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Hattiesburg, Mississippi

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Hattiesburg, Mississippi
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factoids
Mississippi}}Forrest County, Mississippi>Forrest, Lamar| government_type = List of mayors of Hattiesburg, Mississippi>MayorToby BarkerHTTPS://WWW.HATTIESBURGMS.COM/TOBYBARKER/BIO-PRESS-PHOTOS/WEBSITE=HATTIESBURGMS.COM, 2 May 2023, Independent politician>I| established_title = FoundedMunicipal incorporation>Incorporated| established_date = 1882| established_date2 = 1884| area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = 54.48| area_total_km2 = 141.11| area_land_sq_mi = 53.44| area_land_km2 = 138.41| area_water_sq_mi = 1.04| area_water_km2 = 2.70| area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 2020 United States Census>2020| population_total = 48730| pop_est_as_of = | population_est = | population_footnotes = | population_rank = WEBSITE=CENSUS REPORTER, 2 May 2023, | population_urban = | population_density_km2 = 352.07| population_density_sq_mi = 911.85North American Central Time Zone>CST| utc_offset = −6North American Central Time Zone>CDT| utc_offset_DST = −531578931region:US-MS_type:city|display=inline,title}}| elevation_m = 52| elevation_ft = 171| postal_code_type = ZIP code| postal_code = 39401-39404, 39406, 39407Area codes 601 and 769>601, 769Federal Information Processing Standard>FIPS code| blank_info = 28-31020Geographic Names Information System>GNIS feature ID| blank1_info = 0691565www.hattiesburgms.com}}| footnotes = | pop_est_footnotes = | unit_pref = ImperialPUBLISHER=UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU, July 24, 2022, }}Hattiesburg is the 5th most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, located primarily in Forrest County (where it is the county seat and most populous city)WEB,www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx, 2011-06-07, Find a County, National Association of Counties, dead,www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20110531210815www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20110531210815www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx, 2011-05-31, and extending west into Lamar County. The city population was 45,989 at the 2010 census,WEB,factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US2831020, Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001), Hattiesburg city, Mississippi, U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder, June 2, 2016,factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US2831020," title="archive.today/20200213043005factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US2831020,">archive.today/20200213043005factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US2831020, February 13, 2020, dead, with the population now being 48,730 in 2020.WEB,www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html, Population and Housing Unit Estimates, May 21, 2020, Hattiesburg is the principal city of the Hattiesburg Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Covington, Forrest, Lamar, and Perry counties.WEB, Combined Statistical Areas Map (March 2020),www.census.gov/geographies/reference-maps/2020/geo/csa.html, 2021-07-17, The United States Census Bureau, EN-US, The city is located in the Pine Belt region.Development of the interior of Mississippi took place primarily after the American Civil War. Before that time, only properties along the major rivers were developed as plantations. Founded in 1882 by civil engineer William H. Hardy, Hattiesburg was named in honor of Hardy’s wife Hattie.EB1911, Hattiesburg, 13, 62, The town was incorporated two years later with a population of 400. Hattiesburg’s population first expanded as a center of the lumber and railroad industries, from which was derived the nickname “The Hub City”. It now attracts newcomers because of the diversity of its economy, strong neighborhoods, and the central location in South Mississippi.Hattiesburg is a prominent college town, home to the University of Southern Mississippi (founded as Mississippi Normal College, for the training of teachers) and William Carey University (formerly William Carey College). South of Hattiesburg is Camp Shelby, the largest US National Guard training base east of the Mississippi River, which hosts up to 100,000 National Guardsmen and Reservists annually.WEB, Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center,ms.ng.mil/installations/shelby/Pages/default.aspx, July 16, 2021, June 5, 2016,web.archive.org/web/20160605231705/https://ms.ng.mil/installations/shelby/Pages/default.aspx, dead,

