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Autonomous communities of Spain>Autonomous community and province| image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of the Region of Murcia.svg| flag_size = 125px| flag_alt = Flag of the Region of Murcia| image_shield = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Region_of_Murcia.svg| shield_size = 56px| shield_alt = Coat-of-arms of the Region of Murcia| motto = 275px|Map of the Region of Murcia)| map_alt = | map_caption = Location of the Region of Murcia within Spain38N50region:ES-MU_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline}}| coor_pinpoint = | subdivision_type = Country| subdivision_name = SpainCapital (political)>Capital| seat = Murcia| area_total_km2 = 113132.2% of Spain; Ranked 9th}}| population_as_of = 1.1.2020 official estimatepopulation_footnotes}}| population_total = 1511251| population_note = List of Spanish autonomous communities by population>Pop. rank| population_blank1 = 10th| population_blank2_title = Percent| population_blank2 = 3.0% of Spain| population_density_km2 = auto| demographics_type1 = Ethnic groupsRegión of Murcia>Murcian murciano, -na (es)| blank_name_sec1 = Official languagesSpanish language>Spanish| blank1_name_sec1 = Statute of Autonomy| blank2_info_sec1 = June 9, 1982| blank_name_sec2 = Parliament| blank_info_sec2 = Regional Assembly of MurciaCongress of Deputies (Spain)>Congress seats| blank1_info_sec2 = 10 (of 350)Spanish Senate>Senate seats| blank2_info_sec2 = 6 (of 265)Human Development Index>HDI (2021)WEBSITE=HDI.GLOBALDATALAB.ORGACCESS-DATE=2023-06-24, {{colorvery high}} · 12th| demographics_type2 = GDPWEBSITE=WWW.INE.ES, | demographics2_title1 = Total| demographics2_info1 = €35.809 billion (2022)| demographics2_title2 = Per capita| demographics2_info2 = €23,197 (2022)| postal_code_type = ISO 3166 code| postal_code = ES-MC (region) ES-MU (province)President of the Region of Murcia>President| leader_name = Fernando López MirasPeople's Party of the Region of Murcia>PP| website = Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia| footnotes =



factoids



}}}}The Region of Murcia ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊər|s|i|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|m|ɜːr|ʃ|(|i|)|ə}};WEB,weblink Murcia, Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins, 29 May 2019, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160928091649weblink">"Murcia" (US) and DICTIONARY,weblinkweblink dead, 2020-03-22, Murcia, Lexico UK English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, MERRIAM-WEBSTER, Murcia, 29 May 2019, {{IPA-es|reˈxjon de ˈmuɾθja|}}, Valencian: Regió de Múrcia) is an autonomous community of Spain located in the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Mediterranean coast. The region is {{convert|11,313|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in area and had a population of 1,511,251 as at the start of 2020.WEB,weblink El padrón registra la cuarta mayor subida, con 8.000 habitantes más, December 17, 2011, La Verdad de Murcia, 17 December 2011, About a third of its population lives in the capital, Murcia, and a seventh in the second city, Cartagena. At {{convert|2,014|m|ft|abbr=on}}, the region's highest point is Los Obispos Peak in the {{ill|Massif of Revolcadores|es|Macizo de Revolcadores}}.Review Geodesic Vertex, Government of Spain (pdf)A jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Murcia was replaced in the 19th century by territory primarily belonging to the provinces of Albacete and Murcia (and subsidiarily to those of Jaén and Alicante).JOURNAL,weblink 305, Anales de Historia Contemporánea, 14, 1998, María José, Vilar, Los orígenes de la delimitación territorial de la Comunidad de Murcia, The former two were henceforth attached to a 'historical region' also named after Murcia. The province of Murcia constituted as the full-fledged single-province autonomous community of the Region of Murcia in 1982.The region is bordered by Andalusia (the provinces of Almería and Granada), Castile La Mancha (the province of Albacete), the Valencian Community (province of Alicante), and the Mediterranean Sea. The autonomous community is a single province. The city of Murcia is the capital of the region and the seat of the regional government, but the legislature, known as the Regional Assembly of Murcia, is located in Cartagena. The region is subdivided into municipalities.BOOK, Editorial Planeta, New Larousse Encyclopedia, 1981, Barcelona, 84-320-4274-9, 6806, XIV, The region is among Europe's largest producers of fruits, vegetables, and flowers, with important vineyards in the municipalities of Jumilla, Bullas, and Yecla that produce wines of . It also has an important tourism sector concentrated on its Mediterranean coastline, which features the Mar Menor saltwater lagoon. Industries include the petrochemical and energy sector (centered in Cartagena) and food production. Because of Murcia's warm climate, the region's long growing season is suitable for agriculture; however, rainfall is low. As a result, in addition to the water needed for crops, there are increasing pressures related to the booming tourist industry. Water is supplied by the Segura River and, since the 1970s, by the Tagus-Segura Water Transfer, a major civil-engineering project that brings water from the Tagus River into the Segura under environmental and sustainability restraints.Notable features of the region's extensive cultural heritage include 72 cave art ensembles, which are part of the rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, a World Heritage Site.727 individual codes according to the list of UNESCO Other culturally significant features include the Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia and the (drumming processions) of Moratalla and Mula, which were declared intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO.Las Provincias. El Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia es designado Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad. 30 September 2009.WEB, Region of Murcia official website,weblink La tamborada de Mula y Moratalla, Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad por la Unesco, 29 November 2018, The region is also the home of Caravaca de la Cruz, a holy city in the Catholic Church that celebrates the Perpetual Jubilee every seven years in the Santuario de la Vera Cruz.WEB ,

