{{Short description|Rhetoric against lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender people}}{{about|themes, catchphrases, and slogans used against LGBT people|organized opposition|LGBT rights opposition}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}{{Discrimination sidebar}}{{LGBT sidebar}}Anti-LGBT rhetoric comprises themes, catchphrases, and slogans that have been used in order to demean lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. They range from the demeaning and the pejorative to expressions of hostility towards homosexuality which are based on religious, medical, or moral grounds. It is widely considered a form of hate speech,WEB,fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/1226-Factsheet-homophobia-hate-speech-crime_EN.pdf, Hate Speech and Hate Crimes against LGBT Persons, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2009, 17 March 2021, which is illegal in countries such as the Netherlands,WEB,wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/TweedeBoek/TitelV/Artikel137c, Dutch penal code â€“ article 137c, 17 March 2021, Norway,WEB,www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19020522-010-017.html, Norwegian Penal code, Straffeloven, section 135 a., 17 March 2021, and Sweden.NEWS,www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/lag-om-hets-mot-folkgrupp-innefattar-homosexuella,www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/lag-om-hets-mot-folkgrupp-innefattar-homosexuella," title="archive.today/20120724173853www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/lag-om-hets-mot-folkgrupp-innefattar-homosexuella,">archive.today/20120724173853www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/lag-om-hets-mot-folkgrupp-innefattar-homosexuella, Lag om hets mot folkgrupp innefattar homosexuella - DN.SE, 24 July 2012, 24 July 2012, Dagens Nyheter, 17 March 2021, MorÃ©n, Kristoffer, Anti-LGBT rhetoric often consists of moral panic and conspiracy theories. In Eastern Europe, these conspiracy theories are based on earlier antisemitic conspiracy theories and posit that the LGBT movement is an instrument of foreign control and domination.BOOK, Herdt, Gilbert, Gilbert Herdt, Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight Over Sexual Rights, June 2009, New York University Press, 978-0-8147-3723-1, en, {{page needed|date=December 2023}}BOOK, Klosowska, Anna, RomÃ¡n-Odio, C., Sierra, M., Transnational Borderlands in Women’s Global Networks: The Making of Cultural Resistance, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 978-0-230-11947-5, en, Trouble in the Global Village: A Snapshot of LGBT Community in Eastern Europe, 2011, 10.1057/9780230119475_9, Comparative Feminist Studies Series, 179â€“200, {{page needed|date=December 2023}}BOOK, Sherry, Michael S., Gay Artists in Modern American Culture: An Imagined Conspiracy, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007, 978-0-8078-3121-2,archive.org/details/gayartistsinmode00sher/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater, registration, {{page needed|date=December 2023}}

As a foreign conspiracy

In 1969, the Greek junta exited the Council of Europe after being found in violation of the European Convention of Human Rights, judging that the European Commission of Human Rights was “a conspiracy of homosexuals and communists against Hellenic values”.BOOK, Madsen, Mikael Rask, Principled Resistance to ECtHR Judgments - A New Paradigm?, 2019, Springer, 978-3-662-58986-1, 35â€“52, en, Resistance to the European Court of Human Rights: The Institutional and Sociological Consequences of Principled Resistance, BeitrÃ¤ge zum auslÃ¤ndischen Ã¶ffentlichen Recht und VÃ¶lkerrecht, 285, 10.1007/978-3-662-58986-1_2, 210655765, This discourse, promoted by the governments of Hungary and Poland, alleges that LGBT rights movements are controlled by foreign forces (such as the European Union) and are a threat to national independence and western civilization.NEWS, Poland will not let EU ‘force’ it into allowing gay marriages, says justice minister,www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-eu-lgbt/poland-will-not-let-eu-force-it-into-allowing-gay-marriages-says-justice-minister-idUSKCN24L2E7, 24 August 2020, Reuters, 20 July 2020, en, BOOK, Ayoub, Phillip, Paternotte, David, LGBT Activism and the Making of Europe: A Rainbow Europe?, 20 October 2014, Springer, 978-1-137-39176-6,books.google.com/books?id=7hlHBQAAQBAJ&q=LGBT+foreign&pg=PT194, en, JOURNAL, Ayoub, Phillip M., With Arms Wide Shut: Threat Perception, Norm Reception, and Mobilized Resistance to LGBT Rights, Journal of Human Rights, 2014, 13, 3, 337â€“362, 10.1080/14754835.2014.919213, 145577747, NEWS, Harari, Yuval Noah, 50 years after Stonewall: Yuval Noah Harari on the new threats to LGBT rights,www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jun/22/fifty-years-after-the-stonewall-riots-yuval-noah-harari-on-the-new-threats-to-lgbt-freedom, 25 August 2020, The Guardian, 22 June 2019, en, Anti-government protests in Russia and the Euromaidan have also been portrayed by the Russian government as the work of an LGBT conspiracy. Furthermore, although Russia considers itself to be a European country, its government also considers its values as entirely different from those commonly seen within the European Union. More specifically, Russia used to protest against the common European Values in support of LGBT rights, however rather than complaining about these values, Russia has now chosen to openly express their own values, which are entirely against any support for LGBT rights.JOURNAL, VERPOEST, LIEN, 2017, The End of Rhetorics: LGBT policies in Russia and the European Union,www.jstor.org/stable/26531664, Studia Diplomatica, 68, 4, 3â€“20, 26531664, 0770-2965,

As an ideology

{{see also|Anti-gender movement}}File:Strefa wolna od LGBT - cropped, background removes.jpg|thumb|LGBT-free zone stickers distributed by the Gazeta Polska Gazeta PolskaIn 2013, the conservative blog American Thinker published several articles using the phrase ”LGBT ideology”. The Italian Catholic philosopher {{ill|Roberto Marchesini|it}} used the phrase in a 2015 article, equating it with the earlier concept of “gender ideology”. In his article he does not define either “LGBT ideology” or “gender ideology”.NEWS, LeszczyÅ„ski, Adam, ‘Ideologia LGBT’. Co mÃ³wi o niej Andrzej Duda, biskupi i islamiÅ›ci?, ‘LGBT ideology’. What do Andrzej Duda, bishops and Islamists say about it?,oko.press/duda-islamisci-o-lgbt/, 20 August 2020, OKO.press, pl, 17 June 2020, BOOK, Marchesini, Roberto, The Church and Same-Sex Attraction, Brambilla, Giorgia, Tham, Joseph, Sexuality, Gender & Education, 2018, IF Press, Rome, 978-88-6788-141-3, 206,books.google.com/books?id=c9VjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA206, en, Google Books, In 2017, several conservative Islamic politicians in Malaysia and Indonesia attacked “LGBT ideology”.BOOK, Bosia, Michael J., McEvoy, Sandra M., Rahman, Momin, The Oxford Handbook of Global Lgbt and Sexual Diversity Politics, 2020, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-067374-1, 455, en, During a sermon on 1 August 2019, Polish Archbishop Marek JÄ™draszewski called “LGBT ideology” a “rainbow plague” and compared it to the “Red Plague” of Communism.NEWS,www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/polish-archbishop-compares-lgbti-community-to-red-plague-1.3975389, Polish archbishop compares LGBTI community to ‘red plague’, Scally, Derek, August 2, 2019, The Irish Times, August 2, 2019, WEB,tvnwarszawa.tvn24.pl/informacje,news,arcybiskup-mowil-o-teczowej-zarazie-powstancy-oburzeni,296972.html, Arcybiskup mÃ³wiÅ‚ o ‘tÄ™czowej zarazie’. PowstaÅ„cy oburzeni, The Archbishop spoke of the ‘rainbow plague’. The insurgents are outraged, TVN Warszawa, 9 August 2019, TVN, pl, 12 August 2019, Following this, the Czech cardinal Dominik Duka also commented on “LGBT ideology”. However, because Czech society is secular and the Catholic Church has little influence on Czech politics, his comments had little impact. In September 2019, Stanley Bill, a lecturer at Cambridge University who studies Poland, stated “Scaremongering about ‘LGBT ideology’ has almost become official policy in Poland with often nasty insinuations from members of the government and public media now the norm”.NEWS, 28 September 2019, Police fire tear gas and arrest dozens of far-right protesters attempting to disrupt LGBT+ march, en, The Independent,www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/far-right-lgbt-poland-protesters-equality-lublin-law-justice-party-a9124696.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/far-right-lgbt-poland-protesters-equality-lublin-law-justice-party-a9124696.html, 7 May 2022, subscription, live, 9 August 2020, {{cbignore}}In June 2020, Polish President Andrzej Duda drew international attention when he called LGBT an “ideology” and a form of “Neo-Bolshevism”.NEWS, Hoffman, Steven, What is ‘LGBT ideology,’ and why are Polish people talking about it?,www.krakowpost.com/22453/2020/06/what-is-lgbt-ideology-and-why-are-polish-people-talking-about-it, 5 August 2020, The Krakow Post, 20 June 2020, NEWS, Dellanna, Alessio, LGBT campaigners denounce President Duda’s comments on ‘communism’,www.euronews.com/2020/06/15/polish-president-says-lgbt-ideology-is-worse-than-communism, 5 August 2020, Euronews, 15 June 2020, en, Agreement Party MP Jacek Å»alek stated in an interview that the LGBT community “are not people” and “it’s an ideology”, which led to the journalist {{ill|Katarzyna Kolenda-Zaleska|pl}} asking him to leave the studio; the row caused controversy.NEWS, Barejka, Piotr, Jacek Å»alek wyjaÅ›nia, czym jest ‘ideologia LGBT’. I jak w ‘imiÄ™ wolnoÅ›ci wyklucza’, Jacek Å»alek explains what ‘LGBT ideology’ is. And as in ‘in the name of freedom excludes’,wiadomosci.wp.pl/jacek-zalek-wyjasnia-czym-jest-ideologia-lgbt-i-jak-w-imie-wolnosci-wyklucza-6521001957918849a, 20 August 2020, Wiadomosci.wp.pl, 13 June 2020, pl, The next day, Duda said at a rally in Silesia: “They are trying to convince us that [LGBT] is people, but it is just an ideology.