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{{Short description|American businessman (1935–2020)}}{{Other people|Jack Welch}}{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}

factoids

| birth_place = Peabody, Massachusetts, U.S.2020111|19}}| death_place = New York City, New York, U.S.University of Massachusetts Amherst (Bachelor of Science>BS)University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy>PhD)Business executivewriter}}| title = Chairman & CEO of General Electric (1981–2001)Republican Party (United States)>Republican

• {{Marriage|Carolyn B. Osburn|1959|1987|end= divorced}}
• {{Marriage|Jane Beasley|1989|2003|end=divorced}}
• {{Marriage|Suzy Wetlaufer|2004}}

}}| children = 4| url =}}John Francis Welch Jr. (November 19, 1935 â€“ March 1, 2020) was an American business executive, chemical engineer, and writer. He was Chairman and CEO of General Electric (GE) between 1981 and 2001.When Welch retired from GE, he received a severance payment of $417 million, the largest such payment in business history up to that point.WEB, Jumbo Severance Packages for Top CEOs Are Growing, July 10, 2014, Green, Jeff, June 6, 2013, Bloomberg Businessweek,weblink {{dead link|date=March 2021}}{{cbignore}}In 2006, Welch's net worth was estimated at $720 million.WEB,weblink The 50 Wealthiest Bostonians, October 3, 2008, Storrs, Francis, March 2006, Boston (magazine), Boston magazine,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120210031054weblink">weblink February 10, 2012, dead,

Early life and education

Jack Welch was born in Peabody, Massachusetts, the only child of Grace (Andrews), a homemaker, and John Francis Welch Sr., a Boston & Maine Railroad conductor.WEB,weblink Jack Welch Fast Facts - CNN.com, CNN Library, December 27, 2012, CNN, Welch was Irish American and Catholic. His paternal and maternal grandparents were both Irish.Jack: Straight From The Gut, ({{ISBN|0-446-69068-6}})Throughout his early life in middle school and high school, Welch found work in the summers as a golf caddie, newspaper delivery boy, shoe salesman, and drill press operator. Welch attended Salem High School, where he participated in baseball, football, and captained the hockey team and became second lieutenant right after graduatingLate in his senior year, Welch was accepted to University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he studied chemical engineering. Welch worked in chemical engineering at Sunoco and PPG Industries during his college summers. In his sophomore year, he became a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity. Welch graduated in 1957 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering, turning down offers from several companies in order to attend graduate school at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He graduated from the University of Illinois, in 1960, with a master's and a PhD in chemical engineering.John F. Welch, "Microscopic Study of Dropwise Condensation", PhD Thesis, University of Illinois, 1961WEB,weblink Past Leaders, December 7, 2012, May 14, 2014, WEB,weblink Past Leaders, December 7, 2012, May 14, 2014,

General Electric

Welch joined General Electric in 1960. He worked as a junior chemical engineer in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, at a salary of $10,500, which would be equivalent to approximately $90,000 in 2018 dollars. In 1961, Welch planned to quit his job as junior engineer because he was dissatisfied with the raise offered to him and was unhappy with the bureaucracy he observed at GE. Welch was persuaded to remain at GE by Reuben Gutoff, an executive at the company, who promised him that he would help create the small-company atmosphere Welch desired.WEB,weblink How Jack Welch Runs GE, Businessweek.com, May 28, 1998, July 12, 2010, In 1963, an explosion at the factory which was under Welch's management blew off the roof of the facilities, and he was almost fired for that episode.WEB,weblink Failure 101: A class students could use, November 5, 2009, NBC News, November 9, 2009, New York City, By 1968, Welch became the vice president and head of GE's plastics division, which at the time was a $26 million operation for GE. Welch oversaw production as well as the marketing for the GE-developed plastics Lexan and Noryl. Not long after, in 1971, Welch also became the vice president of GE's metallurgical and chemical divisions.WEB, Borjas, Thomas, Jack Welch 1935,weblink October 2, 2014, By 1973, Welch was named group executive, managing chemical, metallurgical, medical systems, appliance components and electronic components businesses. He held that position until 1979, which involved him working with the corporate headquarters, exposing him to many of the "big fish" he would one day be among.BOOK, Welch, Jack, Byrne, John. A., Jack: Straight from the gut, 2001, Warner, New York, 0-446-69068-6,weblink In 1977 Welch was named senior vice president and head of Consumer Products and Services Division, a position he held until 1979 when he became the vice chairman of GE.In 1981, Welch became GE's youngest chairman and CEO, succeeding Reginald H. Jones. By 1982, Welch had dismantled much of the earlier management put together by Jones with aggressive simplification and consolidation. One of his primary leadership directives was that GE had to be No. 1 or No. 2 in the industries it participated in.WEB, Jack Welch – Manager of the Century,weblink Anti Essays, September 29, 2014,

