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{{Short description|Town in Cumbria, England}}{{redirect|Barrow, Cumbria|the fell in the Lake District|Barrow (Lake District)}}{{other uses}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

factoids

| population = 55,489United Kingdom Census 2021>2021 Census)| population_demonym = Barrovian| civil_parish = Barrow| unitary_england = Westmorland and Furness Barrow and Furness (UK Parliament constituency)>Barrow and Furness| post_town = BARROW-IN-FURNESS| postcode_district = LA13, LA14| postcode_area = LA| dial_code = 01229| os_grid_reference = SD198690297kmabbr=on}}| pushpin_map_caption = Location on Morecambe Bay##Location of town centre within Barrow-in-Furness Borough }}Barrow-in-Furness is a port town and civil parish (as just "Barrow") in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. Historically in Lancashire, it was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1867 and merged with Dalton-in-Furness Urban District in 1974 to form the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness. In 2023, the borough merged with Eden and South Lakeland districts to form a new unitary authority: Westmorland and Furness. At the tip of the Furness peninsula, close to the Lake District, it is bordered by Morecambe Bay, the Duddon Estuary and the Irish Sea. In 2021, Barrow's population was 55,489, making it the second largest urban area in Cumbria after Carlisle, and the largest in the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority. Natives of Barrow, as well as the local dialect, are known as Barrovian.JOURNAL, Jenkins, Russell, 22 December 2006, Chocolate blog sends town into meltdown, The Times, 15, In the Middle Ages, Barrow was a small hamlet within the parish of Dalton-in-Furness with Furness Abbey, now on the outskirts of the town, controlling the local economy before its dissolution in 1537. The iron prospector Henry Schneider arrived in Furness in 1839 and, with other investors, opened the Furness Railway in 1846 to transport iron ore and slate from local mines to the coast. Further hematite deposits were discovered, of sufficient size to develop factories for smelting and exporting steel. For a period in the late 19th century, the Barrow Hematite Steel Company-owned steelworks was the world's largest.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070819160207weblink">weblink dead, Barrow Steelworks, 19 August 2007, Barrow's location and the availability of steel allowed the town to develop into a significant producer of naval vessels, a shift that was accelerated during World War I and the local yard's specialisation in submarines. The original iron- and steel-making enterprises closed down after World War II, leaving Vickers shipyard as Barrow's main industry and employer. Several Royal Navy flagships, the vast majority of its nuclear submarines as well as numerous other naval vessels, ocean liners and oil tankers have been manufactured at the facility.The end of the Cold War and subsequent decrease in military spending saw high unemployment in the town through lack of contracts; despite this, the BAE Systems shipyard remains operational as the UK's largest by workforce (12,000 employees in 2024)BAE Workforce 2024 and is now undergoing a major expansion associated with the {{Sclass|Dreadnought|submarine|0}} submarine programme. Furthermore, in 2023 it was announced that a new class of nuclear submarine, associated with the trilateral AUKUS military alliance, will be designed and principally constructed in Barrow.WEB,weblink British-led design chosen for AUKUS submarine project, GOV.UK, 25 August 2023, Today Barrow is also a hub for energy generation and handling. Offshore wind farms form one of the highest concentrations of turbines in the world, including the second largest offshore farm, with multiple operating bases in Barrow.Walney £1bn offshore wind farm is world's largest BBC News, 6 September 2018. Accessed: 6 September 2018.

Toponymy

The name was originally that of an island, Barrai, which can be traced back to 1190. This was later renamed Old Barrow, recorded as Oldebarrey in 1537, and Old Barrow Insula and Barrohead in 1577. The island was then joined to the mainland and the town took its name. The name itself seems to mean "island with promontory", combining British barro- and Old Norse ey, but it is more likely that Scandinavian settlers simply accepted barro- as a meaningless name, and so added an explanatory Old Norse second element.BOOK, Mills, David, The Place Names of Lancashire, Batsford Books, 1976, 978-0-7134-3248-0, London,

Nicknames

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Barrow was nicknamed "the English Chicago" because of the sudden and rapid growth in its industry, economic stature and overall size.WEB,weblink Barrow-in-Furness: kept on life support by perpetual warfare, Owen, Hatherley, 2011-01-13, Building Design, 25 August 2023, More recently the town has been dubbed the "capital of blue-collar Britain" by The Guardian, reflecting its strong working class identity.NEWS, Barrow, capital of blue-collar Britain,weblink The Observer, 4 October 2008, Davies, Caroline, Barrow is also often jokingly referred to as being at the end of the longest cul-de-sac in the country because of its isolated location at the tip of the Furness peninsula.NEWS, Westcott, Lucy Townsend and Kathryn, 17 July 2012, Five lesser-spotted things in the census, BBC News,weblink

History

{{See also|Timeline of Barrow-in-Furness}}

Early history

Barrow and the surrounding area has been settled non-continuously for several millennia with evidence of Neolithic inhabitants on Walney Island. Despite a rich history of Roman settlement across Cumbria and the discovery of related artefacts in the Barrow area, no buildings or structures have been found to support the idea of a functioning Roman community on the Furness peninsula.WEB, Roman Treasure,weblink 3 August 2015, Dock Museum, 23 September 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150923215551weblink">weblink dead, The Furness Hoard discovery of Viking silver coins and other artefacts in 2011 provided significant archaeological evidence of Norse settlement in the early 9th century. Several areas of Barrow including Yarlside and Ormsgill, as well as "Barrow" and "Furness", have names of Old Norse origin. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the settlements of Hietun, Rosse and Hougenai, which are now the districts of Hawcoat, Roose and Walney respectively.File:Furness Abbey, April 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Furness AbbeyFurness AbbeyIn the Middle Ages the Furness peninsula was controlled by the Cistercian monks of the Abbey of St Mary of Furness, known as Furness Abbey. This was in the "Vale of Nightshade", now on the outskirts of the town.WEB, Local history and heritage,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070609195921weblink">weblink 9 June 2007, 10 June 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, Founded for the Savigniac order, it was built on the orders of King Stephen in 1123. Soon after the abbey's foundation the monks discovered iron ore deposits, later to provide the basis for the Furness economy. These thin strata, close to the surface, were extracted through open cut workings,WEB, Iron Mining,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070702101913weblink">weblink 2 July 2007, 10 June 2007, Industries of Cumbria, which were then smelted by the monks.WEB, Raymond, Michael, A Forgotten Medieval Powerhouse: Furness Abbey,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160425033830weblink">weblink 25 April 2016, 3 August 2015, New Histories Magazine, The proceeds from mining, along with agriculture and fisheries, meant that by the 15th century the abbey had become the second richest and most powerful Cistercian abbey in England, after Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire.WEB, English Heritage, Furness Abbey,weblink 6 May 2007, English Heritage, The monks of Furness Abbey constructed a wooden tower on nearby Piel Island in 1212 which acted as their main trading point; it was twice invaded by the Scots, in 1316 and 1322. In 1327 King Edward III gave Furness Abbey a licence to crenellate the tower, and a motte-and-bailey castle was built. However Barrow itself was just a hamlet in the parish of Dalton-in-Furness, reliant on the land and sea for survival. Small quantities of iron and ore were exported from jetties on the channel separating the village from Walney Island. Amongst the oldest buildings in Barrow are several cottages and farmhouses in Newbarns which date back to the early 17th century; as well as Rampside Hall, a Grade I listed building and the best-preserved in the town from the 1600s. Even as late as 1843 there were still only 32 dwellings, including two pubs.WEB, Plan of Barrow 1843,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070704111547weblink">weblink 4 July 2007, 10 June 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all,

19th century

File:Barrow Steelworks.jpg|thumb|left|Barrow Steelworks circa. 1877]]In 1839 Henry Schneider arrived as a young speculator and dealer in iron, and he discovered large deposits of haematite in 1850. He and other investors founded the Furness Railway, the first section of which opened in 1846, to transport the ore from the slate quarries at Kirkby-in-Furness and haematite mines at Lindal-in-Furness and Askam and Ireleth to a deep-water harbour near Roa Island.WEB, History of the Furness Railway Company,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070715153252weblink">weblink 15 July 2007, 8 July 2007, The Furness Railway Trust, The crucial and difficult link across Morecambe Bay between Ulverston and Carnforth on the main line was promoted, as the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway, by a group led by John Brogden and opened in 1857. It was promptly purchased by the Furness Railway.BOOK, Marshall, J.D., Furness and the Industrial Revolution, Michael Moon, Beckermet, Cumbria, 1981, 978-0-904131-26-0, 215–8, 1958, BOOK, Richardson, Joseph, Furness Past and Present, 1870, 1 of 2, 18–24, The docks built between 1863 and 1881 in the more sheltered channel between the mainland and Barrow Island replaced the port at Roa Island. The first dock to open was Devonshire Dock in 1867, and Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone stated his belief that "Barrow would become another Liverpool". The increasing quantities of iron ore mined in Furness were then brought into the centre of Barrow to be transported by sea.File:Barrow Jute Works 1875.jpg|thumb|Painting of the Barrow Jute WorksBarrow Jute WorksThe investors in the burgeoning mining and railway industries decided that greater profits could be made by smelting the iron ore and converting the resultant pig-iron into steel, and then exporting the finished product. Schneider and James Ramsden, the railway's general manager, erected blast furnaces at Barrow that by 1876 formed the largest steelworks in the world.WEB, Barrow,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070819160207weblink">weblink 19 August 2007, 25 August 2007, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, dmy-all, Its success was a result of the availability of local iron ore and coal from the Cumberland mines and easy rail and sea transport. The Furness Railway, which counted local aristocrats the 7th Duke of Devonshire and the Duke of Buccleuch as investors, kick-started the Industrial Revolution on the peninsula. The railway brought mined ore to the town, where the steelworks produced large quantities of steel. It was used for shipbuilding, and derived products such as rails were also exported from the newly built docks.Barrow's population grew rapidly. Population figures for the town itself were not collected until 1871,JOURNAL, Bainbridge, TH, 1939, Barrow in Furness: A Population Study, Economic Geography, 15, 4, 379–383, 10.2307/141773, 141773, though sources suggest that Barrow's population was still as low as 700 in 1851.WEB, Timeline History of Barrow-in-Furness,weblink 16 July 2015, VisitorUK, During the first half of the 19th century, Barrow formed part of the parish of Dalton-in-Furness, the population of which shows some of Barrow's early growth from the 1850s:Population of the Parish of Dalton-in-Furness{| class="wikitable"!Year||1801||1811||1821||1831||1841||1851||1861|9,152In 1871 Barrow's population was recorded at 18,584 and in 1881 at 47,259, less than forty years after the railway was built. The majority of migrants originated from elsewhere in Lancashire although significant numbers settled in Barrow from Ireland and Scotland, which represented 11% and 7% of the local population in the 1890s.BOOK,weblink Culture, Conflict, and Migration: The Irish in Victorian Cumbria, Liverpool University Press, 1998, 9780853236528, 6 April 2015, registration, BOOK,weblink The Scots in Victorian and Edwardian Belfast: A Study in Elite Migration, Oxford University Press, 2013, 9780748679928, 1 April 2015, By the turn of the 20th century, the Scottish-born population had increased to form the highest portion anywhere in England. Other notable immigrant groups included Cornish people who represented 80% of the district of Roose's population at the time of the 1881 census. In an attempt to diversify Barrow's economy James Ramsden founded the Barrow and Calcutta Jute Company in 1870 and the Barrow Jute Works was soon constructed alongside the Furness Railway line in Hindpool. The mill employed 2,000 women at its peak and was awarded a gold medal for its produce at the 1878 Paris Exposition Universelle.WEB, Barrow Flax and Jute Co,weblink 10 March 2013, Grace's Guide, (File:Barrow Works 1890.jpg|thumb|left|Barrow's shipyard circa. 1890)The sheltered strait between Barrow and Walney Island was an ideal location for the shipyard. The first ship to be built, the Jane Roper, was launched in 1852; the first steamship, a 3,000-ton liner named Duke of Devonshire, in 1873. Shipbuilding activity increased, and on 18 February 1871 the Barrow Shipbuilding Company was incorporated. Barrow's relative isolation from the United Kingdom's industrial heartlands meant that the newly formed company included several capabilities that would usually be subcontracted to other establishments. In particular, a large engineering works was constructed including a foundry and pattern shop, a forge, and an engine shop. In addition, the shipyard had a joiners' shop, a boat-building shed and a sailmaking and rigging loft.BOOK, The Naval and Armaments Company Limited, The Works at Barrow-in-Furness of The Naval Construction and Armaments Company Limited – Historical and Descriptive, The Naval and Armaments Company Limited, partly reprinted from 'Engineering' magazine, 1896, Barrow-in-Furness, 54, During these boom years, Ramsden proposed building a planned town to accommodate the large workforce which had arrived. There are few planned towns in the United Kingdom, and Barrow is one of the oldest. Its centre contains a grid of well-built terraced houses, with a tree-lined road leading away from a central square. Ramsden later became the first mayor of Barrow,WEB, Former Mayors,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150923182432weblink">weblink 23 September 2015, 3 August 2015, Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, which was given municipal borough status in 1867, and county borough status in 1889.WEB, History of Dalton-in-Furness,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070810055439weblink">weblink 10 August 2007, 6 July 2007, Dalton Online, Dalton Community Association, dmy-all, The imposing red sandstone town hall, designed by W.H. Lynn, was built in a neo-gothic style in 1887.WEB, Local History and Heritage,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070609195921weblink">weblink 9 June 2007, 8 July 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, Prior to this, the borough council had met at the railway headquarters: the railway company's control of industry extended to the administration of the town itself.File:Ancient roam (1).jpg|thumb|Map of Barrow dated 1890 showing no development on Walney Island and little north of the Furness LineFurness LineThe Barrow Shipbuilding Company was taken over by the Sheffield steel firm of Vickers in 1897, by which time the shipyard had surpassed the railway and steelworks as the largest employer and landowner in Barrow. The company constructed Vickerstown, modelled on George Cadbury's Bournville, on the adjacent Walney Island in the early 20th century to house its employees.NEWS, Partridge, Frank, 16 March 2006, The Complete Guide to: England's Islands, The Independent, Independent News & Media, London,weblink dead, 10 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927211406weblink">weblink 27 September 2007, It also commissioned Sir Edwin Lutyens to design Abbey House as a guest house and residence for its managing director, Commander Craven.WEB, Homepage,weblink 3 August 2015, Abbey House Hotel,

