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{{Short description|Cathedral city in Wiltshire, England}}{{Other uses|Salisbury (disambiguation)}}{{Distinguish|Solsbury Hill}}{{Use British English|date=October 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

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| label_position = left| post_town = SALISBURY| postcode_area = SP| postcode_district = SP1, SP2| dial_code = 01722Salisbury (UK Parliament constituency)>Salisbury| civil_parish = Salisbury78km}}| unitary_england = Wiltshire Council| lieutenancy_england = Wiltshireweblink}}}}Salisbury ({{IPAc-en|local|ˈ|s|ɔː|z|b|(|ə|)|r|i}} {{respell|SAWZ|b(ə-)ree}}){{efn|Other pronunciations include {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɔː|l|z|b|(|ə|)|r|i}} {{respell|SAWLZ|b(ə-)ree}},WEB, Salisbury,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140820173220weblink">weblink 20 August 2014, 23 September 2014, Collins Dictionary, HarperCollins, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|l|z|b|(|ə|)|r|i}} {{respell|SOLZ|b(ə-)ree}}{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} and {{IPAc-en|USlang|ˈ|s|æ|l|z|b|ər|i}} {{respell|SALZ|bər|ee}}.MERRIAM-WEBSTER, Salisbury, 23 July 2019, }} is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820,WEB, Salisbury,weblink City population, 25 October 2022, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately {{convert|20|mi|km|-1|abbr=off}} from Southampton and {{convert|30|mi|km|-1|abbr=off}} from Bath.Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as {{nowrap|New Sarum}}. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line.Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is {{convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} northwest of Salisbury.

Toponymy

Cair-Caratauc, one of 28 cities of the Ancient Britons listed in the History of the Britons (9th century), has been identified with Salisbury.WIKISOURCE, Nennius, (Traditional attribution), Nennius, Theodor, Mommsen, Theodor Mommsen, Historia Brittonum, VI, la, Historia Brittonum#VI. CIVITATES BRITANNIAE, Composed after A.D. 830, BOOK, Newman, John Henry, Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre, James Toovey, 1844, London, 92, Chapter X: Britain in 429, A.D., etal,weblink 16 December 2014, 21 March 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160321234154weblink">weblink dead, Alternative names for the city, in the Welsh Chronicle of the Britons (12th century) were Caer-Caradog, Caer-Gradawc, and Caer-Wallawg.{{harvnb|Roberts|1811|p=135}}.Welsh Prose 1300–1425. "Oxford Jesus College MS. 111 (The Red Book of Hergest) â€“ page 147r: Trioedd Ynys Prydain, Cas Bethau, Enwau ac Anrhyfeddodau Ynys Prydain", col. 600 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090910weblink |date=24 September 2015 }}. University of Cardiff (Cardiff), 2014. {{in lang|owl}}BOOK, Roberts, Peter, The Chronicle of the Kings of Britain; Translated from the Welsh Copy Attributed to Tysilio; Collated with Several Other Copies, and Illustrated with Copious Notes; to Which Are Added, Original Dissertations, E. Williams, 1811, London, 150–151, By the Roman era, the name had become SorbiodÅ«num; the first part was of unknown origin, although the Brittonic suffix -dÅ«non meant "fortress". The name first recorded during the Anglo-Saxon era was Searoburg (dative Searobyrig), around the end of the 9th century. This was a partial calque of the Roman name, with burg being the Old English word for "fort". Middle English Sarisberie was abbreviated as Sar, which in turn gave rise to the latinization "Sarum".Mills, David. A Dictionary of British Place-Names {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019020038weblink |date=19 October 2016 }}. Oxford University Press, 2003.

History

Old Sarum

(File:Old Sarum Model from West.jpg|thumb|right|A reconstruction of Old Sarum in the 12th century)(File:Salisbury from old Sarum.jpg|thumb|Salisbury viewed from Old Sarum)The hilltop at Old Sarum lies near the Neolithic sites of Stonehenge and Avebury and shows some signs of early settlement.English Heritage. Old Sarum, {{nowrap|p. 22}}. (London), 2003. It commanded a salient between the River Bourne and the Hampshire Avon, near a crossroads of several early trade routes.WEB, Salisbury: Thumbnail History,weblink 14 February 2021, Wiltshire Community History, Wiltshire Council, During the Iron Age, sometime between 600 and 300 BC, a hillfort (oppidum) was constructed around it. The Romans may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. At the time of the Saxon invasions, Old Sarum fell to King Cynric of Wessex in 552.JOURNAL, Leeds, E.T., Edward Thurlow Leeds,weblink The Growth of Wessex, Oxoniensia, LIX, 55–56, 1954, {{open access}} Preferring settlements in bottomland, such as nearby Wilton, the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the Viking invasions led {{nowrap|King Alfred}} (King of Wessex from 871 to 899) to restore its fortifications. Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the Dano-Norwegian king Sweyn Forkbeard in 1003.DNB, Hunt, William, Sweyn (d.1014), 55, 202, It subsequently became the site of Wilton's mint. Following the Norman invasion of 1066, a motte-and-bailey castle was constructed by 1070. The castle was held directly by the Norman kings; its castellan was generally also the sheriff of Wiltshire.In 1075 the Council of London established Herman as the first bishop of Salisbury,British History Online. Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300, Vol. IV, "Salisbury: Bishops" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502152329weblink |date=2 May 2015 }}. Institute of Historical Research (London), 1991. uniting his former sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury into a single diocese which covered the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, and Berkshire. In 1055, Herman had planned to move his seat to Malmesbury, but its monks and Earl Godwin objected.CE1913, Dolan, John Gilbert, Malmesbury, 9, Herman and his successor, Saint Osmund, began the construction of the first Salisbury cathedral, though neither lived to see its completion in 1092. Osmund served as Lord Chancellor of England (in office {{circa}} 1070–1078); he was responsible for the codification of the Sarum Rite,CE1913, Bergh, Frederick T., Sarum Rite, 13, the compilation of the Domesday Book, which was probably presented to William at Old Sarum, and, after centuries of advocacy from Salisbury's bishops, was finally canonised by Pope {{nowrap|Callixtus III}} in 1457.Swanson, R.N. Religion and Devotion in Europe, {{circa|lk=no|1215}}–{{circa|lk=no|1515}}, pp. 148 & 315. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge), 1995. {{ISBN|0-521-37950-4}}. The cathedral was consecrated on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later.The Ecclesiologist, p. 60."Old Sarum" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015214317weblink |date=15 October 2012 }} at Sacred Destinations. Accessed 10 September 2010. Bishop Roger was a close ally of {{nowrap|Henry I}} (reigned 1100–1135): he served as viceroy during the king's absence in Normandy and directed, along with his extended family, the royal administration and exchequer.BOOK, Davis, R.H.C., King Stephen, Longman, 1977, 0-582-48727-7, London, 31, He refurbished and expanded Old Sarum's cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a royal palace during the 1130s, prior to his arrest by Henry's successor, Stephen.EB1911, Roger, bishop of Salisbury, 23, 454, After this arrest, the castle at Old Sarum was allowed to fall into disrepair, but the sheriff and castellan continued to administer the area under the king's authority.BOOK, Storer, James, History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Great Britain, Rivingtons, 1819, 4, London, 73,

