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{{short description|Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems}}{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2015}}

factoids

Server (computing)>Server, workstationC (programming language)>C, C++| supported_platforms = Current: SPARC, x86-64Former: IA-32, PowerPCMonolithic kernel>Monolithic with dynamically loadable modules| userland = POSIXGNOMEHTTP://DOCS.ORACLE.COM/CD/E23824_01/HTML/E24456/DESKTOP-123.HTML, Oracle Solaris 11 Desktop Feature Summary, | license = Various| preceded by = SunOS| succeeded by = weblink}}}}Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. After the Sun acquisition by Oracle in 2010, it was renamed Oracle Solaris.WEB , Solaris superseded the company's earlier SunOS in 1993, and became known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originating many innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider.NEWS , Solaris supports SPARC and x86-64 workstations and servers from Oracle and other vendors. Solaris was registered as compliant with the Single UNIX Specification until 29 April 2019.WEB,weblink Open Brand Certificate, Unix 03, Oracle Solaris 11 FCS and later,weblink October 22, 2019, WEB,weblink The Open Brand Register of Certified Products, Wayback machine, January 11, 2020, The Open Group,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20200111125333weblink">weblink January 11, 2020, WEB,weblink The Open Brand Register of Certified Products, The Open Group, Historically, Solaris was developed as proprietary software. In June 2005, Sun Microsystems released most of the codebase under the CDDL license, and founded the OpenSolaris open-source project.WEB , With OpenSolaris, Sun wanted to build a developer and user community around the software. After the acquisition of Sun Microsystems in January 2010, Oracle decided to discontinue the OpenSolaris distribution and the development model.WEB , MAILING LIST,weblink OpenSolaris cancelled, to be replaced with Solaris 11 Express, osol-discuss,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100816225601weblink">weblink Alasdair Lumsden, August 16, 2010, November 24, 2014, In August 2010, Oracle discontinued providing public updates to the source code of the Solaris kernel, effectively turning Solaris 11 back into a closed source proprietary operating system.Solaris still sorta open, but OpenSolaris distro is dead on Ars Technica by Ryan Paul (Aug 16, 2010) Following that, OpenSolaris was forked as Illumos and is alive through several illumos distributions. In September 2017, Oracle laid off most of the Solaris teams.WEB, September 4, 2017, Oracle staff report big layoffs across Solaris, SPARC teams,weblink In 2011, the Solaris 11 kernel source code leaked.Oracle Solaris 11 Kernel Source-Code Leaked on Phoronix by Michael Larabel (on 19 December 2011)Disgruntled employee? Oracle doesn’t seem to care about Solaris 11 code leak on Ars Technica by Sean Gallagher (Dec 21, 2011) Through the Oracle Technology Network (OTN), industry partners can gain access to the in-development Solaris source code. Solaris is developed under a proprietary development model, and only the source for open-source components of Solaris 11 is available for download from Oracle.WEB ,

