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swing bridge
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{{Short description|Bridge that rotates horizontally around a vertical axis}}{{About||New Zealand's wire tramping bridges referred to by the same name|simple suspension bridge|other uses|Swing Bridge (disambiguation)}}{{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2022}}{{BridgeTypePix|type_name=Swing bridge|image=MovableBridge_swing.gif|image_title=|sibling_names=Other moving types: Bascule bridge, drawbridge, jetway, vertical-lift bridge, tilt bridge|ancestor_names=Truss bridge, cantilever bridge|descendent_names=Gate-swing bridge – see Puente de la Mujer|carries=Automobile, truck, light rail, heavy rail|span_range=Short|material=Steel|movable=Yes|design=Medium|falsework=No}}A swing bridge (or swing span bridge) is a movable bridge that can be rotated horizontally around a vertical axis. It has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span (turning span) can then pivot horizontally as shown in the animated illustration to the right. In its closed position, a swing bridge carrying a road or railway over a river or canal, for example, allows traffic to cross. When a water vessel needs to pass the bridge, road traffic is stopped (usually by traffic signals and barriers), and then motors rotate the bridge horizontally about its pivot point. The typical swing bridge will rotate approximately 90 degrees, or one-quarter turn; however, a bridge which intersects the navigation channel at an oblique angle may be built to rotate only 45 degrees, or one-eighth turn, in order to clear the channel. Small swing bridges as found over narrow canals may be pivoted only at one end, opening as would a gate, but require substantial underground structure to support the pivot.

Advantages

(File:I Street Bridge Sacramento.jpg|alt=The swing span turned to allow a boat to pass|thumb|right|250px|I Street swing Bridge span turned to allow a boat to pass Sacramento California)File:BNSF Bridge 9.6 swing span turned.jpg|thumb|right|250px|BNSF Railroad Bridge 9.6 across the Columbia River in Portland, OregonPortland, Oregon
  • As this type requires no counterweights, the complete weight is significantly reduced as compared to other moveable bridges.
  • Where the channel is wide enough for separate traffic directions on each side, the likelihood of vessel-to-vessel collisions is reduced.
  • The central support is often mounted upon a berm along the axis of the watercourse, intended to protect the bridge from watercraft collisions when it is opened. This artificial island forms an excellent construction area for building the moveable span, as the construction will not impede traffic.

Disadvantages

File:Swing Bridge and ferry in motion.jpg|thumb|250px|right|An example of how small swing bridges like this one may be pivoted only at one end, but that does require substantial underground structure to support the pivot. Victoria & Alfred Waterfront, Cape TownCape Town
  • In a symmetrical bridge, the central pier forms a hazard to navigation. Asymmetrical bridges may place the pivot near one side of the channel.
  • Where a wide channel is not available, a large portion of the bridge may be over an area that would be easily spanned by other means.
  • A wide channel will be reduced by the center pivot and foundation.
  • When open, the bridge will have to maintain its own weight as a balanced double cantilever, while when closed and in use for traffic, the live loads will be distributed as in a pair of conventional truss bridges, which may require additional stiffness in some members whose loading will be alternately in compression and tension.
  • If struck from the water near the edge of the span, it may rotate enough to cause safety problems (see Big Bayou Canot rail accident).

Examples

File:Govt bridge anim2.gif|thumb|Government Bridge across the Mississippi has a swing section for river traffic traversing Lock and Dam 15 ]]

Albania

Argentina

Australia

  • Gladesville Bridge, Sydney. Opened 1881, closed 1964 and demolished; had a small swing span on the southern end.
  • Pyrmont Bridge, Sydney. Opened 1902. Closed to traffic 1988. Still in use as a pedestrian bridge.
  • Glebe Island Bridge, Sydney. Opened 1903. Tramway defunct. Closed to traffic, 1995; supplanted by Anzac Bridge. Still in existence.
  • Hay Bridge, Hay, New South Wales. Opened 1873, demolished 1973. Replaced by a fixed concrete bridge.
  • Victoria Bridge, Townsville, Queensland. Opened 1889, closed to traffic 1975. Still in use as a foot bridge.
  • Sale Swing Bridge, Sale, Victoria. Opened 1883. Closed to traffic in 2002. Restored to full working order in 2006.
  • Dunalley Bridge, Dunalley, Tasmania. Still in use.