History

(File:Front Street, Hattiesburg, Mississippi (circa 1900).jpg|thumb|right|Front Street, c. 1900)File:“Hotel Hattiesburg”, Hattiesburg, Mississippi (1906).jpg|thumb|right|The now-demolished Hotel Hattiesburg opened in 1906 at the corner of Pine and Mobile streets. The elegant hotel was constructed and owned by Joseph T. Jones, owner of the Gulf and Ship Island RailroadGulf and Ship Island Railroad(File:Hattiesburg Union Station postcard.jpg|thumb|right|Union Station, c. 1910)File:Hattiesburg water tower Turtle Creek.jpg|thumb|right|Water tower by Turtle Creek MallTurtle Creek MallDuring European colonization, this area was first claimed by the French. Between 1763 and 1783 the area that is currently Hattiesburg fell under the jurisdiction of the colony of British West Florida.Governor Johnstone and Trade in British West Florida, 1764–1767 (Wichita State University, 1968) After the United States gained its independence, Great Britain ceded this and other areas to it after 1783. The United States gained a cession of lands from the Choctaw and Chickasaw under the terms of the Treaty of Mount Dexter in 1805. After the treaty was ratified, European-American settlers began to move into the area.In the 1830s, the Choctaw and Chickasaw were relocated by United States authorities by treaties authorized by the Indian Removal Act,WEB,www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Indian.html, Indian Removal Act: Primary Documents in American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress), Loc.gov, 2017-11-08, which sought to relocate the Five Civilized Tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. They and their slaves were moved to Indian Territory in today’s Kansas and Oklahoma.Hattiesburg developed at the confluence of the Leaf and Bouie rivers. It was founded in 1882 by Captain William H. Hardy, a civil engineer. The city of Hattiesburg was incorporated in 1884 with a population of approximately 400. Originally called Twin Forks and later Gordonville, the city received its final name of Hattiesburg from Capt. Hardy, in honor of his wife Hattie. Hattiesburg is centrally located less than 100 miles from the state capital of Jackson, as well as from the Mississippi Gulf Coast, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Mobile, Alabama.Reagan L. Grimsley, Hattiesburg In Vintage Postcards, (SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2004.)In 1884, a railroad—known then as the New Orleans and Northeastern—was built from Meridian, Mississippi, in the center of the state, through Hattiesburg to New Orleans. The completion of the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad (G&SIRR) from Gulfport, to the capital of Jackson, Mississippi, also ran through Hattiesburg. It stimulated a lumber boom in 1897, with interior pine forests being harvested at a rapid pace. Although the railroad took 20 years to be developed, the G&SIRR more than fulfilled its promise. It gave the state access to a deep water harbor at Gulfport, more than doubled the population of towns along its route, stimulated the growth of the City of Gulfport, and made Hattiesburg a railroad center. In 1924, the G&SIRR operated as a subsidiary of the Illinois Central Railroad but lost its independent identity in 1946.Hattiesburg gained its nickname, the Hub City, in 1912 as a result of a contest in a local newspaper. It was named because it was at the intersection of a number of important rail lines. Later U.S. Highway 49, U.S. Highway 98 and U.S. Highway 11, and later, Interstate 59 also intersected in and near Hattiesburg.The region around Hattiesburg was involved in testing during the development of weapons in the nuclear arms race of the Cold War. In the 1960s, two nuclear devices were detonated in the salt domes near Lumberton, Mississippi, about 28 miles southwest of Hattiesburg. Extensive follow-up of the area by the EPA has not revealed levels of nuclear contamination in the area that would be harmful to humans.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}(File:HattiesburgMississippiPostOffice.jpg|thumb|The U.S. Post Office in downtown Hattiesburg, Mississippi)(File:Hattiesburg Courthouse and Confederate Monument.jpg|thumb|right|Courthouse and Confederate Monument)Throughout the 20th century, Hattiesburg benefited from the founding of Camp Shelby (now a military mobilization center), two major hospitals, and two colleges, The University of Southern Mississippi and William Carey University. The growing metropolitan area that includes Hattiesburg, Forrest and Lamar counties, was designated a Metropolitan Statistical Area in 1994 with a combined population of more than 100,000 residents.{{page needed|date=December 2017}}Although about {{convert|75|mi|km}} inland, Hattiesburg was hit very hard in 2005 by Hurricane Katrina. Around 10,000 structures in the area received major damage of some type from the heavy winds and rain, as the hurricane tracked inland. Approximately 80 percent of the city’s roads were blocked by trees, and power was out in the area for up to 14 days. The storm killed 24 people in Hattiesburg and the surrounding areas. The city has struggled to cope with a large influx of temporary evacuees and new permanent residents from coastal Louisiana and Mississippi towns to the south, where damage from Katrina was catastrophic.The City is known for its police department, as it was the first—and for almost a decade the only—Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies federally accredited law enforcement agency in the State of Mississippi. The department is served by its own training academy. It is considered one of the most difficult basic academies in the country, with a more than 50% attrition rate.The Hattiesburg Zoo at Kamper Park is a longstanding tourist attraction in the city.BOOK, Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., Zoo and Aquarium History, 2001, CRC Press, US, 978-1-4200-3924-5, Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list),books.google.com/books?id=ulbMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA375, In 2011, the Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District was named one of the “Great Places In America,” to live by the American Planning Association. Places are selected annually and represent the gold standard in terms of having a true sense of place, cultural and historical interest. The twenty-five-block neighborhood has one of the best collections of Victorian-era houses in Mississippi, with more than ninety percent of the houses substantially renovated and maintained. The Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District [HHND] was Hattiesburg’s first recognized historic district and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is also part of an Historic Conservation District and protected by Historic Hattiesburg Design Guidelines.WEB,www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2011/index.htm, Great Places in America: Neighborhoods, 10 March 2012,www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2011/index.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20120310180024www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2011/index.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20120310180024www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2011/index.htm, 2 May 2023, 2012-03-10, In 2013, the Hattiesburg Historic Neighborhood District celebrated the 38th Annual Victorian Candlelit Christmas and Holiday Tour of Homes. During the two nights of the Victorian Candlelit Christmas, thousands of candles burn in white bags lining the sidewalks. Christmas carolers from the three churches: Sacred Heart, Court Street Methodist, and Bay Street Presbyterian, stroll house to house singing Christmas music. Horse-drawn carriages carry visitors through the neighborhood at a walking pace.WEB,www.hattiesburghistoricneighborhood.com/events/annual-victorian-candle-lit-christmas/, Annual Victorian Candlelit Christmas, Hattiesburghistoricneighborhood.com, 2016-08-10, The Miss Hospitality Pageant began in 1949. Hattiesburg was chosen in 1997 to sponsor the state pageant. The purpose of the pageant is the selection and presentation of a young, knowledgeable lady to help promote the state in tourism and economic development. Contestants are judged on the following categories: panel interview, one-on-one interview competition, Mississippi speech competition, commercial/black dress competition, and evening gown competition. The 2011 winner was Ann Claire Reynolds, a junior at University of Southern Mississippi who was majoring in elementary and special education.Hattiesburg is home to the African American Military History Museum. The building opened as a USO club in 1942 to serve African Americans serving at Camp Shelby, as local facilities were racially segregated. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This building is the only remaining USO club site in the United States. It has been adapted for use as a museum interpreting African-American military history. Exhibits show their participation in all the major wars and the founding of Hattiesburg: exhibits include the Revolutionary War, Buffalo Soldiers, World Wars I and II, Desegregation, Korean War, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Global War on Terrorism, You Can Be A Soldier, Hattiesburg’s Hall of Honor, and World Map. The museum is dedicated to the many African-American soldiers who have fought for their country.

