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LondonLondon Borough of Redbridge>Redbridge, London Borough of Newham, London Borough of Waltham Forest>Waltham Forest, London Borough of Ealing, London Borough of Brent>Brent, London Borough of Hounslow, London Borough of Croydon>Croydon, London Borough of Wandsworth, London Borough of Hillingdon>Hillingdon, London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, London Borough of Harrow>HarrowEnglish language>English (British English, Pakistani English){{·}}Punjabi language{{·}}Urdu and Languages of Pakistan>others|rels = Islam 92% and Christianity 2%British Asian>Asian British people{{·}}Overseas Pakistanis{{·}}Pakistani people}}{{Ethnic London sidebar}}The Pakistani community of London (also called Pakistani Londoners) consist of Pakistani emigrants and their descendants who have settled in London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. Pakistanis in London form the largest concentrated community of British Pakistanis; immigration from regions which now form Pakistan predate Pakistan's independence.WEB,weblink Pakistani London, BBC, 2005-05-26, 2009-05-30, Pakistanis in London represent a diverse mixture of South Asian subgroups including Punjabis, Pashtuns, Muhajirs and smaller numbers of Sindhis and Balochis among others.WEB,weblink The Pakistani Muslim Community in England, The Change Institute, Department for Communities and Local Government, March 2009, 2009-05-30, dead,weblink 2012-09-19, A substantial number of British Pakistanis who arrived to London in the 1960s were qualified teachers, doctors and engineers.

Demographics

(File:Pakistani Greater London 2011 census.png|thumb|centre|400px|Proportion stating that their ethnic group was Pakistani in the 2011 census in Greater London.)Pakistani Londoners are mostly Muslims who speak Urdu and Punjabi amongst other languages.WEB,weblink 20thcentury Pakistani London, Renaissance London, 4 August 2011, 14 September 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110914203657weblink">weblink dead, The main concentrations of Pakistani settlement in London are found in Outer London with the boroughs of Redbridge, Newham and Waltham Forest accounting for nearly 40% of Londoners of Pakistani Descent.{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100% ; font-size: 100%; border: #ffffff solid 1px; text-align: lcenter; margin-bottom: 0;"! align=center colspan=5 style="background:#e7dcc3;"| Top 10 London Boroughs with largest population claiming Pakistani Descent as of 2021! align=center style="background:#e7dcc3;" | Rank! align=center style="background:#e7dcc3;" | Borough! align=center style="background:#e7dcc3;" | Inner / Outer London! align=center style="background:#e7dcc3;" | Population WEB, Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics,weblink 2023-07-16, www.ons.gov.uk, ! align=center style="background:#e7dcc3;" | Percentage WEB, Census Maps - Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics,weblink 2023-07-16, www.ons.gov.uk, 1 align=left London Borough of Redbridge>Redbridge align=left Outer London >| 14.20% 2 align=left London Borough of Newham>Newham align=left Inner London >| 8.90% 3 align=left London Borough of Waltham Forest>Waltham Forest align=left Outer London >| 10.30% 4 align=left London Borough of Hounslow>Hounslow align=left Outer London >| 6.10% 5 align=left London Borough of Ealing>Ealing align=left Outer London >| 4.60% 6 align=left London Borough of Barking and Dagenham>Barking and Dagenham align=left Outer London >| 7.20% 7 align=left London Borough of Croydon>Croydon align=left Outer London >| 3.90% 8 align=left London Borough of Brent>Brent align=left Outer London >| 4.50% 9 align=left London Borough of Hillingdon>Hillingdon align=left Outer London >| 4.70% 10 align=left London Borough of Wandsworth>Wandsworth align=left Inner London >| 3.70% Inner and Outer London Totals - align=left All Inner London Boroughs > Inner London 68,055 1.99% - align=left All Outer London Boroughs > Outer London 222,494 4.05% London Boroughs with population claiming Pakistani ethnicity of more than 2 percent (File:Pak london.pngcentre|London Boroughs with population claiming Pakistani ethnicity of more than 2 percent)Source: Census 2011. Percentage indicates borough population of Pakistan descent

Economics

The main industries which the Pakistani community of London are employed in include wholesale and retail (including self-owned grocery stores or newsagents). In 2001, 0.6% of businesses in London were owned by British Pakistanis.WEB,weblink Pakistani London, Museum of London, 2009-05-30, 20% of London's Pakistani population are self-employed.The percentage of London Pakistanis employed in managerial, senior official or professional occupations is 25%, which is lower than the London average of 32%. However it is higher than the percentage of London Bangladeshis (22%) but lower than Indians (34%) and Other Asians communities (31%).WEB,weblink Pakistani community of London, London Assembly, 4 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090107132929weblink">weblink 7 January 2009, dead, The unemployment rate for Pakistani males and females in London is lower than the national average British Pakistanis living in other regions of Britain. Pakistanis are the only ethnic group (along with White Britons) who have a lower worklessness rate in London than in other areas of Britain.BOOK, Meadows, Pamela,weblink Worklessness in London: explaining the difference between London and the UK, Greater London Authority, London, 2006, 1-85261-818-3, 8, 14 April 2016,