“NEWS, Poland’s LGBT community speaks up: ‘We are people, not an ideology’,kafkadesk.org/2020/06/24/poland-lgbt-community-speaks-up-we-are-people-not-an-ideology/, 20 August 2020, Kafkadesk, 24 June 2020, He promised to “ban the propagation of LGBT ideology in public institutions”, including schools, similar to the Russian gay propaganda law. On the same day, PiS MP PrzemysÅ‚aw Czarnek said on a TVP Info talk show, regarding a photo of a naked person in a gay bar, “Let’s defend ourselves against LGBT ideology and stop listening to those idiocies about human rights or equality. These people are not equal to normal people.“NEWS,polskatimes.pl/przemyslaw-czarnek-o-zdjeciu-z-osobami-lgbt-ci-ludzie-nie-sa-rowni-normalnym-ludziom/ar/c1-15025218, PrzemysÅ‚aw Czarnek o zdjÄ™ciu z osobami LGBT: Ci ludzie nie sÄ… rÃ³wni normalnym ludziom, PrzemysÅ‚aw Czarnek about the photo with LGBT people: These people are not equal to normal people, pl, 21 August 2020, Polska Times, 14 June 2020, In July 2020, the European Union announced that it will not provide funding to six Polish towns that have declared themselves “LGBT-free zones”, after nearly 100 local governments, a third of Poland’s territory, declared themselves “free from LGBT ideology.“NEWS, Pronczuk, Monika, 30 July 2020,www.nytimes.com/2020/07/30/world/europe/LGBT-free-poland-EU-funds.html, Polish Towns That Declared Themselves ‘L.G.B.T. Free’ Are Denied E.U. Funds, The New York Times, limited, On 1 August 2020, the anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising, ultranationalist Robert Winnicki compared LGBT to communist and Nazi ideology. He stated, “Every plague passes at some point. The German plague passed, which was consuming Poland for six years, the red plague passed, the rainbow plague is also going to pass.“NEWS, Santora, Marc, In Poland, the Rainbow Flag Is Wrapped Up in a Broader Culture War,www.nytimes.com/2020/08/06/world/europe/poland-rainbow-flag-statues.html, 20 August 2020, The New York Times, 6 August 2020, limited, In August 2020, Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro announced a new program for “counteracting crimes related to the violation of freedom of conscience committed under the influence of LGBT ideology”. From a government fund intended to help victims of crime, PLN 613,698 was awarded to a foundation to combat the alleged crimes of “LGBT ideology”.NEWS, Kuriozalny projekt finansowany przez Fundusz SprawiedliwoÅ›ci. Chodzi o przestÄ™pstwa ‘popeÅ‚niane pod wpÅ‚ywem ideologii LGBT’, A bizarre project financed by the Justice Fund. It’s about crimes ‘committed under the influence of LGBT ideology’,bezprawnik.pl/przestepstwa-pod-wplywem-ideologii-lgbt/, 20 August 2020, Bezprawnik, 5 August 2020, pl-PL, NEWS, Powstanie ksiÄ…Å¼ka o rzekomych przestÄ™pstwach popeÅ‚nianych pod wpÅ‚ywem ‘ideologii LGBT’. ZapÅ‚aci ministerstwo, There will be a book about alleged crimes committed under the influence of ‘LGBT ideology’. The Ministry will pay,www.tokfm.pl/Tokfm/7,103087,26192859,powstanie-ksiazka-o-rzekomych-przestepstwach-popelnianych-pod.html, 20 August 2020, TOK FM, pl, NEWS, IBA â€“ IBAHRI condemns LGBTQI+ rights crackdown in Poland,www.ibanet.org/Article/NewDetail.aspx?ArticleUid=0ce7ba4e-9a8f-48df-89d0-3a4e730047dc, 20 August 2020, Ibanet.org, en-gb, The project, among other things, explores a supposed connection between LGBT ideology and the Frankfurt School.NEWS, Burnetko, Krzysztof, StraÅ¼nicy pamiÄ™ci i resort Ziobry walczÄ… z ‘inwazjÄ… LGBT’, Memory guardians and Ziobro’s resort are fighting the ‘LGBT invasion’,www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1966652,1,straznicy-pamieci-i-resort-ziobry-walcza-z-inwazja-lgbt.read, 20 August 2020, Polityka, 6 August 2020, pl, At the 16 August “Stop LGBT aggression” rally that year, Krzysztof Bosak said that even irreligious people are among opponents of “LGBT ideology” because it is “contrary to common sense and rational thinking”. He also said that the LGBT community is “a lower form of social life”.NEWS, Mazzini, Mateusz, Narodowcy zapowiadajÄ… ofensywÄ™ anty-LGBT, Nationalists announce an anti-LGBT offensive,www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/kraj/1967766,1,narodowcy-zapowiadaja-ofensywe-anty-lgbt.read, 20 August 2020, Polityka, 16 August 2020, pl,
Criticism
According to Krakow Post, a Polish newspaper, “LGBT is not an ideology ... The phrase ‘LGBT ideology’ makes about as much sense as ‘redhead ideology’ or ‘left-handed ideology.{{’ “}} While the support of many LGBT people and their allies improved LGBT rights, they have differing political views. According to Notes from Poland, “attacks on ‘LGBT ideology’ â€“ which often rely on exaggerated, distorted or invented claims â€“ result in the marginalisation and demonisation of such people.“NEWS, Tilles, Daniel, Poland’s anti-LGBT campaign explained: 10 questions and answers,notesfrompoland.com/2020/06/17/polands-anti-lgbt-campaign-explained-ten-questions-and-answers/, 20 August 2020, Notes From Poland, 17 June 2020, Center-right presidential candidate Szymon HoÅ‚ownia, who is a practicing Catholic, stated, “there is no such thing as LGBT ideology, there are [LGBT] people”. He said that anti-LGBT rhetoric from politicians could lead vulnerable people to suicide. In protest at the comments made by the president and Å»alek, LGBT people have held pickets in various towns and cities in Poland, opposing the idea that LGBT is an ideology.NEWS, ‘Nie jestem ideologiÄ…, jestem czÅ‚owiekiem’. Pikieta Å›rodowisk LGBT., ‘I am not an ideology, I am a human being’. A picket of the LGBT community.,gazetagazeta.com/2020/06/nie-jestem-ideologia-jestem-czlowiekiem-pikieta-srodowisk-lgbt/, 20 August 2020, Gazeta Dziennik Polonii w Kanadzie, pl, 18 June 2020, NEWS, WrocÅ‚awski protest LGBT: ‘Jestem czÅ‚owiekiem, nie ideologiÄ…!’ [ZDJÄ˜CIA], WrocÅ‚aw LGBT protest: ‘I am a human being, not an ideology!’ [PHOTOS],www.tuwroclaw.com/fotogaleria,wroclawski-protest-lgbt-jestem-czlowiekiem-nie-ideologia-zdjecia,fot5-7-7653.html, 20 August 2020, Tuwroclaw.com, pl, NEWS, ‘LGBT to ludzie. Nie ideologia’. W sobotÄ™ manifestacja w Pile, ‘LGBT are people. Not an ideology’. Demonstration in PiÅ‚a on Saturday,www.asta24.pl/2020/06/19/lgbt-to-ludzie-nie-ideologia-w-sobote-manifestacja-w-pile, 20 August 2020, Asta24.pl, pl, NEWS, Grabiec, Marta, Nie jestem ‘ideologiÄ…’, jestem czÅ‚owiekiem. Protest LGBT+ pod lubelskim ratuszem. Zobacz zdjÄ™cia, I am not ‘ideology’, I am human. LGBT+ protest in front of the Lublin City Hall. See photos,kurierlubelski.pl/nie-jestem-ideologia-jestem-czlowiekiem-protest-lgbt-pod-lubelskim-ratuszem-zobacz-zdjecia/ar/c11-15031796, 20 August 2020, Kurier Lubelski, 17 June 2020, pl-PL, Activists also created a film, “Ludzie, nie ideologia” (People, not ideology) showcasing the families of LGBT people.NEWS, Seiler, Katarzyna, ‘Kocham go, bo jest dobrym czÅ‚owiekiem’. Bliscy osÃ³b LGBT+ bohaterami nowego filmu ‘Ludzie, nie ideologia’,www.wysokieobcasy.pl/wysokie-obcasy/7,163229,26082028,kocham-go-bo-jest-dobrym-czlowiekiem-bliscy-osob-lgbt-bohaterami.html?disableRedirects=true, ‘I love him because he is a good person.’ LGBT + people’s relatives as the heroes of the new film ‘People, not ideology’, 20 August 2020, Gazeta Wyborcza, pl, 29 June 2020, An article in OKO.press compared the anti-LGBT campaign to the 1968 “anti-Zionist” campaign: during the anti-Zionist campaign, people said that they were targeting Zionism as an ideology, but ended up targeting Jews as people. Many Jews were forced out of the country in 1968, and LGBT people are emigrating from Poland in 2020.NEWS, Krawczyk, StanisÅ‚aw, ‘Ideologia LGBT’ jak ‘syjoniÅ›ci’ w 68. Tak PiS odczÅ‚owiecza mniejszoÅ›Ä‡, ‘LGBT ideology’ like ‘Zionists’ in ‘68. This is how PiS dehumanises the minority,oko.press/ideologia-lgbt-jak-syjonisci-w-68-roku-tak-pis-odczlowiecza-mniejszosc/, 20 August 2020, OKO.press, pl, 16 June 2020, According to Polish historian Adam LeszczyÅ„ski, “LGBT ideology” is{{blockquote|a bag into which the right wing throws societal changes that do not suit it (eg. calls for equal rights for same-sex couples, which have been implemented in many countries, from the United States to South Africa). In the language of right-wing propaganda... ‘LGBT ideology’ serves to dehumanize minorities and create an enemy â€“ and thus build political support for the right, which presents itself as the only defender of the traditional family, religion and social order. ‘Ideology’ also fits the right-wing perception of the world in terms of a conspiracy â€“ ideology is ‘promoted’, someone disseminates it, someone is ‘behind it’ (eg. George Soros, a Jewish-American financier who supports, among others, LGBT organizations).NEWS, Adam, LeszczyÅ„ski, IntelektualiÅ›ci prawicy o LGBT: nihilizm, bolszewia, hitleryzm. O co chodzi? TÅ‚umaczymy ten obÅ‚Ä™d, Right-wing intellectuals about LGBT: nihilism, Bolshevik, Nazism. What is it about? We translate this madness,oko.press/intelektualisci-prawicy-o-lgbt-nihilizm-bolszewia-hitleryzm-o-co-chodzi-tlumaczymy-ten-obled/, 20 August 2020, OKO.press, 5 August 2020, pl, ‘Ideologia LGBT’ to pojÄ™cieâ€“worek, do ktÃ³rego prawica wrzuca te zmiany cywilizacyjne, ktÃ³re jej nie odpowiadajÄ… (np. postulaty rÃ³wnouprawnienia zwiÄ…zkÃ³w jednopÅ‚ciowych, w wielu krajach â€” od USA po RPA â€” zrealizowane). W jÄ™zyku propagandy prawicowej, jak pisaÅ‚ w OKO.press StanisÅ‚aw Krawczyk, ‘ideologia LGBT’ sÅ‚uÅ¼y odczÅ‚owieczaniu mniejszoÅ›ci oraz kreowaniu wroga â€” a wiÄ™c budowaniu politycznego poparcia dla prawicy, ktÃ³ra przedstawia siÄ™ jako jedyna obroÅ„czyni tradycyjnej rodziny, religii i Å‚adu spoÅ‚ecznego. ‘Ideologia’ pasuje takÅ¼e do czÄ™stego na prawicy postrzegania Å›wiata w kategoriach spisku â€” ideologiÄ™ ktoÅ› ‘promuje’, ktoÅ› upowszechnia, ktoÅ› ‘za niÄ… stoi’ (np. George Soros, Å¼ydowskoâ€“amerykaÅ„ski finansista, wspierajÄ…cy m.in. organizacje LGBT)., }}
Dehumanization
