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{{Short description|none}}{{pp-pc}}This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.This list is divided into two parts:

• Cognomens: Also called cognomina. These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles. Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, and "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
• Sobriquets: Names which have become identified with a particular person, and are recognizable when used instead of the personal name. Some are used only in a particular context: for example, "Grandmother of Europe" for Queen Victoria is generally only used when referring to her family links throughout the royal families of Europe. On the other hand, in some cases the nickname supersedes the personal name, and the individual is referred to by this nickname even in scholarly works: for example, Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is universally known by his nickname, Caligula.

Notes:

• Nicknames are listed in each section alphabetically, ignoring articles and prepositions.
• Non-English words are rendered in italics, and translated where possible.
• When the name and nickname are rendered in a non-English language, the nickname will be in boldface italics.

{{TOC limit|2}}

Cognomen

A swung dash, or tilde (~), is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed", followed by entries about Sviatopolk, Alexander and Tekle Haymanot, means "Sviatopolk the Accursed", "Alexander the Accursed" and "Tekle Haymanot the Accursed".{{Compact TOC|side=yes}}

A

• "~ the Abandoned": John I of Aragon (; also known as John the Hunter or John the Lover of Elegance)NEWS, Mor el comte-rei Joan "el descurat",weblink 2021-12-12, ElNacional.cat, 19 May 2019, ca,
• "~ the Absolutist/the Absolute-King: Miguel I of Portugal ()WEB, Carlos Blanco (1780–1846) – Miguel I, King of Portugal (1802–1866),weblink 2021-11-08, www.rct.uk, en,
• "~ the Accursed":
  • Sviatopolk I of Kiev ()WEB, Zhukovsky, A., Sviatopolk I,weblink www.encyclopediaofukraine.com, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 29 December 2018, Encyclopedia of Ukraine – Sviatopolk I,
  • Iskander the Accursed (Middle Persian: Gizistag Aleksandar; more commonly known as Alexander the Great)BOOK, Cawthorne, Nigel,weblink Alexander the Great by Nigel Cawthorne, 2004, Haus, 9781904341567, 2009-11-09,
  • Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia ( irgum tekle hāymānōt)WEB, Enderassie, Negussenegest and Prime Minister, President {{!, Ethiopian Review - Ethiopian News |url=https://www.ethiopianreview.com/index/391 |access-date=2024-04-03 |language=en-US}}
• "~ the Adopted": Childebert of Austrasia ()BOOK, Ian Wood, Corradini, Richard, Diesenberger, Maximilian, Reimitz, Helmut, The Construction of Communities in the Early Middle Ages, 31 October 2002, BRILL, 161,weblink 29 December 2018, The Construction of Communities in the Early Middle Ages, Deconstructing the Merovingian Family, 9004118624,
• "~ (the) Ætheling":{{Efn|Old English for "Princeling"}} Edgar Ætheling of England ()ODNB, 8465, Edgar Ætheling,
• "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France ()JOURNAL, Artinian, Artine, A Reference Chronology of French History, The Modern Language Journal, April 1939, 23, 7, 524, 10.2307/317108, 317108,
• "~ the African":
  • Scipio the African (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus).Polybius (2nd cent. BC), Histories, 16.23.5. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W.R. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press — via Lacus Curtius.
  • Afonso V of Portugal ()WEB, Biography of King of Portugal Alfonso V (1432-1481),weblink dead, 2021-11-08, thebiography.us, en, 2021-11-09,weblink {{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ().|date=October 2022}}
  • Alfonso XIII of Spain ()
• "~ the Aggressor": Indulf of Alba ()WEB, Dunbar Royal Lineage,weblink 2021-11-08, Dunbar DNA Project, en,
• "~ the Alchemist": John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ()WEB, Johann IV. "der Alchimist" – Markgraf von Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927022119weblink">weblink 2007-09-27, 9 November 2021,
• "~ Albanian-slayer": Thomas of Epirus (, {{transliteration|el|Thomás Albanitóktonos}})WEB, Despotate of Epirus,weblink 2021-11-08, World History Encyclopedia, en,
• "~ All-fair": Eadwig of EnglandWEB, Discover King Eadwig the All-Fair – DiscoverMiddleAges,weblink 2021-11-08, Discover Middle Ages, en-GB,
• "~ the Apostate": Julian, Roman Emperor ()BOOK,weblink A Companion to Julian the Apostate, 2020-01-20, Brill, 978-90-04-41631-4, en,
• "~ the Arab": Philip I, Roman Emperor ()"Philippus Arabs" in Historia Augusta "The Three Gordians" ch. 29; "Marcus Iulius Philippus Arabs" in Sextus Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus ch. 28
• "~ the Artist-King": Ferdinand II of Portugal ()WEB, 2020-11-30, D. Fernando II, o rei artista que preferia a cultura à política {{!, ncultura|url=https://ncultura.pt/d-fernando-ii-o-rei-artista-que-preferia-a-cultura-a-politica/|access-date=2021-11-08|website=ncultura.pt|language=pt-PT}}
• "~ the Asleep": Sebastian of Portugal (){{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
• "~ the Astrologer": Alfonso X of Castile (; more commonly known as Afonso the Wise)JOURNAL, Solalinde, Antonio G., Alfonso X, astrólogo, es, Revista de Filología Española, 13, 4, 1 January 1926, 350–356, {{ProQuest, 1299268818, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4YMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA350 }}
• "~ the Avenger": Alfonso XI of Castile (; also known as Afonso the Just)WEB, Alfonso XI {{!, Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6406/alfonso-xi|access-date=2021-11-09|website=dbe.rah.es}}

