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{{Short description|Counter-terrorism military operation in Central Africa led by the US (2007-present)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}

factoids

| partof = the War on terror (Islamist insurgency in the Sahel)300px|A United States special forces NCO watches weapons marksmanship training for a member of a Malian counter-terrorism unit in December 2010.)WORK=USASOC NEWS SERVICEACCESS-DATE=21 JANUARY 2011URL-STATUS=DEADARCHIVE-DATE=16 DECEMBER 2010, dmy-all, ongoing({{Age in years, months, weeks and days>month1=02year1= 2007}})| place = Sahara Desert and North Africa, West Africa| territory = | result = OngoingMauritania}} Mauritania{{FlagiconTunisia{{flagicon>Burkina Faso}} Burkina Faso{{CHA}}{{MLI}} {{NIG}}{{FlagiconNigeria{{SEN}}{{Flagicon>Cameroon}} Cameroon{{FlagiconTogo{{Flagicon>Ghana}} Ghana{{FlagiconIvory Coast{{Flagicon>Benin}} Benin{{FlagiconCape Verde{{Flagicon>The Gambia}} The Gambia{{Flagicon>Guinea}} Guinea{{FlagiconGuinea-Bissau{{Flagicon>Liberia}} Liberia{{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} Sierra Leone{{Collapsible list| title = Supported & Trained By:United States}} United StatesCanada}} CanadaHTTPS://MONTREALGAZETTE.COM/NEWS/CANADA-IN-AFGHANISTAN/CANADA+SENDS+SPECIAL+FORCES+AFRICAN+QAIDA+FIGHT/5804679/STORY.HTML > TITLE = CANADA SENDS SPECIAL FORCES TO AID AFRICAN AL-QAIDA FIGHT MONTREAL GAZETTE > DATE = 2 DECEMBER 2011 ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120106084750/HTTP://WWW.MONTREALGAZETTE.COM/NEWS/CANADA-IN-AFGHANISTAN/CANADA+SENDS+SPECIAL+FORCES+AFRICAN+QAIDA+FIGHT/5804679/STORY.HTML DF=DMY-ALL, France}} FranceHTTP://WWW.FRANCE24.COM/EN/20100725-FRENCH-HOSTAGE-EXECUTED-AQIM-QAEDA-NORTH-AFRICA-MICHEL-GERMANEAU-KILLING > TITLE = FRENCH HOSTAGE EXECUTED AFTER RAID ON AL-QAEDA BASE DATE = 26 JULY 2011 ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20111210063638/HTTP://WWW.FRANCE24.COM/EN/20100725-FRENCH-HOSTAGE-EXECUTED-AQIM-QAEDA-NORTH-AFRICA-MICHEL-GERMANEAU-KILLING URL-STATUS = LIVE, dmy-all, Germany}} GermanyNetherlands}} NetherlandsHTTP://WWW.AFRICOM.MIL/GETARTICLE.ASP?ART=5937 > TITLE = FLINTLOCK 11 KICKS OFF FEBRUARY 21 IN SENEGAL DATE = 3 FEBRUARY 2011 ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20121224145854/HTTP://WWW.AFRICOM.MIL/GETARTICLE.ASP?ART=5937 DF = DMY-ALL, Spain}} SpainHTTP://WWW.CNN.COM/2011/09/27/WORLD/EUROPE/SPAIN-TERROR-ARRESTS/ > WORK=CNN DATE=27 SEPTEMBER 2011 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20111031121507/HTTP://WWW.CNN.COM/2011/09/27/WORLD/EUROPE/SPAIN-TERROR-ARRESTS/ URL-STATUS=LIVE, dmy-all, United Kingdom}}HTTP://NEWS.BBC.CO.UK/2/HI/8658009.STM > TITLE= US STARTS ANTI-AL-QAEDA MILITARY EXERCISE IN SAHARA DATE= 3 MAY 2010 ARCHIVE-URL= HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20140107033054/HTTP://NEWS.BBC.CO.UK/2/HI/8658009.STM URL-STATUS= LIVE PUBLISHER=REUTERS AFRICA ACCESS-DATE=1 JULY 2017 ARCHIVE-DATE=12 OCTOBER 2017 DF=DMY-ALL, Denmark}} DenmarkHTTPS://FMN.DK/ENG/ALLABOUT/PAGES/THEEFFORTINMALI.ASPX>TITLE=THE DANISH EFFORT IN THE SAHEL REGION (MINUSMA AND OPERATION BARKHANE)ACCESS-DATE=19 DECEMBER 2020ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200926080917/HTTPS://WWW.FMN.DK/ENG/ALLABOUT/PAGES/THEEFFORTINMALI.ASPX, dead, Czech Republic}} Czech RepublicHTTPS://WWW.NYTIMES.COM/2020/03/29/WORLD/AFRICA/FRANCE-SAHEL-WEST-AFRICA-.HTML>TITLE=CRISIS IN THE SAHEL BECOMING FRANCE’S FOREVER WARLAST1=MACLEANLAST2=O’REILLYDATE=MARCH 29, 2020, NYTimes.com, Sweden}} SwedenFORCES>FIRST=SWEDISH ARMEDURL=HTTPS://WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE/EN/NEWS/2020/09/SWEDISH-SPECIAL-FORCES-TO-MALI/WEBSITE=FöRSVARSMAKTEN, en, }}Flag of Jihad.svg}} Islamic militants