New Sarum

File:Salisbury Cathedral West Front.jpg|thumb|upright|The Great West Front of Salisbury CathedralSalisbury Cathedral(File:Louise Rayner Minster Street Salisbury.jpg|thumb|upright|Minster Street, c. 1870)Bishop of Salisbury Hubert Walter was instrumental in the negotiations with Saladin during the Third Crusade, but he spent little time in his diocese prior to his elevation to archbishop of Canterbury.BOOK, Frost, Christian, Time, Space, and Order: The Making of Medieval Salisbury, Peter Lang, 2009, Bern, 34, The brothers Herbert and Richard Poore succeeded him and began planning the relocation of the cathedral into the valley almost immediately. Their plans were approved by {{nowrap|King Richard I}} but repeatedly delayed: Herbert was first forced into exile in Normandy in the 1190s by the hostility of his archbishop Walter and then again to Scotland in the 1210s owing to royal hostility following the papal interdiction against {{nowrap|King John}}. The secular authorities were particularly incensed, according to tradition, owing to some of the clerics debauching the castellan's female relations. In the end, the clerics were refused permission to reenter the city walls following their rogations and processions.{{harvnb|Ledwich|1777|pp=253 ff.}} quotes John Leland This caused Peter of Blois to describe the church as "a captive within the walls of the citadel like the ark of God in the profane house of Baal". He advocated{{blockquote|Let us descend into the plain! There are rich fields and fertile valleys abounding in the fruits of the earth and watered by the living stream. There is a seat for the Virgin Patroness of our church to which the world cannot produce a parallel.BOOK, Prothero, George Walter, The Quarterly Review, The Quarterly Review, John Murray, 1858, 115, }}Herbert Poore's successor and brother Richard Poore eventually moved the cathedral to a new town on his estate at Veteres Sarisberias ("Old Salisburies") in 1220. The site was at "Myrifield" ("Merryfield"),BOOK, Ledwich, Edward, Antiquitates SariÅ¿burienÅ¿es: The History and Antiquities of Old and New Sarum Collected from Original Records and Early Writers, E. Easton etc., 1777, Salisbury, 260, Appendix of Original Records, with Observations, a meadow near the confluence of the River Nadder and the Hampshire Avon. It was first known as "New Sarum" or {{nowrap|New Saresbyri}}. The town was laid out on a grid.Work on the new cathedral building, the present Salisbury Cathedral, began in 1221. The site was supposedly established by shooting an arrow from Old Sarum, although this is certainly a legend: the distance is over {{convert|3|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in}}. The legend is sometimes amended to claim that the arrow struck a white deer, which continued to run and died on the spot where the cathedral now rests. The structure was built upon wooden faggots on a gravel bed with unusually shallow foundations of {{convert|18|in|cm|round=5|abbr=on}} and the main body was completed in only 38 years. The {{convert|123|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or|adj=on}} tall spire, the tallest in the UK, was built later. With royal approval, many of the stones for the new cathedral were taken from the old one; others came from Chilmark. They were probably transported by ox-cart, owing to the obstruction to boats on the River Nadder caused by its many weirs and watermills. The cathedral is considered a masterpiece of Early English architecture. The spire's large clock was installed in 1386, and is one of the oldest surviving mechanical clocks in the world.WEB, The World's Oldest Working Clock, Forbes,weblink live,weblink 9 May 2018, 9 May 2018, The cathedral also contains the best-preserved of the four surviving copies of Magna Carta.New Sarum was made a city by a charter from {{nowrap|King Henry III}} in 1227Easton, James. A Chronology of Remarkable Events Relative to the City of New Sarum, with the Year, and the Name of the Mayor in whose Time they occurred: Chiefly collected from the authentic Sources of the City Records, and Manuscripts of Citizens, From {{sc|a.d.}} 1227 to 1823, a Period of 596 Years, Including the Prices of Wheat and Barley from an Early Æra: To which are added, Their annual Average Prices for 28 Years, Being from 1796 to 1823, 5th ed., p. 1. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101200228weblink |date=1 January 2015 }} J. Easton (Salisbury), 1824. and, by the 14th century, was the largest settlement in Wiltshire. The city wall surrounds the Close and was built in the 14th century, again with stones removed from the former cathedral at Old Sarum. The wall now has five gates: the High Street Gate, {{nowrap|St Ann's}} Gate, the Queen's Gate, and {{nowrap|St Nicholas's}} Gate were original, while a fifth was constructed in the 19th century to allow access to Bishop Wordsworth's School, in the Cathedral Close. During his time in the city, the composer Handel stayed in a room above St Ann's gate. The original site of the city at Old Sarum, meanwhile, fell into disuse. It continued as a rotten borough: at the time of its abolition during the reforms of 1832, its Member of Parliament (MP) represented three households.In May 1289, there was uncertainty about the future of Margaret, Maid of Norway, and her father sent ambassadors to Edward I. Edward met Robert the Bruce and others at Salisbury in October 1289, which resulted in the Treaty of Salisbury, under which Margaret would be sent to Scotland before 1 November 1290 and any agreement on her future marriage would be delayed until she was in Scotland.Oram. Canmore Kings, {{nowrap|p. 109}}.The Parliament of England met at New Sarum in the years 1324, 1328, and 1384.WEB, 12 November 2012, Parliaments held away from Westminster,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150609160550weblink">weblink 9 June 2015, 10 February 2018, House of Commons Library, In 1450, a number of riots broke out in Salisbury at roughly the same time as Jack Cade led a famous rebellion through London. The riots occurred for related reasons, although the declining fortunes of Salisbury's cloth trade may also have been influential. The violence peaked with the murder of the bishop, William Ayscough, who had been involved with the government. In 1483, a large-scale rebellion against Richard III broke out, led by his own 'kingmaker', Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. After the revolt collapsed, Buckingham was executed at Salisbury, near the Bull's Head Inn. An act of Parliament, the River Avon Navigation (Christchurch to New Sarum) Act 1664 (16 & 17 Cha. 2. c. 12) was passed on 2 March 1665 for making the River Avon navigable from Christchurch to the city of New Sarum. and the work completed, only for the project to be ruined shortly thereafter by a major flood.Priestley, Joseph. (:s:Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain/Avon River, Hampshire|Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain, as a Reference to Nichols, Priestley & Walker's New Map of Inland Navigation, Derived from Original and Parliamentary Documents in the Possession of Joseph Priestley, Esq., p. 37). Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green (London), 1831. Hosted at (:s:Main Page|Wikisource). Soon after, during the Great Plague of London, Charles II held court in Salisbury's cathedral close.Salisbury was the site chosen to assemble James II's forces to resist the Glorious Revolution. He arrived to lead his approximately {{nowrap|19 000}} men on 19 November 1688. His troops were not keen to fight Mary or her husband William, and the loyalty of many of James's commanders was in doubt. The first blood was shed at the Wincanton Skirmish, in Somerset. In Salisbury, James heard that some of his officers had deserted, such as Edward Hyde, and he broke out in a nosebleed, which he took as an omen that he should retreat. His commander in chief, the Earl of Feversham, advised retreat on 23 November, and the next day John Churchill defected to William. On 26 November, James's own daughter, Princess Anne, did the same, and James returned to London the same day, never again to be at the head of a serious military force in England.Childs, J. The Army, James II, and the Glorious Revolution. (Manchester), 1980.