20th century

File:Abbey House Hotel south elevation.JPG|thumb|left|Abbey House was commissioned by Vickers and designed by Sir Edwin LutyensEdwin LutyensFile:Cornmillcrossing.jpg|thumb|left|Cornmill Crossing in 1895 (a former goods-depot on the Furness Railway), a retail park now exists on the site]]By the 1890s the shipyard was heavily engaged in the construction of warships for the Royal Navy and also for export. The Royal Navy's first submarine, Holland 1, was built in 1901,WEB, Submarine History of Barrow-in-Furness,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070704042341weblink">weblink 4 July 2007, 20 July 2007, Submarine Heritage Centre, and by 1914 the UK had the most advanced submarine fleet in the world, with 94% of it constructed by Vickers. Vickers was also famous for the construction of airships and airship hangars during the early 20th century. Originally constructed in a large shed at Cavendish Dock, production later relocated to Barrow/Walney Island Airport. HMA No. 1, nicknamed the Mayfly is the most notable airship to have been built in Barrow. The first of its kind in the UK it came to an untimely end on 24 September 1911 when it was wrecked by wind during trials. Well-known ships built in Barrow include {{ship|Japanese battleship|Mikasa||2}}, the Japanese flagship during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, the liner {{SS|Oriana|1959|6}} and the aircraft carriers {{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}} and {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}}. It should also be noted that there was a significant presence of Vickers' armament division in Barrow with the huge Heavy Engineering Workshop on Michaelson Road supplying ammunition for the British Army and Royal Navy throughout both world wars. World War 1 brought significant temporary migration as workers arrived to work in the munitions factory and shipyard, with the town's population reaching to an estimated peak of around 82,000 during the War. Thousands of local men fought abroad during World War I, 616 were ultimately killed in action.WEB, Museums, Imperial War, Barrow In Furness Cenotaph,weblink Imperial War Museums, 2 May 2010, 28 September 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110928221857weblink">weblink dead, During World War II, Barrow was a target for the German air force looking to disable the town's shipbuilding capabilities (see Barrow Blitz).WEB, 16 February 2005, The Battle of Britain – Diary – 2 September 1940,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070815202245weblink">weblink 15 August 2007, 5 August 2007, RAF, The town suffered the most in a short period between April and May 1941. During the war, a local housewife, Nella Last, was selected to write a diary of her experiences on the home front for the Mass-Observation project. Her memoirs were later adapted for television as Housewife, 49 starring Victoria Wood. The difficulty in targeting bombs meant that the shipyards and steelworks were often missed, at the expense of the residential areas. Ultimately, 83 people were killed and 11,000 houses in the area were left damaged. To escape the heaviest bombardments, many people in the central areas left the town to sleep in hedgerows, with some being permanently evacuated. Barrow's industry continued to supply the war effort, with Winston Churchill visiting the town on one occasion to launch the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Indomitable|R92|6}}.WEB, 16 February 2005, World War II,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070813205557weblink">weblink 13 August 2007, 25 August 2007, Dock Museum, Besides the dozens of civilians killed during World War II, some 268 Barrovian men were also killed whilst in combat.File:Yokosuka-mikasa-08-2010.png|thumb|right|Barrow-built {{ship|Japanese battleship|Mikasa||2}} was the Imperial Japanese Navy's flagship during the Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese WarBarrow's population reached a second peak in of 77,900 in 1951;BOOK, Freeman, TW, The Conurbations of Great Britain, 1966, The University Press, Second, Manchester, 239, however, by this point the long decline of mining and steel-making as a result of overseas competition and dwindling resources had already begun. The Barrow ironworks closed in 1963,WEB, 1 June 2005, Project Corus (Workington) Steering Group Report,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928094413weblink">weblink 28 September 2007, 31 August 2007, Northwest Development Agency, DOC (computing), DOC, dmy-all, three years after the last Furness mine shut. The by then small steelworks followed suit in 1983,WEB, Barrow Steel,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070702005911weblink">weblink 2 July 2007, 21 July 2007, leaving Barrow's shipyard as the town's principal industry. From the 1960s onwards it concentrated its efforts in submarine manufacture, and the UK's first nuclear-powered submarine, {{HMS|Dreadnought|S101|6}}, was constructed in 1960. {{HMS|Resolution|S22|6}}, the {{Sclass|Swiftsure|submarine|5}}, {{Sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|5}} and {{Sclass|Vanguard|submarine|2}}s all followed. The last of these are armed with Trident II missiles as part of the British government's Trident nuclear programme.The end of the Cold War in 1991 marked a reduction in the demand for military ships and submarines, and the town continued its decline. The shipyard's dependency on military contracts at the expense of civilian and commercial engineering and shipbuilding meant it was particularly hard hit as government defence spending was reduced dramatically.JOURNAL, Maggie Mort, Graham Spinardi, 2004, Defence and the decline of UK mechanical engineering – the case of Vickers at Barrow, Business History, 46, 1, 1–22, 10.1080/00076790412331270099, 153992331, As a result, the workforce shrank from 14,500 in 1990 to 5,800 in February 1995,JOURNAL, 23 May 1995, Views of main parties as part of report into British Aerospace PLC proposed merger with VSEL,weblink dead, Competition Commission,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110520023806weblink">weblink 20 May 2011, with overall unemployment in the town rising over that period from 4.6% to 10%.WEB, 23 May 1995, Appendix on unemployment as part of report into British Aerospace PLC proposed merger with VSEL,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928011251weblink">weblink 28 September 2007, 31 August 2007, Competition Commission, dmy-all, The rejection by the VSEL management of detailed plans for Barrow's industrial renewal in the mid-to-late 1980s remains controversial.BOOK, Mort, Maggie, Building the Trident Network, MIT Press, 2002, 978-0-262-13397-5, This has led to renewed academic attention in recent years to the possibilities of converting military-industrial production in declining shipbuilding areas to the offshore renewable energy sector.WEB, Schofield, Steven, January 2007, Oceans of Work: Arms Conversion Revisited,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070710111238weblink">weblink 10 July 2007, 25 August 2007, British American Security Information Council,

21st century

In a 2002 outbreak of legionellosis in the town, 172 people were reported to have caught the disease, of whom seven died. This made it the fourth worst outbreak in the world in terms of number of cases and sixth worst in terms of deaths. The source of the bacteria was later found to be steam from a badly maintained air conditioning unit in the council-run arts centre Forum 28.NEWS, 20 August 2002, Legionnaires' source officially traced, BBC News,weblink live, 21 July 2003,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20030814170447weblink">weblink 14 August 2003, At the conclusion of the inquest into the seven deaths, the coroner for Furness and South Cumbria criticised the council for its health and safety failings.NEWS, 12 June 2007, A Total Shambles, North West Evening Mail,weblink 21 July 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070623083652weblink">weblink 23 June 2007, In 2006, council employee Gillian Beckingham and employer Barrow Borough Council were cleared of seven charges of manslaughter. Beckingham, the council senior architect was fined £15,000 and the authority £125,000. Following the trials the contractor responsible for maintaining the plant settled a £1.5 million claim by the council for damages.NEWS, 31 July 2006, Bug Death Council Worker Cleared, BBC News,weblink 21 July 2007, The borough council was the first public body in the country to face corporate manslaughter charges.WEB, Back in the Line of Fire,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071006125830weblink">weblink 6 October 2007, 21 July 2007, publicfinance.co.uk, 2006 saw the construction of Barrow Offshore Wind Farm, which has acted as a catalyst for further investment in offshore renewable energy. Ormonde Wind Farm and Walney Wind Farm followed in 2011, the latter of which became the largest offshore wind farm in the world. The three wind farms are located west of Walney Island and are operated primarily by Ørsted (company), contain a total of 162 turbines and have a combined nameplate capacity of 607 MW, providing energy for well over half a million homes. West of Duddon Sands Wind Farm was commissioned in 2014 while Walney was extended in 2018 to again become the world's largest such offshore facility.During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Barrow had the highest rate of infection of any local authority in the United Kingdom. This was attributed to various socio-economic factors and a high level of testing also seen in the neighbouring authorities of South Lakeland and Lancaster.WEB, Coronavirus: Why does Cumbrian town of Barrow-in-Furness have highest rate of infection in UK?,weblink 5 June 2020, The Independent, 15 May 2020, Rates fluctuated throughout the year and towards the end of 2020 infection rates were amongst the lowest in country.From the mid 2010's to present, significant investment has taken place at BAE Systems' shipyard in Barrow with an expansion to accommodate the new {{Sclass|Dreadnought|submarine|0}} programme. Further to this, commitments associated with the AUKUS submarine programme will safeguard the shipyard's long-term future. Significant investment in renewable energy is also taking place with emerging proposals to repurpose Rampside Gas Terminals to facilitate the storage of carbon in the depleted Morecambe gas fields.In 2023 media reported that Barrow was "torn apart" by false grooming gang allegations, with public demonstrations targeting the local newspaper, the Asian community and police.WEB, How one woman's lies tore a town apart – and finally unravelled,weblink 8 August 2023, The Guardian, 17 March 2023, WEB, Eleanor Williams jailed: The false Facebook rape post that tore a community apart,weblink 8 August 2023, Yahoo News, 15 March 2023, The scandal was the subject of the 2024 BBC documentary Liar: The Fake Grooming Scandal and the perpetrator Eleanor Williams was duly convicted and sentenced to eight and a half years in prison. WEB,weblink Liar: The Fake Grooming Scandal,