• al-Qaeda
• Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin
• MOJWA (until 2013)
• AQIM
• Al-Mourabitoun (until 2017)
• Ansar al-Sharia
• Macina Liberation Front
• Ansar Dine (until 2017)
• Boko Haram{{sfnp|Comolli|2015|pp=28, 103, 171}} (partially aligned with ISIL since 2015)
• Ansaru{{sfnp|Comolli|2015|pp=28, 103, 171}}

---

{{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}} ISIL

• Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (2015–present)WEB,www.trackingterrorism.org/group/islamic-state-greater-sahara-isgs-islamic-state-sahara-iss-islamic-state-burkina-faso-mali-isi, Islamic State in Greater Sahara (ISGS) / Islamic State in the Sahara (ISS) / Islamic State in Burkina Faso & Mali (ISISBM), Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium, 25 October 2017,web.archive.org/web/20171026001237/https://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/islamic-state-greater-sahara-isgs-islamic-state-sahara-iss-islamic-state-burkina-faso-mali-isi, 26 October 2017, live, dmy-all,
• Islamic State – West Africa Province

Algeria}} Abdelmadjid Tebboune (2019–present)

• {{flagicon|Algeria}} Nadir Larbaoui (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Morocco}} Mohammed VI (2007–present)
• {{flagicon|Morocco}} Aziz Akhannouch (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Mauritania}} Mohamed Ould Ghazouani (2019–present)
• {{flagicon|Mauritania}} Mohamed Ould Bilal (2020–present)
• {{flagicon|Tunisia}} Kais Saied (2019–present)
• {{flagicon|Tunisia}} Ahmed Hachani (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} Ibrahim Traoré (2022–present)
• {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} Apollinaire Joachim Kyélem de Tambèla (2022–present)
• {{flagicon|Chad}} Mahamat Déby (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Chad}} Saleh Kebzabo (2022–present)
• {{flagicon|Mali}} Assimi Goïta (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Mali}} Choguel Kokalla Maïga (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Niger}} Abdourahamane Tchiani (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Niger}} Ali Lamine Zeine (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Bola Tinubu (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Senegal}} Bassirou Diomaye Faye (2024–present)
• {{flagicon|Senegal}} Ousmane Sonko (2024–present)
• {{flagicon|Cameroon}} Paul Biya (2007–present)
• {{flagicon|Cameroon}} Joseph Ngute (2019–present)
• {{flagicon|Togo}} Faure Gnassingbé (2007–present)
• {{flagicon|Togo}} Victoire Tomegah Dogbé (2020–present)
• {{flagicon|Ghana}} Nana Akufo-Addo (2017–present)
• {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Alassane Ouattara (2010–present)
