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• 2-door saloon
• 2-door convertible{edih}| production = 1938–200321,529,464 produced

• Volkswagen Golf Mk1
• Volkswagen Gol (G1)
• Volkswagen New Beetle{edih}

• Petrol:
• 1100 cc H4
• 1200 cc H4
• 1300 cc H4
• 1500 cc H4
• 1600 cc H4 (flex-fuel)

• 4-speed manual transaxle
• 4-speed Saxomat semi-automatic
• 3-speed Autostick semi-automatic

History

KdF-Wagen

Design

Design controversies

Béla Barényi

Paul Jaray

Josef Ganz

Hans Ledwinka

Tenure

World War II and military production, 1938–1945

Post-war production and success, 1945–1970

Decline and end of German production, 1970–1990

New Beetle and end of production, 1990–2003

Models and history of design

Initial and successful models, 1946–1974

Mid-life and declining models, 1970–1986

Final models, 1986–2003

Markets and assembly

• {{flagicon|Germany{edih} Emden, Germany{{sfn|Hayes|2020|p=108}}{{sfn|Copping|2005|p=38}}
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Hanover, Germany{{sfn|Copping|2014|p=57}}{{sfn|Gunnell|2017|p=257}}
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Ingolstadt, Germany{{sfn|Copping|2001|loc=§ Landmarks of the Years 1965 to 1967 }}
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Osnabrück, Germany{{sfn|Gunnell|2017|p=111}}{{efn|The convertibles were constructed at this location, not the coupes.}}
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Wolfsburg, Germany{{sfn|Gunnell|2017|p=23}}NEWS,weblink The final Volkswagen Beetle has rolled off the production line, The Sunday Times, The Sunday Times Driving, cs2,weblink live, 13 August 2022, 20 March 2024, 12 July 2019, James, Allen,
• {{flagicon|Australia}} Melbourne, Australia{{sfn|Copping|2001|p=44}}
• {{flagicon|Belgium}} Brussels, Belgium{{sfn|Copping|2014|p=57}}
• {{flagicon|Brazil}} São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil{{sfn|Hayes|2020|p=147}}MAGAZINE, Popular Mechanics, 112, 4, October 1959, 122, Popular Mechanics, Oct 1959,weblink
• {{flagicon|Finland}} Heinola, Finland{{sfn|Hayes|2020|p=96}}BOOK, Quarterly Economic Review, United Kingdom, 11, Economist Intelligence Unit, 1966,weblink
• {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Jakarta, Indonesia{{sfn|Gunnell|2017|p=257}}
• {{flagicon|Ireland}} Dublin, Ireland{{sfn|Hayes|2020|p=36}}BOOK,weblink Foreign Commerce Weekly, 1950, U.S. Department of Commerce, 20 March 2024, United States,
• {{flagicon|Malaysia}} Shah Alam, MalaysiaMAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151202124807weblink">weblink 2 December 2015, 3 January 2007, Motor Trader Magazine, 20 March 2024, History of Volkswagen in Malaysia, cs2, dead,
• {{flagicon|Mexico}} Puebla, Mexico{{sfn|Gunnell|2017|p=127}}{{sfn|Hayes|2020|p=152}}
• {{flagicon|New Zealand}} Auckland, New Zealand{{sfn|Coyle|2004|p=38}}
• {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Lagos, Nigeria{{sfn|Patton|2002|p=121}}
• {{flagicon|Philippines}} Manila, Philippines{{sfn|Copping|2011|p=162}}{{sfn|Nelson|1965|p=118}}
• {{flagicon|South Africa}} Uitenhage, South Africa{{sfn|Copping|2011|p=162}}{{sfn|Schnetler|1997|p=41}}
• {{flagicon|Thailand}} Bangkok, ThailandNEWS, Investors Chronicle and Stock Exchange Gazette, 27 April 1973, 24, United Kingdom, n.p., 884,weblink
• {{flagicon|Venezuela}} Caracas, Venezuela{{sfn|Nelson|1965|p=118}}
• {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Sarajevo, Yugoslavia{{sfn|Flammang|1996|p=239}}

Specific markets

Brazil

Mexico

Australia

Retrofit program

See also

• Volkswagen New Beetle
• Volkswagen Beetle (A5)
• Volkswagen Type 2

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

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• BOOK, Leffingwell, Randy, Porsche 75th Anniversary, 2022, Motorbooks, United States, 978-0-7603-7266-1,
• BOOK, Ludvigsen, Karl, Battle for the Beetle, 2000, R. Bentley, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 0-8376-0071-5,
• BOOK, Marsh, W. B., Voices From the Past, 2020, Icon Books, Canada, 978-1-7842-9114-3,
• BOOK, Jonathan, Mantle, Companies That Changed the World, 2014, Transworld (publisher), Transworld, London, 978-1-7857-8664-8,
• BOOK, Margolius, Ivan, Henry, J. G., Tatra - The Legacy of Hans Ledwinka, 2016, Veloce Publishing, England, 978-1-8458-4799-9,
• BOOK, Mayer, Hans-Georg, Der VW-Käfer im Kriege und im militärischen Einsatz danach, The VW Beetle during the war and in military use afterwards, Podzun-Pallas, Germany, German, 1988, 978-3-7909-0357-7,
• BOOK, G. P, Maxton, John, Wormald, Driving Over a Cliff?, 1996, Economist Intelligence Unit, London, 978-0-2015-9392-1,
• BOOK, Werner, Meyer-Larsen, Germany, Inc., Wiley (publisher), Wiley, California, 2000, 978-0-4713-5357-7,
• BOOK, Georg, Meck, Auto Macht Geld, Car makes money, 2016, Rowohlt Verlag, Germany, 978-3-6441-0003-9,
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• BOOK, Hans, Mommsen, Manfred, Grieger, Das Volkswagenwerk und seine Arbeiter im Dritten Reich, 1996, ECON, Germany, The Volkswagen factory and its workers in the Third Reich, 978-3-4301-6785-7,
• BOOK, Mike, McCarthy, Porsche, 1986, Gallery Publishing Group, Canada, 978-0-8317-7088-4,
• BOOK, Kurt, Möser, Geschichte des Autos, History of the car, 1997, Campus-Verlag, Germany, 978-3-5933-6575-6,
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External links

• Beetle – A brief history of a well-loved icon, published by Volkswagen Group, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20240114074611weblink">archived from the original on 14 January 2024.
• An Ode to the Bug, published by Volkswagen Group, weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20240303221946weblink">archived from the original on 3 March 2024.