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Ryder Cup
please note:
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{{Short description|Team-based men's golf competition between European and American professionals}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Founding of the Cup
File:Ryder Cup at the 2008 PGA Golf Show new.jpg|thumb|right|The Ryder Cup on display in 2008. An event sponsored by English businessman Samuel Ryder, the figure on top is modeled after professional golfer (Abe Mitchell]], Ryder's private coach.Prezioso, Andrew (25 September 2014) Nine things to you know about the Ryder Cup trophy. rydercup.com)Gleneagles 1921
On 27 September 1920 Golf Illustrated wrote a letter to the Professional Golfers' Association of America with a suggestion that a team of 12 to 20 American professionals be chosen to play in the 1921 Open Championship, to be financed by popular subscription.MAGAZINE,weblink Golf Illustrated, November 1920, 27, U.S. Professionals to Seek British Title, 6 August 2013, LA84, At that time no American golfer had won The Open Championship. The idea was that of James D. Harnett, who worked for the magazine. The PGA of America made a positive reply and the idea was announced in the November 1920 issue. The fund was called the British Open Championship Fund. By the next spring the idea had been firmed-up.MAGAZINE,weblink Golf Illustrated, March 1921, 32, Month at a Glance, 6 August 2013, LA84, A team of 12 would be chosen, who would sail in time to play in a warm-up tournament at Gleneagles (the Glasgow Herald 1000 Guinea Tournament) prior to The Open at St. Andrews, two weeks later. The team of 12 was chosen by PGA President George Sargent and PGA Secretary Alec Pirie, with the assistance of USGA Vice-president Robert Gardner.MAGAZINE,weblink Golf Illustrated, May 1921, 32, Month at a Glance, 6 August 2013, LA84, A team of 11 sailed from New York on the {{RMS|Aquitania}} on 24 May 1921 together with James Harnett, Harry Hampton deciding at the last minute that he could not travel.NEWS,weblinkweblink 2022-10-09, live, The New York Times, 25 May 1921, Golf Stars Leave for British Links, 6 August 2013, The idea for a 12-a-side International Match between the American and Great Britain professionals was reported in The Times on 17 May, with James Douglas Edgar being reported as the probable 12th player.NEWS, The Times, 17 May 1921, 12, The American Professionals, Edgar was already in the United Kingdom. The match would be played at Gleneagles on Monday 6 June, the day before the start of the 1000 Guinea Tournament. With Jim Barnes indisposed, the match eventually became a 10-a-side contest, Edgar not being required for the American team. The match consisted of 5 foursomes in the morning and 10 singles in the afternoon, played on the King's Course. The match was won by Great Britain by 9 matches to 3, 3 matches being halved.NEWS,weblink The Glasgow Herald, 7 June 1921, Gleneagles – International Golf, 6 August 2013, Google News Archive, The British team was: George Duncan (captain), James Braid, Arthur Havers, Abe Mitchell, James Ockenden, Ted Ray, James Sherlock, J.H. Taylor, Josh Taylor, and Harry Vardon. The American team was: Emmet French (captain), Clarence Hackney, Walter Hagen, Charles Hoffner, Jock Hutchison, Tom Kerrigan, George McLean, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn and Wilfrid Reid. Gold medals were presented by Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl, to each member of the teams at the conclusion of the Glasgow Herald tournament on Saturday afternoon. The medals "had on one side crossed flags, The Union Jack and Stars and Stripes surmounted by the inscription "For Britain" or "For America" as the case may be, and on the other side "America v Britain. First international golf match at "The Glasgow Herald" tournament, Gleneagles, 6 June 1921"NEWS,weblink The Glasgow Herald, 13 June 1921, Mitchell's Win – "The Glasgow Herald" tournament, 24 September 2014, Google News Archive, After the Glasgow Herald Tournament most of the American team travelled to St Andrews to practice for The 1921 Open Championship, for which qualifying began on 20 June. However, Walter Hagen and Jock Hutchison played in a tournament at Kinghorn on 14 and 15 June. Hagen had a poor first round and didn't turn up for the second day. Hutchison scored 74 and 64 and took the £50 first prize.NEWS,weblink Golf – Kinghorn tournament – Hutchison's easy win, The Glasgow Herald, 16 June 1921, 11, Google News Archive, At St Andrews, Hutchison led the qualifying and then won The Open itself. So, despite losing the International Match, the American team achieved its main objective, winning the British Open.A match between American and British amateur golfers was played at Royal Liverpool Golf Club (Hoylake) in 1921, immediately before The Amateur Championship. This match was followed by the creation of the Walker Cup, which was first played in 1922.WEB,weblink 2013 Walker Cup, History of the Walker Cup match, 2013, 9 August 2013, However the 1921 Gleneagles match did not immediately lead to a corresponding match between the professionals.Wentworth 1926