CEO

Through the 1980s, Welch sought to streamline GE. In 1981, he made a speech in New York City called "Growing fast in a slow-growth economy".Betsy Morris, 'Tearing up the Jack Welch playbook' (11.7.2006) Fortune at CNNmoney.com Under Welch's leadership, GE increased market value from $12 billion in 1981 to $410 billion when he retired,WEB,weblink GE website, John F. Welch, Jr., December 7, 2012, making 600 acquisitions while shifting into emerging markets. Welch pioneered a policy of informality at the work place, allowing all employees to have a small-business experience at a large corporation. Welch worked to eradicate perceived inefficiency by trimming inventories and dismantling the bureaucracy that had almost led him to leave GE in the past. He closed factories, reduced payrolls and cut lackluster units.WEB,weblink Jack Welch's Encore, Businessweek.com, June 14, 1997, July 12, 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100101031942weblink">weblink January 1, 2010, Welch valued surprise and made unexpected visits to GE's plants and offices. Welch popularized so-called "rank and yank" policies used now by other corporate entities. Each year, Welch would fire the bottom 10% of his managers, regardless of absolute performance.NEWS, Cohan, Peter, Why Stack Ranking Worked Better at GE Than Microsoft,weblink October 2, 2014, Forbes, He earned a reputation for brutal candor. He rewarded those in the top 20% with bonuses and employee stock options. He also broadened the stock options program at GE, extending availability from top executives to nearly one third of all employees. Welch is also known for abolishing the nine-layer management hierarchy.WEB, Jack Welch,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160315154648weblink">weblink dead, March 15, 2016, Advanced Business English, During the early 1980s he was dubbed "Neutron Jack" (in reference to the neutron bomb) for eliminating employees while leaving buildings intact.WEB, Neutron Jack,weblinkweblink" title="archive.today/20141002172209weblink">weblink dead, October 2, 2014, Business Week, October 2, 2014, In Jack: Straight from the Gut, Welch stated GE had 411,000 employees at the end of 1980, and 299,000 at the end of 1985. Of the 112,000 who left the payroll, 37,000 were in businesses which GE sold off, and 81,000 were reduced in continuing businesses. In return, GE had tremendously increased its market capitalization. Welch reduced basic research, and closed or sold off under-performing businesses.In 1986, GE acquired RCA.NEWS, Richter, Paul, General Electric Will Buy RCA for $6.28 Billion,weblink October 2, 2014, LA Times, RCA's corporate headquarters were located in Rockefeller Center; Welch subsequently took up an office in the now–GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. The RCA acquisition resulted in GE selling off RCA properties to other companies and keeping NBC as part of the GE portfolio of businesses. During the 1990s, Welch shifted GE's business from manufacturing to financial services through numerous acquisitions.Welch adopted Motorola's Six Sigma quality program in late 1995. In 1980, the year before Welch became CEO, GE recorded revenues of roughly $26.8 billion and in 2000, the year before he left, they were nearly $130 billion. By 1999 he was named "Manager of the Century" by Fortune magazine.WEB,weblink Fortune – GE's Jack Welch Named Manager of the Century – November 01, 1999, Time Warner, April 26, 1999, July 12, 2010, Embedding succession planning and employee development is important since the departures of management can have significant consequences on an organization.Hall-Ellis, Sylvia D. "Succession Planning and Staff Development – a Winning Combination", The Bottom Line, vol. 28, no. 3, May 2015, pp. 95–98. This decision will have paramount effects on future activities. Welch was passionate in making people GE's core competency.Welch, Jack, and John A. Byrne. Jack: Straight from the Gut. Warner Books, New York, 2001. There was a lengthy and publicized succession planning saga prior to his retirement among James McNerney, Robert Nardelli, and Jeff Immelt, with Immelt eventually selected to succeed Welch as chairman and CEO. His successor plan had always been a priority, as noted in his 1991 speech "From now on, [choosing my successor] is the most important decision I'll make. It occupies a considerable amount of thought almost every day."NEWS, Girion, Lisa, GE Succession a Leadership Lesson,weblink March 2, 2020, Los Angeles Times, December 3, 2000, Welch's "walk-away" package from GE was not valued at the time of his retirement, but GMI Ratings estimates its worth at $420 million.Twenty-One U.S. CEOs with Golden Parachutes of More Than $100 Million {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825043016weblink |date=August 25, 2013 }}| GMI| January 2012 |By Paul Hodgson, Senior Research Associate, and Greg Ruel, Research AssociateHe served as Chairman of The Business Council in 1991 and 1992.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160303213615weblink">weblink dead, The Business Council, Official site, Background, March 3, 2016,