20th and 21st centuries: Salisbury

(File:Secret Spitfires Memorial 3.jpg|thumb|Secret Spitfire Memorial, view from the south)Following the destruction by the Luftwaffe of the factories building Supermarine Spitfires in 1940 in Southampton, production was dispersed to shadow factories elsewhere in the south of England. Salisbury was the major centre of production, supplemented by Trowbridge and Reading. Several factories were set up in the centre of Salisbury and staffed by predominantly young women who had no previous mechanical experience but were trained for specific tasks in the aircraft construction process. Supporting the factories were many workers producing small components in home-based workshops and garden sheds. Sub-assemblies were built in the city centre factories and then transported to High Post airfield (north of the city, in Durnford parish) and Chattis HillWEB, Chattis Hill Airfield,weblink 2021-07-15, www.hampshireairfields.co.uk, (northeast, near Stockbridge), where the aircraft were assembled, test flown and then distributed to RAF airfields across England. A total of over 2000 Spitfires were produced. The whole process was carried out in secret without the knowledge of even the local people and only emerged into public knowledge after the production of a film describing the whole process.AV MEDIA At the time of the 1948 Summer Olympics, held in London, a relay of runners carried the Olympic Flame from Wembley Stadium, where the Games were based, to the sailing centre at Torbay via Slough, Basingstoke, Salisbury, and Exeter.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}The 1972 Local Government Act eliminated the administration of the City of New Sarum under its former charters, but its successor, Wiltshire County's Salisbury District, continued to be accorded its former city status. The name was finally formally amended from "New Sarum" to "Salisbury" during the 2009 changes occasioned by the 1992 Local Government Act, which established the Salisbury City Council.On 4 March 2018, former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter, Yulia Skripal, were poisoned in Salisbury with a Novichok nerve agent.NEWS, Russian spy: What we know so far, BBC News,weblink live, 6 April 2018,weblink 31 May 2019,

Governance

File:The Guildhall (geograph 2437520).jpg|thumb|Salisbury GuildhallSalisbury GuildhallSalisbury is within the county of Wiltshire, and the administrative district of the same name. For local government purposes, it is administered by the Wiltshire Council unitary authority. Salisbury forms a civil parish with a parish council known as the Salisbury City Council.Since the local boundary review of 2020, two electoral wards – St Edmund and Harnham East – cover the city centre within the A36 ring road, and the rest of the unitary and city council areas are covered by six further wards. Laverstock and Ford parish council has the same boundary as the Laverstock ward, as well as part of the Old Sarum and Upper Bourne Valley ward, at unitary level.WEB, Election Maps,weblink live,weblink 20 February 2016, 14 February 2018, Ordnance Survey, The Bishopdown Farm estate on the outskirts of Salisbury is now part of Laverstock and Ford, joining Hampton Park and Riverdown Park.Prior to 2009, Salisbury was part of the now abolished non-metropolitan county of Wiltshire. It was governed by Wiltshire County Council at the county level and Salisbury District Council, which oversaw most of south Wiltshire as well as the city. Salisbury (previously officially New Sarum) has had city status since time immemorial.The Member of Parliament for the Salisbury constituency, which includes the city, Amesbury and surrounding rural areas, is John Glen (Conservative), who was first elected in 2010. Wilton is the former county town for Wiltshire and is now located within Salisbury for parliamentary purposes.

Geography

Salisbury is approximately halfway between Exeter and London being 80 miles (128 km) east-northeast of Exeter, 78 miles (126 km) west-southwest of London and also {{convert|34|mi|km}} south of Swindon, {{convert|20|mi|km}} northwest of Southampton and {{convert|32|mi|km}} southeast of Bath.(File:Queen Elizabeth Gardens 2011.jpg|thumb|Queen Elizabeth Gardens, showing part of the River Avon diverted through the gardens)The geology of the area, as with much of South Wiltshire and Hampshire, is largely chalk. The rivers which flow through the city have been redirected, and along with landscaping, have been used to feed into public gardens. They are popular in the summer, particularly in Queen Elizabeth Gardens, as the water there is shallow and slow-flowing enough to enter safely. Because of the low-lying land, the rivers are prone to flooding, particularly during the winter months. The Town Path, a walkway that links Harnham with the rest of the city, is at times impassable.Water-meadows at Harnham, fed by two branches of the River Nadder, are first documented in the 17th century.WEB, Harnham Water Meadows Trust,weblink BOOK, Historic England, Conserving Historic Water Meadows, 16, East Harnham Meadows, in the floodplain of the Avon, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.WEB, East Harnham Meadows SSSI,weblink 17 January 2023, Natural England, There are civil airfields at Old Sarum (where the experimental aircraft the Edgley Optica was developed and tested) and at Thruxton near Andover.

Areas and suburbs

Salisbury has many areas and suburbs, most of them being former villages that were absorbed by the growth of the city. The boundaries of these areas are for the most part unofficial and not fixed. All of these suburbs are within Salisbury's ONS Urban Area, which had a population of 44,748 in 2011.WEB, Salisbury (Wiltshire, South West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170805180929weblink">weblink 5 August 2017, 5 August 2017, citypopulation.de, However, not all of these suburbs are administered by the city council, and are therefore not within the eight wards that had a combined population of 40,302 in 2011. Two parishes are part of the urban area but outside Salisbury parish.{{Div col |colwidth=22em}}

• Bemerton
• Lower Bemerton
• Bemerton Heath
• Hampton Park
• Laverstock and Ford (outside city council area)
• City Centre
• Churchfields
• East Harnham
• West Harnham
• Harnham Hill
• Stratford-sub-Castle
• St Paul's
• St Francis
• Fisherton
• St Mark's
• Bishopdown
• Milford
• St Edmund
• Petersfinger
• Netherhampton (outside city council area)
• Paul's Dene
• Friary Estate (formerly known as Bugmore)
• St Martin's

{{div col end}}Surrounding parishes, villages and towns rely on Salisbury for some services. The following are within a 4-mile radius of the city centre and are listed in approximately clockwise order:{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Britford
• Odstock
• Quidhampton
• Nunton
• Homington
• Old Sarum
• Little Durnford
• Fugglestone St Peter
• Alderbury
• Bodenham
• Downton
• Wilton
• Charlton All Saints
• Ditchampton
• Bulbridge
• Coombe Bissett
• Ugford
• South Newton
• Winterbourne Earls
• Winterbourne Gunner
• Winterbourne Dauntsey