History

In 1987, AT&T Corporation and Sun announced that they were collaborating on a project to merge the most popular Unix variants on the market at that time: Berkeley Software Distribution, UNIX System V, and Xenix. This became Unix System V Release 4 (SVR4).BOOK , On September 4, 1991, Sun announced that it would replace its existing BSD-derived Unix, SunOS 4, with one based on SVR4. This was identified internally as SunOS 5, but a new marketing name was introduced at the same time: Solaris 2.PRESS RELEASE , The justification for this new overbrand was that it encompassed not only SunOS, but also the OpenWindows graphical user interface and Open Network Computing (ONC) functionality.Although SunOS 4.1.x micro releases were retroactively named Solaris 1 by Sun, the Solaris name is used almost exclusively to refer only to the releases based on SVR4-derived SunOS 5.0 and later.WEB , For releases based on SunOS 5, the SunOS minor version is included in the Solaris release number. For example, Solaris 2.4 incorporates SunOS 5.4. After Solaris 2.6, the 2. was dropped from the release name, so Solaris 7 incorporates SunOS 5.7, and the latest release SunOS 5.11 forms the core of Solaris 11.4.Although SunSoft stated in its initial Solaris 2 press release their intent to eventually support both SPARC and x86 systems, the first two Solaris 2 releases, 2.0 and 2.1, were SPARC-only. An x86 version of Solaris 2.1 was released in June 1993, about 6 months after the SPARC version, as a desktop and uniprocessor workgroup server operating system. It included the Wabi emulator to support Windows applications.NEWS, Noel-Marie, Taylor, Mark, Wallace, Solaris 2.1: The Rise of a New Sun?, PC Magazine, June 15, 1993, 243–244,weblink At the time, Sun also offered the Interactive Unix system that it had acquired from Interactive Systems Corporation.NEWS, Steven J., Vaughan-Nichols, Interactive Unix, PC Magazine, June 15, 1993, 240,weblink In 1994, Sun released Solaris 2.4, supporting both SPARC and x86 systems from a unified source code base.On September 2, 2017, Simon Phipps, a former Sun Microsystems employee not hired by Oracle in the acquisition, reported on Twitter that Oracle had laid off the Solaris core development staff, which many interpreted as sign that Oracle no longer intended to support future development of the platform.WEB,weblink Bye, bye Solaris, it was a nice ride while it lasted, Varghese, Sam, ITWire, en-gb, 2017-09-04, While Oracle did have a large layoff of Solaris development engineering staff, development continued and Solaris 11.4 was released in 2018.NEWS,weblink Continuous Delivery, Really?, Lynn, Scott, 2018-01-23, NEWS,weblink 2017 in Review and Looking ahead to 2018, Lynn, Scott, 2018-01-23,

Supported architectures

Solaris uses a common code base for the platforms it supports: 64-bit SPARC and x86-64.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}Solaris has a reputation for being well-suited to symmetric multiprocessing, supporting a large number of CPUs.NEWS

• Dell – will "test, certify, and optimize Solaris and OpenSolaris on its rack and blade servers and offer them as one of several choices in the overall Dell software menu"WEB

,

• IntelPRESS RELEASE

,

• Hewlett Packard EnterprisePRESS RELEASE

, – distributes and provides software technical support for Solaris on BL, DL, and SL platforms

• Fujitsu SiemensPRESS RELEASE

,

Other platforms

Solaris 2.5.1 included support for the PowerPC platform (PowerPC Reference Platform), but the port was canceled before the Solaris 2.6 release. In January 2006, a community of developers at Blastwave began work on a PowerPC port which they named Polaris.WEB , In October 2006, an OpenSolaris community project based on the Blastwave efforts and Sun Labs' Project Pulsar,WEB , which re-integrated the relevant parts from Solaris 2.5.1 into OpenSolaris,WEB , announced its first official source code release.WEB , A port of Solaris to the Intel Itanium architecture was announced in 1997 but never brought to market.PRESS RELEASE , On November 28, 2007, IBM, Sun, and Sine Nomine Associates demonstrated a preview of OpenSolaris for System z running on an IBM System z mainframe under z/VM,PRESS RELEASE , called Sirius (in analogy to the Polaris project, and also due to the primary developer's Australian nationality: HMS Sirius of 1786 was a ship of the First Fleet to Australia). On October 17, 2008, a prototype release of Sirius was made availableWEB , and on November 19 the same year, IBM authorized the use of Sirius on System z Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) processors.WEB , Solaris also supports the Linux platform application binary interface (ABI), allowing Solaris to run native Linux binaries on x86 systems. This feature is called Solaris Containers for Linux Applications (SCLA), based on the branded zones functionality introduced in Solaris 10 8/07.WEB ,

{{Anchor|SUNFREEWARE}}Installation and usage options

Solaris can be installed from various pre-packaged software groups, ranging from a minimalistic Reduced Network Support to a complete Entire Plus OEM. Installation of Solaris is not necessary for an individual to use the system. The DVD ISO image can be used to load Solaris, running in-memory, rather than initiating the installation.Additional software, like Apache, MySQL, etc. can be installed as well in a packaged form from sunfreewareWEB,weblink Sunfreeware Package List, Sunfreeware, November 24, 2014, and OpenCSW.WEB,weblink OpenCSW Package List, OpenCSW, November 24, 2014, Solaris can be installed from physical media or a network for use on a desktop or server, or be used without installing on a desktop or server.{{clarify|reason=As above|date=March 2023}}{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}

