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{{Short description|Detailed enumeration of Canadian residents in 2021}}{{More information|Census in Canada}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}}

factoids

| population = 36,991,981| percent_change = {{gain}} 5.2%| most_populous = Ontario (14,223,942)| least_populous = Nunavut (36,858)}}The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021.NEWS,www.cbc.ca/news/politics/statcan-ready-census-2021-1.5973425, StatsCan says it’s ready to conduct census despite pandemic’s resurgence, Jones, Ryan, CBC News, April 4, 2021, April 4, 2021, It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728.WEB,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1, Census Profile, 2016 Census: Canada, Statistics Canada, August 25, 2017, October 14, 2017, The overall response rate was 98%, which is slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census.WEB, Government of Canada, Statistics Canada, November 17, 2021, 2021 Census of Population collection response rates,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/response-rates-eng.cfm, December 1, 2021, www12.statcan.gc.ca, It recorded a population of 36,991,981, a 5.2% increase from 2016.WEB, Government of Canada, Statistics Canada, 2022-02-09, Download,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E, 2022-02-09, www12.statcan.gc.ca, It will be succeeded by Canada’s 2026 census.

Planning

Consultation on census program content was from September 11 to December 8, 2017.WEB,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/consultation/index-eng.cfm, 2021 Census of Population Content Consultation, Statistics Canada, September 6, 2017, October 14, 2017, The census was conducted by Statistics Canada, and was contactless as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.NEWS,www.cbc.ca/news/politics/contactless-census-2021-1.5654532, StatsCan plans ‘contactless’ census for 2021 in response to COVID-19, Rabson, Mia, CBC News, July 17, 2020, April 4, 2021, The agency had considered delaying the census until 2022.NEWS,globalnews.ca/news/7683133/canada-census-delay-covid-pandemic/, Statistics Canada considered delaying 2021 census over pandemic concerns, Press, Jordan, The Canadian Press, Global News, March 8, 2021, April 4, 2021, About 900 supervisors and 31,000 field enumerators were hired to conduct the door-to-door survey of individuals and households who had not completed the census questionnaire by late May or early June. Canvassing agents wore masks and maintained a physical distance to comply with COVID-19 safety regulations.NEWS,www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/canadian-2021-census-pandemic-1.6011591, 2021 census arriving amid pandemic, CBC News, May 4, 2021, May 4, 2021,

Questionnaire

In early May 2021, Statistics Canada began sending mailings to households throughout Canada containing instructions for completing the census questionnaire.NEWS,nationalpost.com/news/a-sense-of-civic-pride-people-across-canada-look-forward-to-the-upcoming-census, ‘A sense of civic pride’: People across Canada look forward to the 2021 census, Sandri, Emma, National Post, April 29, 2021, May 4, 2021, The questionnaires could be completed by returning the paper questionnaire, or by phone or online by using an access code provided in the mailing. Statistics Canada expected about 80% of households to complete the questionnaire online. It was also available in large-print, braille, audio, and video formats.WEB,census.gc.ca/faq/accessibility-accessibilite-eng.htm, Frequently asked questions—Accessibility, alternate formats and non-official languages, Statistics Canada, May 4, 2021, The questionnaire questions were available in a number of languages (Arabic, simplified and traditional Chinese, Italian, Korean, Persian, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Spanish, Urdu, and Vietnamese) and indigenous languages (Atikamekw, Denesuline, Nunavik and Nunavut Inuktitut, Mohawk, Montagnais, Naskapi, Northern Quebec Cree, Ojibwe, Oji-Cree, Plains Cree, Swampy Cree, and Tłı̨chÇ«), but the questionnaire had to be completed in either English or French.The standard short-form questionnaire was to be completed by 75% of households. The other 25% completed a long-form questionnaire to collect data about the household’s economic and social state, information about the occupied dwelling, and other data in addition to age, languages spoken, marital status, religious affiliation, and other basic data collected in the short-form questionnaire.Those who completed the census questionnaire online could listen to a number of soundtracks on Spotify and YouTube prepared by Statistics Canada.Completing the questionnaire is a legal requirement, and those who refuse to do so may be fined up to $500. It must be completed by citizens of Canada, permanent residents, refugee claimants, and those with a study or work permit.NEWS,www.rcinet.ca/en/2021/05/03/in-pandemic-canadians-urged-to-complete-census-online/, In pandemic, Canadians urged to complete census online, Desjardins, Lynn, Radio Canada International, May 3, 2021, May 4, 2021,

