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{{Short description|Citizens and nationals of Pakistan}}{{Redirect|Pakistani|a demographical overview|Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistani people living outside of Pakistan|Pakistani diaspora|other uses}}{{Use Pakistani English|date=January 2019}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}

factoids

| native_name_lang = ur242,341,368}}{{efnUnited States CensusHTTPS://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/POPCLOCK/WORK=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, including estimated population of Overseas Pakistani.}}(File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|center|frameless|260x260px)| popplace = Pakistan}}| pop1 = 233,500,636Saudi Arabia}}DATE=4 JUNE 2015, The Express Tribune, United Arab Emirates}}PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ACCESS-DATE=29 AUGUST 2019 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190829202243/HTTP://CALLSARZAMEEN.OPHRD.GOV.PK/WEB/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2019/07/YEAR-BOOK-2017-18.PDF, dead, United Kingdom}}2021 United Kingdom census>2021 official British census)HTTP://WWW.ONS.GOV.UK/ONS/REL/CENSUS/2011-CENSUS/KEY-STATISTICS-AND-QUICK-STATISTICS-FOR-LOCAL-AUTHORITIES-IN-THE-UNITED-KINGDOM---PART-1/RFT-KS201UK.XLS>TITLE=2021 CENSUS: ETHNIC GROUP, LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOMDATE=11 OCTOBER 2013name=“census”Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)>partial Pakistani ancestry.}}United States}}American Community Survey estimate)HTTPS://DATA.CENSUS.GOV/CEDSCI/TABLE?Q=PAKISTANI&G=&LASTDISPLAYEDROW=18&TABLE=B02018&TID=ACSDT1Y2018.B02018&VINTAGE=2018&MODE=PUBLISHER=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, 9 January 2020, Canada}}2021 Canadian census>2021 official Canadian census)CENSUS PROFILE. 2021 CENSUS OF POPULATION> URL =HTTPS://WWW12.STATCAN.GC.CA/CENSUS-RECENSEMENT/2021/DP-PD/PROF/DETAILS/PAGE.CFM?LANG=E&GENDERLIST=1,2,3&STATISTICLIST=1&DGUIDLIST=2021A000011124&HEADERLIST=31&SEARCHTEXT=CANADA WEBSITE =STATCAN.GC.CA ACCESS-DATE =4 JANUARY 2024, Oman}}ACCESS-DATE=6 APRIL 2019, {{dead link|date=November 2023}}Kuwait}}LAST=AL-QARARITITLE=PAKISTANIS CELEBRATE NATIONAL DAY IN KUWAITACCESS-DATE=14 APRIL 2012ARCHIVE-DATE=17 JUNE 2011, Germany}}DATE=20 APRIL 2023, 17 July 2023, Italy}}PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ACCESS-DATE=29 AUGUST 2019 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190829202243/HTTP://CALLSARZAMEEN.OPHRD.GOV.PK/WEB/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2019/07/YEAR-BOOK-2017-18.PDF, dead, Qatar}}PUBLISHER=PRIYADSOUZA.COM, 8 February 2017, Bahrain}}| pop13 = 112,000 (2013 estimate)Spain}}PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ACCESS-DATE=29 AUGUST 2019 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190829202243/HTTP://CALLSARZAMEEN.OPHRD.GOV.PK/WEB/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2019/07/YEAR-BOOK-2017-18.PDF, dead, Australia}}2016 Australian census>2016 official Australian census)ZIP >URL=HTTP://WWW.CENSUSDATA.ABS.GOV.AU/CENSUSOUTPUT/COPSUB2016.NSF/ALL%20DOCS%20BY%20CATNO/2016~COMMUNITY%20PROFILE~036/$FILE/GCP_036.ZIP?OPENELEMENT PUBLISHER=CENSUSDATA.ABS.GOV.AU ACCESS-DATE=27 SEPTEMBER 2017, Malaysia}}TITLE=GOVT KEEN TO CUT MALAYSIA’S DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN LABOR ACCESS-DATE=6 APRIL 2019, HTTPS://WWW.MALAYMAIL.COM/NEWS/MALAYSIA/2017/07/27/HOME-MINISTRY-SAYS-THERE-ARE-1.7-MILLION-LEGAL-FOREIGN-WORKERS-IN-MALAYSIA/1430323>TITLE=HOME MINISTRY SAYS THERE ARE 1.7 MILLION LEGAL FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA AS OF JUNE 30 | MALAY MAILLAST=THURSDAYDATE=27 