• {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Robert Beugré Mambé (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Benin}} Patrice Talon (2016–present)
• {{flagicon|Cape Verde}} José Maria Neves (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Cape Verde}} Ulisses Correia e Silva (2016–present)
• {{flagicon|The Gambia}} Adama Barrow (2017–present)
• {{flagicon|Guinea}} Mamady Doumbouya (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Guinea}} Bah Oury (2024–present)
• {{flagicon|Guinea-Bissau}} Umaro Sissoco Embaló (2020–present)
• {{flagicon|Guinea-Bissau}} Rui Duarte de Barros (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Liberia}} Joseph Boakai (2024–present)
• {{flagicon|Sierra Leone}} Julius Maada Bio (2018–present)
• {{flagicon|United States}} Joe Biden (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|United States}} Lloyd Austin (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Charles III (2022–present)
• {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Rishi Sunak (2022–present)
• {{flagicon|Canada}} Mary Simon (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Canada}} Justin Trudeau (2015–present)
• {{flagicon|France}} Emmanuel Macron (2017–present)
• {{flagicon|France}} Gabriel Attal (2024–present)
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2017–present)
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Olaf Scholz (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Willem-Alexander (2013–present)
• {{flagicon|Netherlands}} Mark Rutte (2010–present)
• {{flagicon|Spain}} Felipe VI (2014–present)
• {{flagicon|Spain}} Pedro Sánchez (2018–present)
• {{flagicon|Denmark}} Frederik X (2007–present)
• {{flagicon|Denmark}} Mette Frederiksen (2019–present)
• {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Petr Pavel (2023–present)
• {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} Petr Fiala (2021–present)
• {{flagicon|Sweden}} Carl XVI Gustaf (2007–present)
• {{flagicon|Sweden}} Ulf Kristersson (2022–present)

{{Collapsible list| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;| title= FormerAlgeria|size=23px}} Abdelaziz Bouteflika †Algeria|size=23px}} Abdelkader Bensalah †Algeria|size=23px}} Abdelaziz BelkhademAlgeria|size=23px}} Ahmed Ouyahia Algeria|size=23px}} Abdelmalek SellalAlgeria|size=23px}} Youcef YousfiAlgeria|size=23px}} Noureddine BedouiAlgeria|size=23px}} Sabri BoukadoumAlgeria|size=23px}} Abdelaziz DjeradAlgeria|size=23px}} Aymen BenabderrahmaneMorocco|size=23px}} Driss JettouMorocco|size=23px}} Abbas El FassiMorocco|size=23px}} Abdelilah BenkiraneMorocco|size=23px}} Saadeddine Othmani Mauritania|1959}} Ely Ould Mohamed VallMauritania|1959}} Sidi Ould Cheikh AbdallahiMauritania|1959}} Ba Mamadou MbaréMauritania|1959}} Mohamed Ould Abdel AzizMauritania|1959}} Sidi Mohamed Ould BoubacarMauritania|1959}} Zeine Ould ZeidaneMauritania|1959}} Yahya Ould Ahmed El WaghefMauritania|1959}} Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf MauritaniaMauritania|size=23px}} Yahya Ould Hademine Mauritania|size=23px}} Mohamed Salem Ould BéchirMauritania|size=23px}} Ismail Ould Bedde Ould Cheikh Sidiya Tunisia|size=23px}} Zine El Abidine Ben AliTunisia|size=23px}} Mohamed GhannouchiTunisia|size=23px}} Fouad MebazaaTunisia|size=23px}} Moncef MarzoukiTunisia|size=23px}} Beji Caid EssebsiTunisia|size=23px}} Mohamed