{{div col end}}

Demography

The civil parish of Salisbury, which does not include some of the city's suburbs such as Laverstock, Ford, Britford and Netherhampton, had a population of 40,302 at the 2011 census.{{NOMIS2011|id=1170219621|title=Salisbury Parish|access-date=18 March 2018}}The urban zone, which contains the wards immediately surrounding the city, had a population of 62,216 at the 2011 Census.WEB, Local statistics – Office for National Statistics,weblink live,weblink 11 March 2019, 21 April 2019, www.ons.gov.uk, The wards included in this figure are Laverstock, Britford, Downton, Alderbury, Odstock and the neighbouring town of Wilton, among others, however it does not include the towns of Amesbury or Romsey, as these support their own local populations and are further afield.At the 2011 census the population of the civil parish was 95.73% white (91.00% White British), 2.48% Asian (0.74% Indian, 0.41% Bangladeshi, 0.40% Chinese), 0.45% black and 1.15% mixed race. Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for race and ethnicity,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140502235226weblink">weblink 2 May 2014, 2 May 2014, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, There is not much contrast between areas when it comes to ethnic diversity. The ward of St Edmund and Milford is the most multiethnic, with 86.0% of the population being White British.WEB, Services, Good Stuff IT, Salisbury St Edmund and Milford – UK Census Data 2011,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170922004548weblink">weblink 22 September 2017, 21 April 2019, UK Census Data, The least multiethnic is the ward of St Francis and Stratford, which contains suburbs in the north of the city, with 94.8% of the population being White British.WEB, Services, Good Stuff IT, Salisbury St Francis and Stratford – UK Census Data 2011,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171113063534weblink">weblink 13 November 2017, 21 April 2019, UK Census Data, The city is represented by six other wards.{| class="wikitable"|+Ethnic Groups, 2011! !! Salisbury CP !! Salisbury UA{{NOMIS2011|id=1119883473|title=Salisbury Built-up area|access-date=6 April 2018}}!! Wiltshire | 93.4%| 1.3%| 0.7%Within the parish, the largest ethnic minority group was 'other white' comprising 3.6% of the population as of 2011.86.43% of the civil parish's population were born in England, 3.94% were born elsewhere in the UK. 4.94% were born elsewhere in the EU (including the Republic of Ireland), while 4.70% of the population were born outside the EU.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for country of birth,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140502235845weblink">weblink 2 May 2014, 2 May 2014, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, 62.49% of the civil parish's population declared their religion to be Christianity, while 27.09% stated "no religion" and 8.02% declined to state their religion.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for religion,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140502232937weblink">weblink 2 May 2014, 2 May 2014, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, 0.79% of the population declared their religion to be Islam, 0.41% Buddhism, 0.40% Hinduism and 0.80% as another religion.95.89% of the civil parish's population considered their "main language" to be English, while 1.12% considered it to be Polish, 0.28% considered it to be Bengali and 0.24% considered it to be Tagalog.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for main language,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140502233451weblink">weblink 2 May 2014, 2 May 2014, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, 99.43% of the population claimed to be able to speak English well or very well.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for proficiency in English,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140502234748weblink">weblink 2 May 2014, 2 May 2014, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk, In 2001, 22.33% of Salisbury's population were aged between 30 and 44, 42.76% were over 45, and 13.3% were between 18 and 29.WEB, Neighbourhood Statistics, British government census statistics for age,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130606155627weblink">weblink 6 June 2013, 17 July 2010, Neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk,

Economy

(File:SalisburyMarket20040724 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|The 15th-century Poultry Cross marked the section of the market trading in poultry.|alt=)(File:Salisbury, Butchers Row.png|thumb|upright|Butchers Row in the city centre)Salisbury holds a Charter marketWEB, Charter Market,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150528052010weblink">weblink 28 May 2015, 16 June 2015, www.salisburycitycouncil.gov.uk, on Tuesdays and Saturdays and has held markets regularly since 1227. In the 15th century the Market Place had four crosses: the Poultry Cross, whose name describes its market; the 'cheese and milk cross', which indicated that market and was in the triangle between the HSBC bank and the Salisbury Library; a third cross near the site of the present war memorial, which marked a woollen and yarn market; and a fourth, called Barnwell or Barnard's Cross, in the Culver Street and Barnard Street area, which marked a cattle and livestock market. Today, only the Poultry Cross remains, to which flying buttresses were added in the 19th century.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1243148|desc=The Poultry Cross|access-date=14 February 2021|fewer-links=yes}} The Market Hall, later known as the Corn Exchange, was completed in 1859.{{NHLE|desc=The Market Hall|num=1259888|access-date=10 July 2023}}In 1226, Henry III granted the Bishop of Salisbury a charter to hold a fair lasting eight days from the Feast of the Assumption of Mary (15 August).WEB, Wiltshire,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110101204539weblink">weblink 1 January 2011, 12 April 2010, Gazetteer OF MARKETS AND FAIRS IN ENGLAND AND WALES TO 1516, 18 June 2003, Centre for Metropolitan History, Over the centuries the dates of the fair have moved around, but in its modern guise, a funfair is now held in the Market Place for three days from the third Monday in October.From 1833 to the mid-1980s, the Salisbury Gas Light & Coke Company, which ran the city's gasworks, was one of the major employers in the area. The company was formed in 1832 with a share capital of £8,000, and its first chairman was the 3rd Earl of Radnor. The company was incorporated by a private Act of Parliament in 1864, and the Gas Orders Confirmation Act 1882 empowered it to raise capital of up to £40,000. At its peak, the gasworks were producing not only coal gas but also coke, which was sold off as the by-product of gas-making. Ammoniacal liquor, another by-product, was mixed with sulphuric acid, dried and ground to make a powder which was sold as an agricultural fertiliser. The clinker from the retort house was sold to a firm in London to be used as purifier beds in the construction of sewage works.Watts, John (1991) Salisbury Gasworks: The Salisbury Gas Light & Coke Company Salisbury: South Wiltshire Industrial Archaeology Society {{ISBN|0-906195-12-8}}Salisbury power station supplied electricity to Salisbury and the surrounding area from 1898 to 1970. The power station was at Town Mill and was owned and operated by Salisbury Electric Light and Supply Company Limited prior to the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The coal-fired power station was redeveloped several times to incorporate new plant including a water driven turbine.BOOK, Garrett, Frederick, Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56, Electrical Press, 1959, London, A-92, A-133, From the Middle Ages to the start of the 20th century, Salisbury was noted for its cutlery industry. Early motor cars were manufactured in the city from 1902 by Dean and Burden Brothers, using the Scout Motors brand. In 1907 the company moved to a larger factory at Churchfields; each car took six to eight weeks to build, mostly using bodies made elsewhere by coachbuilders. By 1912, 150 men were employed and the company was also making small commercial vehicles and 20-seater buses, some of which were later used by the newly established Wilts & Dorset operator. The Scout company failed in 1921 after wartime disruption and competition from larger makers.WEB, 24 January 2020, Scout Motors of Salisbury 1902–1921,weblink 24 April 2023, Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, Shopping centres include The Old George Mall, The Maltings, Winchester Street, and the Crosskeys precinct. Major employers include Salisbury District Hospital. Closure of the Friends Life office, the second largest employer, was announced in 2015.WEB, Cork, Tristan, 15 June 2015, 450 jobs to go in Salisbury as Aviva shuts Friends Life offices,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150713010238weblink">weblink 13 July 2015, 13 July 2015, Western Daily Press,

Culture

(File:Salisbury High Street 20040724.jpg|thumb|Salisbury High Street)Salisbury was an important centre for music in the 18th century. The grammarian James Harris, a friend of Handel, directed concerts at the Assembly Rooms for almost 50 years up to his death in 1780. Many of the most famous musicians and singers of the day performed there.Music and Theatre in Handel's World: The Family Papers of James Harris 1732–1780, by Donald Burrows and Rosemary Dunhill, Oxford University Press, USA (29 March 2002)Salisbury holds an annual St George's Day pageant, the origins of which are claimed to go back to the 13th century.Salisbury has a strong artistic community, with galleries situated in the city centre, including one in the public library. In the 18th century, John Constable made a number of celebrated landscape paintings featuring the cathedral's spire and the surrounding countryside. Salisbury's annual International Arts Festival, started in 1973, and held in late May to early June, provides a programme of theatre, live music, dance, public sculpture, street performance and art exhibitions. Salisbury also houses a producing theatre, Salisbury Playhouse, which produces between eight and ten plays a year, as well as welcoming touring productions.