Governance

File:Barrow town hall, April 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Barrow's Grade II* listed town hall viewed from Schneider SquareSchneider SquareBarrow is the largest town in the district of Westmorland and Furness. Previously the town was in the borough of Barrow-in-Furness, which had directly inherited the municipal and county borough charters given to the town in the late 19th century.WEB, Barrow Borough Council – Former Mayors,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928030726weblink">weblink 28 September 2007, 18 August 2007, Barrow-in-Furness (borough), Barrow Borough Council, Historically it is part of the hundred of Lonsdale 'north of the sands' in the historic county boundaries of Lancashire.WEB, Lancashire AncC: Historical Boundaries,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071001001412weblink">weblink 1 October 2007, 9 March 2007, A Vision of Britain Through Time,

1974 reorganisation

From the 1974 local government reforms until 2023, the town was within the administrative county of Cumbria. On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolishedWEB,weblink Barrow in Furness Registration District, UKBMD, 31 December 2021, and became an unparished area. It still forms a part of the Duchy of Lancaster. The Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council formed the 'lower' tier of local government under Cumbria County Council.WEB, Draft Statutory Instrument 2004 The Regional Assembly and Local Government Referendums (Date of Referendums, Referendum Question and Explanatory Material) (North West Region) Order 2004,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071001000704weblink">weblink 1 October 2007, 18 August 2007, Office of Public Sector Information, Since the 2011 local election, the Labour Party has had overall control of the borough council, while the Borough elected six Labour and five Conservative Party councillors at the 2017 Cumbria County election. Until 2023 the town, along with Walney Island, was unparished and formed the bulk of the wards which made the entire borough's area. The mayor and deputy mayor of Barrow were elected annually, and held the roles of chairman and vice-chairman of Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council.WEB, Barrow Borough Council – Mayor's Role,weblink 4 March 2017, Barrow Borough Council, The borough and former county borough of Barrow-in-Furness were served by 107 mayors, beginning with Sir James Ramsden in 1867 and continuing through to incumbent 2022 mayor Helen Wall.{| style="margin:0 auto;" class="toccolours" Council/ Electoral wards of Barrow-in-Furness (up to April 2023)Barrow Island | Central | Hawcoat | Hindpool | Newbarns | Ormsgill | Parkside | Risedale | Roosecote | Walney North | Walney South

2023 reorganisation

On 1 April 2023, both Barrow Borough Council and Cumbria County Council ceased to exist when the districts of Barrow, Eden and South Lakeland merged to form Westmorland and Furness. A civil parish was formed named just "Barrow" from the unparished area.Westmorland and Furness (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2022WEB,weblink Barrow, Mapit, 11 November 2023, WEB,weblink Westmorland & Furness Registration District, UKBMD, 11 November 2023, At the same time, ward boundaries within Barrow were redrawn, combining previously independent wards. These include: 'Old Barrow' (comprising the existing Barrow Island, Central and Hindpool wards), Hawcoat and Newbarns, Ormsgill and Parkside, Risedale and Roosecote and Walney Island.

Members of Parliament

The Barrow-in-Furness UK Parliament constituency first came into existence during the 1885 United Kingdom general election, with David Duncan of the Liberal Party becoming the first Member of Parliament (MP) for the town. The seat was won by the Conservative Party in 1892, before being won for the first time by Labour in 1906. In the subsequent 40 years the seat swung between Conservative and Labour, but since 1945 it has been generally considered a Labour safe seat.WEB, Barrow & Furness,weblink 16 September 2013, UK Polling Report, In 1983, the constituency was expanded to include several commuter towns such as Dalton-in-Furness and Ulverston and was renamed Barrow and Furness. It was subsequently won by the Conservatives, with the victory attributed to Labour's stance against the nuclear-powered submarines that were being constructed in Barrow. Following a change in Labour policy the party won Barrow and Furness in 1992. John Woodcock was the MP for the constituency between the 2010 and 2019 general election, when Conservative Simon Fell succeeded as MP for the Borough.

Geography

Barrow is situated at the tip of the Furness peninsula on the north-western edge of Morecambe Bay, south of the Duddon Estuary and east of the Irish Sea. Walney Island, surrounds the peninsula's Irish Sea coast and is separated from Barrow by the narrow Walney Channel. Both Morecambe Bay and the Duddon Estuary are characterized by large areas of quicksand and fast-moving tidal bores. Areas of sand dunes exist on coasts surrounding Barrow, particularly at Roanhead and North Walney. The town centre and major industrial areas sit on a fairly flat coastal shelf, with hillier ground rising to the east of the town, peaking at {{convert|94|m|ft|round=5}} at Yarlside. Barrow sits on soils deposited during the end of the Ice Age, eroded from the mountains of the Lake District National Park, {{convert|10|mi|km|round=5}} to the north-east. Barrow's soils are composed of glacial lake clay and glacial till, while Walney is almost entirely made up of reworked glacial morraine.WEB, May, VJ, Walney Island,weblink 16 July 2015, DEFRA, JOURNAL, Raison, CA, 1999, North Morecambe Terminal, Barrow: pile design for seismic conditions,weblink Proceedings of the ICE - Geotechnical Engineering, 137, 3, 149±163, 10.1680/gt.1999.370304, 1999ICEGE.137..149R, 16 July 2015, Beneath these soils is a sandstone bedrock, from which many of the town's older buildings are constructed.Barrow town centre is located to the north-east of the docks, with suburbs also extending to the north and east, as well as onto Walney. Barrow is the only major urban area in South Cumbria, with the nearest settlements of a similar size being Lancaster and Morecambe. Other towns nearby include Dalton-in-Furness, Askam-in-Furness, Ulverston, Millom, Grange-over-Sands, Kendal and Windermere.File:Barrow-in-Furness Map.png|Map of BarrowFile:Barrow-in-Furness aerial from the south.jpg|Aerial view of Barrow and Walney IslandFile:Ordnance Survey 1-250000 - SD.jpg|Barrow within North West England (top left)

Islands

Most of the town is sheltered from the Irish Sea by Walney Island, a 14 mile (22.5 km) long island connected to the mainland by the bascule type Jubilee bridge. About 13,000 live on the isle's various settlements, mostly in Vickerstown, which was built to house workers in the rapidly expanding shipyard. Another significant island which lay in the Walney Channel was Barrow Island, but following the filling of the channel to create land for the shipyard it is now directly connected to the town. Other islands which lie close to Barrow are Piel Island, whose castle protected the harbour from marauding Scots, Sheep Island, Roa Island and Foulney Island.

Parks and open spaces

There are numerous natural and managed public parks and open spaces within Barrow. Walney North and South Nature Reserves are protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest, as is Sandscale Haws. Formal woodland areas within the town include Hawcoat/Ormsgill Quarry, How Tun Woods, Abbotswood, Barrow Steel Works & Slag Bank and Sowerby Wood. The 45-Acre Barrow Park is the largest and most centrally located man-made park in the town with smaller parks including Channelside Haven, Hindpool Urban Park and Vickerstown Park. There are also 25 council-owned playgrounds and 15 allotments.

Demography

Population

The Barrow council district, which included adjacent urban areas, had a population of 67,407 according to the 2021 census. This is -0.25% less than the 2011 figure and one of only five district which saw a decline in population, although the rate of decline is much lower than the 4% reduction seen between 2001 and 2011.WEB, Census statistics for Barrow-in-Furness 2001,weblink 11 May 2007, National Statistics, NEWS, 16 July 2012, Census 2011: At a glance, BBC News,weblink The Office for National Statistics states Barrow's population as being in long term decline with a projected population of around 65,000 by 2037. This is largely a result of negative net migration although is based on historic trends thus does not take account of investment at BAE Systems and associated substantial job creation.WEB, Table 2: 2012-based Subnational Population Projections for Local Authorities in England,weblink 20 August 2014, Office for National Statistics, The population within the town of Barrow itself was 55,489 as at 2021.

Ethnicity and language

The 2021 census states 95.7% of Barrow's population as White British, and ethnic minority populations in Barrow stood at 4.2%.WEB, Ethnic Group, 2021,weblink 26 November 2023, Office for National Statistics, Other ethnic groups in Barrow include Other White 1.4%, Asian 1.4%, Mixed Race 0.8%, Black 0.5%, Arab 0.1% and all other ethnic groups represented 0.2% of the population. The first people to settle in what is now Barrow were the Celts and Scandinavians followed by the Cornish. Most Barrovians however are descended from migrants from Scotland, Ireland and other parts of England who arrived from the late 19th century onwards. Barrow's Chinese connections were the subject of a documentary on Chinese state television in 2014.WEB, Links Between Barrow and China to be Featured in Film,weblink dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20140817153354weblink">weblink 17 August 2014, 17 August 2014, in-cumbria.com, The programme covered diplomat Li Hongzhang's fact finding mission to the town's steelworks and shipyard in 1896 as well as the 2012 discovery of a hoard of Chinese coins discovered in Barrow dated around a similar time that have been suggested as having been brought over by sailors or labourers. The Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding is a charity with a branch based in Barrow that aims to develop relations with the British Chinese community and the general British population. It was established in 1975 and publishes the quarterly China Eye magazine.In 2021 93.0% of the borough's population was born in England, 2.3% in Scotland, 0.5% in Wales and 0.4% in Northern Ireland. 3.8% of the town's 2021 population were born elsewhere in the world. The five most common foreign countries of birth were the Philippines, India, Nigeria, Germany and Poland.WEB, Country of Birth (detailed), 2021 (TS012),weblink 26 November 2023, According to the 2021 census, 98.4% of Barrovians spoke English as a main language, with Tagalog, the various Chinese dialects and Polish prevailing as the second, third and fourth most common main languages (0.3%, 0.2% and 0.2% of the population respectively). The Tagalog-speaking population represents the second highest of any district in northern England by percentage of the population.WEB, Main Language (detailed), 2021,weblink 26 November 2023,

Religion

{{See also|List of places of worship in Barrow-in-Furness}}File:St James Church, Barrow-in-Furness - geograph.org.uk - 3333247.jpg|thumb|St James' Church, the largest place of worship in Barrow]]In the 2021 census 53.1% of Barrow's population stated themselves as being Christian. People stating no religion or chose not to state totalled 45.5% combined. Other religious groups represented 1.4% of the population, with Islam and Buddhism prevailing as the first and second most common groups.WEB, Religion, 2021,weblink December 1, 2023, Conishead Priory, the first Kadampa Buddhist centre in the west, is home to around 100 Buddhists and is located off the Barrow to Ulverston Coast Road within the South Lakeland district.WEB, Conishead Priory, Ulverston,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070804012408weblink">weblink 4 August 2007, 21 July 2007, AboutUlverston.co.uk, dmy-all, Historically Barrow was home to a notable Ashkenazi Jewish community that peaked in size during the 1930s with a synagogue in the town. Nonetheless, it closed in 1974 and less than 20 Jews were recorded by the 2021 census.WEB, Barrow-in-Furness Jewish Community & Synagogue,weblink 3 August 2015, Jewish Communities and Records,

Economy

File:Audacious Under Construction MOD 45155780.jpg|thumb|left|An Astute-class submarine under-construction inside Devonshire Dock HallDevonshire Dock HallHistorically Barrow's economy was dominated by the manufacturing sector, with the Barrow Hematite Steel Company and Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering being amongst the most important global companies in their respective fields during the 20th century. In the present day, manufacturing remains the largest employment sector in the town. BAE Systems is the single largest employer with around 12,000 employees as at 2024, anticipated to increase by a further 5,000.BAE Workforce 2024 However, like most of the UK, employment trends have greatly diversified since the 20th century and there are no other predominant employment sectors in Barrow.