Civil rights movement

Hattiesburg and the unincorporated African-American community of Palmers Crossing played a key role in the civil rights transitions of the 1960s.BOOK, Sturkey, William,books.google.com/books?id=r8yJDwAAQBAJ, Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White, 2019, Harvard University Press, 978-0-674-97635-1, en, In 1959, black Korean War veteran Clyde Kennard applied to attend then all-white Mississippi Southern College (today University of Southern Mississippi). He was denied admission because of his race, as state colleges were legally segregated. When he persisted, the newly formed Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, a taxpayer-supported agency ostensibly set up to encourage tourism, conspired to have him framed for a crime. He was sentenced to seven years in Parchman Prison. For years, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People leaders Medgar Evers, Vernon Dahmer, and other Forrest County civil rights activists fought to overturn the conviction.WEB,www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis59.htm#1959kennard, Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement - History & Timeline, 1959, Crmvet.org, 2016-08-10, The MSSC conducted outrageous activities against citizens of the state: MSSC agents investigated citizens while the organization created blacklists of activists and black professionals who were suspected of working for civil rights, conducted economic boycotts against black-owned businesses, and arranged for blacks to be fired from state and local jobs. They also worked to have Black activists or suspected activists evicted from rental housing. All of this was conducted in secret, until later allegations of revelations brought the state’s activities into the open.File:March, King, April 8, 1968..jpg|thumb|right|upright|Memorial march in Hattiesburg in 1968, four days after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.Forrest County Registrar Theron Lynd prevented blacks in the area from registering to vote, based on such devices in the state constitution as poll taxes, and literacy and comprehension tests, subjectively administered by whites. In 1960, thirty percent of the population in the county was black, but less than 1% of blacks had been able to register, regardless of their education level. Registration by whites was close to 100%. In 1961, the U.S. Justice Department filed suit against Lynd. He was the first southern registrar to be convicted under the Civil Rights Act of 1957 for systematically violating African-American voting rights.WEB,www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/m027.htm?m027text.htm~mainFrame, United States of America vs. Theron C. Lynd, University of Southern Mississippi,www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/m027.htm?m027text.htm~mainFrame," title="web.archive.org/web/20041109230334www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/m027.htm?m027text.htm~mainFrame,">web.archive.org/web/20041109230334www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/m027.htm?m027text.htm~mainFrame, 9 November 2004, In 1962, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) began one of its first voter-registration projects in Hattiesburg under the auspices of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO). By 1964, the Delta Ministry was active in the city. In cooperation with the NAACP and local civil rights leaders, they formed the Forrest County Voters League.WEB,www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/crsitdoc.htm, Historic Sites of the Civil Rights Movement in Hattiesburg, University of Southern Mississippi,www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/crsitdoc.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20010228005511www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/crsitdoc.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20010228005511www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/crsitdoc.htm, 28 February 2001, In conjunction with the 1963 elections, civil rights leaders organized a statewide Freedom Ballot, a mock election that highlighted both the statewide pattern of voting rights discrimination and the strong desire of Mississippi blacks for the franchise. Despite the serious risk of both physical and economic retaliation, nearly half of Forrest County blacks participated, the highest turnout in the state.WEB,www.crmvet.org/tim/tim63b.htm#1963msballot, Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement - History & Timeline, 1963 (July-December), Crmvet.org, 2016-08-10, January 22, 1964, was “Freedom Day” in Hattiesburg, a major voter registration effort supported by student demonstrators and 50 northern clergymen. For the first time since Reconstruction, an inter-racial protest successfully picketed the courthouse for voting rights without being arrested. Roughly 100 African Americans attempted to register, though only a few were allowed into the courthouse. Fewer still succeeded in gaining entry on the rolls.WEB,www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis64.htm#1964hburg, Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement - History & Timeline, 1964 (Jan-June), Crmvet.org, 2016-08-10, Each day thereafter for many months, activists resumed the courthouse protest in what became known as the “Perpetual Picket.“BOOK, Branch, Taylorurl=https://archive.org/details/pillaroffireamer00branpublisher=Simon & Schusterisbn=9780684808192, During Freedom Summer in 1964, the Hattiesburg/Palmers Crossing project was the headquarters for all civil rights activity in Mississippi’s 5th congressional district. This was the largest and most active site in the state, with more than 90 volunteers and 3,000 local participants. Hundreds of Forrest County blacks tried to register to vote at the courthouse, but blacks once again were prevented from doing so. More than 650 children and adults attended one of the seven Freedom Schools in Hattiesburg and Palmers Crossing, three freedom libraries were set up with donated books, and a community center was established. Many whites opposed civil rights efforts by blacks, and both summer volunteers and local African Americans endured arrests, beatings, firings, and evictions.BOOK, Randall, Herbert, Faces of Freedom Summer, University of Alabama Press, 2001, Forrest County was also a center of activity for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). It sent a slate of delegates to the National Democratic Convention in Atlantic City that year to challenge the seating of the all-white, pro-segregation delegates elected by the regular party in primaries from which African Americans had been largely excluded due to voter registration barriers. Victoria Jackson Gray of Palmers Crossing ran on the MFDP ticket against incumbent Senator John Stennis, and John Cameron of Hattiesburg ran for Representative in the 5th District. With few blacks having successfully been able to register to vote, these candidates did not have a realistic chance of victory. Nonetheless, their campaigns helped to encourage the further enfranchisement and political agency of black citizens.BOOK, Carson, Clayborne, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s,archive.org/details/instrugglesnccbl00cars_1, registration, Harvard University Press, 1981, 9780674447264, Even after passage of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, white resistance continued in Mississippi and Hattiesburg. On the night of January 10, 1966, the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan attacked the Hattiesburg home of NAACP leader Vernon Dahmer with firebombs and gunfire. Dahmer was the most prominent black leader in the county and had been the primary civil rights leader for many years. Just prior to the attack, he had announced that he would help pay a $2 poll tax ({{Inflation|US|2|1966|fmt=eq}}) for black voters too poor to do so themselves. Dahmer held off the Klan with his rifle to give his wife, their three young children, and elderly aunt time to escape their burning home, but he died of burns and smoke inhalation the next day. His murder sparked large protest marches in Hattiesburg. A number of Klansmen were arrested for the crime, and four were eventually convicted. After four previous trials had ended in deadlocks, KKK Imperial Wizard Samuel Bowers was finally convicted in August 1998 for ordering the assassination of Dahmer. He was sentenced to life in prison.BOOK, Davis, Townsend, Weary Feet, Rested Souls,archive.org/details/wearyfeetresteds00town, registration, W.W. Norton, 1998, Biography of Sam Bowers. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125100003www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price%26bowers/Bowers.htm |date=2010-11-25}} University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. Retrieved on April 24, 2008.In 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against trespass convictions of civil rights protesters in Adickes v. S.H. Kress Co.. The case involved a sit-in at the lunch counter of the S. H. Kress & Co. downtown.

Vela Uniform/Project Dribble nuclear tests

Vela Uniform was an element of Project Vela, conducted jointly in the 1960s by the United States Department of Energy and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Its purpose was to develop seismic methods for detecting underground nuclear testing. The Project Dribble program involved two underground nuclear detonations. Test SALMON occurred on October 22, 1964, with a 5.3 kiloton yield; test STERLING was detonated December 3, 1966, with a yield of 380 tons.WEB,www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf, United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992, US Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office, December 2000, 2014-09-07, dead,www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20061012160826www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20061012160826www.nv.doe.gov/library/publications/historical/DOENV_209_REV15.pdf, 2006-10-12, Both detonations took place within Tatum Salt Dome, southwest of the Hattiesburg/Purvis area.

