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2008 Bucharest summit
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{Short description|2008 NATO summit meeting in Bucharest, Romania}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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Prior protests in Brussels
Protests against NATO's role in "promoting war" were held at NATO's HQ in Brussels two weeks before the summit,NEWS,weblink Arrests at Belgian Nato protest, BBC News, 22 March 2008, and NEWS,weblink Over 100 anti-war protesters arrested at NATO HQ, Reuters, 22 March 2008, and in Bucharest.NEWS,weblink Romanian police question 46 anti-NATO demonstrators after scuffle, International Herald Tribune, 2 April 2008, Protesters targeted the renewed determination of NATO to use nuclear weaponsNEWS, Ian, Traynor, Pre-emptive nuclear strike a key option, Nato told, 22 January 2008, The Guardian,weblink 23 January 2008, London, NEWS, Nato 'must prepare to launch nuclear attack', 23 January 2008, The Daily Telegraph,weblink 27 March 2024, London,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090803223225weblink">weblink 3 August 2009, and NATO's backing of the US anti-missile shield.NEWS,weblink Nato to back US missile defence, BBC News, 3 April 2008,Summit agenda
(File:2008 Bucharest summit (5).JPG|thumb|right|The summit)As said by Craig Kennedy in an introduction to the NATO Bucharest summitWEB,weblink Bucharest Conference - 2008 Transatlantic Forum, summitbucharest.gov.ro, and from the NATO summit program.WEB,weblink NATO Summit meetings to be held in Bucharest on 2-4 April 2008 Programme, summitbucharest.gov.ro,- NATO's capability and capacity.
- The tensions in the Russia-NATO relationship (3 and 4 April).
- Cyber security.
- EU-NATO partnership.
- Energy security.
- Stability of the Western Balkans.
- The mission in Afghanistan (2 and 3 April).
- NATO enlargement (Albania, former Yugoslav republics Croatia and Macedonia).
- NATO Action Plan membership (Georgia and Ukraine) (4 April).
- Moldova's future in NATO.
Host
Romania competed for the organization of this summit with Portugal, which initially was scheduled to host the summit in 2006, but eventually conceded in favor of Latvia, which held the 2006 Riga Summit. Romania received support from the United States, and U.S. Under Secretary of State R. Nicholas Burns said in December 2006 that Romania deserved the honor to hold this event due to its contribution to the Alliance's common effort in the War in Afghanistan and for stability in the Iraq War. Romania has been a member of NATO since 14 March 2004.Security measures
The security of the summit was assured by the host country. The mobilized forces included some 5,000 military servicemen, 9,000 policemen, 8,000 gendarms, 1,800 border policemen, and 2,550 others, including the Protection and Guard Service, and the Intelligence Service.WEB,weblink 23.000 de lucratori ai MIRA vor participa la asigurarea securitatii Summit-ului NATO, ro, stirilocale.ro, 10 March 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080313001458weblink">weblink 13 March 2008, WEB,weblink Summitul NATO va inchide centrul Bucurestiului, ro, Carmen Gavrila, Oana Popescu, Cotidianul, 22 September 2007,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20071113125940weblink">weblink 13 November 2007, During the summit, the terrorist threat alert was raised from blue level (caution) to yellow (moderate), with the necessary measures taken by the institutions of the Romanian state.WEB,weblink CSAT a aprobat ridicarea nivelului de alerta terorista inaintea summitului NATO, ro, summitbucharest.gov.ro, For travel from the Henri CoandÄ International Airport to the Palace of the Parliament, 39 Mercedes S-Guard and E-Guard armored sedans were provided for the state leaders, as well as another 500 Mercedes, Cadillac, and Ford unarmored cars.WEB,weblink Masinile NATO, de vanzare dupa ce se termina summitul, ro, Business24.ro, 3 April 2008, The traffic was restricted, and a traffic corridor was reserved for the official delegations.WEB,weblink Culoarul unic pentru delegatiile oficiale la summitul NATO este inchis, ro, Carla Antonescu, HotNews, 1 April 2008,Operation Noble Endeavor
(File:080723-F-4210L-003.jpg|thumb|F-15E fighters at Câmpia Turzii)To protect the skies above the summit, Romania launched Operation Noble Endeavor, an effort of the Romanian Air Force to provide air policing missions. On Romania's request, the U.S. Air Force augmented the Romanian forces in the mission. For this task, the USAF activated the 323d Air Expeditionary Wing at BaloteÈti, near Bucharest. The role of the 323d was to direct and coordinate the deployment of American aircraft, as well as support, maintenance, operations and medical personnel across eastern Europe.NEWS,weblink Airmen augment Romanian security for NATO summit, Petosky, Eric, 26 March 2008, 323rd Air Expeditionary Wing Public Affairs, 19 December 2016, The deployment included F-15E Strike Eagle fighters at Câmpia Turzii in Romania,WEB, Bolar Spring Break 2008,weblink lakenheath.af.mil, Randall Haskin, July 23, 2008, and at Graf Ignatievo in Bulgaria,WEB,weblink American fighter jets secure the skies above NATO summit, Sean Kimmons, Stars and Stripes (newspaper), Stars and Stripes, 3 April 2008, as well as KC-135 Stratotankers at the Budapest International Airport in Hungary.WEB,weblink Tankers deploy to Hungary, Bulgaria for Operation Noble Endeavor, usafe.af.mil, Eric Petosky, 2 April 2008, For the duration of the summit, the fighter jets remained on high alert and conducted combat air patrols over Bucharest, providing a show of force to repel any threats. The 323d AEW was inactivated at the end of the month after the summit, on 30 April.WEB, 323 Air Expeditionary Wing (USAFE),weblink 2022-03-28, Air Force Historical Research Agency, en-US,Non-invitation