{{Anchor|SUPPORTSRU}}Updates

There are several types of updates within each major release, including the Software Packages, and the Oracle Solaris Image. {{expandsection|date=December 2023}}Additional minor updates called Support Repository Updates (SRUs) and Critical Patch Update Packages (CPUs), require a support credential, thus are not freely available to the public.WEB, Accessing Support Updates,weblink Oracle,weblink December 22, 2022, 1, english,

Desktop environments

(File:Sol24-telnet.png|alt=Solaris 2.4 (86Box) connected through Telnet on a virtual machine running Dell Unix. (also on 86Box)|thumb|Solaris 2.4 via Telnet) Early releases of Solaris used OpenWindows as the standard desktop environment. In Solaris 2.0 to 2.2, OpenWindows supported both NeWS and X applications, and provided backward compatibility for SunView applications from Sun's older desktop environment. NeWS allowed applications to be built in an object-oriented way using PostScript, a common printing language released in 1982. The X Window System originated from MIT's Project Athena in 1984 and allowed for the display of an application to be disconnected from the machine where the application was running, separated by a network connection. Sun's original bundled SunView application suite was ported to X.Sun later dropped support for legacy SunView applications and NeWS with OpenWindows 3.3, which shipped with Solaris 2.3, and switched to X11R5 with Display Postscript support. The graphical look and feel remained based upon OPEN LOOK. OpenWindows 3.6.2 was the last release under Solaris 8. The OPEN LOOK Window Manager (olwm) with other OPEN LOOK specific applications were dropped in Solaris 9, but support libraries were still bundled, providing long term binary backwards compatibility with existing applications. The OPEN LOOK Virtual Window Manager (olvwm) can still be downloaded for Solaris from sunfreeware and works on releases as recent as Solaris 10. Sun and other Unix vendors created an industry alliance to standardize Unix desktops. As a member of the Common Open Software Environment (COSE) initiative, Sun helped co-develop the Common Desktop Environment (CDE). This was an initiative to create a standard Unix desktop environment. Each vendor contributed different components: Hewlett-Packard contributed the window manager, IBM provided the file manager, and Sun provided the e-mail and calendar facilities as well as drag-and-drop support (ToolTalk). This new desktop environment was based upon the Motif look and feel and the old OPEN LOOK desktop environment was considered legacy. CDE unified Unix desktops across multiple open system vendors. CDE was available as an unbundled add-on for Solaris 2.4 and 2.5, and was included in Solaris 2.6 through 10. In 2001, Sun issued a preview release of the open-source desktop environment GNOME 1.4, based on the GTK+ toolkit, for Solaris 8.WEB , Solaris 9 8/03 introduced GNOME 2.0 as an alternative to CDE. Solaris 10 includes Sun's Java Desktop System (JDS), which is based on GNOME and comes with a large set of applications, including StarOffice, Sun's office suite. Sun describes JDS as a "major component" of Solaris 10.WEB , The Java Desktop System is not included in Solaris 11 which instead ships with a stock version of GNOME.WEB,weblink Oracle Solaris 11 Desktop Feature Summary - Transitioning From Oracle Solaris 10 to Oracle Solaris 11, March 1, 2011, Oracle Corporation, November 24, 2014, Likewise, CDE applications are no longer included in Solaris 11, but many libraries remain for binary backwards compatibility.The open source desktop environments KDE and Xfce, along with numerous other window managers, also compile and run on recent versions of Solaris.Sun was investing in a new desktop environment called Project Looking Glass since 2003. The project has been inactive since late 2006.WEB ,

License

Traditional operating system license (1992 to 2004)

For versions up to 2005 (Solaris 9), Solaris was licensed under a license that permitted a customer to buy licenses in bulk, and install the software on any machine up to a maximum number. The key license grant was:{{blockquote|License to Use. Customer is granted a non-exclusive and non-transferable license ("License") for the use of the accompanying binary software in machine-readable form, together with accompanying documentation ("Software"), by the number of users and the class of computer hardware for which the corresponding fee has been paid.}}In addition, the license provided a "License to Develop" granting rights to create derivative works, restricted copying to only a single archival copy, disclaimer of warranties, and the like. The license varied only little through 2004.

