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List of popes
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{{Short description|List of the heads of the Catholic Church}}{{about|the Catholic Church|popes of the Coptic Orthodox Church|List of Coptic Orthodox popes|popes of the Legio Maria|List of Legio Maria popes|Palmarian popes|Palmarian Catholic Church#Palmarian popes|a graphical representation of this list|List of popes (graphical)}}{{Use Oxford spelling|date=March 2024}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}File:Tafel paepste.jpg|thumb|Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's BasilicaSt. Peter's BasilicaThis chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.Annuario Pontificio (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 {{ISBN|978-88-209-8722-0}}), p. 12 The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.WEB,weblink Corrections Made to Official List of Popes, 21 October 2008, ZENIT, 5 June 2001,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090119001522weblink">weblink 19 January 2009, The term pope () is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.WEB,weblink Papal Primacy of honour: titles and insignia, Newadvent.org, 1 June 1911, 23 February 2013, 31 May 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20180531055429weblink">weblink live, Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes.A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{anchor|Chronological list of popes}} Chronological list of popes
1st millennium
1st century
{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 1st century}}{{pope list item| 1| 30–33 / 64–68| 80px) | St Saint Peter>Peter{{small|PETRVS}}| Shimon Bar Yonah | Bethsaida, Judaea (Roman province)>Judaea, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Bethsaida|No longer inhabited; located in the present-day Golan Heights.}}| 29–32 / 62–67 | Judaea. A Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Apostles in the New Testament | of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition he received the keys of the Kingdom of God>Kingdom of Heaven (Gospel of Matthew | {{bibleref2-nb>Matthew | Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June. The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ, and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.FAHLBUSCH | DISPLAY-EDITORS=ETAL | TRANSLATOR-FIRST = GEOFFREY WILLIAM | TRANS-TITLE=THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHRISTIANITY | ACCESS-DATE=7 SEPTEMBER 2011 | YEAR=2005 | ISBN=978-0-8028-2416-5 | CHAPTER=POPE, PAPACY,weblink St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.}}{{pope list item| 2| 64–68 / 76–79 | 80px) | St Pope Linus>Linus{{small|LINVS}}| Linus | Volterrae, Roman Italy>Italia, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Volterra|Now Volterra, Italy.}}| 54–58 / 66–69 | Roman citizen born in Roman Italy>Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans.{{refn | name=Italia | Social War (91–87 BC)>Social War in 87 BC.}}Against Heresies 3:3.3 Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy {{bibleref2-nb | 4:21}}).KIRSCH >FIRST=JOHANN PETER | CHAPTER-URL=HTTP://WWW.NEWADVENT.ORG/CATHEN/09272B.HTM | CHAPTER=POPE ST. LINUS | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA >VOLUME=9 | PUBLISHER=ROBERT APPLETON COMPANY | ARCHIVE-DATE=9 MAY 2012 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, }}{{pope list item| 3| 76–79 / 88–91 | 80px) | St Pope Anacletus>Anacletus(Cletus){{small|ANACLETVS (CLETVS)}}| Anacletus | Athens>Athenae, Achaea (Roman province) | , Roman Empire{{refn>group=birth | Now Athens, Greece.}}| 51–54 / 63–66 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.The fourth pope {{Webarchive | weblink >date=8 May 2012 }} Discussed in the article on Clement I}}{{pope list item| 4 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 99 | 23}})}} | 80px) | St Clement of Rome>Clement I{{small|CLEMENS}}| Clemens | History of Rome#Ancient Rome>Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Rome|Now Rome, Italy.}}| 53 / 64 (†66) | Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliest Apostolic Fathers>Apostolic Father, issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Epistle to the Philippians {{bibleref2-nb | 4:3}}).CROSS, FRANK LESLIE; LIVINGSTONE, ELIZABETH A. >TITLE=THE OXFORD DICTIONARY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. | YEAR=2005 | ISBN=978-0-19-280290-3 | ACCESS-DATE=21 OCTOBER 2022 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231125134433/HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=FUQCAQAAQBAJ&PG=PA363#V=ONEPAGE&Q&F=FALSE, live, He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown in the sea.}}{{pope list item| 5 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 105 | 27}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Evaristus>Evaristus{{small|EVARISTVS}}| Evaristus | Bethlehem, Roman Judea>Iudaea, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Bethlehem | State of Palestine>Palestine.}}| 69 / 75 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.}}{{pope list end}}2nd century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 2nd century}}{{pope list item| 6 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 115 | 3}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Alexander I>Alexander I{{small|ALEXANDER}}| Alexander | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 30 / 40| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.}}{{pope list item| 7 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 125 | 3}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Sixtus I>Sixtus I{{small|SYXTVS}}| Sixtus | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 73 / 83 | Roman Italy>Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.}}{{pope list item| 8 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 136 | 5}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Telesphorus>Telesphorus{{small|TELESPHORVS}}| Telesphorus | Terranova da Sibari>Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire| 58 / 69 | Roman Italy>Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if it was a ''Peregrinus (Roman) | '' (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father Irenaeus>St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter.}}{{pope list item| 9 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 140 | 11}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Hyginus>Hyginus{{small|HYGINVS}}| Hyginus | group=birth|name=Athens}}| 58 / 62 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.}}{{pope list item| 10 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 155 | 11}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Pius I>Pius I{{small|PIVS}}| Pius | Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn>group=birth | Now Aquileia, Italy.}}| 59 / 74 | Roman citizen, born in Roman Italy>Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Was brother of Hermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.}}{{pope list item| 11 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 166 | 20}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Anicetus>Anicetus{{small|ANICETVS}}| Anicetus | Homs>Emesa, Roman Syria | , Roman Empire{{refn>group=birth | Now Homs, Syria.}}| 63 / 74 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.}}{{pope list item| 12 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 174 | 22}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Soter>Soter{{small|SOTERIVS}}| Soterius | Fondi>Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Aquileia}}| 46 / 55 | Roman citizen, born in Roman Italy>Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.}}{{pope list item| 13 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 189 | 26}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Eleutherius>Eleutherius{{small|ELEVTHERIVS}}| Eleutherius | Nicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire{{refn>group=birth | Nicopolis is now a Roman ruin near the city of Preveza, Greece.}}| 45 / 59 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.}}{{pope list item| 14 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 199 | 28}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Victor I>Victor I{{small|VICTOR}}| Victor | Africa (Roman province)>Africa, Roman Empire{{refn | It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although someFISHER >FIRST1=MAX | URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/WORLDVIEWS/WP/2013/03/13/SORRY-JORGE-MARIO-BERGOGLIO-IS-NOT-THE-FIRST-NON-EUROPEAN-POPE/ | NEWSPAPER=THE WASHINGTON POST | ARCHIVE-DATE=8 MAY 2021 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, now a part of Libya.}}| 34 / 44 | Peregrinus (Roman)>peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.}}{{pope list item| 15 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 217 | 20}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Zephyrinus>Zephyrinus{{small|ZEPHYRINVS}}| Zephyrinus | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 39 / 57| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 200 | 1}})}}| | Antipope Natalius>Natalius{{small|NATALIVS}}| Natalius | Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn | |name=Rome}} | — | Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.{{pope list end}}3rd century{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 3rd century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 16 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 222 | 14}})}} | St Pope Callixtus I>Callixtus I{{small|CALLIXTVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 62 / 67|Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 235 | 1}})}} | St Hippolytus of Rome>Hippolytus{{small|HIPPOLYTVS}} | c. 170 Asia Minor, Roman Empire | 47 / 65 | Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).{{pope list item portraitless| 17 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 230 | 23}})}} | St Pope Urban I>Urban I{{small|VRBANVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 47 / 55|Roman citizen. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 18 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 235 | 28}})}} | St Pope Pontian>Pontian{{small|PONTIANVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 55 / 60 | Roman citizen. First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.MCBRIEN | TITLE=THE POCKET GUIDE TO THE POPES | ACCESS-DATE=6 MARCH 2012 | PUBLISHER=HARPERCOLLINS | PAGES=30–31 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240310123008/HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=LD59JFAKEISC&PG=PA30#V=ONEPAGE&Q&F=FALSE | PAGES=FROM THEOSODR MOMMSEN, MGH CHRONICA MINORA I (1892), PP. 73–76 | ARCHIVE-DATE= 6 OCTOBER 2018 | URL-STATUS= LIVE, }}{{pope list item portraitless| 19 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 236 | 3}})}} | St Pope Anterus>Anterus{{small|ANTERVS}}| c. 180 Petelia, Italy, Roman Empire| 55 / 56| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 20 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 250 | 20}})}} | St Pope Fabian>Fabian{{small|FABIANVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 36 / 50| Roman citizen. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 21 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 253 | 25}})}} | St Pope Cornelius>Cornelius{{small|CORNELIVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 71 / 73| Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 258 | 1}})}} | Novatian{{small>NOVATIANVS}} | c. 200–20 Rome, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn | name=Rome}} | 31–51 / 38–58 | Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Pope Cornelius | , Lucius I, Pope Stephen I>Stephen I and Sixtus II.{{pope list item portraitless| 22 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 254 | 5}})}} | St Pope Lucius I>Lucius I{{small|LUCIVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 48 / 49| Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 23 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 257 | 2}})}} | St Pope Stephen I>Stephen I{{small|STEPHANVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 54 / 57| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 24 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 258 | 6}})}} | St Pope Sixtus II>Sixtus II{{small|SYXTVS Secundus}} | group=birth|name=Athens}}| 42 / 43| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 25 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 268 | 26}})}} | St Pope Dionysius>Dionysius{{small|DIONYSIVS}}| c. 200 Terra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire| 59 / 68| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 26 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 274 | 30}})}} | St Pope Felix I>Felix I{{small|FELIX}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 63 / 68| Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 27 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 283 | 7}})}} | St Pope Eutychian>Eutychian{{small|EVTYCHIANVS}} | Luni, Italy>Luna, Italy, Roman Empire (Now Luni, Italy)| 35 / 43| Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 28 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 296 | 22}})}} | St Pope Caius>Caius{{small|CAIVS}}| c. 245 Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire| 38 / 51| Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 29 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 304 | 26}})}} | St Pope Marcellinus>Marcellinus{{small|MARCELLINVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 46 / 54| Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.}}{{pope list end}}4th century{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 4th century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 30 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 309 | 16}})}} | St Pope Marcellus I>Marcellus I{{small|MARCELLVS}} | group=birth|name=Rome}}| 53 / 54| Roman citizen. Feast day 16 January. Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).}}{{pope list item portraitless| 31 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 310 | 17}})}} | St Pope Eusebius>Eusebius{{small|EVSEBIVS}}| c. 255 Sardinia, Roman Empire| 54 / 54 (†55)| Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 17 August. Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 32 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 314 | 10}})}} | St Pope Miltiades>Miltiades(Melchiades){{small|MILTIADES}}| c. 270 Africa, Roman Empire| 41 / 44 | Roman citizen of Berbers>Berber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 33 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 335 | 31}})}} | St Pope Sylvester I>Sylvester I{{small|SILVESTER}} | Sant'Angelo a Scala>Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire| 29 / 50| Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the First Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him was built: the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 34 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 336 | 7}})}} | St Pope Mark>Mark{{small|MARCVS}}| c. 290 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 46 / 46| Roman citizen. One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 35 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 352 | 12}})}} | St Pope Julius I>Julius I{{small|IVLIVS}}| c. 280 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 57 / 72| Roman citizen. He was involved in the Arian controversy, supporting Athanasius of Alexandria.