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Streetcars in North America
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{{Short description|History of street cars}}File:New Flexity LR vehicles approach Spadina and King, 2016 07 21 (16).JPG - panoramio.jpg|thumb|275px|The Toronto Transit Commission maintains the most extensive system in the AmericasAmericasStreetcars or trolley(car)s (North American English for the European word tram) were once the chief mode of public transit in hundreds of North American cities and towns. Most of the original urban streetcar systems were either dismantled in the mid-20th century or converted to other modes of operation, such as light rail. Today, only Toronto still operates a streetcar network essentially unchanged in layout and mode of operation.Older surviving lines and systems in Boston, Cleveland, Mexico City, Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and San Francisco were often infrastructure-heavy systems with tunnels, dedicated right-of-way, and long travel distances. Most of these older streetcar systems are largely rebuilt as light rail systems. About 22 North American cities, starting with Edmonton, Calgary and San Diego, have installed new light rail systems, some of which run along historic streetcar corridors. A few recent cases feature mixed-traffic street-running operation like a streetcar. Portland, Oregon, Seattle, and Salt Lake City have built both modern light rail and modern streetcar systems, while Tucson, Oklahoma City and Atlanta have built new modern streetcar lines. A few other cities and towns have restored a small number of lines to run heritage streetcars either for public transit or for tourists; many are inspired by New Orleans’ St. Charles Streetcar Line, generally viewed as the world’s oldest continuously operating streetcar line.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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History
Omnibuses and horsecars
File:Horse-drawn streetcar no. 148 of a New York City system LCCN2004667717.jpg|thumb|Horse-drawn streetcars in New York CityNew York CityFrom the 1820s to the 1880s urban transit in North America began when horse-drawn omnibus lines started to operate along city streets. Examples included Gilbert Vanderwerken’s 1826 omnibus service in Newark, New Jersey. Before long Omnibus companies sought to boost profitability of their wagons by increasing ridership along their lines. Horsecar lines simply ran wagons along rails set in a city street instead of on the unpaved street surface as the omnibus lines used. When a wagon was drawn upon rails the rolling resistance of the vehicle was lowered and the average speed was increased.A horse or team that rode along rails could carry more fare paying passengers per day of operation than those that did not have rails. North America’s first streetcar lines opened in 1832 from downtown New York City to Harlem by the New York and Harlem Railroad, in 1834 in New Orleans, and in 1849 in Toronto along the Williams Omnibus Bus Line.These streetcars used horses and sometimes mules. Mules were thought to givemore hours per day of useful transit service than horses and were especially popular in the south in cities such as New Orleans, Louisiana.WEB, Branley, Edward, CanalStreetCar (dot com),www.canalstreetcar.com/, 2008-12-28, In many cities, streetcars drawn by a single animal were known as “bobtail streetcars” whether mule-drawn or horse-drawn.NEWS, November 19, 1898, A Bob-tail car run into, The New York Times,query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D05E5DD103BE033A2575AC1A9679D94629FD7CF, NEWS, October 12, 1881, Letter to editor, The New York Times,timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/10/12/102762168.pdf, By the mid-1880s, there were 415 street railway companies in the U.S. operating over {{convert|6000|mi|km}} of track and carrying 188 million passengers per year using animal-drawn cars.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} In the nineteenth century Mexico had streetcars in around 1,000 towns and many were animal-powered. The 1907 Anuario EstadÃstico lists35 animal-powered streetcar lines in Veracruz state, 80 in Guanajuato, and 300 lines in Yucatán.WEB, Morrison, Allen, The Animal-Powered Tramways of Mexico,www.tramz.com/mx/ne/a.html, 2014-09-27, tramz.com, File:Transporte a Cenotes Cuzamá.jpg|thumb|left|Horse-drawn Decauville “trucks” in CuzamáCuzamáAlthough most animal-drawn lines were shut down in the 19th century, a few lines lasted into the 20th century and later. Toronto’s horse-drawn streetcar operations ended in 1891. New York City saw regular horsecar service last until 1917. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Sarah Street line lasted until 1923.The last regular mule-drawn cars in the United States ran in Sulphur Rock, Arkansas, until 1926 and were commemorated by a U.S. Postage Stamp issued in 1983.WEB, Sulphur Rock Street Car; Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture,www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=3727, 2008-12-23, The last mule tram service in Mexico City ended in 1932, and a mule-poweredline in Celaya, survived until May 1954.WEB, Morrison, Allen, The Indomitable Tramways of Celaya,www.tramz.com/mx/ce/ce.html, 2014-09-27, tramz.com, In the 21st century, horsecars are still used to take visitors along the {{Convert|9|km|mi|adj=on}} tour of the 3 cenotes from Chunkanán near Cuzamá Municipality in the state of Yucatán.WEB, 23 November 2008, Cenotes at Cuzama - Yucatán Today,yucatantoday.com/en/topics/cenotes-cuzama, 2011-03-13, WEB, Cerny, Louis, Morrison, Allen, Yucatán Narrow Gauge by Louis Cerny,www.tramz.com/lc/y.html, 2011-05-05, tramz.com, Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, Cal., has operated a short horsecar line since it opened in July 1955. Similarly, Disney World theme park in Orlando has operated a short horsecar line since it opened in Oct 1971. At both parks, they run from 8-9am to 1:30-2pm, and, depending on the season, sometimes 5-7pm.Early power
File:Streetcars21Oct1893.jpg|thumb|An editorial cartoon from New OrleansNew OrleansDuring the nineteenth century, particularly from the 1860s to the 1890s, many streetcar operators switched from animals to other types of motive power. Before the use of electricity the use of steam dummies, tram engines, or cable cars was tried in several North American cities. A notable transition took place in Washington, D.C., in the U.S. where horsecars were used on street railways from 1862 to the early 1890s. From about 1890 to 1893 cable drives provided motive power to Washington streetcars, and after 1893 electricity powered the cars.BOOK, Tindall, Dr. William,books.google.com/books?id=ZUHrL7tQVS8C&pg=PA24, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.: Beginning of Street Railways in the National Capital, Columbia Historical Society, 1918, Charlottesville, VA, 24–118, The advantages of eliminating animal drive power included dispensing with the need to feed the animals and clean up their waste. A North American city that did not eliminate its cable car lines was San Francisco and much of its San Francisco cable car system continues to operate to this day.In this transition period some early streetcar lines in large cities opted to rebuild their railways above or below grade to help further speed transit. Such system would become known as rapid transit or later as heavy rail lines.Electrification
File:Montgomery birds eye view postcard.jpg|left|thumb|Three streetcars on the Lightning Route. Electric streetcars were introduced to Montgomery in 1886.]] The World Cotton Centennial was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, from December 16, 1884, to June 2, 1885.It featured displays with a great deal of electric light illumination, an observation tower with electric elevators,and several prototype designs of electric streetcars.WEB, John Kendall, 1922, History of New Orleans; Chapter XX1X: The World’s Cotton Centennial Exposition,penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Louisiana/New_Orleans/_Texts/KENHNO/29*.html, Montgomery, Alabama, established its electric streetcarsystem nicknamed the Lightning Route on April 15, 1886.WEB, Charles J. Van Depoele,www.nndb.com/people/499/000166998/, 14 December 2008, Another early electrified streetcar system in the United States was establishedin Scranton, Pennsylvania, by November 30, 1886; it was the first system to be run exclusively on electric power, giving Scranton the nickname “The Electric City”.WEB, Electric City Trolley Museum,www.ectma.org/museum.html, 14 December 2008, WEB, Scranton gained fame as the Electric City, thanks to the region’s innovative spirit,thetimes-tribune.com/news/scranton-gained-fame-as-the-electric-city-thanks-to-the-region-s-innovative-spirit-1.965641, 29 January 2010, In 1887 an electric streetcar line opened between Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska.WEB, Liz Rea, History at a Glance: A Guide to Businesses, Institutions, Organizations, People and Events that Shaped the History of Omaha and the Douglas County Area, 1671-2005,www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf, dead,www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20081029122148www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20081029122148www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf, 2008-10-29, 2008-12-27, The Omaha Motor Railway Company began operation in 1888.Along the east coast a large-scale electric street railway system known as the Richmond Union Passenger Railway was built by Frank J. Sprague in Richmond, Virginia, and was operating by February 2, 1888. The Richmond system had a large impact upon the burgeoning electric trolley industry. Sprague’s use of a trolley pole for D.C. current pick up from a single line (with ground return via the street rails) set the pattern that was to be adopted in many other cities. The North American English use of the term “trolley” instead of “tram” for a street railway vehicle derives from the work that Sprague did in Richmond and quicklyspread elsewhere.Los Angeles built the largest electric tramway system in the world, which grew to over 1600 km of track. A horse-drawn tramway was commenced in L.A. in 1872. In the first decade of the 1900s, Henry Huntington was behind this development. Trams ran in the city as well as to outlying settlements. Lines radiated from the city as far south as Long Beach. Cars could be coupled, running in multiple-unit operation. All was abandoned by 1961.Thom Eberhardt, “This was Pacific Electric”, Sky City Productions, 2003. (DVD)Growth