Geography

Most of Hattiesburg is in Forrest County. A smaller portion on the west side is in Lamar County, with abundant commercial land gained in a 2008 annexation. This consists of first, a narrow stretch of land lying east of I-59, and second, an irregularly shaped extension into West Hattiesburg. In the 2000 census, 42,475 of the city’s 44,779 residents (94.9%) lived in Forrest County and 2,304 (5.1%) in Lamar County.WEB,www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html, Subcounty population estimates: Mississippi 2010-2012, comma-separated values, CSV, United States Census Bureau, Population Division, 2014-01-30, 2014-01-30, dead,www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20131019235623www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html,">web.archive.org/web/20131019235623www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012-3.html, 2013-10-19, According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|140.6|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|138.3|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|2.3|km2|order=flip}}, or 1.63%, is water.Hattiesburg is {{convert|74|mi}} north of Biloxi and {{convert|90|mi}} southeast of Jackson, the state capital.

Geology and paleontology

Hattiesburg is situated on an outcrop of the Pascagoula and Hattiesburg formation which is thought to be Miocene in age.BOOK, Dockery, David, The Geology of Mississippi, 2016, University Press of Mississippi, 978-1-4968-0313-9, 751, Miocene plant and animal fossils discovered from the vicinity of Hattiesburg indicate the area was once more swamp-like and dominated by low-growing palm trees.JOURNAL, McNair, D.M., D.Z. Stults, B. Axsmith, M.H. Alford, J.E. Starnes, Preliminary investigation of a diverse megafossil floral assemblage from the middle Miocene of southern Mississippi, USA, Palaeontologia Electronica, 2019, 22, 2, 10.26879/906,palaeo-electronica.org/content/pdfs/906.pdf, free,