Toponymy and denomination

The toponym (place name) Murcia is of uncertain origin. According to Francisco Cascales, it could refer to the Roman goddess Venus Murcia, from the myrtles on the banks of the Segura River. Historical studies conclude that, like the deity, Murcia is of Latin origin deriving most likely from or ('place of myrtles' or 'place where myrtles grow'). Furthermore, (already documented in the Islamic period as the name of the city of Murcia), was the adaptation in the Arabic of the pre-existing Latin.BOOK, Elena Conde Guerri, Rafael González Fernández, Alejandro Egea Vivancos, Espacio y tiempo en la percepción de la antigüedad tardía, 2006, 978-84-8371-667-0, Murcia, 135,weblink According to Bienvenido Mascaray, it is also possible that the name originates from the Iberian language in the form , meaning 'the water that empowers or moistens.'WEB, Mascaray, Bienvenido, Toponimia Ibérica – Murcia,weblink Ibéria según Mascaray, 26 December 2015, File:murcia 1795.jpg|thumb|Map of the Kingdom of Murcia in 1795]]The use of "Murcia" to define the present region has its origin in the Taifa of Murcia, an Arab kingdom that existed at different times in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.BOOK,weblink Miradas a la historia, Miguel Rodríguez Llopis, 2004, 59, University of Murcia, 9788483714478, After the Christian conquest of Murcia between 1243 and 1266, the Kingdom of Murcia emerged, a territorial jurisdiction that formed its own institutions until its demise in 1833.BOOK,weblink La Monarquía de España, Miguel Artola Gallego, 1999, 978-84-206-8195-5, First, 145, After the provincial administrative reform of 1833, the first Region of Murcia was formed from the provinces of Albacete and Murcia. In the first attempt at decentralization, during the First Republic, this region was one of the 17 member states that were contemplated by the Spanish Draft Constitution of 1873,BOOK,weblink La Revolución de 1868 y la I República, María Victoria López-Córdon, 1976, 978-84-323-0238-1, 59, proclaiming during that year the so-called Cantón Murciano, as an attempt to form a regional canton in the context of the Cantonal rebellion.BOOK, Juan Bautista Vilar Ramírez, El sexenio democrático y el cantón murciano,weblink Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, 1983, 9788400054021, In 1978, the Regional Council of Murcia was created as a pre-autonomous body, in effect until 1982, when the Statute of Autonomy of the Region of Murcia was approved. The province of Murcia was then granted autonomy under the official name of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia in the framework of the political process in place during the Spanish transition to democracy.

Symbols

File:"Granata et Murcia regna" (22271038571) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Map of the Kingdom of Murcia in La Geographia Blaviana by Joan Blaeu (1659). In the upper left quadrant appears the coat of arms of the kingdom, which was included in the flag and coat of arms of the Region of Murcia.]]The flag of the Region of Murcia is rectangular and contains four castle battlements in gold in the upper hoist canton, distributed two over two (symbolizing the borders of the ancient Kingdom of Murcia and the four borders that it had at some point in its history), and seven royal crowns in the lower fly canton (these being the escutcheon of the historical coat of arms of the Kingdom of Murcia), arranged in four rows, with one, three, two and one elements, respectively; all on the crimson background of Cartagena.WEB,weblink La bandera y el escudo de la Región de Murcia. Castillos y coronas, Region of Murcia website, The flag's origin dates back to the Spanish transition, when the president of the Regional Council of Murcia, Antonio Pérez Crespo, established a commission in 1978 to study the future flag of the Region of Murcia. The commission was formed by historians Juan Torres Fontes and José María Jover and senators Ricardo de la Cierva and Antonio López Pina. The project was approved on 26 March 1979 and the flag was first hoisted on 5 May 1979 on a balcony of the Regional Council building, the former Provincial Council of Murcia (now the Ministry of Finance).WEB,weblink La bandera y el escudo de la Región de Murcia. La bandera, Region of Murcia website, The same committee established that the coat of arms of the Region of Murcia had the same symbols and distribution as the flag, with the royal crown as a crest above. Flag and shield were specified by Article 4 of the Statute of Autonomy of the Region of Murcia, approved by organic law in 1982.The {{ill|Day of the Region of Murcia|es|Día de la Región de Murcia}} is celebrated on 9 June, commemorating the promulgation of the Statute of Autonomy.

Geography

Location

(File:Murcia Sat.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite view of the Region of Murcia.)The Region of Murcia is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It ranges from 38º 45' in the north to 37º 23' in the south, and from 0º 41' in the east to 2º 21' in the west. With an area of {{convert|11313|km2}}, it is the ninth-largest region of Spain by area and constitutes 2.9% of the national area. It extends over the greater part of the hydrographic basin of the Segura River, thus constituting a well-defined geographical unit, except for the comarcas of the Sierra de Segura and the Campos de Hellín which were in the province of Albacete, Los Vélez in Almería and La Vega Baja in the province of Alicante, all belonging to the same basin.WEB,weblink Posición geográfica de Murcia. Centro Regional de Estadística de Murcia,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160625002416weblink">weblink 25 June 2016,

Terrain

File:Macizo de Revolcadores, Moratalla, Murcia, España, cara sur, desde poco antes de Cañada de la Cruz.jpg|thumb|The 2014|m}}.Approximately 27% of the Murcian territory consists of mountainous reliefs, 38% intermountain depressions and corridor valleys, and the remaining 35% of plains and high plateaus. The region is located at the eastern end of the Baetic System, being affected climatologically by an orography that isolates it from the Atlantic influence. These mountain ranges are divided in turn from north to south into:WEB,weblink Relieve de la Región de Murcia – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-09,

• the Cordillera Prebética: the northernmost, where the Sierra del Carche stands out from the others.WEB,weblink Relieve en la Región de Murcia- Prebético – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08,
• the Cordillera Subbética: it consists of numerous dipping faults superimposed on each other or on the materials of the Prebaetic. The Massif of Revolcadores, the highest in the region at {{convert|2015|m}}, belongs to this system.
• the Cordillera Penibética: with three distinct lithological complexes from north to south (Nevado-Filabride, Alpujárride and Maláguide). They are very fractured, although there is a predominance of dipping faults and inverse faults between these complexes. Sierra Espuña is one of the fundamental penibaetic mountains.

