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{{Short description|none}}This article contains a representative list of notable databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in
academic journals,
institutional repositories, archives, or other collections of
scientific and
other articles. Databases and search engines differ substantially in terms of coverage and retrieval qualities.JOURNAL, Gusenbauer M, 2019, Google Scholar to overshadow them all? Comparing the sizes of 12 academic search engines and bibliographic databases, Scientometrics, en, 118, 1, 177–214, 10.1007/s11192-018-2958-5, 53249161, 0138-9130,
resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubl:3-289, free, Users need to account for qualities and limitations of databases and search engines, especially those searching systematically for records such as in systematic reviews or meta-analyses.JOURNAL, Gusenbauer M, Haddaway NR, Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta-analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources, Research Synthesis Methods, 11, 2, 181–217, March 2020, 31614060, 7079055, 10.1002/jrsm.1378, As the distinction between a
database and a
search engine is unclear for these complex
document retrieval systems, see:
- the general list of search engines for all-purpose search engines that can be used for academic purposes
- the article about bibliographic databases for information about databases giving bibliographic information about finding books and journal articles.
The terms “free”, “subscription”, and “free & subscription” will refer to the availability of the website as well as the journal articles used. Furthermore, some programs are only partly free (for example, accessing abstracts or a small number of items), whereas complete access is prohibited (login or institutional subscription required).The “Size” column denotes the number of documents (articles, publications, datasets, preprints) rather than the number of citations or references. The database itself should be the primary source of statistics, and if it is not accessible, the independent estimates released as journal papers should be. Notably, Google Scholar does not offer such detail, but the database’s size has been calculated.
Operating services
{{Dynamic list}}
Full-text aggregators
The main academic
full-text databases are
open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as
mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and
full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.This list focuses on general-purpose services;
OpenDOAR can be used to find thousands of
open-access repositories. The table is sorted by the number of works for which full-text is made available.{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%”
|
! Name! Discipline(s)! data-sort-type=“number“|Size (full-texts)! Description! Access cost! Open data! Provider(s)
|
|Internet Archive Scholar| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|25,000,000|Focus on fulltext search of open access journals and conference proceedings | Free}}|{{yes}}|Internet Archive |
|
| CORE (research service)>CORED-LIB MAGAZINE>URL=HTTP://WWW.DLIB.ORG/DLIB/NOVEMBER12/KNOTH/11KNOTH.PRINT.HTML | WEBSITE=WWW.DLIB.ORG, |Multidisciplinary | | | WEBSITE=CORE, May 9, 2022, )|A full text aggregator of all open access papers from repositories (institutional, subject, preprints, etc.) and journals. Around 20 million monthly active users. | Free}}|{{no}}|Open University |
|
| CiteSeerXLI H, COUNCILL I, LEE WC, GILES CL | CHAPTER=CITESEERX | SERIES=WWW ‘06 | PUBLISHER=ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY | DOI=10.1145/1135777.1135926 | S2CID=708965, |Multidisciplinary |8,401,126|Replaced CiteSeer, and ChemXSeer. Mainly Computer science, Statistics, Mathematics. | Free}} | Semi-free}}HTTPS://CSXSTATIC.IST.PSU.EDU/DOWNLOADS/DATA >TITLE=CITESEERX DATA | ACCESS-DATE=MAY 9, 2022, |Pennsylvania State University |
|
| PaperityWOJNARSKI M, KURTZ DH | TITLE=PAPERITY CENTRAL: AN OPEN CATALOG OF ALL SCHOLARLY LITERATURE | LANGUAGE=EN | PAGES=E8462 | ISSN=2367-7163, free, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|10,500,000|Full-text aggregator of open access journals and papers (>17,000 journals) from all academic disciplines. | Free}} | | ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-12, paperity.org, | Paperity>Paperity Sp. z o.o. |
|
|Semantic Scholar| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary | | WEBSITE=ALLENAI.ORG, {{Dead link | bot=InternetArchiveBot | | WEBSITE=SEMANTIC SCHOLAR, May 9, 2022, ) | Semantic analysis (linguistics)>semantic analysis. | Free}} | Semi-free}}|Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence |
|
| Europe PubMed Central>Europe PMCEUROPE PMC: A FULL-TEXT LITERATURE DATABASE FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES AND PLATFORM FOR INNOVATION > JOURNAL = NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH | ISSUE = DATABASE ISSUE | DATE = JANUARY 2015 | PMC = 4383902 | URL =, Europe PMC Consortium, | Medical research>Biomedical|7,500,000 (39,000,000 metadata) | List of life sciences>life sciences articles (Dec 2020). Includes text mining tools and links to external molecular and medical data sets. | Free}}|{{yes}} | European Bioinformatics Institute>EMBL-EBI |
|
| PubMed Central (PMC)ROBERTS | DATE=2001-01-16 | JOURNAL=PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES | VOLUME=98 | PAGES=381–382 | ISSN=0027-8424 | PMID=11209037 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE, | Biomedical, List of life sciences>life sciences|7,500,000|Free full-text archive of publications and preprints | Free}}|{{yes}} | National Institutes of Health>NIH, NLM |
|
|ResearchGate| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary | date=March 2022}}|Commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers. Over 19 million registered users that share their articles, datasets and other research output. | Free}}|{{no}}|ResearchGate GmbH |