{{see also|Trolley park|Setback (land use)}}File:Detroit united railway map-1904.PNG|thumb|upright|Map of Detroit United Railway streetcar and interurban lines. The rapid growth of streetcar systems in the late-19th century led to the development of streetcar suburbsstreetcar suburbsBy 1889 110 electric railways incorporating Sprague’s equipment had been started or were planned on several continents. By 1895 almost 900 electric street railways and nearly 11,000 miles (18,000 km) of track had been built in the United States.The rapid growth of streetcar systems led to the widespread ability of people to live outside of a city and commute into it for work on a daily basis. Several of the communities that grew as a result of this new mobility were known as streetcar suburbs.WEB, America on the Move - Growth of the Capital’s Suburbs,americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/exhibition/exhibition_4_7.html, 2008-12-30, National Museum of American History, WEB, H.B. Craig II, Detroit Transit History: The Pingree Years (1890--1900),www.detroittransithistory.info/ThePingreeYears.html, 2008-12-30, Another outgrowth of the popularity of urban streetcar systems was the rise of interurban lines, which were basically streetcars that operated between cities and served remote, even rural, areas. In some areas interurban lines competed with regular passenger service on mainline railroads and in others they simply complemented the mainline roads by serving towns not on the mainlines. The largest of these was the Pacific Electric system in Los Angeles, which had over {{convert|1000|mile|km}} of track and 2,700 scheduled services each day.Thom Eberhardt, “This Was Pacific Electric”, Sky City Productions, 2003. (DVD)The Hagerstown and Frederick Railway that started in 1896 in northern Maryland was built to provide transit service to resorts and the streetcar company built and operated two amusement parks to entice more people to ride their streetcars. The Lake Shore Electric Railway interurban in northern Ohio carried passengers to Cedar Point and several other Ohio amusement parks. The Lake Compounce amusement park, which started in 1846, had by 1895 established trolley service to its rural Connecticut location. Although outside trolley service to Lake Compounce stopped in the 1930s, the park resurrected its trolley past with the opening of the “Lakeside Trolley” ride in 1997 which is still operating today as a short heritage line. In the days before widespread radio listening was popular and in towns or neighborhoods too small to support a viable amusement park streetcar lines might help to fund an appearance of a touring musical act at the local bandstand to boost weekend afternoon ridership.Many of Mexico’s streetcars were fitted with gasoline motors in the 1920s and some were pulledby steam locomotives. Only 15 Mexican streetcar systems were electrified in the 1920s.Strikes
File:Scab streetcar led by police - San Francisco Street Car Strike 1907.jpg|thumb|left|Police escorting a “scab-driven streetcar during the San Francisco Streetcar Strike of 1907. A number of streetcar strikes broke out in the United States during the early 20th century.]]Between 1895 and 1929, almost every major city in the United States suffered at least one streetcar strike. Sometimes lasting only a few days, more often these strikes were “marked by almost continuous and often spectacular violent conflict,“Strikebreaking & intimidation: mercenaries and masculinity in twentieth ... By Stephen Harlan Norwood, page 36 at times amounting to prolonged riots and civil insurrection.Streetcar strikes rank among the deadliest armed conflicts in American labor union history. Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor called the St. Louis Streetcar Strike of 1900 “the fiercest struggle ever waged by the organized toilers”Motorman and Conductor, June 1900 up to that point, with a total casualty count of 14 dead and about 200 wounded. The San Francisco Streetcar Strike of 1907 saw 30 killed and about 1000 injured. Many of the casualties were passengers and innocent bystanders.The 1929 New Orleans streetcar strike was one of the last of its kind. The rise of private automobile ownership took the edge off its impact, as an article in the Chicago Tribune observed as early as 1915.Strikebreaking & intimidation: mercenaries and masculinity in twentieth ... By Stephen Harlan Norwood, page 69Decline
{{See also|Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935}}File:Cincinnati - last month of streetcar service (1951).jpg|thumb|Two Cincinnati streetcars in April 1951, a week before streetcar service ended. Streetcars were replaced by trolleybustrolleybusThe increased use of automobiles during the 1920s contributed to the decline of many streetcar lines in North America, and the decline continued during the Great Depression of the 1930s.BOOK, Jensen, Oliver, The American Heritage History of Railroads in America, 1975, Bonanza Books, 0-517-362368, 1981, New York, 289, The onset of World War II held off the closure of some streetcar lines as civilians used them to commute to war related factory jobs during a time when rubber tires and gasoline were rationed. After the war automobile use continued to rise and was assisted in the 1940s and 1950s by the passage of the Trans-Canada Highway Act of 1948 and growth of provincial highways in Canada as well as the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 in the United States.By the 1960s most North American streetcar lines were closed, with only the exceptions noted above and discussed below remaining in service. During the same time all streetcar systems in Central America were scrapped as well. The survival of the lines that made it past the 1960s was aided by the introduction of the successful PCC streetcar (Presidents’ Conference Committee car) in the 1940s and 1950s in all these cities except New Orleans.City buses were seen as more economical and flexible: a bus could carry a number of people similar to that in a streetcar without tracks and associated infrastructure. Many transit operators removed some streetcar tracks but kept the electric infrastructure so as to run electrified trackless trolley buses. Many such systems lasted only as long as the first generation of equipment, but several survive to the present.Purported conspiracies
File:Pacific-Electric-Red-Cars-Awaiting-Destruction.jpg|thumb|Pacific Electric Railway streetcars stacked at a junkyard on Terminal IslandTerminal IslandThe abandonment of city streetcar systems in the mid-twentieth century led to accusations of conspiracy which held that a union of automobile, oil, and tire manufacturers shut down the streetcar systems in order to further the use of buses and automobiles.BOOK, Black, Edwin, Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives, Macmillan, 2007, 9780914153115, 193–260, Chapter Ten: ‘The GM Conspiracy’, Edwin Black, The struggling depression-era streetcar companies were bought up by this union of companies who, over the following decades, dismantled many of the North American streetcar systems.While it is true that General Motors, Firestone Tire, Standard Oil of California, Phillips Petroleum, and some other companies funded holding companies that purchased about 30 more of the hundreds of transit systems across North America, their real goal was to sell their products — buses, tires, and fuel — to those transit systems as they converted from streetcars to buses. During the time the holding companies owned an interest in American transit systems, more than 300 cities converted to buses. The holding companies only owned an interest in the transit systems of less than fifty of those cities.Bottles, Scott, “Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City” (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987)JOURNAL, Cosgrove, Christine, Winter 2004 – Spring 2005, Roger Rabbit Unframed: Revising the GM Conspiracy Theory,www.its.berkeley.edu/itsreview/ITSReviewonline/winter20042005/gm.html, dead, ITS Review Online, 3,www.its.berkeley.edu/itsreview/ITSReviewonline/winter20042005/gm.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20060908013528www.its.berkeley.edu/itsreview/ITSReviewonline/winter20042005/gm.html,">web.archive.org/web/20060908013528www.its.berkeley.edu/itsreview/ITSReviewonline/winter20042005/gm.html, 2006-09-08, 2009-06-19, 1, Martha J. Bianco, Kennedy, “60 Minutes, and Roger Rabbit: Understanding Conspiracy-Theory Explanations of the Decline of Urban Mass Transit”, Portland State University Center for Urban Studies Discussion Paper 98-11, November, 1998JOURNAL, Slater, Cliff, Summer 1997, General Motors and the Demise of Streetcars,www.lava.net/cslater/TQOrigin.pdf, dead, Transportation Quarterly, 51, 45–66,www.lava.net/cslater/TQOrigin.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20070702205035www.lava.net/cslater/TQOrigin.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20070702205035www.lava.net/cslater/TQOrigin.pdf, 2007-07-02, 2009-06-19, 3, GM and other companies were subsequently convicted in 1949 of conspiring to monopolize the sale of buses and related products via a complex network of linked holding companies including National City Lines and Pacific City Lines. They were also indicted, but acquitted of conspiring to monopolize the ownership of these companies. The former verdict was upheld on appeal in 1951.WEB, Walter C. Lindley, January 3, 1951, United States v. National City Lines, Inc., et al.,www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/770576,www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/770576," title="web.archive.org/web/20080608012144www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/770576,">web.archive.org/web/20080608012144www.altlaw.org/v1/cases/770576, 2008-06-08, 2010-12-01, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit,Renaissance
Light rail
File:Grove Street Station - April 2015.jpg|thumb|A Newark Light Rail station. As opposed to traditional streetcars, modern light rail systems typically run on reserved track, and often use railway platformrailway platformThe systems described in the paragraphs above and below are genuine streetcars or tramways, with smaller vehicles and mixed-traffic street running (i.e. no separation from other vehicles), such as those in New Orleans and San Francisco. However, a greater number of North American cities have built light rail systems in recent decades, some of which operate partially in the right-of-way of city streets, but which mostly operate in exclusive rights-of-way. A few North American ‘light rail’ systems date to the “first” streetcar era, such as Boston’s Green Line, Cleveland’s Blue and Green Lines, Mexico City’s Xochimilco Light Rail, and the light rail system in Newark, New Jersey, and so can be considered “holdovers” or “legacies” from that era.The term light rail was devised in 1972 by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA; the precursor to the U.S. Federal Transit Administration) to describe new streetcar transformations which were taking place in Europe and being planned in North America.WEB, Gregory L. Thompson, 2003, Defining an Alternative Future: Birth of the Light Rail Movement in North America,trb.org/publications/circulars/ec058/03_01_Thompson.pdf, Transportation Research Board, Some notable distinctions between light rail systems and their streetcar predecessors were that:- Light rail lines may run at least partially along exclusive rights of way instead of only along or in streets (i.e. without street running).