B

• "~ the Bad":
  • Alexander III of Wallachia (Romanian: Alexandru cel Rău)BOOK, Giurescu, Constantin C., The History of Romanians, BucureÈ™ti, BIC ALL, 2007, II, 978-973-571-709-4,
  • Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria ()BOOK, Neue Deutsche Biographie, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1953, 3-428-00182-6, 1, Munich, 396–397, de,
  • Charles II of Navarre ()JOURNAL, John E., Morby, The Sobriquets of Medieval European Princes, Canadian Journal of History, 13, 1, 1978, 1–16, 10.3138/cjh.13.1.1,
  • Emund of Sweden (; more commonly known as Emund the Old)WEB, Emund the Old,weblink 2021-11-09, www.1066.co.nz,
  • Mihnea of Wallachia (Romanian: Mihnea cel Rău)WEB, 4 July 2014, De ce au fost botezaÅ£i "cei răi" domnitorii Alexandru al III-lea ÅŸi Mihnea Vodă. Istoric: Decapitau boieri, dar nu întotdeauna justificat,weblink 2021-11-09, adevarul.ro, en,
  • Ordoño IV of León ()WEB, Ordoño IV {{!, Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/7303/ordono-iv|access-date=2021-11-18|website=dbe.rah.es}}
  • Sigurd Magnusson, pretender of Norway ( or )
  • William I of Sicily (){{EB1911|wstitle = William I. of Sicily|volume=28|page=671|first=Edmund|last=Curtis|author-link=Edmund Curtis}}
• "~ the Bald":
  • Charles II of France ()WEB, Charles II {{!, Holy Roman emperor|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-II-Holy-Roman-emperor|access-date=2021-11-09|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}
  • Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (; )John E. Morby, "The Sobriquets of Medieval European Princes", Canadian Journal of History, 13:1 (1978), p. 8.
  • Idwal ab Anarawd of Gwynedd ()BOOK, LLoyd, John Edward,weblink A History of Wales: from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, Longman, Longmans Green and Co, 1912, London,
  • Radu II of Wallachia (Church Slavonic: Radu Praznaglava){{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
• "~ Barbarossa":{{Efn|Italian for Red-Beard}} Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor ()WEB, 24 August 2011, Barbarossa, the red-bearded hero, a symbol of German unity,weblink 2021-11-09, Deutsche Welle, en-GB,
• "~ Barefoot" or "~ Bareleg": Magnus III of Norway (){{Citation|last=Krag|first=Claus|title=Magnus 3 Olavsson Berrføtt|date=2020-02-25|url=http://nbl.snl.no/Magnus_3_Olavsson_Berrf%C3%B8tt|work=Norsk biografisk leksikon|language=nb|access-date=2021-11-09}}
• "~ Barn-Lock": Magnus III of Sweden ()WEB, Sweden – Nordstjernan,weblink 2021-11-09, www.nordstjernan.com,
• "~ the Bastard":
  • Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine (, )BOOK, Richard, Alfred,weblink Histoire des comtes de Poitou, 778–1204, 1903, 978-2846180986, 1, 44, Princi Negue, Fr,
  • Henry II of Castile (; more commonly known as Henry of Trastámara)WEB, Henry II king of Castile,weblink 2021-11-09, Encyclopedia Britannica, en,
  • John I of Portugal (; more commonly known John of Avis, John the Great, or John of Fond Memory)WEB, John I king of Portugal,weblink 2021-11-09, Encyclopedia Britannica, en,
  • William I of England (; or ; more commonly known as William the Conqueror)WEB, 2016-01-12, William I 'The Conqueror' (r. 1066–1087),weblink 2021-11-09, The Royal Family, en,
• "~ the Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon (; also known as Alfonso the Warrior)JOURNAL, Lourie, Elena, The Will of Alfonso I, El Batallador, King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment., Speculum, 50:4 October, 1975, 4, 635–651, 10.2307/2855471, 2855471, 159659007,
• "~ the Bavarian": Louis IV of Germany ()BOOK, Martin Clauss,weblink Ludwig IV. der Bayer: Herzog, König, Kaiser, 22 May 2014, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 978-3-7917-6013-1,
• "~ the Bear": Albert the Bear ()WEB, Albrecht der Bär - Die Geschichte Berlins - Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e.V. - gegr. 1865,weblink 2021-11-10, www.diegeschichteberlins.de,
• "~ the Bearded":
  • Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders ()JOURNAL, Morby, J.E., 1978, The Sobriquets of Medieval European Princes,weblink Canadian Journal of History, 13, 1, 9, 10.3138/cjh.13.1.1, University of Toronto Press,
  • Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia ()WEB, Berthold I. - Deutsche Biographie,weblink 2021-11-19, www.deutsche-biographie.de, de, WEB, Berthold I,weblink 2021-11-19, www.zaehringerherzoege.de,
  • Constans II, Byzantine Emperor ()WEB, Παπαθανασίου, Μανώλης, Προσωνύμια Βυζαντινών Αυτοκρατόρων,weblink 2021-11-19, ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΟΝ ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟΝ, el,
  • Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg ()WEB, Eberhard - Deutsche Biographie,weblink 2021-11-19, www.deutsche-biographie.de, de, {{Citation|last=Mertens|first=Dieter|title=Eberhard the Bearded|date=2011-04-01|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/religion-past-and-present/-SIM_03994|work=Religion Past and Present|publisher=Brill|language=en|access-date=2021-11-19}}
  • Egino IV, Count of Urach ()BOOK, Bader, Josef,weblink Egeno der Bärtige, Graf von Urach: nach den Quellen, 1844, de,
  • Geoffrey III of Anjou ()WEB, Geoffrey III the Bearded {{!, count of Anjou|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geoffrey-III-the-Bearded|access-date=2021-11-10|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}
  • Henry I, Duke of Silesia ()WEB, Henry the Bearded,weblink 2024-04-07, artyzm.com,
• "~ Beauclerk" or "~ Beauclerc" (French, "Good Clerk"): Henry I of England ()WEB, 2016-01-12, Henry I 'Beauclerc' (r. 1100–1135),weblink 2021-11-10, The Royal Family, en,
• "~ the Beer Jug": John George I, Elector of Saxony ()BOOK, Trench, Richard Chenevix,weblink Gustavus Adolphus: Social Aspects of the Thirty Years' War. Two Lectures, Macmillan Publishers, 1865, London, 29, en, 10 November 2021,
• "~ the Beloved": Louis XV of France ()Joël Cornette, Histoire de la France : Absolutisme et lumières 1652-178320, Hachette Éducation, 2008, p. 121.
• "~ the Bewitched": Charles II of Spain ()JOURNAL, Turliuc, Mihaela Dana, Cucu, Andrei Ionut, Perciaccante, Antonio, Tosolini, Giulia, De Luca, Stefano, Costachescu, Bogdan, Costea, Claudia Florida, Hydrocephalus of King Charles II of Spain, the Bewitched King, European Neurology, 2019, 81, 1–2, 76–78, 10.1159/000500719, 31112979, 162170183, free,
• "~ the Bibliophile": Manuel II of Portugal (; more commonly known as Manuel the Patriot or Manuel the Unfortunate){{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
• "~ the Big Nest": Vsevolod III Yuriyevich of Vladimir (, {{transliteration|ru|Vsévolod III Yúr'yevich 'Bol'shóe Gnezdó}})WEB, Vsevolod III The Big Nest • History of Russia,weblink 2021-11-10, History of Russia, 12 December 2017, en-US,
• "~ the Black Prince": Edward the Black Prince ()WEB, Edward The Black Prince,weblink 2021-11-10, Historic UK, en-GB,
• "~ the Black":
  • Leszek II the Black ()WEB, Leszek the Black,weblink 2021-11-10, artyzm.com,
  • Fulk III of Anjou ()BOOK, Anselme, Père,weblink Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France des Pairs, Grands officiers de la couronne et de la Maison du roi; et des grands barons., 1730, BnF Gallica, Paris, 8, EN,
  • Halfdan III of Vestfold ()WEB,weblink Halfdan the Black Saga,
  • Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (; also called the pious)WEB, The curious story of Henry III {{!, World Heritage Journeys of Europe|url=https://visitworldheritage.com/en/eu/the-curious-story-of-henry-iii/c0a4d1a0-0fc5-4c24-9c32-b87521f23901|access-date=2021-11-10|website=visitworldheritage.com}}
  • Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria ()BOOK, Stolberg-Wernigerode, Otto zu, Neue deutsche Biographie, 1969, 3428001893, Berlin, 343, de,
  • Margaret II, Countess of Flanders ()BOOK, Lavisse, Ernest, Histoire de France Depuis Les Origines Jusqu'à la Révolution, Volume 9, Part 2, 1912, fr,
• "~ the Blessed": Alexander I of Russia ()BOOK,weblink Император Александр благословенный, его жизнь и царствование, Ivan Sytin, I.D. Sytin, 1912, Moscow, ru,
• "~ the Blind":
  • Boleslaus III of Bohemia (; also known as Boleslaus the Red)BOOK, Hájek, Wenceslaus, Kronyka Czeska, 1541,
  • Béla II of Hungary ()WEB, 1141. február 13. {{!, II. (Vak) Béla király halála|url=https://rubicon.hu/kalendarium/1141-februar-13-ii-vak-bela-kiraly-halala|access-date=2021-11-12|website=rubicon.hu|language=hu}}
  • Magnus IV of Norway (){{Citation|last=Salvesen|first=Helge|title=Magnus 4 Sigurdsson Blinde|date=2020-03-06|url=http://snl.no/Magnus_4_Sigurdsson_Blinde|work=Store norske leksikon|language=nb|access-date=2021-11-12}}
  • Stefan Branković ()WEB, Свети деспот Стефан Српски (Слепи) {{!, Српскa Православнa Црквa [Званични сајт]|url=http://www.spc.rs/sr/sveti_despot_stefan_srpski_slepi_0|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.spc.rs|language=sr|archive-date=2021-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112164120weblink|url-status=dead}}
  • Vasily II Vasiliyevich ()WEB, Василий Васильевич Темный,weblink 2021-11-12, www.hrono.ru,
  • Bogdan III of Moldavia ()WEB, Domnitori – Bogdan al III-lea,weblink 2021-11-12, m.moldovenii.md,
  • John of Bohemia (; ; )WEB, Luxembourg, Université du, John the Blind,weblink 2021-11-12, University of Luxembourg,
• "~ the Blind Earl": Edward de Courtenay, 3rd/11th Earl of DevonBOOK, Cokayne, G. E.,weblink The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (Dacre to Dysart), The St Catherine Press, 1910, Gibbs, Vicary, 2nd, 4, London, 324, en, Doubleday, H. Arthur,
• "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire ()WEB, Selim II {{!, Ottoman sultan {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Selim-II|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
• "~ Bloodaxe": Eric I of Norway ()WEB, BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: Eric Bloodaxe,weblink 2021-11-12, www.bbc.co.uk, en-GB,
• "~ the Bloodthirsty": Ismail of Morocco ()NEWS, 1930-04-14, MOROCCO: Birth of a Nation, en-US, Time,weblink 2021-11-12,
• "Bloody ~": Mary I of EnglandWEB, Mary I facts and myths,weblink 2021-11-12, www.rmg.co.uk, en,
• "~ the Bloody": Nicholas II of Russia ()WEB, Трагедия на Ходынском поле,weblink 12 November 2021, Omsk State University,
• "~ Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark ()WEB, Harald BlÃ¥tand,weblink 2021-11-12, Den Store Danske, da,
• "~ the Bold":
  • Boleslaw II of Poland ()WEB, BolesÅ‚aw II {{!, king of Poland {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boleslaw-II|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
  • Charles of Burgundy ()JOURNAL, Walsh, Richard J., Charles the bold and the crusade: politics and propaganda, Journal of Medieval History, January 1977, 3, 1, 53–86, 10.1016/0304-4181(77)90040-9,
  • Philip the Bold ()WEB, Philip II {{!, duke of Burgundy {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-duke-of-Burgundy|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
  • Philip III of France ()BOOK, Hallam, Elizabeth M., Capetian France: 987–1328, Longman, 1980, 9780582404281, London,
• "~ the Boneless": Ivar Ragnarsson ()WEB, Ivar the Boneless {{!, Biography, Battles, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivar-the-Boneless|access-date=2021-11-16|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
• "~ the Bookish" or "~ the Book-Lover": Coloman of Hungary (; more commonly known as Coloman the Learned)BOOK, Klaniczay, Gábor, Holy Rulers and Blessed Princes: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2002, 0-521-42018-0, 129, BOOK, Kontler, László, Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary, Atlantisz Publishing House, 1999, 963-9165-37-9, 63, BOOK, Font, Márta, Koloman the Learned, King of Hungary, 2001, 963-482-521-4, 7, Szegedi Középkorász Műhely,
• "~ the Boulonnais": Afonso III of Portugal ()BOOK, do Amaral, Diogo Freitas, D. Afonso III, o Bolonhês: Um grande homem de estado, Livraria Bertrand, Bertrand Editora, 2015, 978-9722530996, pt,
• "~ the Brash": Olof of Denmark{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}
• "~ the Brave":
  • Afonso IV of Portugal ()WEB, Nascimento do rei português D. Afonso IV,weblink 2021-11-17, www.leme.pt,
  • Boleslaw I of Poland (; also known as Boleslaw the Great)WEB, O pierwszym BolesÅ‚awie, którego zwano SÅ‚awnym lub Chrobrym,weblink 2021-11-17, polishfreedom.pl,
  • Dan II of Wallachia ()WEB, Pena, Cătălin, Dan cel Viteaz pe tronul Țării RomâneÈ™ti,weblink 2021-11-17, www.evenimentulistoric.ro, 31 May 2021, ro-RO,
  • John III of Moldavia (Romanian: Ioan Vodă cel Viteaz; more commonly known as John the Terrible)WEB, Ioan Vodă cel Cumplit, un personaj unic în istoria românească,weblink 2021-11-17, www.historia.ro, ro,
  • Michael of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia ()WEB, De ce avem nevoie de Mihai Viteazul,weblink 2021-11-17, www.historia.ro, ro,
• "~ the Brilliant": George V of Georgia ()JOURNAL, Lang, D.M., Georgia In The Reign Of Giorgi The Brilliant, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, February 1955, 17, 1, 74–91, 10.1017/S0041977X00106354, 154168058,
• "~ the Broad-shouldered": Haakon II of Norway ()WEB, Brathetland, Bente Opheim, HÃ¥kon II Sigurdsson Herdebrei,weblink 17 November 2021, Norsk Biografisk Leksikon,
• "~ Broom-plant": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (; also known as Geoffrey the Handsome or Geoffrey the Fair)BOOK, Costain, Thomas B.,weblink The Conquering Family: a History of the Plantagenets, Popular Library, 1962, New York City,
• "~ the Brown": Donnchadh mac Flainn, High King of Ireland ()WEB, Donnchad Donn {{!, Dictionary of Irish Biography|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/donnchad-donn-a2691|access-date=2021-11-17|website=www.dib.ie}}
• "~ the Bruce": Robert I of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: )WEB, Robert the Bruce,weblink 2021-11-17, National Museums Scotland, en,
• "~ Builder":
  • David IV of Georgia ()WEB, King David IV the Builder,weblink 17 November 2021, British Council, British Council in Georgia,
  • Peter III of Portugal (){{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
• "~ the Builder King": Leopold II of Belgium (, )WEB, 2020-06-12, Belgium forced to reckon with Léopold's legacy and its colonial past,weblink 2021-11-18, The Guardian, en,
• "~ Bulgar-Slayer": Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (, {{transliteration|el|Basíleios Boulgaroktónos}})BOOK, Stephenson, Paul, The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 978-0521815307, New York, 89–96,