Belize

  • Belize City Swing Bridge, Belize City, Belize. Oldest such bridge in Central America and one of the few manually operated swing bridge in world still in operation. (Restored in the 2000s)
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Canada{| class"wikitable"

! Bridge Name! Waterway! Co-ordinates! Status! Comments
| Cambie Street Bridge Connaught Bridge| False Creek, Vancouver, British Columbia
491912354scale:50000_type:landmark_region:CA-BC|name=Cambie Street Bridge}}| Demolished/replaced (1985), formerly vehicle, pedestrian & streetcar traffic| Short documentary "Swingspan" tells the history of the bridge and its demolition.
| Canso Canal Bridge| Canso Canal, Nova Scotia
45506145scale:50000_type:landmark_region:CA-NS|name=Canso Swing Bridge}}| Still swings, Vehicle/Rail Traffic| Links Nova Scotia mainland with Cape Breton Island with 2 traffic lanes of Highway 104 (the Trans-Canada Highway) as well as a single track railway line operated by the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway (CBNS).
| CNR Bridge| Fraser River, British Columbia
495012224scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=CNR Bridge}}| Still swings, Rail TrafficQueensborough, British Columbia>Queensborough in New Westminster, British Columbia and the mainland
| Derwent Way Bridge| Fraser River, British Columbia
490912255scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Derwent Way Bridge}}| Still swings, Vehicle/Rail TrafficQueensborough, British Columbia>Queensborough in New Westminster, British Columbia and Annacis Island in Delta, British Columbia
| Fredericton Railway Bridge| Fredericton, New Brunswick
45256643scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Fredericton Train Bridge}}| No longer swings, pedestrian traffic.| Constructed in 1887 and opened 1889. Last train on the bridge was in 1996.
| Grand Narrows Bridge| Barra Strait, Bras d'Or Lake, Nova Scotia
4535.75601.03scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-NS|name=Grand Narrows Bridge}}| Was last opened for marine traffic on December 30, 2014 remaining open for marine traffic since that date, no longer swings, Rail Traffic cannot cross.| Carrying the Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway (CBNS).
| Hog's Back Bridge| Rideau Canal, Ottawa, Ontario
45117554scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Hog's Back Bridge}}| Still swings, Vehicle Traffic| This bridge swings from one end. There is an adjacent fixed bridge over Hog's Back Falls
| Iron Bridge| Third Welland Canal, Thorold, Ontario
43157938scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Iron Bridge}}| No longer swings, Rail TrafficCanadian National Railway>CNR Grimsby Subdivision over the third Welland Canal.
| Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge| Kaministiquia River, Thunder Bay, Ontario
48318915scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Kaministiquia River Swing Bridge}}ACCESS-DATE=31 OCTOBER 2013DATE=31 OCTOBER 2013ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20131103083113/HTTP://WWW.CBC.CA/NEWS/CANADA/THUNDER-BAY/BURNED-BRIDGE-FATE-IN-CN-S-HANDS-OFFICIALS-SAY-1.2303194, 3 November 2013, Canadian National Railway>CNR
| Little Current Swing Bridge
North Channel (Ontario)>North Channel, Little Current, Ontario45488150scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Little Current Swing Bridge}}| Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail)| Built by Algoma Eastern Railway, 1913
| Montrose Swing Bridge| Welland River, Niagara Falls, Ontario
43457911scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Montrose Swing Bridge}}| No longer swings, Rail TrafficCanada Southern Railway, now Canadian Pacific Railway>CPR
| Moray Bridge| Middle Arm of the Fraser River, Richmond, British Columbia
493012313scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Moray Bridge}}| Still swings; Eastbound Vehicle TrafficSea Island (British Columbia)>Sea Island, Richmond, BC (location of Vancouver International Airport) to Lulu Island, Richmond, BC
| New Westminster Bridge| Fraser River, British Columbia
492912238scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=New Westminster Bridge}}| Still swings, Rail Traffic, formerly had 2nd deck for vehiclesNew Westminster, British Columbia>New Westminster and Surrey.
| Pitt River Bridge| Pitt River, British Columbia
495212244scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Pitt River Bridge}}| No longer swings, Vehicle Traffic| Twin side-by-side bridges connecting Port Coquitlam, British Columbia to Pitt Meadows, British Columbia
| Pitt River Railway Bridge| Pitt River, British Columbia
494212201scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Pitt River Bridge}}| Still swings – Rail Traffic| (Please Contribute)
Wasauksing Swing Bridge>Wasauksing (Rose Point) Swing Bridge| South Channel, Georgian Bay, near Parry Sound, Ontario45548040scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Wasauksing Swing Bridge}}| Still swings, Vehicle Traffic (formerly rail)| Links Wasauksing First Nation (Parry Island) to the mainland at Rose Point
| Welland Canal, Bridge 15| Welland Recreational Waterway, Welland, Ontario
42377921scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Welland Canal, Bridge 15}}| No longer swings, Rail TrafficCanada Southern Railway, {{Circa>1910}}. Now operated by Trillium Railway
| Welland Canal, Bridge 20 Approach Span| 2nd and 3rd Welland Canal, Port Colborne, Ontario
42147958scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-ON|name=Welland Canal, Bridge 20 approach}}| No longer swings, Abandoned (formerly rail)| Abandoned 1998 when adjacent Vertical-lift bridge was dismantled.
| Bergen Cut-off Bridge
Red River of the North>Red River, Winnipeg, Manitoba49499753scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-MB|name=Bergen Cut-off Railway Bridge}}| Centre span permanently in open position, allowing unrestricted river traffic| Decommissioned CPR railway bridge (last used in 1946)Superstructure built by Dominion Bridge Co. 1913–1914
|Pont CN-Du port|Lachine Canal, Montreal, Quebec
4524.97326.1scale:10000_type:landmark_region:CA-QC|name=Canal Lachine Bridge}}|No longer swings.Dominion Bridge Company for the Grand Trunk Railway companyweblink {{Bare URL PDF>date=March 2022}} The pivot system and the cockpit are still in place, but the bridge has not been operational since the late 1960sweblink {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