Among the high plateaus are the Campo de San Juan and the Altiplano murciano.Some of the valleys and plains are the coastal depression of the Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor; a little farther inland is the Valle del Guadalentín (also called the Murcian pre-coastal depression), which crosses the region from southwest to northeast.BOOK, several authors, Atlas Global de la Región de Murcia,weblink 2007, La Verdad Grupo Multimedia, Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Cajamurcia, Murcia, El medio natural: El relieve,weblink The fertile plains lie along the Segura River (among the most famous ones the so-called Valle de Ricote), and tributaries of the Segura, such as the Mula basin.To explain this complex relief, it is important to highlight the existence of significant faults throughout the area—such as Alhama de Murcia, Bullas-Archena, or the Cicatriz Nor-Bética—which, along with intersections with other minor faults, generate numerous earth movements, such as the 2011 Lorca earthquake.The most widely present soil types are the calcaric fluvisol, the calcaric regosol, and the calcic xerosol.BOOK, Atlas Global de la Región de Murcia, 187, Regosol soils form about a quarter of the region's surface;BOOK, Atlas Global de la Región de Murcia, 181, and calcic horizons (B horizons [third layers of the soil] being formed by calcium carbonate deposits and 15 cm thick at least, and containing a minimum 15% of CaCO3 besides more features) occur in almost half of the surface.BOOK, Atlas Global de la Región de Murcia, 183,

Climate

Murcia predominantly has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh) and a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk). However, parts of the southern coast of Murcia have a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh). In addition, there are small areas in the interior that have a cold desert climate (BWk), a hot summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) and, to a lesser extent, a warm summer Mediterranean climate (Csb).WEB, Evolucion de los climas de Koppen en España en el periodo 1951-2020,weblink 2024-05-06, Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia, Winters are mild (an average of {{convert|11|°C}} in December and January) and summers are hot to very hot (where the daily maximum regularly exceeds {{convert|40|°C}}). The average annual temperature varies from {{convert|10|°C}} to more than {{convert|19|°C}}.WEB, Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de, Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España,weblink 2024-05-06, www.aemet.es, es, Precipitation varies from more than {{convert|550|mm|in}} to less than {{convert|200|mm|in}} per year, making this autonomous community the driest in Spain.WEB, Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de, Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España,weblink 2024-05-06, www.aemet.es, es, The region has between 120 and 150 days in the year where the sky is totally clear. April and October have the most precipitation, with frequent heavy downpours in a single day.The distance to the sea and the relief causes a thermal difference between the coast and the interior, especially in winter, when the temperature rarely dips below {{convert|10|°C}} on the coast, while in the interior regions the minimum usually does not rise above {{convert|6|°C}} and the precipitation level is higher (up to {{convert|600|mm}}).The city of Murcia holds the Spanish record high temperature in the 20th century. It reached {{convert|46.1|°C|°F}} on July 4, 1994. The winter of 2005 was the coldest in a long time, with snow falling even on the Murcian coast.WEB, 2005-12-23, La Verdad Digital – Murcia,weblink 2021-08-02,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20051223050436weblink">weblink 2005-12-23,

Hydrography

Rivers

The region's hydrographic network consists mainly of the Segura river and its tributaries:WEB, Río Segura – Mapa Político – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink 2020-08-13, es,

• the Mundo River, which originates in Albacete); it contributes the greatest volume to the Segura.
• the Alhárabe River and its tributary the Benamor.WEB, Visitando: el río Alhárabe – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink 2021-02-12, Spanish,
• the Mula River.WEB, Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria "Río Mula y Pliego" (ES6200045),weblink 2020-08-13, es,
• the Guadalentín, Sangonera or Reguerón (which originates above Lorca).WEB, Ayuntamiento de Alhama de Murcia – Río Guadalentín,weblink 2020-08-13, es, WEB, Guadalentín: El río más salvaje de Europa I La Verdad, 31 October 2010,weblink 2020-08-13, es,

Due to the Segura river basin's insufficient water capacity, contributions to this river basin are made from the basin of the Tajo River by means of the Tajo–Segura Water Transfer.WEB, Trasvase Tajo-Segura,weblink 2021-02-12, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Spanish,

Seas

The greatest natural lake of Spain can be found in the region: the Mar Menor (Small Sea) lagoon. It is a salt water lagoon, adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. Its special ecological and natural characteristics make the Mar Menor a unique place and the largest saltwater lake in Europe. With a semicircular shape, it is separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a sand strip {{convert|22|km}} in length and between {{convert|100 and 1200|m}} wide, which is known as La Manga del Mar Menor (the Minor Sea's Sandbar).WEB, Mar Menor – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink 2020-08-14, es, The lagoon has been designated by the United Nations as a Specially Protected Zone of Importance for the Mediterranean. Its coastal perimeter accounts for {{convert|73|km}} of coast, along which beaches follow one another beside crystal clear shallow water (the maximum depth does not exceed {{convert|7|m}}). The lake has an area of {{convert|170|sqkm}}.WEB, Murcia, Instituto de Turismo de la Región de, Mar Menor : Official Murcia Region tourist site,weblink 2020-08-14, murciaturistica.es, en,

Flora and fauna

Flora

There are more than 30 tree species, over 50 species of shrubs, and more than 130 herbaceous plant species in the region. Some species have been introduced but are now part of the landscape.WEB,weblink Árboles – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Arbustos – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Hierbas y Matas – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, Indigenous tree species in the region are Aleppo pines, Mediterranean buckthorns, tamarisk trees, and field elms. There are also some species that have been introduced, such as the Mediterranean cypress.Native shrubs found in several parts of the region are esparto grass, a species of the genus European fan palm, Salsola genistoides (close to the opposite-leaved saltworts), rosemary, lentisks, black hawthorns, Neptune grass, shaggy sparrow-wort, and Retama sphareocarpa. There are also species which have been introduced, such as the tree tobacco and Opuntia maxima.In regards to herbaceous plants, some native species are slender sowthistles, false sowthistles, mallow bindweeds, wall barleys, fennels, Brachypodium retusum (close to false-bromes), Thymus hyemalis (close to broad-leaved thymes), Asphodelus ayardii (of the same genus as onionweeds). Non-native species include the African wood-sorrel and the flax-leaf fleabane.