JULY 2017, China}}LAST=출입국·외국인정책본부ACCESS-DATE=11 DECEMBER 2017, Norway}}WEBSITE=KOMMUNEFAKTA.NO, France}}WEBSITE=INSEE.FR ACCESS-DATE=23 AUGUST 2020, fr, Japan}}| pop20 = 23,000 (2023)令和５年６月末現在における在留外国人数についてHong Kong}}WEBSITE=BYCENSUS2016.GOV.HK, Ireland}}DATE=2016 ACCESS-DATE=15 SEPTEMBER 2020, IRELAND INDIA COUNCIL>URL=HTTP://WWW.IRELANDINDIACOUNCIL.IE/COMMUNITY.PHP TITLE=INDIAN COMMUNITY IN IRELAND ARCHIVE-DATE=20 JANUARY 2018, New Zealand}}PUBLISHER=MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ACCESS-DATE=29 AUGUST 2019 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190829202243/HTTP://CALLSARZAMEEN.OPHRD.GOV.PK/WEB/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2019/07/YEAR-BOOK-2017-18.PDF, dead, Switzerland}}date=November 2023}}Languages of Pakistan>Pakistani languages, including:{{HlistBalochi language>BalochiBalti language>BaltiBrahui language>BrahuiBurushaski>Pakistani English{{efn>Mostly as a second-languageMARIAM >FIRST1=DURRANI URL=HTTPS://REPOSITORY.UPENN.EDU/CGI/VIEWCONTENT.CGI?ARTICLE=1233&CONTEXT=WPEL DATE=2012, PAKISTAN - PEOPLE {{!, Britannica >url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/People website=britannica.com quote=With the exception of this educated elite, English is spoken fluently by only a small percentage of the population.}}}}Hazaragi>HindkoKashmiri language>KashmiriKhowar>Kohistani languages>PashtoPunjabi language>PunjabiPahari-Pothwari>Saraiki language>Shina language>Sindhi language>Urdu{{efnLashkariSingh, Shashank, and Shailendra Singh. “Systematic review of spell-checkers for highly inflectional languages.” Artificial Intelligence Review 53.6 (2020): 4051-4092.}}>Wakhi}}Majority:Islam (96.28%){{nowrap>{{smallSunni Islam>Sunni, 10–15% Shia Islam)}}}}Minority:Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya, Baháʼí Faith, Kalasha (religion)>Kalasha, Sikhism, ZoroastrianismHUSAIN >FIRST=IRFAN URL=HTTP://DAWN.COM/2012/08/27/FAITH-IN-DECLINE/ NEWSPAPER=DAWN QUOTE=INTERESTINGLY, AND SOMEWHAT INTRIGUINGLY, 2 PER CENT OF THE PAKISTANIS SURVEYED SEE THEMSELVES AS ATHEISTS, UP FROM 1PC IN 2005. ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20121204113125/HTTP://DAWN.COM/2012/08/27/FAITH-IN-DECLINE/, 4 December 2012, }}Pakistanis (|translit=PākistānÄ« Qaum}}, {{Literal translation|Pakistani Nation}}) are the citizens and nationals of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. According to the 2017 Pakistani census, the population of Pakistan stood at over 213 million people, making it the world’s fifth-most populous country.NEWS,www.dawn.com/news/1354506, Census results show 59.7pc growth in Karachi’s population, 116pc in Lahore’s since 1998, Dawn.com, 28 August 2017, DAWN.COM, 1 September 2017, en, The majority of Pakistanis natively speak languages belonging to the Indo-Iranic family (Indo-Aryan and Iranic subfamilies).Located in South Asia, the country is also the source of a significantly large diaspora, most of whom reside in the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, with an estimated population of 4.7 million.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} The second-largest Pakistani diaspora resides throughout both Northwestern Europe and Western Europe, where there are an estimated 2.4 million; over half of this figure resides in the United Kingdom (see British Pakistanis).WEB,tribune.com.pk/story/1391730/overseas-workforce-2-43-million-pakistanis-working-europe, 2.43 million Pakistanis working in Europe, 23 April 2017, The Express Tribune, WEB,www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls, 2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom, Office for National Statistics, 11 October 2013, 28 February 2015,