EnnaceurTunisia|size=23px}} Hamadi JebaliTunisia|size=23px}} Ali LaarayedhTunisia|size=23px}} Mehdi Jomaa Tunisia|size=23px}} Habib EssidTunisia|size=23px}} Youssef ChahedTunisia|size=23px}} Elyes FakhfakhTunisia|size=23px}} Hichem MechichiTunisia|size=23px}} Najla BoudenBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Blaise CompaoréBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Honoré TraoréBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Yacouba Isaac ZidaBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Michel KafandoBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Gilbert DiendéréBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Chérif SyBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Roch Marc Christian KaboréBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Paul-Henri Sandaogo DamibaBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Paramanga Ernest YonliBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Tertius ZongoBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Luc-Adolphe TiaoBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Paul Kaba Thieba Burkina Faso|size=23px}} Christophe Joseph Marie DabiréBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Lassina ZerboBurkina Faso|size=23px}} Albert OuédraogoChad|size=23px}} Idriss Déby{{KIA}}Chad|size=23px}} Pascal YoadimnadjiChad|size=23px}} Adoum YounousmiChad|size=23px}} Delwa Kassiré KoumakoyeChad|size=23px}} Youssouf Saleh AbbasChad|size=23px}} Emmanuel NadingarChad|size=23px}} Djimrangar DadnadjiChad|size=23px}} Kalzeubet Pahimi DeubetChad|size=23px}} Albert Pahimi PadackéMali|size=23px}} Amadou Toumani TouréMali|size=23px}} Amadou SanogoMali|size=23px}} Dioncounda TraoréMali|size=23px}} Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta Mali|size=23px}} Bah NdawMali|size=23px}} Ousmane Issoufi MaïgaMali|size=23px}} Modibo SidibéMali|size=23px}} Cissé Mariam Kaïdama SidibéMali|size=23px}} Cheick Modibo DiarraMali|size=23px}} Django SissokoMali|size=23px}} Oumar Tatam LyMali|size=23px}} Moussa MaraMaliModibo Keita (born 1942)>Modibo KeitaMali|size=23px}} Abdoulaye Idrissa MaïgaMali|size=23px}} Soumeylou Boubèye MaïgaMali|size=23px}} Boubou CisséMali|size=23px}} Moctar OuaneMaliAbdoulaye Maïga (officer)>Abdoulaye Maïga Niger|size=23px}} Mamadou TandjaNiger|size=23px}} Salou DjiboNiger|size=23px}} Mahamadou IssoufouNiger|size=23px}} Mohamed BazoumNiger|size=23px}} Hama AmadouNiger|size=23px}} Seyni Oumarou Niger|size=23px}} Albadé AboubaNiger|size=23px}} Ali Badjo GamatiéNiger|size=23px}} Mahamadou DandaNiger|size=23px}} Brigi RafiniNiger|size=23px}} Ouhoumoudou MahamadouNigeria|size=23px}} Olusegun ObasanjoNigeria|size=23px}} Umaru Musa Yar’AduaNigeria|size=23px}} Goodluck JonathanNigeria|size=23px}} Muhammadu BuhariSenegal|size=23px}} Abdoulaye WadeSenegal|size=23px}} Macky SallSenegal|size=23px}} Cheikh Hadjibou SoumaréSenegal|size=23px}} Souleymane Ndéné NdiayeSenegal|size=23px}} Abdoul MbayeSenegalAminata Touré (Senegalese politician)>Aminata TouréSenegal|size=23px}} Mahammed DionneSenegalAmadou Ba (politician, born 1961)>Amadou BaSenegal|size=23px}} Sidiki KabaCameroon|size=23px}} Ephraïm InoniCameroon|size=23px}} Philémon YangTogo|size=23px}} Yawovi Agboyibo