File:Madrid - Los de siempre.jpg|thumb|“Stay in the closet; gay=scum”: graffiti in Madrid Madrid Dehumanization is a frequent feature of anti-LGBT rhetoric, which may take the form of comparing LGBT people to animals or equating homosexual relationships with bestiality.BOOK, Bender, Steven W., Sexuality and Dehumanization: Homophobia in U.S. Law and Life, 2015, 10.18574/nyu/9781479899623.003.0007, Mea Culpa: Lessons on Law and Regret from U.S. History, 93â€“100, New York University Press, THESIS, Guerrero-Coral, Mario Andres, The Discursive Construction of Hate: A Comparative Analysis of the Marginalization and Dehumanization of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany and in Pre-Stonewall United States, 2020, York University, PhD,yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/37472, en,
Slurs
{{Further|LGBT slang#Slurs}}According to one study, “homophobic epithets foster dehumanization and avoidance of gay people, in ways that other insults or labels do not.“JOURNAL, Fasoli, Fabio, Paladino, Maria Paola, Carnaghi, Andrea, Jetten, Jolanda, Bastian, Brock, Bain, Paul G., Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men: Homophobic epithets and dehumanization, European Journal of Social Psychology, 2016, 46, 2, 237â€“248, 10.1002/ejsp.2148, 10071/12705,eprints.qut.edu.au/90602/11/EJSP_dehumanization_uncorrected.pdf, free, Another study found that homophobia “results in substantial health and welfare effects”.JOURNAL, Plummer, David, Homophobia and health: Unjust, anti-social, harmful and endemic, Health Care Analysis, 1995, 3, 2, 150â€“156, 10.1007/BF02198224, 10143359, 34638623,
Calls for violence
File:Smrt pederima plato.jpg|thumb|“Death to faggots!”: Serbian graffiti in Belgrade BelgradeAnti-LGBT rhetoric also includes calls for violence against LGBT people and suggestions that they should be killed or die,BOOK, Duyvendak, Jan Willem, Geschiere, Peter, Tonkens, Evelien, The Culturalization of Citizenship: Belonging and Polarization in a Globalizing World, 30 June 2016, Springer, 978-1-137-53410-1, 123,books.google.com/books?id=VjuVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123, en, such as in Cyprus,JOURNAL, Baider, Fabienne, “Go to hell fucking faggots, may you die!” framing the LGBT subject in online comments, Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 2018, 14, 1, 69â€“92, 10.1515/lpp-2018-0004, 158928585, Iran,NEWS, Walsh, Alistair, Iran defends execution of gay people {{!, DW {{!}} 12.06.2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-defends-execution-of-gay-people/a-49144899 |access-date=24 August 2020 |work= |date=12 June 2019}} Russia,NEWS, Fitzsimons, Tim, Russian LGBTQ activist is killed after being listed on gay-hunting website,www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/russian-lgbtq-activist-killed-after-being-listed-saw-inspired-site-n1032841, 26 August 2020, NBC News, 23 July 2019, en, the United States,NEWS, Alabama mayor suggested ‘killing out’ gay people,www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48521788, 24 August 2020, BBC News, 4 June 2019, NEWS, US church pastor and detective says LGBT people should be killed,www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/church-pastor-lgbt-people-killed-death-grayson-fritts-baptist-a8958846.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/church-pastor-lgbt-people-killed-death-grayson-fritts-baptist-a8958846.html, 7 May 2022, subscription, live, 24 August 2020, The Independent, 14 June 2019, en, {{cbignore}} Malawi,NEWS, Homosexuals should be killed - Malawi politician,www.news24.com/news24/Africa/News/homosexuals-should-be-killed-malawi-politician-20160104-2, 30 August 2020, News24, en, or Uganda.In Serbia, members of Obraz chanted “Death to faggots” () and posted posters stating “we are waiting for you” () next to an image of a baseball bat. In 2012, the organization was banned by the Constitutional Court of Serbia due to extremism.NEWS, ÐŸÐµÑ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð°, ÐžÐ±Ñ€Ð°Ð·” Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ´ Ð£ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÑƒÐ´Ð¾Ð¼,www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/201317/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4-%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC, 30 August 2020, Politika Online, 14 December 2011, WEB,www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2012&mm=06&dd=12&nav_category=12&nav_id=617788, Ustavni sud Srbije zabranio “Obraz”, B92.net, 22 November 2017,
Anti-gay themes
{{Split section|Homophobic trope|date=September 2023}}Anti-gay activists claim that homosexuality goes against traditional family values, that homosexuality is a Trojan Horse, or that it destroys families and humankindWEB, Mills, Laura, Associated Press,www.ctvnews.ca/sports/ahead-of-olympics-russia-raises-anti-lgbt-rhetoric-1.1562570, Russia raises anti-LGBT rhetoric at home while softening message to West, CTV News, 2013-11-27, 2014-03-12, through homosexual {{pslink|recruitment}} which will lead to the extinction of humanity.President Mugabe: homosexuality will ‘lead to extinction’
Homosexuality as a cause of disasters
The argument that homosexuals cause natural disasters has been around for more than a thousand years, even before Justinian blamed earthquakes on “unchecked homosexual behavior” in the sixth century.BOOK, Dynes, Wayne R., Encyclopedia of Homosexuality: Volume II, Routledge, 978-1-317-36812-0, 870,books.google.com/books?id=g7TOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT120, Myths & Fabrications, 2016, This trope was common in early modern Christian literature;BOOK, Greenberg, David F., The Construction of Homosexuality, 15 August 1990, University of Chicago Press, 978-0-226-30628-5, 168,books.google.com/books?id=RKhFRgR-1awC&pg=PA168, en, homosexuals were blamed for earthquakes, floods, famines, plagues, invasions of Saracens, and field mice. This discourse was revived by Anita Bryant in 1976 when she blamed homosexuals for droughts in California. In the U.S., right-wing religious groups including the Westboro Baptist Church continue to claim that homosexuals are responsible for disasters.JOURNAL, Dominey-Howes, Dale, Gorman-Murray, Andrew, McKinnon, Scott, Queering disasters: on the need to account for LGBTI experiences in natural disaster contexts, Gender, Place & Culture, 2014, 21, 7, 905â€“918, 10.1080/0966369X.2013.802673, 146478126,ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21638, Homosexuals have been blamed for hurricanes, including Isaac, Katrina, and Sandy.NEWS, Dowling, Tim, Superstorm Sandy and many more disasters that have been blamed on the gay community,www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2012/oct/30/hurricane-sandy-disasters-blamed-gay-community, 24 August 2020, The Guardian, 30 October 2012, In 2020, various religious figures including Israeli rabbi Meir Mazuz have argued that the COVID-19 pandemic is divine retribution for same-sex activity or pride parades.NEWS, Religious figures blame LGBT+ people for coronavirus,www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lgbt/religious-figures-blame-lgbt-people-for-coronavirus-idUSKBN20W2HL, 24 August 2020, Reuters, 9 March 2020, en, Following the September 2001 attacks, televangelist Jerry Falwell blamed “the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People for the American Way” for provoking the aggression of Islamic fundamentalists and causing God to withdraw his protection for America.NEWS, Goodstein, Laurie, After the Attacks: Finding Fault; Falwell’s Finger-Pointing Inappropriate, Bush Says,www.nytimes.com/2001/09/15/us/after-attacks-finding-fault-falwell-s-finger-pointing-inappropriate-bush-says.html, The New York Times, 15 September 2001, A15, 1058508513, limited, On the broadcast of the Christian television program The 700 Club, Falwell said, “You helped this happen”. He later apologized and said, “I would never blame any human being except the terrorists”.WEB,edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/14/Falwell.apology/,edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/14/Falwell.apology/," title="web.archive.org/web/20210412224306edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/14/Falwell.apology/,">web.archive.org/web/20210412224306edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/14/Falwell.apology/, April 12, 2021, Falwell apologizes to gays, feminists, lesbians, CNN, live, NEWS, Falwell and Robertson Blame Liberal America,www.snopes.com/fact-check/falwell-and-above/, 24 August 2020, Snopes.com, In 2012, Chilean politician Ignacio Urrutia claimed that allowing homosexuals to serve in the Chilean military would cause PerÃº and Bolivia to invade and destroy his country.NEWS, ‘Si aceptan homosexuales en el EjÃ©rcito, PerÃº y Bolivia nos volarÃ¡n la raja’ {{!, Noticias {{!}} elmundo.es |url=https://www.elmundo.es/america/2012/10/10/noticias/1349900629.html |access-date=5 September 2020 |work=www.elmundo.es |date=2012}}
AIDS as punishment