Shipyard and port

Barrow has played a vital role in global ship and submarine construction for around 150 years. Ottoman submarine Abdül Hamid was built in the town in 1886 and became the first submarine in the world to fire a live torpedo underwater, while oil tanker British Admiral became the first British vessel to exceed 100,000 tonnes when launched in 1965. The vast majority of all current and former Royal Navy submarines were constructed in Barrow as well as numerous Royal Navy Fleet Flagships.(File:HMS Invincible (R05).jpg|thumb|right|{{HMS|Invincible|R05|6}} pictured in Florida in 2004 is one of the most famous ships to have been built in Barrow)The BAE Systems Maritime – Submarines shipyard at Barrow is the largest in the UK by workforce ahead of BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships in Govan. It was expanded in 1986 by construction of a new covered assembly facility, the Devonshire Dock Hall (DDH), completed by Alfred McAlpine, on land that was created by infilling part of the Devonshire Dock with 2.4 million tonnes of sand pumped from nearby Roosecote Sands.The Road to Success: Alfred McAlpine 1935 – 1985 page 174, Tony Gray, Rainbird Publishing, 1987 DDH is the tallest building in Cumbria at 51 m. With a length of {{convert|268|m|ft|abbr=on}}, width of {{convert|51|m|ft|abbr=on}} and an area of {{convert|25000|m2|sqft|}} it is one of the largest shipbuilding construction complex of its kind in Europe.WEB, Taylor, Alison, Marine Marvel,weblink 3 August 2015, The Chartered Quality Institute, 11 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160311033011weblink">weblink dead, The DDH provides a controlled environment for ship and submarine assembly, and avoids the difficulties caused by building on the slope of traditional slipways. Outside the hall, a 24,300 tonne capacity shiplift allows completed vessels to be lowered into the water independently of the tide. Vessels can also be lifted out of the water and transferred to the hall.JOURNAL, BAE Systems, Devonshire Dock Hall (DDH): One of the most advanced Shipbuilding Complexes in the World,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070704111547weblink">weblink 4 July 2007, 3 June 2007, The first use of the DDH was for construction of the {{Sclass|Vanguard|submarine|2}}s, and later vessels of the {{Sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|4}} were also built there. The shipyard is currently constructing the {{Sclass|Astute|submarine|2}}s, the first of which was launched on 8 June 2007.NEWS, 8 June 2007, New UK nuclear submarine launched, BBC News,weblink live, 14 June 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070618113755weblink">weblink 18 June 2007, BAE Systems is currently studying the design of a new class of ballistic missile submarines. BAE Systems also has orders for submarine pressure domes for the Spanish Navy.NEWS, 2 May 2007, BAE lands submarine export order, BBC News,weblink live, 14 June 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070605155840weblink">weblink 5 June 2007, The shipyard has been awarded contracts for the construction of submarines which will carry nuclear missiles in a successor programme to the current Vanguard class containing the Trident system.WEB, Defence boom will create thousands of BAE jobs in Barrow,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304085451weblink">weblink 4 March 2016, 13 March 2014, North West Evening Mail, dmy-all, BAE Systems is investing £300 million in Barrow's shipyard to construct buildings capable of manufacturing and assembling the new class of submarines. This major development is the largest in 25 years at the shipyard and will see thousands of new jobs created, further cementing its place as the UK's largest shipyard and one of the few to have seen continuous contracts since founding over a century ago.In 2023 the governments of the United Kingdom, United States and Australia committed to construction of a new class of nuclear submarine as part of the AUKUS military alliance. The submarines will be designed and predominantly constructed in Barrow securing the shipyards long term future even beyond Vanguard. Submarines to be constructed in Australia will also be based on design principles established in Barrow.File:Return to base - geograph.org.uk - 580030.jpg|thumb|left|Barrow Offshore Wind FarmBarrow Offshore Wind FarmThe most recent surface vessels to be constructed in Barrow were {{Sclass2|Wave|tanker|2}} {{ship|RFA|Wave Knight|A389|6}} and {{Sclass|Albion|landing platform dock|0}} amphibious assault ships {{HMS|Albion|L14|6}} and {{HMS|Bulwark|L15|6}} in the early 2000s when the shipyard was part of BAE Systems Marine division. It also undertook fitting out and commissioning of helicopter carrier {{HMS|Ocean|L12|6}} in the mid-1990s after the ship was built by Kvaerner Govan in Glasgow.Associated British Ports Holdings owns and operates the Port of Barrow which can berth vessels up to {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} long and with a draught of {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The four main docks include Buccleuch Dock, Cavendish Dock, Devonshire Dock and Ramsden Dock, with the latter handling almost all of the port's cargo. Buccleuch and Devonshire Docks are utilised primarily by BAE Systems, while Cavendish Dock the largest by surface area is now a reservoir. Principal traffic includes the export of condensate by-product from the production of gas at the Rampside Gas Terminal, wood pulp and locally quarried limestone which is exported to Scandinavia for use in the paper industry. The port, which has deep water access, also handles the shipment of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste for BNFL's nearby Sellafield plant.WEB, Port of Barrow,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927122945weblink">weblink 27 September 2007, 20 August 2007, Associated British Ports, James Fisher & Sons, a service provider in all sectors of the marine industry and a specialist supplier of engineering services to the nuclear industry in the UK and abroad,WEB, 2005, Welcome to James Fisher,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070828041321weblink">weblink 28 August 2007, 30 August 2007, James Fisher official website, James Fisher and Sons, was founded in Barrow in 1847.NEWS, MacIsaac, Mary, 6 April 2003, With a fair wind blowing there are profits to be made on the high seas, The Scotsman, UK,weblink live, 30 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070810073535weblink">weblink 10 August 2007, Armchair Investor, It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is the largest company to have its headquarters in Cumbria.NEWS, Barrow Company's Profits Soar by 11 Percent, Whitehaven News,weblink dead, 5 March 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150608051838weblink">weblink 8 June 2015, Annual revenue stood at £307 million in 2012 (up 15% from £268 million in 2011), as well as staff numbers standing at over 1,500 worldwide, with 120 of those in the Barrow headquarters.NEWS, 29 August 2007, Jobs Hope as Fisher Booms, North West Evening Mail,weblink 30 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926212059weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, Numerous vessels are registered at the Port of Barrow, with the majority being owned by James Fisher & Sons and International Nuclear Services/Pacific Nuclear Transport Limited.

Energy generation

File:North Walney Beach - geograph.org.uk - 209770.jpg|thumb|West Shore Beach at Earnse Bay with Black CombeBlack CombeIn 1899 Barrow Corporation built and operated the coal-fired Barrow-in-Furness power station in Buccleugh Street adjacent to the railway line. This eventually had a generating capacity of 23 MW; it was decommissioned in 1960.BOOK, Garrett, Frederick, Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56, Electrical Press, 1959, London, A-30, Roosecote power station was a 120 MW coal-fired generating station commissioned in 1953, it was later converted to gas firing and closed in 1986. A 120 MW combined cycle gas turbine station was commissioned in 1991, it was closed in 2012. From 2018 the site has been the location of 49 MW battery storage facility.WEB, Battery storage plant to supply power,weblink 9 October 2020, centrica, In 1985, gas was discovered in Morecambe Bay, and to this day the products have been processed onshore at Rampside Gas Terminal in south Barrow.WEB, About Us,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070906181440weblink">weblink 6 September 2007, 21 July 2007, Centrica Gas, dmy-all, The complex is operated jointly Spirit Energy. Directly adjacent to Rampside Gas Terminal is Roosecote Power Station which was the first CCGT power station to supply electricity to the United Kingdom's National Grid. Although originally coal-fired, the station became gas-fired until it was mothballed in 2015.In 2023 with gas reserves in Morecambe Bay depleting, Spirit Energy revealed plans to utilise the former gas fields as a carbon storage cluster capable of storing a gigaton of carbon dioxide. It is anticipated that carbon emitted from industrial uses across the north will be transported via both pipelines and ships.WEB,weblink Spirit Energy Launches Plan for Carbon Storage Cluster, Spirit Energy, 25 August 2023, Barrow and its wider urban area form part of 'Britain's Energy Coast',WEB, ACTING LOCALLY, THINKING GLOBALLY,weblink 25 June 2011, Britain's Energy Coast, and has one of the highest concentrations of wind farms in the world, the vast majority are located offshore and have been built during the early 2010s. All four of these wind farms are located off the coast of Walney Island, including the 189 turbine Walney Wind Farm, 108 turbine West Duddon wind farm, 30 turbine Barrow Offshore Wind Farm and 30 turbine Ormonde Wind Farm. Walney Wind Farm was the largest offshore wind farm in the world upon completion, in 2015 it received government consent to be trebled in size. DONG Energy and Scottish Power maintain a wind farm operations base with 30 full-time staff members at the Port of Barrow.WEB, New £4 Million Wind Farm Operations Base in Barrow Seeks Skilled Workers,weblink 8 July 2014, Scottish Power, Sellafield and Heysham nuclear power stations are also located within {{convert|25|mi|km}} of Barrow.

Tourism and leisure

File:Giraffes south lakes wild animal park.jpg|thumb|left|South Lakes Safari ZooSouth Lakes Safari ZooAlthough it is at the end of a peninsula, Barrow is only around 20 minutes from the Lake District,WEB, Barrow in Furness,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071011092642weblink">weblink 11 October 2007, 14 August 2007, totaltravel.com, Barrow has been referred to as a "gateway to the lakes" and "where the lakes meets the sea",WEB, 17 February 2007, Half Term Fun for the Kids Just on the Doorstep,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926210914weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, 14 August 2007, North West Evening Mail, a status which could be enhanced by the new marina complex and planned cruise ship terminal.WEB, November 2005, November 2005 – Executive Committee Agenda,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928030709weblink">weblink 28 September 2007, 14 August 2007, Barrow Borough Council, 5, DOC, dmy-all, Barrow itself has several tourist attractions that support just over 1,000 jobs; the town saw a higher growth in tourist expenditure during the 2000s than Cumbria as a whole and had about 2.3 million overnight stays during 2008.WEB, Cumbria Local Economic Assessment,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140416145143weblink">weblink 16 April 2014, 6 April 2013, Cumbria Observatory, Barrow's most popular free-entry tourist attraction is the Dock Museum. The museum tells the history of Barrow (including the steelworks industry, the shipyard and the Barrow Blitz), as well as offering gallery space to local artists and schoolchildren. It is built upon and around an old graving dock.WEB, Barrow Dock Museum,weblink 14 August 2007, Enjoy Cumbria, BBC, Walney Island has two world-renowned nature reserves (the 130 hectare (0.5 sq mi) South Walney Nature ReserveWEB, South Walney,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110903122209weblink">weblink 3 September 2011, 2 September 2011, Cumbria Wildlife Trust, dmy-all, and the 650 hectare (2.5 sq mi) North Walney Nature Reserve).WEB, North Walney: what makes it special?,weblink 2 September 2011, Natural England, Both nature reserves have Site of Special Scientific Interest designation, as do the Duddon Estuary and Sandscale Haws to the north of the borough. Barrow has a number of beaches which are popular in the summer with sunbathers, kitesurfers and caravanners. They include Earnse Bay, Biggar Bank, Roanhead and Rampside. The first two of these provide views of the Isle of Man and Anglesey on exceptionally clear days. The wider borough has more than 60 km of coastline.WEB, Beaches,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110724154537weblink">weblink 24 July 2011, 6 April 2013, Barrow Borough Council, The Park Leisure Centre is a fitness suite with a pool, set in the {{convert|45|acre|ha|adj=on}} Barrow Park.WEB, Barrow-in-Furness Tourist Information,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070828073226weblink">weblink 28 August 2007, 25 August 2007, AboutBritain.com, The historic ruins of Furness Abbey and Piel Castle, which are both managed by English Heritage, are also popular tourist destinations. South Lakes Safari Zoo is one of Europe's leading conservation zoos and has been voted Cumbria's best tourist attraction in five non-consecutive years although it has a checkered history; it lies within the borough of Barrow-in-Furness on the outskirts of Dalton. The zoo underwent a multi-million pound expansion during the mid-2010s. It now holds thousands of animals and covers an area of {{Convert|51|acres}} making it one of the Northern England's largest such parks.WEB, South Lakes Wild Animal Park,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110719164425weblink">weblink 19 July 2011, 2 September 2011, Visit Cumbria, dmy-all, File:The White House And The Castle.jpg|thumb|right|Piel Island and castle are a popular attraction in Barrow]]The town centre is home to a large indoor marketNEWS, van der Zee, Bibi, 7 August 2007, Pitch Perfect, Part Two, The Guardian, London,weblink dead, 27 July 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070702120519weblink">weblink 2 July 2007, WEB, 7 March 2007, Barrow Borough Council – Barrow Markets,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070824210003weblink">weblink 24 August 2007, 27 July 2007, Barrow Borough Council, and Portland Walk Shopping Centre, the latter previously hosting a number of major national retailers although many have since vacated.WEB, Shopping and Town Centre,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070911122313weblink">weblink 11 September 2007, 23 September 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, Barrow has many retail and leisure parks for a town of its size, including Cornmill Crossing, Cornerhouse Retail Park, Hollywood Park, Hindpool Retail Park and Walney Road Retail Park.WEB, Exploring the Area around Barrow-in-Furness,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070911222136weblink">weblink 11 September 2007, 23 September 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, WEB, 24 Hour Shopping,weblink 30 August 2007, Barrow. Furness.co.uk, Furness Enterprise Ltd., Between them they host a number of supermarkets, electrical, home furnishing, clothing and discount stores, gyms, restaurants and Cumbria's largest cinema. Other modern visitor attractions in Barrow include Lazer Zone in Hindpool Road's former Custom House and a similar Lazer Quest, escape room and play centre in the former Hitchens building on Buccleuch Street.