Ethnic subgroups

{{See also|Indo-Iranic peoples}}Having one of the fastest-growing populations in the world, Pakistan’s people belong to various ethnic groups, with the overwhelming majority being native speakers of the Indo-Iranic languages.Pakistan Population. (28 August 2019). Retrieved 2019-09-14, fromworldpopulationreview.com/countries/pakistan-population/ Ethnically, Indo-Aryan peoples comprise the majority of the population in the eastern provinces of Pakistani Punjab, Sindh, and Kashmir, while Iranic peoples comprise the majority in the western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition to its four provinces, Pakistan also administers two disputed territories known as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan; both territories also have an Indo-Aryan majority with the exception of the latter’s subregion of Baltistan, which is largely inhabited by Tibetan peoples. Pakistan also hosts an insignificant population of Dravidian peoples, the majority of whom are South Indians who trace their roots to historical princely states such as Hyderabad Deccan and are identified with the multi-ethnic community of Muhajirs ({{Literal translation|migrants}}), who arrived in the country after the partition of British India in 1947.WEB, Muhajir {{!, people|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/muhajir|access-date=2021-04-27|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}WEB, Pakistan - People,www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan, 2021-04-27, Encyclopedia Britannica, en, Major ethnolinguistic groups in the country include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, and Baloch people;WEB, Ethnic Groups In Pakistan,www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-pakistan.html, 2021-04-27, WorldAtlas, 30 July 2019, en-US, WEB, Pakistan - Linguistic and Ethnic Groups,countrystudies.us/pakistan/31.htm, 2021-04-27, countrystudies.us, with significant numbers of Kashmiris, Brahuis, Hindkowans, Paharis, Shina people, Burusho people, Wakhis, Baltis, Chitralis, and other minorities.JOURNAL, Hurst, Christopher O., 1996-01-01, Pakistan’s ethnic divide,doi.org/10.1080/10576109608436002, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 19, 2, 179–198, 10.1080/10576109608436002, 1057-610X, JOURNAL, Ahmed, Feroz, 1996, Ethnicity, Class and State in Pakistan,www.jstor.org/stable/4404794, Economic and Political Weekly, 31, 47, 3050–3053, 4404794, 0012-9976,