Climate

Hattiesburg has a humid subtropical climate, with short, mild winters and hot, humid summers. Snowfall is extremely rare, but on December 11, 2008, areas around Hattiesburg received {{convert|3|to|5|in|m}}. As is the case throughout the southern United States, severe thunderstorms can pose a threat, particularly during spring. Such storms spawn frequent lightning, heavy rain, occasional large hail, and tornadoes.NEWS, More snow by noon, Hattiesburg American, 2008-12-11, 2008-12-29,www.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20081211/NEWS01/81211017, {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}NEWS, More snow by noon,archive.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20081211/NEWS01/81211017/More-snow-by-noon, Hattiesburg American, 2008-12-11, dead,archive.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20081211/NEWS01/81211017/More-snow-by-noon," title="archive.today/20140907091135archive.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20081211/NEWS01/81211017/More-snow-by-noon,">archive.today/20140907091135archive.hattiesburgamerican.com/article/20081211/NEWS01/81211017/More-snow-by-noon, 2014-09-07, An EF4 tornado struck the Hattiesburg area on February 10, 2013, between roughly 5:00 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. CST. This tornado formed in Lamar County just west of Oak Grove and quickly increased in size and intensity. Although the most severe damage occurred in the Oak Grove area, especially near Oak Grove High School, the tornado continued eastward into Hattiesburg, causing widespread EF1-EF3 damage to the southern portion of the University of Southern Mississippi campus and the areas just north of downtown. It then moved into neighboring Petal and rural Forrest County. More than 80 injured were reported but no fatalities. The prevention of deaths was attributed to the nearly 30-minute lead time of the tornado warning.WEB, Pine Belt Tornado Event,www.srh.noaa.gov/jan/?n=2013_02_10_11_tor, National Weather Service Jackson, MS, NOAA/NWS, 14 February 2013, NEWS, Tornado hits Hattiesburg, Miss.,www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/02/10/tornado-mississippi-hattiesburg-storm/1907859/, USAToday, Gannett, 13 February 2013, February 10, 2013, The most recent tornado struck on January 21, 2017, when an EF3 hit the city early in the morning, killing four and injuring twenty. Some 10,000 people were left without power.WEB,www.cnn.com/2017/01/21/us/mississippi-southeast-severe-weather/index.html, More severe weather expected after tornado kills 4 in Mississippi, Kelly McCleary, Azadeh Ansari and Joe Sutton, CNN, 21 January 2017, 2017-01-23, WEB,www.accuweather.com/en/videos/trending-now/hattiesburg-tornado-kills-4-leaves-destruction-in-its-wake/5291785221001, Hattiesburg tornado kills 4, leaves destruction in its wake, Accuweather.com, 2017-01-23, NEWS,www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2017/01/21/tornado-hits-hattiesburg/96877100/, Tornado leaves 3 dead, nearly 10,000 without power, The Clarion Ledger, en, 2017-01-23, {{Weather box|location = Hattiesburg, Mississippi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)|single line = Y|Jan record high F = 87|Feb record high F = 86|Mar record high F = 99|Apr record high F = 94|May record high F = 104|Jun record high F = 106|Jul record high F = 105|Aug record high F = 107|Sep record high F = 103|Oct record high F = 106|Nov record high F = 92|Dec record high F = 90|year record high F = 106|Jan avg record high F = 76.3|Feb avg record high F = 79.4|Mar avg record high F = 84.6|Apr avg record high F = 87.6|May avg record high F = 92.5|Jun avg record high F = 96.2|Jul avg record high F = 97.8|Aug avg record high F = 97.7|Sep avg record high F = 95.3|Oct avg record high F = 90.3|Nov avg record high F = 83.1|Dec avg record high F = 78.4|year avg record high F = 99.2|Jan high F = 59.7|Feb high F = 64.0|Mar high F = 71.1|Apr high F = 77.5|May high F = 84.2|Jun high F = 89.7|Jul high F = 91.2|Aug high F = 91.4|Sep high F = 87.9|Oct high F = 