The Salisbury Museum

(File:Kings House Salisbury Museum.jpg|thumb|The Salisbury Museum, housed in the King's House)The Salisbury Museum is housed in the King's House, a Grade I listed building whose history dates back to the 13th century, opposite the west front of the cathedral.The permanent Stonehenge exhibition gallery has interactive displays about Stonehenge and the archaeology of south Wiltshire, and its collections include the skeleton of the Amesbury Archer, which is on display.The Pitt Rivers display holds a collection from General Augustus Pitt Rivers.The costume gallery showcases costume and textiles from the area, with costumes for children to try on while imagining themselves as characters from Salisbury's past.The former home of Sir Edward Heath, Arundells in the Cathedral Close, is now open as a museum.

Twin towns and sister cities

Salisbury has been twinned with Saintes, France, since 1990,WEB, Twinning and Sister Cities,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180219213739weblink">weblink 19 February 2018, 7 March 2018, Salisbury City Council, and with Xanten, Germany, since 2005. Salisbury is also a sister city of Salisbury, North Carolina and Salisbury, Maryland, both of which are in the United States.

Education

In the 13th and 14th centuries Salisbury was a seat of learning, with students of theology and the liberal arts taught at the College of the Valley Scholars, founded by Bishop Giles of Bridport in 1262. This has some claim to be seen as the first university college in England,Alan B. Cobban, The King's Hall Within the University of Cambridge in the Later Middle Ages (2007), p. 18] as it was founded three years before Merton College, Oxford. Most of the scholars transferred to Salisbury Hall, Oxford, in 1325.Arthur Francis Leach, English Schools at the Reformation 1546-8 (1896), p. 21 There are several schools in and around Salisbury. The city has the only grammar schools in Wiltshire, South Wilts Grammar School for girls and Bishop Wordsworth's School for boys; since September 2020, both have mixed sixth forms. Other schools in or near the city include Salisbury Cathedral School, Chafyn Grove School, Leehurst Swan School, the Godolphin senior and prep schools, Sarum Academy, St Joseph's Catholic School, and Wyvern St Edmund's.Sixth form education is offered by Salisbury Sixth Form College, while the Salisbury campus of Wiltshire College offers a range of further education courses, as well as some higher education courses in association with Bournemouth University. Sarum College is a Christian theological college, within the Cathedral close.

Transport

Road

The main transport links for the city are the roads. Salisbury lies on the intersection of the A30, the A36, and the A338, and is at the end of the A343, A345, A354, and A360. Car parks around the periphery of the city are linked to the city centre by a park and ride scheme (see details in the bus section below). The A36 forms an almost complete ring road around the city centre. The A3094 comprises the southwestern quadrant of the ring road, passing through the city's outer suburbs.The lack of adequate roads is a cause of concern to the people of Salisbury as there are no motorway links to the ports of Southampton and Bristol. The closest motorway access is at junction 2 of the M27 at Southampton, and at junction 8 of the M3 near Basingstoke. Traffic passes around the city centre on the A36 to Bath.

Bus

(File:Salisbury bus station 2010.jpg|thumb|Salisbury bus station in 2010 (since closed))There are bus links to Southampton, Bournemouth, Andover, Devizes, and Swindon, with limited services on Sundays. Salisbury Reds, a brand of Go South Coast, is the main local operator. Wheelers Travel provide services to Shaftesbury and Andover, as well as intermediate-distance services.WEB, Bus times,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180416200931weblink">weblink 16 April 2018, 16 April 2018, Wheelers Travel, Other operators include Stagecoach (Amesbury, Tidworth, Andover) and Beeline (Warminster).Salisbury has a Park and Ride bus scheme with five sites around the city. The scheme attempts to relieve pressure on the city centre, but as of 2010, ran at an annual loss of £1 million.NEWS, Riddle, Annie, 25 February 2010, Park and ride losing £1million, Salisbury Journal,weblink live, 12 April 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100414013025weblink">weblink 14 April 2010, Salisbury bus station, which opened in 1939, closed in January 2014 due to high operating costs and low usage.NEWS, 4 January 2014, Bus station closes after 75 years, en-GB, BBC News: Wiltshire,weblink live, 16 April 2018,weblink 27 October 2018, Situated in Endless Street, on the northeastern edge of the city centre, the site was later developed into retirement homes, which opened in February 2018.

Railways

Salisbury railway station is the crossing point of the West of England Main Line, from {{stnlink|London Waterloo}} to {{stnlink|Exeter St Davids}}, and the Wessex Main Line from {{stnlink|Bristol Temple Meads}} to {{stnlink|Southampton Central}}. The station is operated by South Western Railway. Great Western Railway hourly trains call from {{stnlink|Cardiff Central}}, Bristol Temple Meads, {{stnlink|Bath Spa}} to Southampton Central and {{stnlink|Portsmouth Harbour}}.

Churches

Besides the cathedral church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Salisbury has several churches of various denominations. Three of them – St Martin, St Thomas and St Lawrence (Stratford-sub-Castle) – are Grade I listed.

Medieval

(File:Salisbury - St Martin's Church - geograph.org.uk - 1184177.jpg|thumb|St Martin's Church (Church of England))St Martin's Church predates the establishment of the cathedral at New Sarum. The church is on the south side of Milford Hill, beyond the eastern edge of the medieval town. The chancel is from c.1230, the tower (with spire) is 14th-century and the nave and aisles are from the late 15th century, but there is evidence of an earlier church and of Saxon burials.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1259041|desc=Church of St Martin|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} The parish has a long-standing Anglo-Catholic tradition.WEB, Sarum St Martin,weblink 10 April 2023, A Church Near You, The Archbishops' Council, St Edmund's was founded as a collegiate church in 1269, in the north of the city. It was originally a larger building which was damaged when the central tower fell in 1653; the nave was demolished and a new tower built at the west end. A chancel was added in 1766 and then rebuilt in 1865–1867 by Sir George Gilbert Scott. The church was declared redundant in 1974 and reopened as Salisbury Arts Centre in 1975. A two-storey addition was built on the north side in 2003–2005.BOOK, Orbach, Julian, Wiltshire, Pevsner, Nikolaus, Cherry, Bridget, Yale University Press, 2021, 978-0-300-25120-3, The Buildings Of England, New Haven, US and London, 590–597, 1201298091, Nikolaus Pevsner, Bridget Cherry, (File:Medieval painting, St Thomas's Church, Salisbury UK.jpg|thumb|upright|The 15th-century doom painting in St Thomas' church)St Thomas' church has a central position, just west of the market square. It was founded in the early 13th century and rebuilt in the 15th at the expense of the city's prosperous merchants.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1273123|desc=Church of St Thomas|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} Above the chancel arch is a large 15th-century doom painting, "one of the best surviving" according to Orbach.WEB, Dowson, Thomas, The Doom Painting of St Thomas' Church, Salisbury,weblink 10 April 2023, archaeology-travel.com, 24 February 2022, The churches of three rural parishes are in areas now absorbed into Salisbury. St George's at West Harnham was begun in the 12th century and altered in the early 14th century.WEB, St George, West Harnham, Wiltshire,weblink 10 April 2023, The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, King's College London, {{National Heritage List for England|num=1242798|desc=Church of St George|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} St Lawrence, Stratford-sub-Castle, was built in the 13th century for the settlement near Old Sarum, at first as a chapelry of St Martin's.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1272953|desc=Church of St Lawrence|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}BOOK,weblink A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6, 1962, University of London, Crittall, Elizabeth, Victoria County History, 144–155, Salisbury: Churches, 13 April 2023, British History Online, The small church of St Andrew at Bemerton was built in the 14th century on the site of an earlier church.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023696|desc=Church of St Andrew|access-date=13 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} It is associated with the poet and priest George Herbert, rector from 1630 until his death in 1633.