C

• "~ Capet":{{Efn|Possibly meaning "cloaked" or from Latin "caput", meaning head; etymology uncertain}} Hugh Capet ()WEB, Hugh Capet {{!, king of France {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hugh-Capet|access-date=2021-12-12|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
• "~ the Cabbage": Ivaylo of Bulgaria (, )WEB, Ivaylo - the peasant with extraordinary military talent,weblink 2021-12-12, bnr.bg, en,
• "~ the Capacidónio":{{Efn|From Portuguese "capaz", capable, and "idóneo", idoneous}} Peter III of Portugal (; also known as Peter the Builder){{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}
• "~ the Cardinal-King": Henry, King of Portugal ()BOOK,weblink Chronica do Cardeal Rei D. Henrique, Sociedade Propagadora dos Conhecimentos Úteis, 1840, Lisbon, pt,
• "~ the Capuched": Sancho II of Portugal (; also known as Sancho the Hooded or Sancho the Pious)WEB, D. Sancho II, o rei que Portugal não quis,weblink 2021-12-13, www.dn.pt, 3 April 2020, pt-PT,
• "~ the Catholic":
  • Alfonso I of Asturias ()WEB, Aparicio, Javier Iglesia, 2012-07-19, Alfonso I, el Católico, rey de Asturias,weblink 2021-12-13, Historia del Condado de Castilla, es,
  • Andrew I of Hungary (; more commonly known as Andrew the White)BOOK, Kosztolnyik, Z. J., Five Eleventh Century Hungarian Kings: Their Policies and their Relations with Rome, Columbia University Press, 1981, 0-914710-73-7, 74,
  • Ferdinand II of Aragon (, )WEB, 2020-06-07, Fernando el Católico murió por un fallo cardíaco y no por tomar afrodisíacos,weblink 2021-12-14, ELMUNDO, es,
  • Isabella I of Castile ()WEB, 2018-11-26, Isabel I la Católica, reina de Castilla,weblink 2021-12-14, historia.nationalgeographic.com.es, es,
  • Peter II of Aragon (, )WEB, Pedro II de Aragón {{!, Real Academia de la Historia|url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/8210/pedro-ii-de-aragon|access-date=2021-12-14|website=dbe.rah.es}}
  • Frederick I, Duke of Austria ()BOOK, Kleindel, Walter, Österreich Chronik - Daten zur Geschichte und Kultur, 1978, Ueberreuter, 978-3800035779,
• "~ the Caulker": Michael V, Byzantine Emperor (, Michaíl Kalaphátis)WEB, Σήμερα .gr, Σαν, Μιχαήλ Ε' ο Καλαφάτης,weblink 2021-12-15, Σαν Σήμερα .gr, el,
• "~ the Ceremonious": Peter IV of Aragon (, )JOURNAL, Aurell, Jaume, Serrano-Coll, Marta, The Self-Coronation of Peter the Ceremonious (1336): Historical, Liturgical, and Iconographical Representations, Speculum, January 2014, 89, 1, 66–95, 10.1017/S0038713413003564, 10171/59133, 162294829, free,
• "~ the Chaste":
  • Alfonso II of Aragon (; ; ; also known as Alfonso the Troubador)WEB, Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa Online,weblink 2021-12-15, www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com, es, 2021-12-15,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20211215201029weblink">weblink dead,
  • Alfonso II of Asturias ()BOOK, Aramburu y Zuloaga, Félix, Asturianos Universales, Libros Tobal, 1996, 8487253202, VII,
  • BolesÅ‚aw V the Chaste ()BOOK, JasiÅ„ski, Kazimierz, Rodowód Piastów maÅ‚opolskich i kujawskich, Wydawnictwo Historyczne, 2001, 8391356353, Kuyavia,
  • Henry, King of Portugal ()
• "~ the Chief": Kenneth III of Scotland ()
• "~ the Child"
  • Charles, King of Aquitaine ()
  • Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal ()
  • Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse ()
  • Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg ()
  • Louis III of East Francia ()
  • Louis of Sicily ()
  • Nicholas I, Lord of Rostock ()
• "~ the Clement": John VI of Portugal ()
• "~ the Clubfoot": Sverker I of Sweden ()
• "~ Coal-Burner": Anund Jacob of Sweden ()WEB,weblink Anund Jakob - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, sok.riksarkivet.se,
• "~ the Confessor": Edward the Confessor (of England), also known as Saint Edward
• "~ the Colonizer": John III of Portugal ()
• "~ the Conqueror":
  • Afonso I of Portugal ()
  • Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (; )
  • James I of Aragon ()
  • John V, Duke of Brittany ()
  • Mehmed II of The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: {{transliteration|ota|Fatih Sultan Mehmed}})
  • Nicholas I of Russia
  • William I of England (; )
  • Valdemar II of Denmark ()
• "~ the Constable Prince": John, Constable of Portugal ()
• "~ the Constant": John, Elector of Saxony ()
• "~ Corvinus" (from Latin "like a raven"): Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (; )
• "~ the Courteous": William, Duke of Austria ()WEB, Biographie, Deutsche, Wilhelm – Deutsche Biographie,weblink 2021-11-08, www.deutsche-biographie.de, de,
• "~ the Crosseyed": Vasili Kosoi, Muscovian usurper (, {{transliteration|ru|Vasiliy Kosoy}})
• "~ Crouchback":
  • Inge I of Norway ()
  • Richard III of England (also known as Crookback)
• "~ the Cruel":
  • Boleslaus I of Bohemia ()
  • Boleslaus II of Poland ()
  • Louis XI of France
  • Peter I of Portugal ()
  • Peter of Castile ()
• "~ the Crusader":
  • Sigurd I of Norway (; )
  • Robert II, Count of Flanders ()
  • Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn ()
• "~ the Curly" BolesÅ‚aw IV the Curly ()
• "~ Curthose" (Middle English, "short stockings"): Robert II, Duke of Normandy ()
• "~ Curtmantle" (Middle English, "short cloak"): Henry II of England

D

• "~ the Damned"JOURNAL, Andrusiak, Mykola, Mykytiak, A., Kings of Kiev and Galicia (On the Occasion of the 700th Anniversary of the Coronation of Danilo Romanovich), The Slavonic and East European Review, 1955, 33, 81, 342–349, 4204660, or "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (, {{transliteration|ru|Svyatopolk Okayannyy}}; , {{transliteration|uk|Svyatopolk Okayannyy̆}})
• "~ the Deacon": Bermudo I of Asturias (; )
• "~ the Debonaire": Louis I of France ()
• "~ the Deed-Doer": Edmund I of England
• "~ the Desired":
  • Ferdinand VII of Spain
  • Louis XVIII of France
  • Sebastian of Portugal ()
• "~ the Determined": Anthony I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Devil":
  • Robert I, Duke of Normandy ()
  • Vlad II of Wallachia ()
  • Hugh VI, Lord of Lusignan ()
  • Robert II, Lord of Bellême ()
• "~ the Diplomat": Charles I of Portugal ()
• "~ Do-Nothing", "~ the Indolent" or "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France ()
• "~ Dracul" (Romanian, "The Devil" or "The Dragon"): Vlad II of Wallachia ()
• "~ Dracula" (Romanian, "Son of the Devil" or "Son of the Dragon"): Vlad III of Wallachia
• "~ the Drunkard":
  • Michael III, Byzantine Emperor (, )
  • Selim II, Ottoman Emperor ()
  • Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (; )
• "~ the Dung-Named": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (, Konstantínos E' Koprónymos)

E

• "Earth-Shaker ~": Inca Yupanqui (Quechua: Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki)
• "~ the Ecclesiastic" or "~ the Priest": Martin I of Aragon (; Spanish: "Martín el Eclesiástico" o "el Cura")
• "~ the Edifier": Peter III of Portugal ()
• "~ the Educator": Maria II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Elbow-High" or "The Ell-High": WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I of Poland ()
• "~ the Elder":
  • Eadweard I of England (?)
  • Martin I of Aragon
  • Tarquin I (Latin: Tarquinius Senior)
  • Mircea I of Wallachia ()
  • Boso III of Turin
• "~ the Eloquent": Edward of Portugal ()
• "~ the Emperor-King": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
• "~ the Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II of Austria
• "~ the Enabler": Peter III of Portugal
• "~ the Enemy-Son": Peter I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Enlightened": Charles III of Spain ()
• "~ Epiphanes" (Greek "the manifest"): several Hellenistic kings, including
  • Ptolemy V Epiphanes
• "~ Euergetes" (Greek "the benefactor"): several Hellenistic kings, including
  • Ptolemy III Euergetes
  • Ptolemy VIII Physcon
• "~ Eupator" (Greek "of noble father"):
  • Antiochus V ()
  • Mithridates VI of Pontus ()
  • Ptolemy Eupator
• "~ the Executioner": Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire ()
• "~ the Exile":
  • WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw II the Exile (')
  • Edward the Exile