Regeneration and redevelopment

(File:BAE Central Yard Facility.jpg|thumb|right|The Central Yard Facility, photographed in September 2018, is at the centre of BAE Systems' £300 million redevelopment)File:Abbey Road and Holker Street, Barrow.PNG|thumb|Duke of Edinburgh Hotel and Emlyn Hughes HouseEmlyn Hughes HouseUrban regeneration has been ongoing in Barrow since the 1990s. Portland Walk Shopping Centre opened in 1998 anchored by Debenhams as part of a major reconstruction of Barrow town centre. Around the same time the Hindpool Retail Parks and Dock Museum were constructed over various former industrial sites in Barrow, including the dry dock, the Barrow Jute Works and the Barrow Steel Works.WEB, Barrow Dock Museum,weblink 16 July 2015, BBC Cumbria, Recent construction projects in the town also include the £43 million expansion of Furness College's Channelside campus,WEB, New build,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130701184904weblink">weblink 1 July 2013, 26 June 2013, Furness College, £22.5 million Furness Academy new build,WEB, Furness Academy's £22.5 million vision to finally become reality,weblink dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20130628032403weblink">weblink 28 June 2013, 26 June 2013, North West Evening Mail, £14.5 million central Barrow flood relief scheme,WEB, Barrow DG5 Flood Relief Scheme,weblink 8 July 2014, waterprojectsonline.coml, 15 December 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131215141530weblink">weblink dead, £8.5 million Barrow police station,WEB, Multi million pound plans for Barrow police station revealed,weblink dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20130628032342weblink">weblink 28 June 2013, 26 June 2013, North West Evening Mail, £5 million town centre redevelopment scheme,WEB, Barrow town centre scheme on schedule,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130506111214weblink">weblink 6 May 2013, 26 June 2013, Capita Symonds, £4 million Scottish Power wind farm operations centre as well as the North Central Renewal Area, shake up of the town's residential and retirement homes and a number of large-scale hotel schemes catering for the influx of contractors working for BAE Systems (namely Holiday Inn Express, Premier Inn and Wetherspoon).WEB, North Central Renewal Area,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140714202300weblink">weblink 14 July 2014, 26 June 2013, Barrow Borough Council, The Waterfront is an ambitious ongoing £200 million dockland regeneration project, which began in 2007. The project includes a new Barrow Marina Village which will incorporate an £8 million 400-berth marina, 650 homes, restaurants, shops, hotels and a new state of the art bridge across Cavendish Dock. A large watersports centre is also proposed, with the possibility of a cruise ship terminal. Some cruise ships are already scheduled to dock in Barrow, mainly for tourists to visit the Lake District, although there is no official cruise ship terminal yet.WEB, Little-Known Barrow Plans British Fanfare for Princess Cruise Passengers,weblink 16 July 2015, Cruise Critic, Developments have stalled since 2010 when the Northwest Regional Development Agency was disbanded and essential government funding was lost. Despite this Barrow Borough Council has since purchased land needed to make the development a reality and currently controls 95% of the site.WEB, Work on Barrow's Marina Vision Could Begin 'Within Three Years',weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140911212037weblink">weblink 11 September 2014, 11 September 2014, North West Evening Mail, The executive director of the council has stated construction of the Waterfront could resume by 2017 as economic prospects improve and has pledged funds to conduct a market testing exercise. The allocation of Growth Deal investment (2014–2021) will make improvements to the Barrow Waterfront Enterprise Zone far more secure, whilst the project also received Levelling Up funding in 2022. In 2014 a £300 million investment into the shipyard was announced by BAE Systems, in anticipation of the new generation of UK nuclear submarines. Construction will take up to eight years and create thousands of new jobs at the shipyard thereafter. Amongst proposals are an extension to the DDH complex and new buildings in the central yard area off Bridge Road on Barrow Island (a site formerly mooted for a huge construction hall for the construction of Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier sections which the yard failed to win contracts for), these will house pressure hull units ready for shot blasting and painting, and be a place for joining submarine equipment modules.WEB, BAE Systems Development will change Barrow skyline,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140313165418weblink">weblink 13 March 2014, 13 March 2014, North West Evening Mail, Redevelopment of the 5.8 hectare central yard area was completed in 2018 and is dominated by the Central Yard Complex Facility which measures {{convert|178|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|94|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|41|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, only 10% smaller than the volume of the pre-expansion Devonshire Dock Hall.Other large-scale developments associated with BAE include a {{convert|30,000|sqm|sqft|abbr=on}} logistics centre which was constructed in the Waterfront Business Park in 2015 and a {{convert|8,100|sqm|sqft|abbr=on}} central training facility which is proposed at Buccleuch Dock Road.

Other

Other major employers include the National Health Service, through Furness General Hospital, which employs 1,800 staff,WEB, Cumbria Prosperity Priorities Summit held on 2 April 2004,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927121818weblink">weblink 27 September 2007, 20 August 2007, North West Regional Assembly, DOC, dmy-all, the Kimberly Clark paper mill, which has 400 employees,WEB, Furness Enterprise – Fast Moving Consumer Goods,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070929040235weblink">weblink 29 September 2007, 20 August 2007, Furness Enterprise, dmy-all, BAE Systems' Land and Armaments division, Furness Building Society which is one of the 20 largest of its kind, Cumbria County Council and Barrow Borough Council. Amongst many retailers that have established themselves in Barrow, the furniture store Stollers is noted as being one of the largest shops of its kind in the UK.

Employment

File:Craven House, office block - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|Craven House is headquarters of James Fisher & Sons, the only Barrow company on the London Stock ExchangeLondon Stock Exchange File:Tesco Barrow, Cumbria.jpg|thumb|right|TescoTescoAccording to the 2011 census, 78.2% of males aged 16–64 and females aged 16–59 in Barrow were economically active. This figure is higher than the North West and England averages.WEB, Key Figures for Economic Deprivation,weblink 1 May 2013, Office for National Statistics, 73.8% of the population was employed, which again is higher than regional and national averages; the unemployment rate stood at 5.6% which is lower than both averages. Despite this the percentage of people claiming key benefits, which is independent of the unemployment figure, is much higher than both averages at 21.0%, or almost a quarter of all Barrovians of working age. The most common form of benefit received was the Incapacity Benefit, claimed by 11.0% of the adult population, while 4.0% claimed Jobseeker's Allowance, which is on a par with the national average.The list below shows how many people were employed in certain sectors according to the 2011 census. Little change occurred between the 2001 and 2011 census; Barrow still has a much higher percentage of workers in the manufacturing sector than the national average, ranking third in 2011 behind Corby, Northamptonshire and Pendle, Lancashire.WEB, Area: Barrow-in-Furness (Local Authority),weblink 4 July 2013, statistics.gov.uk, 8 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150608060712weblink">weblink dead, WEB, 5 June 2013, 170 Years of Industrial Change across England and Wales,weblink 22 April 2014, Office for National Statistics, The percentage working in manufacturing has increased further during the 2010s given thousands of new roles created at the shipyard in association with the Trident renewal programme.South West Cumbria has one of the UK's most self-contained workforces, and Barrow itself has the sixth lowest proportion of people who travel outside of the country for work.WEB, 2011 Census Analysis – Distance Travelled to Work,weblink 22 June 2015, Office for National Statistics, In 2001, 76% of the working age population in Barrow commuted within {{convert|5|km}} for work, when compared to the England average of 54%.WEB, Distance Travelled to Work – Workplace Population, 2001 (UV80),weblink 22 June 2015, Office for National Statistics, 23 June 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150623002626weblink">weblink dead, A significant proportion of the town's population are employed at the Sellafield nuclear facility.

• Manufacturing: 6,570 employed (21.0% of the town's working population)
• Wholesale and retail trade: 4,728 (15.1%)
• Human health and social work: 4,539 (14.5%)
• Construction: 2,387 (7.6%)
• Education: 2,381 (7.6%)
• Accommodation and food service activities: 1,962 (6.3%)
• Public administration and defence: 1,913 (6.1%)
• Transport and storage: 1,296 (4.1%)
• Administrative and support service: 1,055 (3.4%)
• Professional, scientific and technical: 1,000 (3.2%)
• Information and communication: 496 (1.6%)
• Financial and insurance: 492 (1.6%)
• Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply: 441 (1.4%)
• Water supply: 264 (0.8%)
• Real estate: 221 (0.7%)
• Mining and quarrying: 165 (0.5%)
• Agriculture, forestry and fishing: 122 (0.4%)
• Other: 1,225 (3.9%)

Transport

Road

File:Crook Scar - geograph.org.uk - 160218.jpg|thumb|right|Walney BridgeWalney BridgeBarrow's principal road link is the A590. This runs to Barrow from the M6 motorway via Ulverston, skirting the southern Lake District.WEB, Barrow area map,weblink 26 August 2007, Google Maps, Google Maps, Flash, Just north of Barrow is the southern end of the A595, linking the town to West Cumbria. The A5087 connects Barrow's southern suburbs to Ulverston via a scenic coastal route. Abbey Road is the principal road through central Barrow, whilst Walney Bridge connects Barrow Island to Walney Island.The possibility of a bridge link over Morecambe Bay is occasionally raised, and feasibility studies have been carried out.NEWS, Hetherington, Peter, 19 May 2004, Council gives thumbs up to 12 mile (19 km) bridge for Morecambe Bay, The Guardian, London,weblink 9 March 2007,

Bus

Bus services within the town are operated by Stagecoach North West. There is no specifically designated bus station, although many bus routes start and end near the town hall. The original bus station, since demolished, was known for its role in a 1970s television commercial for Chewits sweets.WEB, Barrow Chewits ad,weblink 17 July 2007, BBC Cumbria, As well as local suburban and village services, longer-distance buses run to Ulverston, Millom, Bowness, Windermere and Kendal.

Rail

File:Barrow-in-Furness Station, Cumbria.jpg|thumb|left|Barrow-in-Furness railway station viewed from Abbey Road ]]Barrow-in-Furness railway station provides connections to Whitehaven, Workington and Carlisle to the north, via the Cumbrian Coast Line, and to Ulverston, Grange-over-Sands and Lancaster to the east, via the Furness Line – both of which connect to the West Coast Mainline. Numerous daily trains run to Manchester. The station handles over 600,000 passengers annually. Barrow has a second railway station, Roose, which serves the suburb of the same name.Furness Abbey, Barrow's third main line station, closed in 1950. There was also a station on Barrow Island, for commuters between the shipyard and nearby towns served by the Furness Railway. This railway link was severed in 1966 when the famous cradle bridge across the docks was closed permanently for safety reasons. There were also stations at Piel, Rabbit Hill, Rampside, Ramsden Dock and Strand.Between 1885 and 1932, the Barrow-in-Furness Tramways Company operated a double-decker tram service over several miles, primarily around central Barrow, Barrow Island and Hindpool.