Open source (2005 until March 2010)

From 2005–10, Sun began to release the source code for development builds of Solaris under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL) via the OpenSolaris project. This code was based on the work being done for the post-Solaris 10 release (code-named "Nevada"; eventually released as Oracle Solaris 11). As the project progressed, it grew to encompass most of the necessary code to compile an entire release, with a few exceptions.WEB ,

Post-Sun closed source (March 2010 to present)

When Sun was acquired by Oracle in 2010, the OpenSolaris project was discontinued after the board became unhappy with Oracle's stance on the project.WEB , In March 2010, the previously freely available Solaris 10 was placed under a restrictive license that limited the use, modification and redistribution of the operating system.WEB , The license allowed the user to download the operating system free of charge, through the Oracle Technology Network, and use it for a 90-day trial period. After that trial period had expired the user would then have to purchase a support contract from Oracle to continue using the operating system.With the release of Solaris 11 in 2011, the license terms changed again. The new license allows Solaris 10 and Solaris 11 to be downloaded free of charge from the Oracle Technology Network and used without a support contract indefinitely; however, the license only expressly permits the user to use Solaris as a development platform and expressly forbids commercial and "production" use.WEB , Educational use is permitted in some circumstances. From the OTN license:{{blockquote|If You are an educational institution vested with the power to confer official high school, associate, bachelor, master and/or doctorate degrees, or local equivalent, ("Degree(s)"), You may also use the Programs as part of Your educational curriculum for students enrolled in Your Degree program(s) solely as required for the conferral of such Degree (collectively "Educational Use").}}When Solaris is used without a support contract it can be upgraded to each new "point release"; however, a support contract is required for access to patches and updates that are released monthly.WEB ,