{{Further|AIDS#Stigma|Gay-related immune deficiency}}An outgrowth of the discourse on homosexuality {{pslink|causing disasters}} argues that HIV/AIDS is divine punishment for homosexuality.BOOK, Bright, G., Plague-Making and the AIDS Epidemic: A Story of Discrimination, 14 February 2012, Springer, 978-1-137-01122-0,books.google.com/books?id=vcRfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT198, en, JOURNAL, Murphy, T F, Is AIDS a just punishment?, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1988, 14, 3, 154â€“160, 10.1136/jme.14.3.154, 3184138, 1375741, free, During the early years of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, mainstream newspapers labeled it a “gay plague”.NEWS, ‘Gay plague’: The vile, horrific and inhumane way the media reported the AIDS crisis,www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/11/30/world-aids-day-1980s-headlines-tabloids/, 21 August 2020, PinkNews, 30 November 2018, BOOK, Dowsett, Gary, Herdt, Gilbert, Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights, 2009, New York University Press, 978-0-8147-3732-3, 130â€“, en, The “gay plague” revisited: AIDS and its enduring moral panic, JOURNAL, Howard, Ken, Gavin Yamey, Magazine’s HIV claim rekindles “gay plague” row, BMJ: British Medical Journal, 2003, 326, 7386, 454, 10.1136/bmj.326.7386.454, 1125344, 0959-8138, For a few years, the misleading technical name for the disease was gay-related immune deficiency.NEWS, The terrifying experiences of a gay man who lived through the AIDs crisis,www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/aids-crisis-1980-eighties-remember-gay-man-hiv-positive-funerals-partners-disease-michael-penn-a7511671.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/aids-crisis-1980-eighties-remember-gay-man-hiv-positive-funerals-partners-disease-michael-penn-a7511671.html, 7 May 2022, subscription, live, 21 August 2020, The Independent, 6 January 2017, en, {{cbignore}}The slogan “AIDS Kills Fags Dead” (a pun on the commercial slogan for Raid insecticide “Raid Kills Bugs Dead“) appeared during the early years of AIDS in the United States, when the disease was mainly diagnosed among male homosexuals and was almost invariably fatal. The slogan caught on quickly as a catchy truism, a chant, or simply something written as graffiti. It is reported that the slogan first appeared in public in the early 1990s, when Sebastian Bach, the former lead singer of the heavy metal band Skid Row, wore it on a t-shirt thrown to him by an audience member.Michael Musto. “La Dolce Musto”, village voice, 2000. WEB,www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0022,musto,15284,15.html, La Dolce Musto, 2007-03-26, dead,www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0022%2Cmusto%2C15284%2C15.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20070322195624www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0022%2Cmusto%2C15284%2C15.html,">web.archive.org/web/20070322195624www.villagevoice.com/nyclife/0022%2Cmusto%2C15284%2C15.html, 2007-03-22, The slogan “AIDS cures fags” is used by the Westboro Baptist Church.NEWS, Anti-Gay Protesters Descend on LISD,www.kcbd.com/story/1597495/anti-gay-protesters-descend-on-lisd/, 21 August 2020, kcbd.com, BOOK, Claussen, Dane S., Sex, Religion, Media, 2002, Rowman & Littlefield, 978-0-7425-1558-1, 193,books.google.com/books?id=IldQ0C0mTxIC&pg=PA193, en,
Homosexuality as unnatural
File:Park Kosynierow in Poznan (chlopak dziewczyna normalna rodzina).jpg|thumb|Graffiti in PoznaÅ„, Poland: “Boyâ€“girl is the normal family”. This has, in turn, been graffitied to add the word “not” in Polish, and two female symbols.]]Describing homosexuality as unnatural dates back to Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas. However, there is no single definition of “unnatural”. Some of those who argue that homosexuality is unnatural in the sense of being absent from nature, an argument refuted by the presence of homosexuality in animals. Others mean that the genitals were created for reproduction (either by God or natural selection) and are not intended to be used for purposes they deem “unnatural”. Proponents of this idea often argue that homosexuality is immoral because it is unnatural, but opponents argue that this argument makes an isâ€“ought conflation. Some proponents of the “unnaturalness” thesis argue that homosexual behavior is the result of “{{pslink|recruitment}}” or willful sinfulness.BOOK, Hopkins, Patrick D., Queer Philosophy, Brill {{!, Rodopi |isbn=978-94-012-0835-2 |pages=1â€“9 |doi=10.1163/9789401208352_002 |chapter=Naturalizing homosexuality: biology, sexual orientation, and the nature/culture distinction |year=2012}}
Homosexuality as a disease
Nazi propaganda described homosexuality as a contagious diseaseBOOK, Giles, Geoffrey J., The Routledge History of the Holocaust, 2010, Routledge, 978-0-203-83744-3, The Persecution of Gay Men and Lesbians During the Third Reich, 385â€“396, but not in the medical sense. Rather, homosexuality was a disease of the (national body), a metaphor for the desired national or racial community (). According to Nazi ideology, individuals’ lives were to be subordinated to the like cells in the human body. Homosexuality was seen as a virus or cancer in the because it was seen as a threat to the German nation.BOOK, Whisnant, Clayton J., Clayton J. Whisnant, Queer Identities and Politics in Germany: A History, 1880â€“1945, 2016, Columbia University Press, 978-1-939594-10-5, en, 227, The SS newspaper Das Schwarze Korps argued that 40,000 homosexuals were capable of “poisoning” two million men if left to roam free.JOURNAL, Zinn, Alexander, Â»Das sind StaatsfeindeÂ« Die NS-Homosexuellenverfolgung 1933â€“1945, “They are enemies of the state”: The Nazi persecution of homosexuals 1933â€“1945, Bulletin des Fritz Bauer Instituts, 12, 2020,www.fritz-bauer-institut.de/fileadmin/editorial/publikationen/einsicht/Einsicht-2020_Einzelseiten.pdf, 1868-4211, Some of those who called homosexuality {{pslink|unnatural}}, such as Traditional Values Coalition head and Christian right activist Louis Sheldon, said that if it were proven to be a biologically based phenomenon, it would still be diseased. The psychiatric establishment in the west once medicalized same-sex desire. In the United States, homosexuality was removed in 1973 as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as it did not meet the criteria for a mental disorder.JOURNAL, Drescher, Jack, 2015-12-04, Out of DSM: Depathologizing Homosexuality, Behavioral Sciences, 5, 4, 565â€“575, 10.3390/bs5040565, 2076-328X, 4695779, 26690228, free, WEB,www.soulforce.org/article/642,www.soulforce.org/article/642," title="web.archive.org/web/20100324080417www.soulforce.org/article/642,">web.archive.org/web/20100324080417www.soulforce.org/article/642, dead, 24 March 2010, Gay Is Okay With APA (American Psychiatric Association), 24 March 2010, WEB,www.courts.ca.gov/documents/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf, Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) â€“ APA California Amicus Brief â€” As Filed, 2010-12-21, The Catholic Church still officially teaches that “homosexual tendencies” are “objectively disordered”.NEWS, Stances of Faiths on LGBTQ Issues: Roman Catholic Church,www.hrc.org/resources/stances-of-faiths-on-lgbt-issues-roman-catholic-church, 26 August 2020, HRC, In 2016, anti-LGBT rhetoric was increasing in Indonesia under the Twitter hashtag #TolakLGBT (#RejectLGBT) and claims that LGBT is a disease.NEWS, Mollman, Steve, “LGBT is a disease, not a human right“â€”a growing movement in Indonesia rejects gay rights,qz.com/617445/lgbt-is-a-disease-not-a-human-right-a-growing-movement-in-indonesia-rejects-gay-rights/, 25 August 2020, Quartz, 16 February 2016, en, In 2019, Archbishop Marek JÄ™draszewski claimed that a “rainbow plague” is threatening Poland.NEWS, Liberals fear unrest as Poland Catholic Church doubles down on anti-gay rhetoric,www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-lgbt-bishop/liberals-fear-unrest-as-poland-catholic-church-doubles-down-on-anti-gay-rhetoric-idUSKCN1US1EN, 20 August 2020, Reuters, 2 August 2019, en, In 2020, the education minister defended an official who warned that “LGBT virus” was threatening Polish schools, and was more dangerous than COVID-19.NEWS, Tilles, Daniel, Education minister defends official who warned “LGBT virus” threatens Polish schools,notesfrompoland.com/2020/08/25/education-minister-defends-official-who-warned-lgbt-virus-threatens-polish-schools/, 25 August 2020, Notes From Poland, 25 August 2020,
Homosexuality as a choice or lifestyle
{{redirect|Gay lifestyle|the culture of gay people|LGBT culture}}Along with the idea of “homosexual recruitment”, the idea of a ”gay lifestyle” or ”homosexual lifestyle” is used by social and religious conservatives in the United States to argue that non-heterosexual sexual orientations are consciously chosen.JOURNAL, Mutz, Larry, A Fairy Tale: The Myth of the Homosexual Lifestyle in Anti-Gay-and-Lesbian Rhetoric, Women’s Rights Law Reporter, Spring 2006, 27, 2, 69â€“, 0085-8269, BOOK, LeVay, Simon,archive.org/details/gaystraightreaso0000leva_e5c2/page/22/mode/2uphttps://archive.org/details/gaystraightreaso0000leva_e5c2/page/22/mode/2up, Gay, Straight, and the Reason why: The Science of Sexual Orientation, Oxford University Press, 2017, 978-0-19-029737-4, 2nd, 22, Simon LeVay, registration, However, scientists favor biological explanations for sexual orientation, arguing that people typically feel no sense of control over their sexual orientation or attractions.JOURNAL, Bailey, J. Michael, Vasey, Paul L., Diamond, Lisa M., Breedlove, S. Marc, Vilain, Eric, Epprecht, Marc, 2016, Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17, 2, 45â€“101, 10.1177/1529100616637616, 27113562, 42281410, free, The term “gay lifestyle” may also be used disparagingly for a series of stereotyped behaviours.BOOK, Crooks, Robert L., Baur, Karla, Our Sexuality, 2010, Cengage Learning, 978-0-495-81294-4, {{Page needed|date=June 2021}}Christian right activists may worry that increasing LGBT rights will make the “gay lifestyle” more attractive to young people.BOOK, Barton, Bernadette, Pray the Gay Away: The Extraordinary Lives of Bible Belt Gays,books.google.com/books?id=vW9LEqpY0-sC&pg=PA194, 2012, New York University Press, 978-0-8147-2442-2, 194, US media in the 1970s frequently used the term “alternative lifestyle” as a euphemism for homosexuality, and the term was employed in an anti-gay context by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, as well as supporters of California’s Proposition 6, which would have barred openly gay teachers in public schools.BOOK, Ryan, Maureen E., Lifestyle Media in American Culture: Gender, Class, and the Politics of Ordinariness, 2018, Routledge, 978-1-315-46495-4, New York, 43â€“44, In 1977, while campaigning against a local ordinance protecting gay teachers against employment discrimination, anti-gay activist Anita Bryant stated, “A homosexual is not born, they are made”.BOOK, Spitko, E. Gary, Antigay Bias in Role-Model Occupations, 2017, University of Pennsylvania Press, 978-0-8122-4870-8, 89,books.google.com/books?id=itRzDQAAQBAJ&q=anti-gay+%22lifestyle%22&pg=PA89, US president Ronald Reagan described the gay rights movement as opposed to American culture, saying the movement was “asking for a recognition and acceptance of an alternative lifestyle which I do not believe society can condone”.{{r|Ryan p43}}
Homosexuality as sinful or ungodly