Air

Barrow/Walney Island Airport (IATA airport code: BWF, ICAO: EGNL) is a former commercial airport and Royal Air Force base currently owned by BAE Systems which operates two Beechcraft King Air B200 and one B250 aircraft which fly to various destinations across the UK every weekday, including Bristol, Glasgow, London and Manchester. The airport's runways take on a triangular form, the longest runway is almost {{convert|4000|ft|m}}. The airport was expanded by BAE in 2018 including the construction of a new terminal building, hangar and control tower.Manchester Airport is the closest major airport, with direct links to Barrow railway station and about two hours away by road.In 2018 a heliport was built on a site adjacent to Park Road, Ormsgill for energy firm Ørsted and to support the offshore energy sector.

Sea

Despite being one of the UK's leading shipbuilding centres, the Associated British Ports' Port of Barrow is only a minor port. Historically, the Isle of Man Steam Packet and the Barrow Steam Navigation Company (a subsidiary of the Furness Railway and later London, Midland and Scottish Railway) operated a number of steamers and passenger ferry services between Rampside and Ramsden Dock and Ardrossan (Scotland), Belfast (Northern Ireland), Blackpool, Douglas (Isle of Man), Fleetwood and Heysham.WEB, Go Anywhere On a Boat From Barrow,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150112185109weblink">weblink 12 January 2015, 11 January 2015, North West Evening Mail, All services had ceased operation by the mid-20th century.For a short period during the early 1880s, transatlantic travel was possible from the town. The Anchor Line operated a fortnightly service utilising three of its steamships, Alexandria, Caledonia and Columbia, between Barrow and New York City via Dublin. There are proposals to construct a cruise ship terminal in Barrow as part of the Waterfront redevelopment project.NEWS, 22 July 2005, Town chosen for cruise ship terminal, BBC,weblink 15 June 2007,

Sport

File:Holkerstreetmainstand.jpg|thumb|Holker StreetHolker Street

Football

Barrow are in EFL League Two, the fourth tier of English football and are the town's only professional sports team.WEB, Sports in Barrow and Furness,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070828161827weblink">weblink 28 August 2007, 19 August 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, The team, founded in 1901, are nicknamed the Bluebirds and play their home games at the Holker Street stadium.WEB, Barrow Football Club,weblink 19 August 2007, BBC, The side were members of the Football League until they failed to be re-elected in 1972. In 1990, they won the FA Trophy beating Leek Town 3–0 in the final at Wembley Stadium, London.WEB, The FA Trophy,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070823063143weblink">weblink 23 August 2007, 19 August 2007, Napit.co.uk, Twenty years later, on 8 May 2010, Barrow repeated the feat, beating Stevenage Borough 2–1 after extra time.WEB, Walker wins it for hometown Barrow,weblink 8 May 2010, TheFA.com, After 48 years in non-league football, Barrow were crowned champions of the National League on 17 June 2020, sealing their return to the Football League.Football players born in Barrow include England internationals Emlyn HughesNEWS, 11 November 2004, Emlyn Hughes Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, London,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080116122612weblink">weblink dead, 16 January 2008, 8 July 2007, and Gary Stevens,WEB, Pike, Richard, Poutianinen, Marko, 1999, Stevens, Gary 1981–88,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070611233558weblink">weblink 11 June 2007, 8 July 2007, Hall of Fame, ToffeeWeb, as well as Harry Hadley,{{Englandstats|ref=y|280|Harry Hadley|access-date=21 July 2007}} and Vic Metcalfe.{{Englandstats|ref=y|705|Vic Metcalfe|access-date=7 August 2007}}Of current professional footballers, Georgia Stanway of Bayern Munich, Wayne Curtis,NEWS, 21 May 2007, Wayne makes Wembley History, North West Evening Mail, CN Group,weblink 7 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926211331weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, Morecambe striker, Bolton Wanderers midfielder George Thomason and Iran Under-20 and Hibernian winger Shana HajiWEB, Dastafshan, Afshin, Shana Haji, the first Iranian player in Scotland,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927010053weblink">weblink 27 September 2007, 21 June 2007, Persian Mirror, dmy-all, hail from the town.Holker Old Boys, based at Rakesmoor Lane, are an amateur football team that play in the North West Counties Football League Division One.

Rugby

File:Craven Park, Barrow.jpg|thumb|left|Craven Park, the home of Barrow Raiders]]The town is considered one of rugby league's traditional heartlands at semi-professional and amateur levels.NEWS, Wilson, Andy, 16 October 1997, RUGBY LEAGUE: CARLISLE MERGER SIGNALS RETHINK, 27, The Guardian, UK, Now Carlisle's decision to move in with Barrow, a traditional hotbed of league where the amateur game remains as strong as ever, may be followed by a new club from South Wales entering Super League next year., Barrow Raiders, the town's semi-professional team, whose home games are at Craven Park, currently operate in the second-tier RFL Championship.WEB, Barrow Raiders promoted to the Betfred Championship,weblink Rugby-League.com, 3 March 2022, In the 1950s the side played in three Challenge Cup finals, winning the last of these against Workington Town. In the 1997 reorganisation of the sport the original Barrow RLFC team merged with Carlisle Border Raiders to form Barrow Border Raiders,NEWS, Wilson, Andy, 16 October 1997, RUGBY LEAGUE: CARLISLE MERGER SIGNALS RETHINK, 27, The Guardian, UK, CARLISLE and Barrow have decided to merge into a new club, Barrow Border Raiders, with repercussions extending well beyond the Second Division and Cumbria., with the word "border" later dropped. Players who were born in the town and played at a professional level include brothers AdeNEWS, 27 April 2007, Gardner out for indefinite period, BBC News,weblink live, 21 July 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070711031424weblink">weblink 11 July 2007, and Mat GardnerNEWS, Burke, David, 11 March 2006, A Welcome MAT for My Mate ADE; HUDDERSFIELD GIANTS V ST HELENS, TOMORROW, KICK-OFF 3 pm, 57, Daily Mirror, Mirror Group Newspapers, UK, Mat, brought up in Barrow with Ade, said: "It's always been a dream of mine to play against my elder brother and this could be the time it becomes a reality. There's also a big chance we could be meeting head-on on the wing and that would be fantastic. I was pleased with my performance at Wakefield Trinity, I just hope Jon Sharp was pleased too – that's obviously the key to me playing against Saints.", and Willie Horne.WEB, 26 January 2006, Vickerstown Cricket Club, Walney,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926211104weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, 21 June 2007, North West Evening Mail, The latter captained Barrow to their Challenge Cup victory and represented Great Britain at an international level. He was inducted into the "Barrow Hall of Fame" along with former Barrow players Phil Jackson and Jimmy Lewthwaite.WEB, Fagan, Sean, Rugby League History – Interview with Phil Jackson,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060511184546weblink">weblink 11 May 2006, 4 August 2007, RL1908.com, At an amateur level, eight rugby league teams participate in the Barrow & District League. They include Askam, Barrow Island, Dalton, Hindpool, Millom, Roose Pioneers, Ulverston and Walney.

Golf

Barrow is home to two large golf clubs. Barrow Golf Club, founded in 1922, is in Hawcoat and covers some {{convert|6209|yd|m|}} with 18 holes.WEB, Barrow Golf Club,weblink www.englishgolf-courses.co.uk, Furness Golf Club, founded in 1872, is the sixth oldest golf club in England and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is located on Walney Island, just {{convert|50|yd|m|}} from the Irish Sea. It also offers an 18-hole course, a shop and other facilities.WEB, Furness Golf Club,Barrow In Furness,Cumbria,England,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080517135054weblink">weblink 17 May 2008, 10 May 2008, www.golftoday.co.uk, dmy-all, The Furness Golf Centre is located on the outskirts of Barrow close to Roanhead and is home to a 14-bay driving range, golf shop, swing studio and the Fairway Hotel.WEB, Fairway Hotel and Furness Golf Centre,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130404005520weblink">weblink 4 April 2013, 6 April 2013, Fairway Hotel, The hoaxer Maurice Flitcroft, known as the "world's worst golfer" lived and worked in the town.BOOK, Murray, Scott, The Phantom of the Open: Maurice Flitcroft, The World's Worst Golfer, Farnaby, Simon, 2011, Yellow Jersey Press, 978-0224083171,

Motor sports

Barrow has staged speedway racing at three venues since the pioneer days in the late 1920s. The first track was at Holker Street. This venue had a revival for a short spell in the early to mid-1970s being utilised by the short-lived Barrow Bombers. In 1930 the sport moved to Little Park but this a somewhat hazy venue. The sport had a revival in 1978 at Park Avenue Industrial Estate but this was relatively short lived.

Bike racing

Barrow has produced a number of noteworthy motorcyclists throughout the years, such as Manx Grand Prix winner Eddie Crooks, TT Rider Dan Stewart, Speedway ace Adam Roynon and multiple British Sandtrack Champion John Pepper.

Karting

Kart racer Kristian BrierleyWEB, Kristian Brierley | Karting Mag,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180810144546weblink">weblink 10 August 2018, 21 January 2019, dmy-all, received national attention after successfully winning the internationally televised TKM Karting Festival in 2015.WEB, Askam speedster earns national karting title,weblink The Mail, 2 September 2015, He followed this up by winning the opening round of the British Championship in 2016 and ultimately went on to finish the season in 6th place.Multiple other 'Barrovians' have also competed at national level in karting such as Max Davis, Daniel Pepper,WEB, Kirkby karter Dan revved up for shot at Super-stardom,weblink The Mail, 18 January 2016, Kieran Pepper, Mark Fell, Oliver Dilks and Jake Calvert.WEB, Barrow teenager is the karting king of Britain,weblink The Mail, September 2015, In 2020 Max Davies became the first person from the Barrow area to be selected to represent Team GB at the ROK World Finals where he finished 29th overall out of 75 competitors from 25 competing countries, he was also the youngest member of Team GB to compete that year.WEB,weblink Senior results 2020, vortex-rok.com, 25 August 2023, In 2021 Max Davies was selected for Team GB again as was fellow 'Barrovian' Daniel Pepper after Pepper had finished that years British championship in 2nd with Davies placing in 3rd.Pepper's 2nd place finish in the 2021 British Championship gave him the highest placed seeding of a Barrow born driver in the 21st century, breaking the record of his own brother Kieran Pepper who had been seeded 3rd the previous year.Mark Fell remains the only driver from the Barrow area to have won a British Championship which dates back to the early 1990s.

Other sports

Barrow is home to the Walney Terriers American Football club, formed in 2011 the club originally trained at Memorial Fields on Walney Island before establishing training grounds elsewhere in Barrow and Ulverston. The Terriers play in the North West conference of the BAFA's National League alongside the likes of the Manchester Titans and Merseyside Nighthawks.One of the town's most notable annual sporting events is the Keswick to Barrow (K2B), a {{convert|40|mi|km|adj=on|sigfig=1}} walking and running event that has taken place every year since 1967 between Keswick and Barrow. The event has raised millions for charity and regularly sees in excess of 3,000 participants.WEB, About The Walk,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130219014716weblink">weblink 19 February 2013, 3 May 2013, Keswick to Barrow, Barrow Born Orienteer and Fell Runner Carl Hill was selected to carry the olympic torch for a stage through Morecambe in the buildup to the 2012 summer Olympics. He was nominated for this honor by his father David Hill who was proud of his sons accomplishments in running for England and Great Britain in Orienteering whilst also provided a large portion of his time to getting kids into sport.