Version history

(File:Solaris 9 logo.png|thumb|200px|Solaris logo used until Solaris 9)(File:Solaris OS logo.svg|thumb|200px|Solaris logo introduced with Solaris 10 and used until Oracle's acquisition of Sun)Notable features of Solaris include DTrace, Doors, Service Management Facility, Solaris Containers, Solaris Multiplexed I/O, Solaris Volume Manager, ZFS, and Solaris Trusted Extensions.Updates to Solaris versions are periodically issued. In the past, these were named after the month and year of their release, such as "Solaris 10 1/13"; as of Solaris 11, sequential update numbers are appended to the release name with a period, such as "Oracle Solaris 11.4".In ascending order, the following versions of Solaris have been released:{{Version|t|show=111100}}{| class="wikitable"! rowspan=2 | Solaris version! rowspan=2 | SunOS version! colspan=2 | Release date! rowspan="2" | End of supportWEB , !Basis! rowspan=2 | License form! rowspan=2 | Major new features! SPARC! x86!SPARC/x86o| 1.x}}| 4.1.x 1991–1994 – September 2003|4.3BSD Traditional license| SunOS 4 rebranded as Solaris 1 for marketing purposes. See SunOS article for more information.o| 2.0}}| 5.0 June 1992 – January 1999|SVR4 Traditional license| Preliminary release (primarily available to developers only), support for only the sun4c architecture. First appearance of NIS+.WEB , o| 2.1}}| 5.1 December 1992 May 1993 April 1999|SVR4 Traditional licenseSupport for sun4 and sun4m architectures added; first Solaris x86 release. First Solaris 2 release to support symmetric multiprocessing>SMP.o| 2.2}}| 5.2 May 1993 – May 1999|SVR4 Traditional licenseFirst to support sun4d architecture. First to support Thread (computing)>multithreading libraries (UI threads API in libthread).WEB o| 2.3}}| 5.3 November 1993 – June 2002|SVR4 Traditional license| SPARC-only release. OpenWindows 3.3 switches from NeWS to Display PostScript and drops SunView support. Support added for autofs and CacheFS filesystems.o| 2.4}}| 5.4 November 1994 September 2003|SVR4 Traditional licenseMotif (software)>OSF/Motif runtime support.o| 2.5}}| 5.5 November 1995 December 2003|SVR4 Traditional licenseFirst to support UltraSPARC and include CDE, Network File System (protocol)>NFSv3 and NFS/TCP. Dropped sun4 (VMEbus) support. POSIX.1c-1995 pthreads added. Doors added but undocumented.WEB , o| 2.5.1}}| 5.5.1 May 1996 September 2005|SVR4 Traditional license| The only Solaris release that supports PowerPC;There was a later PPC port with help from Sun, based on OpenSolaris that was withdrawn because the related hardware could not be produced in a RoHS compliant variant Ultra Enterprise support added; user and group IDs (uid_t, gid_t) expanded to 32 bits,WEB , also included processor setsWEB , and early resource management technologies.o| 2.6}}| 5.6 July 1997 July 2006|SVR4 Traditional licenseKerberos (protocol)>Kerberos 5, PAM, TrueType fonts, WebNFS, large file support, enhanced procfs. SPARCserver 600MP series support dropped.WEB , Last update was Solaris 2.6 5/98.o| 7}}| 5.7 November 1998 August 2008|SVR4 Traditional licenseThe first 64-bit UltraSPARC release. Added native support for file system meta-data logging (Unix File System>UFS logging). Dropped MCA support on x86 platform. Sun dropped the prefix "2." in the Solaris version number, leaving "Solaris 7". Last update was Solaris 7 11/99.WEB , o| 8}}| 5.8 February 2000 March 2012|SVR4 Traditional licenseSolaris Multiplexed I/O>Multipath I/O, Solaris Volume Manager,HTTP://WWW.SUN.COM/SOFTWARE/SOLARIS/8/DS/DS-SOL8OE/INDEX.XMLPUBLISHER=SUN MICROSYSTEMSARCHIVE-DATE=AUGUST 3, 2009IP network multipathing>IPMP, first support for IPv6 and IPsec (manual keying only), mdb Modular Debugger. Introduced Role-Based Access Control (RBAC); sun4c support removed. Last update is Solaris 8 2/04.WEB , o| 9}}| 5.9 May 28, 2002 January 10, 2003 October 2014|SVR4 Traditional licenseExtended file attributes#Solaris>extended file attributes, Internet key exchange IPsec keying, and Linux compatibility added; OpenWindows dropped, sun4d support removed. Most current update is Solaris 9 9/05 HW.SOLAIRIS OPERATING SYSTEM - RELEASESPUBLISHER=ORACLE, February 4, 2015, co| 10}}| 5.10 January 2027|SVR4Solaris (operating system)#Post-Sun closed source (March 2010 to present)>Post-Oracle closed sourceIncludes x86-64 (AMD64/Intel 64) support, DTrace (Dynamic Tracing), Solaris Containers, Service Management Facility (SMF) which replaces init.d scripts, Network File System (protocol)>NFSv4. Least privilege security model. Support for sun4m and UltraSPARC I processors removed. Support for EISA-based PCs removed. Adds Java Desktop System (based on GNOME) as default desktop.WEB ,

• Solaris 10 1/06 (known internally as "U1") added the GRUB bootloader for x86 systems, iSCSI Initiator support and fcinfo command-line tool.
• Solaris 10 6/06 ("U2") added the ZFS filesystem.
• Solaris 10 11/06 ("U3") added Solaris Trusted Extensions and Logical Domains (sun4v).
• Solaris 10 8/07 ("U4") added Samba Active Directory support,WEB

, IP Instances (part of the OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control project), iSCSI Target support and Solaris Containers for Linux Applications (based on branded zones), enhanced version of the Resource Capping Daemon (rcapd).