F

• "~ the Fair":
  • Charles IV of France ()
  • Donald III of Scotland ()
  • Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou ()
  • Ivan II of Moscow ()
  • Leopold II, Margrave of Austria ()
  • Louis I of France ()
  • Philip IV of France ()
  • Philip I of Castile (Philip the Fair, , )
• "~ Fairhair": Harald I of Norway ()
• "~ the Fair Sun": Vladimir I of Kiev ()
• "Farmer ~": George III of Great Britain
• "~ the Farmer": Denis of Portugal ()
• "~ The Swift(?): Eystein Halfdansson of Romerike and Vestfold ()
• "~ the Fat":
  • Afonso II of Portugal ()
  • Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor ()
  • Conan III, Duke of Brittany ()
  • Henry I of Cyprus ()
  • Henry I of Navarre (; )
  • Louis VI of France ()
  • Ptolemy VIII of Ptolemaic Egypt
  • Sancho I of León
• "~ the Fearless": John the Fearless ()
• "~ the Frank": Alfonso III of Aragon (; ; also known as Alfonso the Liberal or Alfonso the Free)WEB, Alfonso III {{!, king of Aragon {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfonso-III-king-of-Aragon|access-date=2021-12-12|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}
• "~ the Fighter": Anthony I of Portugal ()
• "~ First-Crowned": Stefan of RaÅ¡ka ()
• "~ Fitzempress": Henry II of England
• "~ Flatnose": Ketil of Man ()
• "~ Forkbeard": Sweyn I of Denmark ( or ; )
• "~ the Fortunate":
  • Manuel I of Portugal ()
  • Dietrich of Oldenburg ()
  • Philip VI of France ()
• "~ the Founder": Afonso I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Fowler": Henry I of Germany ( or )
• "~ the Fratricide":
  • Berengar Raymond II, Count of Barcelona ()
  • Francis I of Brittany
  • Henry II of Castile ()
• "~ From Overseas": Louis IV of France ()

G

• "~ the Generous" or "~ the Liberal":
  • Alfonso III of Aragon (; )
  • Boleslaus II of Poland ()
  • Leopold, Duke of Bavaria ()
• "~ the Gentle":
  • Rupert of Germany
  • Frederick II, Elector of Saxony ()
  • Harald III of Denmark (); see also "~ Hen" below
• "~ the German": Louis I of the East Franks ()
• "~ the Glorious":
  • Athelstan of England (Old English: Æþelstan, ætniman)
  • Elizabeth I of England (Gloriana)
  • Leopold VI, Duke of Austria ()
• ""~the God-Given": Louis XIV ()
• "~ the God-Like One": Murad I, Ottoman Emperor ()
• "~ the God-Loving": Andrey I Bogolubsky ()
• "~ the Good":
  • Alfonso IV of Aragon (; ; )
  • Alexandru of Moldavia ()
  • Fulk II of Anjou (?)
  • Hywel ap Cadell of Wales ()
  • Haakon I of Norway ()
  • John I of Portugal ()
  • John II of France ()
  • Louis I of Holland ()
  • Magnus I of Norway ()
  • Philip III of Burgundy ()
  • William II of Sicily ()
• " Good King ~":
  • Edward III of England (Good King Edward)
  • Henry IV of France (Bon Roi Henri)
  • René of Two Sicilies (then deposed, remained duke of Anjou and count of Provence) ()
  • Wenceslas I of Bohemia (Good King Wenceslas)
• "~ Good Queen": Elizabeth I of England (Good Queen Bess)
• "~ of Good Memory" or "~ the One with Good Memory": John I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Good Mother": Maria II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Gouty":
  • Piero I de Medici of Florence ()
  • Bermudo II of León ()
• "~ the Great": see List of people known as The Great
• "the Great Elector": Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg ()
• "~ Greyfell" or "~ Greyhide": Harald II of Norway ()
• "~ Greymantle": Geoffrey I of Anjou ()
• "~ the Grim" or "~ the Brave" or "~ the Inexorable": Selim I of the Ottoman Empire ()
• "~ the Grocer-King" or "~ the Spices-King": Manuel I of Portugal (, and ), a nickname given to him by Francis I of France with a double entendre, as the French word (wiktionary:épicier|épicier) refers to a grocer, and is derived from (wiktionary:épice|épice), "spice")
• "~ Gylle": (Old Norse, "Servant"): Harald IV of Norway

H

• "~ the Hairy": Wilfred I of Urgel
• "~ the Hammer":
  • Charles Martel of the Franks
  • Geoffrey II of Anjou
  • Geoffrey IV of Anjou
• "~ The Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England (see also Longshanks below).
• "~ the Handsome":
  • Ferdinand I of Portugal ()
  • Frederick I of Austria
  • John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor ()
  • Philip IV of France ()
  • Philip I of Spain ()
  • Radu of Wallachia ()
• "~ the Hardy": Canute III of Denmark (; )
• "~ Hardrada" (from Old Norse "Harðráði", "Stern Counsel"): Harald III of Norway
• "~ Harefoot": Harold I of England
• "~ the Hero of Two Worlds" (): Peter I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
• "~ the Hidden": Sebastian of Portugal ()
• "~ the Holy":
  • Canute IV of Denmark
  • Eric IX of Sweden
  • Olaf II of Norway
• "~ the Holy Prince": Ferdinand of Portugal ()
• "~ the Hopeful": Peter V of Portugal ()
• "~ the Hunchback": Pippin the Hunchback
• "~ the Humane" or "~ the Humanist": Martin I of Aragon
• "~ Hunger": Olaf I of Denmark
• "~ the Hunter":
  • Gudrød
  • John I of Aragon (; )
  • Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: {{transliteration|ota|Avcı Mehmed}})
• "~ the Hunter-King":
  • Charles I of Portugal ()

I

• "~ the Ill-Tempered": Fulk IV of Anjou
• "~ the Illustrious":
  • Otto II, Duke of Bavaria ()
  • Otto I, Duke of Saxony ()
  • Henry III, Margrave of Meissen ()
  • Leopold I, Margrave of Austria ()
• "~ the Impaler": Vlad III of Wallachia
• "~ the Impotent" Henry IV of Castile ()
• "~ the Inconstant" or "~ the Fickle": Ferdinand I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Indolent": Louis V of France
• "~ the Independentist": Anthony I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Invincible": Demetrius I of Bactria
• "~ the Iron":
  • Ernest of Austria ()
  • Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia ()
  • Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse ()
  • Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg ()
  • Henry III, Duke of Å»agaÅ„ (; )
  • Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg ()
• "~ Ironside":
  • Edmund II of England
  • Björn Ironside

J

• "~ the Just":
  • Casimir II, Duke of Poland ()WEB, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (książę zwierzchni Polski 1177–1194),weblink 2021-11-08, TwojaHistoria.pl, pl-PL,
  • Ferdinand VI of Spain ()
  • James II of Aragon ()
  • Leopold III, Duke of Austria ()WEB, Leopold III, 'the Just',weblink 2021-11-08, Die Welt der Habsburger, en,
  • Louis XIII of France
  • Matthias I of Hungary
  • Peter I of Portugal ()
  • Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

K

• "~ the Kind":
  • Alexandru of Moldavia
  • Alfonso IV of Aragon
• "~ the Kind-Hearted": Eric I of Denmark
• "~ the Khazar" (Gr. Chozar): Leo IV of the Byzantine Empire