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 36 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 366 | 24}})}} | Pope Liberius>Liberius{{small|LIBERIVS}}| c. 310 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 42 / 56 | Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.HTTP://OCAFS.OCA.ORG/FEASTSAINTSLIFE.ASP?FSID=102408 | PUBLISHER=OCAFS.OCA.ORG | ARCHIVE-DATE=29 OCTOBER 2012 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, }} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 365 | 22}})}} | Antipope Felix II>Felix II{{small|FELIX Secundus}} | c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | 55 / 65 | Roman citizen. In opposition to Pope Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.{{pope list item portraitless| 37 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 384 | 11}})}} | St Pope Damasus I>Damasus I{{small|DAMASVS}} | Idanha-a-Nova>Egitania, Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 60 / 78| Roman citizen. The first pope from modern-day Portugal. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during the First Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council. Council of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after the Emperor Gratian abdicates the title of "Pontifex Maximus".}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 367 | 16}})}} | Antipope Ursicinus>Ursinus{{small|VRSINVS}} | Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | — | Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.{{pope list item portraitless| 38 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 399 | 26}})}} | St Pope Siricius>Siricius{{small|SIRICIVS}}| c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 50 / 65 | Roman citizen. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius' important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/SAINT-SIRICIUS | ACCESS-DATE=24 JUNE 2015 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160411175106/HTTP://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/SAINT-SIRICIUS, live, }}{{pope list item portraitless| 39 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 401 | 19}})}} | St Pope Anastasius I>Anastasius I{{small|ANASTASIVS}}| c. 340 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 59 / 61| Roman citizen. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.}}{{pope list end}}5th century{{pope list begin portraitless|title=Popes of the 5th century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 40 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 417 | 12}})}} | St Pope Innocent I>Innocent I{{small|INNOCENTIVS}} | Albano Laziale>Albanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire| 41 / 57| Roman citizen. Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric I.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 41 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 418 | 26}})}} | St Pope Zosimus>Zosimus{{small|ZOSIMVS}} | Mesoraca>Messurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire| 47 / 48| Roman citizen of Greek descent.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 419 | 3}})}} | Antipope Eulalius>Eulalius{{small|EVLALIVS}} | 350–80 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire | 38–68 / 39–69 (†42–72) | Roman citizen. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.{{pope list item portraitless| 42 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 422 | 4}})}} | St Pope Boniface I>Boniface I{{small|BONIFACIVS}}| c. 377 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 43 / 47| Roman citizen.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 43 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 432 | 27}})}} | St Pope Celestine I>Celestine I{{small|CAELESTINVS}}| c. 380 Campania, Roman Empire| 42 / 52| Roman citizen. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 44 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 440 | 18}})}} | St Pope Sixtus III>Sixtus III{{small|SYXTVS Tertius}}| c. 390 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire| 42 / 50| Roman citizen.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 45 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 461 | 10}})}} | St Pope Leo I>Leo I(Leo the Great){{small|LEO MAGNVS}}| c. 390 Etruria, Italia, Roman Empire| 50 / 71 | Roman citizen. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome of Leo>Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon (451) and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 46 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 468 | 29}})}} | St Pope Hilarius>Hilary{{small|HILARIVS}}| c. 400 Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 46 / 53| Roman citizen.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 47 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 483 | 10}})}} | St Pope Simplicius>Simplicius{{small|SIMPLICIVS}} | Tivoli, Lazio>Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 38 / 53 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Odoacer#Duke of Italy>Kingdom of Italy. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 48 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 492 | 1}})}} | St Pope Felix III>Felix III{{small|FELIX Tertius}}| c. 440 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 43 / 52 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Odoacer#Duke of Italy>Kingdom of Italy. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 49 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 496 | 21}})}} | St Pope Gelasius I>Gelasius I{{small|GELASIVS}} | Kabylie>Mons Ferratus, Quinquegentiani, Africa, Western Roman Empire| 82 / 86 | Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; the last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".HTTP://WWW.FAITHFIRST.COM/HTML/POPEJOHN/TIMELINE/TIMELINE.HTML >TITLE=PAPAL TIMELINE | ACCESS-DATE=3 AUGUST 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20140720180546/HTTP://WWW.FAITHFIRST.COM/HTML/POPEJOHN/TIMELINE/TIMELINE.HTML, 20 July 2014, }}{{pope list item portraitless| 50 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 498 | 19}})}} | Pope Anastasius II>Anastasius II{{small|ANASTASIVS Secundus}}| c. 445 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 51 / 53 | Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 51 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 514 | 19}})}} | St Pope Symmachus>Symmachus{{small|SYMMACHVS}}| c. 460 Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 38 / 54 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 506 | 1}})}} | Antipope Laurentius>Laurence{{small|LAVRENTIVS}} | c. 460 Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire | 38 / 46 (†48) | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom | . In opposition to Pope Symmachus>Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.{{pope list end}}6th century{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 6th century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 52 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 523 | 6}})}} | St Pope Hormisdas>Hormisdas{{small|HORMISDAS}} | Frosinone>Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 64 / 73 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 53 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 526 | 18}})}} | St Pope John I>John I{{small|IOANNES}} | Siena>Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire| 53 / 56 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 54 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 530 | 22}})}} | St Pope Felix IV>Felix IV{{small|FELIX Quartus}}| c. 490 Samnium, Kingdom of Odoacer| 36 / 40 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 55 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 532 | 17}})}} | Pope Boniface II>Boniface II{{small|BONIFACIVS Secundus}}| c. 490 Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer| 40 / 42 | Ostrogoths>Ostrogoth; Subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom | . First Germanic peoples>Germanic pope. Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from the Era of the Martyrs to Anno Domini.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 530 | 14}})}} | Antipope Dioscorus>Dioscore{{small|DIOSCORVS}} | Alexandria, Egypt | , Byzantine Empire>Eastern Roman Empire | — | (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, he died less than a month after his election.{{pope list item portraitless| 56 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 535 | 8}})}} | Pope John II>John II{{small|IOANNES Secundus}}| c. 473 Rome, Western Roman Empire| 63 / 65 | Roman citizen, later a subject of the Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name, as it was associated with a Roman god, Mercury.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 57 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 536 | 22}})}} | St Pope Agapetus I>Agapetus I{{small|AGAPETVS}}| c. 490 Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer| 45 / 46 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 58 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 537 | 11}})}} | St Pope Silverius>Silverius{{small|SILVERIVS}} | Ceccano>Cicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom| 56 / 57 | Odoacer#Duke of Italy>Kingdom of Italy under Odoacer and later under Ostrogothic Kingdom | . Was of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas>Hormisdas.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 59 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 555 | 7}})}} | Pope Vigilius>Vigilius{{small|VIGILIVS}}| c. 500 Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer| 37 / 55 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 60 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 561 | 4}})}} | Pope Pelagius I>Pelagius I{{small|PELAGIVS}}| c. 505 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom| 51 / 56 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a Eastern Roman Empire | . Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli, Rome>Santi Apostoli.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 61 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 574 | 13}})}} | Pope John III>John III{{small|IOANNES Tertius}}| c. 520 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom| 41 / 54 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second Pope not to use his personal name.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 62 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 579 | 30}})}} | Pope Benedict I>Benedict I{{small|BENEDICTVS}}| c. 525 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom| 50 / 54 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 63 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 590 | 7}})}} | Pope Pelagius II>Pelagius II{{small|PELAGIVS Secundus}}| c. 520 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom| 59 / 70 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 64 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 604 | 12}})}} | St Pope Gregory I>Gregory I(Gregory the Great){{small|GREGORIVS MAGNVS}}| c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire| 50 / 64 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.}}{{pope list end}}7th century{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 7th century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 65 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 606 | 22}})}} | Pope Sabinian>Sabinian{{small|SABINIANVS}}| c. 530 Blera, Eastern Roman Empire| 74 / 76 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the Byzantine Empire.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 66 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 607 | 12}})}} | Pope Boniface III>Boniface III{{small|BONIFACIVS Tertius}} | 67 / 67 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 67 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 615 | 8}})}} | St Pope Boniface IV>Boniface IV{{small|BONIFACIVS Quartus}} | Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire> 58 / 65 | Ostrogothic Kingdom>(Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 68 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 618 | 8}})}} | St Pope Adeodatus I>Adeodatus I{{small|ADEODATVS or DEVSDEDIT}}| c. 570 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire| 55 / 58 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Deusdedit. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called papal bulls.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 69 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 625 | 25}})}} | Pope Boniface V>Boniface V{{small|BONIFACIVS Quintus}} | Naples>Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire| 44 / 50 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 70 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 638 | 12}})}} | Pope Honorius I>Honorius I{{small|HONORIVS}} | Ceprano>Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire| 40 / 53 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)}}{{pope list item portraitless| 71 | ({{Age in years and days | 05 | 640 | 02}})}} | Pope Severinus>Severinus{{small|SEVERINVS}}| c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire| 55 / 55 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 72 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 642 | 12}})}} | Pope John IV>John IV{{small|IOANNES Quartus}} | Zadar>Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire| 40 / 42 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 73 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 649 | 14}})}} | Pope Theodore I>Theodore I{{small|THEODORVS}} | Jerusalem>Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire| 32 / 39 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 74 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 655 | 12}})}} | St Pope Martin I>Martin I{{small|MARTINVS}} | Todi>Tuder, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire| 59 / 65 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 75 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 657 | 2}})}} | St Pope Eugene I>Eugene I{{small|EVGENIVS}}| c. 615 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 39 / 42 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 76 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 672 | 27}})}} | St Pope Vitalian>Vitalian{{small|VITALIANVS}} | Segni>Signia, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 57 / 72 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 77 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 676 | 17}})}} | Pope Adeodatus II>Adeodatus II{{small|ADEODATVS Secundus}}| c. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 51 / 55 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to Adeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 78 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 678 | 11}})}} | Pope Donus>Donus{{small|DONVS}}| c. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 66 / 68 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 79 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 681 | 10}})}} | St Pope Agatho>Agatho{{small|AGATHO}} | Palermo>Panormus, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire| 101 / 104 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the Third Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 80 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 683 | 3}})}} | St Pope Leo II>Leo II{{small|LEO Secundus}} | Aidone>Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire| 71 / 72 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 81 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 685 | 8}})}} | St Pope Benedict II>Benedict II{{small|BENEDICTVS Secundus}}| c. 635 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 49 / 50 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 82 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 686 | 2}})}} | Pope John V>John V{{small|IOANNES Quintus}}| c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire| 50 / 51 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 83 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 687 | 21}})}} | Pope Conon>Conon{{small|CONON}} | Thrace>Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire| 56 / 57 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 84 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 701 | 8}})}} | St Pope Sergius I>Sergius I{{small|SERGIVS}}| c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire| 37 / 51 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.}}{{pope list end}}8th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 8th century}}{{pope list item| 85 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 705 | 11}})}}| | Pope John VI>John VI{{small|IOANNES Sextus}}| Ioannes| c. 650 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire| 46 / 50 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.}}{{pope list item| 86 | ({{Age in years and days | 03 | 707 | 18}})}} | 80px) | Pope John VII>John VII{{small|IOANNES Septimus}}| Ioannes | Rossano>Rossanum, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire| 55 / 57 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.}}{{pope list item| 87 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 708 | 4}})}}| | Pope Sisinnius>Sisinnius{{small|SISINNIVS}}| Sisinnius| c. 650 Syria, Rashidun Caliphate| 58 / 58| Born as subject of the Rashidun Caliphate. Was Syrian.}}{{pope list item| 88 | ({{Age in years and days | 03 | 715 | 09}})}}| | Pope Constantine>Constantine{{small|CONSTANTINVS}}| Constantinus| c. 664 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate| 44 / 51| Born as subject of the Umayyad Caliphate. Was Syrian. Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.}}{{pope list item| 89 | ({{Age in years and days | 05 | 731 | 11}})}}| | St Pope Gregory II>Gregory II{{small|GREGORIVS Secundus}}| Gregorius| c. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome(Eastern Roman Empire)| 46 / 62 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).}}{{pope list item| 90 | ({{Age in years and days | 03 | 741 | 28}})}} | 178-7866 IMG – Gregorius III AV | '''St Pope Gregory III | {{small>GREGORIVS''' Tertius}}| Gregorius| c. 669 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate| 41 / 51 | Umayyad Caliphate; the last pope from Syria. The third pope to come from a Muslim country. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Pope Francis>Francis in 2013.}}{{pope list item| 91 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 752 | 22}})}}|(File:Età di papa Zaccaria, cappella del primicerius Teodoro, Madonna in trono con Theodoto e la moglie, 741-752 (09).jpg|80px) | St Pope Zachary>Zachary{{small|ZACHARIAS}}| Zacharias | Santa Severina>Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire| 62 / 73 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 752 | 25}})}}{{small|(Never took office as pope)}}| | Pope-elect Stephen>Stephen{{small|STEPHANUS}}| Stephanus | c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire | 52 / 52 | (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.{{pope list item| 92 | ({{Age in years and days | 03 | 757 | 26}})}}| | Pope Stephen II>Stephen II{{small|STEPHANVS Secundus}}| Stephanus| c. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 38 / 43 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.}}{{pope list item| 93 | ({{Age in years and days | 05 | 767 | 28}})}}| | St Pope Paul I>Paul I{{small|PAVLVS}}| Paulus| c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 57 / 67 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Brother of Stephen II.}}{{pope list item| 94 | ({{Age in years and days | 08 | 772 | 24}})}}| | Pope Stephen III>Stephen III{{small|STEPHANVS Tertius}}| Stephanus | Theme of Sicily>Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire| 45 / 49 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen (was of Greek ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the Lateran Council (769).}}{{pope list item| 95 | ({{Age in years and days | 02 | 795 | 26}})}}| | Pope Adrian I>Adrian I{{small|HADRIANVS}}| Hadrianus| c. 700–12 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 72–60 / 95–83 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Pope during the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.}}{{pope list item| 96 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 816 | 12}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Leo III>Leo III{{small|LEO Tertius}}| Leo| c. 750 Rome, Duchy of Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire| 45 / 66 | Eastern Roman Empire>(Eastern) Roman citizen (was of Roman ethnicity), later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Crowned Charlemagne emperor on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the Holy Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its ruler's legitimacy.}}{{pope list end}}9th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 9th century}}{{pope list item| 97 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 817 | 24}})}}| | Pope Stephen IV>Stephen IV{{small|STEPHANVS Quartus}} | c. 770 Rome, Papal States| 46 / 47| First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.}}{{pope list item| 98 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 824 | 11}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Paschal I>Paschal I{{small|PASCHALIS}} | c. 775 Rome, Papal States| 42 / 49| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.}}{{pope list item| 99 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 827 | 27}})}}| | Pope Eugene II>Eugene II{{small|EVGENIVS Secundus}} | c. 780 Rome, Papal States| 44 / 47| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 100 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 827 | 10}})}}| | Pope Valentine>Valentine{{small|VALENTINVS}} | c. 780 Rome, Papal States| 47 / 47| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 101 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 844 | 25}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory IV>Gregory IV{{small|GREGORIVS Quartus}} | c. 790 Rome, Papal States| 37 / 54 | Papal States. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Pope Gregory I>Gregory I.}}{{pope list item| 102 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 847 | 27}})}}| | Pope Sergius II>Sergius II{{small|SERGIVS Secundus}} | c. 790 Rome, Papal States| 54 / 57| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 103 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 855 | 17}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Leo IV>Leo IV{{small|LEO Quartus}} | c. 790 Rome, Papal States| 57 / 65| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item| 104 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 858 | 17}})}}| | Pope Benedict III>Benedict III{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius}} | c. 810 Rome, Papal States| 45 / 48| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 105 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 867 | 13}})}}| | St Pope Nicholas I>Nicholas I(Nicholas the Great){{small|NICOLAVS MAGNVS}} | c. 800 Rome, Papal States| 39 / 48| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Encouraged missionary activity.}}{{pope list item| 106 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 872 | 14}})}}| | Pope Adrian II>Adrian II{{small|HADRIANVS Secundus}} | c. 792 Rome, Papal States| 75 / 80 | Papal States. Pope during the Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)>Council of Constantinople IV (869), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.}}{{pope list item| 107 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 882 | 16}})}}| | Pope John VIII>John VIII{{small|IOANNES Octavus}} | c. 820 Rome, Papal States| 52 / 62| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to be assassinated.}}{{pope list item| 108 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 884 | 15}})}}| | Pope Marinus I>Marinus I{{small|MARINVS}}| Marinus| c. 830 Gallese, Papal States| 52 / 54| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.}}{{pope list item| 109 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 885 | 15}})}}| | St Pope Adrian III>Adrian III{{small|HADRIANVS Tertius}} | c. 830 Rome, Papal States| 49 / 50| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.}}{{pope list item| 110 | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 891 | 4}})}}| | Pope Stephen V>Stephen V{{small|STEPHANVS Quintus}} | c. 840 Rome, Papal States| 45 / 51| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.}}{{pope list item| 111 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 896 | 4}})}}| | Pope Formosus>Formosus{{small|FORMOSVS}} | c. 805–16 Ostia, Papal States| 75–85 / 80–91 | Papal States. In early 897 Posthumous execution>posthumously executed following the Cadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in 897.}}{{pope list item| 112 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 896 | 26}})}}| | Pope Boniface VI>Boniface VI{{small|BONIFATIVS Sextus}} | c. 806 Rome, Papal States| 90 / 90| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 113 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 897 | 14}})}}| | Pope Stephen VI>Stephen VI{{small|STEPHANVS}} | c. 850 Rome, Papal States| 46 / 47| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.}}{{pope list item| 114 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 897 | 1}})}}| | Pope Romanus>Romanus{{small|ROMANVS}} | c. 850 Gallese, Papal States| 47 / 47| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 115 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 897 | 20}})}}| | Pope Theodore II>Theodore II{{small|THEODORVS Secundus}} | c. 840 Rome, Papal States| 57 / 57| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States, of Greek ethnicity.}}{{pope list item| 116 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 900 | 5}})}}| | Pope John IX>John IX{{small|IOANNES Nonus}} | c. 840 Tivoli, Papal States| 58 / 60| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States, of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item| 117 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 903 | 30}})}}| | Pope Benedict IV>Benedict IV{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus}} | c. 840 Rome, Papal States| 60 / 63| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list end}}10th century{{pope list begin portraitless |title=Popes of the 10th century}}{{pope list item portraitless| 118 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 903 | 1}})}} | Pope Leo V>Leo V{{small|LEO Quintus}} | Ardea (RM)>Ardea, Papal States| 58 / 58 (†59)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed and murdered.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 904 | 1}})}} | Antipope Christopher>Christopher{{small|CHRISTOFORO}} | Rome, Papal States | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.{{pope list item portraitless| 119 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 911 | 14}})}} | Pope Sergius III>Sergius III{{small|SERGIVS Tertius}}| c. 860 Rome, Papal States| 44 / 51| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. "Saeculum obscurum" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 120 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 913 | 1}})}} | Pope Anastasius III>Anastasius III{{small|ANASTASIVS Tertius}}| c. 865 Rome, Papal States| 46 / 48| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 121 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 914 | 5}})}} | Pope Lando>Lando{{small|LANDO}} | Sabina (region)>Sabina, Papal States| 48 / 49| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 122 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 928 | 28}})}} | Pope John X>John X{{small|IOANNES Decimus}} | Borgo Tossignano>Tossignano, Papal States| 54 / 68| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 123 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 928 | 1}})}} | Pope Leo VI>Leo VI{{small|LEO Sextus}}| c. 880 Rome, Papal States| 48 / 48| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 124 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 931 | 13}})}} | Pope Stephen VII>Stephen VII{{small|STEPHANVS Septimus}}| c. 880 Rome, Papal States| 49 / 51| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 125 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 935 | 1}})}} | Pope John XI>John XI{{small|IOANNES Undecimus}}| c. 910 Rome, Papal States| 21 / 25| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 126 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 939 | 13}})}} | Pope Leo VII>Leo VII{{small|LEO Septimus}}| c. 885 Rome, Papal States| 41 / 44| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 127 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 942 | 30}})}} | Pope Stephen VIII>Stephen VIII{{small|STEPHANVS Octavus}}| c. 900 Rome, Papal States| 39 / 42| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 128 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 946 | 1}})}} | Pope Marinus II>Marinus II{{small|MARINVS Secundus}}| c. 900 Rome, Papal States| 42 / 46| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 129 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 955 | 8}})}} | Pope Agapetus II>Agapetus II{{small|AGAPETVS Secundus}}| c. 905 Rome, Papal States| 41 / 50| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 130 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 964 | 6}})}} | Pope John XII>John XII{{small|IOANNES Duodecimus}}| c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States| 18–25 / 26–33| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Octavian). Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum".}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 964 | 26}})}} | Pope Leo VIII>Leo VIII{{small|LEO Octavus}} | c. 915 Rome, Papal States | 48 / 49 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to Pope John XII | and Pope Benedict V>Benedict V. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church.{{pope list item portraitless| 130 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 964 | 14}})}} | Pope John XII>John XII{{small|IOANNES Duodecimus}}| c. 937 Rome, Papal States| 27-34 / 27-34| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Possibly murdered in 964.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 131 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 964 | 23}})}} | Pope Benedict V>Benedict V{{small|BENEDICTVS Quintus}}| c. 915 Rome, Papal States| 49 / 49 (†50) | Papal States. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to Pope Leo VIII>Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 132 | ({{Age in years and days | 6 | 965 | 1}})}} | Pope Leo VIII>Leo VIII{{small|LEO Octavus}}| c. 915 Rome, Papal States| 49 / 50| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. An appointee of Emperor Otto I, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 133 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 972 | 6}})}} | Pope John XIII>John XIII{{small|IOANNES Tertius Decimus}}| c. 930 Rome, Papal States| 35 / 42| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".