It was common at this time for a small number of professionals to travel to compete in each other's national championship. In 1926, a larger than usual contingent of American professionals were travelling to Britain to compete in the Open Championship, two weeks before their own Championship. In February it was announced that Walter Hagen would select a team of four American professionals (including himself) to play four British professionals in a match before the Open Championship.NEWS, The Times, 20 February 1926, 5, Professional International Match, The match would be a stroke play competition with each playing the four opposing golfers over 18 holes.BOOK, Samuel Ryder: The Man Behind the Ryder Cup, Fry, Peter, Wright Press, July 2000, 978-0-9539087-0-7, In mid-April, it was announced that "A golf enthusiast, who name has not yet been made public" was ready to donate a cup for an annual competition.NEWS, The New York Times, 17 April 1926, Cup Offered for Golf Match Between U.S. and British Pros, Later in April it was announced that Samuel Ryder would be presenting a trophy "for annual competition between British and American professionals." with the first match to be played on 4 and 5 June "but the details are not yet decided",NEWS, The Times, 26 April 1926, 6, The "Ryder" Trophy, and then in May it was announced that the match would be a match-play competition, 8-a-side, foursomes on the first day, singles on the second.NEWS, The Times, 18 May 1926, 3, Professional International Match, Eventually, at Hagen's request, 10 players competed for each team.NEWS, The Times, 4 June 1926, 6, The "Ryder" Cup – To-day's International Match, Samuel Ryder (together with his brother James) had sponsored a number of British professional events starting in 1923.The match resulted in 13–1 victory for the British team (1 match was halved). The American point was won by Bill Mehlhorn with Emmet French being all square. Medals were presented to the players by the American ambassador Alanson B. Houghton.The match was widely reported as being for the "Ryder Cup". However Golf Illustrated for 11 June states that because of uncertainty following the general strike in May, which led to uncertainty about how many Americans would be visiting Britain, Samuel Ryder had decided to withhold the cup for a year. It has also been suggested that because Walter Hagen chose the American team rather than the American PGA, that only those Americans who had travelled to Britain to play in the Open were available for selection and that it contained a number of players born outside the United States, also contributed to the feeling that the match ought to be regarded as unofficial. In addition the Americans "had only just landed in England and were not yet in full practice."NEWS, The Times, 6 April 1927, 7, The Ryder Cup, The British team was: Ted Ray (Captain), Aubrey Boomer, Archie Compston, George Duncan, George Gadd, Arthur Havers, Herbert Jolly, Abe Mitchell, Fred Robson and Ernest Whitcombe. The American team was: Walter Hagen (Captain), Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Emmet French, Joe Kirkwood, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn, Joe Stein, Cyril Walker and Al Watrous. While all ten of the British players subsequently played in the Ryder Cup only three of the Americans did (Hagen, Mehlhorn and Watrous). Armour, Barnes, Kirkwood, McLeod and Walker were excluded by the policy of requiring players to be born in the USA while French and Stein were never selected.Worcester 1927
The 1927 competition was organized on a much more formal basis. A Ryder Cup "Deed of Trust" was drawn up formalising the rules of the contest, while each of the PGA organisations had a selection process. In Britain, Golf Illustrated launched a fund to raise £3,000 to fund professional golfers to play in the U.S. Open and the Ryder Cup. Ryder contributed £100 and, when the fund closed with a shortfall of £300, he made up the outstanding balance himself. Although not in the rules at that time, the American PGA restricted their team to those born in the United States.WEB,weblink The History of the Ryder Cup, Ryder Cup, 24 September 2014, In early 1928 it became clear that an annual contest was not practical and so it was decided that the second contest should be in 1929 and then every two years thereafter.For the 1929 UK contest at Moortown GC, Leeds, the American PGA again restricted their team to those born in the USA but in late 1929 the Deed of Trust was revised requiring all players to be born in{{refn|Prior to the 2002 Ryder Cup, the PGA of America changed its eligibility rules, extending eligibility for Team USA to all individuals born with U.S. citizenship, plus those who acquired U.S. citizenship before age 18.NEWS,weblink Rules ravage Pettersson's Ryder bid – for both teams, Alex, Dimond, ESPN (UK), 18 April 2012, 24 September 2014, }} and resident in their respective countries, as well as being members of their respective Professional Golfers' Association.Inclusion of continental European golfers
The most significant change to the Ryder Cup has been the inclusion of continental European golfers since 1979. Up until 1977, the matches featured teams representing the United States and Great Britain and Ireland. From 1979 players from continental Europe have been eligible to join what is now known as Team Europe. The change to include continental Europeans arose from discussion in 1977 between Jack Nicklaus and Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby, who was serving as the President of the Professional Golfers' Association; it was suggested by Nicklaus as a means to make the matches more competitive, since the Americans almost always won, often by lopsided margins.BOOK, Jack Nicklaus: My Story, Jack, Nicklaus, Ken, Bowden, From the resumption of competition in 1947 through 1977, Great Britain and Ireland had only managed one win and one tie.The change worked, as the contests soon became much more competitive, with talented young Europeans such as Seve Ballesteros and Bernhard Langer bolstering the European side. The present-day popularity of the Ryder Cup, which now generates enormous media attention, can be said to date from that change in eligibility.Format