{{Redirect|Adam and Steve|the 2005 film|Adam & Steve}}{{Further|Religion and homosexuality}}File:Westboro Baptist Church at University of Kansas graduation.jpg|thumb|alt=Two women standing on a university campus sidewalk, holding placards reading “Gay Hawks”, “God Hates Fag Enablers”, “God Hates Fags”, and “Fags Doom Nations“|Members of the Westboro Baptist Church picketing at the University of Kansas University of KansasMany conservative Christians consider homosexual acts to be inherently sinful based on common interpretations of scriptural passages such as (Leviticus 18:22) (“You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination“), (Leviticus 20:13) (“If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death, their blood is upon them“), and 1 Corinthians 6:9â€“10 (“Do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived! Fornicators, idolaters, adulterers, male prostitutes, sodomites, thieves, the greedy, drunkards, revilers, robbersâ€”none of these will inherit the kingdom of God.“) The story of Sodom and Gomorrah, two biblical cities which were burned down due to the sins of its inhabitants, is sometimes portrayed as divine retribution for homosexual behavior.JOURNAL, Pitt, Richard N., “Killing the Messenger”: Religious Black Gay Men’s Neutralization of Anti-Gay Religious Messages, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2010, 49, 1, 56â€“72, 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2009.01492.x, JOURNAL, Gnuse, Robert K., Seven Gay Texts: Biblical Passages Used to Condemn Homosexuality, Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture, 2015, 45, 2, 68â€“87, 10.1177/0146107915577097, 170127256, Various inflammatory and controversial slogans, including some listed in the next section, have been used by opponent congregations and individuals, particularly by Fred Phelps, founder of the Westboro Baptist Church. These slogans have included “God Hates Fags”, “Fear God Not Fags”, and “Matthew Shepard Burns In Hell”.WEB,portlandmercury.com/2000-09-14/city.html,portlandmercury.com/2000-09-14/city.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20050310064914portlandmercury.com/2000-09-14/city.html,">web.archive.org/web/20050310064914portlandmercury.com/2000-09-14/city.html, 2005-03-10, Dunn, Katia. “What If God Were Gay?”. Portland Mercury, 2014-03-12, File:God hates lechery.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Two identical posters side-by-side on an outdoor wall reading “God hates lechery” in Hebrew|Posters in (Tel Aviv]] prior to the city’s Pride Parade: “God hates lechery”)Homosexuality is also frequently considered sinful in Islam. In some Middle Eastern countries, acts of homosexuality are punishable by death. Anti-LGBT rhetoric and political homophobia are growing in some Muslim countries.JOURNAL, Boellstorff, Tom, The emergence of political homophobia in Indonesia: masculinity and national belonging, Ethnos, 2004, 69, 4, 465â€“486, 10.1080/0014184042000302308, 143971007,www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3k89m64b, JOURNAL, Hamdi, Nassim, Lachheb, Monia, Anderson, Eric, Masculinity, homosexuality and sport in an Islamic state of increasing homohysteria, Journal of Gender Studies, 2017, 26, 6, 688â€“701, 10.1080/09589236.2016.1155979, 147347384, BOOK, Weiss, Meredith L., Bosia, Michael J., Korycki, Katarzyna, Nasirzadeh, Abouzar, Global Homophobia: States, Movements, and the Politics of Oppression, University of Illinois Press, 978-0-252-09500-9,www.researchgate.net/publication/303759230, Homophobia as a Tool of Statecraft: Iran and Its Queers, 31 August 2013, JOURNAL, Thoreson, Ryan Richard, Troubling the waters of a ‘wave of homophobia’: Political economies of anti-queer animus in sub-Saharan Africa, Sexualities, 2014, 17, 1â€“2, 23â€“42, 10.1177/1363460713511098, 144030716, BOOK, Wieringa, Saskia E., Fealy, Greg, Ricci, Ronit, Contentious Belonging: Contentious Belonging, ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 978-981-4843-49-2, en, Is the Recent Wave of Homophobia in Indonesia Unexpected?, 27 May 2019, {{Excessive citations inline|date=September 2021}}Other religious leaders including Christians, Muslims, and Jews have denounced anti-LGBT rhetoric.NEWS, Poland’s Jewish leaders deplore stigmatization of LGBTQ people,www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/poland-s-jewish-leaders-deplore-stigmatization-lgbt-people-n1231282, 24 August 2020, NBC News, en, WEB, The Faith Leaders Leading the Fight for LGBTQ Equality,www.hrc.org/news/the-faith-leaders-leading-the-fight-for-lgbtq-equality, HRC, 26 October 2017, 24 August 2020, BOOK, Jones, Ian, Thorpe, Kirsty, Wootton, Janet, Women and Ordination in the Christian Churches: International Perspectives, 3 November 2011, Bloomsbury Publishing, 978-0-567-23910-5,books.google.com/books?id=rKPsUkiaj_4C&pg=PT357, en, BOOK, Santos, A., Social Movements and Sexual Citizenship in Southern Europe, 28 November 2012, Springer, 978-1-137-29640-5, 201,books.google.com/books?id=vMA7_9icqQwC&pg=PT201, en, {{Excessive citations inline|date=September 2021}}File:Man in Jesus Costume Counter-protesting Christian Anti-gay Protest.jpg|thumb|alt=A man with long hair and a beard, dressed as Jesus, holds up a sign reading “I’m Cool With It” atop a rainbow background. He is standing in front of a group of protesters holding anti-LGBT signs on the back of a semi truck, underneath a banner reading, “Homosexuality is Sin! Return to Jesus!”. A line of police stand in between, guarding the protesters.|Counter-protester at an anti-LGBTQ demonstration in Seoul SeoulThe slogan “God made Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve” alludes to a Bible-based argument that homosexuality is sinful and unnatural.BOOK, Smith, Ralph R., Windes, Russel R., Progay/Antigay: The Rhetorical War Over Sexuality, 3 February 2000, SAGE Publications, 978-1-4522-6372-4, 63,books.google.com/books?id=g_dyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63, en, JOURNAL, Clarke, Victoria, What about the children? arguments against lesbian and gay parenting, Women’s Studies International Forum, 24, 5, 555â€“570, 10.1016/S0277-5395(01)00193-5, Septemberâ€“October 2001,eprints.uwe.ac.uk/21177/, A Christianity Today article in December 1970 reported on attitudes in San Francisco, quoting a graffiti that said, “If God had wanted homosexuals, he would have created Adam and Freddy.“JOURNAL, Christianity Today, Robert L., Cleath, ‘Gays’ Go Radical,www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1970/december-4/gays-go-radical.html, Christianity Today International, Carol Stream, Illinois, December 4, 1970, 0009-5753, 40â€“41, 26 August 2020, In 1977, in Dade County, Anita Bryant made a similar comment, only her version was “Adam and Bruce”.{{refn|name=CC-1977|MAGAZINE, The Church and Homosexuals, Christian Century, 1 June 1977, 528, ; as quoted in {{harvnb|Balch|2007|p=22}}.>}}BOOK, Carroll, Peter N., It Seemed Like Nothing Happened: America in the 1970s,books.google.com/books?id=oPlNcHQUvSAC&pg=PA292-IA1, 1990, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 978-0-8135-1538-0, 292â€“, 183352949, 1st pub. 1990, 26 August 2020, By 1979, Jerry Falwell had used “Adam and Steve”.Christianity Today, 16 November 1979, p.48, as quoted in BOOK, Balch, David L., Homosexuality, Science, and the “Plain Sense” of Scripture,books.google.com/books?id=5RhKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22, 1 July 2007, Wipf & Stock Publishers, 978-1-55635-538-7, 22, 535493879, 26 August 2020, In 1977, it was used on a protest sign, as mentioned in a New York Times news service report about a November 19 rally in Houston that year.NEWS, Klemesrud, Judy, Judy Lee Klemesrud, Equal Rights Plan and Abortion Are Opposed by 15,000 at Rally,www.nytimes.com/1977/11/20/archives/equal-rights-plan-and-abortion-are-opposed-by-15000-at-rally-like-a.html, The New York Times, November 20, 1977, 32, 2008-12-26, limited, The phrase was used in “The Gay Bar”, an episode of Maude broadcast on December 3, 1977. Two years later, Jerry Falwell gave the phrase wider circulation in a Christianity Today report of a press conference he had given.BOOK, Balch, David, Homosexuality, science, and the “plain sense” of Scripture, Wm. B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2000, 978-0-8028-4698-3, 22, The phrase later acquired a certain notoriety, and, when used to name a pair of characters in a work of fiction, helps to identify them as members of a homosexual pair (Paul Rudnick’s play The Most Fabulous Story Ever Told,NEWS, Hurwitt, Robert, Adam and Steve’s adventures in paradise, San Francisco Chronicle, E4, 21 May 2001,www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Adam-and-Steve-s-adventures-in-paradise-2919586.php, the 2005 film Adam & Steve and other works). The phrase was used by the Democratic Unionist Party MP David Simpson during the 2013 British House of Commons’ debate on same-sex marriage, although a slip of the tongue saying “in the Garden of Eden, it was Adam and Steve” initially caused laughter in the chamber.NEWS, Hennessy, Mark, British MPs back gay marriage legislation, The Irish Times,www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2013/0206/1224329707241.html, 6 February 2013, NEWS, Schonfeld, Zach, The Surprising History of the Phrase ‘Adam and Eve, Not Adam and Steve’,www.newsweek.com/surprising-history-phrase-adam-and-eve-not-adam-and-steve-348164, 21 August 2020, Newsweek, 1 July 2015, en, Zimbabwean presidential candidate Nelson Chamisa said in an interview that “[w]e must be able to respect what God ordained and how we are created as a people, there are a male and a female, there are Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve”.WEB, MDC’s Nelson Chamisa speaks on Cde Mugabe’s legacy,www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7eqbvO0s08, live,web.archive.org/web/20200718031839/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7eqbvO0s08, 18 July 2020, 6 March 2024, YouTube, video, ZBC News, 6 Sep 2019, The phrase was also reclaimed by LGBT people and used in blogs, comics, and other media mocking the anti-gay message.