19th century

St Osmund's (Catholic) is on Exeter Street in the city centre, a short distance east of the cathedral. It was designed by Augustus Pugin, who also designed some of the stained glass, and was consecrated in 1848.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1241985|desc=Church of St Osmund|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}St Paul's church, serving part of the northern suburbs, was built near the start of the Devizes road in 1853. It was a replacement for St Clement's at Fisherton village, which had stood near the Nadder since at least the 14th century. The style of worship has been evangelical since the 1860s.BOOK,weblink A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 6, 1962, University of London, Crittall, Elizabeth, Victoria County History, 180–194, Fisherton Anger, 10 April 2023, British History Online, The small All Saints' church was built at East Harnham in 1854, to designs of T.H. Wyatt.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1242276|desc=Church of All Saints|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}In 1861, St John's church was built at Bemerton to supplement St Andrew's. The building was declared redundant in 2010 and reopened in 2016 as a community centre and events venue.WEB, 19 July 2015, Village church saved after meeting fundraising target,weblink 10 April 2023, BBC News: Wiltshire, St Mark's was dedicated in 1894 to serve the expanding northern suburbs. The church is described as "ambitious" by Historic England and "expensively detailed" by Orbach. Construction was in stages, finishing in 1915, and the upper part of the tower was never built.{{National Heritage List for England|num=1259035|desc=Church of St Mark|access-date=10 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}19th-century buildings for other denominations include, in the city centre, the Methodist Church (1811, enlarged later);{{National Heritage List for England|num=1258943|desc=Methodist Community Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} the United Reformed Church (originally Congregational, 1879);{{National Heritage List for England|num=1355795|desc=Congregational Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} Elim Pentecostal Church (originally Primitive Methodist, 1896, now a nightclub);{{National Heritage List for England|num=1243577|desc=Elim Pentecostal Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}} and on Wilton Road, Emmanuel Church (1860).{{National Heritage List for England|num=1272928|desc=Emmanuel Free Evangelical Church|access-date=11 April 2023|fewer-links=yes}}

20th century

(File:Church of St. Gregory and the English Martyrs, (1) Salisbury, UK.jpg|thumb|Church of St. Gregory and the English Martyrs, Salisbury (Roman Catholic))The Roman Catholic St. Gregory's Church was built in the city's western suburbs in 1938.WEB, Salisbury - St Gregory and the English Martyrs,weblink 2024-02-05, Taking Stock, en-GB, As the city's suburbs extended further north, St Francis's church was consecrated in 1940 to serve an area which had been part of Stratford-sub-Castle parish. Worship is evangelical in style, and services are designed to appeal to families and young people.WEB, About: Story,weblink 21 March 2023, St Francis Church, 20 November 2013,

Sport and leisure

The city has a football team, Salisbury F.C., who play in the {{English football updater|Salisbur}} and are based at the Raymond McEnhill Stadium, on the northern edge of the city. Other non-league clubs are Bemerton Heath Harlequins F.C. and Laverstock & Ford F.C.(File:Salisbury racecourse.jpg|thumb|Salisbury Racecourse with the cathedral in the distance)Salisbury Rugby Club, which is based at Castle Road, play in Southern Counties South. South Wilts Cricket Club is based at the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Sports Club and play in the Southern Premier Cricket League. Salisbury Hockey Club is also based at the Salisbury and South Wilts Sports Club.WEB, Salisbury Hockey Club,weblink live,weblink" title="archive.today/20130505050906weblink">weblink 5 May 2013, 17 March 2013, The Five Rivers Leisure Centre and Swimming Pool, which was opened in 2002, is just outside the ring road. Salisbury Racecourse is a flat racing course to the south-west of the city. Five Rivers Indoor Bowls Club and Salisbury Snooker Club share a building on Tollgate Road, behind the college.Old Sarum Airfield, north of the city centre, is home to a variety of aviation-based businesses, including flying schools and the APT Charitable Trust for disabled flyers.The city's theatre is the Salisbury Playhouse. The City Hall is an entertainment venue and hosts comedy, musical performances (including those by the resident Musical Theatre Salisbury) as well as seminars and conventions. Salisbury Arts Centre, housed in a redundant church, has exhibitions and workshops.Salisbury is well-supplied with pubs. The Haunch of Venison, overlooking the Poultry Cross, operates from a 14th-century building; one of its attractions is a cast of a mummified hand, supposedly severed during a game of cards.NEWS, 16 March 2004, Mummified hand stolen from pub, BBC News: Wiltshire,weblink live, 19 May 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20070313191645weblink">weblink 13 March 2007, The Rai d’Or has original deeds dating from 1292. It was the home of Agnes Bottenham, who used the profits of the tavern to found Trinity Hospital next door in circa 1380.

Notable people

Born before 1900

• John of Salisbury (c. 1120–1180),Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318085609weblink |date=18 March 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 author, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres, born at Salisbury
• Simon Forman (1552 in Quidhampton, Fugglestone St Peter – 1611),Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 19 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044553weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 astrologer, occultist and herbalist
• John Bevis (1695 in Old Sarum – 1771),SEDS Deep Sky Astronomers website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830213647weblink |date=30 August 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 doctor, Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 04, Bevis, John {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133746weblink |date=1 February 2018 }} retrieved 30 January 2018 electrical researcher and astronomer. He discovered the Crab Nebula in 1731.
• James Harris (1709–1780),Archive of The Royal Society {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135006weblink |date=24 April 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 politician Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 25, Harris, James (1709–1780) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075814weblink |date=1 February 2018 }} retrieved 30 January 2018 and grammarian, born and educated in Salisbury
• James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury (1746 in Salisbury – 1820),Oxford Dictionary of National Biography {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917031007weblink |date=17 September 2016 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 diplomat, politician and MP
• Sir John Stoddart (1773 in Salisbury – 1856),Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900, Volume 54 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044912weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 writer and lawyer, and editor of The Times
• Sir George Staunton, 2nd Baronet (1781 at Milford House near Salisbury – 1859),Project Gutenberg {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044940weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 traveller and Orientalist
• Henry Fawcett PC (1833 in Salisbury – 1884),The University of Glasgow Story {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045153weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 academic, statesman and economist
• John Neville Keynes (1852 in Salisbury – 1949),A Cambridge Alumni Database, University of Cambridge {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424135013weblink |date=24 April 2019 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 economist, father of John Maynard Keynes
• Sir James Macklin (1864 in Harnham – 1944),The London Gazette, 30 December 1919 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008155016weblink |date=8 October 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 jeweller, farmer and six times Mayor of Salisbury, from 1913 to 1919
• Herbert Ponting (1870 in Salisbury – 1935),Royal Geographical Society biographical tribute {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060429160234weblink |date=29 April 2006 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 professional photographer, expedition photographer and cinematographer for Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition
• Lieutenant James Cromwell Bush (1891 in Salisbury – 1917),{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} World War I flying ace
• Lieutenant Colonel Tom Edwin Adlam (1893 in Salisbury – 1975),Imperial War Museums {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929234657weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 recipient of the Victoria Cross