Fauna

In the region, there are over 10 species of land mammals (not counting bats), 19 bat species, over 80 bird species, 11 species of amphibians, 21 reptile species, and 9 species of fish.WEB,weblink Mamíferos – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Aves – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Anfibios – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Reptiles – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, WEB,weblink Peces – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-08, Mammals inhabiting the area include barbary sheep, European badgers, beech martens, Eurasian otters, red foxes, wild boars, red squirrels, European wildcats, garden dormice, and Cabreras vole (of the same genus as field voles). In addition, some species of bats are the common pipistrelle, Kukhl's pipistrelle, the common bent-wing bat, the soprano pipistrelle, the greater horseshoe bat, the meridional serotine (which only inhabits southern Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia), the lesser horseshoe bat, and the European free-tailed bat.In regard to birds, there are some raptor species, such as Bonelli's eagles, golden eagles, peregrine falcons, little owls, and Eurasian eagle-owls. There are also waterbirds, such as yellow-legged gulls, mallards, black-winged stilts, little grebes, and garganeys. Other bird species are the house sparrow, European greenfinch, European robins, common blackbirds, and European turtle doves.Some amphibians found in the Region of Murcia are Perez's frog, common parsley frog, European toads, and Natterjack toads.Reptile species in the region are Montpellier snakes, ladder snakes, horseshoe whip snakes, viperine water snakes, Iberian worm lizards, Spanish pond turtles, Iberian wall lizards, Spanish psammodromus, Tarentola mauritanica, loggerhead sea turtles, and Greek tortoises.Fish species in the region include the Atlantic horse mackerel, Spanish toothcarp, gilt-head bream, greater amberjack, sand steenbras, and flathead grey mullet.

History

Prehistory and Ancient Era

Since the Lower Paleolithic era, the Region of Murcia has been inhabited by humans.WEB, Paleolítico Inferior – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-04, In the Torre-Pacheco municipality in the southeast of the region is a noteworthy paleontological site, the Sima de las Palomas, which contains bone remains of Neanderthals from the Middle Paleolithic era.WEB, Paleolítico Medio – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-04, The Argaric culture flourished in the region from the Chalcolithic era until the early Bronze Age. La Bastida is a site in the Totana municipality, in the southwestern quarter of the region, that references the civilization.WEB, Turismo Totana – La Bastida,weblink es, 2020-05-05, Later, the Iberians were present in this territory during the Middle and Late Bronze Age and remained until very early in ancient history, before the Romans conquered a large part of the Iberian Peninsula.WEB, Los íberos – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-05, A shrine, necropolis, and an ancient settlement for these people can be found at the {{ill|El Cigarralejo|es|Complejo ibérico de El Cigarralejo}} site. Another site that consists of the remains of an Iberian shrine is Santuario Ibérico de la Luz, located in the Murcia municipality.WEB, Santuario – Santuario Ibérico de La Luz,weblink es, 2020-05-05, In 227 BC, Carthaginians settled in what is now Cartagena and established a permanent trading port on its coast that was named Qart-Hadast. For the Carthaginian traders, the mountainous territory was merely the Iberian hinterland of their seacoast empire. In 209 BC, the Romans conquered Qart-Hadast, and the territory belonged to the province of Hispania Carthaginensis.WEB, Historia de Cartagena- Antigüedad – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-05, During the Roman era, Carthago Nova was the most important place in the region, and there are still remains of ancient villas in the Campo de Cartagena.WEB, Historia de Torre Pacheco- Antigüedad – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink WEB, Publicación número 10048 del BORM número 142 de 23/06/2011,weblink es, 2020-05-06, The Romans built a salt factory and settled in a little town called Ficaria, in the current municipality of Mazarrón.WEB, Historia Antigua de Mazarrón – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-06, Altiplano and Noroeste comarcas (a kind of region) both contain surviving dwellings of the Romans.WEB, Publicación número 10279 del BORM número 145 de 27/06/2011,weblink es, 2020-05-06, WEB, Publicación número 8631 del BORM número 128 de 05/06/2013,weblink es, 2020-05-06, In the early 5th century, the Vandals, Suebi, and Alans began to invade the Iberian Peninsula, settling in different provinces. The Vandals acquired Lusitania and Carthaginensis, the Suebi took the Gallaecia, and the Alans settled in Baetica. The Romans wanted to recover their land and requested assistance from the Visigoths, to which they would provide goods and territory in return. With that, the Alans and Vandals were defeated by the Visigoths and fled to North Africa. Consequently, the Visigoths became federated to the Roman Empire in a kingdom that stretched from Gibraltar to the Loire River. The Visigothic kingdom became independent of the Roman Empire in 476.WEB, La invasión de los pueblos germánicos – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-07, In 555 AD, the Byzantines, under the emperor Justinian the Great, conquered the southeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and established the province of Spania. Part of the current Region of Murcia belonged to the province and therefore to the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. The current of Campo Cartagena-Mar Menor (Cartagena, La Unión, Fuente Álamo, Torre-Pacheco, Los Alcázares, Mazarrón) and Alto Guadalentín (Lorca, Águilas, San Javier and Santiago de la Ribera, and Puerto Lumbreras) also belonged to the province.WEB, La provincia de Spania: Carthago Spartaria – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-07, WEB, Bizancio en Spania – Revista de Historia, 7 March 2015,weblink es, 2020-05-07,