}}{{pope list item portraitless| 134 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 974 | 8}})}} | Pope Benedict VI>Benedict VI{{small|BENEDICTVS Sextus}}| c. 925 Rome, Papal States| 48 / 49| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 974 | 31}})}} | Antipope Boniface VII>Boniface VII{{small|BONFATIUS Septinus}} | Rome, Papal States | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Pope Benedict VI | and Pope Benedict VII>Benedict VII.{{Pope list item portraitless| 135 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 983 | 10}})}} | Pope Benedict VII>Benedict VII{{small|BENEDICTVS Septimus}}| c. 930 Rome, Papal States| 44 / 53| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 136 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 984 | 20}})}} | Pope John XIV>John XIV{{small|IOANNES Quartus Decimus}} | Pavia, Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)>Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire| 43 / 44| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 08 | 985 | 20}})}} | Antipope Boniface VII>Boniface VII{{small|BONFATIUS Septinus}} | Rome, Papal States | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Pope John XIV | and Pope John XV>John XV{{pope list item portraitless| 137 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 996 | 1}})}} | Pope John XV>John XV{{small|IOANNES Quintus Decimus}}| c. 950 Rome, Papal States| 35 / 46| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.}}{{pope list item portraitless| 138 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 999 | 18}})}} | Pope Gregory V>Gregory V{{small|GREGORIVS Quintus}} | Stainach-Pürgg>Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire| 24 / 27| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Carinthia, the first official German pope and fifth not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 04 | 998 | 01}})}} | Antipope John XVI>John XVI{{small|IOANNES Sextus Decimus}} | c. 941 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire | 55 / 56 (†60) | Born as an Eastern Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V{{pope list item portraitless| 139 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 1003 | 12}})}} | Pope Sylvester II>Sylvester II{{small|SILVESTER Secundus}} | Saint-Simon, Cantal>Belliac, France| 52–54 / 56–58 | Kingdom of France, who was the first French (Occitania>Occitan) pope.}}{{pope list end}}2nd millennium11th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 11th century}}{{pope list item| 140 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 1003 | 6}})}}| | Pope John XVII>John XVII{{small|IOANNES Septimus Decimus}}| Siccone Secchi| c. 955 Rome, Papal States| 48 / 48| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 141 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 1009 | 18}})}}| | Pope John XVIII>John XVIII{{small|IOANNES Duodevicesimus}}| Giovanni Fasano| c. 965 Rapagnano,Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 43 / 49| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.}}{{pope list item| 142 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 1012 | 12}})}}| | Pope Sergius IV>Sergius IV{{small|SERGIVS Quartus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| c. 970 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 39 / 42| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 06 | 1012 | 31}})}}| | Antipope Gregory VI>Gregory VI{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus}}| Gregorio | Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII{{pope list item| 143 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 1024 | 9}})}}| | Pope Benedict VIII>Benedict VIII{{small|BENEDICTVS Octavus}}| Teofilatto di Tuscolo| c. 980 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 32 / 44| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 144 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 1032 | 6}})}}| | Pope John XIX>John XIX{{small|IOANNES Undevicesimus}}| Romano di Tuscolo| c. 975 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 49 / 57| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of Benedict VIII.}}{{pope list item| 145 | ({{Age in years and days | 10 | 1044 | 31}})}}| | Pope Benedict IX>Benedict IX{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}| Teofilatto di Tuscolo| Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 20 / 32 (†43)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States; first term.}}{{pope list item| 146 | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 1045 | 10}})}}| | Pope Sylvester III>Sylvester III{{small|SILVESTER Tertius}}| Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 45 / 45 (†63)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Validity of election questioned; considered antipope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.}}{{pope list item| 147 | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 1045 | 1}})}}| | Pope Benedict IX>Benedict IX{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}| Teofilatto di Tuscolo| Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 33 / 33 (†43)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Second term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.}}{{pope list item| 148 | ({{Age in years and days | 5 | 1046 | 20}})}}| | Pope Gregory VI>Gregory VI{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus}} | Pierleoni family>Pierleoni| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 45 / 46 (†48)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.}}{{pope list item| 149 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 1047 | 9}})}}| | Pope Clement II>Clement II{{small|CLEMENS Secundus}}| Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg| c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire| 79 / 80 | Duchy of Saxony. Appointed by Emperor Henry III>King Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as emperor.}}{{pope list item| 150 | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 1048 | 17}})}}| | Pope Benedict IX>Benedict IX{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}| Teofilatto di Tuscolo| 1012 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 35 / 36 (†43)| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.}}{{pope list item| 151 | ({{Age in years and days | 7 | 1048 | 9}})}}| | Pope Damasus II>Damasus II{{small|DAMASVS Secundus}}| Poppo de Curagnoni| c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire| 48 / 48| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Bavaria.}}{{pope list item| 152 | ({{Age in years and days | 2 | 1054 | 19}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Leo IX>Leo IX{{small|LEO Nonus}} | Count of Dagsburg>Egisheim-Dagsburg| 21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire| 47 / 51 | Duchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutual excommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople>Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.DENO JOHN GEANAKOPLOS >TITLE=CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE WEST: ESSAYS ON THE LATE BYZANTINE (PALAEOLOGAN) AND ITALIAN RENAISSANCES AND THE BYZANTINE AND ROMAN CHURCHES | ACCESS-DATE=3 MARCH 2012 | PUBLISHER=UNIV OF WISCONSIN PRESS | PAGES=263– | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240310123001/HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=_6PYWPWWHRUC&PG=PA263#V=ONEPAGE&Q&F=FALSE, live, }}{{pope list item| 153 | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 1057 | 28}})}} | 80px) | Pope Victor II>Victor II{{small|VICTOR Secundus}}| Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg| c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire| 37 / 39| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Swabia.}}{{pope list item| 154 | ({{Age in years and days | 8 | 1058 | 29}})}}| | Pope Stephen IX>Stephen IX{{small|STEPHANVS Nonus (Decimus)}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | Lorraine (duchy)>Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire| 37 / 38 | Lorraine (duchy)>Duchy of Lorraine. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 4 | 1059 | 24}})}}| | Antipope Benedict X>Benedict X{{small|BENEDICTVS Decimus}}| Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo | Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II.{{pope list item| 155 | ({{Age in years and days | 12 | 1061 | 27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Nicholas II>Nicholas II{{small|NICOLAVS Secundus}}| Gerald de Bourgogne | Mercury, Savoie>Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire| 78 / 81| Born as a subject of the County of Savoy, was from French ethnicity. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Papal election, 1061>30 September 1061 – 1072{{small | 1061 | 30 | 4|2}})}}| | Antipope Honorius II>Honorius II{{small|HONORIVS Secundus}}| Pietro Candalus | 1010 Verona, March of Verona, Holy Roman Empire | 61 / 72 | Born as a subject of the March of Verona, was of Italian ethnicity (born after the Placiti Cassinesi was written). In opposition to Pope Alexander II{{pope list item| 156 | Papal election, 1061>30 September 1061 –21 April 1073{{small | 1061 | 30 | 4|21}})}}| | Pope Alexander II>Alexander II{{small|ALEXANDER Secundus}}| Anselmo da Baggio | Baggio (district of Milan)>Baggio, Free Commune of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 46 / 58 | History of Milan#Middle Ages>Free Commune of Milan. Authorized the Norman conquest of England in 1066.}}{{pope list item| 157 | Papal election, 1073>22 April 1073 –25 May 1085{{small | 1073 | 22 | 5|25}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Gregory VII>Gregory VII{{small|GREGORIVS Septimus}} | Aldobrandeschi family>Aldobrandeschi di SoanaO.S.B.| c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 48 / 60| Subject of the March of Tuscany, was from Lombard ethnicity. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 06 | 1100 | 08}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Clement III>Clement III{{small|CLEMENS Tertius}}| Guibert of Ravenna | 1029 Ravenna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 51 / 71 | In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II.{{pope list item| 158 | Papal election, 1086>24 May 1086 –16 September 1087{{small | 1086 | 24 | 9|16}})}} | 80px) | Pope Victor III>Victor III{{small|VICTOR Tertius}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento| 60 / 61| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Benevento, was from Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.}}{{pope list item| 159 | Papal election, 1088>12 March 1088 –29 July 1099{{small | 1088 | 12 | 7|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban II>Urban II{{small|VRBANVS Secundus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France| 46 / 57| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.}}{{pope list item| 160 | Papal election, 1099>13 August 1099 –21 January 1118{{small | 1099 | 13 | 1|21}})}} | 80px) | Pope Paschal II>Paschal II{{small|PASCHALIS Secundus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | Bleda (Santa Sofia)>Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 49 / 68| Born as a subject of the March of Tuscany, was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 09 | 1101 | 01}})}}| | Antipope Theodoric>Theodoric{{small|THEODORICVS}}| Teodorico | c. 1030 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 70 / 71 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Paschal II{{pope list end}}12th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 12th century}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 1 | 1102 | 1}})}}| | Antipope Adalbert>Adalbert{{small|ADALBERTVS}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | — | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Paschal II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 1111 | 11}})}}| | Antipope Sylvester IV>Sylvester IV{{small|SILVESTER Quartus}}| Maguinulf | 1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 49 / 55 (†56) | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II.{{pope list item| 161 | Papal election, 1118>24 January 1118 –29 January 1119{{small | 1118 | 24 | 1|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gelasius II>Gelasius II{{small|GELASIVS Secundus}} | Caetani family>CaetaniO.S.B.| c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta| 57 / 58| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Gaeta.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 1121 | 20}})}}| | Antipope Gregory VIII>Gregory VIII{{small|GREGORIVS Octavus}}| Maurice Baurdain | c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, France | 58 / 61 (†77) | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France, was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Pope Gelasius II | and Pope Callixtus II>Callixtus II.{{pope list item| 162 | Papal election, 1119>2 February 1119 –13 December 1124{{small | 1119 | 2 | 12|13}})}} | 80px) | Pope Callixtus II>Callixtus II{{small|CALLISTVS Secundus}}| Guy| c. 1060 Quingey, County of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empire| 59 / 64 | Born as a subject of the County of Burgundy, was of French ethnicity. Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Papal election, 1124>16 December 1124–16 December 1124{{small | 1124 | 16 | 12|16}})}}| | Teobaldo Boccapecci>Celestine II{{small|COELESTINVS Secundus}}| Teobaldo Boccapecora | 1050 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 74 / 74 (†76) | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II.{{pope list item| 163 | Papal election, 1124>21 December 1124 –13 February 1130{{small | 1124 | 21 | 2|13}})}}| | Pope Honorius II>Honorius II{{small|HONORIVS Secundus}} | Canons Regular>Can.Reg. | Casalfiumanese>Fiagnano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 64 / 70| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.}}{{pope list item| 164 | Papal election, 1130>14 February 1130 –24 September 1143{{small | 1130 | 14 | 9|24}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent II>Innocent II{{small|INNOCENTIVS Secundus}} | Canons Regular>Can.Reg.| c. 1082 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 48 / 61| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon regular of Lateran. Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Papal election, 1130>14 February 1130 –25 January 1138{{small | 1130 | 14 | 1|25}})}}| | Antipope Anacletus II>Anacletus II{{small|ANACLETUS Secundus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | 1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 40 / 48 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 3 | 1138 | 25}})}}| | Antipope Victor IV (1138)>Victor IV{{small|VICTOR Quartus}}| Gregorio Conti | Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | — | Subject and later the claimant of throne the Papal States. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II{{pope list item| 165 | Papal election, 1143>26 September 1143 –8 March 1144{{small | 1143 | 26 | 3|8}})}} | 80px) | Pope Celestine II>Celestine II{{small|COELESTINVS Secundus}}| Guido Guelfuccio de Castello| c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 58 / 59| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 166 | Papal election, 1144>12 March 1144 –15 February 1145{{small | 1144 | 12 | 2|15}})}} | 80px) | Pope Lucius II>Lucius II{{small|LUCIVS Secundus}} | Canons Regular>Can.Reg.| c. 1079 Bologna, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 65 / 66| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.