79.4|Nov high F = 69.3|Dec high F = 61.8|year high F =|Jan mean F = 48.8|Feb mean F = 52.6|Mar mean F = 59.5|Apr mean F = 65.8|May mean F = 73.3|Jun mean F = 79.6|Jul mean F = 81.5|Aug mean F = 81.4|Sep mean F = 77.4|Oct mean F = 67.7|Nov mean F = 57.5|Dec mean F = 51.1|year mean F =|Jan low F = 37.8|Feb low F = 41.2|Mar low F = 47.9|Apr low F = 54.1|May low F = 62.4|Jun low F = 69.5|Jul low F = 71.8|Aug low F = 71.5|Sep low F = 66.9|Oct low F = 56.0|Nov low F = 45.7|Dec low F = 40.3|year low F =|Jan avg record low F = 21.3|Feb avg record low F = 25.6|Mar avg record low F = 29.8|Apr avg record low F = 37.5|May avg record low F = 47.7|Jun avg record low F = 61.2|Jul avg record low F = 66.6|Aug avg record low F = 64.9|Sep avg record low F = 53.8|Oct avg record low F = 37.8|Nov avg record low F = 28.6|Dec avg record low F = 25.0|year avg record low F = 19.5|Jan record low F = 4|Feb record low F = -1|Mar record low F = 17|Apr record low F = 29|May record low F = 38|Jun record low F = 49|Jul record low F = 55|Aug record low F = 55|Sep record low F = 40|Oct record low F = 23|Nov record low F = 18|Dec record low F = 4|year record low F = -1|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation inch = 6.50|Feb precipitation inch = 5.68|Mar precipitation inch = 5.89|Apr precipitation inch = 5.70|May precipitation inch = 4.53|Jun precipitation inch = 5.26|Jul precipitation inch = 6.44|Aug precipitation inch = 6.26|Sep precipitation inch = 4.82|Oct precipitation inch = 3.54|Nov precipitation inch = 3.85|Dec precipitation inch = 5.97|year precipitation inch =|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in|Jan precipitation days = 11.4|Feb precipitation days = 10.6|Mar precipitation days = 9.4|Apr precipitation days = 8.0|May precipitation days = 8.7|Jun precipitation days = 11.3|Jul precipitation days = 13.1|Aug precipitation days = 11.1|Sep precipitation days = 8.6|Oct precipitation days = 6.4|Nov precipitation days = 7.4|Dec precipitation days = 10.2|Jan snow inch = 0.2|Feb snow inch = 0.1|Mar snow inch = 0.1|Apr snow inch = 0.0|May snow inch = 0.0|Jun snow inch = 0.0|Jul snow inch = 0.0|Aug snow inch = 0.0|Sep snow inch = 0.0|Oct snow inch = 0.0|Nov snow inch = 0.0|Dec snow inch = 0.5|year snow inch =|unit snow days = 0.1 in|Jan snow days = 0.1|Feb snow days = 0.1|Mar snow days = 0.0|Apr snow days = 0.0|May snow days = 0.0|Jun snow days = 0.0|Jul snow days = 0.0|Aug snow days = 0.0|Sep snow days = 0.0|Oct snow days = 0.0|Nov snow days = 0.0|Dec snow days = 0.2|source 1 = NOAAWEB,www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00223887&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Hattiesburg 5SW, MS, March 2, 2023, |source 2 = National Weather ServiceWEB,www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=jan, National Weather Service, NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Jackson, March 2, 2023, }}

Demographics

{{US Census population|1890= 1172|1900= 4175|1910= 11733|1920= 13270|1930= 18601|1940= 21026|1950= 29474|1960= 34989|1970= 39648|1980= 40829|1990= 41882|2000= 44779|2010= 45989|2020= 48730PUBLISHER=CENSUS.GOV, June 4, 2016, }}{| class=“wikitable”data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2831020&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2, 2021-12-16, data.census.gov, !Race!Num.!Perc.African American (U.S. Census)>Black or African American (non-Hispanic)|24,804|50.9%White (U.S. Census)>White (non-Hispanic)|19,172|39.34%Native American (U.S. Census)>Native American|89|0.18%Asian (U.S. Census)>Asian|830|1.7%Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)>Pacific Islander|28|0.06%Race (United States Census)>Other/Mixed|1,552|3.18%Hispanic (U.S. Census)>Hispanic or Latino|2,255|4.63%In 2000, there were 44,779 people, 17,295 households, and 9,391 families residing within the city limits. By the publication of the 2020 United States census, there were 48,730 people, 17,778 households, and 9,165 families residing in the city, reflecting the continued positive increase in municipal population since the 1900 census.