Culture

Barrow, although one of the country's smallest local authorities, contains a wealth of natural and built heritage assets, which includes 274 Listed Buildings and four SSSIs. The 2016 Heritage Index formed by the Royal Society of Arts and the Heritage Lottery Fund placed the borough as sixth highest of 325 English districts for 'assets' with especially high scores relating to nationally important landscape and natural heritage assets and industrial heritage assets.WEB, Explore the Heritage Index for England,weblink 13 July 2019, The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce,

Architecture

{{See also|Listed buildings in Barrow-in-Furness|List of tallest buildings and structures in Barrow-in-Furness}}{{Panorama }}{{Panorama }}(File:Barrowterracota.png|thumb|right|Red brick and terracotta were popular building materials at the turn of the 20th century in Barrow – a style which is imitated to this day)Barrow is one of Britain's few planned towns, and the spacious tree-lined avenues within the oldest parts of the town (including Central Barrow, Hindpool and Salthouse) are more akin to the layout of a much larger city.WEB, Destination guide for Barrow-in-Furness,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070711101803weblink">weblink 11 July 2007, 8 August 2007, Enjoy England, The town centre is distinguished by its Victorian and Edwardian era civic buildings, such as the Town Hall, Main Public Library, former Technical School, former Central Fire Station, Salvation Army Building, Custom House, National Westminster Bank, The Duke of Edinburgh Hotel, St. George's Church, St. Mary's RC Church and St. James' Church. Oppositely, several distinctive buildings have been demolished in Barrow since the mid-20th century as a result of neglect or war damage, amongst the most iconic are Abbots Wood, Barrow Central Railway Station, Infield House, North Lonsdale Hospital, Scotch Buildings and the Waverley Hotel. Lancaster architects Sharpe, Paley and Austin were prolific throughout the development of Barrow. A number of Barrow's landmark buildings were constructed from locally sourced sandstone, evident from the high number of brown and red coloured stone buildings in the town. Similar materials were used in a number of local buildings in the early 20th century, and often accompanied by terracotta. There are also an increasing number of modern office buildings as well as the shipyard's construction halls which dominate much of Barrow's skyline. Despite much of Barrow having been constructed from the late 19th to mid 20th centuries, architectural styles vary greatly across the town from the Art Deco John Whinnerah Institute to the Byzantine style St. John's Church, Neo-Elizabethan Abbey House and Tudor Revival Vickerstown estate.Barrow has 8 Grade I listed buildings, 15 Grade II* and 249 Grade II buildings. The majority of Grade I listed buildings and structures are in and around the Furness Abbey complex while many Grade II* listed buildings in the town are 19th century tenements on Barrow Island including the Devonshire Buildings.WEB, Listed Buildings,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070928030802weblink">weblink 28 September 2007, 16 August 2007, Barrow Borough Council, There are a number of Conservation Areas across Barrow named as such for their architectural or historical significance, they include Barrow Island, Biggar, Central Barrow, Furness Abbey, North Scale, North and South Vickerstown and St. George's Square.WEB, Conservation Areas in the Borough,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121123213335weblink">weblink 23 November 2012, 9 June 2013, Barrow Borough Council, Historically Barrow's skyline was dominated by shipyard cranes and industrial chimneys, although little evidence of this remains in the present day with the last hammerhead crane – the iconic yellow crane of Buccleuch Dock – being dismantled in 2011, despite calls for listing status like the smaller Titan Clydebank in Glasgow. The tallest building in Barrow is Devonshire Dock Hall at {{convert|51|m|ft|0}}. Also worthy of note are the turbines of Ormonde Wind Farm located just off the coast of Barrow which stand at {{convert|152|m|ft|0}}.In terms of housing, the majority of dwellings in Barrow are Victorian terraces. At 47.0% of local housing stock in 2011, the figure is much higher than England's average of 24.5%. 29.7% of dwellings are semi-detached, 12.09% detached and 10.2% flats, maisonettes or apartments.WEB, Accommodation Type – Households, 2011,weblink 9 April 2013, Office for National Statistics, 30 July 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130730234345weblink">weblink dead, Great variety in housing styles is a feature across central Barrow, Barrow Island, Hindpool, and Vickerstown. Most were built around a grid design in accordance with plans drawn up by James Ramsden.

Arts

Music

Barrow has produced several musical performers of note. They include Thomas Round, a singer and actor in D'Oyly Carte productions of Savoy OperaWEB, Thomas Round,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060903104943weblink">weblink 3 September 2006, 7 August 2007, Boise State University, as well as Glenn Cornick, the original bass guitarist in the rock band Jethro Tull.WEB, Glenn Cornick,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070815135747weblink">weblink 15 August 2007, 7 August 2007, The Official Jethro Tull Website, Paul MacKenzie, bass player with 1980s Preston-based thrash metal band Xentrix, is from Barrow.WEB, Metalist Magazine,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110716200952weblink">weblink 16 July 2011, 10 January 2009, More recently, hip-hop DJ and record producer Aim has had considerable commercial success.NEWS, Sue, David, 23 June 2006, Superstar DJ continues to Aim high, Manchester Evening News, Guardian Media Group,weblink 7 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070930165611weblink">weblink 30 September 2007,

Expressive arts

Several notables in Art and Literature have come from Barrow. Artist Keith Tyson, the 2002 Turner Prize winner, was born in nearby Ulverston, attended the Barrow-in-Furness College of Engineering and worked at the then VSEL shipyard.WEB, Keith Tyson Biography,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110629202045weblink">weblink 29 June 2011, 4 August 2007, British Council, Constance Spry, the author and florist who revolutionised interior design in the 1930s, and 1940s, moved to the town with her son Anthony during World War I to work as a welfare supervisor.WEB, Constance Spry / Florist, Author + Social Reformer (1886–1960),weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070806082527weblink">weblink 6 August 2007, 4 August 2007, Design Museum, Peter Purves, later a Blue Peter presenter, began his acting career with 2 years as a member of the Renaissance Theatre Company at the town's Her Majesty's Theatre.WEB, Peter Purves in the Theatre,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070911234336weblink">weblink 11 September 2007, 4 August 2007, peterpurves.com, During the mid-20th century, Barrow contained a wealth of theatres/cinemas including the Coliseum, Electric Theatre, Essoldo, Her Majesty's Theatre, Hippodrome, Pavilion, Ritz, Roxy, Royalty Theatre and Tivoli. All but the Pavilion and Roxy have since been demolished, most recently in 2004 with the demolition of the Apollo (formerly the Ritz). The Canteen Media & Arts Centre – known simply as "The Canteen" – and The Forum are now the main venues for theatre, while the Vue Cinema in Hollywood Park is the only cinema in the town.

Literature

• Barrow and Vickerstown on Walney Island featured in children's book series The Railway Series, which developed into the show Thomas the Tank Engine, as the point where the fictional Island of Sodor connected to mainland Britain and the national rail network.WEB, Thomas the Tank Engine books,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070921151657weblink">weblink 21 September 2007, 25 August 2007, Storybook England, dmy-all,

• A number of the Lake Poets have referred to locations in present day Barrow: for example, William Wordsworth's 1805 autobiographical poem The Prelude describes his visits to Furness Abbey.
• The Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa wrote a series of sonnets called "Barrow-on-Furness" (sic). His "heteronym" Álvaro de Campos lived in Barrow when he was studying ship engineering, but Pessoa himself had never visited, and mistakenly assumed that "Furness" was the name of a river.WEB, Álvaro de Campos's Geography,weblink 1 January 2012, Hispania,
• According to narrative exposition in Chapter 5 of Dorothy L. Sayers' 1926 novel Clouds of Witness, Inspector Charles Parker, Lord Peter Wimsey's friend and eventual brother-in-law, attended Barrow-in-Furness Grammar School.
• Renowned novelist D. H. Lawrence was in Barrow at the outbreak of World War I and wrote about his experiences in the town.
• The 2015 novel Career of Evil by Robert Galbraith (a pseudonym of J. K. Rowling) was partially set in Barrow.NEWS, Career of Evil by Robert Galbraith review – a daft but enjoyable hunt for a serial killer, The Guardian,weblink 20 November 2015,

Media

File:Portland Walk.jpg|thumb|right|Portland Walk, one of Barrow's primary retail areas]]

Newspapers

There is one paid-for evening daily paper, The Mail.

Radio

Barrow and the Furness area is served by local community radio CandoFM. CandoFM broadcasts to the Barrow and Furness area on 106.3FM, Ulverston and surrounding areas on 107.3FM plus globally available online. CandoFM is at 15-17 Duke Street, Barrow-in-Furness and run by 50+ volunteers providing local news, local information as well as an eclectic mix of shows.Barrow is served by one commercial radio station, Heart North West, which broadcasts from Manchester and serves the area around Morecambe Bay. Another commercial station, Abbey FM, ceased broadcasting in February 2009 when it went into administration.NEWS, 30 January 2009, Abbey FM ceases broadcasting, Radio Today,weblink dead, 24 February 2009,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090205190014weblink">weblink 5 February 2009, dmy-all, The BBC's local radio service is BBC Radio Cumbria.WEB, BBC – Cumbria – Local Radio – The Barrow Office.,weblink 16 August 2007, BBC,

Television

Barrow lies in the ITV Granada – BBC North West region with the main signal coming from the Winter Hill transmitter near Bolton. There is also a relay transmitter at Millom whose signal can be received in the northern end of the town.Various television personalities were born in the district. Dave Myers was a biker born in Barrow, and found fame as one half of television cookery duo the Hairy Bikers.NEWS, Greenstreet, Rosanna, 10 May 2006, My Home: Dave Myers of the Hairy Bikers, The Independent, Independent News & Media, London,weblink dead, 7 August 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070927211243weblink">weblink 27 September 2007, Karen Taylor is a TV comedian best known for her BBC Three sketch show Touch Me, I'm Karen Taylor.NEWS, 11 June 2007, Karen's sketch show opens, North West Evening Mail, CN Group,weblink 25 July 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926212137weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, Steve Dixon is a newsreader for Sky News,NEWS, Jardine, Cassandra, 3 November 2003, Diabetes is not as simple as it appears, The Daily Telegraph, London,weblink 7 August 2007, while Nigel Kneale was a well-known film and television scriptwriter.NEWS, 2 November 2006, Nigel Kneale, 71, The Times, London,weblink live, 8 February 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070211131713weblink">weblink 11 February 2007, (File:Barrow-in-Furness statue collage.jpg|thumb|right|Barrow has a large number of public works of art, including statues of prominent political figures and sporting personalities)Wartime diarist and local housewife Nella Last's memoirs were adapted for television, with parts of the town used in filming. The resulting programme, Housewife, 49, written by and starring comedian Victoria Wood, was broadcast by ITV in 2006. It won two BAFTA awards – one for Best Single Drama, the other for Best Actress (Wood).NEWS, Wylie, Ian, 1 December 2006, Victoria plays it straight, Manchester Evening News, Guardian Media Group,weblink 5 August 2007, WEB, 27 March 2007, Top Award for Diary Drama Set in Barrow,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070926211416weblink">weblink 26 September 2007, 14 August 2007, North West Evening Mail, CITV children's show The Treacle People had two villains named Barrow and Furness.WEB, Treacle People microsite,weblink 10 May 2007, Channel 4,

Dialect and accent

Furness is unique within Cumbria and the local dialect and accent is fairly Lancashire-orientated. Until 1974 Furness was an exclave of Lancashire, however as with Liverpool, for example, the Barrovian dialect has been influenced by large numbers of settlers from various regions. During the town's rapid growth from 1860 onward, thousands came to Barrow from Scotland, Ireland, Wales and elsewhere in northern England. As Glaswegian and Geordie dialects mingled in Barrow numerous more migrated from Lancashire and other parts of England which in effect created the noticeably Northern Barrovian dialect. In general the Barrovian accent tends to drop certain letters (including H and T).