Moorish Middle Ages

In the early 8th century there was a disputed succession to the Visigothic throne. The king Wittiza wanted his son Agila to be his successor, but the nobles of the court elected Roderic, duke of Baetica, as king. The people in favour of Agila conspired to overthrow Roderic. They asked the Moors for help and promised spoils of war in return.WEB, El Emirato Dependiente: el pacto de Tudmir,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-08, The Moors began conquering the Iberian Peninsula in 711. Roderic was killed, and the Visigothic kingdom disappeared. Consequently, the Moors quickly conquered much of the peninsula.Theodemir led a nucleus of resistance in almost all the current region and the south of Alicante province. In 713, he signed the Treaty of Orihuela, because the resistance could no longer endure. The territory came under Muslim rule, but the conquerors granted it political autonomy.Under the Moors, who introduced the large-scale irrigation upon which Murcian agriculture relies, the province was known as Todmir. According to Idrisi, the 12th century Arab cartographer based in Sicily, it included the cities of Orihuela, Lorca, Mula, and Chinchilla.File:Ibn Hud, Cantigas de Santa Maria 169.jpg|thumb|upright|Ibn Hud as depicted in the Cantigas de Santa MariaCantigas de Santa MariaIn the early 11th century, after the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, a territory centered on the city of Murcia became an independent principality, or taifa. At one point, the taifa included parts of the present-day provinces of Albacete and Almería, as well.After the 1086 Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravid emirate swallowed up the taifas. When Almoravid rule ultimately declined, Abu ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīš established a taifa—including the cities of Murcia, Valencia, and Dénia—that opposed for a time the spread of the Almohads, but ultimately succumbed to the latter's advance in the 1170s. Conversely, when the Almohads receded after their defeat in the 1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, another taifa-prince based in Murcia, Ibn Hud, rebelled against Almohad rule and briefly controlled most of Al-Andalus.

Christian Middle Ages and early modern period

Ferdinand III of Castile received the submission of the Moorish king of Murcia under the terms of the 1243 {{ill|Treaty of Alcaraz|es|Tratado de Alcaraz (1243)}} and made the territory a protectorate of the Crown of Castile. There were towns that rejected compliance with the treaty, such as Qartayanna-Al halfa (Cartagena), Lurqa (Lorca) and Mula. There were also towns where governors accepted the treaty but the inhabitants did not, such as Aledo, Ricote, Uruyla (Orihuela), and Medina La-Quant (Alicante), (although the two last do not belong to the present-day Region of Murcia; they were part of the Taifa of Murcia). In 1245, a Castilian army and a fleet from the Cantabrian Sea conquered Qartayanna. Consequently, the rest of the rebellious towns were also taken by the Castilians.BOOK, La Región de Murcia y su historia, 1989, 84-85-856-60-0, I, 187, Pérez, Fulgencio Pedreño, Following the support of local Muslims for the Mudéjar revolt of 1264–1266, in 1266 Alfonso X of Castile annexed the territory outright with critical military support from his uncle Jaime I of Aragon.WEB, Historia de Cartagena- Edad Media Cristiana – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-08, The Castilian conquest of Murcia marked the end of the Aragon's southward expansion along the Iberian Mediterranean coast. The kingdom of Murcia was repopulated with people from Christian territories by giving them land.BOOK, González Castaño, Juan,weblink Breve historia de la Región de Murcia, 2009, 978-84-7564-527-8, 94, James II of Aragon broke an agreement between the Castile and Aragon regarding the division of territory between the two kingdoms and, from 1296 to 1302, conquered Alicante, Elche, Orihuela, Murcia, Cartagena, and Lorca. In consequence of those victories, James II and Ferdinand IV of Castile agreed to the Treaty of Torrellas, which stipulated the return of the conquered territory to Castile, save for the towns of Cartagena, Orihuela, Elche, and Alicante. In 1305, Cartagena was returned to Castile. The kingdom of Murcia lost the territory of the current province of Alicante.WEB, Las intervenciones militares de la Corona de Aragón – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-09, The Castilian monarchs proceeded to delegate power over the whole Kingdom of Murcia (then a borderland of the Crown of Castile, near Granada and Aragon) to a senior officer called the Adelantado. The kingdom of Murcia was divided into religious manors, nobility manors, and realengo (a type of manorialism in which the noble had the property, but the king had the authority to administer justice). There were two noble lineages during the Late Middle Ages and the modern period: Los Manueles and Los Fajardos.WEB, Las luchas nobiliarias por el poder: Manueles vs Fajardos – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-10, The Kingdom of Murcia was adjacent to the Emirate of Granada, which provoked several Muslim raids and wars that occurred mainly during the 15th century.BOOK, La Región de Murcia y su historia, 1989, 84-85-856-60-0, II, 197, 198, es, Pérez, Fulgencio Pedreño, WEB, Territorio de fronteras: las guerras con Granada,weblink es, 2020-05-12, (File:Reino de Murcia loc 1590.svg|thumb|upright|Map of the Kingdom of Murcia in 1590)In the early 16th century, the population increased in the Kingdom of Murcia. There were three plague epidemics during the century, but they did not severely affect the region. In the first third of the century, the Revolt of the Comuneros occurred. Some places that supported the revolt were towns in the present-day Castile and León and Castilla-La Mancha regions. In the Kingdom of Murcia, the revolutionary towns were Murcia, Cartagena, Lorca, Caravaca, Cehegín, and Totana. The castle of Aledo defended the monarchy. In 1521, the Revolt of the Comuneros was defeated.WEB, El emperador Carlos V: la revuelta comunera – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-14, In the early 17th century, King Philip III of Spain expelled all the Moriscos (descendants of Muslims) from Valencia, Aragon, and Castille. During this century, two plague epidemics also occurred.BOOK, González Castaño, Juan,weblink Breve historia de la Región de Murcia, 2009, 978-84-7564-527-8, 184, 185, 189, During the 18th century, Francisco Salzillo was a notable Baroque artist in the Kingdom of Murcia. He made carvings with religious imagery.WEB, Felipe V: el esplendor del Barroco murciano – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-16,

Napoleonic wars

In 1807, Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau with Spain, in order for French armies to cross the peninsula to conquer Portugal. In early 1808, Napoleon betrayed Spain and invaded Pamplona, San Sebastián, Barcelona, Burgos, and Salamanca. In 1808, the people of Madrid rebelled, and all of Spain was summoned to fight the French invaders. The people of the country established for each province political organisations, or juntas, as alternatives to the official administrations. Since the French were not much present in the Kingdom of Murcia, battles were rare in the region. Nevertheless, Spaniards from the region battled the French in other areas of Spain. In addition, the region became a staging area for the movement of troops, guns, and supplies destined for the eastern Iberian Peninsula, or Andalucía. In 1810, French troops did attack the Kingdom of Murcia. Most local officials escaped. The French, coming from Lorca, invaded the town of Murcia on 23 April, and looted it on the 26th. The troops returned to the town in August, but defensive measures had been taken and the French attack was repelled. The French army occupied Murcia again in January 1812, looting Águilas, Lorca, Caravaca, Cehegín, Jumilla, Yecla, Mula, Alhama de Murcia, and the Ricote Valley. Cartagena withstood a French siege, owing to its rampart and the help of an English fleet. In 1813, the French were decisively defeated in the north at the Battle of Vitoria.WEB, La Guerra de Independencia y Floridablanca – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-19, WEB, Murcia en los dos primeros años de la guerra por la independencia,weblink es, 2020-05-19,