- A light rail line is more likely to run multiple unit trains instead of single cars.
- A light rail line may use high level platforms instead of in street level stops. These design differences mean that light rail systems tend to have higher passenger capacities and higher speeds than their streetcar predecessors.
Heritage and modern streetcars
New public transit streetcar services also returned, at least in the United States, around the same time as the emergence of the new light rail transit.File:MATA 369 on Bowen.JPG|thumb|A heritage streetcar in DallasDallasPrior to 2001, the new streetcar systems that opened in North America for public transit were so-called heritage streetcar systems, alternatively known as “vintage trolley” or “historic trolley” lines. While Detroit and Seattle were the first cities to open heritage lines in 1976 and 1982, their heritage lines ultimately closed in 2003 and 2005, respectively. The first heritage system to be successful was Dallas’ M-line which opened in 1989. Memphis opened what ultimately became a larger heritage streetcar system in 1993, while San Francisco restored one of its defunct streetcar lines (F Market & Wharves) using heritage streetcar operations in 1995. These heritage systems were followed in the 2000s by new heritage streetcar lines in Kenosha, Tampa, and Little Rock, and the restoration of a defunct streetcar line using heritage streetcars in Philadelphia (SEPTA Route 15) in 2005. Other cities in both the United States and Canada opened new heritage streetcar lines that operated only on weekends or seasonally, primarily as tourist services, and so didn’t provide true “public transit” service.Truly modern streetcar systems arose in the United States, starting in 2001, in Portland, Oregon. This was followed by new streetcar lines in Seattle, Salt Lake City, Tucson, and Atlanta. These systems were completely new in every way, operating on new track built specifically for them, and operating with “modern” streetcar vehicles rather than the “heritage” vehicles used in places like Dallas, Memphis and San Francisco.Transportation vs. development
In 2015, the Mineta Transportation Institute released a peer-reviewed research reportWEB, Brown, Jeffrey, Nixon, Hilary, Ramos, Enrique, February 15, 2015, The Purpose, Function, and Performance of Streetcar Transit in the Modern U.S. City: A Multiple-Case-Study Investigation,transweb.sjsu.edu/PDFs/research/1201-streetcar-transit-in-modern-US-cities.pdf, 2015-07-13, which used key informant interviews to examine the experiences on modern-era streetcars operating in Little Rock, Memphis, Portland, Seattle, and Tampa. The research revealed that in these cities, the primary purpose of the streetcar was to serve as a development tool (in all cities examined), a second objective was to serve as a tourism-promoting amenity (in Little Rock and Tampa), and transportation objectives were largely afterthoughts with the notable exception of Portland, and to a lesser degree, Seattle.Surviving first-generation streetcar systems
(File:FEMA - 20722 - Photograph by Robert Kaufmann taken on 12-21-2005 in Louisiana.jpg|thumb|left|New Orleans operates the oldest operating street railway system in the world, a system that dates back to 1835.)Not all streetcar systems were removed after World War II. The San Francisco cable car system and New Orleans’ streetcars are the most famous examples of the survival of a “legacy” streetcar system in the United States to the present day. In addition to New Orleans’ streetcars, Toronto’s conventional electric streetcar system also avoided abandonment, as did portions of the streetcar systems in San Francisco, Boston, Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland,WEB, November 2000, This Is Light Rail Transit,www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/light_rail_bro.pdf, 2014-08-06, Light Rail Transit Committee, Transportation Research Board, 7, as well as Mexico City. The Newark, Philadelphia, and Boston systems run into subways downtown, while the Pittsburgh and San Francisco systems have tunnels under large hills that had no acceptable road alternatives for bus replacements. The St. Charles Avenue line in New Orleans runs down the park-like “neutral ground” in the center of St. Charles Avenue, while the surviving Xochimilco line in Mexico City, the interurban lines in Cleveland, and almost all of the above-ground portions of the Boston system have similar rights-of-way, and, thus, are generally treated as “light rail” lines in modern contexts rather than as “streetcar” lines. The only electric system to survive without using these alternatives to street running was Toronto’s.File:CLRVs 4049 and 4090 Eastbound on King.jpg|thumb|The Toronto streetcar system is the only surviving first-generation system whose streetcars still primarily use street runningstreet runningThe surviving legacy systems using PCC streetcars have since replaced their PCC cars with modern light rail vehicles, although restored vintage PCC cars are still in regular operation on Boston’s Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line, and as well as on San Francisco’s restored F Market heritage line. New Orleans’ streetcar system also continues to operate a few surviving Perley Thomas cars (along with replica cars). All of the other legacy systems have received new equipment and most have upgraded to modern light rail vehicles.Some of these cities have also rehabilitated lines, and Newark, New Orleans, and San Francisco have added trackage and new lines in recent years; San Francisco also restored a streetcar line with heritage service in 1995 (see Heritage streetcar systems section, below). In Philadelphia, a former trolley line (SEPTA Route 15, aka. the Girard Avenue Line), that was “bustituted” in 1992, resumed trolley service in 2005 using rebuilt historic cars (see below); two other former Philadelphia trolley lines have been proposed for a resumption in trolley service in the 2010s though such plans have stalled.In Canada, most cities once had a streetcar system, but today the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the only traditional operator of streetcars, and maintains the Western Hemisphere’s most extensive system in terms of track length, number of cars, and ridership. The city has added two new streetcar lines in recent years (510 Spadina in 1990, and 509 Harbourfront in 2000), and is upgrading its other lines. Its traditional fleet of CLRVs and ALRVs were replaced by the newer Bombardier Flexity low-floor models, and expansion is planned in combination with the city’s plans for the rejuvenation of its waterfront.The table below lists the surviving first-generation “legacy” streetcars in those nine North American cities:{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center;“! width=“80px” | City/Area served! width=“40px” | Country! width=“40px” | State/Province! width=“185px” | System! width=“40px” | Yearopened! Yearlastexpanded! width=“70px” data-sort-type=“number” | Systemlength! width=“40px” data-sort-type=“number” | Stops! width=“40px” data-sort-type=“number” | Lines! Type ofvehicle! Systemdescription| Boston | {{flag|USA}} | {{flag|MA}} | Green Line (MBTA) | This system also has a heavy rail rapid transit>rapid transit/metro portion (see List of metro systems), and connections to a commuter rail system; the figures and statistics presented here represent the ‘’tram | /light rail portion of the system only’’.While the Green Line (MBTA)>MBTA Green Line is light rail, the MBTA Blue Line (MBTA) | , Orange Line (MBTA)>Orange, and Red Line (MBTA) | lines are Rapid transit>rapid transit/subways and are not included here. | URL=HTTP://WWW.MBTA.COM/ABOUT_THE_MBTA/HISTORY/?ID=962 | PUBLISHER=MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY, | DATE=FEBRUARY 24, 2022 | PUBLISHER=WBUR-FM | ACCESS-DATE=MAY 7, 2022, | 22.6 | km | URL=HTTP://WWW.MBTA.COM/UPLOADEDFILES/ABOUT_THE_T/FINANCIALS/9_APPENDIX.PDF | PUBLISHER=MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160303223436/HTTP://WWW.MBTA.COM/UPLOADEDFILES/ABOUT_THE_T/FINANCIALS/9_APPENDIX.PDF, dead, | 66| 4| Kinki Sharyo, AnsaldoBreda, and CAF USA LRVs | Light rail / Tram>Streetcar(with subway) |