• Solaris 10 5/08 ("U5") added CPU capping for Solaris Containers, performance improvements, SpeedStep support for Intel processors and PowerNow! support for AMD processors.WEB

, WEB ,

• Solaris 10 10/08 ("U6") added boot from ZFS and can use ZFS as its root file system. Solaris 10 10/08 also includes virtualization enhancements including the ability for a Solaris Container to automatically update its environment when moved from one system to another, Logical Domains support for dynamically reconfigurable disk and network I/O, and paravirtualization support when Solaris 10 is used as a guest OS in Xen-based environments such as Sun xVM Server.WEB

,

• Solaris 10 5/09 ("U7") added performance and power management support for Intel Nehalem processors, container cloning using ZFS cloned file systems, and performance enhancements for ZFS on solid-state drives.
• Solaris 10 10/09 ("U8") added user and group level ZFS quotas, ZFS cache devices and nss_ldap shadowAccount Support, improvements to patching performance.WEB

,

• Solaris 10 9/10 ("U9") added physical to zone migration, ZFS triple parity RAID-Z and Oracle Solaris Auto Registration.WEB

,

• Solaris 10 8/11 ("U10") added ZFS speedups and new features, Oracle Database optimization, faster reboot on SPARC system.WEB

, WEB ,

• Solaris 10 1/13 ("U11") see release notes.WEB

, WEB , o|11 Express 2010.11}}| 5.11 November 2011|SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| Adds new packaging system (IPS – Image Packaging System) and associated tools, ZFS (only) for boot, 1 GB RAM min., x86, Solaris 10 Containers, network virtualization and quality of service (QoS), virtual consoles, ZFS encryption and deduplication, fast reboot,WEB , updated GNOME. Removed Xsun, CDE,WEB , and the /usr/ucb BSD-compatible commands{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}o|11}}| 5.11 | {{dunno}}|SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| New features and enhancements (compared to Solaris 10) in software packaging, network virtualization, server virtualization, storage, security and hardware support:

• Packaging: Image Packaging System, network and local package repositories; Automated Installer to automated provisioning, including Zones; Distro Constructor to create ISO 9660 filesystem images;
• Network: network virtualization (vNICs, vSwitches, vRouters) and QoS, Exclusive–IP default for Zones, the dladm utility to manage data links, the ipadm utility to manage IP configuration (including IPMP), ProFTPD and enhancements;
• Zones: Immutable (read–only) Zones, NFS servers in zones, delegated administration, P2V pre–flight check, the zonestat utility coupled with the libzonestat dynamically linked library;
• Security: root as a role, netcat and enhancements;
• Storage: ZFS shadow migration, ZFS backup/restore with NDMP, recursive ZFS send;
• Hardware support: SPARC T4, critical threads, SDP enabled and optimized, including support for Zones, SR-IOV, Intel AVX;
• UEFI Boot support (Solaris 11.1 onwards on x86)
• UltraSPARC II, III, IV series support removed; IA-32 architecture support removed.WEB

, o|11.1}}| 5.11 | {{dunno}}|SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| New features and enhancements:WEB , WEB , WEB ,

• Installer enhancements
• Service Management Facility configuration improvements
• Zone improvements
• Address space layout randomization
• Per-file authorization to edit administrative files using pfedit commandWEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20121030145536weblink">weblink 2012-10-30, live, Oracle Solaris 11.1 — What's New, March 21, 2013, Oracle,

o|11.2}}| 5.11 | {{dunno}}|SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| New features and enhancements:PRESS RELEASE ,

• Integrated hypervisor
• Kernel Zones
• Full OpenStack distribution
• Automation of software patches and updates, and other packaging improvementsWEB

,

• Software-defined networking

co|11.3}}| 5.11 January 2027|SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| New features and enhancements:PRESS RELEASE ,

• Live migration of Solaris Kernel Zones
• InfiniBand support for Kernel Zones
• Virtual Clocks for Solaris Zones
• ZFS LZ4
• SMB 2.1
• Private VLAN
• VNICs on IPoIB
• Periodic and Scheduled Services
• Tailored Compliance Reporting
• OpenBSD 5.5 Packet Filter
• Deferred Dump
• Integration with OpenStack Juno

c|11.4}}| 5.11 November 2037JANUARY 24, 2024 >TITLE=ORACLE AND SUN SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS PAGE=40, 18 February 2024, |SVR4 Post-Oracle closed source| New features and enhancements:PRESS RELEASE ,