20th century

In 1936, under the Second Spanish Republic, there was an uprising. The North African territories of Spain were taken on 17 July. The uprising was successful in some areas of Spain. The partial success of the uprising brought on the Spanish Civil War. The province of Murcia supported the Popular Front (the governing party in that era). The port of Cartagena became the main base of the Republican navy and was home to destroyer, cruiser, and submarine fleets. Thus, the Region of Murcia was of geostrategic importance during the war. To defend Cartagena, there were anti-aircraft bases throughout the region. The region was not near the frontlines and overall it was not attacked, except from the air against Cartagena and Águilas. Large factories, basic services, and some other properties were seized by trade unions. There was an impoverishment among the inhabitants and a lack of food supplies. Consequently, rationing was established in the region.WEB, La Guerra Civil-El Alzamiento Nacional – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-20, WEB, El plan de defensa de la provincia de Murcia – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-20, Under Francoist Spain, wine agriculture and economic activities increased in the Altiplano (north of the region).WEB, El franquismo-La autarquía (años 40): la creación de la Academia General del Aire,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-29, An oil refinery infrastructure was established in Cartagena in 1942, and power refineries, supply refineries, and factories were constructed in the same area during the 1950s and 1960s.WEB, Barrios y Diputaciones I Historia I Tu Ciudad I Ayuntamiento de Cartagena,weblink Gómez Vizcaíno, Juan Antonio, es, 2020-05-29, WEB, La ruptura del aislamiento internacional (años 50): la Refineria de Petróleos de Escombreras,weblink Gómez-Guillamón Buendía, Antonio, es, 2020-05-29, Murcia became an autonomous region in 1982.Massive riots erupted in Cartagena in 1992 protesting against the closing down of shipbuilding, mining and chemical companies and the regional legislature building was set on fire.WEB,weblink Público (Spain), Público, 18 February 2022, La revuelta obrera que hizo arder el Parlamento murciano, Juan, Losa,

Demographics

{{Historical populations|type =Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)>INE 577987 615105 638639 645449 719701 756721 800463 832313 955498 1045601 1197646 1462128 1518486}}{{Pie chart|thumb = leftCENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES SOCIOLóGICAS (CENTRE FOR SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)>TITLE=MACROBARóMETRO DE OCTUBRE 2019, BANCO DE DATOS – DOCUMENT 'POBLACIóN CON DERECHO A VOTO EN ELECCIONES GENERALES Y RESIDENTE EN ESPAñA, REGIóN DE MURCIA (AUT.) PAGE=22 LANGUAGE=ES, Catholic Church in Spain>Catholicism|value1 = 80.1|color1 = #d4213d|label2 = Unaffiliated|value2 = 12.37|color2 = WhiteSmokeIslam in Spain>Islam|value3 = 7.53|color3 = Green}}The Region of Murcia had a population of 1,511,251 inhabitants at the start of 2020,(INE 2021, National Statistic Institute of Spain) of which almost a third (30.4%) live in the municipality of Murcia, and nearly another sixth (14.3%) live in the municipality of Cartagena along the south coast. It makes up 3.0% of the Spanish population. In addition, after Ceuta and Melilla, Murcia has the highest population growth (5.52 per thousand inhabitants) and the highest birth rate in the country.

• Birth rate (2004): 13.00 per 1,000
• Mortality rate (2004): 7.48 per 1,000
• Life expectancy (2002):
  • Men: 76.01 years
  • Women: 82.00 years

In the 1991–2005 period, the Murcian population grew by 26.06%, as opposed to the national average of 11.85%. 12.35% of the inhabitants are of foreign origin, according to the INE 2005 census, which is 4% more than the Spanish average. The most notable groups of immigrants are Ecuadorians (33.71% of all foreigners), Moroccans (27.13%), Britons (5.95%), Bolivians (4.57%), and Colombians (3.95%).Roman Catholicism is, by far, the largest religion in the Region of Murcia. In 2019, 80.1% of Murcians identified themselves as Roman Catholic.WEB,weblink Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research), Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos – Document 'Población con derecho a voto en elecciones generales y residente en España, Región de Murcia (aut.), October 2019, 22, 4 February 2020, es, There is a jewish community of murcia made up of less than 100 members in 2020.However in 2024 it was 327 officially. this growth is due to the massive influx of north europeans retiring to thr better weqather in south europe. Murcia is one of the cities where these people retire to. aming them there are jewish people.When older jews retire here so to do younger ones dentists carpenters doctors lawyers repairmen.So now murcias jewish population has triples and in 25 it is expected to double to as many as 5 to 6 hundred as more seniors retire here followed by younger jewish to invenst in s kosher supermarket or any business .there is no rabbi in murcia.