Since 1900

• William Golding (1911–1993),NEWS, 21 June 1993, Obituaries: Sir William Golding, en-GB, The Independent,weblink live, 27 December 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20171228054255weblink">weblink 28 December 2017, novelist, schoolteacher. He taught philosophy in 1939 and English from 1945 to 1961 at Bishop Wordsworth's School.
• Jill Furse (1915 in Salisbury – 1944),ODNB, Robin, Ravilious, Whistler, Sir (Alan Charles) Laurence,weblink 2004, 10.1093/ref:odnb/75009, actress.
• Daphne Pochin Mould (1920 in Salisbury – 2014),Catholic Authors {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113113weblink |date=4 March 2016 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 photographer, broadcaster, geologist, traveller, pilot and Ireland'sIrish Examiner {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929233144weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 first female flight instructor
• John Rowan (1925 in Old Sarum – 2018 in London), author, one of the pioneers of Humanistic Psychology and Integrative Psychotherapy
• Iona Brown (1941 in Salisbury – 2004 in Salisbury),The Guardian, obituary {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044629weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 violinist and conductor. From 1968 to 2004 she lived in Bowerchalke.
• Ray Teret (1941 in Salisbury – 2021),Guardian newspaper {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930035753weblink |date=30 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 radio disc jockey and convicted rapist,Greater Manchester Police website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920012731weblink |date=20 September 2018 }}

retrieved 29 September 2017 sentenced to 25 years in prison in 2014

• Michael Crawford (born 1942),WEB,weblink Michael Crawford International Fan Association, www.mcifa.com, actor and singer, originated the title role in the musical The Phantom of the Opera
• Sir Jeffrey Tate (1943 in Salisbury – 2017),The Guardian, obituary {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044721weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 conductor of classical music
• John Rhys-Davies (born in 1944 in Salisbury), actor known for playing Gimli in The Lord of the Rings film series
• Anthony Daniels (born in 1946 in Salisbury), actor known for playing C-3PO in the Star Wars franchise
• Jonathan Meades (born 1947 in Salisbury),The New Statesman {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929091133weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 writer, food journalist, essayist and film-maker
• Prof. Martyn Thomas (born 1948 in Salisbury)weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140203112457weblink">Institution of Engineering and Technology retrieved 29 September 2017 software engineer, entrepreneur and academic
• Richard Digance (born 1949), comedian and folk singer. He lives in Salisbury.WEB, The Official Richard Digance Site &124; Biography,weblink live,weblink 19 April 2019, 21 April 2019, new-site,
• Kenneth Macdonald, Baron Macdonald of River Glaven (born 1953),The Guardian {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044812weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 Director of Public Prosecutions of England and Wales 2003–2008 and head of the Crown Prosecution Service. He attended Bishop Wordsworth's School in Salisbury.
• Carolyn Browne (born 1958),Government website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232532weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 diplomat, Ambassador to Kazakhstan. She attended South Wilts Grammar School for Girls.
• Teresa Dent (born 1959),Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232337weblink |date=29 September 2017 }}

retrieved 29 September 2017 CEO of Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust. She lives in Salisbury.

• Martin Foyle (born 1963 in Salisbury),Soccerbase {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232235weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 footballer and manager. He played 533 League games, scoring 155 goals.
• Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich (formed 1964),AllMusic Artist Biography by Craig Harris {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929045346weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 1960s pop/rock group, most of whom came from Salisbury or Wiltshire
• Clare Moody (born 1965), Labour Member of the European Parliament for South West England 2014–2019. Lives in Salisbury.
• Joseph Fiennes (born 1970 in Salisbury),The Guardian {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823121137weblink |date=23 August 2017 }} retrieved 28 September 2017 film and stage actor, educated in the town
• David Mitchell (born 1974 in Salisbury), comedian, actor, writer and television presenter
• Max Waller (born 1988 in Salisbury), cricketer, who plays for Somerset County Cricket Club
• Henni Zuël (born 1990 in Salisbury),Daily Mirror website {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929231734weblink |date=29 September 2017 }} retrieved 29 September 2017 professional golfer; youngest player to join the Ladies European Tour as an amateur

Media

BBC Radio Wiltshire is the BBC Local Radio public service station for the county, which sometimes broadcasts from or about the city. Salisbury used to have its own local radio station, Spire FM, which was purchased by Bauer Radio in 2019. Its frequency now transmits Greatest Hits Radio Salisbury, which broadcasts national and regional music programmes with local news bulletins.WEB, Paessler, Benjamin, 27 August 2020, Presenters announced for Greatest Hits Radio in Salisbury – station launching next week,weblink 2020-09-29, Salisbury Journal, en, Regional television services are provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian, and a local television channel "That's Salisbury" is provided by That's TV.WEB,weblink Full Freeview on the Salisbury (Wiltshire, England) transmitter, May 2004, UK Free TV, 10 August 2023, 19 November 2022,weblink live, .The Salisbury Journal is the local paid-for weekly newspaper, which is available in shops every Thursday. The local free weekly newspaper from the same publisher is the Avon Advertiser, which is delivered to houses in Salisbury and the surrounding area.

In popular culture

The two names for the city, Salisbury and Sarum, are humorously alluded to in a 1928 limerick from Punch:{hide}blockquote| }}The ambiguous pronunciation was also used in the following limerick, which also alludes to 'Hants', the shortened form of Hampshire:{{blockquote| }}

• Salisbury is the origin of "Melchester" in Thomas Hardy's novels, such as Jude the Obscure (1895).
• A lively account of the Salisbury markets, as they were in 1842, is contained in Chapter 5 of Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens.
• The fictitious Kingsbridge Cathedral in TV miniseries, The Pillars of the Earth (2010), based on a historical novel by the same name by Ken Follett, is modelled on the cathedrals of Wells and Salisbury. The final aerial shot of the series is of Salisbury Cathedral.WEB, 3 May 2010, Ken Follett on the Cathedrals in The Pillars of the Earth,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110121215923weblink">weblink 21 January 2011, 8 March 2011, Oprah Winfrey, Oprah.com, NEWS, Hale, Mike, 22 July 2010, Pillars of the Earth, The New York Times,weblink live, 25 February 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170204011724weblink">weblink 4 February 2017,
• Kate Bush cites the city on the first song of her 1982 album The Dreaming.
• The 1987 novel Sarum by Edward Rutherfurd describes the history of Salisbury.
• The novel The Spire by William Golding tells the story of the building of the spire of an unnamed cathedral similar to Salisbury Cathedral.
• Band Uriah Heep released an album and song called Salisbury in 1971.
• Progressive rock band Big Big Train wrote two songs in their Folklore album in which the Salisbury GiantWEB, BBC – A History of the World – Object : The Salisbury Giant,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190123083903weblink">weblink 23 January 2019, 29 April 2018, BBC, en-GB, appears.
• The Salisbury Poisonings is a three-part television drama which portrays the 2018 Novichok poisoning crisis, first broadcast on BBC One in June 2020.NEWS, Steven McIntosh, 14 June 2020, The Salisbury Poisonings: TV drama revisits Novichok attack 'horror', BBC News,weblink 30 June 2020,