}}{{pope list item| 167 | Papal election, 1145>15 February 1145 –8 July 1153{{small | 1145 | 15 | 7|8}})}} | 80px) | Pope Eugene III>Eugene III{{small|EVGENIVS Tertius}} | Cistercians>O.Cist.HTTP://WWW.FREEREPUBLIC.COM/FOCUS/RELIGION/3309020/REPLIES?C=9 >TITLE=BLESSED EUGENE III | ARCHIVE-DATE=11 JULY 2015 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, | Montemagno, Piedmont>Montemagno, Republic of Pisa, Holy Roman Empire| 44 / 73 | Republic of Pisa. Member of the Cistercians>Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.}}{{pope list item| 168 | Papal election, 1153>12 July 1153 –3 December 1154{{small | 1153 | 12 | 12|3}})}} | 80px) | Pope Anastasius IV>Anastasius IV{{small|ANASTASIVS Quartus}}| Corrado Demitri della Suburra| c. 1073 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 80 / 81| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 169 | Papal election, 1154>4 December 1154 –1 September 1159{{small | 1154 | 4 | 9|1}})}} | 80px) | Pope Adrian IV>Adrian IV{{small|HADRIANVS Quartus}} | Breakspeare>BreakspearCan.Reg.| c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England| 54 / 59 | Kingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II of England>Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery.}}{{pope list item| 170 | Papal election, 1159>7 September 1159 –30 August 1181{{small | 1159 | 7 | 8|30}})}} | 80px) | Pope Alexander III>Alexander III{{small|ALEXANDER Tertius}}| Rolando Bandinelli| c. 1100 Siena, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 59 / 81| Born as a subject of the March of Tuscany. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | Papal election, 1159>7 September 1159 –20 April 1164{{small | 1159 | 7 | 4|20}})}}| | Antipope Victor IV (1159–1164)>Victor IV{{small|VICTOR Quartus}}| Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli | 1095 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 64 / 69 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Pope Alexander III. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 04 | 1168 | 22}})}}| | Antipope Paschal III>Paschal III{{small|PASCALIS Tertius}}| Guido di Crema | 1110 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 54 / 58 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 09 | 1178 | 29}})}}| | Antipope Callixtus III>Callixtus III{{small|CALLIXTVS Tertius}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | 1090 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 78 / 88 | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 09 | 1180 | 31}})}}| | Antipope Innocent III>Innocent III{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius}}| Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo) | 1120 Sezze, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire | 59 / 60 (†63) | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.{{pope list item| 171 | Papal election, 1181>1 September 1181 –25 November 1185{{small | 1181 | 1 | 11|25}})}} | 80px) | Pope Lucius III>Lucius III{{small|LUCIVS Tertius}}| Ubaldo Allucignoli| c. 1097 Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 84 / 88| Born as a subject of the March of Tuscany.}}{{pope list item| 172 | Papal election, 1185>25 November 1185 –20 October 1187{{small | 1185 | 25 | 10|20}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban III>Urban III{{small|VRBANVS Tertius}}| Uberto Crivelli| c. 1120 Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire| 67 / 67| Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan.}}{{pope list item| 173 | Papal election, October 1187>21 October 1187 –17 December 1187{{small | 1187 | 21 | 12|17}})}}| | Pope Gregory VIII>Gregory VIII{{small|GREGORIVS Octavus}} | Canons Regular>Can.Reg.| c. 1100 Benevento, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 87 / 87| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.}}{{pope list item| 174 | Papal election, December 1187>19 December 1187 –20 March 1191For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211{{small | 1187 | 19 | 3|20}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement III>Clement III{{small|CLEMENS Tertius}}| Paolo Scolari| c. 1130 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 57 / 61| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item| 175 | Papal election, 1191>30 March 1191 –8 January 1198{{small | 1191 | 30 | 1|8}})}} | 80px) | Pope Celestine III>Celestine III{{small|COELESTINVS Tertius}} | Orsini family>Orsini| c. 1106 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 85 / 92 | ("Going in Thy path")}} Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Confirmed the statutes of the Teutonic Knights as a military order.}}{{pope list item| 176 | Papal election, 1198>8 January 1198 –16 July 1216{{small | 1198 | 8 | 7|16}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent III>Innocent III{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius}}| Lotario dei Conti di Segni| 1161 Gavignano, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 37 / 55| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities.Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East", History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.}}{{pope list end}}13th century{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 13th century}}{{pope list item| 177 | Papal election, 1216>18 July 1216 –18 March 1227{{small | 1216 | 18 | 03|18}})}} | 80px) | Pope Honorius III>Honorius III{{small|HONORIVSTertius}} | Savelli family>Savelli| c. 1148–50 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 66–68 / 77–79| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.}}{{pope list item| 178 | Papal election, 1227>19 March 1227 –22 August 1241{{small | 1227 | 19 | 08|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory IX>Gregory IX{{small|GREGORIVS Nonus}} | Segni, Secular Franciscan Order>O.F.S| c. 1145–70 Anagni, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire| 57–82 / 71–96| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.}}{{pope list item| 179 | Papal election, 1241>25 October 1241 –10 November 1241{{small | 1241 | 25 | 11|10}})}}| | Pope Celestine IV>Celestine IV{{small|COELESTINVS Quartus}}| Goffredo Castiglioni | History of Milan#Middle Ages>Free Commune of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 54–61 / 54–61 | History of Milan#Middle Ages>Free Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1243>25 June 1243 –7 December 1254{{small | 1243 | 25 | 12|07}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent IV>Innocent IV{{small|INNOCENTIVS Quartus}}| Sinibaldo Fieschi| c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 48 / 60| Born as a citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1254>12 December 1254 –25 May 1261{{small | 1254 | 12 | 05|25}})}}| | Pope Alexander IV>Alexander IV{{small|ALEXANDER Quartus}}| Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne | Jenne, Italy>Jenne, Papal States| 55 / 62| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Established an Inquisition in France.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1261>29 August 1261 –2 October 1264{{small | 1261 | 29 | 10|02}})}}| | Pope Urban IV>Urban IV{{small|VRBANVS Quartus}}| Jacques Pantaléon| c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, France| 66 / 69 | Kingdom of France. Instituted the Corpus Christi (feast)>feast of Corpus Christi (1264).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1264–65>5 February 1265 –29 November 1268{{small | 1265 | 05 | 11|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement IV>Clement IV{{small|CLEMENSQuartus}}| Gui Faucoi | Saint-Gilles, Gard>Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France| 62 / 66| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France.}}{{pope list item| interregnum=yes | ({{Age in years and days | 11 | 1271 | 01}})}} | Papal election, 1268–1271>period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1268–71>1 September 1271 –10 January 1276{{small | 1271 | 01 | 01|10}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory X>Gregory X{{small|GREGORIVS Decimus}} | Secular Franciscan Order>O.F.S | Piacenza>Free Commune of Piacenza, Holy Roman Empire| 51 / 66 | Piacenza>Free Commune of Piacenza, was of Italian ethnicity. Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274), responsible for regulating all papal conclaves until the 20th century.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, January 1276>21 January 1276 –22 June 1276{{small | 1276 | 21 | 06|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent V>Innocent V{{small|INNOCENTIVS Quintus}} | Dominican Order>O.P.| c. 1224/5 County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire| 52 / 52| Born as a subject of the County of Savoy, was of French ethnicity. Member of the Dominican Order.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, July 1276>11 July 1276 –18 August 1276{{small | 1276 | 11 | 08|18}})}}| | Pope Adrian V>Adrian V{{small|HADRIANVS Quintus}}| Ottobuono Fieschi| c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 60 / 60| Born as a citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, September 1276>8 September 1276 –20 May 1277{{small | 1276 | 08 | 05|20}})}}| | Pope John XXI>John XXI{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Primus}}| Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)| c. 1215 Lisbon, Portugal| 60 / 70 | Kingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over the Pope John (numbering)>numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1277>25 November 1277 –22 August 1280{{small | 1277 | 25 | 08|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Nicholas III>Nicholas III{{small|NICOLAVSTertius}} | Orsini family>Orsini| c. 1216 Rome, Papal States| 61 / 64| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Planned the Sicilian Vespers.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1280–81>22 February 1281 –28 March 1285{{small | 1281 | 22 | 03|28}})}} | 80px) | Pope Martin IV>Martin IV{{small|MARTINVS Quartus}}| Simon de Brion| c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, France| 71 / 75| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1285>2 April 1285 –3 April 1287{{small | 1285 | 02 | 04|03}})}}| | Pope Honorius IV>Honorius IV{{small|HONORIVS Quartus}} | Savelli family>Savelli| c. 1210 Rome, Papal States| 75 / 77| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1287–88>22 February 1288 –4 April 1292{{small | 1288 | 22 | 04|04}})}} | 80px) | Pope Nicholas IV>Nicholas IV{{small|NICOLAVS Quartus}} | Franciscan>O.F.M.| 30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States| 60 / 64| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Franciscan Order.}}{{pope list item| interregnum=yes | ({{Age in years and days | 04 | 1294 | 05}})}} | Papal election, 1292–1294>period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal election, 1292–94>5 July 1294 –13 December 1294{{small | 1294 | 05 | 12|13}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Celestine V>Celestine V{{small|COELESTINVS Quintus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B. | TITLE=THE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA | CHAPTER=POPE ST. CELESTINE V | LOCATION=NEW YORK | CHAPTER-URL=HTTP://WWW.NEWADVENT.ORG/CATHEN/03479B.HTM | ACCESS-DATE=23 DECEMBER 2022 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120509181417/HTTP://WWW.NEWADVENT.ORG/CATHEN/03479B.HTM, live, Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily| 79 / 79 (†81) | Kingdom of Sicily. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Resigned from office and rumoured to have been murdered in prison by Pope Boniface VIII>Boniface VIII.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1294>24 December 1294 –11 October 1303{{small | 1294 | 24 | 10|11}})}} | 80px) | Pope Boniface VIII>Boniface VIII{{small|BONIFATIVS Octavus}} | Caetani family>Caetani| c. 1230–36 Anagni, Papal States| 59–64 / 68–73 | Papal States. Formalized the Jubilee (Christianity)>Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.}}{{pope list end}}14th century{{pope list begin|title=Popes of the 14th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1303>22 October 1303 –7 July 1304{{small | 1303 | 22 | 07|07}})}} | 80px) | Pope Benedict XI>Benedict XI{{small|BENEDICTVS Undecimus}} | Dominican Order>O.P.| c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States| 63 / 64 | ("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant")}}Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1304–1305>5 June 1305 –20 April 1314{{small | 1305 | 05 | 04|20}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement V>Clement V{{small|CLEMENS Quintus}}| Raymond Bertrand de Gouth| c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France| 41 / 50 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.}}{{pope list item| interregnum=yes | ({{Age in years and days | 04 | 1316 | 08}})}} | Papal conclave, 1314–16>period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1314–16>7 August 1316 –4 December 1334{{small | 1316 | 07 | 12|04}})}} | 80px) | Pope John XXII>John XXII{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus}}| Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse| c. 1244–49 Cahors, Quercy, France| 67–72 / 85–90 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the beatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | ({{Age in years and days | 05 | 1330 | 25}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Nicholas V>Nicholas V{{small|NICOLAVS Quintus}} | Order of Friars Minor>O.F.M. | 1260 Corvaro, Papal States | 68 / 70 (†73) | Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII.{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1334>20 December 1334 –25 April 1342{{small | 1334 | 20 | 04|25}})}} | 80px) | Pope Benedict XII>Benedict XII{{small|BENEDICTVS Duodecimus}} | Cistercians>O.Cist.| c. 1280–85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France| 49–54 / 57–62 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Member of the Cistercians | . Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (Benedict XII)>Benedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1342>7 May 1342 –6 December 1352{{small | 1342 | 07 | 12|06}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement VI>Clement VI{{small|CLEMENS Sextus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France| 51 / 61 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1352>18 December 1352 –12 September 1362{{small | 1352 | 18 | 09|12}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent VI>Innocent VI{{small|INNOCENTIVS Sextus}}| Étienne Aubert| c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France| 70 / 80 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1362>28 September 1362 –19 December 1370{{small | 1362 | 28 | 12|19}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban V>Urban V{{small|VRBANVS Quintus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| c. 1309–10 Grizac, Languedoc, France| 52–53 / 60–61 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1370>30 December 1370 –27 March 1378{{small | 1370 | 30 | 03|27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XI>Gregory XI{{small|GREGORIVS Undecimus}}| Pierre Roger de Beaufort| c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France| 41 / 49 | Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy>Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1378>8 April 1378 –15 October 1389{{small | 1378 | 08 | 10|15}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban VI>Urban VI{{small|VRBANVS Sextus}}| Bartolomeo Prignano| c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples| 60 / 71| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:C o a Clemente VII (Avignone).svg|40px) | ({{Age in years and days | 9 | 1394 | 16}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Clement VII>Clement VII{{small|CLEMENS Septimus}}| Robert de Genève | 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E. | 36 / 52 | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. In opposition to Pope Urban VI | (1378–89) and Pope Boniface IX>Boniface IX (1389–1404) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:C o a Benedetto XIII (Avignone).svg|40px) | ({{Age in years and days | 09 | 1423 | 23}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Benedict XIII>Benedict XIII{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus}}| Pedro MartÃnez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor | 25 November 1328 Illueca, Aragon | 66 / 94 | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. In opposition to Pope Boniface IX | (1389–1404), Pope Innocent VII>Innocent VII (1404–06), Pope Gregory XII | (1406–15), Pope Martin V>Martin V (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes Antipope Alexander V | (1409–10) and Antipope John XXIII>John XXIII (1410–15){{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1389>2 November 1389 –1 October 1404{{small | 1389 | 02 | 10|01}})}} | 80px) | Pope Boniface IX>Boniface IX{{small|BONIFATIVS Nonus}}| Pietro Tomacelli Cybo| c. 1348–50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples| c. 39-41 / c. 54-56| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism.}}{{pope list end}}15th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 15th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1404>17 October 1404 –6 November 1406{{small | 1404 | 17 | 11|06}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent VII>Innocent VII{{small|INNOCENTIVS Septimus}}| Cosimo Gentile Migliorati| 1336–39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples| 65–68 / 67–71| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1406>30 November 1406 –4 July 1415{{small | 1406 | 30 | 07|04}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XII>Gregory XII{{small|GREGORIVS Duodecimus}}| Angelo Correr | Venice, Republic of VeniceOtt, Michael. "Pope Gregory XII." The Catholic Encyclopedia {{Webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702101156weblink |date=2 July 2012 }} Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 30 December 2015| c. 79 / 88 (†90)| Born as a citizen of the Republic of Venice. Reigned during the Western Schism. Abdicated.}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:C o a Alexander V (antipapa).svg|40px) | Council of Pisa>30 June 1409 –3 May 1410{{small | 1409 | 30 | 05|03}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Alexander V>Alexander V{{small|ALEXANDER Quintus}} | Order of Friars Minor>O.F.M. | 1339 Neapoli, Crete | , Crete>Candia, Republic of Venice | 70 / 71 | Born as a citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:C o a Giovanni XXIII (Pisa).svg|40px) | ({{Age in years and days | 05 | 1415 | 30}})}} | 80px) | Antipope John XXIII>John XXIII{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius}}| Baldassarre Cossa | 1365 Procida, Naples | 45 / 50 (†54) | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened Council of Constance. Deposed. Became dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.{{pope list item| interregnum=yes | ({{Age in years and days | 07 | 1417 | 17}})}}| Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The Council of Constance called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) did. John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed, Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope was elected.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Council of Constance>11 November 1417 –20 February 1431{{small | 1417 | 11 | 02|20}})}} | 80px) | Pope Martin V>Martin V{{small|MARTINVS Quintus}} | Colonna family>Colonna, O.F.S| Jan/Feb 1369 Genazzano, Papal States| 48 / 62| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378–1417). Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:C o a Antipope Clement VIII.svg|40px) | ISBN=978-0-19-104479-3 | FIRST1=J. N. D. | FIRST2=MICHAEL | PUBLISHER=OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS | ARCHIVE-DATE = 10 MARCH 2024 | URL-STATUS = LIVE, or 20HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/CLEMENT-VIII-ANTIPOPE >TITLE=CLEMENT (VIII) | ANTIPOPE | ACCESS-DATE=11 JULY 2020 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200704165707/HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/CLEMENT-VIII-ANTIPOPE | ({{Age in years and days | 06 | 1429 | 26}})}} | 80px) | Antipope Clement VIII>Clement VIII{{small|CLEMENS Octavus}}| Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón | 1369 Teruel, Aragon | 54 / 60 (†77) | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| }}|| Antipope Benedict XIV| Bernard Garnier | France | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimantsHTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=EYBECQAAQBAJ&DQ=ANTIPOPE+BENEDICT+XIV&PG=PA150 >ISBN=978-0-7864-6116-5 | DATE=2010 | ACCESS-DATE = 19 MARCH 2023 | ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230407103428/HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=EYBECQAAQBAJ&DQ=ANTIPOPE+BENEDICT+XIV&PG=PA150, live, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| }}|| Antipope Benedict XIV| Jean Carrier | France | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimantsHTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=-MQ7CTWMNDOC&DQ=ANTIPOPE+BENEDICT+XIV&PG=PA234 >ISBN=978-0-7864-2071-1 | DATE= 2004 | ACCESS-DATE = 19 MARCH 2023 | ARCHIVE-URL = HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230404210737/HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=-MQ7CTWMNDOC&DQ=ANTIPOPE+BENEDICT+XIV&PG=PA234, live, {{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1431>3 March 1431 –23 February 1447{{small | 1431 | 03 | 02|23}})}} | 80px) | Pope Eugene IV>Eugene IV{{small|EVGENIVS Quartus}} | Condulmer family>Condulmer, O.S.A.| 1383 Venice, Republic of Venice| 47 / 63 | Republic of Venice. Member of the Canons Regular of San Giorgio in Alga>Augustinian Order. Nephew of Gregory XII. Crowned Emperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague. Issued the bull "Creator Omnium", rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer those islands, still pagan. He excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| —(File:Coat of Arms of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy as Antipope Felix V.svg|40px) | Council of Basel>5 November 1439 –7 April 1449{{small | 1439 | 05 | 04|07}})}} | 80px) | Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy>Felix V{{small|FELIX Quintus}}| Amadeus | 4 September 1383 Chambéry, France | 56 / 65 (†67) | Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. In opposition to Pope Eugene IV | HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/AMADEUS-VIII | DATE=3 JANUARY 2024 | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, and Nicholas V.HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/NICHOLAS-V-POPE >TITLE=NICHOLAS V | VATICAN LIBRARY & DUM DIVERSAS | ACCESS-DATE=11 JULY 2020 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20221220115747/HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/BIOGRAPHY/NICHOLAS-V-POPE, live, Also ruled as count of Savoy.{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1447>6 March 1447 –24 March 1455{{small | 1447 | 06 | 03|24}})}} | 80px) | Pope Nicholas V>Nicholas V{{small|NICOLAVS Quintus}}| Tommaso Parentucelli| 13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 49 / 57 | Jubilee (Christian)>Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor | at Rome (1452). Issued the bull Dum Diversas allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the .}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1455>8 April 1455 –6 August 1458{{small | 1455 | 08 | 08|06}})}} | 80px) | Pope Callixtus III>Callixtus III{{small|CALLISTVS Tertius}} | House of Borgia>Borja| 31 December 1378 Xà tiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon| 76 / 79 | Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject to the monarch of the Crown of Aragon). The first Spanish (Valencians>Valencian) pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated. Appointed two nephews as cardinals, one of whom became Pope Alexander VI.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1458>19 August 1458 –15 August 1464{{small | 1458 | 19 | 08|15}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius II>Pius II{{small|PIVS Secundus}}| Enea Silvio Piccolomini| 18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena, Holy Roman Empire| 52 / 58| Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1464>30 August 1464 –26 July 1471{{small | 1464 | 30 | 07|26}})}} | 80px) | Pope Paul II>Paul II{{small|PAVLVS Secundus}}| Pietro Barbo| 23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice| 47 / 54| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1471>9 August 1471 –12 August 1484{{small | 1471 | 09 | 08|12}})}} | 80px) | Pope Sixtus IV>Sixtus IV{{small|SYXTVS Quartus}} | della Rovere, Franciscan>O.F.M.| 21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 57 / 70| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel and created the Vatican Archives. Authorized the Spanish Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Noted for his nepotism and involved in the Pazzi conspiracy.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1484>29 August 1484 –25 July 1492{{small | 1484 | 29 | 07|25}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent VIII>Innocent VIII{{small|INNOCENTIVS Octavus}}| Giovanni Battista Cybo| 1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 51 / 59| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1492>11 August 1492 –18 August 1503{{small | 1492 | 11 | 08|18}})}} | 80px) | Pope Alexander VI>Alexander VI{{small|ALEXANDER Sextus}} | House of Borgia>de Borja| 1 January 1431 Xà tiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon| 61 / 72| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject to the monarch of the Crown of Aragon). Spanish (Valencian); Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). Considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate}}{{pope list end}}16th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 16th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, September 1503>22 September 1503 –18 October 1503{{small | 1503 | 22 | 10|18}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius III>Pius III{{small|PIVS Tertius}}| Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini| 29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena, Holy Roman Empire| 64 / 64| Born as a citizen of the Republic of Siena. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, October 1503>31 October 1503 –21 February 1513{{small | 1503 | 31 | 02|21}})}} | 80px) | Pope Julius II>Julius II{{small|IVLIVS Secundus}} | della Rovere, Order of Friars Minor>O.F.M.| 5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire| 59 / 69 | Republic of Genoa. Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' or the 'Fearsome Pope'. Nephew of Pope Sixtus IV>Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the catholicization of Latin America. In 1508, he commissioned the Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel.Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1513>9 March 1513 –1 December 1521{{small | 1513 | 09 | 12|01}})}} | 80px) | Pope Leo X>Leo X{{small|LEO Decimus}}| Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici| 11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence, Holy Roman Empire| 37 / 45| Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganized the Roman University, and promoted the study of literature, poetry and antiquities. The last pope to not have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1521–22>9 January 1522 –14 September 1523{{small | 1522 | 09 | 09|14}})}} | 80px) | Pope Adrian VI>Adrian VI{{small|HADRIANVS Sextus}}| Aryaen Floriszoon Boeyens | Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht>Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands)| 62 / 64 | ("Respect and wait")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/AR6.HTM >TITLE=POPE ADRIAN VI (1522–1523) | ACCESS-DATE=1 APRIL 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180721162435/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/AR6.HTM, live, Born as a subject of the Bishopric of Utrecht. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg.His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1523>26 November 1523 –25 September 1534{{small | 1523 | 26 | 09|25}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement VII>Clement VII{{small|CLEMENS Septimus}}| Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici| 26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence, Holy Roman Empire| 45 / 56 | ("Unharmed candor")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C07.HTM >TITLE=POPE CLEMENT VII (1523–1534) | ACCESS-DATE=1 APRIL 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180721162253/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C07.HTM, live, Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Cousin of Leo X. Rome sacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved Copernicus' heliocentric universe theory (1533). However Copernicus made very few astronomical observations and based his new model squarely on his mathematical calculations. Natural philosophers of that time (professionals who began to be called scientists only in the 19th century) noted that if the earth rotated there would be observable Coriolis effects. Secondly, a revolving earth would imply a stellar parallax. Given that neither of these effects were observed at the time (would be observed decades later) , Corpenico's model still did not proved heliocentrism.The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1534>13 October 1534 –10 November 1549{{small | 1534 | 13 | 11|10}})}} | 80px) | Pope Paul III>Paul III{{small|PAVLVS Tertius}} | House of Farnese>Farnese| 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States| 66 / 81| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546). Recognized the Order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1549–50>7 February 1550 –29 March 1555{{small | 1550 | 07 | 03|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Julius III>Julius III{{small|IVLIVS Tertius}}| Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte| 10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States| 62 / 67 | Papal States. Established the (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, April 1555>9 April 1555 –1 May 1555{{small | 1555 | 09 | 05|01}})}} | 80px) | Pope Marcellus II>Marcellus II{{small|MARCELLVS Secundus}}| Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi| 6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States| 53 / 53| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, May 1555>23 May 1555 –18 August 1559{{small | 1555 | 23 | 08|18}})}} | Pope_Paul_IV_–_Jacopino_Conte_(Manner),_ca._1560 | '''Pope Paul IV | {{small>PAVLVS''' Quartus}} | House of Carafa>Carafa, C.R.| 28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples| 78 / 83 | ("The Lord is my helper")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/PL4.HTM >TITLE=POPE PAUL IV (1555–1559) | ACCESS-DATE=1 APRIL 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180721162412/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/PL4.HTM, live, Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1559>26 December 1559 –9 December 1565{{small | 1559 | 26 | 12|09}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius IV>Pius IV{{small|PIVS Quartus}}| Giovanni Angelo Medici| 31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 60 / 66 | Duchy of Milan. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Profession of faith (Catholic Church)>Tridentine Creed.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1565–66>7 January 1566 –1 May 1572{{small | 1566 | 07 | 05|01}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Pius V>Pius V{{small|PIVS Quintus}} | Dominican Order>O.P.| 17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 61 / 68 | ("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping thy statutes")}}Born as a subject of the Duchy of Milan. Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England (1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1572>13 May 1572 –10 April 1585{{small | 1572 | 13 | 04|10}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XIII>Gregory XIII{{small|GREGORIVS Tertius Decimus}}| Ugo Boncompagni| 7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States| 70 / 83 | ("Opened and closed")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/G13.HTM >TITLE=POPE GREGORY XIII (1572–1585) | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1585>24 April 1585 –27 August 1590{{small | 1585 | 24 | 08|27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Sixtus V>Sixtus V{{small|SYXTVS Quintus}} | Conventual Franciscans>O.F.M. Conv.| 13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States| 63 / 68 | Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscans>Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, September 1590>15 September 1590 –27 September 1590{{small | 1590 | 15 | 09|27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban VII>Urban VII{{small|VRBANVS Septimus}}| Giovanni Battista Castagna| 4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States| 69 / 69| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, Autumn 1590>5 December 1590 –16 October 1591{{small | 1590 | 05 | 10|16}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XIV>Gregory XIV{{small|GREGORIVS Quartus Decimus}}| Niccolò Sfondrati| 11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 55 / 56 | Duchy of Milan. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Pope Sixtus V>Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1591>29 October 1591 –30 December 1591{{small | 1591 | 29 | 12|30}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent IX>Innocent IX{{small|INNOCENTIVS Nonus}}| Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti| 20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States| 72 / 72 | Papal States. Supported the cause of King Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League (French)>Catholic League against King Henry IV of France in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1592>30 January 1592 –3 March 1605{{small | 1592 | 30 | 03|03}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement VIII>Clement VIII{{small|CLEMENS Octavus}} | Aldobrandini family>Aldobrandini| 24 February 1536 Fano, Marche, Papal States| 55 / 69 | Papal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as Long War (1591–1606)>The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominican Order | and Society of Jesus>Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.JOHN HENRY BLUNT>AUTHOR-LINK=JOHN HENRY BLUNT | CHAPTER-URL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=Z-GCAAAAQAAJ&PG=PA234 | YEAR=1874 | PAGES=234–240 | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 MARCH 2024 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, }}{{pope list end}}17th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 17th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, March 1605>1 April 1605 –27 April 1605{{small | 1605 | 01 | 04|27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Leo XI>Leo XI{{small|LEO Undecimus}}| Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici| 2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence, Holy Roman Empire| 69 / 69| Born as a subject of the Duchy of Florence. The great-nephew of Leo X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, May 1605>16 May 1605 –28 January 1621{{small | 1605 | 16 | 01|28}})}} | 80px) | Pope Paul V>Paul V{{small|PAVLVS Quintus}}| Camillo Borghese| 17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States| 52 / 68 | ("May it be absent, except to glory in you")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/PL5.HTM >TITLE=POPE ALEXANDER VII (1655–1667) | ACCESS-DATE=1 APRIL 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180702011155/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/PL5.HTM, live, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.During his pontificate Galileo's scientific contributions caused difficulties for theologians and natural philosophers of the time, as they contradicted scientific and philosophical ideas based on those of Aristotle and Ptolemy and closely associated with the Catholic Church at that time.Not all Catholic priests at the time were against Galileo's discoveries. Christoph Grienberger, one of the Jesuit scholars, was sympathetic to Galileo's theories, but was invited to defend the Aristotelian point of view by Claudio Acquaviva, the Jesuits' Father General.Not all scientists at the time supported Galileo. Opposition from Tycho Brahe and others arose from the fact that, if heliocentrism were true, an annual stellar parallax should be observed, although no such evidence existed at the time. (Only in 1838 was Friedrich Bessel able to accurately observe it.) Galileo's arguments – based on sunspots and the action of tides – were flawed and were refuted and rejected by other scholars at the time.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1621>9 February 1621 –8 July 1623{{small | 1621 | 09 | 07|08}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XV>Gregory XV{{small|GREGORIVS Quintus Decimus}} | Ludovisi (family)>Ludovisi| 9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States| 67 / 69| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1623>6 August 1623 –29 July 1644{{small | 1623 | 06 | 07|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Urban VIII>Urban VIII{{small|VRBANVS Octavus}}| Maffeo Barberini| 5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 55 / 76| Born as a subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1644>15 September 1644 –7 January 1655{{small | 1644 | 15 | 01|07}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent X>Innocent X{{small|INNOCENTIVS Decimus}}| Giovanni Battista Pamphilj| 6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States| 70 / 80 | ("Water on earth")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/I10.HTM >TITLE=POPE INNOCENT X (1644–1655) | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1655>7 April 1655 –22 May 1667{{small | 1655 | 07 | 05|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Alexander VII>Alexander VII{{small|ALEXANDER Septimus}} | House of Chigi>Chigi| 13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 56 / 68 | Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew of Pope Paul V>Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1667>20 June 1667 –9 December 1669{{small | 1667 | 20 | 12|09}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement IX>Clement IX{{small|CLEMENS Nonus}} | Rospigliosi family>Rospigliosi| 28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire| 67 / 69 | ("Clement to others, not to himself")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C09.HTM >TITLE=POPE CLEMENT IX (1667–1669) | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, Born as a subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1669–70>29 April 1670 –22 July 1676{{small | 1670 | 29 | 07|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement X>Clement X{{small|CLEMENS Decimus}} | Altieri family>Altieri| 13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States| 79 / 86 | ("He increases good and diminishes evil")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C10.HTM >TITLE=POPE CLEMENT X (1670–1676) | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and added one of the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1676>21 September 1676 –12 August 1689{{small | 1676 | 21 | 08|12}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent XI>Innocent XI{{small|INNOCENTIVS Undecimus}} | Erba-Odescalchi>Odescalchi| 16 May 1611 Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan, Holy Roman Empire| 65 / 78 | ("The covetous man is not satisfied")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/I11.HTM >TITLE=POPE INNOCENT XI (1676–1689) | ARCHIVE-DATE=10 AUGUST 2023 | URL-STATUS=LIVE, Born as a subject of the Duchy of Milan. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis. During his pontificate Isaac Newton published the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which placed heliocentrism on a firm theoretical foundation.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1689>6 October 1689 –1 February 1691{{small | 1689 | 06 | 02|01}})}} | 80px) | Pope Alexander VIII>Alexander VIII{{small|ALEXANDER Octavus}} | Ottoboni family>Ottoboni| 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice| 79 / 80| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1691>12 July 1691 –27 September 1700{{small | 1691 | 12 | 09|27}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent XII>Innocent XII{{small|INNOCENTIVS Duodecimus}} | House of Pignatelli>Pignatelli, O.F.S| 13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples| 76 / 85| Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.}}{{pope list end}}18th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 18th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1700>23 November 1700 –19 March 1721{{small | 1700 | 23 | 03|19}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement XI>Clement XI{{small|CLEMENS Undecimus}}| Giovanni Francesco Albani| 23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States| 51 / 71 | Papal States. The Chinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718 when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence.HEILBRON | CONTRIBUTION=CENSORSHIP OF ASTRONOMY IN ITALY AFTER GALILEO | EDITOR-LAST=MCMULLIN | DATE=2005 | ISBN=978-0-268-03483-2, 299, }}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1721>8 May 1721 –7 March 1724{{small | 1721 | 08 | 03|07}})}} | 80px) | Pope Innocent XIII>Innocent XIII{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus}}| Michelangelo dei Conti| 13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States| 65 / 68| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline in Spain.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1724>29 May 1724 –21 February 1730{{small | 1724 | 29 | 02|21}})}} | 80px) | Servant of God Pope Benedict XIII>Benedict XIII{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus}} | Orsini, Dominican Order>O.P.| 2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples| 75 / 81 | Kingdom of Naples. Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the Antipope Benedict XIII>antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII. During his pontificate James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1730>12 July 1730 –6 February 1740{{small | 1730 | 12 | 02|06}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement XII>Clement XII{{small|CLEMENS Duodecimus}} | Corsini family>Corsini, O.F.S| 7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany| 78 / 87 | ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C12.HTM >TITLE=POPE CLEMENT XII (1730–1740) | ACCESS-DATE=14 AUGUST 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230810191031/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/C12.HTM, live, Born as a subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1740>17 August 1740 –3 May 1758{{small | 1740 | 17 | 05|03}})}} | 80px) | Pope Benedict XIV>Benedict XIV{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus}}| Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini| 31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States| 65 / 83 | ("All will be healed")}}HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/B14.HTM >TITLE=POPE BENEDICT XIV (1740–1758) | ACCESS-DATE=14 AUGUST 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230326023657/HTTP://WWW.GCATHOLIC.ORG/HIERARCHY/POPE/B14.HTM, live, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works which included a mildly censored version of the Dialogue.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1758>6 July 1758 –2 February 1769{{small | 1758 | 06 | 02|02}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement XIII>Clement XIII{{small|CLEMENS Tertius Decimus}}| Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico| 7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice| 65 / 75| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of prohibited books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1769>19 May 1769 –22 September 1774{{small | 1769 | 19 | 09|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Clement XIV>Clement XIV{{small|CLEMENS Quartus Decimus}} | Conventual Franciscans>O.F.M. Conv. | Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna>Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States| 63 / 68 | Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscans>Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1774–75>15 February 1775 –29 August 1799{{small | 1775 | 15 | 08|29}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius VI>Pius VI{{small|PIVS Sextus}} | Braschi family>Braschi| 25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States| 57 / 81 | ("It blossoms in the house of God")}}THE WIND WAS TOO STRONG >URL=HTTP://ROMEARTLOVER.TRIPOD.COM/PIUSVI.HTML | ACCESS-DATE=12 FEBRUARY 2014 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160305005642/HTTP://ROMEARTLOVER.TRIPOD.COM/PIUSVI.HTML, live, Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.During his pontificate, the astronomer William Herschel, studying the movement of stars, was the first to realize that the Solar System is moving in space, and determined the approximate direction of movement. Also discovered that the Milky Way (which in the late 18th century was believed to be the entire Universe) is flat, disk-shaped and with the Sun at its center (assertion discovered to be wrong decades later, because today it is known that the Sun is not located in the Galactic Center).}}{{pope list item| interregnum=yes | ({{Age in years and days | 08 | 1800 | 14}})}} | Papal conclave, 1799–1800>period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.}}{{pope list end}}19th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 19th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1799–1800>14 March 1800 –20 August 1823{{small | 1800 | 14 | 08|20}})}} | 80px) | Servant of God Pope Pius VII>Pius VII{{small|PIVS Septimus}} | Order of Saint Benedict>O.S.B.| 14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States| 57 / 81| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as emperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1823>28 September 1823 –10 February 1829{{small | 1823 | 28 | 02|10}})}} | 80px) | Pope Leo XII>Leo XII{{small|LEO Duodecimus}}| Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga| 22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States| 63 / 68| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1829>31 March 1829 –30 November 1830{{small | 1829 | 31 | 11|30}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius VIII>Pius VIII{{small|PIVS Octavus}}| Francesco Saverio Castiglioni| 20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States| 67 / 69| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Accepted Louis Philippe I as king of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1830–31>2 February 1831 –1 June 1846{{small | 1831 | 02 | 06|01}})}} | 80px) | Pope Gregory XVI>Gregory XVI{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus Decimus}} | Camaldolese>O.S.B. Cam.