Data release schedule

The release dates for data by release topic from the 2021 census are:WEB, February 23, 2016, 2021 Census Program release schedule,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/prodserv/release-diffusion-eng.cfm, live, May 12, 2021, Statistics Canada,web.archive.org/web/20210512221326/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/prodserv/release-diffusion-eng.cfm, May 12, 2021,

• February 9, 2022, for population and dwelling counts;
• April 27, 2022, for age, sex at birth, and gender, type of dwelling;
• July 13, 2022, for families, households, and marital status, Canadian military experience, and income;
• August 17, 2022, for language;
• September 21, 2022, for indigenous peoples, and housing;
• October 26, 2022, for immigration, place of birth, and citizenship, ethnocultural and religious diversity, and mobility and migration;
• November 30, 2022, for education, labour, language of work, commuting and instruction in the official minority language.

Data

Statistics Canada links income and related information obtained from the Canada Revenue Agency, and immigration status obtained from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, to the census responses.NEWS,www.thestar.com/news/canada/2021/02/04/2021-census-a-few-months-away.html, 2021 census a few months away, Feagan, Sean, Toronto Star, February 4, 2021, April 4, 2021, The 2021 Canadian census included new questions “critical to measuring equity, diversity and inclusivity”. For the first time, questions were asked about commuting methods and the census counted transgender people and people of non-binary gender. Canada has been noted in this instance to be the first country to provide census data on transgender and non-binary people.WEB,www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220427/dq220427b-eng.htm, Canada is the first country to provide census data on transgender and non-binary people, 27 April 2022, Statistics Canada, 29 April 2022,

Results

{{row hover highlight}}The 2021 census recorded a total federal population of 36,991,981, living in 14,978,941 of its 16,284,235 private dwellings. With a land area of {{convert|8788702.80|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, its population density was {{Pop density|36991981|8788702.80|km2|sqmi|prec=2}}. Canada’s most- and least-populated provinces were Ontario and Prince Edward Island, respectively. Amongst the three territories, the Northwest Territories was the largest in terms of population, while Nunavut once again became the smallest territory after briefly overtaking Yukon in 2016.WEB, February 9, 2022, Table 98-10-0001-01 — Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories,www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101, August 25, 2022, Statistics Canada, The population of Canada rose by 5.2 per cent federally since the 2016 census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. Three provinces’ and one territory’s population grew faster than Canada’s overall population increase: Yukon – a 12.1 per cent increase, Prince Edward Island – an 8 per cent increase, British Columbia – a 7.6 per cent increase, and Ontario – a 5.8 per cent increase. The rapid growth in Yukon is largely credited to immigration and migration from within Canada.NEWS, Canadian Press, The, The Canadian Press, February 9, 2022, Census 2021: A snapshot of the North’s population and dwelling data, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation,www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/census-2021-north-population-1.6345016, August 25, 2022, At the other end of the spectrum, only one province and one territory saw a decrease in population since 2016: Newfoundland and Labrador – a 1.8 per cent decrease, and the Northwest Territories — a 1.7 per cent decrease.The majority of Canadians identified as female at 50.73%, while 49.27% of the population identified as male. The median age overall was 41.6 years – 40.4 years for males and 42.8 years for females.WEB, April 27, 2022, Table 98-10-0020-01 — Age (in single years), average age and median age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts,www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810002001, August 25, 2022, Statistics Canada, 59,460 Canadians identify as transgender and 41,355 identify as non-binary.