L

• "~ Lackland":
  • John of England ()
  • John, Count of Eu ()
  • Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal ()
• "~ the Lamb": Eric III of Denmark
• "~ the Lame":
  • Timur (Persian: {{transliteration|fa|Timur i-Lang}})
  • Sigobert King of the Ripuarian Franks
  • See also under "the Lisp and Lame" below
• "~ the Last":
  • Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales ()
  • Louis XVI of France ()
• "~ Law-Mender": Magnus VI of Norway
• "~ the Lawgiver":
  • Eric IX of Sweden
  • Henry II of England
  • Magnus VI of Norway
  • Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire (, {{transliteration|ota|Kanuni Sultan Süleyman}})
• "~ the Learned": Alfonso X of Castile
• "~ the Leprous": Afonso II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Liberal":
  • Alfonso III of Aragon
  • Edward of Savoy
  • Henry I of Champagne
• "~ the Liberator":
  • Alexander II of Russia
  • Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal ()
• "~ the Lion":
  • Albert II of Mecklenburg
  • Brian Boruma of Ireland
  • Heinrich II, Lord of Mecklenburg
  • Henry III, Duke of Saxony
  • Louis VIII of France ()
  • William I of Scotland (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric)
  • Richard I of England ()
• "~ the Lionheart": Richard I of England ()
• "~ the Lisp and Lame" Eric XI of Sweden ()
• "~ the Little Impaler": Basarab Å¢epeluÅŸ cel Tânăr of Wallachia ()
• "~ (the) Longhaired (king)": Chlodio
• "~ Longshanks": Edward I of England
• "~ the Lover of Elegance": John I of Aragon (; )

M

• "~ the Mad":
  • Charles VI of France ()
  • Joanna of Castile ()
  • Ludwig II of Bavaria
  • Maria I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Madman": Donald II of Scotland ()
• "~ the Magnanimous":
  • Emperor Pedro II of Brazil ()
  • King Alfonso V of Aragon ()
  • John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony ()
  • Otto Henry, Elector Palatine ()
  • King John V of Portugal ()
  • Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse
  • King Ladislaus of Naples
  • Inca Roca (Quechua: Inka Roq'a)
  • Charles II of Alençon ()
• "~ the Magnificent":
  • Amenhotep III, Pharaoh of Egypt
  • Edmund I of England ()
  • Lorenzo de' Medici ()
  • Robert I of Normandy ()
  • Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire
  • Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley
• "~ the Maiden":
  • Eystein of Norway
  • Malcolm IV of Scotland
• "~ Martel" (Old French, "The Hammer"):
  • Charles Martel of the Franks
  • Geoffrey II of Anjou
  • Geoffrey IV of Anjou
• "~ the Man": John II of Portugal (, a nickname given to him by Isabella of Castile)
• "~ the Martyr":
  • Edward the Martyr of England
  • King Charles I of England
  • Charles I of Portugal ()
  • Nicholas II of Russia
• "~ the Master of Avis": John I of Portugal (, a reference to his position as Master of the Order of Avis before his election as King)
• "~ the Memorable": Eric II of Denmark
• "~ the Merry": Charles II of England
• "~ the Mild": Halfdan of Romerike and Vestfold
• "~ the Middle": Pippin of Herstal
• "~ the Mighty": Stephen UroÅ¡ IV DuÅ¡an of Serbia
• "~ Minus-a-Quarter": Michael VII Dukas, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ Moneybags": Ivan I of Russia
• "~ the Monk":
  • Alfonso IV of Leon
  • Fortun I of Pamplona
  • Ramiro II of Aragon
  • Vlad IV of Wallachia
• "~ Monk's-Cloak"?: Jon Kuvlung of Norway
• "~ Monomakh" (Russian "", from Greek "", "One who fights alone"): Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
• "~ Monomakhos" (from Greek "", "One who fights alone"): Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ the Moor": Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
• "the Most Beautiful ~": Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile ()
• "Mother ~": Menelik II of Ethiopia ( imiyÄ“ MinÄ«lik

• "~ the Missed-King": Manuel II of Portugal ()
• "The Mouth": Sigurd II of Norway
• "~ the Musician-King:
  • John IV of Portugal ()
  • Louis I of Portugal ()

N

• "~ the Navigator": Henry of Portugal
• "~ New-Day": Valdemar IV of Denmark
• "~ of the Nine Hostages" (): Niall Noigíallach
• "~ the Noble":
  • Charles III of Navarre
  • Magnus I of Norway
• "~ No-Counsel" or "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England (; )
• "~ the Nun's-Lover" (): John V of Portugal

O

• "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337–1378)
• "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271–1303)
• "The Oceanographer":
  • Albert I, Prince of Monaco
  • Charles I of Portugal (Portuguese: Carlos o oceanógrafo)
• "~ The Old" (Cat. el Vell, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieux, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Velloso, Swe. den Gamle, Tgl. Matanda):
  • Ache of Luzon (c. 1480–1572)
  • Albert I of Carpi
  • Albert II of Wedenberg-Heiligenberg (1327–1370)
  • Arnulf I, Count of Flanders (also known as "the great"
  • Basarab Laiota, Prince of Wallachia
  • Boso I, Count of La Marche
  • Coel Hen (Welsh for "Coel the Old"; king of the Brittonic "Hen Ogledd" ("Old North"); possibly legendary)
  • Konrad III of Silesia ()
  • Dyfnwal Hen (Welsh for "Dyfnwal the Old") of Alt Clut
  • Emund II of Sweden
  • Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1495–1540
  • Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" ()
  • George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620–1623
  • Gorm of Denmark
  • Guthrum
  • Haakon IV of Norway
  • Igor of Kiev
  • Michael II of Beloozero (1432–1486)
  • Mieszko III of Poland
  • Pippin of Landen
  • Raymond VI of Toulouse
  • Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona
  • Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232); also "the Kind"
  • Sigismund I of Poland
  • Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380)
  • William, Count of Nassau, 1538–1559
• "The Old Dessauer": Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
• "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige):
  • John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel
  • William I, Margrave of Meissen
• "~ the One-Eyed":
  • Fortun I of Pamplona
  • Antigonus I Monophthalmus
  • Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
  • Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
• "The Oppressed": Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen ()
• "~ the Oppressor": Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: )
• "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250–1295)
• "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England
• "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France

P

• "~ the Pacific": Peter II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Painter-King":
  • Charles I of Portugal ()
  • Louis I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Pale": Constantius I, Roman Emperor
• "~ the Patriot": Manuel II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Peaceful":
  • Edgar of England
  • Olaf III of Norway
  • Aymon, Count of Savoy
  • Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
• "~ the Peacemaker":
  • Alexander III of Russia
  • Alfonso XII of Spain ()
• "~ the Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Philosopher" or "~ the Philosopher King": Edward of Portugal ( or )
• "~ the Pilgrim:
  • Ermengol II, Count of Urgell () ()
  • Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg ()
• "~ the Pious":
  • Boleslav II of Bohemia
  • Edward VI, King of England
  • Henry II, Duke of Silesia ()
  • John III of Portugal ()
  • Louis I of France ()
  • Maria I of Portugal ()
  • Philip III of Spain ()
  • Robert II of France ()
  • Sancho II of Portugal ()
  • William V, Duke of Bavaria ()
  • Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg ()
• "~ Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
• "~ the Poet" or "~ the Poet King": Denis of Portugal ( or )
• "The Poet Prince": Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
• "~ the Poison King": Mithridates VI of Pontus
• "~ the Popular": Louis I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Populator": Sancho I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Posthumous":
  • John I of France
  • Ladislaus I of Bohemia
  • Theobald IV of Champagne
• "~ the Powerful": UroÅ¡ IV of Serbia
• "~ the Precious": Stephen II of Serbia
• "~ the Priest Hater": Eric II of Norway
• "~ the Prior of Crato": Anthony I of Portugal (, a reference to his position as Master of the Portuguese branch of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitaller) before his acclamation as King)
• "~ the Proud":
  • Simeon of Moscow
  • Tarquin the Proud ()
• "~ the Prudent":
  • Louis XI of France (French: Louis le Prudent)
  • Philip II of Spain ()
• "~ the Purple-Born" (Greek Porphyrogenetes):
  • Baldwin II of Constantinople
  • Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor

Q

• "~ the Quarreller":
  • Frederick of Saxony
  • Louis X of France
• "~ the Queen of Sad Mischance": Isabella II of Spain ()
• "~ the Quiet": Olaf III of Norway
• "~ the Quietest one": Alexis of Russia (, {{transliteration|ru|Alexei Tishayshy}})WEB, Alexes The Quietest one,weblink www.encyclopedia.com,

R

• "~ the Rash": James III of Majorca
• "~ the Red":
  • HÃ¥kan of Sweden ()
  • Fulk I of Anjou
  • John I, Duke of Brittany
  • Odo I, Duke of Burgundy ()
  • Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • William II of England (Latin: William Rufus)
  • Rupert I, Elector Palatine ()
  • Ralph I, Count of Clermont ()
• "~ the Red King": Macbeth of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: )
• "~ the Redemptress": Isabel of Brazil ()
• "~ the Redless" or "~ the Redeless": Ethelred II of England ()
• "~ the Reformer": Joseph I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Resistant": Anthony I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Restorer":
  • Casimir I of Poland ()
  • García Ramírez of Navarre
  • Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire
  • John IV of Portugal ()
• "~ the Righteous":
  • Rupert of Germany ()
  • Henry IV of Silesia () ()
  • Frederick IV, Elector Palatine ()
• "~ the Rightly Guided": Harun al-Rashid ()
• "~ the Romanslayer": Kaloyan (Bulgarian: Калоян ромеубиеца)
• "~ Roundhead": Ragnvald of Sweden (; the exact meaning of the nickname is unclear)

S

• "~ the Sacrificer": Sweyn of Sweden (; unclear if "Sven" was his actual name or part of the nickname)
• "~ the Sacristan": Peter III of Portugal ()
• "~ the Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
• "~ the Saint":
  • Edward the Confessor, also known as Saint Edward
  • Ferdinand III of Castile ()
  • Lulach of Scotland
  • Louis IX of France ()
  • William X, Duke of Aquitaine
  • Leopold III, Margrave of Austria ()
  • Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia ()
  • Raymond Benergar IV, Count of Barcelona ()
• "~ the Sapient": Mindaugas
• "~ the Saver of Europe": Tervel of Bulgaria
• "~ the Savior":
  • Ptolemy I Soter
  • Ptolemy IX Soter
  • Antiochus I Soter
  • Demetrius I Soter
  • Diodotus I Soter
  • Menander I Soter
• "~ the Seer": Oleg of Novgorod
• "~ of the Seven Parts (of the World)": Peter, Duke of Coimbra ()
• "~ the She-Wolf of France: Isabella of France
• "~ the Be-shitten": James II of England and Ireland, also James VII of Scotland ()
• "~ the Short": Pippin III, King of the Franks
• "~ of Showers": Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
• "~ the Silent":
  • Olav III of Norway
  • William I of Orange
• "~ the Simple":
  • Charles III of France
  • William, Count of Sully
  • Frederick III of Sicily
  • Peter II, Duke of Brittany
• "~ the Singer": David III of Ethiopia ( DawÄ«t āzimarÄ«)
• "~ Skötkonung" (Old Norse "Tax-King"?): Olof of Sweden
• "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France
• "~ the Soldier": Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
• "~ the Soldier-King":
  • Frederick William I of Prussia
  • Peter IV of Portugal ()
  • Albert I of Belgium (French: le Roi-Soldat or le Roi-Chevalier)
• "~ the Sorcerer": Vseslav of Polotsk
• "~ the Sorrowful": Manuel II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Spider": Louis XI of France (l'Universelle Aragne)
• "~ the Spirited": Philip V of Spain ()
• "~ Split-Nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
• "~ the Stammerer": Louis II of France
• "~ the Stout": Olaf II of Norway
• "The Strict":
  • Louis II, Duke of Bavaria ()
  • Boleslaus I, Duke of Jawor ()
  • Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia ()
• "~ the Strong":
  • Augustus II the Strong
  • Magnus Nilsson, Swedish pretender
  • Sancho VII of Navarre
  • UroÅ¡ IV of Serbia
• "~ the Studious": Manuel II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Stutterer": Peter I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Sun King": Louis XIV of France
  • "The Portuguese Sun King": John V of Portugal

T

• "~ the Tall":
  • Canute II of Sweden
  • Philip V of France (Philippe le Long)
  • Stephen of Serbia
  • Thorkell of East Anglia
• "~ the Terrible":
  • Charles, Duke of Burgundy
  • Ivan IV of Russia (, Ivan Groznyy)
  • Shingas
  • Krum of Bulgaria
• "~ the Theologian": John I of Mecklenburg
• "~ the Thunderbolt":
  • Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan
  • Ptolemy, King of Macedon ("~ the Till-the-End-of-the-World-Passionate": Peter I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Tough": Helen of Bosnia ()
• "~ the Traditionalist": Miguel I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Traditional Queen": Isabella II of Spain ()
• "~ Transmarinus": (Latin: transmarinus "from Outerseas") Louis IV of France ()
• "~ the Treacherous": Leonor Telles de Meneses ()
• "~ the Trembling": Garcia IV of Pamplona
• "~ the Tremulous": Garcia II of Navarre
• "~ of the Tributes": Brian Boru, High King of Ireland ()
• "~ the Troubadour":
  • Alfonso II of Aragon
  • Dinis of Portugal ()
  • Theobald I of Navarre (; ; also called Theobald the Posthumous)WEB, Biografia de Teobaldo I el Trovador,weblink 2021-12-13, www.biografiasyvidas.com,
• "~ Twistedbeard": Alan II, Duke of Brittany () ()WEB, 2016-11-18, Alain Barbetorte, premier duc de Bretagne,weblink 2021-11-09, Becedia, fr,
• "~ the Tyrant":
  • Christian II of Denmark (In Sweden)
  • Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: )

U

• "~ the Unfortunate": Manuel II of Portugal ()
• "~ the Unique": Frederick II of Prussia
• "~ the Unlucky":
  • Arnulf III of Flanders
  • Henry III of Reuss
• "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England
• "~ the Usurper":
  • Mauregato of Asturias
  • Miguel I of Portugal ()

V

• "~ the Vain": James I of England (VI of Scots)
• "~ the Valiant":
  • John IV, Duke of Brittany (), (John V in some English sources)
  • Ralph I, Count of Vermandois ()
  • Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine ()
  • Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine ()
• "~ the Venetian": Andrew III of Hungary (& III of Croatia)
• "~ the Vengeful": Peter I of Portugal ()
• "~ the Victorious":
  • Afonso VI of Portugal ()
  • Charles VII of France
  • Eric of Sweden ()
  • Frederick I of the Palatinate
  • Valdemar II of Denmark (; also "Valdemar the Conqueror")
• "~ the Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England
• "~the Virtuous": Leopold V, Duke of Austria ()WEB, Gedächtnis des Landes – Personen: Leopold V. (der Tugendhafte),weblink 2021-11-08, www.gedaechtnisdeslandes.at,