Religion

In 2010 the Hattiesburg Metropolitan area has an Evangelical Protestant majority with 66,000 members. The Southern Baptist Convention had 85 congregations and 53,000 members. The United Methodist Church had 35 congregations and 9,000 members. The third largest was the Presbyterian Church in America with 5 congregations and 1,518 members.WEB,www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/25620/rcms2010_25620_metro_name_2010.asp, The Association of Religion Data Archives | Maps & Reports, Thearda.com, 2016-08-10,

Economy

{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2023}}Hattiesburg is home to several national business branches that hold thousands of jobs across the Pine Belt. It was headquarters to the now defunct International Filing Company and currently hosts branches of Kohler Engines and BAE Systems Inc., as well as Berry Plastics and the Coca-Cola Bottling Company United, Pepsi Cola Bottling Co., and Budweiser Distribution Co. Companies such as Sunbeam (shared with Mr. Coffee, and the Coleman Company) and Kimberly Clark used to manufacture in Hattiesburg.Regions Financial Corporation operates a large operations center in the city, which employs nearly 500 people. Jones Capital recently celebrated the groundbreaking of their new $50 million corporate headquarters facility in Midtown Hattiesburg across from The University of Southern Mississippi. Jones operates globally with over 1,000 employees in total, 500 of those are employed in the State of MS. The new headquarters facility will serve as the primary office for over 300 MS-based employees.The main shopping mall is Turtle Creek Mall.

Arts and culture

(File:Hattiesburg Saenger Theatre.jpg|thumb|right|Saenger Theatre)

Theaters

Galleries

  • A GALLERY, 134 E. Front Street
  • Hattiesburg Arts Council Gallery at the Hattiesburg Cultural Center, 723 Main Street
  • Lucile Parker Art Gallery is located in the Thomas Fine Arts Building on William Carey University’s Hattiesburg campus. The collection consists of 141 artworks by Lucile Parker, and 17 by Marie Hull. From August to May, the gallery features exhibitions of local, state, and nationally known artists.
  • Sarah Gillespie Collection at William Carey University, 498 Tuscan Avenue, is an extensive collection of twentieth century Mississippi art.
  • University of Southern Mississippi Art Gallery

Museums

Train depot

The Hattiesburg Train Depot was constructed in 1910 by the Southern Railway Company, and was the city’s largest and most architecturally significant depot. The City of Hattiesburg purchased the depot and {{convert|3.2|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of land from Norfolk Southern Railway in 2000, and began a seven-year, $10 million restoration. The completed depot now functions as an intermodal transportation center for bus, taxi and rail, as well as a space for exhibitions, meetings and special events.WEB, Train Depot, City of Hattiesburg,www.hattiesburgms.com/cultural/train-depot, July 1, 2014,www.hattiesburgms.com/cultural/train-depot," title="web.archive.org/web/20140714145454www.hattiesburgms.com/cultural/train-depot,">web.archive.org/web/20140714145454www.hattiesburgms.com/cultural/train-depot, July 14, 2014, dead,

Government

(File:Hattiesburg City Hall.jpg|thumb|right|Hattiesburg City Hall){{expand section|date=May 2015}}Hattiesburg is governed via a mayor-council system. The mayor, currently Toby Barker, is elected at large. The city council consists of five members who are each elected from one of five wards, known as single-member districts. The current city council consists of the members (Council President) Ward 1 - Jeffrey George, Ward 2 - Deborah Delgado, Ward 3 - Carter Carroll, (Council Vice President) Ward 4 - Dave Ware, and Ward 5 - Nicholas Brown.WEB, City Council, City of Hattiesburg,www.hattiesburgms.com/government/, November 11, 2016,www.hattiesburgms.com/government/," title="web.archive.org/web/20161118085542www.hattiesburgms.com/government/,">web.archive.org/web/20161118085542www.hattiesburgms.com/government/, November 18, 2016, dead,