| Ashmont–MattapanHigh Speed Line| 1929| n/a | 2.6 | km|abbr=on}}| 8| 1| PCC streetcars (1943–46) | Light rail>Heritage light railThis system is run with historic (i.e. “heritage“) rolling stock, but is considered to be a regular light rail or streetcar system rather than a “heritage streetcar” system. |
| Cleveland | USA}} | OH}} | Blue and Green Lines (Cleveland) | While the Blue and Green Lines are light rail, Cleveland’s other transit line, the Red Line (Cleveland)>Red Line, is rapid transit. | URL=HTTP://WWW.RIDERTA.COM/HISTORY | PUBLISHER=GREATER CLEVELAND REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY, / 1980| 1996 | 15.3 | km | URL=HTTP://WWW.RIDERTA.COM/ANNUAL/2012 | PUBLISHER=GREATER CLEVELAND REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY, | 34| 2 | Società Italiana Ernesto Breda>Breda LRVs| Converted to Light rail |
| Mexico City | MEX}} | Mexican Federal District|name=DF}} | Xochimilco Light Rail| 1910/ 1986| 1988 | 8.0 | km|abbr=on}} | URL=HTTP://WWW.STE.DF.GOB.MX/SERVICIOS/TRENLIGERO.HTML | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120716204014/HTTP://WWW.STE.DF.GOB.MX/SERVICIOS/TRENLIGERO.HTML | ACCESS-DATE=2013-07-07 | LANGUAGE=ES, | 1 | Concarril and Bombardier Transportation>Bombardier LRVs| Converted to Light rail |
| Newark | USA}} | NJ}} | Newark Light Rail (NJ Transit)MARCH 2013 >TITLE=RIDERSHIP - FACTS AT A GLANCE | ACCESS-DATE=2013-07-14 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-09-06 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, JUNE 2013 >TITLE=NEWARK - LIGHT RAIL | ACCESS-DATE=2013-07-14 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-10-16 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 1935| 2006 | 7.0 | km|abbr=on}}| 17| 2| Kinki Sharyo| Converted to light rail (with subway) |
| New Orleans | USA}} | Louisiana|name=LA}} | Streetcars in New Orleans | 2013 | URL=HTTP://WWW.NEWORLEANSONLINE.COM/TOOLS/TRANSPORTATION/GETTINGAROUND/STREETCARS.HTML | PUBLISHER=THE OFFICIAL TOURISM SITE OF THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS: NEWORLEANSONLINE.COM, APTA STREETCAR AND HERITAGE TROLLEY SITE - NEW ORLEANS OVERVIEW >URL=HTTP://WWW.HERITAGETROLLEY.ORG/EXISTNEWORLEANSOVERVIEW.HTM | PUBLISHER=AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION (APTA) AND THE SEASHORE TROLLEY MUSEUM, | 1835 | TITLE=ALL ABOARD: NORTH RAMPART ST. CLAUDE STREETCAR LINE OPENS OCT. 2 | DATE=SEPTEMBER 28, 2016 | THE TIMES-PICAYUNE/THE NEW ORLEANS ADVOCATE>THE TIMES-PICAYUNE | ARCHIVE-DATE=OCTOBER 2, 2016, dead, | 22.3 | km|abbr=on}}| many stops| 4 | Perley A. Thomas Car Works>Perley Thomas carsand replicas | Tram>Streetcar |
| Philadelphia | {{flag|USA}} | {{flag|PA}} | Routes 101 and 102| 1906| | 11.9 | km | DATE=NOVEMBER 2011 | URL=HTTP://WWW.PUBLICTRANSIT.US/PTLIBRARY/NORTHAMERICARAILTRANSITOPENINGS/RAILOPENINGS_US_UPDATED2011.PDF | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20131104023212/HTTP://WWW.PUBLICTRANSIT.US/PTLIBRARY/NORTHAMERICARAILTRANSITOPENINGS/RAILOPENINGS_US_UPDATED2011.PDF | ACCESS-DATE=2013-11-02 | PAGES=37–40, | URL=HTTP://WWW.SEPTA.ORG/REPORTS/PDF/ROUTE-STATISTICS.PDF | PUBLISHER=SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY, | 2 | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company>Kawasaki K cars| Light rail |
| Subway–SurfaceTrolley Lines| 1906| 1972 | 19.8 | km|abbr=on}}| 16SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines: 16 stations (8 underground; 8 surface), with several additional streetcar-like surface stops.| 5 | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company>Kawasaki K cars | Tram>Streetcar(with subway) |
| Pittsburgh | USA}} | PA}} | Siemens SD-400 and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles>CAF LRVs| Converted to light rail (with subway) |
| San Francisco | {{flag|USA}} | {{flag|CA}} | Muni Metro | URL=HTTP://WWW.SFMTA.COM/ABOUT-SFMTA/OUR-HISTORY-AND-FLEET/SFMTA-FLEET/MUNI-METRO-LIGHT-RAIL | PUBLISHER=SAN FRANCISCO MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCY, | DATE=JANUARY 8, 2023 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCBAYAREA.COM/NEWS/LOCAL/CENTRAL-SUBWAY-LINE-SAN-FRANCISCO/3123506/ | PUBLISHER=KNTV, en-US, | 35.7 | km|abbr=on}}| 120Muni Metro: 33 stations (9 underground; 24 surface), with an additional 87 streetcar-like surface stops.| 6 (+1) | AnsaldoBreda>Breda and Siemens S200 LRVs | Tram>Streetcar(with subway) |
| San Francisco cable car system | RIDER INFORMATION – MARKET STREET RAILWAY | ACCESS-DATE=2013-08-18 | URL=HTTP://WWW.SFMTA.COM/ABOUT-SFMTA/OUR-HISTORY-AND-FLEET/SFMTA-FLEET/CABLE-CARS | PUBLISHER=SAN FRANCISCO MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCY, It is debatable whether this system truly qualifies as “light rail” (or as a true “transit” system either), but it is included in the table anyway for completeness.| 1878| 1952 | 5.2 | km|abbr=on}}| 62| 3 | Cable car (railway)>cable cars | Cable car (railway)>Cable car |
| Toronto | CAN}} | Ontario|name=ON}} | Toronto streetcar system | URL=HTTP://WWW.TTC.CA/ABOUT_THE_TTC/PROJECTS/NEW_VEHICLES/NEW_STREETCARS/TORONTOS_STREETCAR_NETWORK/INDEX.JSP | PUBLISHER=TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION, | DATE=JUNE 18, 2016 | WORK=TORONTO STAR | ACCESS-DATE=2016-06-18, | 51 | km | URL=HTTP://WWW.TTC.CA/ABOUT_THE_TTC/OPERATING_STATISTICS/2012.JSP | PUBLISHER=TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION, | 708| 11 | Bombardier Flexity Outlook (Toronto)>Bombardier Flexity OutlookCANADIAN POST STAFF >DATE=29 DECEMBER 2019 | WORK=GLOBAL NEWS | ACCESS-DATE=1 JANUARY 2020, | Tram>Streetcar |
Second-generation streetcar systems
Newly built systems using modern streetcars have so far only opened in cities in the United States, and are summarized in the table below (listed in order of opening):{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center;“! width=“80px” | City/Area served! width=“40px” | Country! width=“40px” | State/Province! width=“185px” | Streetcar system! width=“40px” | Yearopened! Yearlastexpanded! width=“70px” data-sort-type=“number” | Systemlength! width=“40px” data-sort-type=“number” | Stops! width=“40px” data-sort-type=“number” | Lines! width=“130px” | Type of vehicle| Portland | USA}} | Oregon|name=OR}} | Portland Streetcar | URL=HTTP://WWW.PORTLANDSTREETCAR.ORG/NODE/33 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20131203013400/HTTP://WWW.PORTLANDSTREETCAR.ORG/NODE/33 | ACCESS-DATE=2016-02-27, Portland Streetcar, Inc., | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-08-06 | PUBLISHER=PORTLAND STREETCAR, INC., | 7.35 | km|abbr=on}}| 76| 2| Å koda 10 T, Inekon Trams 12-Trio, United Streetcar 100 |
| Seattle | USA}} | WA}} | Seattle Streetcar| 2007 | DATE=JANUARY 22, 2016 | WORK=THE SEATTLE TIMES | ACCESS-DATE=2016-01-22, | 3.8 | km | ACCESS-DATE=2013-06-30 | ACCESS-DATE=2016-02-02, Seattle Streetcar, | ACCESS-DATE=2016-02-27, Seattle Streetcar, | 2| Inekon Trams 12-Trio, Trio Type 121 |
| Salt Lake City | USA}} | Utah|name=UT}} | S Line| 2013| n/a | 2.0 | km | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-14, Sugar House Streetcar, | 7| 1| Siemens S70 |
| Tucson | USA}} | Arizona|name=AZ}} | Sun Link| 2014| n/a | 3.9 | km | ACCESS-DATE=2014-07-26 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-09-07 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | 22| 1| United Streetcar 200 |
| Atlanta | USA}} | Georgia (U.S. state)|name=GA}} | Atlanta Streetcar| 2014| n/a | 2.7 | km | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2014-10-29 | PUBLISHER=ATLANTA STREETCAR, | 12| 1| Siemens S70 |
| Dallas | USA}} | Texas|name=TX}} | Dallas Streetcar | DATE=APRIL 14, 2015 | PAGE=1B | THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS >URL=HTTP://WWW.DALLASNEWS.COM/NEWS/COMMUNITY-NEWS/BEST-SOUTHWEST/HEADLINES/20150413-DOWNTOWN-OAK-CLIFF-STREETCAR-DEBUTS-WITH-SPEECHES-CURIOUS-RIDERS.ECE | ACCESS-DATE=2015-04-15 | ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-08-19, | WORK=KTVT | ACCESS-DATE=2016-09-10, | 2.45 | km | URL=HTTPS://WWW.DART.ORG/RIDING/DALLASSTREETCAR.ASP | PUBLISHER=DALLAS AREA RAPID TRANSIT, | 6| 1 | Brookville Liberty Modern Streetcar>Brookville LibertyCRUM >FIRST=WILLIAM | TITLE=CZECH COMPANY IS LEADING CONTENDER TO BUILD MAPS 3 STREETCARS | THE OKLAHOMAN >LOCATION=OKLAHOMA CITY, OK | ACCESS-DATE=2015-01-10, “Dallas signs Liberty deal”. Tramways & Urban Transit, May 2013, p. 166. |
| Charlotte | USA}} | North Carolina|name=NC}} | CityLynx Gold Line | GOLD LINE | ACCESS-DATE=2017-02-09, Charlotte Area Transit System, | 2015| 2021 | 4.0 | km|abbr=on}}| 17| 1| Siemens S700 |