Criticism

Upon his retirement from GE, Welch had stated that his effectiveness as its CEO for two decades would be measured by the company's performance for a comparable period under his successors. Welch had grown GE to over $450 billion in market capitalization, of which about 40% was in financial services.Twenty years later, the company's market capitalization was only $200 billion, and Welch refused to discuss its decline, other than noting much of the decline had resulted from investments in real estate, and that his immediate, handpicked successor Jeff Immelt had to deal with the after effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack.WEB,weblink Extra: Jack Welch Full Interview (Ep. 326), Stephen J., Dubner, The New York Times published a critical article in 2017, noting GE's stock price as overvalued under Welch because of the growth of the financial services sector, as well as describing the amalgamated corporation's decline in 16 years under Immelt, who likewise was one of the country's highest-paid managers and eventually sold off two of Welch's largest acquisitions, NBCUniversal and GE Capital.NEWS,weblink Did the Jack Welch Model Sow Seeds of G.E.'s Decline?, James B., Stewart, The New York Times, June 15, 2017, Under Welch's leadership, GE waged a twenty-year battle with the Environmental Protection Agency and New York State over polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that the company dumped into the Hudson River at its capacitor products division plant in Hudson Falls, New York.Welch disputed scientists who classified PCBs as forever chemicals that can cause negative health consequences.WEB, Williams, Michael, Jack Welch, GE chairman who left complicated Capital Region legacy, dies at 84,weblink March 2, 2020, Times Union, March 2, 2020, The chemicals contaminated the aquifer beneath the plant to the point that the water was unusable for human consumption without treatment. New York State's Department of Environmental Consumption also advised people against eating fish from the river near the site.WEB, General Electric Hudson Falls Plant Site,weblink NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation Chemical and Pollution Control, 11 November 2020, He went on to call the Obama administration's prioritization of addressing climate change "radical behavior".NEWS, Belvedere, Matthew J., Jack Welch says Obama's 'wacky' climate-change agenda hurts the US economy,weblink November 11, 2020, CNBC, June 2, 2016, According to BusinessWeek in 1998, Welch's critics questioned whether the short-term performance pressure he placed on employees may have led them to "cut corners", thus contributing to subsequent scandals over defense-contracting, and/or the Kidder, Peabody & Co. bond-trading scheme in the early 1990s.The following year, CEO Welch took issue with reclassification of GE in the Fortune 500 as a "diversified financial services company" rather than an "electrical equipment company", and by 2005 many had noted that the price-earnings ratios of the financial services sector were lower than that for GE.WEB,weblink Jack Welch: GE's slim-down is 'a smart move', Fortune, In 2014, GE Capital (the company's major financial services branch organized during Welch's tenure) agreed to the largest credit card discrimination settlement in history, concerning many years of deceptive marketing as well as discriminatory credit practices.WEB,weblink CFPB Orders GE Capital to Pay $225 Million in Consumer Relief for Deceptive and Discriminatory Credit Card Practices, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, June 19, 2014, After Welch's tenure, GE Capital had been labeled as "too big to fail" and had become regulated by the Federal Reserve. The retired Welch publicly praised his former firm's "slim-down" and return to being an industrial company. In 2018 Welch discussed the different financial culture in Kidder, Peabody & Co., whose acquisition he arranged during his tenure at GE, and whose ethos was based on short-term bonus calculations. Shortly before the settlement was announced, GE Capital renamed itself as Synchrony Bank; the spin-off took two years.Welch also often received criticism for a lack of compassion for the middle class and working class. When asked about excessive CEO pay compared to ordinary workers (including backdating stock options, golden parachutes for nonperformance, and extravagant retirement packages), Welch labeled such allegations "outrageous" and vehemently opposed proposed SEC regulations affecting executive compensation. Countering the public uproar, Welch declared that CEO compensation should continue to be dictated by the "free market", without interference from government or other outside parties.WEB,weblink 'Hardball with Chris Matthews' for July 12, 2006, NBC News, July 13, 2006, July 12, 2010, Welch's income and assets came under particular scrutiny during his divorce from his second wife, Jane Welch, in 2001, for adultery with the woman who became his third wife. Court filings during the divorce described Welch's GE compensation, which led to a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of the then-retired Welch's employment contracts with GE.NEWS,weblink London, The Guardian, David, Gow, SEC inquiry as Jack Welch gives up freebies, September 17, 2002, NEWS, Welch Walks Away From Perks, Mark Lewis,weblink Forbes, September 16, 2002, July 23, 2012, In 1996, Welch and GE had agreed to a "retention package" worth $2.5 million, and which promised continued access after Welch's retirement to benefits he had received as CEO—including an apartment in New York, baseball tickets and the use of a private jet and chauffeured car.NEWS, Jack Welch: 'I Fell In Love', Rebecca Leung,weblink February 11, 2009, April 3, 2012, Welch stated that he did not want more money, nor a more traditional stock package, but instead preferred to retain the lifestyle he had enjoyed as GE's CEO. According to a 2008 interview with Welch, he had filed the agreement with the SEC, and addressed the media attention and accusations of being "greedy" by renouncing those benefits.In 2012, Welch and his third wife, Suzy Welch, quit their business associations with Fortune magazine and Reuters news service after Fortune published an article which criticized Welch's tweet, shortly before the 2012 election, which alleged that the Obama administration manipulated certain economic statistics, as well as another article which elucidated the 100,000 jobs GE lost during his tenure as CEO.WEB,weblink Welch can't take the heat: I quit, Fortune,