The Ryder Cup involves various match play competitions between players selected from two teams of twelve. It takes place from a Friday to a Sunday with a total of 28 matches being played, all matches being over 18 holes. On Friday and Saturday there are four fourball matches and four foursomes matches each day; a session of four matches in the morning and a session of four matches in the afternoon. On Sunday, there are 12 singles matches, when all team members play. Not all players must play on Friday and Saturday; the captain can select any eight players for each of the sessions over these two days.The winner of each match scores a point for his team, with half a point each for any match that is tied after the 18 holes. The winning team is determined by cumulative total points. In the event of a tie (14 points each) the Ryder Cup is retained by the team who held it before the contest.A foursomes match is a competition between two teams of two golfers. On a particular hole the golfers on the same team take alternate shots playing the same ball. One team member tees off on all the odd-numbered holes, and the other on all the even-numbered holes. Each hole is won by the team that completes the hole in the fewest shots. A fourball match is also a competition between two teams of two golfers, but all four golfers play their own ball throughout the round rather than alternating shots. The better score of the two golfers in a team determines the team's score on a particular hole; the score of the other member of the team is not counted. Each hole is won by the team whose individual golfer has the lowest score. A singles match is a standard match play competition between two golfers.The format of the Ryder Cup has changed over the years. From the inaugural event until 1959, the Ryder Cup was a two-day competition with 36-hole matches. In 1961 the matches were changed to 18 holes each and the number of matches doubled. In 1963 the event was expanded to three days, with fourball matches being played for the first time. This format remained until 1977, when the number of matches was reduced to 20, but, in 1979, the first year continental European players participated, the format was changed to the 28-match version in use today, with 8 foursomes/four-ball matches on the first two days and 12 singles matches on the last day.WEB,weblink Ryder Cup Match History, 24 March 2007, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071008075706weblink">weblink 8 October 2007, Because of weather disruption the format of the 2010 contest was altered and it was extended to a fourth day.{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"! rowspan=2 | Year !! colspan=2 | Day 1 !! colspan=2 | Day 2 !! colspan=2 | Day 3 !! rowspan=2 | TotalpointsTeam composition
Captains
The captains have always selected the players and chosen the playing order in each group of matches. When the contest involved 36-hole matches, it was usual for the captain to be one of the players. The USA only had two non-playing captains in this period: Walter Hagen in 1937 and Ben Hogan in 1949 while Great Britain had non-playing captains in 1933, 1949, 1951 and 1953. With the change to 18-hole matches and the extension to three days, it became more difficult to combine the roles of captain and player and Arnold Palmer in 1963 was the last playing captain. The captains have always been professional golfers and the only captain who never played in the Ryder Cup was J. H. Taylor, the 1933 British captain.Qualification and selection
The selection process for the Ryder Cup players has varied over the years. In the early contests the teams were generally decided by a selection committee but later qualification based on performances was introduced. The current system by which most of the team is determined by performances with a small number of players selected by the captain (known as "wild cards" or "captain's picks") gradually evolved and has been used by both sides since 1989.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009weblink">weblink 2022-10-09, live, PGA Media Guide 2012 – How The Ryder Cup Teams Have Been Chosen, 21–22, PGA, 23 July 2012, For the 2014 Ryder Cup both teams had 9 players qualifying based on performances with the remaining 3 players selected by the captain. For those players gaining automatic qualification the Europeans used a system, introduced in 2004, using two tables; one using prize money won in official European Tour events and a second based on World Ranking points gained anywhere in the world. Both tables used a 12-month qualifying period finishing at the end of August. The American system, introduced in 2008, was based on prize money earned in official PGA Tour events during the current season and prize money earned in the major championships in the previous season. The qualifying period ended after the PGA Championship.For the 2016 Ryder Cup there were a number of changes from 2014 in the American system. The number of captain's picks was increased from three to four with the selections being made later than previously, especially moving the fourth and last pick to less than a week before the Ryder Cup, right after the completion of the Tour Championship. The qualifying events now included both the 2015 World Golf Championships events and The Players Championship, on top of the four major championships, but only included 2016 PGA Tour events actually played in 2016, thus excluded any other event played in 2015. The qualifying period was also extended because the Olympic Games had moved the timeslot for the 2016 PGA Championship which took place already at the end of July. Team Europe retained its old system of qualification and wild cards.Preliminary events