China

  • {{ill|Jintang Bridge (Tianjin)|zh|金汤桥}}, across Hai River in Tianjin

Denmark

  • Lille Langebro Pedestrian double swing bridge crossing the inner harbour at Copenhagen.NEWS, Williams, Fran, WilkinsonEyre creates £9m cycle and pedestrian bridge for Copenhagen harbour,weblink 10 January 2022, Architects Journal, 14 August 2019,

Egypt

File:El Ferdan Railway Bridge.jpg|thumb|El Ferdan Railway Bridge in Egypt; the longest swing bridge in the world, runs from the east of the Suez Canal to the west into Sinai. It is left open most of the time to allow sailing ships to pass in the canal, only closing during the passage of trains.]]

Estonia

  • The Admiral Bridge (Admiralisild) is a pedestrian bridge in Tallinn, Estonia, connecting two parts of the Old City Harbour. It allows access to the Admiralty Pool (Admiraliteedi bassein) for yachts. It became the first swing bridge in Estonia in 2021.

France

  • Le pont tournant rue Dieu, across the Canal Saint-Martin in Paris, is a distinctive location in the 1938 film Hôtel du Nord, and is featured in the opening shot of the film.

Germany

India

File:Poira Bridge.JPG|thumb|Poira-Corjuem Bridge, GoaGoa
  • Garden Reach Road Swing Bridge, for Calcutta Port, Kidderpore, Kolkata{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
  • Poira-Corjuem Bridge, for GSIDC, Corjuem, Goa by Rajdeep Buildcon Pvt. Ltd.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}

Ireland

Italy

File:Ponte Girevole Taranto.jpg|thumb|The Ponte Girevole San Francesco di Paola in TarantoTaranto
  • Ponte Girevole, Taranto (built in 1958, after an 1887 one of similar design but using different materials) – a very unusual type, with two spans that separate at the bridge's center and pivot sideways from the bridge's outer ends.WEB,weblink JPG, Photograph of the Ponte Girevole (Taranto, Italy) while fully open, Cityofart.net, 9 February 2013, WEB,weblink Apertura Ponte Girevole Taranto, YouTube, 16 April 2008, 17 February 2016, live,weblink 3 June 2016,

Latvia

  • Kalpaka Tilts, Liepāja, connecting the city with the former Russian/Soviet port Karosta.

Lithuania

File:Klaipeda most obrotowy 1.jpg|thumb|Chain Bridge, Klaipeda]]
  • Chain Bridge, Klaipeda. Built in 1855 and still working today, this is the only swing bridge in Lithuania. When the bridge is turned, boats and yachts can enter the Castle port. Rotation of the bridge is manual; two people can rotate the bridge.