Culture

{{Stack|File:Men in shalwar kameez on the road to Kalash, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Men dressed in shalwar kameez in a general store on the road to Kalash, Pakistan]]|float=right}}The existence of Pakistan as an Islamic state since the 1956 constitution has led to the large-scale injection of Islam into most aspects of Pakistani culture and everyday life, which has accordingly impacted the historical values and traditions of the Muslim-majority population. Marriages and other major events are significantly impacted by regional differences in culture but generally follow Islamic jurisprudence where required. The national dress of Pakistan is the shalwar kameez, a unisex garment widely-worn,BOOK, Marsden, Magnus,books.google.com/books?id=7q9lLQ8QqM8C&pg=PA37, Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistan’s North-West Frontier, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 978-1-139-44837-6, 37, The village’s men and boys largely dress in sombre colours in the loose trousers and long shirt (shalwar kameez) worn across Pakistan. Older men often wear woollen Chitrali caps (pakol), waistcoats and long coats (chugha), made by Chitrali tailors (darzi) who skills are renowned across Pakistan., BOOK, Haines, Chad,books.google.com/books?id=ueTGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT162, Nation, Territory, and Globalization in Pakistan: Traversing the Margins, Routledge, 2013, 978-1-136-44997-0, 162, the shalwar kameez happens to be worn by just about everyone in Pakistan, including in all of Gilgit-Baltistan., cs2, and national dress,BOOK, Ozyegin, Gul,books.google.com/books?id=Aq21CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222, Gender and Sexuality in Muslim Cultures, Routledge, 2016, 978-1-317-13051-2, 222, What is common in all the cases is the wearing of shalwar, kameez, and dupatta, the national dress of Pakistan., of Pakistan. When women wear the shalwar-kameez in some regions, they usually wear a long scarf or shawl called a dupatta around the head or neck.BOOK, Rait, Satwant Kaur, Sikh Women In England: Religious, Social and Cultural Beliefs, 14 April 2005, Trentham Book, 978-1-85856-353-4, Trent and Sterling, 68, The dupatta is also employed as a form of modesty—although it is made of delicate material, it obscures the upper body’s contours by passing over the shoulders. For Muslim women, the dupatta is a less stringent alternative to the chador or burqa.

Languages

Urdu, or Lashkari (لشکری ),Singh, Shashank, and Shailendra Singh. “Systematic review of spell-checkers for highly inflectional languages”. Artificial Intelligence Review 53 (2020): 4051-4092. an Indo-Aryan language, is the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while it shares official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. It is not believed to be a language affiliated with any ethnicity and its speakers come from various backgrounds.BOOK, Ramkrishna Mukherjee, Understanding Social Dynamics in South Asia: Essays in Memory of Ramkrishna Mukherjee,books.google.com/books?id=IHWKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA221, 2018, Springer, 9789811303876, 221–, BOOK, Economic and Political Weekly,books.google.com/books?id=yu-wAAAAIAAJ, 1996, Sameeksha Trust, Although Indo-Aryan in classification, its exact origins as a language are disputed by scholars.Qureshi, Omar. “Twentieth-century Urdu literature”. Handbook of Twentieth Century Literatures of India (1996): 329-362. However, despite serving as the country’s lingua franca, most Pakistanis speak their ethnic languages and the lingua franca as second. Numerous regional and provincial languages are spoken as native languages by Pakistan’s various ethnolinguistic groups, with the Punjabi language having a national plurality as the first language of approximately 45 percent of the total population. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi, Brahui, and Hindko. The Pakistani dialect of English is also widely spoken throughout the country, albeit mostly in urban centres such as Islamabad and Karachi.

Religion

Pakistan officially endorses Islam as a state religion. The overwhelming majority of Pakistanis identify as Muslims, and the country has the second-largest population of Muslims in the world after Indonesia.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=pbqfCwAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+has+second+largest+muslim+population+in+the+world&pg=PT5, Islam in India and Pakistan – A Religious History, Singh, Dr. Y P, Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, 2016, 9789385505638, see: Islam by country Other minority religious faiths include Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism, the Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, and Kalasha. Pakistan’s Hindu and Christian minorities comprise the second- and third-largest religious groups in the country, respectively.

Irreligion

Irreligion, agnosticism, and atheism are present amongst a minority of Pakistanis, the majority of whom belong to the newer generations.NEWS, Pakistani youths turning into atheists, IBN Live,ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html,ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20100911005101ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html,">web.archive.org/web/20100911005101ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistani-muslim-youths-turning-into-atheists/130354-19-93.html, dead, 11 September 2010, 1 July 2012, NEWS, Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism, WIN/GIA, Gallup,www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf, 2 September 2012, 2 August 2017,www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20170802000101www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20170802000101www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf, dead, NEWS, The hardest part about being faithless, Pakistan Today,www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/02/08/comment/the-hardest-part-about-being-faithless/?, 9 February 2014, According to a 2005 Gallup World Poll, 1 percent of Pakistani respondents identified themselves as atheists. By 2012, the figure had risen to 2 percent. The same poll also surveyed 2,700 other people in Pakistan, of whom 54 were self-declared irreligious.