Homosexuality as a Western ill
Homosexuality is sometimes claimed to be non-existent in some non-Western countries, or to be an evil influence imported from the West.Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad of Malaysia employed anti-gay rhetoric as part of his “Asian values” program, describing homosexuality as one of several Western ills.BOOK, Shah, Shanon, The Making of a Gay Muslim: Religion, Sexuality and Identity in Malaysia and Britain,books.google.com/books?id=wn86DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA130, 26 August 2020, Palgrave Studies in Lived Religion and Societal Challenges., 17 October 2017, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 978-3-319-63130-1, 130, 1027079609, Mohamad used it for political advantage in the 1998 scandal involving the sacking and jailing of MP and former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim by Mohamad amidst accusations of sodomy that the Sydney Morning Herald termed a “blatantly political fix-up”.NEWS, Peter, Hartcher, Outdated political thuggery embarrasses Malaysia,www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/outdated-political-thuggery-embarrasses-malaysia-20100222-ornl.html, The Sydney Morning Herald, 23 February 2010, 26 August 2020, Anwar was subsequently subjected to two trials and sentenced to nine years imprisonment for corruption and sodomy.WEB,www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Cases/CHR_068423.htm, Anwar Ibrahim, 6 June 2014, 10 February 2015,www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Cases/CHR_068423.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20150213034949www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Cases/CHR_068423.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20150213034949www7.nationalacademies.org/humanrights/Cases/CHR_068423.htm, 13 February 2015, dead, While in New York for a meeting of the United Nations, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was invited to speak at Columbia University in New York to give a lecture. When responding to a student question afterward, he said, speaking through an interpreter: “In Iran, we don’t have homosexuals like in your country.“NEWS, Goldman, Russell, Ahmadinejad: No Gays, No Oppression of Women in Iran,abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3642673, September 24, 2007, ABC News, 26 August 2020, In his native Farsi, he used the slang equivalent of faggot, not the neutral term for a “homosexual”.BOOK, Martel, FrÃ©dÃ©ric, Bronski, Michael, Global Gay: How Gay Culture is Changing the World,books.google.com/books?id=8r34DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203, 9 April 2019, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 978-0-262-53705-6, 203â€“, 8. “In Iran, There Are No Homosexuals”, 1001431180, Baudoin, Patsy, 1st pub. Flammarian, Paris 2013, 26 August 2020, The former President of Iran evaded an American student’s question on the execution of homosexuals by saying, ‘In Iran, we don’t have homosexuals like in your country. This does not exist in our country. In Iran we do not have this phenomenon. I do not know who told you that we have.’ (Note that in this speech, Ahmadinejad used the Farsi term hamjensbaz, ‘faggot’, not the more neutral term hamjensgara, ‘homosexual’.{{thin space, )}}Other countries and regions viewing homosexuality as a Western disease include Vietnam,WEB, Lam, Charles, UCI Anthropologist Out To Prove Gay People Exist ... In Vietnam,www.ocweekly.com/uci-anthropologist-out-to-prove-gay-people-exist-in-vietnam-6464912/, 28 October 2013, OC Weekly, 31 August 2020, China,NEWS, Bay Area Reporter, Huang, Wen, Gayness as a Western disease,cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=BAR20010104.1.35&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1, 4 January 2001, 31, 1, Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research, 31 August 2020, Ethiopia,WEB, Baker, Katie J. M., Ethiopia’s War on Homosexuals,www.newsweek.com/ethiopias-war-homosexuals-224457, Newsweek, 13 December 2013, 31 August 2020, Africa,BOOK, Luirink, Bart, Maurick, Madeleine, Chambers, Christopher, Homosexuality in Africa: A Disturbing Love,books.google.com/books?id=Yj6JzQEACAAJ, 31 August 2020, 2016, Aspekt, Soesterberg, 978-94-6338-082-9, 1148475814, Australian Muslims,JOURNAL, Sanjakdar, Fida, Sex Education, 2013, 13, 1, 16â€“29, 10.1080/14681811.2011.634154, Educating for sexual difference? Muslim teachers’ conversations about homosexuality, 1468-1811, 50451119, Taylor & Francis, 145417308, and India.WEB, Bedi, Rahul, Indian minister claims homosexuality is Western ‘disease’,www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8617425/Indian-minister-claims-homosexuality-is-Western-disease.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8617425/Indian-minister-claims-homosexuality-is-Western-disease.html, 2022-01-12, limited, live, 5 July 2011, The Daily Telegraph, 31 August 2020, {{cbignore}}
Conflation with pedophilia
{{Further|LGBT grooming conspiracy theory}}File:Stop Pedofilii, Warsaw, 2.jpg|thumb|“” van belonging to {{ill|Fundacja Pro|pl}}, who claim that pedophilia is advocated by the “LGBT lobby”]]The claim that homosexuals sexually abuse children predates the current era, as it was leveled against pederasts even during antiquity.Lucian. Erotes Lawmakers and social commentators have sometimes expressed a concern that normalizing homosexuality would also lead to normalizing pedophilia, if it were determined that pedophilia too were a sexual orientation.NEWS, Leslie, Laura, Stam calls pedophilia, sadism ‘sexual orientations’, 25 June 2014, WRAL-TV, Raleigh, N.C.,www.wral.com/stam-calls-pedophilia-bestiality-sexual-orientations-/13762098/, A related claim is that LGBT adoption is done for the purpose of grooming children for sexual exploitation.NEWS, WÄ…doÅ‚owska, Agnieszka, Activist who said “gay couples adopt kids to rape them” will not face trial after Polish court rejects case,notesfrompoland.com/2020/05/29/activist-who-said-gay-couples-adopt-kids-to-rape-them-will-not-face-trial-after-polish-court-rejects-case/, 26 August 2020, Notes From Poland, 29 May 2020, The empirical research shows that sexual orientation does not affect the likelihood that people will abuse children.WEB, Herek, Gregory M., Gregory M. Herek, Facts About Homosexuality and Child Molestation,lgbpsychology.org/html/facts_molestation.html, Lgbpsychology.org, 2 June 2022, WEB, Lamb, Michael, Michael Lamb (psychologist), Affidavit of Michael Lamb, Ph.D.,www.glad.org/uploads/docs/cases/gill-v-office-of-personnel-management/2009-11-17-doma-aff-lamb.pdf, United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, Civil Action No. 1:09-cv-10309,www.glad.org/uploads/docs/cases/gill-v-office-of-personnel-management/2009-11-17-doma-aff-lamb.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20161121221049www.glad.org/uploads/docs/cases/gill-v-office-of-personnel-management/2009-11-17-doma-aff-lamb.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20161121221049www.glad.org/uploads/docs/cases/gill-v-office-of-personnel-management/2009-11-17-doma-aff-lamb.pdf, 21 November 2016, 2009, Glad.org, WEB, Sexual orientation, homosexuality, and bisexuality,www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx, 2010-11-30, American Psychological Association, Others have made hoaxes intending to falsely associate pedophilia with the LGBT community by rebranding it as a sexual orientation, including claims that the “+” in “LGBT+” refers to “pedophiles, zoophiles, [and] necrophiles”,NEWS, Santora, Marc, Poland’s Populists Pick a New Top Enemy: Gay People,www.nytimes.com/2019/04/07/world/europe/poland-gay-rights.html, 26 August 2020, The New York Times, 7 April 2019, limited, NEWS, What does the plus in ‘LGBT+’ mean?,www.statepress.com/article/2018/10/spartcult-what-is-the-plus-in-lgbt-plus, 26 August 2020, The Arizona State Press, as well as the invented terms “agefluid”, “clovergender” (a hoax executed by users of the imageboard 4chan, whose logo is a stylized four-leaf clover), and “pedosexual”.NEWS, Link, Devon, Fact check: ‘Clovergender’ isn’t part of the LGBTQ community,www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/07/30/fact-check-clovergender-not-lgbtq-gender-sexual-identity/5504085002/, 26 August 2020, USA TODAY, 30 July 2020, NEWS, Caldera, Camille, Fact check: LGBTQ community rejects false association with pedophiles,www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/07/30/fact-check-lgbtq-community-rejects-false-association-pedophiles/5462805002/, 26 August 2020, USA TODAY, 30 July 2020, NEWS, Evon, David, Are Pedophiles Claiming to be ‘Age Fluid’?,www.snopes.com/fact-check/pedophiles-age-fluid/, 26 August 2020, Snopes.com, 27 July 2020, Starting in 2022, some conservatives, including Chaya Raichik of Libs of TikTok, started using the terms “grooming”, “groomer” and “pro-pedophile” against their opponents and LGBT people over anti-LGBT legislation, such as laws restricting and banning discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in schools. Critics say that these usages of the terms diminish the experiences of sexual assault survivors, smear the LGBT community, and are dangerous in general.WEB, Keveney, Bill, 2022-05-02, Weaponized grooming rhetoric is taking a toll on LGBTQ community and child sex abuse survivors,phys.org/news/2022-05-weaponized-grooming-rhetoric-toll-lgbtq.html, 2022-05-23, Phys.org, en,
“Gay agenda”
{{Excerpt|Gay agenda}}
Recruitment
{{further|Acquired homosexuality|Homosexual seduction}}The charge of ”homosexual recruitment” is an allegation by social conservatives that LGBT people engage in concerted efforts to indoctrinate children into homosexuality. In the United States, this dates back to the early post-war era.BOOK, Murray, Heather, Not in This Family: Gays and the Meaning of Kinship in Postwar North America,books.google.com/books?id=9nzphECbo8AC&pg=PA205, 10 February 2012, University of Pennsylvania Press, 978-0-8122-0740-8, 25 August 2020, {{rp|91}} Proponents were found especially among the New Right, as epitomized by Anita Bryant. In her Save Our Children campaign, she promoted a view of homosexuals recruiting youth.{{rp|115â€“116}} A common slogan is “Homosexuals cannot reproduce â€” so they must recruit” or its variants.NEWS, Tanasychuk, John, How Anita Bryant fought -- and helped -- gay rights,www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2007-06-04-0706030236-story.html, December 14, 2019, Sun-Sentinel, June 4, 2007, NEWS,news.google.com/newspapers?id=7KcyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5563,1440716&dq=gay+lifestyle+recruit+school&hl=en, Utah bans gay high-school clubs, 19 April 1996, Lawrence Journal-World, 9A, 3 May 2012, Supporters of recruitment allegations point at “deviant“NEWS,www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/24/peter-labarbera-gays-hitler-_n_6932450.html, Like Hitler, LGBT Activists Are Recruiting Children, Peter LaBarbera Claims, Wong, Curtis M., 2015-03-24, Huffington Post, 2017-10-29, en-US, and “prurient” sex education as evidence. They express concern that anti-bullying efforts teach that “homosexuality is normal, and that students shouldn’t harass their classmates because they’re gay”, suggesting recruitment as the primary motivation.NEWS,nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=1173149429D53698&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM, The gay recruit, Posner, Sarah, February 9, 2007, Chicago Sun-Times, 2 May 2012, Supporters of this myth cite the inability for same-sex couples to reproduce as a motivation for recruitment.NEWS,voices.kansascity.com/entries/rep-steve-cookson-defends-dont-say-gay-legislation/,voices.kansascity.com/entries/rep-steve-cookson-defends-dont-say-gay-legislation/," title="web.archive.org/web/20130419172112voices.kansascity.com/entries/rep-steve-cookson-defends-dont-say-gay-legislation/,">web.archive.org/web/20130419172112voices.kansascity.com/entries/rep-steve-cookson-defends-dont-say-gay-legislation/, dead, April 19, 2013, Rep. Steve Cookson defends ‘don’t say gay’ legislation, Shelly, Barb, April 30, 2012, Kansas City Star, 2 May 2012, BOOK, Witt, Lynn, Thomas, Sherry, Marcus, Eric, Out in All Directions: The Almanac of Gay and Lesbian America,books.google.com/books?id=ZWVa4WlPFQUC&pg=PT353, 2 May 2012, 1995-09-01, Hachette Digital, Inc., 978-0-446-51822-2, 353â€“, Sociologists and psychologists describe such claims as an anti-gay myth,BOOK, Peddicord, Richard, Gay and lesbian rights: a question: sexual ethics or social justice?, 1996, Sheed & Ward, Kansas City, 978-1-55612-759-5,books.google.com/books?id=GaDXSkJX-3EC&pg=PA73, 4 February 2011, 73, BOOK, Harris, W. C., Queer externalities: hazardous encounters in American culture, 2009, State University of New York Press, Albany, 978-1-4384-2752-2,archive.org/details/queerexternaliti0000harr/page/8/mode/1up, registration, 4 February 2011, 8, and a fear-inducing bogeyman.BOOK, Sears, James T., Rebels, rubyfruit, and rhinestones: queering space in the Stonewall South, 2001, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 978-0-8135-2964-6,books.google.com/books?id=wqt4krhmQrwC&pg=PA239, 4 February 2011, 239, Many critics believe the term promotes the myth of homosexuals as pedophiles:Harris, p. 156BOOK, Fejes, Fred, Gay rights and moral panic: the origins of America’s debate on homosexuality, Gay Rights and Moral Panic: The Origins of America’s Debate on Homosexuality, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, 978-1-4039-8069-4, 1st, New York, 137,