|
| SSRN: Social Science Research Network)|Social science|950,733|Research papers from more than 55 disciplines | Free & Subscription}}|{{no}}|Elsevier |
|
| HAL (open archive)>HAL | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary | | Free}}|{{yes}}|CNRS’s Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe (CCSD) |
|
| RePEc: Research Papers in Economics)ZIMMERMANN>FIRST=CHRISTIAN | TITLE=ACADEMIC RANKINGS WITH REPEC | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=3 | DOI=10.3390/ECONOMETRICS1030249 | HDL=10419/103628, free, |Economics | | WEBSITE=WWW.BASE-SEARCH.NET, |Working papers, journal articles, books, books chapters and software components (including 1.2 million full-text articles) | Free}}||IDEAS: Federal Reserve Bank of St. LouisEconPapers: Örebro University School of Business |
|
|PhilPapers|Philosophy | Free}}||PhilPapers |
|
| ERIC: Educational Resource Information Center)LASHWAY L >URL=HTTPS://ERIC.ED.GOV/?ID=ED466023 | DATE=2002 | LANGUAGE=EN, |Education|Unknown (1,500,000 metadata)|Education literature and resources dating back to 1966. | Free & Subscription}}| | United States Department of Education (available by subscription from Online Computer Library Center>OCLC, CSA) |
|
| DATE=2 AUGUST 2023, SYNTHICAL {{!, AI-powered research environment >url=https://synthical.com/ |access-date=2024-05-21}}|Multidisciplinary | | Free}}|{{yes}}|Synthical |
|
| ZendyHTTPS://ZENDY.IO, Zendy Online Library provides Open Access content available worldwide., |Multidisciplinary | conference proceedings, indexed journals, books, and book chapters from open access sources. Content is available in 38 languages, covering various subjects and disciplines. | Free & Subscription}}|{{yes}}|Knowledge E, Zendy |
Metadata services
{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%”|
! Name! Discipline(s)! data-sort-type=“number“|Size! Description! Access cost! Provider(s)
|
| AGRIS: Agricultural database)BARTOL T >DATE=2009 | URL=HTTP://WWW.INDERSCIENCE.COM/LINK.PHP?ID=26249 | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1/2 | DOI=10.1504/IJMSO.2009.026249, 1744-2621, |Agriculture|12,021,578 | forestry, animal husbandry, aquatic sciences and Fishery>fisheries, human nutrition, extension literature from over 100 countries. Indexes unpublished scientific and technical reports, theses, conference papers, government publications. | Free}} | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations>FAO |
|
| Arachne (archaeological database)>ArachneSCRIBA G, STOCKINGER U >DATE=2016 | TITLE=TIMEO INTERRETEM ET DONA FERENTEM. ON ARACHNE AND THE POTENTIAL AND LIMITS OF PUBLISHING ARCHAEOLOGICAL CATALOGUES ONLINE | JOURNAL=ENTRE CIêNCIA E CULTURA: DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE à TRANSVERSALIDADE DA ARQUEOLOGIA. ACTAS DAS VIII JORNADAS DE JOVENS EM INVESTIGAçãO ARQUEOLóGICA | PUBLISHER=CHAM | ISBN=978-989-8492-44-9, |Archaeology, Art history|4,485,534|2.4 million digital images from archive material, 1 million of books, 40,000 high quality scans of ancient sculptures, 300 volumes of ancient books with more than 60,000 pages | Free}} | German Archaeological Institute>DAI & University of Cologne |
|
| Arnetminer>AMinerTANG J >TITLE=PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB SEARCH AND DATA MINING | DATE=2016-02-08 | SERIES=WSDM ‘16 | PUBLISHER=ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY | DOI=10.1145/2835776.2835849 | S2CID=4323741, |Computer Science|265,034,285|Online service used to index and search academic social networks | Free}}|Tsinghua University |
|
| Arts & Humanities Citation IndexLEYDESDORFF L, HAMMARFELT B, SALAH A | TITLE=THE STRUCTURE OF THE ARTS & HUMANITIES CITATION INDEX: A MAPPING ON THE BASIS OF AGGREGATED CITATIONS AMONG 1,157 JOURNALS | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=12 | DOI=10.1002/ASI.21636 | S2CID=5640897, 1532-2890, |Arts, Humanities|4,900,000|Part of Web of Science. 1,800 journals across 28 arts & humanities disciplines. Records back from 1975 to present. | Subscription}}|Clarivate Analytics |
|
| Astrophysics Data SystemKURTZ MJ, EICHHORN G, ACCOMAZZI A, GRANT C, DEMLEITNER M, MURRAY SS | TITLE=WORLDWIDE USE AND IMPACT OF THE NASA ASTROPHYSICS DATA SYSTEM DIGITAL LIBRARY | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.1002/ASI.20095 | BIBCODE=2005JASIS..56...36K | ISSN=1532-2890, |Astrophysics, Geophysics, Physics|13,300,000|Publications in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics, and the arXiv e-prints | Free}}|Harvard University |
|
| ATLA Religion DatabaseMCDONOUGH K | TITLE=ATLA RELIGION DATABASE WITH ATLASERIALS PLUS | JOURNAL=THE CHARLESTON ADVISOR | ISSUE=3, 14–17, |Religious studies|3,000,000|Provides information on topics such as biblical studies, world religions, church history, and religion in social issues | Subscription}}|EBSCO Publishing |
|
| BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine)PIEPER D, SUMMANN F >DATE=2006-01-01 | TITLE=BIELEFELD ACADEMIC SEARCH ENGINE (BASE): AN END-USER ORIENTED INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY SEARCH SERVICE | VOLUME=24 | PAGES=614–619 | ISSN=0737-8831, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|259,497,239|Metadata for 260 million documents from more than 8,000 content providers | Free}}|Bielefeld University |
|
| Book Review Index>Book Review Index Online|Book reviews|5,600,000|Reviews of periodicals and books – including those on tape and electronic media | Subscription}}|Thomson Gale |
|
|Books in Print|Books|2,500,000|Reviews covering over 2.5 million titles| Subscription}}|R. R. Bowker |
|
|CAB Abstracts| Biotechnology>Applied life sciences|10,000,000 | List of life sciences>life sciences literature. | Subscription}} | CAB International>CABI |
|