| Washington, D.C. | USA}} | District of Columbia|name=DC}} | DC Streetcar | DATE=FEBRUARY 27, 2016 | WORK=WASHINGTON POST | ACCESS-DATE=2016-02-27, | n/a | 2.4 | km | URL=HTTP://WWW.DCSTREETCAR.COM/PLANNING/HBENNING/ | PUBLISHER=DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, District Department of Transportation (DDOT), | 8| 1 | Inekon Trams>Inekon 12-Trio; United Streetcar model 100 |
| Kansas City | USA}} | Missouri|name=MO}} | KC StreetcarKANSAS CITY IS ON THE MOVE WITH THE KC STREETCAR >URL=HTTP://KCSTREETCAR.ORG/ABOUT-STREETCAR/ | WEBSITE=KCSTREETCAR.ORG, KC Downtown Streetcar, | DATE=MAY 6, 2016 | WORK=THE KANSAS CITY STAR | ACCESS-DATE=2016-05-07, | n/a | 2.2 | km | DATE=JANUARY 7, 2014 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.ASCE.ORG/MAGAZINE/20140107-KC-STREETCAR-LINE-TO-LINK-IMPORTANT-DOWNTOWN-DISTRICTS/ | PUBLISHER=AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (ASCE), 2018-11-06, | 16| 1 | CAF Urbos#CAF Urbos 3>CAF Urbos 3>DATE=OCTOBER 8, 2013 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.METRO-REPORT.COM/NEWS/SINGLE-VIEW/VIEW/CAF-TO-SUPPLY-KANSAS-CITY-STREETCARS.HTML | METRO REPORT INTERNATIONAL >PUBLISHER=DVV MEDIA UK LTD, 2018-11-06, |
| Cincinnati | USA}} | OH}} | Cincinnati Bell Connector2016 >TITLE=CINCINNATI BELL CONNECTOR | ACCESS-DATE=2016-09-10, City of Cincinnati, | DATE=SEPTEMBER 9, 2016 | WORK=THE CINCINNATI ENQUIRER | ACCESS-DATE=2016-09-10, | n/a | 3.6 | km | URL=HTTP://WWW.CINCINNATI-OH.GOV/STREETCAR/DESIGN-ROUTE/ | PUBLISHER=CITY OF CINCINNATI, | 18| 1 | CAF Urbos#CAF Urbos 3>CAF Urbos 3 |
| Detroit | USA}} | MI}} | QLineQLINE DETROIT >URL=HTTPS://QLINEDETROIT.COM/ | PUBLISHER=M-1 RAIL, | LAST2=ALLEN | DATE=MAY 12, 2017 | WORK=DETROIT FREE PRESS | ACCESS-DATE=2017-05-13, | n/a | 3.3 | km|abbr=on}}| 20| 1 | Brookville Liberty Modern Streetcar>Brookville LibertyLAWRENCE >FIRST=ERIC D. | TITLE=DETROIT’S QLINE STREETCAR: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW | DETROIT FREE PRESS >URL=HTTP://WWW.FREEP.COM/STORY/NEWS/LOCAL/MICHIGAN/DETROIT/2017/05/08/WHAT-YOU-NEED-TO-KNOW-RIGHT-NOW-ABOUT-QLINE/101345188/, 2017-05-13, |
| Milwaukee | USA}} | WI}} | The Hop (streetcar) | THE HOP MKE STREETCAR | ACCESS-DATE=2018-11-05, City of Milwaukee DPW, | DATE=NOVEMBER 2, 2018 | WORK=MILWAUKEE BUSINESS JOURNAL | AMERICAN CITY BUSINESS JOURNALS >URL=HTTPS://WWW.BIZJOURNALS.COM/MILWAUKEE/NEWS/2018/11/02/MILWAUKEE-STREETCAR-DRAWS-A-CROWD-ON-FIRST-DAY-OF.HTML, 2018-11-02, | 2024 | 2.5 | km | date=April 2024}} | date=April 2024}}| 2 | Brookville Liberty Modern Streetcar>Brookville LibertyVANTUONO >FIRST=WILLIAM C. | TITLE=BROOKVILLE STREETCARS FOR MILWAUKEE | RAILWAY AGE >URL=HTTP://WWW.RAILWAYAGE.COM/INDEX.PHP/PASSENGER/LIGHT-RAIL/BROOKVILLE-STREETCARS-FOR-MILWAUKEE.HTML, July 12, 2017, |
| Oklahoma City | USA}} | Oklahoma|name=OK}} | Oklahoma City StreetcarOKLAHOMA CITY STREETCAR >URL=HTTP://OKCSTREETCAR.COM/ | WEBSITE=OKCSTREETCAR.COM | EMBARK (TRANSIT AUTHORITY)>EMBARK, | DATE=14 DECEMBER 2018 | WORK=THE OKLAHOMAN | URL=HTTPS://NEWSOK.COM/ARTICLE/5617756/SPEECHES-HOLIDAY-CAROLS-CONFETTI-USHER-IN-NEW-ERA-FOR-OKLAHOMA-CITY-TRANSIT, 2018-12-14, | n/a | 4.8 | km | PUBLISHER=CITY OF OKLAHOMA CITY | ACCESS-DATE=2018-12-14 | TYPE=PRESS RELEASE, | 22| 2 | Brookville LibertyBARROW | DATE=MARCH 23, 2016 | WORK=INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY JOURNAL | URL=HTTP://WWW.RAILJOURNAL.COM/INDEX.PHP/LIGHT-RAIL/BROOKVILLE-TO-SUPPLY-LRVS-FOR-OKLAHOMA-STREETCAR.HTML, July 12, 2017, |
| Tempe | USA}} | Arizona|name=AZ}} | Tempe Streetcar | TITLE=TEMPE STREETCAR SERVICE LAUNCHES WITH FREE RIDES TO BE PROVIDED FOR FIRST YEAR | KTAR-FM >URL=HTTPS://KTAR.COM/STORY/5067304/TEMPE-STREETCAR-SERVICE-LAUNCHES-WITH-FREE-RIDES-TO-BE-PROVIDED-FOR-FIRST-YEAR/ | ACCESS-DATE=2022-05-22 | ARCHIVE-DATE=MAY 21, 2022, | n/a | 3.44 | km | abbr=on}}| 14| 1 | Brookville Liberty Modern Streetcar>Brookville LibertyJUNE 19, 2017 >TITLE=BROOKVILLE CONTRACTED TO DESIGN, BUILD SIX OFF-WIRE CAPABLE LIBERTY STREETCAR VEHICLES FOR VALLEY METRO | AGENCY=BROOKVILLE EQUIPMENT CORPORATION | ACCESS-DATE=12 JULY 2017, |
United States
File:Portland Streetcar B-Loop car on Broadway Bridge (2016).jpg|thumb|left|Opened in 2001, the Portland StreetcarPortland StreetcarIn 2001, Portland, Oregon, which already had a successful light rail system (MAX), became the first city in the North America in more than 50 years to open a new streetcar system served by modern vehicles,JOURNAL, Taplin, M. R., October 2001, Return of the (modern) streetcar: Portland leads the way,www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html, Tramways & Urban Transit, Hersham, Surrey, UK, Ian Allan Publishing Ltd, 1460-8324, 2013-07-07, 2013-09-27,www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130927202015www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130927202015www.lrta.org/mag/articles/art0110.html, dead, NEWS, July 19, 2001, Portland streetcars--something old, something new, Portland Business Journal,portland.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2001/07/16/daily30.html, 2009-12-07, with the opening of the Portland Streetcar. It uses low-floor cars built in the Czech Republic, but the system’s first U.S.-assembled streetcar was delivered in 2009.NEWS, Brugger, Joe, July 1, 2009, Transportation secretary watches as ‘Made in USA’ streetcar makes debut, The Oregonian,www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/07/transportation_secretary_watch.html, 2009-12-07, The line serves as a downtown circulator between the central city core, the Pearl District and Northwest Portland, Portland State University, and in 2005 was extended to the South Waterfront district, a new mixed-use development along the Willamette River shoreline. Running almost entirely on streets and without any separation from other traffic on most sections, it complements the MAX light rail system, which covers much longer distances and serves as a regional, higher-capacity rail system for the metropolitan area. The MAX system also runs along streets in central Portland, but is separated from traffic (other than buses) even in those areas, via reserved light-rail-only lanes. Construction of a second streetcar line, to the city’s east side, began in 2009,WEB, Foden-Vencil, Kristian, August 10, 2009, Portland Streetcar Begins Work on Next Extension,news.opb.org/article/5587-street-car-starts-next-extension/, August 7, 2013, Oregon Public Broadcasting, and the new line opened in September 2012.NEWS, Redden, Jim, September 20, 2012, Track Town heads east: Streetcar’s new eastside loop already spurring development, Portland Tribune,portlandtribune.com/pt/9-news/115470-track-town-heads-east, August 7, 2013, August 1, 2018,web.archive.org/web/20180801190552/https://portlandtribune.com/pt/9-news/115470-track-town-heads-east, dead, The new Portland system and several of the new heritage streetcar systems have been intended, in part, as a way of influencing property development in the corridors served, in such a way as to increase density while attracting residents interested in relatively car-free living.NEWS, Schneider, Keith, October 24, 2007, A streetcar named development, The New York Times,www.nytimes.com/2007/10/24/automobiles/autospecial/24streetcar.html?_r=2&scp=9&sq=Portland%20transit&st=cse, 2009-12-07, The Portland Streetcar is considered to have been very successful in this regard.WEB, January 2006, Portland Streetcar Development-Oriented Transit,www.portlandstreetcar.org/pdf/development.pdf, dead,www.portlandstreetcar.org/pdf/development.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20091222042250www.portlandstreetcar.org/pdf/development.