In 1977, Anita Bryant successfully campaigned to repeal an ordinance in Miami-Dade County that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Her campaign was based upon allegations of homosexual recruitment.NEWS, Andreeva, Nellie, Kit, Borys, HBO eyes biopic about anti-gay activist Bryant,www.reuters.com/article/us-bryant-idINTRE6110QZ20100202, 2 June 2022, Reuters, 2 February 2010, As a mother, I know that homosexuals cannot biologically reproduce children; therefore, they must recruit our children., Writing about Bryant’s efforts to repeal a Florida anti-discrimination law in the Journal of Social History, Michel Boucai wrote that “Bryant’s organization, Save Our Children, framed the law as an endorsement of immorality and a license for ‘recruitment’.“JOURNAL, Boucai, Michael, December 22, 2010, Gay Rights and Moral Panic: The Origins of America’s Debate on Homosexuality (Book review), Journal of Social History,www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-248907019.html,www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-248907019.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140611123516www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-248907019.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140611123516www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-248907019.html, dead, June 11, 2014, 30 April 2012,
Oregon’s proposed 1992 Ballot Measure 9 contained language that would have added anti-LGBT rhetoric to the state Constitution. U.S. writer Judith Reisman justified her support for the measure, citing “a clear avenue for the recruitment of children” by gays and lesbians.NEWS, Ex-gay minister backs Oregon Measure 9, Associated Press,news.google.com/newspapers?id=cs0qAAAAIBAJ&pg=2231%2C2212152, Moscow-Pullman Daily News, Idaho, 15 October 1992, 20 December 2010,
A small newspaper in Uganda’s capital attracted international attention in 2010 when it outed 100 gay people alongside a banner that said, “Hang them”, and claimed that homosexuals aimed to “recruit” Ugandan children, and that schools had “been penetrated by gay activists to recruit kids.“WEB,ilga.org/ilga/en/article/mE8jac21Q7, “Uganda Newspaper Published Names/Photos of LGBT Activists and HRDs â€“ Cover Says ‘Hang Them{{’”, |publisher=International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association |access-date=10 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201032313ilga.org/ilga/en/article/mE8jac21Q7 |archive-date=1 February 2011}} According to gay rights activists, many Ugandans were attacked afterward as a result of their real or perceived sexual orientation.NEWS, Akam, Simon, Outcry as Ugandan paper names ‘top homosexuals’,www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/outcry-as-ugandan-paper-names-top-homosexuals-2113348.html, The Independent, 22 October 2010, London, Minorities activist David Kato, who was outed in the article and a co-plaintiff in the lawsuit against the paper, was subsequently murdered at home by an intruderNEWS,www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/27/ugandan-gay-rights-activist-murdered, Ugandan gay rights activist murdered weeks after court victory, Xan, Rice, 27 January 2011, The Guardian, and an international outcry resulted.NEWS, The New York Times, 27 January 2011, 29 January 2011,www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/world/africa/28uganda.html, Jeffrey, Gettleman, Ugandan Who Spoke Up for Gays Is Beaten to Death, limited, NEWS, Murdered Ugandan gay activist talked of threats, Rice, Xan, 29 January 2011, 29 January 2011, Sydney Morning Herald,www.smh.com.au/world/murdered-ugandan-gay-activist-talked-of-threats-20110128-1a8ej.html,
In 1998, The Onion parodied the idea of “homosexual recruitment” in an article titled “’98 Homosexual-Recruitment Drive Nearing Goal”, saying “Spokespersons for the National Gay & Lesbian Recruitment Task Force announced Monday that more than 288,000 straights have been converted to homosexuality since January 1, 1998, putting the group well on pace to reach its goal of 350,000 conversions by the end of the year.“BOOK, Marinucci, Mimi, Kaye, Sharon M., The Onion and Philosophy: Fake News Story True Alleges Indignant Area Professor,books.google.com/books?id=Qmrat29UzPYC&pg=PA102, 30 April 2012, 2010-12-01, Open Court Publishing, 978-0-8126-9687-5, 102, NEWS,www.theonion.com/articles/98-homosexualrecruitment-drive-nearing-goal,536/, ‘98 Homosexual-Recruitment Drive Nearing Goal, July 29, 1998, The Onion, 30 April 2012, According to Mimi Marinucci, most US adults who support gay rights would recognize the story as satire due to unrealistic details. The Westboro Baptist Church passed along the story as fact,BOOK, Broderick, James F., Miller, Darren W., Consider the Source: A Critical Guide to 100 Prominent News and Information Sites on the Web,archive.org/details/considersourcecr0000brod/page/267/mode/1up, registration, 30 April 2012, 2007-06-12, Information Today, Inc., 978-0-910965-77-4, 267 ff, NEWS,www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117422015.html,www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117422015.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20140611121804www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117422015.html,">web.archive.org/web/20140611121804www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-117422015.html, dead, June 11, 2014, Satire lost on antigay group, May 25, 2004, The Advocate, 30 April 2012, citing it as evidence of a gay conspiracy.NEWS,www.wired.com/wired/archive/7.03/onion.html, Award-Winning Local Journalists Reflect Own Self-Hatred Back on Nightmarish World, Schillinger, Liesl, March 1999, Wired News, 30 April 2012,

Homosexual conspiracies
“Homintern”
According to historian Michael S. Sherry, the term “homintern“{{emdash}}a reference to “Comintern”, the Soviet-sponsored Communist International{{emdash}}was probably used jokingly among artists and writers in England in the 1930s to mock the idea of a powerful cabal of queer artists.{{sfnp|Sherry|2007|pp=1, 42â€“43}} Coining of the term has been attributed to various writers including W. H. Auden, Cyril Connolly, Jocelyn Brooke, Harold Norse, and Maurice Bowra.{{sfnp|Sherry|2007|p=42|ps=: “Notions of queer power in the arts were common in Europe by the 1930s, and invention of the word ‘homintern’ has been claimed by or attributed to W. H. Auden, Cyril Connelly {{sic}}, Harold Norse, Maurice Bowra, and others [...]“}}BOOK, A Queer Reader: 2500 Years of Male Homosexuality, Patrick, Higgins, The New Press, New York, 1993, 287, 978-1-56584-210-6, Anthony Powell suggested that his friend Jocelyn Brooke invented the term that Harold Norse tells us Auden stole from him. Whoever invented it provided us with a splendid word to explain the social and cultural power of homosexuality, the ability of this sexual allegiance to create networks and establish loyalties that do much to shape the imagination of the West.,archive.org/details/queerreader00higg/page/287/mode/1up?view=theater, registration, During the Cold War, anti-gay commentators in the United States sought to link homosexuality and Communism, using the terms “homintern” and “homosexual mafia” as shorthand for a purported homosexual conspiracy in the arts similar to the Communist International in politics.{{sfnp|Sherry|2007|pp=1, 42â€“43}} Sherry refers to midâ€“20th century American conspiracy theories targeting gay artists, many of whose works were prominently used as propaganda in the Cultural Cold War against the Soviet Union, as the “homintern discourse”.NEWS, Montanarelli, Lisa, They’re here, queer and art pioneers in Sherry’s ‘Gay Artists’,www.sfgate.com/books/article/They-re-here-queer-and-art-pioneers-in-Sherry-s-3300516.php, SFGate.com, San Francisco Chronicle, 25 November 2007, 12 Dec 2023, During the second Red Scare in the 1950s, the “homintern” was invoked by American Senator Joseph McCarthy, who used it to claim that the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman were set on destroying America from within.BOOK, Blumenthal, Max, Republican Gomorrah: Inside the Movement that Shattered the Party, 2010, Nation Books, 978-1-56858-417-1, 205, reprint, {{Better source needed|date=December 2023}} According to Sherry, the “homintern discourse” began to decline with the growth of 1960s counterculture and skepticism about the United States’ role in the Cold War and Vietnam War.{{r|Montanarelli 2007}}{{sfnp|Sherry|2007|pp=141, 212}}
“Gaystapo”
The term “Gaystapo” () was coined in France in the 1940s by political satirist Jean Galtier-BoissiÃ¨re for the Vichy education minister, Abel Bonnard. It was subsequently applied by National Front leader Jean-Marie Le Pen to Florian Philippot, whom he accused of being a bad influence on Marine Le Pen.BOOK, Perreau, Bruno, Queer Theory: The French Response, 2016, Stanford University Press, 978-1-5036-0046-1,books.google.com/books?id=p9K1DQAAQBAJ&dq=Gaystapo&pg=PA118, en, BOOK, Tin, Louis-Georges, The Dictionary of Homophobia: A Global History of Gay & Lesbian Experience, 2008, Arsenal, 978-1-55152-314-9,books.google.com/books?id=aK02DwAAQBAJ&dq=Gaystapo&pg=PT224, en,
“Gay mafia”
The English critic Kenneth Tynan wrote to A.C. Spectorsky (editor of Playboy) in 1967 proposing an article on the “Homosexual Mafia” in the arts.Kenneth Tynan Letters (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994) Spectorsky declined, although he stated that “culture hounds were paying homage to faggotismo as they have never done before”. Playboy would subsequently run a panel on gay issues in April 1971.“Gay mafia” became more widely used in the US media in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the American daily New York Post. The term was also used by the British tabloid The Sun in 1998 in response to what it claimed was sinister dominance by gay men in the Labour Party Cabinet.WEB,www.independent.co.uk/news/sun-rejects-outing-and-sacks-parris-sacks-parris-and-rejects-outing-1184294.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/sun-rejects-outing-and-sacks-parris-sacks-parris-and-rejects-outing-1184294.html, 7 May 2022, subscription, live, ‘Sun’ rejects outing and sacks Parris sacks Parris and rejects outing, The Independent, 12 November 1998, 29 December 2014, {{cbignore}}WEB,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/212737.stm, BBC News â€“ UK â€“ Sun changes mind over gays, News.bbc.co.uk, 29 December 2014, WEB,publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmhansrd/cm100407/halltext/100407h0001.htm, House of Commons Hansard Debates for 07 Apr 2010 (pt 0001), Publications.parliament.uk, 29 December 2014, NEWS, Buerkle, Tom,www.nytimes.com/1998/11/11/news/a-gay-mafia-in-whitehall-sex-is-back-in-the-headlines-in-britain.html, A ‘Gay Mafia’ in Whitehall? Sex Is Back in the Headlines in Britain, 11 November 1998, The New York Times, 29 December 2014, limited,
“Lavender mafia”