Nightlife

(File:The Crow's Nest Pub - geograph.org.uk - 1559003.jpg|thumb|The Crow's Nest on Barrow Island, a typical Victorian era public house)There are many pubs and working men's clubs in Barrow. Barrow has fourteen of the latter, one of the highest number per capita of any British town.WEB, Jackson, Kate, 5 October 2008, Barrow-in-Furness: The working class capital of Britain, Daily Mirror,weblink There are also many bars and clubs found primarily in Barrow town centre on Duke Street and Cornwallis Street. Popular venues on Duke Street include the following bars: Jefferson's, the Buddha Bar, Bar Cairo and the Drawing Room. They did have a Yates's but the building was deemed unsafe and has since been demolished. Cornwallis Street – often dubbed the "Gaza Strip" by locals – is currently undergoing a multi-million pound renovation with the former Martini's being the flagship renovation into Club M. Other clubs on Cornwallis Street include: Kavanna's, O'Sullivan's and Skint. Between 2004 and 2010 Barrow was home to one of North West England's largest nightclubs, the {{formatnum:2500}}-capacity Blue Lagoon occupied the entire hull of the former Danish ferry Princess Selandia, which has now left the town.WEB,weblink Gardiner Security UK, www.gardinersecurity.co.uk, 13 January 2022,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20060420144514weblink">weblink 20 April 2006, dead, Barrow's largest nightclub is now Manhattans, which opened on Cavendish Street in late 2011.

Food

A traditional favourite food in Barrow is the pie, and particularly the meat and potato pie.MAGAZINE, Tarbuck, Martin, The 10 Greatest Pies In Britain,weblink Sabotage Times, 17 July 2015, Pie shops are common, and Green's of Jarrow Street is noted as a favourite of Barrow-born celebrity chef Dave MyersWEB, The Green's Green Food of Home,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721042202weblink">weblink 21 July 2015, 17 July 2015, North West Evening Mail, and journalist Martin Tarbuck, who declared them to be Britain's best pies in a book dedicated to the subject.NEWS, Upper crust: Writer scoffs his way to a winner in search for Britain's favourite pie, Daily Mirror,weblink 17 July 2015, Barrow was also the home of soft-drink company Marsh's, which produced a distinctive sarsaparilla-flavoured fizzy drink known as Sass.WEB, Mystery that threatens cult soft drink,weblink 17 July 2015, Birmingham Post & Mail Ltd, Marsh's was purchased by Purity Soft Drinks of Birmingham in 1993, and the company stopped producing Sass in 1999. Remaining bottles have subsequently sold for high prices as a collector's item.WEB, Record Bid for Bottle of Sass,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721002701weblink">weblink 21 July 2015, 17 July 2015, North West Evening Mail, A new product, labelled "Barrow Sass", was launched in 2014 in a bid to replicate traditional Sass.WEB, Sass in the Miz at Barrow Cocktail Bar,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721070012weblink">weblink 21 July 2015, 17 July 2015, North-West Evening Mail, The coasts around Barrow have rich cockle beds from which cockles have traditionally been gathered, although numbers have been low following intensive gathering during the early 2000s, in the run-up to the 2004 Morecambe Bay cockling disaster.WEB, Restraint needed to restore cockles,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721104102weblink">weblink 21 July 2015, 17 July 2015, North West Evening Mail, dmy-all, NEWS, Cocklers' gangmaster made £100 a day, The Guardian,weblink 17 July 2015, One of England's few remaining Oyster farms is in the Biggar area of Walney. Traditional Cumberland sausages are less associated with Barrow itself than the rest of Cumbria, but are readily available from the surrounding rural area.WEB, Butchers' campaign to protect sausage in Cumbria,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721080507weblink">weblink 21 July 2015, 17 July 2015, North-West Evening Mail, dmy-all, Cumbria has produced a number of famed dishes and is home to countless Michelin Guide restaurants, one of which is in Dalton.

Social issues

Lifestyle

File:Parade Street, Barrow-in-Furness.jpg|thumb|right|The majority of housing within the town is terraced, built for working-class families]]Having emerged as mixture of working-class cultures from across Britain and Ireland in the 19th century, subsequent low levels of migration and a continued tradition of industrial employment mean that Barrow's culture still reflects many of the traditions of the British working class.NEWS, Davies, Caroline, Barrow, capital of blue-collar Britain, The Guardian,weblink 16 July 2015, In September 2008, Barrow was named as the most working-class location in the United Kingdom, based on a series of measures devised to judge the lifestyle of the people.WEB, Have your say on Barrow's flat cap image,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20081201022016weblink">weblink 1 December 2008, 6 October 2010, North West Evening Mail, The research was carried out by Locallife.co.uk which determined that there is a fish and chip shop, working men's club, bookmakers or trade union office for every 2,917 people (Crewe, Doncaster, Wolverhampton and Preston completed the top five of 'the most working class places in Britain').WEB, 5 October 2008, Barrow-in-Furness: The working class capital of Britain,weblink 6 October 2010, The Mirror, This is in direct contrast to the 1870s, when a developing Barrow had more aristocrats per head of the population than anywhere else in the country.In the 2019 Indices of Deprivation, Barrow was ranked as the 44th most deprived district in England (out of a total of 326).WEB, Indices of Deprivation 2019 Local Authority Summaries,weblink 5 December 2023, Office for National Statistics, The equivalent figures for 2007, 2010 stood at 29th, 32nd and 44th most deprived respectively.WEB, Indices of Deprivation 2010,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140911203616weblink">weblink 11 September 2014, 11 September 2014, Office for National Statistics, The Indices of Deprivation is based on income, employment, education, health, crime and barriers to housing and services and living environment. Within these subcategories, most notably Barrow ranked as the 4th most deprived in terms of health deprivation and disability, and in huge contrast, 316th most deprived in terms of access to housing and services (i.e. 10th least deprived). In the 2019 Indices of Deprivation, seven Lower Super Output Areas across Barrow Island, Central and Hindpool were amongst the 1% most deprived areas in the country, while large parts of suburban Barrow including Newbarns and Roose were amongst the 25% of least deprived areas in England.

Health

File:Furness General.jpg|thumb|right|Furness General HospitalFurness General HospitalThe principal hospital in Barrow is Furness General Hospital, operated by the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust and located on the outskirts of the town. As of December 2023 there were 10 NHS GP practices/doctors' surgeries in Barrow.WEB, GP surgeries near LA13 9AX,weblink 5 December 2023, National Health Service (England), NHS, The life expectancy for males in Barrow is 76.6 years (compared to the England average of 78.7) and 80.6 years for females (compared to the national average of 82.8).WEB, 2021, Barrow-in-Furness Health Profile,weblink 5 December 2023, NHS, A 2021 NHS in depth publication on health in Barrow (the former district) indicated that the population of Barrow is by most measures in a worse state than the national average. Indicators such as ratea of cardiovascular disease, self and suicide, alcoholism and excessive weight are worse than the England average. However, a number of indicators are similar to the average or are significantly better, including the percentage of children in absolute low income families.

Crime

(File:Barrow Police Station June 2015.JPG|thumb|Barrow's new main police station (under construction) in June 2015)Policing is by Cumbria Constabulary, which alongside the county of Cumbria was formed in 1974. The Ministry of Defence Police maintain a presence on Barrow Island around the shipyard also. Previously the town was policed by Barrow-in-Furness Borough Police. Barrow previously had one full-time police station in Market Street in the Central ward. A new multi-million pound building was built on James Freel Close on Channelside in Hindpool and is the town's only police station, with extra jail cells and improved facilities. Several consecutive annual publications by Cumbria Constabulary entitled the 'Cumbria Community Safety Strategic Assessment' have stated that overall crime in Barrow is declining, with some indicators far better than the national average.WEB, 2012, Cumbria Community Safety Strategic Assessment,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140910200016weblink">weblink 10 September 2014, 9 September 2014, Cumbria Intelligence Observatory, Despite this, crime levels as a whole are higher than the national average: 2013 statistics show crime levels in the borough as the 16th worst in the UK; most notably, Barrow has amongst the worst rates of alcohol misuse in the country.WEB, 2013, Crime statistics for Barrow-in-Furness,weblink 9 September 2014, Cumbria Constabulary, Between July and December 2013 Barrow saw an average of 7.39 crimes per 100 of the population; the UK average was 6.57. Incidents of anti-social behaviour stood at 7.83 per 100 in Barrow, cf 5.02 in the UK. Burglary averaged 0.53 per 100 in 2013 while the national average was 1.00 per 100. Robbery averaged 0.02 in Barrow and 0.07 nationwide, shoplifting 0.72 and 0.53 and vehicle crime at 0.31 and 0.58. Violent crimes and sexual offences occurred at a rate of 1.70 per 100, significantly higher than UK average of 1.06 and ranking the area as the 29th worst out of 348 in the country. Crime rates remain the highest in deprived areas of inner wards such as Central and Hindpool.Since November 2019 Ministry of Defence Police have been based at the BAE Systems Shipyard.

Education

{{See also|List of schools in Barrow-in-Furness}}File:Furness College campus, Barrow-in-Furness.jpg|thumb|The Copper Box building at Furness College's Channelside campus]]File:Furness Academy newbuild2.jpg|thumb|right|Furness AcademyFurness AcademyEducation in the state-funded sector includes fifteen primary schools, five infant schools, five junior schools and many nurseries. The three secondary schools in the town are: Furness Academy, St. Bernard's Catholic High School and Walney School. Chetwynde School is an all-through school for children aged 4 to 18. Formerly a private school, Chetwynde became a state-funded free school in 2014.In the further education sector there is one college, Furness College. Furness College merged with Barrow Sixth Form College in 2016 forming the largest college in Cumbria.WEB, Barrow colleges merger hailed "exciting new era for education",weblink 17 January 2017, North West Evening Mail, 28 July 2016, Technical and professional qualifications are delivered at the Channelside campus, with A levels delivered at the Rating Lane campus, the home of the former sixth form college. Although there are currently no higher education institutions based in Barrow, Furness College offers several higher apprenticeships, foundation degrees, Bachelor's and Master's programmes accredited by the University of Cumbria, University of Lancaster and the University of Central Lancashire.WEB, University Education,weblink 22 July 2015, Furness College, In March 2023 plans were approved for a 1,400-capacity campus of the University of Cumbria on Barrow Island which is expected to be open for Autumn 2024. The university campus would be situated adjacent to BAE's Submarine Academy and form a new 'Learning Quarter' for the town.The town's main library is the Central Library in Ramsden Square, situated near the town centre.WEB, Libraries and Archives,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070827135601weblink">weblink 27 August 2007, 18 August 2007, Barrow Borough Council, dmy-all, The library was established in 1882 in a room near the town hall, and moved to its current premises in 1922. A branch of the County Archive Service, opened in 1979 and containing many of the town's archives, is located within adjoining premises,WEB, Cumbria County Council (Barrow),weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070906141740weblink">weblink 6 September 2007, 18 August 2007, Familia, whilst until 1991 the library also housed the Furness Museum, a forerunner of the Dock Museum.WEB, Museum History,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070805222430weblink">weblink 5 August 2007, 18 August 2007, Dock Museum, Flash, Smaller branch libraries are currently provided at Walney, Roose and Barrow Island. Known librarian Michael Wilson originates in Barrow-in-Furness. Michael Wilson is currently leader of the Collection Logistics Alpha Team at Cambridge University Library.

See also

• Barrovian
• Borough of Barrow-in-Furness
• Barrow and Furness (UK Parliament constituency)
• List of people from Barrow-in-Furness
• List of ships and submarines built in Barrow-in-Furness
• Listed buildings in Barrow-in-Furness
• List of places of worship in Barrow-in-Furness

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{Wikisource1911Enc|Barrow-in-Furness}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Barrow-in-Furness}}
• Cumbria County History Trust: Barrow-in-Furness (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
• {{Wikivoyage-inline|Barrow-in-Furness}}

{{Cumbria}}{{Barrow-in-Furness topics}}{{Barrow-in-Furness}}{{Authority control}}