An opening ceremony takes place on the afternoon before play begins.Since 2012, there has been a celebrity match played before the Ryder Cup contest. Celebrities were paired with former Ryder Cup captains in 2012 and 2014. Since 2016 there have been separate matches for celebrities and past captains. Celebrities have included sportspeople Novak Djokovic, Michael Phelps, Scottie Pippen, Martina Navratilova, Alessandro Del Piero, A. J. Hawk and Andriy Shevchenko, and actors Bill Murray and Justin Timberlake.Notable Ryder Cups
1969: Nicklaus vs Jacklin
(File:Tony Jacklin's golf ball from Royal Birkdale, 1969.png|thumb|right|Tony Jacklin's golf ball used in the 1969 Ryder Cup held at Royal Birkdale Golf Club)The 1969 Cup held at Royal Birkdale was perhaps one of the best and most competitive contests in terms of play (18 of the 32 matches went to the last green). It was decided in its very last match, of which United States Captain Sam Snead later said "This is the greatest golf match you have ever seen in England".NEWS,weblink Yanks' Great Golf Good For Tie, St. Petersburg Times, Florida, Associated Press, 22 September 1969, 4-C, With the United States and Great Britain tied at {{frac|15|1|2}} each, Jack Nicklaus led Tony Jacklin by the score of 1 up as they played the 17th hole. Jacklin made a 35-foot eagle putt and when Nicklaus missed his own eagle try from 12 feet, the match was all square.At the par-5 finishing hole, both Jacklin and Nicklaus got on the green in two. Nicklaus ran his eagle putt five feet past the hole, while Jacklin left his two feet short. Nicklaus then sank his birdie putt, and with a crowd of 8,000 people watching, picked up Jacklin's marker, conceding the putt Jacklin needed to tie the matches. As the current holders, the rules meant that the United States retained the trophy.NEWS,weblink Ryder Cup Climax Of Breath-Taking Excitement, The Glasgow Herald, Raymond, Jacobs, 22 September 1969, 4, Google News Archive, MAGAZINE,weblink A tie may be like kissing your sister..., Sports Illustrated, 29 September 1969, Gwilym S., Brown, "I don't think you would have missed that putt", Nicklaus said to Jacklin afterwards, "but in these circumstances I would never give you the opportunity."This gesture of sportsmanship by Nicklaus caused controversy on the American side, some of whom would have preferred to force Jacklin to attempt the putt for the small chance that he might miss, which would have given the United States team an outright win. "All the boys thought it was ridiculous to give him that putt", said Sam Snead. "We went over there to win, not to be good ol' boys."1989: Azinger and Ballesteros
Held at The Belfry in England, the 1989 Ryder Cup saw the rising of tensions in the series. After holding the cup for more than two decades, the United States team lost both the 1985 and 1987 matches. At the 1989 matches, the pressure was on the United States team and its captain, Raymond Floyd. At a pre-match opening celebration, Floyd slighted the European team by introducing his United States team as "the 12 greatest players in the world."The competition saw the beginnings of a feud between Seve Ballesteros and Paul Azinger. Early in their singles match, Ballesteros sought to change a scuffed ball for a new ball under Rule of Golf 5–3. Somewhat unusually, Azinger disputed whether the ball was unfit for play. A referee was called, and sided with Azinger in ruling the ball fit for play. Ballesteros reportedly said to Azinger, "Is this the way you want to play today?" The match continued in a contentious fashion, culminating in Ballesteros unusually contesting whether Azinger took a proper drop after hitting into the water on the 18th hole.The American team's frustration grew as the matches ended in a tie, with the European team retaining the cup.1991: "The War on the Shore"
The overall tension between the teams and the feud between Ballesteros and Azinger escalated at the Kiawah Island Golf Resort in 1991. At the ceremonial opening dinner, the PGA of America played two videos that were seen as less than hospitable by the European team. The first video was presented as a highlight reel of past Ryder Cups, but reportedly showed only Americans. The second video was a welcoming address by then-United States President George H. W. Bush in which he closed by cheering on the American side.On the first morning of the competition, Azinger and Chip Beck were paired against Ballesteros and José MarÃa Olazábal in a foursomes match, an alternate shot event. Azinger and Beck accused Ballesteros of gamesmanship on account of his throat clearing during Beck's shots. Later in the same match, Azinger and Beck, who were playing the same brand and make of ball but each with a slightly different model, switched their balls. While this switching was unlikely to have resulted in an advantage or to have been intentional, it was in violation of the "one ball rule" which was in effect for the competition. Under that rule, a player is prohibited from changing the type of ball he uses during the course of a match.A few holes after the switch had occurred, Ballesteros called the Americans for the violation. Azinger, seeming to feel that his integrity was being questioned, said "I can tell you we're not trying to cheat." Ballesteros responded, "Oh no. Breaking the rules and cheating are two different things." As the violation was called too long after it had occurred, no penalty was assessed against the American pair. The constant goading between Ballesteros and Azinger intensified their respective desires to win. Out of that intensity, they and their playing partners produced what may be regarded as one of the best pairs matches in history, with the Spaniards winning 2 & 1. After the matches concluded, Ballesteros reportedly said, "The American team has 11 nice guys. And Paul Azinger."The 1991 matches received the sobriquet "the War on the Shore" after some excitable advertising in the American media, and intense home-team cheering by the American