• CPUs with OSA2011 architecture required (UltraSPARC T4, SPARC64 X, or better)WEB,weblink Oracle Solaris 11.3 Support (Doc ID 2382427.1), 2020-03-09,
• ZFS Top-Level Device Removal. zpool remove
• Solaris Web Dashboard and Analytics (sstore)
• Native Zones: Live Zone Reconfiguration for Datasets
• GNOME 3 instead of the GNOME 2 desktopWEB, Coopersmith, Alan, Using GNOME 3 in Oracle Solaris 11.4,weblink Oracle Solaris Blog,

{{Timeline Solaris}} A more comprehensive summary of some Solaris versions is also available.WEB , Solaris releases are also described in the Solaris 2 FAQ.WEB ,

Development release

The underlying Solaris codebase has been under continuous development since work began in the late 1980s on what was eventually released as Solaris 2.0. Each version such as Solaris 10 is based on a snapshot of this development codebase, taken near the time of its release, which is then maintained as a derived project. Updates to that project are built and delivered several times a year until the next official release comes out.The Solaris version under development by Sun since the release of Solaris 10 in 2005, was codenamed Nevada, and is derived from what is now the OpenSolaris codebase.In 2003, an addition to the Solaris development process was initiated. Under the program name Software Express for Solaris (or just Solaris Express), a binary release based on the current development basis was made available for download on a monthly basis, allowing anyone to try out new features and test the quality and stability of the OS as it progressed to the release of the next official Solaris version.PRESS RELEASE , A later change to this program introduced a quarterly release model with support available, renamed Solaris Express Developer Edition (SXDE).In 2007, Sun announced Project Indiana with several goals, including providing an open source binary distribution of the OpenSolaris project, replacing SXDE.WEB , The first release of this distribution was OpenSolaris 2008.05.The Solaris Express Community Edition (SXCE) was intended specifically for OpenSolaris developers.WEB , It was updated every two weeks until it was discontinued in January 2010, with a recommendation that users migrate to the OpenSolaris distribution.WEB , Although the download license seen when downloading the image files indicates its use is limited to personal, educational and evaluation purposes, the license acceptance form displayed when the user actually installs from these images lists additional uses including commercial and production environments.SXCE releases terminated with build 130 and OpenSolaris releases terminated with build 134 a few weeks later. The next release of OpenSolaris based on build 134 was due in March 2010, but it was never fully released, though the packages were made available on the package repository. Instead, Oracle renamed the binary distribution Solaris 11 Express, changed the license terms and released build 151a as 2010.11 in November 2010.

Open source derivatives

Current

{{See also|OpenSolaris#Derivatives|illumos#Current distributions|Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions}}

• illumos – A fully open source fork of the project, started in 2010 by a community of Sun OpenSolaris engineers and Nexenta OS. OpenSolaris was not 100% open source: Some drivers and some libraries were property of other companies that Sun (now Oracle) licensed and was not able to release.
• OpenIndiana – A project under the illumos umbrella aiming "... to become the de facto OpenSolaris distribution installed on production servers where security and bug fixes are required free of charge."{{Citation

• SchilliX{{Citation

}} – The first LiveCD released after OpenSolaris code was opened to public.

• napp-it{{Citation

}} – A webmanaged ZFS storage appliance based on Solaris and the free forks like OmniOS with a Free and Pro edition.

• NexentaStor – Optimized for storage workloads, based on Nexenta OS.
• SmartOS – Virtualization centered derivative from MNX Solutions (previously Joyent).

Discontinued

• OpenSolaris – A project initiated by Sun Microsystems, discontinued after the acquisition by Oracle.
• Nexenta OS (discontinued October 31, 2012) – First distribution based on Ubuntu userland with Solaris-derived kernel.{{Citation

}}

• StormOS (discontinued September 14, 2012{{Citation

}}) – A lightweight desktop OS based on Nexenta OS and Xfce.