| CINAHL: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health)WALKER-DILKS C, WILCZYNSKI NL, HAYNES RB > TITLE = CUMULATIVE INDEX TO NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGIES FOR IDENTIFYING METHODOLOGICALLY SOUND CAUSATION AND PROGNOSIS STUDIES | VOLUME = 21 | PAGES = 98–103 | PMID = 18457749 | URL = HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/S0897189706000553, |Nursing, Allied Health|7,800,000|Journal articles about nursing, allied health, biomedicine and healthcare. Covers 5,500 journals (English and other language). | Subscription}} | EBSCO Publishing>EBSCO |
|
| CiNii大å‘ä¸€è¼ (OHMUKAI, IKKI) | TITLE=SYSTEM DESIGN AND DATA MODELING OF CINII ARTICLES | JOURNAL=THE JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION | ISSUE=11, 473–477, |Multidisciplinary|22,000,000|Database of articles in the Japanese language from 3600 journals | Free & Subscription}}|National Institute of Informatics |
|
|CNKI| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|160,000,000|A Chinese bibliographic database | Free & Subscription}}|CNKI |
|
| CORE (research service)>CORE|Multidisciplinary|207,000,000|Around 20 million monthly active users. | Free}}|Open University |
|
| CrossrefMARTÃN-MARTÃN A, THELWALL M, ORDUNA-MALEA E, LóPEZ-CóZAR ED | TITLE=CROSSREF: THE SUSTAINABLE SOURCE OF COMMUNITY-OWNED SCHOLARLY METADATA | VOLUME=1 | PAGES=414–427 | S2CID=210867142, free, |Multidisciplinary|111,231,936|An official Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Registration Agency of the International DOI Foundation. Metadata about publications, datasets, grants, preprints from 17,633 members (journals, publishers, etc.) | Free}}|Crossref |
|
|DeepDyve| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|20,000,000|Commercial website that sells access to scientific and scholarly articles from a large range of academic publishers (over 1700 journals). Limited free access. | Free & Subscription}}|DeepDyve |
|
| Digital Science>DimensionsHERZOG C, HOOK D, KONKIEL S >DATE=2020-01-23 | JOURNAL=QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE STUDIES | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.1162/QSS_A_00020 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE | HDL-ACCESS=FREE, DIMENSIONS AI {{!, The most advanced scientific research database >url=https://www.dimensions.ai/ | website=Dimensions |language=en-US}}|Multidisciplinary|302,000,000 | preprints and conference proceedings (linked to data sets, funding, publications, patents, clinical trials, and policy documents). Based on Crossref>CrossRef. Contains citation-based indicators and Altmetric attention scores. | Free & Subscription}} | Digital Science>Digital Science & Research Solutions Ltd |
|
| Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)BAKER M | URL=HTTP://WWW.NATURE.COM/NEWS/OPEN-ACCESS-INDEX-DELISTS-THOUSANDS-OF-JOURNALS-1.19871 | YEAR=2016 | DOI=10.1038/NATURE.2016.19871, 167862818, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|8,265,735| Articles from 18,652 open access journals (Dec 2022) | Free}}|Infrastructure Services for Open Access (IS4OA) |
|
| DBLPLEY M | TITLE=DBLP: SOME LESSONS LEARNED | VOLUME=2 | PAGES=1493–1500 | S2CID=18916931, 2150-8097, |Computer science|5,387,041| Comprehensive list of papers from major computer science conferences and journals | Free}}|Leibniz Center for Informatics and University of Trier |
|
| EconBizPIANOS T | TITLE=ECONBIZ — MEETING USER NEEDS WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.18352/LQ.7972 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE | HDL-ACCESS=FREE, |Economics|10,000,000| Covers journals, working papers & conferences in business studies and economics | Free}} | German National Library of Economics>ZBW- German National Library of Economics– Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (ZBW) |
|
| EconLitKIRKWOOD HP, KIRKWOOD MC | TITLE=ECONLIT AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR GO HEAD-TO-HEAD | JOURNAL=ECONLIT AND GOOGLE SCHOLAR GO HEAD-TO-HEAD | ISSUE=2 | ISSN=0146-5422, |Economics|1,600,000|Covers articles and other materials dating back to 1969 | Subscription}} | American Economic Association (available from EBSCO Information Services>EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid Technologies | , and American Economic Association>AEA) |
|
| EMBASEWILCZYNSKI NL, HAYNES RB | JOURNAL = JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION | ISSUE = 4 | DATE = 2005 | PMC = 1174893 | URL =, |Biomedicine, Pharmacology|32,000,000|Biomedical database with a focus on drug and pharmaceutical research. Rrecords from over 8,500 journals (1947–present). | Subscription}}|Elsevier |
|
| Food Science and Technology Abstracts>FSTA – Food Science and Technology Abstracts|Food science, Food technology, Nutrition|1,500,000|The database of information on food science, food technology and nutrition | Subscription}} | IFIS Publishing (available via EBSCO Information Services>EBSCOhost, IHS Inc., Ovid Technologies | , ProQuest>Proquest Dialog (online database) | , Chemical Abstracts Service>STN and Web of Science) |
|
| GeoRefKIMBALL R | TITLE=THE GEOREF DATABASE: A DETAILED COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THREE PLATFORMS | VOLUME=29 | PAGES=111–129 | S2CID=56765886, 0194-262X, |Geosciences|4,000,000|Records from 3,500 journals in 40 languages | Subscription}}|American Geosciences Institute |
|
|Google Scholar|Multidisciplinary|389,000,000|The biggest academic database & search engine (over 390 million records, unofficial estimate)| Free}}|Google |
|
| Informit (database)>Informit | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|8,000,000|Australasian aggregator of bibliographic databases and journals | Subscription}}|RMIT Training Pty Ltd (RMIT Training) |
|
|Inspec|Physics, Engineering, Computer Science|18,000,000| electronics, Communication studies>communications, control engineering, information technology, manufacturing, production, and mechanical engineering. | Subscription}} | Institution of Engineering and Technology>IET |
|