Social class

As of 2001, almost equal amounts of Pakistanis in Inner (45%) and Outer London (46%) were middle class.Middle class by Borough(File:London Pakistani Middle Class.jpg|300px|thumb|London Pakistani middle class){| class="wikitable"! Borough || Pakistani middle class || Overall middle class| N/A| N/A| 37%Source:BOOK,weblink Philip Cohen and Michael J. Rustin, London's turning: Thames Gateway London's turning, The Making of Thames Gateway, January 2008, Ashgate, 9780754670636, 4 August 2011, Between 1991 and 2001, out of the total growth in the London Pakistani population, 52.7% of the growth was in the middle classes.Growth in the middle class as a proportion of all growth{| class="wikitable"! Region || Growth| 36.4%| 39.6%| 52.7%| 52.6%| 52.8%Source:Growth in managers and professionals as a proportion was 22.8% between 1991 and 2001.Growth in managers and professionals as a proportion of all growthFile:Terminal 5 at London Heathrow Airport, 2008.jpg|300px|thumb|Sadiq Khan grew up close to Heathrow AirportHeathrow Airport{| class="wikitable"! Region || Growth| 15.8%| 18%| 22.8%| 22.6%| 23.5%Source:There are stark social differences in Pakistanis living in different boroughs of London. Whilst in Brent and Harrow London Pakistanis are fairly prosperous and mostly Middle Class. The opposite is true in Newham, where they are mostly working class and more likely to suffer from deprivation.WEB,weblink Pakistan Mapping Exercise, 11, IOM London, 4 August 2011, Several upper class Pakistanis also live in London, sometimes only for part of the year. The former Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif and former President and Chief of Army Staff Pervez Musharraf currently reside in London.NEWS,weblink Pervez Musharraf's London pad surrounded by kebab joints, Peter, Dominiczak, 10 September 2009, London Evening Standard, 31 May 2010,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100524060401weblink">weblink 24 May 2010, dead, NEWS,weblink519story_19-5-2010_pg7_27, Baroness Warsi calls on Nawaz Sharif, Daily Times, 19 May 2010, 31 May 2010,

Education

(File:London Pakistanis GCSE Pass Rates 5 A-Cs by Borough.jpg|250px|thumb|London Pakistani GCSE Pass Rates by Borough)(File:Degree Level Qualifications.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Degree Level Qualifications)Key Stage 2Latest figures available, regarding London Pakistanis, by local authority, dated: year 2004.At Key Stage 2 Pakistani children in London have higher attainment rates in both English and Maths, when compared with the British Pakistani average.BOOK,weblinkweblink dead, 1 April 2013, Vision for London 2008-2011: London education on the way to world class, Department for Children, Schools and Families, Nottingham, 2008, 14 April 2016, 978-1-84775-180-5, GCSEsIn contrast to Pakistanis from other regions of Britain. Pakistanis in London achieve above average GCSE Pass Rates. For example, in 2004, 50.2% of London Pakistani boys achieved five or more A*-C grades, compared with the national average of 46.8%. Furthermore, 63.3% of Pakistani girls in London reached that threshold compared to the national average of 57%.BOOK, Richardson, Robin, Angela Wood,weblink The Achievement of British Pakistani Learners, 2004, 2009-05-30, Trentham Books, in association with the Uniting Britain Trust, Ltd., The achievement of Pakistanis in London at GCSE level is 10 percentage points higher than that of Pakistanis throughout England. The highest attainment within London was found in the borough of Redbridge.Degree Level QualificationsPakistani applicants to universities are over-represented by 7.5% from Greater London. In education, Pakistanis in London performed the highest out of all British Pakistanis in the 2001 census. This is not just reflected in above average GCSE pass rates but also in degree level qualifications, with 32% of London Pakistanis having degree level or higher qualifications. This is marginally higher than the London average of 31% and is more than twice as high as the figure for London Bangladeshis (15%), equal to the figure for "Other Asians" and comparable to the figure of 34% for London Indians. Pakistanis in Inner London do slightly better than those in Outer London, with 33% reaching the benchmark compared to 32% in Outer London. The figure is higher than the national average of 20% and almost twice as high as the figure for Pakistanis throughout the UK (18%).Pakistani men are better qualified than the average Londoner, with 37% possessing a degree level or higher qualification, although Pakistani women have fewer educational qualifications, with 27% having the same qualifications. The figure for Pakistani women in London is still higher than the national or British Pakistani national average.WEB,weblink 2001 Census Profiles: Pakistanis in London, Piggott, Gareth, 4 January 2005, Data Management and Analysis Group, 2010-10-15,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100911140212weblink">weblink 11 September 2010, dead,