Language

The Spanish spoken in the region has its own accent and local vocabulary. The Murcian dialect is one of the southern dialects of Spanish and tends to eliminate many syllable-final consonants and emphasizes regional vocabulary, much of which is derived from Aragonese, Catalan, and Arabic words. The general intonation and some of the distinctive vocabulary of the Murcian dialect share several traits with the dialects spoken in the neighboring province of Almería, north of Granada, and the Vega Baja del Segura, in the Alicante province.WEB, Gómez Ortín, Francisco, El Dialecto Murciano y Sus Variedades,weblink es, 8 May 2021, The Valencian language is spoken in a small area of the region known as El weblink La Murcia donde se habla valenciano, 26 August 2019, es, 2019-12-08,

Municipalities

File:Catafalco de la sardina 2015 (Murcia).jpg|thumb|upright|The Burial of the Sardine in MurciaThe Burial of the Sardine in Murcia

Major tourist destinations

The most visited towns are:WEB, BALANCE TURÍSTICO DE LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA 2017,weblink 73, es, 2020-05-04,

• Murcia, the capital city, offers the facilities of a large city. It is the seventh-largest Spanish city by population with approximately 440,000 inhabitants in 2009. Murcia's sights include its famous cathedral with its {{convert|90|m|ft|adj=on}} tall bell tower. Murcia is also a large university town with more than 30,000 students per year. It has more than 2 million m2 of parks and gardens. Murcia has a rich history tied to the Jewish community.
• Cartagena is the region's second-largest city and one of the main Spanish naval bases. Sights include its recently restored Roman Theatre (among its numerous other Roman remains) and a number of modernist buildings of its military fortifications.
• Lorca is a large medieval town at the foothills upon which its famous castle stands. It is the second-largest municipality of Spain in area.
• Caravaca de la Cruz, or simply Caravaca, is one of the five official Holy cities for Catholicism since it is claimed to house part of the Lignum Crucis, the Holy Cross.

The castles itinerary

The interior of the Region of Murcia has plenty of castles and fortifications that show the importance of these frontier lands between the Christian Castile and the Muslim Andalusia. They include:

• Castle of Jumilla, a former Roman fortification turned by the Moors into an Alcazaba. The Castilian kings and the marquesses of Villena gave it its appearance of a Gothic royal residence.
• Castle of Moratalla, one of the largest castles of the province, built to defend the town of Moratalla from invaders from the nearby Muslim Kingdom of Granada.
• Castle of Mula, of Muslim origin, but as with many castles, eventually restored and renovated.
• Royal Alcázar of Caravaca de la Cruz, where the Holy sanctuary was built, also of Moorish origin, conquered by the Christians and finally home to several noble families.
• Concepción Castle, in Cartagena, built on one of the five hills of the old Cartagena, following the Roman taste. Now it is home of the Centre for the Interpretation of the History of Cartagena.
• Lorca Castle, also known as the Fortress of the Sun.

Festivals

Cartagena's and Lorca's Holy Week processions have been declared of International Tourist Interest,WEB, Semana Santa de Cartagena: Web oficial turismo Región de Murcia,weblink es, 2020-05-30, WEB, Semana Santa de Lorca : Web oficial turismo Región de Murcia,weblink es, 2020-05-30, together with Murcia's and "The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia", included in its spring festivities.WEB, Entierro de la Sardina : Web oficial turismo Región de Murcia,weblink es, 2020-05-30, Murcia's Holy Week is also interesting since its processions include statues by Murcian sculptor Francisco Salzillo.Cartagena's main festivities are the , re-enacting the Punic Wars. They have been declared of National Tourist Interest.WEB, Fiestas de Carthagineses y Romanos: Web oficial de turismo de la Región de Murcia,weblink es, 2020-05-29, Águila's Carnival is one of the most important and colourful in Spain.WEB, Carnaval de Águilas : Official Murcia Region tourist site,weblink Murcia, Instituto de Turismo de la Región de, murciaturistica.es, en, 2020-05-29,

Beaches and golf

The has {{convert|250|km}} of beaches, from El Mojón, in the north near Alicante, to Águilas, in southwest Murcia near Almería.One of the major destinations of Murcia is the Mar Menor or Small Sea, located on the Mediterranean. It is the largest natural lake in Spain and the largest salty lagoon in Europe.WEB, Mar Menor – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-30, It is separated from the Mediterranean by a {{convert|22|km|adj=on}} long narrow sandy strip known as La Manga del Mar Menor or simply .WEB, La Manga – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-30, It is probably the most developed and overcrowded holiday area of Murcia, despite being declared one of the Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) by the United Nations.Mar Menor's muds are famous for their therapeutic properties.WEB, Mar Menor Muds : Official Murcia Region tourist site,weblink Murcia, Instituto de Turismo de la Región de, murciaturistica.es, en, 2020-05-30, Apart from Mar Menor, the Murcian coast from Cartagena to the frontier with Andalusia alternates between wild and unspoilt rocky areas, large sandy beaches, and the towns of Mazarrón and Águilas.WEB, Playas en Mazarrón : Web oficial turismo Región de Murcia,weblink es, 2020-05-30, WEB, Águilas : Official Murcia Region tourist site,weblink Murcia, Instituto de Turismo de la Región de, murciaturistica.es, en, 2020-05-30, The needs of tourism have forced the area to add all kinds of facilities and services. A construction boom resulted in a huge number of estates, including the controversial holiday resorts of Polaris World, second residences, and numerous malls. Thanks to the orography and climate of the region, these lands are suitable for golf courses, a fact that has been very controversial because of the need for water, which Murcia lacks, being a very dry region.Other services include adventure tourism companies, tourist routes, guided visits, yacht facilities, nautical excursions, and sports federations.Golf, and in particular golf tourism, has become important to the economy and draws visitors from around the world, particularly the United States, United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and Germany.JOURNAL, 2015, Estudio de productos. Costa Cálida – Verano 2014,weblink Turismo en la Región de Murcia. Estudios y estadísticas, es, Instituto de turismo Región de Murcia, 7, Unlike other parts of Europe, especially northern Europe, the weather in high season can almost be guaranteed to be dry and sunny. This has led to the creation of specialist golf holidaysWEB,weblink GolfStash Holidays | Golf Breaks Spain, 2021-01-10, 2021-01-25,weblink dead, to bring in visitors from April to June and September to November, especially. Unlike in other parts of the country, golf courses are quieter in July and August due to the extreme heat.