While the term “Lavender Mafia” has occasionally been used to refer to informal networks of gay executives in the US entertainment industry,BOOK, De Stefano, George, An offer we can’t refuse : the Mafia in the mind of America, 2006, Faber and Faber, New York, 978-0-571-21157-9, {{Page needed|date=June 2022}} more generally it refers to Church politics. For example, a faction within the leadership and clergy of the Roman Catholic Church that allegedly advocates the acceptance of homosexuality within the Church and its teachings.Gould, Peter (28 November 2005). “Vatican fuels gay clergy debate”. BBC News. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
“Gay lobby”
{{Further|Gay agenda}}File:Praha, Na PÅ™ÃkopÄ›, Pride 2017, Homo Lobby.jpg|thumb|alt=Marchers at Prague Pride 2017 carry a satirical “Homo Lobby” sign|Marchers at Prague Pride 2017 carry a satirical “Homo Lobby Homo LobbyThe term ”homo lobby” or ”gay lobby” is often used by opponents of LGBT rights in Europe. For example, the Swedish neo-Nazi party Nordic Resistance Movement runs a “crush the homo lobby” campaign.NEWS, July 6, 2018, Swedish neo-Nazi Party Attends Biggest Political Event in Sweden,www.haaretz.com/world-news/swedish-neo-nazi-party-attends-biggest-political-event-in-sweden-1.6244771, Haaretz, June 9, 2021, According to the German newspaper Der Tagesspiegel, advocating for LGBT rights could accurately be called lobbying, but the term (’gay lobby’) is insulting because it is used to suggest a powerful conspiracy which does not actually exist.NEWS, Lange, Nadine, September 20, 2016, Gibt es eine Homo-Lobby?,www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/queerspiegel/queer-weiss-das-26-gibt-es-eine-homo-lobby/14558598.html, Der Tagesspiegel, June 9, 2021, de, In 2013, Pope Francis spoke about a “gay lobby” within the Vatican, and promised to see what could be done.NEWS, Pope Francis ‘confirms Vatican gay lobby and corruption’,www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22869399, 27 August 2013, BBC News, 12 June 2013, In July 2013, Francis went on to draw a distinction between the problem of lobbying and the sexual orientation of people: “If a person is gay and seeks God and has good will, who am I to judge?” “The problem”, he said, “is not having this orientation. We must be brothers. The problem is lobbying by this orientation, or lobbies of greedy people, political lobbies, Masonic lobbies, so many lobbies. This is the worse problem.“WEB,www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/29/pope-francis-openness-gay-priests?CMP=twt_fd, Lizzie, Davies, Pope Francis signals openness towards gay priests, The Guardian, 29 July 2013, NEWS, Pope Francis: Who am I to judge gay people?,www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23489702, 27 August 2013, BBC News, 29 July 2013,
Anti-transgender rhetoric
File:Scritte Naziste Roma 28-07-07 1746.jpg|thumb|Anti-transgender graffiti in Rome’s Municipio VIII Municipio VIII{{Further|Transphobia}}
Misgendering
{{Further info|Misgendering}}{{See also|Deadnaming}}Misgendering is the act of labelling others with a gender that does not match their gender identity.BOOK, Julia, Serano, Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity,books.google.com/books?id=fR5ji5h5g1MC, 20 May 2009, Seal Press, 978-0-7867-4791-7, Misgendering can be deliberate or accidental. It can involve using pronouns to describe someone that are not the ones they use,JOURNAL, Ansara, Gavriel, Misgendering in English language contexts: Applying non-cisgenderist methods to feminist research, International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 2013, 7, 2, 160â€“177, 1834-0814, 10.5172/mra.2013.7.2.160, 145494832, calling a person “ma’am” or “sir” in contradiction to the person’s gender identity,BOOK, Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender Communities (Haworth Gay & Lesbian Studies), DeCecco, John, Routledge, 2012, 978-0-7890-0463-5, New Jersey, and using a pre-transition name for someone instead of a post-transition oneBOOK, Transgender Employment Experiences: Gendered Perceptions and the Law, Bender-Baird, Kyla, State University of New York Press, 2011, 978-1-4384-3676-0, 5â€“24, {{Page range too broad|date=June 2022}} (deadnaming).NEWS, Meredith Ramirez, Talusan, What ‘deadnaming’ means, and why you shouldn’t do it to Caitlyn Jenner, Fusion, June 4, 2015,fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/, 2015-06-08, 7 February 2017,fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/," title="web.archive.org/web/20170207090153fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/,">web.archive.org/web/20170207090153fusion.net/story/144324/what-deadnaming-means-and-why-you-shouldnt-do-it-to-caitlyn-jenner/, dead, WEB, Fae, Jane, Changing your name should be a joyous moment, but for many it’s a nightmare,www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/may/19/changing-your-name-nightmare-trans, Comment is Free, 8 July 2015, 19 May 2015,
Deception and masquerade
Some terms often considered to be anti-trans such as shemale, trap, and ladyboy are perceived to promote the belief that trans women are men masquerading as women. The concept of a person whose gender identity differs from their assigned birth sex has often been twisted into jokes about how repulsive such a person must be.WEB, Jefferson, Cord, 1 July 2011, Good.is, How I Learned to Hate Transgender People,www.good.is/articles/how-i-learned-to-hate-transgender-people, 28 December 2022, Transgender individuals are often perceived as more deceptive than sexual minorities.JOURNAL, Totton, Rebecca, Rios, Kimberly, Predictors of anti-transgender attitudes: Identity-confusion and deception as aspects of distrust, Self and Identity, 19 May 2021, 20, 4, 496â€“514, 10.1080/15298868.2019.1621928,www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15298868.2019.1621928, en, 1529-8868,
Bathroom bills
{{Further|Unisex public toilet#Criticism}}{{Excerpt|Bathroom bill|paragraphs=1-2}}
In feminism
{{Further|Gender-critical feminism}}{{See also|Womyn-born womyn}}Some positions within feminist theory have used denialist rhetoric viewed as transphobic. Those that hold these positions are known as trans-exclusionary radical feminists, or “TERF” for short. This term was coined by feminist blogger Viv Smythe in 2008 as a value-neutral descriptor of feminists that engage in denialism.In 1979, American radical feminist Janice Raymond published (The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male). In it, she wrote that, “All transsexuals rape women’s bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact, appropriating this body for themselves.“BOOK, Raymond, Janice G., The transsexual empire, Beacon Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 1979, 978-0-8070-2164-4, 134, A common position in radical feminism maintain that trans women are not women in a literal sense and should not be in women-only spaces.MAGAZINE, Goldberg, Michelle, Michelle Goldberg, What Is a Woman?, The New Yorker, August 4, 2014,www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/08/04/woman-2, 0028-792X, 320541675, CondÃ© Nast, November 20, 2015, Some second-wave feminists perceive trans men and women respectively as “traitors” and “infiltrators” to womanhood.BOOK, Erickson-Schroth, Laura, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community, 2014-05-12, Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-932535-1, 568â€“569,books.google.com/books?id=7Ef1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA568, Some feminists have perceived transmasculine people as traitorsâ€”that is, as women who identify politically with men. When inclusive of trans men, these feminists have often gendered them as women. Conversely, these feminists have tended to perceive transfeminine people as infiltrators of womanhood and of women’s space., In a 1997 article, Australian lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys wrote that {{nobr|“[T]ranssexualism}} should be seen as a violation of human rights.” Jeffreys also argued that by transitioning medically and socially, trans women are “constructing a conservative fantasy of what women should be. They are inventing an essence of womanhood which is deeply insulting and restrictive.“JOURNAL, Journal of Lesbian Studies, Jeffreys, Sheila, Transgender activism: a lesbian feminist perspective, 1, 3â€“4, 55â€“74, 10.1300/J155v01n03_03, May 1997, Pdf.
Legality and censorship
Hate speech against LGBT people, or incitement to hatred against them, is criminalized in some countries.WEB, Hate crime & hate speech,www.ilga-europe.org/what-we-do/our-advocacy-work/hate-crime-hate-speech, ILGA-Europe, 22 August 2020, 27 August 2020,web.archive.org/web/20200827190958/https://www.ilga-europe.org/what-we-do/our-advocacy-work/hate-crime-hate-speech, dead,
See also
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

Biphobia
“Drop the T”
Globohomo{{dash}}Variant of the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory
Homophobic propaganda
Identity politics
Lavender scare
Lesbophobia
LGBT stereotypes
List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBT hate groups
Religion and homosexuality
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality
Transmisogyny

{{div-col-end}}
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading

JOURNAL, Brummett, Barry, A pentadic analysis of ideologies in two gay rights controversies, Central States Speech Journal, 1979, 30, 3, 250â€“261, 10.1080/10510977909368018,
JOURNAL, Burack, Cynthia, From Doom Town to Sin City: Chick Tracts and Anti-gay Political Rhetoric, New Political Science, 2006, 28, 2, 163â€“179, 10.1080/07393140600679843, 144985657,
BOOK, Burack, Cynthia, Sin, Sex, and Democracy: Antigay Rhetoric and the Christian Right, 17 April 2008, State University of New York Press, 978-0-7914-7406-8, en,
JOURNAL, Dugan, Kimberly B., Strategy and “Spin”: Opposing Movement Frames in an Anti-Gay Voter Initiative, Sociological Focus, 2004, 37, 3, 213â€“233, 10.1080/00380237.2004.10571243, 143775320,
JOURNAL, Eskridge, William N. Jr, No Promo Homo: The Sedimentation of Antigay Discourse and the Channeling Effect of Judicial Review, New York University Law Review, 2000, 75, 1327â€“,
JOURNAL, Fetner, Tina, Ex-Gay Rhetoric and the Politics of Sexuality: The Christian Antigay/Pro-Family Movement’s “Truth in Love” Ad Campaign, Journal of Homosexuality, 2005, 50, 1, 71â€“95, 10.1300/J082v50n01_04, 16368665, 11375/21101, 31672425, free,
JOURNAL, Harris, W. C., “In My Day It Used to Be Called a Limp Wrist”: Flip-Floppers, Nelly Boys, and Homophobic Rhetoric in the 2004 US Presidential Campaign, The Journal of American Culture, 2006, 29, 3, 278â€“295, 10.1111/j.1542-734X.2006.00371.x,
JOURNAL, Gadarian, Shana Kushner, van der Vort, Eric, The Gag Reflex: Disgust Rhetoric and Gay Rights in American Politics, Political Behavior, 2018, 40, 2, 521â€“543, 10.1007/s11109-017-9412-x, 254937380, en, 1573-6687,
WEB, Kirchick, James, James Kirchick, May 31, 2022, The Long, Sordid History of the Gay Conspiracy Theory,nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/05/the-long-sordid-history-of-the-gay-conspiracy-theory.html, Intelligencer,
JOURNAL, Levy, Elizabeth, Animus in the Closet: Outing the Addiction Parallels in Anti-Gay Legal Rhetoric, UC Irvine Law Review, 2013, 3, 1, 151â€“,scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr/vol3/iss1/11/, 2327-4514,
THESIS, Mazza, Michael James, This Fierce Geometry: Uses of the Judeo-Christian Bible in the Anti-Abolitionist and Anti-Gay Rhetoric of the United States, 2009,d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7568/, en, PhD, University of Pittsburgh,
JOURNAL, Perkins, Anna Kasafi, More than Words: Evangelicals, the Rhetoric of Battle and the Fight over Gay Rights in the Caribbean, Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 2016, 41, 1, 13â€“46,www.academia.edu/35162542, en,
BOOK, Schwartz, Michael, Homosexuelle, Seilschaften, Verrat: Ein transnationales Stereotyp im 20. Jahrhundert, 2019, De Gruyter, 978-3-11-063650-5, de,
BOOK, Smith, Ralph R., Windes, Russel R., Progay/Antigay, 2000, SAGE, 978-0-7619-1647-5, en,
JOURNAL, Stewart, Craig O., Social cognition and discourse processing goals in the analysis of ‘ex-gay’ rhetoric, Discourse & Society, 2008, 19, 1, 63â€“83, 10.1177/0957926507083689, 144039300,
JOURNAL, Woods, Gregory, The ‘Conspiracy’ of the ‘Homintern’, The Gay and Lesbian Review Worldwide, 2003, 10, 3, 11â€“13, 1532-1118,

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