Later career

Following Welch's retirement from General Electric, he became an adviser to private equity firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice and to the chief executive of IAC, Barry Diller.NEWS, Former GE Chief Jack Welch Expects Full Recovery From Discitis, Rachel Layne, John Lauerman,weblink Bloomberg, August 4, 2009, May 23, 2012, NEWS, On the Road With Jack and Suzy, Landon Thomas Jr.,weblink The New York Times, November 2, 2006, May 23, 2012, In addition to his consulting and advisory roles, Welch had been active on the public speaking circuit and co-wrote a popular column for BusinessWeek with his wife, Suzy, for four years until November 2009. The column was syndicated by The New York Times.NEWS, Jack Welch ends BusinessWeek column, Keith J. Kelly,weblink New York Post, November 13, 2009, May 23, 2012, In September 2004, the Central Intelligence Agency published a parody of Welch applying his management skills while serving as imagined Deputy Director of Intelligence.WEB, When Jack Welch Was Deputy Director for Intelligence: Remembering an Imagined DDI, Zefram Cochran,weblinkweblink dead, June 13, 2007, September 2004, May 31, 2013, In 2005, he published Winning, a book about management co-written with Suzy Welch, which reached No. 1 on The Wall Street Journal bestseller list,WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090624091921weblink">weblink dead, June 24, 2009, Jack Welch, WSJ.com, May 25, 2012, and appeared on New York Times Best Seller list.On January 25, 2006, Welch gave his name to Sacred Heart University's College of Business, which was known as the "John F. Welch College of Business"WEB,weblink Sacred Heart University Names College of Business for Legendary GE Chairman Jack Welch, Sacredheart.edu, July 12, 2010, dead,weblink" title="archive.today/20120805223816weblink">weblink August 5, 2012, until 2016, when it began using the name the "Jack Welch College of Business". Since September 2006, Welch had been teaching a class at the MIT Sloan School of Management to a hand-picked group of 30 MBA students with a demonstrated career interest in leadership.WEB,weblink Jack Welch on the executive MBA he created in his own image, Mitsloan.mit.edu, March 9, 2006, July 12, 2010, In December 2016, Welch joined a business forum assembled by then president-elect Donald Trump to provide strategic and policy advice on economic issues.NEWS, Bryan, Bob, Trump is forming an economic advisory team with the CEOs of Disney, General Motors, JPMorgan, and more,weblink June 1, 2017, Business Insider, December 2, 2016,

Jack Welch Management Institute