home crowds. For his part, Corey Pavin caused controversy by sporting a Desert Storm baseball cap during the event in support of the U.S. and coalition war effort in Iraq.The matches culminated in one of the single most dramatic putts in the history of golf. With only one match remaining to be completed, between Hale Irwin for the United States and Bernhard Langer for the Europeans, the United States team led by one point. Irwin and Langer came to the last hole tied. To win the cup, the American team needed Irwin to win or tie the match by winning or tying the hole. The Europeans could keep the cup with a win by Langer. Both players struggled on the hole, and found themselves facing a pair of putts; Langer had a six-foot, side-hill par putt, and Irwin had a generally uphill, 18-inch putt for bogey. To the surprise of his teammates, Langer conceded Irwin's bogey putt, leaving himself in a must-make position. Langer missed his putt, the match was halved, and the U.S. team took back the cup.Players on both sides were driven to public tears by the pressure of the matches on the final day. The intense competition of the 1991 Ryder Cup is widely regarded as having elevated public interest in the series.1999: Battle of Brookline
The 1999 Ryder Cup held at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, caused great controversy. A remarkable comeback by the American team helped propel the U.S. to a 14{{1/2}}–13{{1/2}} victory after trailing 10–6 at the start of the final day. The U.S. defeated Europe 8{{1/2}}–3{{1/2}} in the singles matches to seal the first American victory since 1993.BOOK, The Sports Illustrated Sports Almanac, 2000, Little, Brown, and Company, 978-1-892129-14-7, 396, The competition turned on the 17th hole of a match between American Justin Leonard and Spaniard José MarÃa Olazábal. With the match all square, Leonard needed to earn at least a half-point to seal an American victory. After Olazábal's second shot left him with a 22-foot putt on the par-4, Leonard hit his shot within 10 feet of the hole and then watched it roll away from the cup, leaving him with a 45-foot putt for birdie. Leonard had made putts of 25 and 35 feet earlier in the round. Leonard holed the putt, and a wild celebration followed with other U.S. players, their wives, and a few fans running onto the green. The putt did not guarantee a half-point for Leonard since Olazábal could still hole his putt and win the last hole. However, Olazábal missed his putt, and the American team celebrated once again, although the second celebration was more reserved than the first one.There was considerable bad blood after the event, with some of the European players complaining about the behavior of the American galleries throughout the match. Sam Torrance branded it "disgusting", while European captain Mark James referred to it as a "bear pit" in a book recounting the event.BOOK, James, Mark, Into the Bear Pit: The Hard-Hitting Inside Story of the Brookline Ryder Cup,weblink 2007, Ebury Publishing, 978-0-7535-1297-5, There were also reports that a spectator spat at James' wife.MAGAZINE,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20010610213948weblink">weblink 10 June 2001, 'A mob demonstration', Sports Illustrated, CNN, 28 September 1999, Payne Stewart had conceded his singles match to Colin Montgomerie with both players level and on the last green in 2 shots as a response to the abuse Montgomerie had received throughout the match.WEB,weblink Payne Stewart: A Champion remembered, kingdom.golf, 19 March 2015, 18 September 2021, Following the 1999 Ryder Cup, many members of the U.S. team apologised for their behavior, and there were numerous attempts by both teams to calm the increasing nationalism of the event.NEWS, David, Davies, Day of shame that refuses to die,weblink The Guardian, 17 September 2004, 29 September 2018, NEWS, "He Acted Like A Madman" - Balls Remembers The Most Controversial Ryder Cup Ever Played,weblink Balls, 26 September 2018, 29 September 2018,2012: The Miracle at Medinah
The 39th Ryder Cup was held at the Medinah Country Club in Medinah, Illinois. Under captain José MarÃa Olazábal of Spain; the Europeans were down 10–4 after 14 matches, with two four-ball matches still on the course and 12 singles matches to be played the next day. At the end of day two, Ian Poulter made five birdies on the final five holes to give him and Rory McIlroy the point over Jason Dufner and Zach Johnson. Despite being down 10–6 going into the final day Europe came back to win by {{frac|14|1|2}} points to {{frac|13|1|2}}.NEWS,weblink Ryder Cup 2012: Europe beat USA after record comeback, 30 September 2012, BBC, 30 September 2012, Out of the 12 points available on the final day Europe won {{frac|8|1|2}} points with the U.S. winning only {{frac|3|1|2}} points. In terms of points this feat matched the Americans' 1999 comeback at Brookline Country Club.Martin Kaymer struck the putt that retained the cup for Europe. The putt was almost identical in length to the one that fellow German Bernhard Langer missed at the 1991 Ryder Cup. Francesco Molinari secured the final half-point to win the Ryder Cup outright by winning the 18th hole to halve his match against Tiger Woods. Ian Poulter of the European team finished this Ryder Cup with a perfect 4–0 record.The event is often referred to as the "Meltdown at Medinah" in the United States or the "Miracle at Medinah" in Europe.Cancellations and postponements
1939 Ryder Cup