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20091222042250www.portlandstreetcar.org/pdf/development.pdf, 2009-12-22, 2009-12-07, Portland Streetcar, Portland Streetcar, Inc., File:Streetcar 301 in South Lake Union, Seattle.jpg|thumb|right|Established in 2007, the Seattle StreetcarSeattle StreetcarThe second “second-generation” streetcar system opened in North America was in 2007, in Seattle,NEWS, Seattle Times Staff, December 12, 2007, Streetcar starts service, The Seattle Times,seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004067638_webstreetcar12m.html, 2009-12-07, where the city’s transportation department led the project to construct the South Lake Union Streetcar, but contracted with local transit authority King County Metro to operate the service. Connecting the neighborhood south of Lake Union with the transit core of downtown Seattle, it operates every 15 minutes and is served by three low-floor streetcars of the same type as some of those in Portland. Residents of the area began referring to the system as the “South Lake Union Trolley” giving it the amusing but unfortunate acronym of “SLUT”.NEWS, Murakami, Kery, September 18, 2007, SLUT -- Streetcar’s unfortunate acronym seems here to stay, The Seattle Post-Intelligencer,www.seattlepi.com/local/332081_slut18.html, dead, 2008-01-26,www.seattlepi.com/local/332081_slut18.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090623042550www.seattlepi.com/local/332081_slut18.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090623042550www.seattlepi.com/local/332081_slut18.html, June 23, 2009, A line serving First Hill opened in January 2016 and feeds Central Link, the light rail system that opened in 2009. Construction of an extension that will connect the two linesNEWS, Lindblom, Mike, December 29, 2016, First Avenue streetcar work starts in January, linking South Lake Union and First Hill, The Seattle Times,www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/transportation/linking-south-lake-union-first-hill-first-avenue-streetcar-work-starts-in-january/, January 9, 2017, is set to begin in early 2018.WEB, March 16, 2017, Center City Connector Schematic Design Update,www.seattlestreetcar.org/docs/C3_SDC%20Presentation_2017-03-16.pdf,web.archive.org/web/20170327165529/https://seattlestreetcar.org/docs/C3_SDC%20Presentation_2017-03-16.pdf, March 27, 2017, November 19, 2017, Seattle Department of Transportation, 7, A new rail line which opened in Tacoma, Washington in 2003, Tacoma Link, is sometimes referred to as a streetcar line because of its short length and use of single vehicles (rather than trains) of the same type as the low-floor streetcars used in Portland. However, the line is separated from other traffic over most of its length, making it a light rail line, which is what its operator (Sound Transit) considers it to be.WEB, Schedules: Tacoma Link light rail,www.soundtransit.org/tacomalink, 2016-01-13, Sound Transit,In development
Some 70 U.S. cities have studied the idea of bringing back streetcars as transit, although to date the number that have come to fruition has been small. In the 2000s, one factor in this was lack of funding support for streetcar development from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) under the Bush administration.NEWS, Rivera, Dylan, December 27, 2007, Federal rules prefer buses over streetcar expansion, The Oregonian,www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2007/12/federal_rules_prefer_buses_ove.html, 2009-12-07, NEWS, Rivera, Dylan, October 22, 2009, U.S. inks deal for millions for Portland Streetcar, pledges more nationwide, The Oregonian,www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/10/us_inks_deal_for_millions_for.html, August 7, 2013, However, under the Obama administration, the FTA indicated it would provide funding for streetcar projects in cities interested in building new systems.PRESS RELEASE, U.S. Transportation Secretary Announces $280 Million for Streetcars, December 1, 2009, United States Department of Transportation,www.dot.gov/affairs/2009/dot18509.htm, August 7, 2013,www.dot.gov/affairs/2009/dot18509.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20100309050252www.dot.gov/affairs/2009/dot18509.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20100309050252www.dot.gov/affairs/2009/dot18509.htm, March 9, 2010, WEB, July 1, 2009, Transportation Secretary Rides Portland Streetcar,news.opb.org/article/5342-transportation-secretary-rides-portland-streetcar/, August 7, 2013, Oregon Public Broadcasting, July 6, 2009,fastlane.dot.gov/2009/07/portland-streetcar-suits-this-livable-community.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090706153300fastlane.dot.gov/2009/07/portland-streetcar-suits-this-livable-community.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090706153300fastlane.dot.gov/2009/07/portland-streetcar-suits-this-livable-community.html, dead, “Obama loosens LRT funding regulations” (March 2010). Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, p. 84.Under construction
The following table lists the new modern streetcar systems that are currently under construction:{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center;“! City/Area served! width=“40px” | State! width=“200px” | System! Plannedopening! width=“125px” data-sort-type=“number” | System length! Type of vehicle| Orange County | California|name=CA}} | OC Streetcar2015 >TITLE=OC STREETCAR | ACCESS-DATE=2016-02-27, Orange County Transportation Authority, | DATE=7 JULY 2021 | AGENCY=LOS ANGELES TIMES | ACCESS-DATE=7 JULY 2021, STAGGS >FIRST=BROOKE | TITLE=SOME REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS OPPOSE FEDERAL MONEY FOR OC STREETCAR | URL=HTTPS://WWW.OCREGISTER.COM/2021/03/10/SOME-REPUBLICANS-IN-CONGRESS-OPPOSE-FEDERAL-MONEY-FOR-OC-STREETCAR/ | URL=HTTPS://WWW.MASSTRANSITMAG.COM/MANAGEMENT/PRESS-RELEASE/21228806/ORANGE-COUNTY-TRANSPORTATION-AUTHORITY-OCTA-OCTA-CELEBRATES-30-YEARS-KEEPING-ORANGE-COUNTY-MOVING | AGENCY=MASS TRANSIT, | 4.1 | km | abbr=on}} | Siemens S700VANTUONO | DATE=MARCH 28, 2018 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.RAILWAYAGE.COM/PASSENGER/LIGHT-RAIL/SIEMENS-SELECTED-OC-STREETCAR/ | PUBLISHER=RAILWAY AGE, BRAZIL >FIRST=BEN | TITLE=$220-MILLION CONTRACT TO BUILD MODERN STREETCAR LINE IN ORANGE COUNTY | URL=HTTP://WWW.LATIMES.COM/LOCAL/LANOW/LA-ME-OC-STREETCAR-20180927-STORY.HTML | name=retroactive-rebrand | TITLE=SIEMENS REBADGES NORTH AMERICAN LOW-FLOOR CARS | WORK=TRAMWAYS & URBAN TRANSIT | ISSUE=993 | ISSN=1460-8324, }} |
| Omaha | Nebraska|name=NE}} | Omaha StreetcarSTEVE >FIRST1=LIEWER | URL=HTTPS://OMAHA.COM/NEWS/LOCAL/OMAHAS-440-MILLION-STREETCAR-PROJECT-KICKS-OFF-WITH-DIGGING-LANE-CLOSURES-ON-FARNAM/ARTICLE_53BB866E-5723-11EE-90C4-A399D6309091.HTML | AGENCY=OMAHA HERALD, September 20, 2023, | 2026–2027 | 3.0 | km | abbr=on}} | CAF Urbos>CAF Urbos 3WRITER >FIRST=STEVE LIEWER WORLD-HERALD STAFF | TITLE=SOLE BID FOR OMAHA STREETCAR TRAMS IS $47.6 MILLION | ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-09 | LANGUAGE=EN, |
Planned or proposed
In addition to the streetcar systems currently under construction, a number of additional streetcar systems are in the planning stages in the United States.WEB, APTA Streetcar and Heritage Trolley Site – Future Systems,www.heritagetrolley.org/PlannedSystems.htm, 2014-09-15, American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and the Seashore Trolley Museum, Examples of cities with streetcar systems in the active planning stages include Los Angeles,NEWS, Broverman, Neal, September 3, 2014, LA Could Bring in Private Partner on Downtown Streetcar, Curbed Los Angeles,la.curbed.com/archives/2014/09/la_could_bring_in_private_partner_on_downtown_streetcar.php, 2014-09-15, New York City,See:- WEB, Goldensohn, Rosa, February 4, 2016, Sneak peek at de Blasio streetcar’s likely Queens-Brooklyn route,www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20160204/BLOGS04/160209907/sneak-peek-at-de-blasio-streetcars-likely-queens-brooklyn-route, 2016-02-08, Crain’s New York Business,
- WEB,www.capitalnewyork.com/sites/default/files/Brooklyn%20Queens%20Connector%20Rapid%20Assessment.pdf, Brooklyn-Queens Connector – Streetcar/Light Rail Rapid Assessment, Capitalnewyork.com, Friends of the Brooklyn-Queens Connector, 2015-04-29, dead,www.capitalnewyork.com/sites/default/files/Brooklyn%20Queens%20Connector%20Rapid%20Assessment.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20160423214248www.capitalnewyork.com/sites/default/files/Brooklyn%20Queens%20Connector%20Rapid%20Assessment.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20160423214248www.capitalnewyork.com/sites/default/files/Brooklyn%20Queens%20Connector%20Rapid%20Assessment.pdf, 2016-04-23, Sacramento,WEB, 2014, Transportation Planning & Projects,portal.cityofsacramento.org/Public-Works/Transportation/Planning-Projects, 2014-09-15, City of Sacramento Department of Transportation, and Saint Paul.WEB, Melo, Fredrick, December 14, 2017, Panel approves St. Paul-to-airport streetcar concept, but much more work to come,www.twincities.com/2017/12/14/committee-approves-1-4-2-billion-riverview-corridor-from-st-paul-to-bloomington-clearing-major-hurdle/, December 18, 2017, Pioneer Press,