In 2009, Welch founded the Jack Welch Management Institute (JWMI), a program at Chancellor University that offered an online executive Master of Business Administration. The institute was acquired by Strayer University in 2011.NEWS, Welch to Move School Out of Chancellor University, Melissa Korn,weblinkdate=November 11, 2011 URL=HTTP://WWW.BUSINESSWEEK.COM/BSCHOOLS/CONTENT/JUN2009/BS20090622_962094.HTM URL-STATUS=DEAD NEWSPAPER=BLOOMBERG BUSINESSWEEK ACCESS-DATE=MARCH 15, 2012, Archived at Ghostarchive{{cbignore}} and the weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160224042058weblink">Wayback Machine{{cbignore}}: JACK'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE JACK WELCH MBA >URL=HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=KC2GNO_IPW0 ACCESS-DATE=JANUARY 25, 2016, {{cbignore}} JWMI's MBA program was recently{{whenTITLE=JACK WELCH REVEALS THE 1 QUALITY EVERY GREAT LEADER POSSESSESWEBSITE=INC.COMDATE=JULY 6, 2016, and one of the top business schools to watch in 2016.SCHMITT>FIRST1=JEFFURL=HTTP://POETSANDQUANTS.COM/2015/12/16/10-BUSINESS-SCHOOLS-TO-WATCH-FOR-2016/ACCESS-DATE=AUGUST 12, 2016The Princeton Review.THE PRINCETON REVIEW NAMES JACK WELCH MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE IN 2020 LIST OF TOP 25 ONLINE MBA PROGRAMS (PRESS RELEASE) ACCESS-DATE=MARCH 2, 2020 DATE=NOVEMBER 21, 2019, Its goal is not to make money, but to build over time focusing on the quality of the program and increasing the number of students enrolled year after year.GLOECKLER>FIRST1=GEOFFURL=HTTP://WWW.BUSINESSWEEK.COM/BSCHOOLS/CONTENT/JUN2009/BS20090622_962094.HTMURL-STATUS=DEADWEBSITE=BLOOMBERG BUSINESSWEEEKACCESS-DATE=SEPTEMBER 24, 2014, At GE, Welch became known for his teaching and growing leaders. He had taught at MIT Sloan School of Management and taught seminars to CEOs all over the globe. "More than 35 CEOs at today's top companies [were] trained under Jack Welch".WEB, Jack Welch Online MBA Program,weblink Strayer University, September 30, 2014, JWMI students had direct access to Welch and he hosted quarterly video conferences with his students.It is known that along with his video conferences, Welch created many video responses to messages on bulletin boards and answered individual emails. His investment in the university was also reflected in his interest in the institute's Net Promoter score (NPS). He administered surveys on satisfaction regularly and scrutinized the results to find scores that needed improvement. In an interview with Wired Academic, Welch explained the overall status of his MBA program, stating that the persistence rate of students continuing on to a second year had grown from 90% to 95%, and that JWMI turns away very few students in the admissions process. He also said that he would like better leadership training for MBA students.WEB, Glader, Paul, Exclusive: Management Guru Jack Welch Talks About Digital Education, Online MBAs & Modern CEOs With WA.,weblink wiredacademic, September 14, 2014, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120315084409weblink">weblink March 15, 2012,

