state legislator
• Bruce Olson (born 1941), missionary
• Howard Orenstein (born 1955), state representative
• Tim Pawlenty (born 1960), governor of Minnesota
• Alfred E. Perlman (1902–1983), president of New York Central Railroad and its successor, Penn Central
• Dave Peterson (1931–1997), teacher and coach of the United States men's national ice hockey teamNEWS, 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics: Steady as he goes, this isn't the Dave Peterson show, Weiner, Jay, February 7, 1988, Star Tribune, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1P,weblink ; NEWS, Peterson (continued), Weiner, Jay, February 7, 1988, Star Tribune, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 10P,weblink
• Emily Rudd (born 1993), actress
• Charles M. Schulz (1922–2000), cartoonist, born in Minneapolis, grew up in St. Paul
• Ervin Harold Schulz (1911–1978), newspaper editor, state representative, grew up in Saint Paul
• Meta Schumann (1887–1937), composer
• Joe Shiely Sr (1885–1972), civic leader and industrialist
• Chad Smith (born 1961), drummer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers since 1988, born in Saint Paul
• William Smith (1831–1912), paymaster-general of the United States Army, worked in and retired to St. PaulBOOK, Marquis, Albert N., Albert Nelson Marquis, 1911, Who's Who In America, VI,weblink Chicago, IL, A. N. Marquis, 1785, Google Books,
• Terrell Suggs, NFL player
• W.A. Swanberg (1907–1992), biographer
• Frances Tarbox (1874–1959), composer
• Fred Tschida (born 1949), artist, born in Saint Paul
• Lindsey Vonn (born 1984), Olympic skier and gold medalist
• DeWitt Wallace (1889–1981), magazine publisher and co-founder of Reader's Digest
• Dave Winfield (born 1951), MLB player

Medal of Honor recipients:

• Civil War: Private Marshall Sherman, Co C 1st Minnesota captured the flag of the 28th Virginia Infantry at Gettysburg
• Indian Wars: Pvt. John Tracy G Co. 8th Cavalry Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, Apache War
• Indian Wars: Charles H. Welch, I Co. 9th Cavalry (Buffalo soldiers) Ghost Dance War
• Spanish-American War: Captain Jesse Dyer USMC, Vera Cruz, Mexico
• World War II: Captain Richard Fleming USMC VMA-241 Squadron, for whom Fleming Field is named
• Korean War: Lt. Colonel John Page, U.S. Army, Battle of Chosin Reservoir

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See also

• Minneapolis–Saint Paul
• USS Saint Paul, 5 ships (including 2 as Minneapolis-Saint Paul)

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{sister project links|Saint Paul, Minnesota|wikt=Saint Paul|c=Category:Saint Paul, Minnesota|voy=Saint Paul|d=Q28848}}

• {{Official websiteweblink}}
• Official Tourism site
• Lowertown: The Rise of an Urban Village – Documentary produced by Twin Cities PBS

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