Heritage streetcar systems
File:San Francisco F line streetcars at Jones.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|Three PCCs on the San Francisco Municipal Railway’s F-line in 2003. Pictured are an example of one double-ended streetcar and two single-ended cars.]]File:CATA River Rail Heritage Streetcar.jpg|thumb|Metro Streetcar of Little Rock is one of several heritage streetcar lines established in the early 21st century.]]Heritage streetcar systems are sometimes used in public transit service, combining light rail efficiency with tourists’ nostalgia interests. Proponents claim that using a simple, reliable form of transit from 50 or 100 years ago can bring history to life for 21st century visitors.Prior to 2001, the new streetcar systems that opened in North America had been heritage lines, alternatively known as vintage trolley or {{’}}historic{{’}} trolley lines. Several cities built new heritage streetcar lines, starting from the 1980s onward. Some heritage systems operate only with limited hours, and/or only on weekends, or seasonally, and thus are simply tourist- or history-oriented excursion services. Other heritage systems operate daily, running throughout the entire day, year-round, thus providing true public transit service.New heritage streetcar systems providing daily, year-round service included ones opened in Seattle (the Waterfront Streetcar – opened in 1982, but closed in 2005), Galveston (1988, service suspended in 2008 after Hurricane Ike), but reopened in 2021, Dallas (McKinney Avenue Transit Authority) (1989), Memphis (1993) and Kenosha, Wisconsin (2000). Other new heritage streetcar lines have opened in Tampa in 2002 and Little Rock in 2004. All of these were newly constructed systems, but all have been served by historic streetcars or replicas of historic streetcars. The El Paso Streetcar is a new heritage system that opened in November 2018, using six restored PCC streetcars that have survived from the city’s previous streetcar system,NEWS, November 9, 2018, El Paso streetcars make their return after 45-year absence, El Paso Times,www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2018/11/09/el-paso-streetcars-make-return-after-45-year-absence/1947542002/, 2018-11-10, which closed in 1974,NEWS, Perez, Elida S., March 11, 2018, Downtown El Paso streetcars roll closer to completion; Sun Metro prepares to take over, El Paso Times,www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/03/11/el-paso-streetcar-project-closer-completion-sun-metro/385896002/, 2018-11-10, but serving a new route.Systems offering regular public transit
The following two tables list all of the currently operating heritage streetcar systems offering regular public transit service:{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center;“|+ New heritage streetcar systems:| Dallas | USA}} | Texas|name=TX}} | McKinney Avenue Transit Authority| 1989 | DATE=MAY 4, 2015 | WORK=THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS | ACCESS-DATE=2014-05-05, | 4.6 | km|abbr=on}}| 40| 1| [various] |
| El Paso | USA}} | Texas|name=TX}} | El Paso Streetcar2018 >TITLE=STREETCAR | ACCESS-DATE=2018-11-10, Sun Metro, | TITLE=INAUGURATION CEREMONY OFFICIALLY RESTARTS EL PASO STREETCAR SERVICE FRIDAY | EL PASO HERALD-POST >URL=HTTPS://ELPASOHERALDPOST.COM/INAUGURATION-CEREMONY-OFFICIALLY-RESTARTS-EL-PASO-STREETCAR-SERVICE-FRIDAY/ | ARCHIVE-DATE=2021-02-25 | URL-STATUS=DEAD, | n/a | 4.8 | km|abbr=on}}| 27| 2| restored PCC streetcars |
| Little Rock | USA}} | Arkansas|name=AR}} | Metro Streetcar (formerly River Rail Streetcar)2015 >TITLE=RIVER RAIL ELECTRIC STREETCAR / METRO STREETCAR | ACCESS-DATE=2015-12-31, Rock Region Metro, | URL=HTTPS://RRMETRO.ORG/ABOUT/LEARN-MORE/FACTS/ | PUBLISHER=ROCK REGION METRO, | 2007 | 3.4 | km|abbr=on}} | URL=HTTP://WWW.RRMETRO.ORG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/RIVER-RAIL-SYSTEM-MAP.PNG | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20151017175036/HTTP://WWW.RRMETRO.ORG/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/RIVER-RAIL-SYSTEM-MAP.PNG | ACCESS-DATE=2015-12-31 | ROCK REGION METRO >TYPE=PNG, | 2| Birney-type streetcars |
| Memphis | USA}} | Tennessee|name=TN}} | MATA Trolley2013 >TITLE=MATA - MEMPHIS AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY - TROLLEY HISTORY | ACCESS-DATE=2013-08-18 | MEMPHIS AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY>MEMPHIS AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY (MATA) | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180625185738/HTTP://WWW.MATATRANSIT.COM/TROLLEYS/TROLLEY-HISTORY, dead, | 1993| 2004 | 6.3 | km|abbr=on}} | URL=HTTP://WWW.MATATRANSIT.COM/SERVICES/TROLLEYS/TROLLEY-MAP/ | PUBLISHER=MEMPHIS AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY, Memphis Area Transit Authority (MATA), | 1| [various], plus replicas from Gomaco Trolley Company |
| Tampa | USA}} | FL}} | TECO Line Streetcar2012 >TITLE=TECO LINE STREETCAR SYSTEM – STREETCAR SYSTEM | ACCESS-DATE=2013-07-02, TECOline Streetcar System, | 2002| 2010 | 2.7 | km|abbr=on}} | URL=HTTP://WWW.TECOLINESTREETCAR.ORG/ABOUT/MAPS/DOWNTOWN_NETWORK.PDF | PUBLISHER=HILLSBOROUGH AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY (HART), | 1| Birney-type streetcars |
| Philadelphia | USA}} | PA}} | SEPTA Route 15 (Girard Avenue Trolley)| 2005| 2012 | 8.4 | km|abbr=on}}| 48| 1| SEPTA PCC II |
| San Francisco | {{flag|USA}} | {{flag|CA}} | F Market & Wharves2013 >TITLE=HISTORIC OF MARKET STREET RAILWAY | ACCESS-DATE=2013-06-30, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, | URL=HTTP://WWW.STREETCAR.ORG/ABOUT/HISTORY.HTML | PUBLISHER=MARKET STREET RAILWAY, | 2000 | 6.2 | km|abbr=on}}| 32| 1 | PCC streetcars and ATM Class 1500>ex-Milan Peter Witt streetcars |
| E EmbarcaderoE EMBARCADERO HISTORIC STREETCAR LINE >URL=HTTPS://WWW.SFMTA.COM/PROJECTS-PLANNING/PROJECTS/E-EMBARCADERO-HISTORIC-STREETCAR-LINE | PUBLISHER=SAN FRANCISCO MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCY, | 2015| n/a| | 18| 1| Double-ended PCC streetcars |
Closed systems
File:VancouverTram.jpg|thumb|upright|right|A historic tram from 1905 which operated again in Vancouver, British ColumbiaBritish Columbia- The heritage Detroit Downtown Trolley in Detroit, Michigan, operated from 1976 until 2003. The Detroit trolley faced a steep decline in ridership after the Detroit People Mover system was installed in 1987. The carbarn for the former narrow gauge trolley was demolished in 2004, and the tracks have subsequently been removed.
- The Waterfront Streetcar in Seattle, Washington, was a heritage line that operated from 1982 until 2005, when the line’s carbarn was demolished to make room for the Olympic Sculpture Park.
- Operations on the Galveston Island Trolley heritage system, suspended since September 2008, due to extensive damage caused by Hurricane Ike, were restarted on October 1, 2021, running on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.NEWS, Simone, Sydney, October 1, 2021, Historic Galveston Trolley opens after being closed since Hurricane Ike, KIAH,cw39.com/traffic/historic-galveston-trolley-opens-after-being-closed-since-hurricane-ike/, live, October 8, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211006213643/https://cw39.com/traffic/historic-galveston-trolley-opens-after-being-closed-since-hurricane-ike/, October 6, 2021, WEB, Rouege, Ciara, October 1, 2021, Back on track: Rail trolleys returning to Galveston today, and the first weekend will be free,www.khou.com/article/news/local/rail-trolleys-returning-to-galveston-island-october-2021/285-19f73d1b-f3a5-44a4-b38f-6b839900ac79, live,web.archive.org/web/20211006233644/https://www.khou.com/article/news/local/rail-trolleys-returning-to-galveston-island-october-2021/285-19f73d1b-f3a5-44a4-b38f-6b839900ac79, October 6, 2021, October 8, 2021, KHOU, original date September 27,
- Vancouver, British Columbia had the Vancouver Downtown Historic Railway which was a tourist-based heritage system that opened in 1998 and which used to operate on weekends and holidays from May to mid-October; however, the system closed in 2012, most likely permanently.