| International Nuclear Information System (INIS)BREITFELD B | TITLE=INIS - INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR INFORMATION SYSTEM | JOURNAL=KERNENERGIE (BERLIN) | VOLUME=22 | PAGES=170–172, 0023-0642, | Nuclear Physics, Nuclear power>Nuclear Energy, Medical Physics|4,600,000 | grey literature repository covering all areas of Nuclear physics>nuclear science and technology. | Free}}| International Atomic Energy Agency |
|
| International Philosophical Bibliography| Philosophy|1,000,000| Focus on the history of philosophy and continental philosophy.| Subscription}}| Université Catholique de Louvain (available from Peeters Publishers) |
|
| J-GateHTTP://PUBLICATIONS.AZIMPREMJIFOUNDATION.ORG/2148/ | DATE=2019-12-28 | LANGUAGE=EN | PAGES=1–8, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|71,692,382|J-Gate is an electronic gateway to global e-journal literature (articles from 58,000 journals) | Free & Subscription}}|Informatics India Ltd |
|
| The LensAARON TAY, MEDIUM | ACCESS-DATE=2021-06-15, medium.com, | Multidisciplinary|228,108,724| Serves global patent and scholarly knowledge as a public good to inform science and technology enabled problem solving. | Free & Subscription}} | Cambia (non-profit organization)>Cambia |
|
|MathSciNet|Mathematics|3,600,000|Records from 650 math journals (early 1800–present)| Subscription}}|American Mathematical Society |
|
|MEDLINE|Medicine, Healthcare|26,000,000| citations and abstracts from 5,200 journals via Medical Subject Headings>MeSH vocabulary | Free}} | United States National Library of Medicine>NLM |
|
|MyScienceWork| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|90,000,000|Database includes more than 90 million scientific publications and 12 million patents. | Free}} | MyScienceWork>MyScienceWork Inc |
|
| National Diet Library>National Diet Library Collection | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|44,187,016|Japanese. Catalog for the National Library of Japan. | Free}}|National Diet Library |
|
| OAIsterHAGEDORN K | TITLE=OAISTER: A “NO DEAD ENDS” OAI SERVICE PROVIDER | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=2 | DOI=10.1108/07378830310479811 | ISSN=0737-8831, free, |Multidisciplinary|30,000,000|Covers records contributed by over 1,500 organizations | Free}}|OCLC |
|
|OpenAIRE Graph|Multidisciplinary|242,000,000| European_Open_Science_Cloud>European Open Science Cloud | Free}}|OpenAIRE AMKE (not-for-profit) |
|
|
|
|OpenAlex|Multidisciplinary|205,000,000(:File:Academic papers by discipline (visualization of 2012–2021 OpenAlex data; v2).png)|Index and metadata for all scholarly output.| Free}}|OurResearch |
|
|PsycINFO|Psychology|3,700,000|Focus at behavioral science and mental health. Coverage 1887–present.| Subscription}} | American Psychological Association>APA |
|
| PubMedFIORINI | LAST2=LIPMAN | LAST3=LU | DATE=2017-10-30 | URL= | VOLUME=6 | DOI=10.7554/ELIFE.28801 | PMC=5662282 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE, | Biomedical, List of life sciences>life sciences|30,000,000|A database primarily of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. Includes MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Bookshelf. | Free}} | National Institutes of Health>NIH, NLM |
|
| RSWBplus)RSWBPLUS >URL=HTTPS://WWW.IRB.FRAUNHOFER.DE/RSWB2INFO/, | Civil engineering>Civil Engineering, Architecture|1,600,000|Bibliographic database for planning and building related publications, chronological coverage since 1975. Focus: German-language publications, journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, research reports. | Subscription}} | Fraunhofer IRB) |
|
|Russian Science Citation Index| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|35,409,829|A bibliographic database of scientific publications in Russian | Free}}|Scientific Electronic Library |
|
|ScienceOpen| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|66,000,000|Natural and physical sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Incorporates arXiv, PubMed, and SciELO. Integrated with ORCID Altmetric uids. Articles from >25,000 journals. | Free}}|ScienceOpen Inc. |
|
| ScopusMONGEON | LAST2=PAUL-HUS | DATE=2016-01-01 | URL=HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1007/S11192-015-1765-5 | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.1007/S11192-015-1765-5 | ARXIV=1511.08096, 17753803, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|78,000,000|Records from over 20,500 titles from over 5,000 international publishers | Subscription}}|Elsevier |
|
|Web of Science| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|171,000,000|Includes other products, such as Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Biological Abstracts & The Zoological Record | Subscription}}|Clarivate Analytics |
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| Zasshi Kiji Sakuin: Japanese Periodicals Index)|Multidisciplinary|6,600,000|Scholarly articles in Japanese | Free & Subscription}}|National Diet Library |
|
|Zentralblatt MATH|Mathematics|4,000,000|Mainly reviews and abstracts.| Free}}|FIZ Karlsruhe |
Smaller metadata services
Services with less than a million searchable records.{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%”|
! Name! Discipline(s)! data-sort-type=“number“|Size! Description! Access cost! Provider(s)
|
| Academic SearchCALVERT K | TITLE=MAXIMIZING ACADEMIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS: MEASURING CHANGES IN USE PATTERNS OWING TO EBSCO DISCOVERY SERVICE | JOURNAL=COLLEGE & RESEARCH LIBRARIES | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.5860/CRL.76.1.81 | DOI-ACCESS=FREE, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary||Several versions: Complete, Elite, Premier, and Alumni Edition | Subscription}}|EBSCO Publishing |
|
|Aerospace & High Technology Database|Aerospace, Aeronautics, Astronautics|| American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics>AIAA and NASA | Subscription}}|ProQuest |
|