| 18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice| 65 / 80| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Member of the Camaldolese; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of official opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835 when the uncensored versions of Dialogue and De Revolutionibus were finally dropped from the Index.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1846>16 June 1846 –7 February 1878{{small | 1846 | 16 | 02 | (File:Popepiusix.jpg|80px) | Pope Pius IX>Pius IX{{small|PIVS Nonus}} | Secular Franciscan Order>O.F.S.| 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States| 54 / 85 | Papal States, becoming an Italian citizen. Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors. Longest-serving pope since Saint Peter>Peter (c. AD 30–64).During his pontificate the Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel published the Experiments on Plant Hybridization and Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. At time no high-level Church pronouncement has ever attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human speciesHarrison, especially Conclusion section 2Even before the development of modern scientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical text to be read as allegorical, rather than literal, where it appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discovery.WEB,weblink Catholic Education Resource Center, 7 August 2023, 13 January 2021,weblink live, WEB,weblink The Contemporary Relevance of Augustine, 7 August 2023, 12 July 2018,weblink live, }}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1878>20 February 1878 –20 July 1903{{small | 1878 | 20 | 07|20}})}} | 80px) | Pope Leo XIII>Leo XIII{{small|LEO Tertius Decimus}} | Secular Franciscan Order>O.F.S. | First French Empire>French Empire| 67 / 93 | ("Light in Heaven")}} Born as a French citizen, of Italian ethnicity, later became a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism. Had the third-longest reign after Pope Pius IX | , and Pope John Paul II>John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.First Pope to be filmed by a motion picture camera and the first pope with voice recorded.}}{{pope list end}}20th century{{pope list begin |title=Popes of the 20th century}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1903>4 August 1903 –20 August 1914{{small | 1903 | 04 | 08|20}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Pius X>Pius X{{small|PIVS Decimus}}| Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto | Riese Pio X>Riese, Treviso, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia| 68 / 79 | ("Restore all things in Christ")}}Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later became an Italian citizen. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1914>3 September 1914 –22 January 1922{{small | 1914 | 03 | 01|22}})}} | 80px) | Pope Benedict XV>Benedict XV{{small|BENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus}}| Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa | Pegli, Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)>Kingdom of Sardinia| 59 / 67 | ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.")}}Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Sardinia, later became an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace".}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1922>6 February 1922 –10 February 1939{{small | 1922 | 06 | 02|10}})}} | 80px) | Pope Pius XI>Pius XI{{small|PIVS Undecimus}}| Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti| 31 May 1857 Desio, Milan, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia| 64 / 81 | ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")}}Born as a subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later became an Italian citizen. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931). Re-founded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism and Nazism.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1939>2 March 1939 –9 October 1958{{small | 1939 | 02 | 10|09}})}} | 80px) | Venerable#Roman Catholic>Ven. '''Pope Pius XII | {{small>PIVS''' Duodecimus}}| Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli | Rome, Kingdom of Italy>Italy| 63 / 82 | ("The work of justice [shall be] peace")}}Italian citizen. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust. Published the Humani generis, the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and took up a neutral position, concentrating on human evolution:"The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter.Pius XII, encyclical Humani generis 36 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419021937weblink |date=April 19, 2012 }}"}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1958>28 October 1958 –3 June 1963{{small | 1958 | 28 | 06|03}})}} | 80px) | St Pope John XXIII>John XXIII{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius}}| Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli | Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII>Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy| 76 / 81 | ("Obedience and peace")}}Italian citizen. Opened the Second Vatican Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, 1963>21 June 1963 –6 August 1978{{small | 1963 | 21 | 08|06}})}} | 80px) | St Pope Paul VI>Paul VI{{small|PAVLVS Sextus}}| Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini| 26 September 1897 Concesio, Brescia, Italy| 65 / 80 | ("With Him on the mount")}}Italian citizen. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968) condemning artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal (1969).}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, August 1978>26 August 1978 –28 September 1978{{small | 1978 | 26 | 09|28}})}} | 80px) | Pope John Paul I>John Paul I{{small|IOANNES PAVLVS Primus}}| Albino Luciani | Canale d'Agordo>Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy| 65 / 65 | ("Humility")}}Italian citizen. Abolished the coronation and opted for the papal inauguration. First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the sedia gestatoria.}}{{pope list item | 40px) | Papal conclave, October 1978>16 October 1978 –Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II | {{small>({{Age in years and days | 10 | 2005 | 02}})}} | 80px) | St Pope John Paul II>John Paul II{{small|IOANNES PAVLVS Secundus}}| Karol Józef Wojtyła | Wadowice, Second Polish Republic>Poland| 58 / 84 | ("Totally yours")}}Polish citizen, first pope of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Travelled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Second-longest reign after Pius IX. Founded World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).}} |
| 40px|alt=Coat of arms of Pope Benedict XVI) | Papal conclave, 2005>19 April 2005 –Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI | {{small>({{age in years and days | 4 | 2013 | 28}})}} | 80px|alt=Photograph of Pope Benedict XVI) | Pope Benedict XVI>Benedict XVI{{small|BENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus}}| Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger | Marktl, Bavaria, Weimar Republic>Germany|78 / 85 (†95) | ("Cooperators of the truth")}}German citizen. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Authorized the creation of Anglican ordinariates (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),NEWS,weblink Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church, The Guardian, 11 February 2013, 12 February 2013, Brown, Andrew, 1 March 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130301180614weblink">weblink live, becoming pope emeritus.NEWS, Pianigiani, Gaia, Povoledo, Elisabetta, Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope Emeritus, The New York Times, 27 February 2013,weblink 27 February 2017, 21 July 2018,weblink live, }} Longest-lived pope on record. Died on 31 December 2022, in Vatican.NEWS, The 95-year-old Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI passed away at the Vatican's Mater Ecclesiae Monastery, Vatican News, 31 December 2022,weblink 1 January 2023, 31 December 2022,weblink live, {{pope list item | 40px|alt=Coat of arms of Pope Francis) | Papal conclave, 2013>13 March 2013 –present{{small | 2013 | 13}})}} | 80px|alt=Photograph of Pope Francis) | Pope Francis>Francis{{small|FRANCISCVS}} | Society of Jesus>S.J. | df=yes | 12|17}} Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina| 76 | ("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by having mercy, by choosing him')}}SCARISBRICK >FIRST1=VERONICA | URL=HTTP://WWW.NEWS.VA/EN/NEWS/POPE-FRANCIS-MISERANDO-ATQUE-ELIGENDO | WORK=VATICAN RADIO | PUBLISHER=THE HOLY SEE | ARCHIVE-DATE=18 OCTOBER 2017 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, Argentine citizen. First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since Lando (913–914). First pope to visit and celebrate a mass on the Arabian Peninsula.WEB,weblink Pope Francis celebrates first papal mass in Arabian Peninsula, 5 February 2019, 6 September 2022, 15 April 2023,weblink live, }}{{pope list end}}Religious orders51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:{| class="wikitable"|+!Family!Order!Number!Percentage!Popes!Total!Percentage of all popes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Augustinians| Order of Saint Augustine|1 | 1 | 2 }}'''|Eugene IV | 6 | '''{{Percentage | 266| 2 }}''' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 2 }}''' | Pope Honorius II>Honorius II, Pope Innocent II | , Pope Lucius II>Lucius II, Adrian IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premonstratensians>Premonstratense|1 | 1 | 2 }}''' | Pope Gregory VIII>Gregory VIII | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benedictines|Order of Saint Benedict|22 | 22 | 2 }}''' | Pope Gregory I>Gregory I, Pope Boniface IV | , Pope Adeodatus II>Adeodatus II, Pope Leo IV | , Pope John IX>John IX, Pope Leo VII | , Antipope John XVI>John XVI, Pope Sylvester II | , Pope Sergius IV>Sergius IV, Pope Stephen IX | , Pope Gregory VII>Gregory VII, Pope Victor III | , Pope Urban II>Urban II, Pope Paschal II | , Antipope Adalbert>Adalbert, Pope Gelasius II | , Antipope Anacletus II>Anacletus II, ''Antipope Callixtus III | '', Pope Celestine V>Celestine V, Pope Clement VI | , Pope Urban V>Urban V, Pius VII | 23 | '''{{Percentage | 266| 2 }}''' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 }}''' | Pope Gregory XVI>Gregory XVI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cistercians|2 | 2 | 2 }}''' | Pope Eugene III>Eugene III, Benedict XII|2 | 2 | 2 }}''' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dominicans|7 | 7 | 2 }}''' | Pope Innocent V>Innocent V, Pope Benedict XI | , Pope Nicholas V>Nicholas V, Pope Pius V | , Pope Benedict XIII>Benedict XIII, Benedict XV|7 | 7 | 2 }}''' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franciscans|Order of Friars Minor|5 | 5 | 2 }}''' | Pope Nicholas IV>Nicholas IV, ''Antipope Nicholas V | , Antipope Alexander V>Alexander V'', Pope Sixtus IV | , Pope Julius II>Julius II | 17 | '''{{Percentage | 266| 2 }}''' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2 }}''' | Pope Sixtus V>Sixtus V, Clement XIV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 2 }}''' | Pope Gregory IX>Gregory IX, Pope Gregory X | , Pope Martin V>Martin V, Pope Innocent XII | , Pope Clement XII>Clement XII, Pope Pius IX | , Pope Leo XIII>Leo XIII, Pope Pius X | , Pope Pius XI>Pius XI, John XXIII | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jesuits|1 | 1 | 2 }}''' | Pope Francis>Francis|1 | 1 | 2 }}''' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Theatines|1 | 1 | 2 }}''' | Pope Paul IV>Paul IV|1 | 1 | 2 }}''' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Numbering of popes
Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal, John Paul I being the exception. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.Louis Duchesne, "Le nombre des papes", in: Miscellanea di storia ecclesiastica e studi ausiliare {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310122949weblink |date=10 March 2024 }} Vol. 2 (Roma: 1903–1904), pp. 3–7.- Alexander: Antipope Alexander V (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century,BOOK, Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1942, 1942, Rome, 21, 205. Gregorio XII, Veneto, Correr (c. 1406, cessò a. 1409, m. 1417) – Pont. a. 2, m. 6. g. 4. 206. Alessandro V, dell'Isola di Candia, Filargo (c. 1409, m. 1410). - Pont. m. 10, g. 8. 207. Giovanni XXII o XXIII o XXIV, Napoletano, Cossa (c. 1410, cessò dal pontificare 29 mag. 1415, when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence.
- Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus.
- Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Antipope}}
- John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns.
- Antipope John XVI (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence.
- Pope John XXI (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Chronological Lists of Popes}}
- By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female Pope Joan, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Popess Joan}}
- Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century. After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy."MAGAZINE, I Choose John ...,weblink Time, 10 November 1958, 91, 5 April 2020, 24 November 2022,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20221124102923weblink">weblink live,
- Martin: Pope Martin I (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Pope Martin IV}}
- Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961. The remaining Stephens are now numbered Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058).
See also
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=no}}- Annuario Pontificio
- History of the papacy
- Index of Vatican City-related articles
- Legends surrounding the papacy
- Liber Pontificalis
- Papal name
- Papal appointment
- Pope John (numbering)
- Prophecy of the Popes
Lists
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=no}}- List of canonized popes
- List of murdered popes
- List of popes by nationality
- List of popes from the Borgia family
- List of popes from the Conti family
- List of popes from the Medici family
- (:Category:Popes|List of popes sorted alphabetically)
- List of sexually active popes
- List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State
- List of popes (graphical)
Notes
{{reflist|group=birth}}References
{{Reflist}}Sources
- The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
- The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
- Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
- I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
- Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
- Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
External links
- Catholic Online: The List of Popes
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190206130951weblink">Popes & Anti-Popes (2019 archived copy)
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