Togo|size=23px}} Komlan MallyTogo|size=23px}} Gilbert HoungboTogo|size=23px}} Kwesi Ahoomey-ZunuTogo|size=23px}} Komi Sélom KlassouGhana|size=23px}} John KufuorGhana|size=23px}} John Atta MillsGhana|size=23px}} John MahamaIvory Coast|size=23px}} Laurent GbagboIvory Coast|size=23px}} Charles Konan Banny †Ivory Coast|size=23px}} Guillaume SoroIvory Coast|size=23px}} Gilbert AkéIvory Coast|size=23px}} Jeannot Ahoussou-KouadioIvory Coast|size=23px}} Daniel Kablan DuncanIvory Coast|size=23px}} Amadou Gon Coulibaly †Ivory Coast|size=23px}} Hamed Bakayoko †Ivory Coast|size=23px}} Patrick AchiBenin|size=23px}} Mathieu KérékouBenin|size=23px}} Thomas Boni YayiBenin|size=23px}} Pascal KoupakiBenin|size=23px}} Lionel Zinsou Cape Verde|size=23px}} Pedro PiresCape Verde|size=23px}} Jorge Carlos FonsecaThe Gambia|size=23px}} Yahya JammehGuinea|size=23px}} Lansana ContéGuinea|size=23px}} Moussa Dadis CamaraGuinea|size=23px}} Sékouba KonatéGuinea|size=23px}} Alpha CondéGuinea|size=23px}} Eugène CamaraGuinea|size=23px}} Lansana KouyatéGuinea|size=23px}} Ahmed Tidiane SouaréGuinea|size=23px}} Kabiné KomaraGuinea|size=23px}} Jean-Marie DoréGuinea|size=23px}} Mohamed Said FofanaGuinea|size=23px}} Mamady YoulaGuinea|size=23px}} Ibrahima Kassory Fofana Guinea|size=23px}} Mohamed BéavoguiGuinea|size=23px}} Bernard GoumouGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} João Bernardo VieiraGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Raimundo PereiraGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Malam Bacai SanháGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Mamadu Ture KurumaGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Manuel Serifo NhamadjoGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} José Mário VazGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Aristides GomesGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Martinho Ndafa KabiGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Carlos CorreiaGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Carlos Gomes JúniorGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Adiato Djaló NandignaGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Rui Duarte de BarrosGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Domingos Simões PereiraGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Baciro DjáGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Artur SilvaGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Faustino ImbaliGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Nuno Gomes NabiamGuinea-Bissau|size=23px}} Geraldo MartinsLiberia|size=23px}} Ellen Johnson Sirleaf{{flagdeco|Liberia|size=23px}} George WeahSierra Leone|size=23px}} Ahmad Tejan KabbahSierra Leone|size=23px}} Ernest Bai KoromaUnited States|size=23px}} George W. BushUnited States|size=23px}} Barack ObamaUnited States|size=23px}} Donald TrumpUnited States|size=23px}} Robert GatesUnited States|size=23px}} Leon PanettaUnited States|size=23px}} Chuck HagelUnited States|size=23px}} Ash CarterUnited States|size=23px}} Jim MattisUnited States|size=23px}} Mark EsperUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Elizabeth IIUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Tony BlairUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Gordon BrownUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} David CameronUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Theresa MayUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Boris JohnsonUnited Kingdom|size=23px}} Liz TrussCanada|size=23px}} Michaëlle JeanCanada|size=23px}} David JohnstonCanada|size=23px}} Julie PayetteCanada|size=23px}} Stephen HarperFrance|size=23px}} Jacques ChiracFrance|size=23px}} Nicolas SarkozyFrance|size=23px}} François HollandeFrance|size=23px}} Dominique de VillepinFrance|size=23px}} François FillonFrance|size=23px}} Jean-Marc AyraultFrance|size=23px}} Manuel VallsFrance|size=23px}} Bernard CazeneuveFrance|size=23px}} Édouard PhilippeFrance|size=23px}} Jean CastexFrance|size=23px}} Élisabeth BorneGermany|size=23px}} Horst KöhlerGermany|size=23px}} Christian WulffGermany|size=23px}} Joachim GauckGermany|size=23px}} Angela MerkelNetherlandsBeatrix of the Netherlands>BeatrixNetherlands|size=23px}} Jan Peter BalkenendeSpain|size=23px}} Juan Carlos ISpain|size=23px}} José Luis Rodríguez ZapateroSpain|size=23px}} Mariano RajoyDenmarkMargrethe II of Denmark>Margrethe IIDenmark|size=23px}} Anders Fogh RasmussenDenmark|size=23px}} Lars Løkke RasmussenDenmark|size=23px}} Helle Thorning-SchmidtCzech Republic|size=23px}} Václav KlausCzech Republic|size=23px}} MiloÅ¡ ZemanCzech Republic|size=23px}} Mirek TopolánekCzech RepublicJan Fischer (politician)>Jan FischerCzech Republic|size=23px}} Petr NečasCzech Republic|size=23px}} Jiří RusnokCzech Republic|size=23px}} Bohuslav SobotkaCzech Republic|size=23px}} Andrej BabiÅ¡Sweden|size=23px}} Fredrik ReinfeldtSweden|size=23px}} Stefan LöfvenSweden|size=23px}} Magdalena Andersson}}24px) Abdelmalek Droukdel{{KIA}} (File:Flag of Jihad.svgAbu Ubaidah Youssef al-AnnabiHTTPS://WWW.ALJAZEERA.COM/NEWS/2020/11/22/AL-QAEDA-IN-NORTH-AFRICA-APPOINTS-LEADER-TO-REPLACE-DROUKDELWEBSITE=AL JAZEERA24px) Mokhtar Belmokhtar{{KIA}}HOSTED NEWS > URL = HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/HOSTEDNEWS/AP/ARTICLE/ALEQM5IS1VCU-F-7FVHSVJI3XMZT52JTKG?DOCID=B2B53CE702554825B8684AF2B5BB7652 ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20111111005545/HTTP://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/HOSTEDNEWS/AP/ARTICLE/ALEQM5IS1VCU-F-7FVHSVJI3XMZT52JTKG?DOCID=B2B53CE702554825B8684AF2B5BB7652 URL-STATUS = LIVE 24px) Tiyib Ould Sidi Ali{{KIA}}HTTP://WWW.MIAMIHERALD.COM/2011/10/22/2466290/MAURITANIA-ARMY-RAID-KILLED-AL.HTML > TITLE=MAURITANIA ARMY RAID KILLED AL-QAIDA GROUP LEADER MIAMI HERALD > DATE= 23 OCTOBER 2011, (File:Flag of Jihad.svg PUBLISHER=NEWS24 (WEBSITE) > DATE=1 JUNE 2011 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120305030411/HTTP://WWW.NEWS24.COM/AFRICA/NEWS/AQIM-LEADER-SURRENDERS-IN-ALGERIA-20100531 URL-STATUS=LIVE 24px) Winan Bin Yousef{{POW}}NIGER MILITANT WITH TIES TO KILLERS OF FRENCH ENGINEER ARRESTED > URL = HTTP://WWW.ADNKRONOS.COM/IGN/AKI/ENGLISH/SECURITY/NIGER-MILITANT-WITH-TIES-TO-KILLERS-OF-FRENCH-ENGINEER-ARRESTED_312622977872.HTML ACCESS-DATE = 8 NOVEMBER 2011 ARCHIVE-DATE = 13 NOVEMBER 2011 DF = DMY-ALL, PUBLISHER= WORLD TRIBUNE ACCESS-DATE= 25 FEBRUARY 2012 ARCHIVE-DATE= 14 FEBRUARY 2012 DF= DMY-ALL, 400 Malians; 250 Algerians; 200 Chadians;

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