| African Journals OnLine (AJOL)SMART P | TITLE=INCREASING THE VISIBILITY OF PUBLISHED RESEARCH: AFRICAN JOURNALS ONLINE | JOURNAL=AFRICA TODAY | ISSUE=2 | DOI=10.1353/AT.2006.0018 | S2CID=144624884, 0001-9887, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|185,649 | Academic journal>Scholarly journals published in Africa | Free & Subscription}} | African Journals OnLine>AJOL |
|
|AgeLine|Sociology, Gerontology||Includes information on aging-related topics, including economics, public health and policy| Subscription}}|EBSCO Publishing |
|
| AGRICOLA: Agricultural Online Access)GILREATH CL >DATE=1978-11-04 | JOURNAL=THE SERIALS LIBRARIAN | VOLUME=3 | PAGES=89–95 | ISSN=0361-526X, |Agriculture||Provides public access to information on agriculture and allied fields (17th century - present) | Free & Subscription}} | United States National Agricultural Library>NAL (free access United States National Agricultural Library | , subscription access ProQuest, Ovid Technologies>OVID) |
|
| Airiti Inc>Airiti | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary| | Academic journal>academic e-journals, Taiwanese academic e-journals, classical art images | Subscription}}|Airiti Inc. |
|
| Analytical AbstractsDIOSPATONYI I, HORVAI G, BRAUN T | JOURNAL = JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES | ISSUE = 5 | DATE = SEPTEMBER 2000 | DOI = 10.1021/CI000035I,doi.org/10.1021/ci000035i, |Chemistry|505,481|Selection of analytical chemistry articles published by the Royal Society of Chemistry (around 100 journals) | Subscription}} | Royal Society of Chemistry>RSC |
|
| Anthropological Index OnlineRUSSELL J | TITLE=ANTHROPOLOGICAL INDEX ONLINE | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.1108/09504120610638429, 0950-4125, |Anthropology||Indexes only (no abstracts or full-text) the anthropology journals received by The Anthropology Library at The British Museum | Free & Subscription}} | Royal Anthropological Institute>RAI |
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| Anthropological LiteratureWEEKS JM | TITLE=DATA BASE: TOZZER LIBRARY: A “NATIONAL” LIBRARY FOR ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES | VOLUME=28 | PAGES=133–137 | S2CID=144327736, 0011-3204, |Anthropology, Archaeology|670,000 | Tozzer Library, as well as other Open access journals>open-access journals (660 journals with more than 670,000 articles) | Free & Subscription}} | Harvard University (non-Harvard access provided by Online Computer Library Center>OCLC) |
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|ArchiveGrid|Multidisciplinary||Directory of archival materials from American and international institutions, including over five million records| Free}}|WorldCat |
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|ASCE Library|Civil Engineering|150,000|All civil engineering disciplines including structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, construction engineering, environmental engineering, engineering mechanics, sustainability, water resources, irrigation. hydraulics, hydrology, waterways, urban planning, cold regions ...| Free & Subscription}} | American Society of Civil Engineers>ASCE |
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| AULIMP: Air University Library’s Index to Military Periodicals)|Military Science| | Aeronautics>aeronautical periodicals | Free}} | Air University (United States Air Force)>Air University |
|
| Biological AbstractsGAMBLE A | TITLE=BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS (CLARIVATE ANALYTICS) | VOLUME=20 | PAGES=19–25 | S2CID=69738003, |Biology||Biomedical research literature published from more than 4,000 journals internationally. | Subscription}}|Thomson Reuters |
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| Cabell Publishing>Cabells | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary |35,000|Database to discover, evaluate, and compare journals. Journal listings include publication info, submission guidelines, and metrics. | Subscription}} | Cabell Publishing>Cabells |
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|Chemical Abstracts Service|Chemistry|| Academic journal>journals, technical reports, dissertations, conference proceedings, and new books | Subscription}} | American Chemical Society>ACS |
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| Chinese Social Sciences Citation IndexSU X, DENG S, SHEN S | TITLE=THE DESIGN AND APPLICATION VALUE OF THE CHINESE SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=3 | DOI=10.1007/S11192-012-0921-4 | ISSN=1588-2861, |Social sciences|60,000|Covers about 500 Chinese academic journals of humanities and social sciences | Subscription}}|Nanjing University |
|
| CHBD: Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database)2007>TITLE=CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=3 | DOI=10.3402/IJCH.V66I3.18267 | ISSN=2242-3982, free, |Medicine|7,900|Contains records describing publications about all aspects of human health in the circumpolar region | Free}}|University of Calgary |
|
|Civil engineering database|Civil engineering|270,000|A bibliographic database covering all of ASCE’s publications since 1872| Free}}|American Society of Civil Engineers |
|
|Cochrane Library|Medicine, Healthcare||Includes reviews of research to promote evidence-based healthcare.| Subscription}}|Wiley Interscience |
|
|Current Contents| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary||Part of Web of Science. Contains 7 discipline-specific subsets. | Subscription}}|Clarivate Analytics |
|
|DSI: Stuttgart_Database_of_Scientific_Illustrators_1450–1950 | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|13,096|bio-bibliographic data about illustrators of published scientific works from c.1450 until 1950 in 100+ countries, with 20 search fields | Free}}|compiled by the Section for History of Science & Technology, University_of_Stuttgart |
|
| Index CopernicusGRACZYNSKI MR | JOURNAL = ORVOSI HETILAP | ISSUE = 37 | DATE = SEPTEMBER 2000 | URL = HTTPS://PUBMED.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/11037614, |Multidisciplinary||Contains over 2,500 journals (including 700 journals from Poland). | Free}}|Index Copernicus Ltd |