Personal life

Welch had four children with his first wife, Carolyn. They divorced amicably in 1987 after 28 years of marriage.NEWS, War of the Welches,weblinkweblink January 12, 2022, subscription, live, March 2, 2020, The Telegraph, September 14, 2002, {{cbignore}} His second wife, Jane Beasley, was a former mergers-and-acquisitions lawyer. She married Welch in April 1989, and they divorced in 2003. While Welch had crafted a prenuptial agreement, Beasley insisted on a ten-year time limit to its applicability, and thus she was able to leave the marriage reportedly with around $180 million.NEWS, Bertaccini, Donna,weblink Lovers seek lawyers as divorce booms, BBC News, November 8, 2004, July 12, 2010, Welch's third wife, Suzy Wetlaufer (née Spring), co-authored his 2005 book Winning as Suzy Welch. She served briefly as the editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review. Welch's wife at the time, Jane Beasley, found out about an affair between Wetlaufer and Welch. Beasley informed the Review and Wetlaufer was forced to resign in early 2002 after admitting to the affair with Welch while preparing an interview with him for the magazine.WEB, Kolhatkar, Sheelah, Suzy Wetlaufer Preparing To Be 'Neutron Jackie', The New York Observer,weblink April 19, 2004, November 8, 2014, They married on April 24, 2004.WEB,weblink Fifteen years ago today. We still do! pic.twitter.com/lsMThTPRqM, Suzy, Welch, April 24, 2019, Starting in January 2012, Welch and Suzy Welch wrote a biweekly column for Reuters and Fortune,NEWS, Jack Welch: The GOP Needs To Be Nice To Ron Paul When He Drops Out Because They Need His Followers, Jon Bershad,weblink Mediaite, January 27, 2012, May 23, 2012, WEB,weblink John F. Welch, April 30 – May 2, 2012, Women in the Economy: An Executive Task Force, The Wall Street Journal, May 25, 2012, which they both left on October 9, 2012, after an article critical of Welch and his GE career was published by Fortune.NEWS, Jack Welch Takes His Column and Goes Home, Tim Sprinkle,weblink Yahoo! News, October 9, 2012, October 9, 2012,

Death

Welch died from kidney failure at his home in New York CityNEWS,weblink Jack Welch, G.E. Chief Who Became a Business Superstar, Dies at 84, The New York Times, Lohr, Steve, March 2, 2020, March 2, 2020, on March 1, 2020, at age 84.NEWS, Jack Welch, former chairman and CEO of GE, dies at 84,weblink March 2, 2020, CNBC, March 2, 2020, en, NEWS, Gryta, Thomas, Jack Welch, Legendary CEO of General Electric, Dies at Age 84,weblink March 2, 2020, The Wall Street Journal, March 2, 2020, NEWS,weblink Jack Welch, the GE Chief Who Became a Superstar, Has Died, March 2, 2020, Associated Press, The New York Times, March 2, 2020, en-US, 0362-4331, NEWS,weblink Jack Welch, former General Electric CEO who built company into a powerhouse, has died, Nathan, Bomey, USA Today, March 2, 2020, B1-2, March 2, 2020,