Climate

Salisbury experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. The nearest Met Office weather station to Salisbury is Boscombe Down, about 6 miles to the north of the city centre. In terms of the local climate, Salisbury is among the sunniest of inland areas in the UK, averaging over 1650 hours of sunshine in a typical year. Temperature extremes since 1960 have ranged from {{convert|-12.4|C|F}} in January 1963WEB, 1963 Temperature,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120605185531weblink">weblink 5 June 2012, 9 November 2011, KNMI (institute), KNMI, to {{convert|34.5|C|F}} during July 2006.WEB, 2006 temperature,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111018051826weblink">weblink 18 October 2011, 9 November 2011, UKMO, The lowest temperature to be recorded in recent years was {{convert|-10.1|C|F}} during December 2010.WEB, 2010 temperature,weblink live,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131004235118weblink">weblink 4 October 2013, 9 November 2011, Tutiempo, {{Weather boxBoscombe Down, elevation: {{convert>128ftabbr=on}}, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1960–present| collapsed = | metric first = y| single line = y| Jan record high C = 13.6| Feb record high C = 17.5| Mar record high C = 21.3| Apr record high C = 25.9| May record high C = 27.5| Jun record high C = 33.7| Jul record high C = 34.5| Aug record high C = 34.2| Sep record high C = 28.7| Oct record high C = 26.2| Nov record high C = 17.6| Dec record high C = 14.6| Jan high C = 7.2| Feb high C = 7.5| Mar high C = 10.3| Apr high C = 13.1| May high C = 16.6| Jun high C = 19.5| Jul high C = 21.9| Aug high C = 21.6| Sep high C = 18.6| Oct high C = 14.4| Nov high C = 10.3| Dec high C = 7.5| year high C = 14.1| Jan mean C = 4.3| Feb mean C = 4.3| Mar mean C = 6.6| Apr mean C = 8.6| May mean C = 11.9| Jun mean C = 14.7| Jul mean C = 16.9| Aug mean C = 16.8| Sep mean C = 14.3| Oct mean C = 10.9| Nov mean C = 7.1| Dec mean C = 4.6| year mean C = 10.1| Jan low C = 1.4| Feb low C = 1.1| Mar low C = 2.8| Apr low C = 4.1| May low C = 7.3| Jun low C = 9.9| Jul low C = 12.0| Aug low C = 12.0| Sep low C = 10.0| Oct low C = 7.3| Nov low C = 3.9| Dec low C = 1.8| year low C = 6.2| Jan record low C = -12.4| Feb record low C = -9.6| Mar record low C = -9.6| Apr record low C = -4.7| May record low C = -2.4| Jun record low C = -0.1| Jul record low C = 4.4| Aug record low C = 3.6| Sep record low C = -0.1| Oct record low C = -3.4| Nov record low C = -6.4| Dec record low C = -11.3| precipitation colour = green| Jan precipitation mm = 74.5| Feb precipitation mm = 52.0| Mar precipitation mm = 57.2| Apr precipitation mm = 51.4| May precipitation mm = 54.4| Jun precipitation mm = 51.0| Jul precipitation mm = 48.9| Aug precipitation mm = 51.5| Sep precipitation mm = 59.4| Oct precipitation mm = 82.6| Nov precipitation mm = 84.0| Dec precipitation mm = 81.7| year precipitation mm = 748.6| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm| Jan precipitation days = 12.0| Feb precipitation days = 9.5| Mar precipitation days = 10.6| Apr precipitation days = 9.6| May precipitation days = 9.4| Jun precipitation days = 8.9| Jul precipitation days = 8.5| Aug precipitation days = 8.7| Sep precipitation days = 9.0| Oct precipitation days = 11.8| Nov precipitation days = 11.9| Dec precipitation days = 11.9| year precipitation days = 122.0| Jan sun = 62.2| Feb sun = 80.8| Mar sun = 119.2| Apr sun = 175.0| May sun = 205.9| Jun sun = 217.7| Jul sun = 223.3| Aug sun = 205.3| Sep sun = 152.3| Oct sun = 114.9| Nov sun = 75.1| Dec sun = 57.8| year sun = 1689.4| Jan uv = | Feb uv = | Mar uv = | Apr uv = | May uv = | Jun uv = | Jul uv = | Aug uv = | Sep uv = | Oct uv = | Nov uv = | Dec uv = Met OfficeHTTPS://WWW.METOFFICE.GOV.UK/RESEARCH/CLIMATE/MAPS-AND-DATA/UK-CLIMATE-AVERAGES/GCPKDSSGKACCESS-DATE=22 NOVEMBER 2021, Met Office, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute>KNMIHTTPS://ECA.KNMI.NL//DOWNLOAD/MILLENNIUM/MILLENNIUM.PHP>TITLE=BOSCOMBE DOWN STAID 2127PUBLISHER=WEATHER ATLASARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180709010608/HTTPS://ECA.KNMI.NL//DOWNLOAD/MILLENNIUM/MILLENNIUM.PHP, dead, }}

Freedom of the City

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Salisbury.{{Incomplete list|date=March 2023}}

Individuals

• Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson: 1800.WEB,weblink Bygone: When Lord Nelson received the freedom of the city, Moody, Frogg, 26 March 2023, The Salisbury Journal, 27 March 2023,

Military Units

• The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry: 1944.The Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry 1907–1967, Brig JRI Platt, Carnstone Press, 1972
• Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment: October 2004.WEB,weblink The last hurrah of a regiment, This Is Wiltshire, 16 October 2006,
• The Rifles: 20 November 2010.WEB,weblink Rifles regiment granted Freedom of Salisbury, Ministry of Defence, 23 November 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121018231218weblink">weblink 18 October 2012, live,
• 32nd Regiment, Royal Artillery: 7 July 2016.WEB,weblink Salisbury Plain army regiment takes over Guildhall Square, 7 July 2016,
• The Royal Military Police: 13 June 2018.WEB,weblink Freedom of Salisbury for Royal Military Police, 15 June 2018,

See also

• List of Grade I listed buildings in Salisbury

Explanatory notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{NSRW Poster}}{{Wikivoyage|Salisbury (England)}}

• {{Official website}}
• {{curlie|/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Wiltshire/Salisbury/|Salisbury}}
• Salisbury at VisitWiltshire
• Let Me Tell You: Salisbury – a BBC film about life in the city in 1967 at BBC Wiltshire
• Historic Salisbury photos at BBC Wiltshire

{{Geographic location| title = Settlements and geographic features near Salisbury| Centre = Salisbury| North = Stonehenge18 kmAmesbury 15 kmAndover, Hampshire>Andover 25 kmBasingstoke 45 km| East = Winchester 30 km| Southeast = Romsey 25 kmSouthampton 30 kmRingwood, Hampshire>Ringwood 20 kmBournemouth 35 km| Southwest = Shaftesbury 25 kmWilton, Wiltshire>Wilton 5 km| Northwest = Warminster 30 km}}{{Geographic location|title = Neighbouring areas of SalisburyWilton, Wiltshire>Wilton|North = Old SarumLaverstock and Ford>Ford|West = Netherhampton|Centre = Salisbury|East = Laverstock|Southwest = Coombe Bissett|South = Odstock|Southeast = Nunton}}{{UK cities}}{{Wiltshire}}{{Authority control}}