Religion

In similarity to Pakistanis living in other parts of the UK, 91% of Pakistanis in London are Muslims. The other 6% are made up of people who did not declare their religion; Christians made up 2% and those with no religion made up 1%.WEB,weblink Round Ethnic Group Projections, 2007, Greater London Authority, 4 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110719202621weblink">weblink 19 July 2011, dead, Pakistanis make up only 22% of London's Muslim population, in contrast to 43% for British Pakistanis living throughout the UK.

Notable Londoners of Pakistani origin

• Sajid Javid - is a British Pakistani politician of the Conservative Party and former managing director at Deutsche Bank. He was appointed Home Secretary in April 2018, the first Asian and the first from a Muslim background to hold one of the Great Offices of State.
• Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed (born 1957) - member of the British House of Lords
• Riz Ahmed - also known as Riz MC; British Pakistani actor and rapper from Wembley, London; lead performances in The Road to Guantanamo, Shifty, Britz, Four Lions , The Reluctant Fundamentalist and "(Rogue One: A Star Wars Story)"
• Tariq Ali - British Pakistani historian, novelist, journalist, filmmaker, public intellectual, political campaigner, activist, and commentatorTariq Ali Biography {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001020955weblink |date=2007-10-01 }}, Contemporary Writers, accessed 31 October 2006"As 250 Killed in Clashes Near Afghan Border, British-Pakistani Author Tariq Ali on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Ongoing U.S. Role in Regional Turmoil {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114152714weblink |date=2007-11-14 }}". Democracy Now!. 10 October 2007. Retrieved on 11 October 2007.
• James Caan (born Nazim Khan) - British Pakistani entrepreneur and television personality, best known as a former investor on the BBC programme Dragons' Den
• Anjem Choudary - British Pakistani radical and former head of Islam4UK, which was proscribed by the UK Government in 2010
• Altaf Hussain - British Pakistani politician and fugitive, wanted terrorist in Pakistan; one of the founders and for many years lead the Karachi based Muttahida Qaumi Movement
• Hamzah Sheeraz - British professional boxer who has held the WBO European light-middleweight title since 2019.
• Hasnat Khan - British Pakistani heart and lung surgeon identified as an "ex-lover" of Diana, Princess of Wales, who is said to have described him as "Mr Wonderful"NEWS,weblink Princess Diana's 'Mr Wonderful' Hasnat Khan Still Haunted by her Death, Sky News, 13 January 2008, 25 August 2008,
• Sadiq Khan - British Pakistani Labour Party politician; has been the Mayor of London since 2016. Previously, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tooting since 2005, succeeding Tom Cox as the Labour MP for the seat
• Hanif Kureishi - playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, novelist and short story writerNEWS,weblink Pakistan is in terminal decline, Hasan Suroor, 28 May 2011, The Hindu, 15 July 2011, Chennai, India,
• Mazhar Majeed - British Pakistani sporting agent and bookmaker; arrested by Scotland Yard for allegedly fixing a Test match between England and Pakistan at Lord's
• Sir Anwar Pervez - Pakistan-born businessman; estimated by The Times to be Britain's richest Muslim in 2010;NEWS,weblink Asian entrepreneurs present best way to succeed, Catherine Boyle, 27 March 2010, Times Newspapers, 15 July 2011, London, founder of the Bestway GroupNEWS,weblink The winners, Paul Kelso, 17 June 2002, Guardian News and Media, 15 July 2011, London, WEB,weblink ASIAN OF THE YEAR 1997-98 Sir Mohammed Anwar Pervez OBE, Asian who's who, 4 August 2011,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080112082702weblink">weblink 12 January 2008, dead,
• Owais Shah - cricketer who plays for Middlesex and has appeared for England in a number of One Day Internationals and test matchesNEWS,weblinkweblink 24 May 2022, subscription, live, Shah happy in look and learn mode, Stephen Brenkley, 10 February 2002, The Independent, 15 July 2011, London,

See also

• Pakistan – United Kingdom relations
• List of British Asian people
• British Asian
• British Pakistani
• List of British people of Pakistani descent
• Indo-Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area
• History of the Pakistani Americans in Houston

References

{{reflist}}{{Overseas Pakistani}}{{AsiansinUK}}