Politics

Welch identified politically as a Republican.WEB, Kimball, Joe, Former GE Chairman Jack Welch on CNN says he likes Pawlenty,weblink June 9, 2011, September 25, 2014, He stated that global warming is "the attack on capitalism that socialism couldn't bring", and that it is a form of "mass neurosis".MSNBC: Morning Joe. July 2, 2008. Yet he said that every business must embrace green products and green ways of doing business, "whether you believe in global warming or not ... because the world wants these products".WEB,weblink Fresh Dialogues Interview with Alison van Diggelen, May 2009, Freshdialogues.com, May 12, 2009, July 12, 2010, Regarding shareholder value, Welch said in a Financial Times interview on the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, "On the face of it, shareholder value is the dumbest idea in the world. Shareholder value is a result, not a strategy...your main constituencies are your employees, your customers and your products."NEWS, Guerrera, Francesco, Welch rues short-term profit 'obsession', Financial Times, March 12, 2009,weblink March 12, 2009, Welch was widely criticized for his views on the job numbers from September 2012.NEWS, Schlesinger, Jill, Is Neutron Jack Welch not so tough after all?,weblink September 25, 2014, CBSNews, October 9, 2012, After the Bureau of Labor Statistics released employment data stating that the U.S. unemployment rate had dropped from 8.1% to 7.8%, Welch tweeted, "Unbelievable jobs numbers ... these Chicago guys will do anything ... can't debate so change numbers".WEB, Malone, Scott, Jack Welch sets Twitter ablaze with Obama job jab,weblink Chicago Tribune, October 6, 2012, Welch stood by his tweet, stating if he could write it again, he would add question marks at the end to make it clear that his intention was to raise a question over the legitimacy of the numbers.NEWS, Welch, Jack, I Was Right About That Strange Jobs Report,weblink September 14, 2014, October 11, 2014, A subsequent New York Post article on the employment data suggested manipulation of some of the survey responses by an individual employee in 2010,WEB,weblink Census 'faked' 2012 election jobs report, Crudele, John, November 19, 2013, New York Post, August 31, 2017, but that article was widely debunked, including the fact that the employee had not worked at the Bureau since 2011.A bogus NY Post piece sets off a frenzy Ryan Chittum. Columbia Journalism Review. November 22, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2017Five questions about the New York Post's unemployment story Eric Wemple. Washington Post. November 19, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2017Key Source In New York Post's Story About Unemployment Rate Rigging Left Census Bureau In 2011 Brett LoGiurato. Business Insider. November 19, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2017 No proof of the political manipulation of the job numbers from September 2012 has been presented.NEWS,weblink No, Obama Did Not Fake The Unemployment Rate, Gongloff, Mark, November 19, 2013, Huffington Post, August 31, 2017, en-US, The Census Bureau later released a statement denying the possibility of systematic manipulation of the data.NEWS,weblink Census Bureau Statement on Collection of Survey Data, The United States Census Bureau, August 31, 2017, en-US, Still, in an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, Welch wrote that the debate led to people looking at unemployment data more carefully and skeptically. Referencing his original tweet, he stated "Thank God I did", in a Squawk Box appearance, and also wrote, "The coming election is too important to be decided on a number. Especially when that number seems so wrong".WEB, Bradford, Harry, Jack Welch On CNBC: 'Thank God' I Questioned The Jobs Numbers (VIDEO),weblink Huffington Post, November 5, 2012, September 14, 2014,