W

• "~ the Warlike":
  • Albert, Prince of Beyreuth
  • Bernard VII of Lippe
  • Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
  • Frederick II of Austria
  • Herman of Schwarzenberg
  • Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
  • Svyatoslav I of Kiev
• "~ the Warrior": Charles I of Savoy
• "~ the Weak": UroÅ¡ V of Serbia
• "~ Wearing-a-Cape": Hugh Capet of France
• "~ the Well-Beloved":
  • Charles VI of France
  • Louis I of Spain ()
• "~ the Well-Served": Charles VII of France
• "~ the Wench of Queluz": Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal ()
• "~ the White":
  • Henry III of Silesia
  • Leszek I of Poland ()
• "~ Whiteshirt":
  • Haraldr Whiteshirt
• "~ Who-Fights-Alone":
  • Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
  • Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
• "~ the Wicked":
  • Ordoño IV of León
  • Yazdegerd I of Persia
• "~ the Wise":
  • Albert II of Austria
  • Albert IV of Bavaria
  • Alfonso X of Castile
  • Charles V of France
  • Coloman of Hungary
  • Frederick II of the Palatinate
  • Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
  • Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor
  • Mandukhai Khatun, empress of the Mongol Empire
  • Robert of Naples
  • Sancho VI of Navarre
  • William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
  • Yaroslav I of KievBritannica Academic
• "~ the Wrymouth": Boleslaus III of Poland ()

Y

• "Yellow ~" or "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire ()
• "~ the Young":
  • Basarab Å¢epeluÅŸ of Wallachia (Old Romanian: )
  • Fulk V of Anjou ()
• "~ the Young King": Henry the Young King ()
• "~ the Younger":
  • Conrad II of Sicily
  • Martin I of Sicily
  • Louis VII of France ()
  • Pippin III, King of the Franks (; , or ); see also "~ the Short", above

Sobriquets

• "The Accursed": Genghis Khan
• "The Alexander of the West": Henry II of England
• "Alix": Alexandra of Denmark
• "Bertie": George VI of the United Kingdom
• "Bloody Mary": Mary I of England
• "Bonnie Prince Charlie": Charles Edward Stuart, United Kingdom
• "Caligula" ("Little Boots"): Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Roman Emperor
• "Caracalla" ("Hooded Tunic"): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
• "Cecco Peppe" (Italian, diminutive of Francesco Giuseppe): Franz Joseph I of Austria
• "Champion of the Reformation": John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
• "Daisy": Margrethe II of Denmark
• "Dickie": Louis Mountbatten
• "Dominus Mundi": Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Ducky": Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• "the Emperor of Universal Dominion": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Ena": Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
• "Farmer George": George III of the United Kingdom
• "Father of England" Edward III of England
• "Father of Europe" (Latin: "Pater Europae"): Charlemagne
• "Father-in-law of Europe":
  • Christian IX of Denmark
  • Nicholas I of Montenegro
• "First Gentleman of Europe": Louis XV of France
• "Fox of Mecklenburg": Albert II of Mecklenburg
• "Gloriana": Elizabeth I of England
• "Good King Edward": Edward III of England
• "Good King Henry" (French: "le bon roi Henri"): Henry IV of France
• "Good King René" (French: "le bon roi René"): René of Anjou, (deposed) king of peninsular Sicily
• "Good Queen Bess": Elizabeth I of England
• "Grandfather of Europe": Miguel I of PortugalWEB,weblink Miguel, August 7, 2015, December 11, 2021, December 11, 2021,weblink dead,
• "Grandmother of Europe": Queen Victoria
• "The Great Belly-Gerent": Frederick I of Württemberg
• "The Great Elector" (German: "Großer Kurfürst"): Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
• "Greek Nicky": Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
• "Hammer of the North": Harald III of Norway
• "Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England
• "Harry": Maud of the United Kingdom
• "He of the Little Dagger" (Catalan: "el del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
• "The Huckster King": Henry VII of England
• "The Iron and Golden King": Ottokar II of Bohemia (Czech: "Král železný a zlatý")
• "The Iron Duke": Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (Dutch: "IJzeren Hertog")
• "The Iron Pope" (Italian: Il Papa Ferreo): Pope Sixtus V
• "Kaiser Bill": Wilhelm II, German Emperor
• "The King of May" (Italian: "Re di maggio"): Umberto II of Italy
• "The King of the Seas" Edward III of England
• "The Last Emperor": Puyi of China (Chinese: 末代皇帝)
• "The Last Knight": Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
• "Lion of Justice": Henry I of England; Henry II of England
• "Lilibet": Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
• "Lion of the North": Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
• "The Little Corporal": Napoleon I of France
• "Little Sabre" (Italian: "Sciaboletta"): Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
• "May": Mary of Teck
• "Missy": Marie of Romania
• "The Merry Monarch" or "The Merrie Monarch":
  • Charles II of England
  • Kalākaua of HawaiÊ»i
• "Mrs Brown": Queen Victoria. Refers to the Queen's relationship with her personal attendant, John Brown.
• "Napoleon of the Pacific": Kamehameha I of HawaiÊ»i
• "Nicky": Nicholas II of Russia
• "The Nine Days Queen": Lady Jane Grey
• "Old Coppernose": Henry VIII of England
• "The One Of The Little Dagger": (Catalan: "El del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
• "The People's King": Lunalilo of Hawaii
• "Pingo": Frederik X of Denmark
• "The Pious Grandfather" (Italian: Il Pio Nonno, a pun on the Italian form of his regnal name, Pio Nono): Pope Pius IX
• "The Prince of Whales": George IV of the United Kingdom. Note that it is Whales instead of Wales. George was indeed the Prince of Wales during his regency, while he was also quite obese. Political satirical cartoons at the time would make fun of his obesity and portray him as a massive whale.JOURNAL, Riely, John C., Roylance, Dale R., Lewis, Wilmarth S., The Age of Horace Walpole in Caricature : An Exhibition of Satirical Prints and Drawings from the Collection of W. S. Lewis, The Yale University Library Gazette, 1973, 48, 2, 87–134, 40858510, WEB,weblink Print; satirical print &124; British Museum,
• "The Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
• "The Scourge of God": Attila the Hun
• "Skanderbeg" (from Albanian Skënderbeu, "Lord Alexander"): George Kastrioti of Albania
• "Sissi/Sisi": Empress Elisabeth of Austria
• "Soft-Sword": John of England
• "Stupid Willy" (Polish: "GÅ‚upi WiluÅ›"): Wilhelm II of Germany
• "Stupor Mundi": Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
• "The Sun King" (French: "Le Roi Soleil"): Louis XIV of France
• "The Tennis King": () Gustav V of Sweden
• "The Theater King": () Gustav III of Sweden
• "Thief of Cairo": Farouk of Egypt
• "The Uncle of Europe": Edward VII of the United Kingdom
• "The Universal Spider" (Old French: "l'universelle aragne"): Louis XI of France
• "The Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England
• "The Warrior King": Abdullah II of JordanWEB,weblink Five things to know about Jordan, the kingdom and its royal couple, CNN, 7 February 2015, WEB,weblink King Abdullah – the Warrior King – goes viral as footage of his military skills do the rounds – the Malta Independent,
• "The Warrior Pope" (Italian: Il Papa Guerriero): Pope Julius II
• "The Winter King": Frederick I of Bohemia
• "The Wisest Fool In Christendom": James I of England
• "The World-Emperor": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

See also

• Epithet
• Nickname
• Sobriquet
• Victory titles
• List of people known as The Great
• List of royal saints and martyrs
• List of military figures by nickname
• Lists of nicknames

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• Ross, Martha. Rulers and Governments of the World – Vol 1, Earliest Times to 1491, Bowker Publishing Company Ltd, London & New York, 1978. {{ISBN|0-85935-051-7}}

{{Personal names}}