• MartUX{{Citation

}}{{Citation }} in summer of 2006, the first straight OpenSolaris distribution for SPARC (not to be confused with GNOME metacity theme). It was later re-branded as MartUX and the next releases included full SPARC installers in addition to the Live media. Much later, MartUX was re-branded as OpenSXCE when it moved to the first OpenSolaris release to support both SPARC and Intel architectures after Sun was acquired by Oracle.WEB,weblink Tab Update: OpenSXCE March 2013 Distribution, Network Management, March 13, 2013,

• MilaX – A small Live CD/Live USB{{Citation

}}{{Citation

• Dyson – illumos kernel with GNU userland and packages from Debian. Project is no longer active and the website is offline.
• EON ZFS Storage{{Citation

}} – A NAS implementation targeted at embedded systems.

• Jaris OS – Live DVD and also installable.{{Citation|title=Project Jaris |url=http://jaris.jp/index2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722111050weblink |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }} Pronounced according to the IPA{{how|date=September 2020}} but in English as Yah-Rees. This distribution has been heavily modified to fully support a version of Wine called Madoris that can install and run Windows programs at native speed. Jaris stands for "Japanese Solaris". Madoris is a combination of the Japanese word for Windows "mado" and Solaris.
• OpenSXCE – An OpenSolaris distribution release for both 32-bit and 64-bit x86 platforms and SPARC microprocessors, initially produced from OpenSolaris source code repository, ported to the illumos source code repository to form OpenIndiana's first151a0 (and soon to be last) SPARC distribution.{{Citation

Reception

• Robert Lipschutz and Gregg Harrington from PC Magazine reviewed Solaris 9 in 2002:MAGAZINE,weblink Solaris 9: Not Flashy but Solid, PC Magazine, May 7, 2002,

{{cquote|All in all, Sun has stayed the course with Solaris 9. While its more user-friendly management is welcome, that probably won't be enough to win over converts. What may is the platform's reliability, flexibility, and power.}}

• Robert Lipschutz also reviewed Solaris 10:MAGAZINE,weblink Solaris 10, PC Magazine, March 31, 2005,

{{cquote|Be that as it may, since the Solaris 10 download is free, it behooves any IT manager to load it on an extra server and at least give it a try.}}

• Tom Henderson reviewed Solaris 10 for Network World:WEB,weblink Solaris 10 heads for Linux territory, Tom, Henderson, Network World, February 28, 2005,

{{cquote|Solaris 10 provides a flexible background for securely dividing system resources, providing performance guarantees and tracking usage for these containers. Creating basic containers and populating them with user applications and resources is simple. But some cases may require quite a bit of fine-tuning.}}

• Robert Escue for OSNews:WEB,weblink Review of Solaris 10, Robert, Escue, March 2, 2005, OSNews,

{{cquote|I think that Sun has put some really nice touches on Solaris 10 that make it a better operating system for both administrators and users. The security enhancements are a long time coming, but are worth the wait. Is Solaris 10 perfect, in a word no it is not. But for most uses, including a desktop OS I think Solaris 10 is a huge improvement over previous releases.}}

• Thomas Greene for The Register:WEB,weblink Sun's Linux killer shows promise, Thomas C, Greene, August 16, 2005, The Register,

{{cquote|We've had fun with Solaris 10. It's got virtues that we definitely admire. What it needs to compete with Linux will be easier to bring about than what it's already got. It could become a Linux killer, or at least a serious competitor on Linux's turf. The only question is whether Sun has the will to see it through.}}

See also

• IBM AIX
• HP-UX
• illumos
• Trusted Solaris
• Oracle VM Server for SPARC

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

• {{Official website}}
• Solaris Documentation
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525101430weblink |title= Oracle SPARC and Solaris Public Roadmap}}
• Lifetime Support Policy: Oracle and Sun System Software and Operating Systems
• {{curlie|Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Solaris|Solaris}}
• SunHELP – Sun/Solaris News, References, and Information
• Nikolai Bezroukov. Solaris vs. Linux: Ecosystem-based Approach and Framework for the Comparison in Large Enterprise Environments – Large Softpanorama article comparing Solaris 10 and Linux 2.6
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126085820weblink |title=Everything Solaris}} – Solaris information site by Michael Holve

{{Unix-like}}{{Oracle}}{{Solaris}}{{Operating system}}{{Sun Microsystems}}{{GNOME}}