The Netherlands

(File:Delft Abtwoudsebrug.jpg|thumb|The "Abtswoudsebrug", a swing bridge for bikers and pedestrians built in 1979)
  • The "Abtsewoudsebrug" in Delft, close to the Technische Universiteit Delft, is a bridge of this type. {{Coord|52|0|5.71|N|4|21|50.10|E}}
  • There are four bridges of this type in use on the Afsluitdijk (Enclosure dam). They span the waterways that link the shipping lock complexes to the Wadden Sea.WEB,weblink A7 Afsluitdijk Kornwerderzand: werkzaamheden Lorentzsluizencomplex 9–26 april 2018, 3 April 2018,
  • There is another one on the channel between Ghent (Belgium) and Terneuzen (The Netherlands) at Sas Van Gent.WEB,weblink Draaibrug over het kanaal Gent-Terneuzen bij Sas van Gent, Beeldbank Zeeland Seaports, 1 August 1977, 17 February 2016, live,weblink 17 February 2016,
Many inner cities have swing bridges, since these require less street space than other types of bridges.

New Zealand

(A "swing bridge" in New Zealand refers to a flexible walking track bridge which "swings" as you walk across.)Walkway swingbridge manual / prepared and finalised by S. Chiet ... [et al.] Published by : New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington [N.Z.] : 1986.

Panama

Poland

  • A swing bridge at the Giżycko is one of four bridges that cross over the Luczanski Channel. It is one of ten (four still in operation) swing bridges in Poland.
  • A swing bridge in Ustka, which crosses the SÅ‚upia River, and is walkable every 20 minutes.

South Africa

(File:Clocktower Bridge in Cape Town.jpg|thumb|The Clocktower Bridge, in Cape Town, starting to close behind a small boat)
  • The Clocktower Bridge is a pedestrian swing bridge at the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town.

Ukraine

United Kingdom

File:Northwich Road swing bridge, Warrington.jpg|thumb|Traffic crossing the Northwich Road swing bridge on the Manchester Ship Canal at Stockton Heath, WarringtonWarrington(File:Hull And Barnsley River Hull Bridge.jpg|thumb|Hull Docks branch bridge)In the UK, there is a legal definition in current statute as to what is, or is not a 'swing bridge'BOOK, Highways Act 1980, HMSO, 1980, London, File:Crosskeys Bridge Sutton Bridge Lincolnshire.JPG|thumb|Cross Keys Bridge in Sutton Bridge which carries the A17 over the River Nene in Lincolnshire close to the border with NorfolkNorfolk File:Sulhamstead Tyle Mill swing bridge.JPG|{{center|Bridge with road traffic}}File:Sulhamstead Tyle Mill swing bridge 2.JPG|{{center|Bridge opening}}File:Sulhamstead Tyle Mill swing bridge 4.JPG|{{center|Bridge with canal traffic}}

United States

File:Chincoteague Channel Swing Bridge 002.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The former Chincoteague Channel Swing Bridge in Chincoteague, Virginia, now demolished.]]The largest double swing-span bridge in the United States is the {{convert|3250|ft|m}} long, {{convert|450|ft|m}} navigable span, {{convert|60|ft|m}} clearance George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge.WEB,weblink BUILDING BIG: Databank: George P. Coleman Bridge, Pbs.org, 13 May 1995, 17 February 2016, live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304002010weblink">weblink 4 March 2016, File:SpinningDrawbridge.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A swing bridge near Belle Glade, FloridaBelle Glade, Florida File:I Street Bridge Sacramento.jpg|thumb|right|The swing span of the double-deck I Street Bridge, in SacramentoSacramento Omaha NE Turn Style Bridge is now a historical landmark. Located 86H674H5+98 Used for rail transport. Connecting Council Bluffs, Iowa to downtown Omaha, Nebraska

Uruguay

File:Puente giratorio de Carmelo en 1912.jpg|thumb|373x373px|Carmelo Bridge, UruguayUruguay
  • Carmelo Bridge. Built in 1912 is the oldest swing bridge in all of Latin America.
  • Barra del Santa Lucia Bridge. Built in 1925 as a railway bridge, today is used only by pedestrians.

Vietnam

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category|Swing bridges}} {{Bridge footer}}

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