Legacy

Welch has been described as “perhaps the most celebrated American boss of recent decades”.NEWS, Should Jamie Dimon, Wall Street's most celebrated boss, call it a day?,weblink The Economist, March 14, 2020, Yet by Wall Street measures, a $100,000 investment in GE shares in the year 2000 (near the end of Welch's tenure) had lost about 80 percent of its value as of the year 2021.WEB,weblink How Shareholder Capitalism Crashed a Plane (Two, Actually), November 30, 2021, Despite this trend, in a 2015 article in Harvard Business Review, business consultant Ron Ashkenas argues that "Jack Welch's approach to breaking down silos still works", citing examples of engineering companies who have discovered for themselves that "fragmented, geographically dispersed" patterns of organization make it "very difficult ... to coordinate efforts across functions, keep everyone focused on the cost and delivery goals and get people to reach consensus".Ashkenas, R., Jack Welch’s Approach to Breaking Down Silos Still Works, Harvard Business Review, published 9 September 2020, accesses 19 November 2020Welch has been criticized for practices that have harmed workers and the company: he eliminated thousands of jobs at GE, contributing to a reduction of the U.S. manufacturing base. He eliminated 10% of employees every year, a practice adopted by many other companies. He was a leading proponent of mergers and acquisitions, helping to give rise to an economy that is more concentrated and less dynamic. He pioneered "financialization", changing GE from a manufacturing company into, effectively, an unregulated bank, which harmed GE over the long term.NEWS, Andersen, Kurt, June 2, 2022, How Jack Welch Revolutionized the American Economy,weblink Books, The New York Times, June 2, 2022, As of late 2021, General Electric planned to break into three public companies and effectively cease to exist. The companies would separately operate in the aviation, health care and energy markets.WEB, GE to end its run as a conglomerate, split into 3 companies,weblink Associated Press, November 9, 2021, As of 2021, GE was headed by H. Lawrence Culp Jr. who was named in 2018 as its fourth CEO since Welch's departure.

Wider impact

Welch's practices were described as contributing to widespread damage to corporate America by author David Gelles in 2022.The Man Who Broke Capitalism: How Jack Welch Gutted the Heartland and Crushed the Soul of Corporate America — and How to Undo His Legacy by David Gelles, Simon & Schuster, 20200The Man Who Broke Capitalism — did Jack Welch destroy corporate America? In his sharp, provocative book, David Gelles argues that the GE boss’s brutal efficiency drive led to long-term decline. Andrew Hills, FT, June 9, 2022,weblink

Popular culture

On March 11, 2010, Welch cameoed as himself in the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, appearing in the season four episode "Future Husband". In the episode, Welch confronts Alec Baldwin's character, Jack Donaghy, to confirm the sale of NBC Universal to a fictional Philadelphia-based cable company called Kabletown. The sale is a satirical reference to the real-world acquisition of NBCUniversal from General Electric by Comcast in November 2009.NEWS, Sorkin, Andrew Ross, The NBC Sale (the '30 Rock' Version),weblink March 2, 2020, DealBook, The New York Times, March 12, 2010, en,

Works

• Welch, Jack and John A. Byrne. Jack: Straight from the Gut. New York: Warner Business Books, 2001. {{ISBN|0-446-69068-6}}
• Welch, Jack and Suzy Welch. Winning. HarperCollins, 2005. {{ISBN|0-06-075394-3}}
• Welch, Jack and Suzy Welch. Winning: The Answers. Harper, 2006. {{ISBN|0-00-725264-1}}

See also

• Shareholder value, 1981 speech at The Pierre hotel.
• Vitality curve

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

• BOOK, Gelles, David, 2022, The Man Who Broke Capitalism: How Jack Welch Gutted the Heartland and Crushed the Soul of Corporate America―and How to Undo His Legacy, New York, Simon & Schuster, 9781982176440, 1302899162,
• BOOK, Lane, Bill, 2008, Jacked Up: The Inside Story of how Jack Welch Talked GE into Becoming the World's Greatest Company, New York, McGraw Hill, 978-0-07-154410-8, 611932209,
• BOOK, O'Boyle, Thomas F., 1999, At Any Cost: Jack Welch, General Electric, and the Pursuit of Profit, New York, Vintage Books, 0-375-70567-8, 924507503,
• BOOK, Slater, Robert, Robert Slater, 1998, Jack Welch and the GE Way: Management Insights and Leadership Secrets of the Legendary CEO, New York, McGraw-Hill, 0-07-058104-5, 880416549,
• BOOK, Slater, Robert, 1992, The New GE: How Jack Welch Revived an American Institution, New York, McGraw-Hill, 9781556236709,
• BOOK, Tichy, Noel, Strat Sherman, 1993, Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will: How Jack Welch Is Making General Electric the World's Most Competitive Company, New York, Doubleday, 9780385248839, 605932283,

External links

• {{IMDb name|1653933}}
• {{C-SPAN|32615}}

{{CEOs of General Electric}}{{Authority control}}