The 1939 Ryder Cup was planned for 18–19 November at Ponte Vedra Country Club in Jacksonville, Florida; Walter Hagen was chosen as non-playing captain of the U.S. team. The competition was cancelled shortly after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September. It would have been the first Ryder Cup to be held in Florida; the competition was not held there until 1983.In early April 1939, the British P.G.A. chose a selection committee of six and selected Henry Cotton as captain.NEWS, The Ryder Cup, The Times, 5 April 1939, 6, column C, 48272, In August, eight players were named in the team: Cotton, Jimmy Adams, Dick Burton, Sam King, Alf Padgham, Dai Rees, Charles Whitcombe, and Reg Whitcombe.NEWS, The Ryder Cup Team, The Times, 22 August 1939, 6, column E, 48390, Charles Whitcombe immediately withdrew from the team,NEWS, C Whitcombe out of Ryder Cup Team, The Times, 23 August 1939, 6, column B, 48391, not wishing to travel to the United States. With seven selected, three places were left to be filled. War was declared on 3 September and the British P.G.A. immediately cancelled the match: "The P.G.A. announce that the Ryder Cup match for this year has been cancelled by the state of war prevailing in this country. The P.G.A. of the United States is being informed."NEWS, Ryder Cup Match Cancelled, The Times, 5 September 1939, 3, column C, 48402, NEWS,weblink Spokane Daily Chronicle, Washington, U.S., Associated Press, Britain postpones Ryder Cup tourney, 4 September 1939, 11, Google News Archive,1941, 1943, and 1945 Ryder Cups
The Ryder Cup was not played in these scheduled years due to World War II; by the fall of 1945, many members of the British team were still in the military.NEWS,weblink Spokane Daily Chronicle, Washington, U.S., Associated Press, Ryder Cup golf still in doubt, 13 November 1945, 12, Google News Archive, After a decade-long absence, it resumed in November 1947 at the Portland Golf Club in Portland, Oregon.2001 Ryder Cup
The competition, scheduled for 28–30 September at The Belfry's Brabazon Course, was postponed a year because of the September 11 terrorist attacks. "The PGA of America has informed the European Ryder Cup Board that the scope of the last Tuesday's tragedy is so overwhelming that it would not be possible for the United States Ryder Cup team and officials to attend the match this month."NEWS, Officials forced to postpone Ryder Cup for one year, The Times, 17 September 2001, 1[S], The manager of Phil Mickelson and Mark Calcavecchia had earlier announced that the two players would not travel to Europe. Other American players were said to be concerned about attending the event. It was played in 2002 at the original venue with the same teams that had been selected to play a year earlier. The display boards at The Belfry still read "The 2001 Ryder Cup", and U.S. captain Curtis Strange deliberately referred to his team as "The 2001 Ryder Cup Team" in his speech at the closing ceremony.It was later decided to hold the subsequent Ryder Cup in 2004 (rather than 2003) and thereafter in even-numbered years. This change also affected the men's Presidents Cup and Seve Trophy and women's Solheim Cup competitions, as each switched from even to odd years.2020 Ryder Cup
In July 2020, the Ryder Cup, scheduled to be held at Whistling Straits in Wisconsin, was postponed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.NEWS,weblink 2020 Ryder Cup postponed until 2021 because of impact of coronavirus, BBC Sport, 8 July 2020, 8 July 2020, As a consequence, all future editions of the Ryder Cup are again taking place in odd-numbered years from 2021, as was the case up to 1999. As a consequence, the Presidents Cup and Solheim Cup competitions reverted to even-numbered years from 2022 and 2024 respectively, as were the case up to 2000 and 2002, respectively.WEB,weblink Solheim Cup to move to even years from 2024 to avoid Ryder Cup clash, BBC Sport, 16 November 2020,Results
Summary
{| class="plainrowheaders wikitable" style="text-align:center"!scope=col| Team!scope=col| From!scope=col| To!scope=col| Matches!scope=col| Wins!scope=col| Losses !scope=col| Ties!scope=col| Win %
id:EU value:darkblue legend:Europe
id:EUD value:purple legend:Tie,_retained_by_Europe
id:US value:red legend:United_States
id:USD value:magenta legend:Tie,_retained_by_United_States
id:GB value:oceanblue legend:Great_Britain_and_Ireland
id:WAR value:gray(0.9)
id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvasPlotData =
id:EUD value:purple legend:Tie,_retained_by_Europe
id:US value:red legend:United_States
id:USD value:magenta legend:Tie,_retained_by_United_States
id:GB value:oceanblue legend:Great_Britain_and_Ireland
id:WAR value:gray(0.9)
id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
color:WAR from:1926 till:1929
color:US from:1927 till:1929
color:GB from:1929 till:1931
color:US from:1931 till:1933
color:GB from:1933 till:1935
color:US from:1935 till:1939
mark:(line,black) color:WAR from:1939 till:1947 align:center text:WW2
color:US from:1947 till:1957
color:GB from:1957 till:1959
color:US from:1959 till:1969
color:USD from:1969 till:1971
color:US from:1971 till:1985
color:EU from:1985 till:1989
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color:EU from:1995 till:1999
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color:US from:2016 till:2018
color:EU from:2018 till:2021
color:US from:2021 till:2023
color:EU from:2023 till:2025
color:US from:1927 till:1929
color:GB from:1929 till:1931
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color:US from:1935 till:1939
mark:(line,black) color:WAR from:1939 till:1947 align:center text:WW2
color:US from:1947 till:1957
color:GB from:1957 till:1959
color:US from:1959 till:1969
color:USD from:1969 till:1971
color:US from:1971 till:1985
color:EU from:1985 till:1989
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color:EU from:1995 till:1999
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color:EU from:2002 till:2008
color:US from:2008 till:2010
color:EU from:2010 till:2016
color:US from:2016 till:2018
color:EU from:2018 till:2021
color:US from:2021 till:2023