|
|(Information Bridge: Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Information)| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|266,000 | United States Department of Energy>DOE) research report literature. Documents are primarily from 1991 forward. | Free}} | United States Department of Energy>DOE (OSTI) |
|
| Indian Citation IndexGIRI R, DAS AK | TITLE=INDIAN CITATION INDEX: A NEW WEB PLATFORM FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN RESEARCH PERIODICALS | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=3 | DOI=10.1108/07419051111145154, 0741-9058, |Multidisciplinary|860,000|Covers articles from 1100+ journals from India from scientific, technical, medical, and social sciences | Subscription}} | Indian Citation Index>ICI |
|
| IARPCLINK K | TITLE=AGING RESEARCH PORTFOLIO | VOLUME=31 | PAGES=21–27 | ISSN=0950-4125, |Multidisciplinary| | Grant (money)>grants, publications, conferences in natural and social & behavioral sciences | Free}}|Volunteer Collaboration |
|
|INSPIRE-HEP| Physics, (Particle physics>High Energy)||An open access digital library for the field of high energy physics (HEP) (operates since the 1970s) | Free}} | CERN, DESY, Fermilab, SLAC and Institute for High Energy Physics>IHEP |
|
|International Directory of Philosophy|Philosophy|37,000|Contains information on university philosophy departments and programs, philosophical societies, research centers, journals, and philosophy publishers in the U.S., Canada, and approximately 130 other countries.| Free & Subscription}}|Philosophy Documentation Center |
|
| International Medieval BibliographyWHITEFORD P | TITLE=INTERNATIONAL MEDIEVAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLINE (REVIEW) | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=2 | DOI=10.1353/PGN.2002.0060 | ISSN=1832-8334, | Medieval studies|440,000| A multidisciplinary bibliographic database covering Europe, North Africa and the Middle East for the entire period from AD 300 to 1500 | Subscription}}| Leeds University (available from Brepols Publishers) |
|
|JournalSeek| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|| Catalogues over 39,000 journals’ information (the description, aims, scope, journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN). | Free & Subscription}}|Genamics |
|
|Jurn| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary||Index property and open access journals in the arts, humanities, ecology, science, biomedical, business and economics. | Free}}|David Haden |
|
| L’Année philologique| Classics>Classical studies|| Over 860,000 bibliographical entries, including keywords, abstracts, and links to the full text. | Subscription}}| Société Internationale de Bibliographie Classique (available from Brepols Publishers) |
|
| LexisNexis| Law|| Electronic database for legal and public-records related information| Subscription}}| Reed Elsevier |
|
| Lingbuzz| Linguistics|550,000| semantics, phonology and Morphology (linguistics)>morphology | Free}} | University of Tromsø |
|
| Linguamatics| Medicine, Healthcare, Patents|| MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Food and Drug Administration#Medications>FDA Drug Labels, PubMed Central, and Patent Abstracts. | Subscription}} | Linguamatics |
|
| Logeion| Classics>Classical Studies|| An open-access database of Latin and Ancient Greek dictionaries | Free}}|University of Chicago |
|
| MendeleyZAUGG H, WEST RE, TATEISHI I, RANDALL DL | TITLE=MENDELEY: CREATING COMMUNITIES OF SCHOLARLY INQUIRY THROUGH RESEARCH COLLABORATION | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=1 | DOI=10.1007/S11528-011-0467-Y | ISSN=1559-7075,scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2648&context=facpub, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|N/A|Crowdsourced database of research documents. Over 100M documents uploaded by the researchers plus data from repositories (e.g. PubMed and arXiv) | Free & Subscription}}|Elsevier |
|
|National Criminal Justice Reference Service|Criminology, Sociology|225,000|Abstracts of scholarly journal articles, agency and NGO reports, audiovisual products, and conference proceedings.| Free}}|United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs |
|
| OpenSIGLE>OpenGrey|Grey literature|700,000|Indexes European grey literature | Free}}|Institut de l’information scientifique et technique |
|
| ORCIDHAAK LL, FENNER M, PAGLIONE L, PENTZ E, RATNER H | TITLE=ORCID: A SYSTEM TO UNIQUELY IDENTIFY RESEARCHERS | LANGUAGE=EN | ISSUE=4 | DOI=10.1087/20120404 | ISSN=1741-4857, free, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary| | biography, education, employment, works, Grant (money)>grants, peer-review. Over 9.3 million profiles. | Free}} | ORCID>ORCID Inc. |
|
|Philosophy Documentation Center eCollection|Applied ethics, Philosophy, Religious studies|| Conference proceeding>proceedings, and other works from several countries online | Free & Subscription}}|Philosophy Documentation Center |
|
|(POIESIS: Philosophy Online Serials)|Philosophy, applied ethics, religious studies||Journals and series, online access for institutions with print| Free & Subscription}}|Philosophy Documentation Center |
|
| PublonsVAN NOORDEN R | URL=HTTP://WWW.NATURE.COM/NEWS/THE-SCIENTISTS-WHO-GET-CREDIT-FOR-PEER-REVIEW-1.16102 | JOURNAL=NATURE | PUBLISHER=NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP | S2CID=211836365, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary| | Post-publication peer review>peer review and editorial contributions for academic journals. Merged with ResearcherID | Free}}|Clarivate Analytics |
|
|PubPsych|Psychology|800,000|Datasets and offers, where available, full-text linking, links to additional information and link resolving| Free}}|Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information |
|
|Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature|Literature|| 470 periodical magazines and Academic journal>journals, organized by article subject (1890 to present) | Subscription}}|H. W. Wilson Company |
|
| Rock’s BackpagesERB | DATE=2012-10-01 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.INGENTACONNECT.COM/CONTENT/CHARLESTON/CHADV/2012/00000014/00000002/ART00016;JSESSIONID=68P06V19DLGM9.X-IC-LIVE-03 | VOLUME=14 | PAGES=54–58, 10.5260/chara.14.2.54, |Music|40,000 | Primary source>Primary documents from the history of rock and roll. Articles, including interviews, features and reviews, which covered popular music from blues and soul | Free & Subscription}}|Backpages Ltd |
|
|SafetyLit| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|640,000|>35 distinct professional disciplines (architecture - zoology) relevant to preventing unintentional injuries, violence, and self-harm | Free}}|SafetyLit Foundation |
|
|Science.gov| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary||A gateway to government science information and research results from over 60 databases, over 2,200 websites, and over 200 million pages. | Free}} | Federal government of the United States>United States Government |
|
| Science Citation IndexGARFIELD | DATE=1955 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.JSTOR.ORG/STABLE/1749965 | VOLUME=122 | PAGES=108–111 | JSTOR=1749965 | BIBCODE=1955SCI...122..108G, 0036-8075, | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary||Part of Web of Science. 24,000+ journals across 254 subject disciplines. | Subscription}}|Clarivate Analytics |
|
|Scientific Information Database (SID)|Engineering & Technology, Medical Science, Basic Science, Human Sciences||An Iranian index of academic journals and access to full text or metadata| Free}}|Scientific Information Database |
|
| Serbian Citation Index>SCIndeks - Serbian Citation Index|Multidisciplinary|80,000| A bibliographic database, a national citation index, an Open Access full-text journal repository and an electronic publishing platform. Articles from >230 journals. | Free}}|CEON/CEES - Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science |
|
|SNAC (Social Networks and Archival Contexts)|Multidisciplinary||Directory of archival materials grouped by subject entity| Free}}| |
|
|Social Sciences Citation Index|Social science||Part of Web of Science| Subscription}}|Clarivate Analytics |
|
|Socolar| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary| | Open access (publishing)>open access resources in different language (mainly Chinese) | Free & Subscription}}|China Educational Publications Import and Export Corporation |
|
|Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|336,000 | Periodical literature>periodicals | Subscription}}|ProQuest |
|
|VET-Bib|Social Science, Education|80,000|European vocational education and training (VET) literature| Free}} | European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training>Cedefop |
|
|WestLaw|Law||Over 40,000 databases of case law, state and federal statutes, administrative codes, newspaper and magazine articles, public records, law journals, law reviews, treatises, legal forms and other information resources| Subscription}}|Thomson Reuters |
|
| WorldCatBENNETT | LAST2=LAVOIE | LAST3=O’NEILL | DATE=2003-03-01 | URL=HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1080/14649055.2003.10765895 | VOLUME=27 | PAGES=45–59 | S2CID=220308754, 1464-9055, |Multidisciplinary||Unified catalog of member libraries’ catalogs | Free & Subscription}}|OCLC Inc. |
Publishers
Content by most academic publishers is indexed by CrossRef, DOAJ and/or DataCite. Some publishers are also listed separately in the table below. {| class=“wikitable sortable” style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%”|
! Name! Discipline(s)! data-sort-type=“number“|Size! Description! Access cost! Provider(s)
|
| ACM Digital Library>Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library|Computer Science, Engineering|2,892,573 | Association for Computing Machinery>ACM publications, including journals, conference proceedings, technical magazines, newsletters and books | Subscription}}|Association for Computing Machinery |
|
| Analytical Sciences Digital LibraryKELLY RS, LARIVE CK | TITLE=THE ANALYTICAL SCIENCES DIGITAL LIBRARY: YOUR ONLINE RESOURCE FOR TEACHING INSTRUMENTATION | VOLUME=88 | PAGES=375–377 | BIBCODE=2011JCHED..88..375K, 0021-9584, |Analytical chemistry||A collection of peer-reviewed electronic resources on chemical measurements and instrumentation | Free}} | National Science Digital Library>NSDL and ACS |
|
| Bibliographie de civilisation médiévale| Medieval studies|| A bibliography of monographs on the Middle Ages. As of 2018, it contains about 65,000 fully classified bibliographic records.| Subscription}}| University of Poitiers (available from Brepols Publishers) |
|
|BioOne|Biology, Ecology, Environmental Science|| 180 scientific journals in Conservation biology>Biodiversity Conservation, Biology, Ecology, Environmental science | , Entomology, Ornithology, Botany>Plant Science, and Zoology. | Free & Subscription}}|BioOne |
|
|IEEE Xplore|Computer Science, Engineering, Electronics|5,360,654|Over 5 million records.| Subscription}}|IEEE |
|
|IngentaConnect| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|5,000,000|Covers articles from 13,000 journals | Free & Subscription}}|Ingenta |
|
| JSTOR: Journal Storage)|Multidisciplinary|12,000,000|Journal articles, books, and primary sources in 75 disciplines (1870–present) | Free & Subscription}}|JSTOR |
|
|OpenEdition.org|Humanities, social science|60,000|Offers four international-scale publication and information platforms in the humanities and social sciences (10,661 books, 549 journals, 3793 blogs, 45,591 events).| Free}} | Cléo (organization)>Cléo (UMS 3287) CNRS EHESS University of Avignon |
|