Natural resources and rural tourism

The Region of Murcia has 19 areas under different statutes of environmental protection, representing 6% of its territory.WEB,weblink Espacios naturales – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-09, WEB,weblink Reservas y Espacios Naturales – Región de Murcia Digital, es, WEB,weblink Paisajes Protegidos – Región de Murcia Digital, es, 2019-12-09,

• The Sierra Espuña – a protected natural space of {{convert|17804|ha}} in area. It is located on the Baetic Cordillera within the basin of the Segura River. This regional park is centred around the {{convert|1583|m|adj=on}} Sierra Espuña mountain. It has been declared a Special Protection Area for birds.WEB, Zonas de Especial Protección para las Aves (ZEPA), Special Protection Areas for Birds,weblink Ministry of Environment (Spain), Ministry of Environment, es, 30 March 2021,
• {{ill|Salinas y Arenales de San Pedro del Pinatar|es}} – a salt marsh by the Mar Menor.
• {{ill|Parque regional de Cabo Cope y Puntas de Calnegre|es}}, between Águilas and Lorca, by the Mediterranean sea. The regional government attempted to amend Law 1/2001 of 24 April on Land in the Region of Murcia, to declassify a total of {{convert|1600|ha}} of the land protected by the regional park, but the attempt was annulled by the Constitutional Court of Spain. Rare species of animals (Bonelli's eagle, Greek tortoise, martingale) and plants are threatened.
• Calblanque Regional Park – between La Manga and Cartagena, has beaches that are favoured by Murcians, although it is an undeveloped area.
• {{ill|Carrascoy y el Valle|es}} – a Special Protection Area and Site of Community Importance (SCI).
• {{ill|Sierra de la Pila (Región de Murcia)|lt=Sierra de la Pila|es}} – is also a Special Protection Area.
• {{ill|Sierra del Carche|es}} – also part of the Baetic Cordillera. It is in the north of the region, in the Yecla and Jumilla municipalities.WEB, Presidencia – Murcia Natural,weblink es, 2020-05-04,
• {{ill|Cañón de Almadenes|es}} – a Special Protection Area on the Segura River.
• {{ill|Humedal del Ajuaque y Rambla Salada|es}} – another wetland and Special Protection Area.
• {{ill|Cabezo Gordo|lt=Cerro de Cabezo Gordo|es}} – contains the Sima de las Palomas archaeological site, a cave where the second oldest human remains in the Iberian Peninsula were found.
• {{ill|Sierra de la Muela, Cabo Tiñoso y Roldán|es}} – coastal mountains in the south of the region and in Cartagena municipality.WEB, OISMA – Sierra de la Muela-Cabo Tiñoso y Roldán,weblink es, 2020-05-04,
• A group of islands and islets on the Murcian Mediterranean that are of ecological importance.
• {{ill|Espacios abiertos e islas del Mar Menor|es}} – including five volcanic islands in the Mar Menor.
• {{ill|Sierra de las Moreras|es}} – is a mountain range that occupies part of Mazarrón municipality in the south of the region. It is a Site of Community Importance.WEB, OISMA – LIC ES6200011 Sierra de las Moreras – Visor Contenidos,weblink es, 2020-05-03,
• {{ill|Sotos y Bosque de la ribera de Cañaverosa|es}}
• {{ill|Sierra de Salinas (Murcia)|lt=Sierra de Salinas|es|Sierra de Salinas}}
• {{ill|Barrancos de Gebas|es}}
• {{ill|Saladares del Guadalentín|es}}
• {{ill|Cuatro Calas|es}}

The interior of the region, near the historical towns of Caravaca de la Cruz and Moratalla, offers a number of rural accommodations and facilities, including cottages, farmhouses, country houses, and campsites. Visitors can engage in sports, day trips, and sightseeing excursions.

Notable people

• Ibn Arabi (1165–1240) – thinker and poet.WEB, Ibn Arabí – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-16,
• Francisco Salzillo (1707–1785) – carver of religious imagery.WEB, Francisco Salzillo- Biografía – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-16,
• Isaac Peral
• Juan de la Cierva, 1st Count of la Cierva
• Antonio Oliver (1903–1968) – writerWEB, Antonio Oliver – Biografía – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink 24 May 2020, es,
• Ana Carrasco (born 1997) – motorcycle racerWEB, Ana Carrasco, more than a pretty face,weblink 2022-11-24, Marca,
• Carmen Conde (1907–1996) – writer and poet.WEB, Carmen Conde – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-17,
• Bárbara Rey – actress born in 1950.
• Arturo Pérez-Reverte – writer born in Cartagena in 1951.WEB, Arturo Pérez-Reverte-Biografía – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-16,
• Ginés García Millán – theatre, cinema, and television actor.WEB, Ginés García Milán,weblink es, 2020-05-17,
• Carlos Santos – actor.
• Nicolás Almagro – former tennis player born in 1985.WEB, Nicolás Almagro – Región de Murcia Digital,weblink es, 2020-05-17,
• Blas Cantó – a singer born in 1991.WEB, ¿Quién es Blas Cantó, nuestro representante de Eurovisión 2020?,weblink es, 2020-06-04,
• Francisco Rabal (1926–2001) – an actor, director, and screenwriter.
• Dennis Waterman (1948–2022) actor and singer, lived in La Manga from 2015 to 2022.
• Carlos Alcaraz – tennis player (born 2003)

See also

• List of municipalities in Murcia

Footnotes

{{notelist}}

Notes and references

{{Reflist|2}}

Further reading

• BOOK, Alexandre de Laborde, Itinéraire descriptif de l'Espagne, 1809, 2nd, H. Nicolle, Paris, fr, 2, Royaume de Murcie, 2027/nyp.33433070305317?urlappend=%3Bseq=164, HathiTrust,

External links

{{commons|Región de Murcia}}{{wikivoyage|Murcia (region)}}

• {{in lang|en}} MURCIAREGION.COM – Independent Site of Murcia, Spain. Thousands of pictures and movies
• "In Spain, Water Is a New Battleground" article by Elisabeth Rosenthal in The New York Times June 3, 2008
• {{in lang|es}} Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia (the Autonomous Community of Murcia)
• {{in lang|es}} Portal de la Región de Murcia Digital (Official Cultural Site of Autonomous Community of Murcia)
• {{in lang|es}} Official Tourism Site of Murcia, Spain
• {{in lang|es}} La Opinión – local newspaper
• {{in lang|es}} La Verdad – local newspaper
• {{in lang|es}} Murcia.com – local newspaper

{{Murcia}}{{Administrative divisions of Spain}}{{Provinces of Spain}}{{Authority control}}