Education

File:HattiesburgPublicSchoolAdminBldg.jpg|thumb|Camp School Building, Hattiesburg Municipal Separate School DistrictHattiesburg Municipal Separate School DistrictFile:New Hattiesburg High School.jpg|thumb|Hattiesburg High SchoolHattiesburg High SchoolPublic education in most of Hattiesburg is served by the Hattiesburg Municipal Separate School District, serving grades K–12. Portions of Hattiesburg are served by Forrest County Schools.WEB,www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28035_forrest/DC20SD_C28035.pdf, 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Forrest County, MS, U.S. Census Bureau, 2022-04-13, Portions of Hattiesburg in Lamar County are zoned to Lamar County School District.WEB,www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st28_ms/schooldistrict_maps/c28073_lamar/DC20SD_C28073.pdf, 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lamar County, MS, U.S. Census Bureau, 2022-04-13, Hattiesburg High School is a part of the Hattiesburg district. North Forrest High School (grades 7–12) is a part of the Forrest school district. Oak Grove High School (grades 9–12) is under the Lamar County School District.Forrest County Agricultural High School is an independent public high school near Hattiesburg.

Colleges

Hattiesburg is home to the main campuses of two institutions of higher learning: the public University of Southern Mississippi (USM) and the private Baptist-supported William Carey University. Both have campuses in other locations; USM has a campus in Long Beach, Mississippi, and William Carey has campuses in Gulfport, and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Forrest County Center of Pearl River Community College, a public institution, is located in Hattiesburg, with the main campus located in Poplarville, Mississippi.

Private schools

File:Presbyterian Christian High School (3298083367).jpg|thumb|right|Presbyterian Christian SchoolPresbyterian Christian School
  • Sacred Heart Catholic School (grades Pre-K–12)
  • Presbyterian Christian School (grades PreK–12)
  • School of Excellence (grades K–6) (now Early Learning Center, 6 weeks to Pre-K)
  • Lamar Christian School (grades Pre-K-12)
  • Bass Christian Elementary (grades K–8)
  • Bass Memorial Academy (grades 9–12)
  • Central Baptist School (grades K–12)
  • Benedict Day School (grades K–8)
  • Innova Prep (grades K-12)
  • The Adept School

Libraries

(File:Forrest County Public Library.jpg|thumb|right|Forrest County Public Library)Forrest County Public Library serves the city. The library has a location in downtown Hattiesburg as well as in neighboring Petal.

Media

{{See also|List of newspapers in Mississippi|List of radio stations in Mississippi|List of television stations in Mississippi}}

FM radio

AM radio

Television

Newspapers

  • Hattiesburg American, Hattiesburg’s thrice weekly newspaper, a Gannett paper
  • The Hattiesburg Post, a locally owned, independent weekly paper
  • The Lamar Times, a weekly community newspaper serving the residents of West Hattiesburg and Lamar County

Infrastructure

Transportation

Rail

Amtrak’s Crescent train connects Hattiesburg with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans. The Amtrak station is located at 308 Newman Street.Rail freight service is offered by three Class I railroads: CN to Jackson and Mobile, Kansas City Southern to Gulfport, and Norfolk Southern to Meridian and New Orleans.

Mass transit

(File:Hattiesburg HCT bus.jpg|thumb|Hub City Transit bus)Hattiesburg owns and operates the city’s mass transit service, HCT, Hub City Transit. HCT offers daily routes to many major thoroughfares. The Intermodal Depot downtown services Amtrak as well as the city transit services. Due to recent growth in passenger transport in the city, HCT is currently planning additional routes and services, including bus service to the suburbs of Oak Grove and Petal.

Air

Hattiesburg-Laurel Regional Airport is located in an unincorporated area in Jones County, near Moselle.WEB,www.flypib.com/contact, Contact - Hattiesburg-Laurel Airport, Flypib.com, 2016-08-10, It offers daily flights from Hattiesburg to Houston. The airport also has a business park located on the premises.The city of Hattiesburg maintains the Hattiesburg Bobby L. Chain Municipal Airport (HBG) in the Hattiesburg/Forrest County Industrial Park. Located four miles south of the city center, the municipal airport provides business and general aviation services for much of South Mississippi.

Highways

  • {{Jct|state=MS|I|59}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|US|11}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|US|49}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|US|98}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|MS|24}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|MS|42}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|MS|198}}
  • {{Jct|state=MS|MS|589}}

Major local routes

Major east-west roads include:4th Street,Hardy Street/ US Route 98,Oak Grove Road,Lincoln Road,Classic Drive,7th Street,and Old MS Highway 42.Major north-south roads include:Interstate 59,US Route 11/Broadway Drive/Veterans Memorial,West Pine Street,Main Street,US Highway 98,28th Avenue,Golden Eagle Avenue,38th Avenue,40th Avenue,Westover,Weathersby Road,and King Road/Old Highway 11.

Notable people

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{wikivoyage|Hattiesburg}} {{Hattiesburg, Mississippi}}{{Forrest County, Mississippi}}{{Lamar County, Mississippi}}{{Mississippi}}{{Mississippi county seats}}{{Authority control}}

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