|Project MUSE|Humanities, social science|| Academic library>academic, Public library | , Special library>special, and school libraries. More than 2,500 libraries worldwide subscribe. | Subscription}}|Project MUSE, Johns Hopkins University Press |
|
|SciELO| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|573,525|Database and a model for cooperative electronic publishing in developing countries (mostly South America and Africa). Indexes >1700 journals. | Free}}|FAPESP, CNPq and BIREME |
|
|ScienceDirect|Science including Medicine|18,000,000|Content from more than 4,000 academic journals and 30,000 e-books| Subscription}}|Elsevier |
|
|SpringerLink| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|13,859,779|Journals, books, series, protocols, reference works and proceedings | Free & Subscription}} | Springer Science+Business Media>Springer |
Services no longer operating
The following services are no longer operating; this may be because they were not updated, abandoned entirely, replaced by other, etc.{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="font-size: 90%; width: 100%”|
! Name! Discipline(s)! Description! Access cost! Provider(s)
|
|Bioinformatic Harvester|Biology, Bioinformatics|A meta search engine for 50 major bioinformatic databases and projects. Project appears to be not available anymore.| Free}}|Liebel-Lab KIT from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology |
|
|citeULike|Computer science|Not available. Ceased operations as of March 30, 2019| Free}}|Oversity Ltd. |
|
|ChemXSeer|Chemistry|The project seems abandoned in 2018| Free}}|Pennsylvania State University |
|
| citebase>citebase Search|Mathematics, Computer science, Physics|Semi-autonomous citation index of free online research. Not available; ceased operations in 2013 | Free}}|University of Southampton |
|
|citeSeer|Computer Science|Replaced by citeSeerX.| Free}}|Pennsylvania State University |
|
| Chemisches Zentralblatt>Chemisches Zentralblatt Structural Database|Science, Chemistry|Web-based retrieval application that provided language-independent access to the information contained in Chemisches Zentralblatt | Subscription}}|InfoChem |
|
| CogPrints: Cognitive Sciences Eprint Archive) | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|An electronic archive for self-archive papers in Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, Biology, and Medicine. Contains over 2000 free articles. Not updated since 2017. | Free}}|University of Southampton |
|
|The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies|Computer science|One of the oldest (if not the oldest) bibliography collections freely accessible on the Internet (founded 1993). Contains 4.2 million records. Not updated since 2017. | Free}}|Alf-Christian Achilles |
|
|Current Index to Statistics|Statistics|Limited free search. Not updated since 2017.| Subscription}}|American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics |
|
|Ei Compendex|Engineering|Electronic version of Engineering Index| Subscription}}|Elsevier |
|
|GENESIS|Women’s history|Descriptions of women’s history collections from sources in the UK, as well as women’s history websites.| Free}}|London Metropolitan University |
|
| Global Health (database)>Global HealthAALAI E, GLEGHORN C, WEBB A, GLOVER SW > TITLE = ACCESSING PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATION: A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF CABI’S GLOBAL HEALTH DATABASE AND MEDLINE | VOLUME = 26 | PAGES = 56–62 | PMID = 19245644 | DOI-ACCESS = FREE, |Public Health|Specialist abstracting and indexing database dedicated to public health research and practice. Contains scientific records from 1973 to the present. | Subscription}} | CAB International>CABI |
|
|HCI Bibliography|Human–computer interface|An electronic bibliography for most of HCI for researchers, developers, educators, and students. Over 126,000 publications. Not updated since 2018.| Free}}|Gary Perlman |
|
| International Bibliography of Humanism and the Renaissance| Renaissance studies| A bibliography of academic publications on European culture and history in the 16th and 17th centuries. It seems that the database is not available and not updated since 2013.| Subscription}}| Brepols Publishers |
|
|Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts|Meteorology, Astrophysics, Geology|Over 508,379 records from 654 journals. It seems that the database is not available and not updated since 2009.| Subscription}} | American Meteorological Society (available from Dialog (online database)>Dialog and CSA). |
|
| Microsoft AcademicSINHA A, SHEN Z, SONG Y, MA H, EIDE D, HSU BJ, WANG K | CHAPTER=AN OVERVIEW OF MICROSOFT ACADEMIC SERVICE (MAS) AND APPLICATIONS | SERIES=WWW ‘15 COMPANION | PUBLISHER=ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY | DOI=10.1145/2740908.2742839 | S2CID=14761112, |Multidisciplinary | | ACCESS-DATE=2022-01-02 | DATE=4 MAY 2021, en-US, | Free}}|Microsoft |
|
|Philosophy Research Index|Philosophy| Thesis>dissertations, and other documents. Merged with PhilPapers. | Subscription}}|Philosophy Documentation Center |
|
|POPLINE|Population, Family Planning|A collection of population, family planning and related reproductive health and development literature. Retired in 2019.| Free}} | Knowledge for Health, Center for Communication Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health>JHSPH |
|
| Questia: Online Research Library) | Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|Emphasis on books and journal articles in the humanities and social sciences. Closed down on December 21, 2020 | Subscription}}|Questia |
|
|Science Accelerator| Interdisciplinarity>Multidisciplinary|A gateway to results of DOE research and development and major R&D accomplishments of interest to DOE. Not working from 2014 | Free}} | United States Department of Energy>DOE |
See also
{{category see also|Full-text scholarly online databases|Bibliographic databases and indexes}}
References
{{Reflist}}{{Academic publishing}}
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