- The Waterfront Red Car in the San Pedro section of Los Angeles, California, was a heritage line that operated from 2003 until closure in 2015 due to the realignment of Sampson Way leading into Ports O’ Call Village.NEWS, Walton, Alice, September 25, 2015, End of the line for a remnant of Southern California’s Red Car service, Los Angeles Times,www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-san-pedro-red-car-20150926-story.html, 2015-12-09, NEWS, Littlejohn, Donna, March 19, 2015, Has San Pedro’s waterfront Red Car reached the end of the line?, Daily Breeze,www.dailybreeze.com/general-news/20150319/has-san-pedros-waterfront-red-car-reached-the-end-of-the-line, 2015-12-09, Restoring trackage was deemed cost prohibitive.
- Operations on the tourist-oriented heritage River Street Streetcar in Savannah, Georgia have been suspended since 2016, officially on a temporary basis and due to interfering construction works. It is unclear when, if ever, the service will resume.WEB, April 4, 2016, Where’s Dottie?,www.connectonthedot.com/wheres-dottie/, Savannah Mobility Management, Inc.,
- From 2015 to July 2019, the CityLynx Gold Line in Charlotte operated with replica heritage streetcars sourced from the former Charlotte Trolley. The streetcars were withdrawn from service in July 2019, and will be retired and sold after their replacement with modern vehicles in early 2021.WEB, 2020, CityLynx Gold Line Phase 2 FAQ,charlottenc.gov/Projects/Documents/GL2%20FAQ_v2.pdf, January 30, 2021, Charlotte Area Transportation System,
- Other tourist-oriented heritage trolley systems that have closed are the Charlotte Trolley (1996–2010), the Portland Vintage Trolley (1991–2014), the Whitehorse Waterfront Trolley (2000–2019), and the Old Pueblo Trolley (1993–2011) in Tucson, Arizona.
List of primarily tourist heritage systems in North America
The following table lists primarily tourist-oriented heritage streetcar systems (i.e. systems not designed primarily for public transit – and thus heritage systems that often operate only seasonally):{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="text-align:center;“! width=“80px” | City/Area served! width=“40px” | Country! width=“40px” | State/Province! width=“185px” | Heritage streetcar system! width=“40px” | Yearopened! width=“100px” data-sort-type=“number” | Systemlength! class=“unsortable” | Remarks| Astoria | USA}} | Oregon|name=OR}} | Astoria Riverfront Trolley2014 >TITLE=ASTORIA RIVERFRONT TROLLEY OLD 300 | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-23, Astoria Riverfront Trolley Association, | 1999 | 3 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| Denver | USA}} | CO}} | Platte Valley TrolleyAUGUST 2014 >TITLE=PLATTE VALLEY TROLLEYâ„¢ | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-23, Denver Tramway Heritage Society, | 1989 | 1.2 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| Edmonton | CAN}} | Alberta|name=AB}} | High Level Bridge StreetcarHIGH LEVEL BRIDGE STREETCAR >URL=HTTP://WWW.EDMONTON-RADIAL-RAILWAY.AB.CA/HIGHLEVELBRIDGE/ | PUBLISHER=EDMONTON RADIAL RAILWAY SOCIETY, | 1979 | 1.9 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| El Reno | USA}} | Oklahoma|name=OK}} | El Reno Heritage Express | HERITAGE EXPRESS TROLLEY | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2014-08-26 | WEBSITE=ELRENOTOURISM.ORG | DATE=MAY 17, 2007 | URL=HTTP://WEB.PRESBY.EDU/~JTBELL/TRANSIT/ELRENO/ | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130522071245/HTTP://WEB.PRESBY.EDU/~JTBELL/TRANSIT/ELRENO/ | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-23, Jon Bell, | 2001 | 0.9 | km|abbr=on}} | ||||
| Fort Collins | USA}} | CO}} | Fort Collins Municipal RailwayJULY 21, 2014 >TITLE=FORT COLLINS MUNICIPAL RAILWAY | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-23, Fort Collins Municipal Railway Society, | 1984 | 1.5 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| Fort Smith | USA}} | Arkansas|name=AR}} | Fort Smith Trolley Museum | 2012 | URL=HTTP://WWW.FSTM.ORG | PUBLISHER=FORT SMITH STREETCAR RESTORATION ASSOCIATION, | 1991 | 0.75 | km | sigfig=1}}“Museum News” (December 2016). Tramways & Urban Transit, p. 496. UK: LRTA Publishing. {{issn|1460-8324}} | ||||||||
| Kenosha | USA}} | WI}} | Streetcars in Kenosha, Wisconsin | STREETCAR ROUTE MAP | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=JANUARY 13, 2017 | PUBLISHER=KENOSHA STREETCARS TODAY, Kenosha Streetcar Society, | 2000 | 2.0 | km|abbr=on}} | ||||||||
| Lowell | USA}} | MA}} | Lowell National Historical Park streetcarFEBRUARY 2013 >TITLE=APTA STREETCAR AND HERITAGE TROLLEY SITE - LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-23 | AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ASSOCIATION (APTA) AND THE SEASHORE TROLLEY MUSEUM, NOVEMBER 23, 2011 | URL=HTTP://WWW.RAILWAYPRESERVATION.COM/VINTAGETROLLEY/LOWELL.HTM | WEBSITE=U.S. STREETCAR SYSTEMS WEBSITE, RPR Inc., | 1984 | 1.2 | km|abbr=on}} | ||||||||
| Minneapolis | USA}} | MN}} | Como-Harriet Streetcar Line2014 >TITLE=THE COMO-HARRIET STREETCAR LINE | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-DATE=2014-08-26 | PUBLISHER=MINNESOTA STREETCAR MUSEUM, | 1971 | 1 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||
| Nelson | CAN}} | British Columbia|name=BC}} | Nelson Electric TramwayAUGUST 9, 2014 >TITLE=THE NELSON ELECTRIC TRAMWAY SOCIETY | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-24, The Nelson Electric Tramway Society, | 1992 | 0.75 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| Portland | USA}} | Oregon|name=OR}} | Willamette Shore Trolley2015 >TITLE=WILLAMETTE SHORE TROLLEY | ACCESS-DATE=2015-12-06, Oregon Electric Railway Historical Society, | 1990 | 6 | km|abbr=on}} | |||||||||||
| St. Louis | USA}} | Missouri|name=MO}} | Loop TrolleyTHE LOOP TROLLEY >URL=HTTP://WWW.LOOPTROLLEY.COM | PUBLISHER=LOOP TROLLEY COMPANY, | TITLE=LOOP TROLLEY OPENS TO PUBLIC, IS UNABLE TO OPERATE IN DELMAR LOOP | KMOV >PUBLISHER=MEREDITH CORPORATION | URL-STATUS=DEAD | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20181119034328/HTTPS://WWW.KMOV.COM/NEWS/LOOP-TROLLEY-OPENS-TO-PUBLIC-IS-UNABLE-TO-OPERATE-IN/ARTICLE_59332E0E-E9EA-11E8-92FB-F7AE889D3B43.HTML | DATE=AUGUST 4, 2022 | WORK=ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH | URL-STATUS=LIVE | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220806092231/HTTPS://WWW.STLTODAY.COM/NEWS/LOCAL/GOVT-AND-POLITICS/LOOP-TROLLEY-STARTS-ANEW-IN-ST-LOUIS-EVEN-ITS-RIDERS-DISAGREE-ON-ITS-WORTH/ARTICLE_A0EF8036-B13F-56A3-938E-135817B9C73D.HTML, August 6, 2022, | 2.2 | km|abbr=on}} | |||
| San Diego | USA}} | CA}} | San Diego Trolley Silver Line| 2011 | 2.7 | km|abbr=on}} | ||||||||||||
| Surrey | CAN}} | British Columbia|name=BC}} | Fraser Valley Historical Railway Society | FRASER VALLEY HERITAGE RAILWAY | ACCESS-DATE=2014-08-24, Fraser Valley Historical Railway Society, | 2013 | 4.6 | km|abbr=on}} | Seashore Trolley Museum is the world’s oldest and largest museum of mass transitmass transitUnlike a heritage system, a streetcar museum may offer little or no transport service. If there are working streetcars in a museum’s collection, any service provided may be seasonal, not follow a schedule, offer limited stops, service only remote areas, or otherwise differ from a regularly scheduled heritage line. Some North American streetcar museums include:{{col div}}
See alsoGeneral articles{{div col}} {{div col end}}System lists{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Specific systemsOperating{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Not operating{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Car builders and types{{see also|List of tram builders|Category:Tram vehicles of Canada|Category:Tram vehicles of Mexico|Category:Tram vehicles of the United States|Category:Tram manufacturers}}StructuresStanding{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Not standing{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
Notes{{notelist}}References{{Reflist}}External links{{Commons category|Trams in North America}}
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