color:EU from:2023 till:2025
Editions
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"!# !! Year !! Dates{{efn|Dates include all days on which play took place or was planned to take place.}} !! Winners !! Score !! Hostlocation !! Course !! U.S.captain !! Europeancaptain !! U.S. toppoint scorer{{efn|name=Top Point|If more than one player ties for top points scorer, players with the highest win% are shown}} !! European toppoint scorer{{efn|name=Top Point}}Future venues
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"!Year!Edition!Hosts!Course!Location!Dates!Last hosted!RefFuture European venues
In 2001, the PGA European Tour decided to put out the Ryder Cup hosting rights from 2018 through 2030 to a competitive bid process throughout Europe.WEB,weblink Tour History – 2001, PGA European Tour,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170930222501weblink">weblink 30 September 2017, dead, 2023-10-03,Television
The Ryder Cup matches were always covered by the BBC, whether in Britain or in the United States, even prior to the British team's merger with Europe. But in the 1970s ITV gained the rights to the Ryder Cup showing the 1973, 1975 (in the US), and 1977 cups. ITV had the 1979 rights (hosted in the US, and the first with a European team) but the 1979 Cup ended up not being televised in the UK due to the 1979 ITV strike. In 1981 the BBC regained the rights, covering the 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991 and 1993 cups. In the 1990s, Sky Sports became heavily involved in the Ryder Cup, and has since taken over live coverage, including temporarily rebranding their Sky Sports Golf channel as 'Sky Sports Ryder Cup' for the tournament weekend (since 2014).WEB, When is the Ryder Cup on Sky Sports? Key TV timings, schedule and the ways to watch this week,weblink 2021-09-24, 2021-09-27, Sky Sports, The BBC still screens edited highlights each night.In the United States,WEB,weblink Chronology of Ryder Cup coverage on US TV, Haggar, Jeff, 25 September 2012, Classic TV Sports, the Ryder Cup was first televised live at the 1983 matches in Florida, with ABC Sports covering just the final four holes of the singles matches. A highlight package of the 1985 singles matches was produced by ESPN, but no live coverage aired from England. In 1987, with the matches back in the United States, ABC covered both weekend days, but only in the late afternoon.In 1989, USA Network began a long association with the Ryder Cup by televising all three days live from England, the first live coverage of a Ryder Cup from Europe. This led to a one-year deal for the 1991 matches in South Carolina to be carried by NBCNEWS,weblink The Ryder Cup returns to NBC, NBC Sports, 6 August 2017, 6 August 2017,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170806140431weblink">weblink dead, live on the weekend, with USA Network continuing to provide live coverage of the first day. All five sessions were broadcast for the first time. The success of the 1991 matches led to a contract extension with USA and NBC through 1997, marking a turning point in the competition's popularity. For the European matches, the first two days were taped and aired on delay in the U.S. Another extension with USA and NBC covering the 1999–2003 (later moved to 2004) competitions increased the number of hours of coverage to include the entire first day and most of the second day. Tape delay was still employed for competitions from Europe.The Ryder Cup's increased success led to a landmark contract with NBC (which had recently bought USA Network) to air the 2006–14 competitions on USA and NBC. It called for a record increase in coverage hours, with the second day now having near-complete coverage. Tape delay was last used for the 2006 event in Ireland. In 2006, ESPN was sub-licensed rights to Friday coverage, as part of a larger transaction between NBC and Disney that also resulted in ABC Sports personality Al Michaels moving to NBC to join their then-upcoming Sunday-night NFL games, ESPN gaining expanded access to highlights from events whose rights are owned by NBC, and Disney acquiring the rights to the cartoon character Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (who was created by Walt Disney in 1927 for a series of animated shorts distributed by Universal Pictures).NEWS,weblink Stay 'tooned: Disney gets 'Oswald' for Al Michaels, 9 February 2006, ESPN, 20 July 2017, In 2013, NBC reached a deal to extend its rights to the Ryder Cup and Senior PGA Championship through 2030, with Friday coverage of the Ryder Cup being assumed by Golf Channel.NEWS,weblink NBC Extends Ryder Cup Rights Through 2030, Weisman, Jon, 10 October 2013, Variety, 20 July 2017, MAGAZINE,weblink Perfect complements, Golf Digest, Ron, Sirak, October 10, 2013, 20 July 2017, For 2018, Golf Channel and NBC had a combined total of 30.5 hours of coverage; Golf Channel had 13.5 hours, and NBC had 17 hours. Ninety minutes of Golf Channel and NBC's time overlapped, amounting to a net total of 29 hours of real time coverage.For 2021, Golf Channel and NBC had a combined total of 28 hours of coverage; Golf Channel had 12 hours, and NBC had 16 hours. All broadcasts were also shown on Peacock, along with the websites and mobile apps of both NBC Sports and the Ryder Cup.MAGAZINE, Ryder Cup 2021 TV coverage: How to watch the Ryder Cup on television and streaming online,weblink 2021-09-27, Golf Digest, Ryan, Herrington, September 20, 2021, NEWS, Ryder Cup 2021 tee times, TV schedule, live streams & more to watch Day 3 coverage in USA,weblink 2021-09-27, Sporting News, Madison, Williams, September 26, 2021,Records
{{see also|List of American Ryder Cup golfers|List of European Ryder Cup golfers}}- Most appearances: 12° Phil Mickelson (USA), 1995–2018