Population{| class“wikitable sortable mw-datatable” style@text-align: right;”

! style="width:40px” style="text-align: center;” | Rank! style="text-align: center;” | Province or territory! style="text-align: center;” data-sort-type=“number” | Population as of2021 census! style="text-align: center;” data-sort-type=“number” | Population as of2016 census! style="text-align: center;” data-sort-type=“number” | Change! style="text-align: center;” data-sort-type=“number” | Percentchange| 1{{Flagsize=23px}}| 8,501,833| 8,164,361| 337,472 {{increase}}| 4.1 {{increase}}| 3{{Flagsize=23px}}| 4,262,635| 4,067,175| 195,460 {{increase}}| 4.8 {{increase}}| 5{{Flagsize=23px}}| 1,132,505| 1,098,352| 34,153 {{increase}}| 3.1 {{increase}}| 7{{Flagsize=23px}}| 775,610| 747,101| 28,509 {{increase}}| 3.8 {{increase}}| 9{{Flagsize=23px}}| 154,331| 142,907| 11,424 {{increase}}| 8.0 {{increase}}| 11{{Flagsize=23px}}| 40,232| 35,874| 4,358 {{increase}}| 12.1 {{increase}}| 13

Age, sex at birth, and gender

{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-datatable” style="text-align: right;“! rowspan=“2” | Province or Territory! colspan=“3” | Age! colspan=“2” | Gender! colspan=“2” | Sex at birth! 0–14! 15–64! 65+! Men+{{efn|name=“Men+“|This category includes men and boys, as well as some non-binary persons.}}! Women+{{efn|name=“Women+“|This category includes women and girls, as well as some non-binary persons.}}! Male! Female British Columbia| 716,900| 3,267,615| 1,016,360| 2,457,515| 2,543,365| 2,456,420| 2,544,455 New Brunswick| 111,130| 487,320| 177,160| 381,460| 394,150| 381,260| 394,350 Northwest Territories| 8,475| 28,485| 4,105| 20,845| 20,225| 20,845| 20,220 Nunavut| 12,085| 23,170| 1,605| 18,765| 18,095| 18,755| 18,105 Prince Edward Island| 23,640| 97,985| 32,710| 75,385| 78,945| 75,370| 78,965 Saskatchewan| 223,110| 711,410| 197,985| 563,125| 569,380| 562,905| 569,600! colspan=“8” style="text-align: left;” | Source: Statistics CanadaWEB, April 27, 2022, Table 98-10-0023-01 — Age (in single years), average age and median age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions, census subdivisions and dissemination areas,www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810002301, August 26, 2022, Statistics Canada, WEB, April 27, 2022, Table 98-10-0034-01 — Broad age groups and sex: Canada, provinces and territories,www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810003401, August 26, 2022, Statistics Canada,

Ethnic origins

{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-datatable” style="text-align: right;“! colspan=“2” | Group! Population !! % of total populationvisible minority26,689,275 >| 73.5White| 69.8Indigenous| 5.0 South Asian| 7.1Chinese| 4.7Black| 4.3Filipino| 2.6Arab| 1.9Latin American| 1.6Southeast Asian| 1.1West Asian| 1.0Korean| 0.6Japanese| 0.3 Visible minority, {{abbrnot included elsewhere}}| 0.5! style="text-align: left;” colspan=“2” | Total! style="text-align: right;” | 36,328,480! style="text-align: right;” | 100.0! style="text-align: left;” colspan=“4” | Source: Statistics CanadaWEB, March 29, 2023, Census Profile,www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1,4&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada, August 31, 2023, Statistics Canada,

See also

• Demographics of Canada
• Statistics Act
• 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

• The 2021 Census at Statistics Canada
• Census of Agriculture

{{Census-ca}}{{People of Canada}}