Diaspora

(File:Map of the Pakistani Diaspora in the World.svg|right|thumb|Distribution of Pakistani diaspora{{Legend|#000000|Pakistan}}{{Legend|#01411c|+ 1,000,000}}{{Legend|#018438|+ 100,000}}{{Legend|#01d059|+ 10,000}}{{Legend|#a9fec1|+ 1,000}})The Pakistani diaspora maintains a significant presence in the Middle East, Europe, North America, and Australia. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Pakistan has the (List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population#UN 2019 report: emigrant population|seventh-largest diaspora) in the world.WEB,www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/india-has-largest-diaspora-population-in-world-un-183731, India has largest diaspora population in world: UN, Service, Tribune News, Tribuneindia News Service, en, 18 March 2020, {{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} According to the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development of the Government of Pakistan, approximately 10+ million Pakistanis live abroad, with the vast majority (over 4.7 million) residing in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.WEB,callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf, Year Book 2017-18, Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, 18 March 2020, 29 August 2019,callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20190829202243callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20190829202243callsarzameen.ophrd.gov.pk/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Year-Book-2017-18.pdf, dead,

See also

• List of Pakistanis
• Demographics of Pakistan
• Ethnic groups in Pakistan
• Overseas Pakistanis

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• Abbasi, Nadia Mushtaq. “The Pakistani diaspora in Europe and its impact on democracy building in Pakistan”. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (2010).
• Awan, Shehzadi Zamurrad. “Relevance of Education for Women’s Empowerment in Punjab, Pakistan”. Journal of International Women’s Studies 18.1 (2016): 208+ online
• Bolognani, Marta, and Stephen Lyon, eds. Pakistan and its diaspora: multidisciplinary approaches (Springer, 2011).
• Eglar, Zekiya. A Punjabi Village in Pakistan: Perspectives on Community, Land, and Economy (Oxford UP, 2010).
• Kalra, Virinder S., ed. Pakistani Diasporas: Culture, conflict, and change (Oxford UP, 2009).
• Bano, Sha. “Role of museums in Depicting history of cultural heritage of Pakistan”. (2019).
• Marsden, Magnus. “Muslim village intellectuals: the life of the mind in northern Pakistan”. Anthropology today 21.1 (2005): 10–15.
• Mughal, M. A. Z. “An anthropological perspective on the mosque in Pakistan”. Asian Anthropology 14.2 (2015): 166–181.
• Rauf, Abdur. “Rural women and the family: A study of a Punjabi village in Pakistan”. Journal of Comparative Family Studies (1987): 403–415.

Origins of Pakistanis

• Vasil’ev, I. B., P. F. Kuznetsov, and A. P. Semenova. “Potapovo Burial Ground of the Indo-Iranic Tribes on the Volga” (1994).
• Ahsan, Aitzaz. The Indus Saga. Roli Books Private Limited, 2005.
• Mehdi, S. Q., et al. “The origins of Pakistani populations”. Genomic Diversity. Springer, Boston, MA, 1999. 83–90.
• Balanovsky, Oleg, et al. “Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers”. PLoS One 10.4 (2015): e0122968.
• Allchin, F. R. “Archeological and Language-Historical Evidence for the Movement of Indo-Aryan Speaking Peoples into South Asia”. NARTAMONGÆ (1981): 65.
• Ahmed, Mukhtar. Ancient Pakistan-an Archaeological History: Volume III: Harappan Civilization-the Material Culture. Amazon, 2014.

{{Pakistani people}}{{Authority control}}