- Most points: {{frac|28|1|2}}° Sergio GarcÃa (Eur) (25–13–7 record)
- Most singles points won: 7° Colin Montgomerie (Eur) (6–0–2 record)° Billy Casper (USA) (6–2–2 record)° Lee Trevino (USA) (6–2–2 record)° Arnold Palmer (USA) (6–3–2 record)° Neil Coles (GB, GB&I) (5–6–4 record)
- Most foursomes points won: {{frac|13|1|2}}° Sergio GarcÃa (Eur) (12–4–3 record)
- Most fourball points won: {{frac|10|1|2}}° Ian Woosnam (Eur) (10–3–1 record)° José MarÃa Olazábal (Eur) (9–2–3 record)° Sergio GarcÃa (Eur) (9–4–3 record)
- Most points won by a pairing: 12° Seve Ballesteros and José MarÃa Olazábal (Eur) (11–2–2 record)
- Top point percentage (minimum of 3 Ryder Cup matches)° Jimmy Demaret (USA) (6–0–0) {{Percentage|6|6|1|pad=yes}}° Jack Burke Jr. (USA) (7–1–0) {{Percentage|7|8|1|pad=yes}}° Patrick Cantlay (USA) (3–0–1) {{Percentage|3.5|4|1|pad=yes}}° Horton Smith (USA) (3–0–1) {{Percentage|3.5|4|1|pad=yes}}° Walter Hagen (USA) (7–1–1) {{Percentage|7.5|9|1|pad=yes}}° J. C. Snead (USA) (9–2–0) {{Percentage|9|11|1|pad=yes}}° Sam Snead (USA) (10–2–1) {{Percentage|10.5|13|1|pad=yes}}
- Most points in a single contest: 5° Tony Lema (USA) (5–1–0) 1965° Peter Alliss (GB) (5–1–0) 1965° Gardner Dickinson (USA) (5–0–0) 1967° Arnold Palmer (USA) (5–0–0) 1967° Tony Jacklin (GB) (4–0–2) 1969° Jack Nicklaus (USA) (5–1–0) 1971° Larry Nelson (USA) (5–0–0) 1979° Francesco Molinari (Eur) (5–0–0) 2018° Dustin Johnson (USA) (5–0–0) 2021
- Youngest player: {{Age in years and days|1980|01|09|1999|09|24}}° Sergio GarcÃa (Eur) 1999
- Oldest player: {{Age in years and days|1942|09|04|1993|09|24}}° Raymond Floyd (USA) 1993
Traditions
If one of the golfers is injured and cannot play his singles match, the opposing captain can select one player from his team that he would like to not compete. The nominated player is then matched up against the injured player and the match recorded as a half. There is one stipulation – each captain must place the name of their nominated player in an envelope prior to the start of the matches. The "envelope rule", as it has known, has come into play three times since 1979, including most recently in 1993 when Europe's Sam Torrance suffered a sore left foot. Lanny Wadkins offered to be the player that American captain Tom Watson placed in the envelope, and their match was recorded as halved.WEB,weblink Ryder Cup: Golf Records, Odd Accomplishments and Facts, Matt, Craig, 2 October 2018, Ryder Cup, MAGAZINE,weblink What is the "envelope rule" at the Ryder Cup?, bunkered, 8 September 2021, Teams have also used the competition to pay tribute to recently deceased legends:- In 2012 at Medinah, victorious captain Olazábal dedicated the victory to his countryman Ballesteros. The five-time major champion, who had scored 22{{1/2}} points in 37 matches and been part of four victorious European sides before captaining them to victory on home soil at Valderrama in 1997, had died of brain cancer in May 2011 at the age of 54, and in his memory, Team Europe wore navy blue and white garments – his traditional Sunday colors – on the final day, including during the comeback.NEWS,weblink Ryder Cup 2012: Europe prepare final-day tribute to Seve Ballesteros, Murray, Ewan, 24 September 2012, The Guardian, 27 February 2019, Additionally, the European kit also bore the silhouette of Ballesteros famously pumping his fist after winning the 1984 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews.WEB,weblink Europe Win Ryder Cup In Comeback Sensation, 1 October 2012, Sky Sports,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121112021005weblink">weblink 12 November 2012, dead, WEB,weblink Europe Wins Golf's Ryder Cup, Sky News, October 1, 2012, October 1, 2012,
- In 2016 at Hazeltine, both teams paid tribute to Palmer after he died five days before the competition at the age of 85 while awaiting heart surgery. The seven-time major champion, who had won more than 22 Ryder Cup matches during five American victories (including one as Team USA's last playing captain) and been the non-playing captain during a sixth, had a video tribute and also opening ceremony tributes from both captains (Love and Clarke) and both honorary captains (Nicklaus and Jacklin), and his bag from the 1975 competition at Laurel Valley was placed on the first tee during Friday's opening foursomes in his honor. Team USA also swept the opening foursomes for the first time since 1975, and after Team USA regained the Cup, Love also dedicated the victory to Palmer. Two days after the competition, the majority of Team USA also attended Palmer's public memorial at St. Vincent College in his hometown of Latrobe, Pennsylvania and brought the Cup at the request of Palmer's daughter Amy.WEB,weblink Rickie Fowler takes Ryder Cup trophy to Arnold Palmer's memorial, Kyle, Porter, CBS Sports,
Similar golf events
The Presidents Cup is similar to the Ryder Cup, except that the competing sides are a U.S. side and an International side from the rest of the world consisting of players who are ineligible for the Ryder Cup. It is held in years when there is no Ryder Cup.Other important team golf events between U.S. and either Europe or Great Britain and Ireland include:- Curtis Cup – Event for amateur women between a U.S. side and a team drawn from Great Britain and Ireland.
- Junior Ryder Cup – A match between U.S. and European juniors involving both boys and girls.
- Junior Solheim Cup – A match between U.S. and European junior girls.
- PGA Cup – A match between U.S. and Great Britain and Ireland club professionals.
- Solheim Cup – The women's equivalent of the Ryder Cup, featuring the same U.S. against Europe format.
- Walker Cup – Men's amateur event analogous to the Curtis Cup.
See also
Notes and references
{{Reflist}}External links
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