An invitation to join the Alliance was not extended to the Republic of Macedonia (now North Macedonia). Greece had threatened on several occasions to veto the country's NATO bid due to the longstanding naming dispute over the latter's name.WEB,weblink Trend News : Greece to veto Macedonia membership at NATO summit, 6 April 2008,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080408000432weblink">weblink 8 April 2008, dead, The last UN proposal before the summit was the name "Republic of Macedonia (Skopje)", which was rejected by Greece.Greece dissatisfied with UN proposal on Macedonia name dispute {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407232719weblink |date=7 April 2008 }} Athens argues that use of the name "Macedonia" implies territorial claims on its own region of Macedonia. Macedonia denied it,Macedonia Leaves NATO Summit Early in Protest Over Membership Delay {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407063902weblink |date=7 April 2008 }} citing constitutional amendments that specifically exclude "territorial pretensions".Macedonia: New Developments In Name Row With Greece â RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTYConstitution of the Republic of Macedonia NATO officials said the country could begin talks on joining the alliance as soon as it had resolved its dispute with Greece.NEWS,weblink The Economist, The NATO summit â With allies like these â Economist.com, 3 April 2008, While under the terms of the Interim Accord, signed between the two parties in 1995, Greece agreed not to block "membership in international, multilateral and regional organizations and institutions" under the acronym "FYROM",Macedonia FAQ: Interim Accord between the Hellenic Republic and the Republic of Macedonia {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412230934weblink |date=12 April 2008 }} Greece expected that the country would immediately request recognition by its constitutional name once it gained entry into the organization.George Delastik, The End of the Balkans, 2008, p.p.85-100 According to politicians in Macedonia, Greece had directly breached the Interim Accord.WEB,weblink EXTRA: Macedonians walk out of NATO summit over Greek rejection : Europe World, 13 April 2008, 29 August 2012,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120829120006weblink">weblink dead, The governments that supported its membership bid argued that the country had completed the necessary reforms for membership and that regional stability would be challenged if it did not join NATO.NEWS,weblink BBC News, Nato Macedonia veto stokes tension, 4 April 2008, 22 April 2010, Oana, Lungescu, Macedonian delegation to stage protest walkout after NATO membership bid delayed â International Herald Tribune Conversely, Greece contended that although Macedonia rejected territorial claims officially, in practice there have been numerous irredentist provocations by high government officials, schoolbooks, and other governmental publications.Interview of FM Ms. Bakoyannis in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, with journalist Michael Martens {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419064622weblink |date=19 April 2008 }}NEWS,weblink The Wall Street Journal, All in a Name, Dora, Bakoyannis, 1 April 2008, Senior officials in Macedonia asserted that the country had fulfilled NATO requirements to join and was being "punished" for its identity.Makfax vesnik {{dead link|date=May 2011}}After an application for ruling submitted after the Summit by Macedonia under the "FYROM" reference against Greece on this matter before the International Court of Justice, on 5 December 2011 the Court ruled that Greece had indeed breached the accords and was wrong to do so.International Court of Justice: The Court finds that Greece, by objecting to the admission of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to NATO, has breached its obligation under Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995, 5 December 2011 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111081617weblink |date=11 January 2012 }}Russian presence
File:Vladimir Putin 4 April 2008-10.jpg|thumb|right|Romanian President Traian BÄsescu and Russian President Vladimir Putin, before NATO summit, in BucharestBucharest{{Expansion needed|date=March 2023|reason=There's a lot more info and relevance of this meeting}}Russian President Vladimir Putin was invited to the summit, and he arrived on the second day (3 April) to participate in bilateral NATOâRussia talks. He opposed the US plans to deploy missile defenses in Poland and the Czech Republic, which was discussed at the summit. Russia also opposed Georgia and Ukraine's NATO membership bids.WEB,weblink Departing Putin seeks to stop NATO gains - Yahoo! News, 1 April 2008, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20080410213408weblink">weblink 10 April 2008,Outcome
Summary of 2 April
- German Minister of Foreign affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier talked about Ukraine and Georgia and tried not to provoke Russia by doing so, as they are both on Russia's borders and are both former Soviet states.WEB,weblink Russia must not be provoked by NATO enlargement, said the German Minister of Foreign Affairs, summitbucharest.gov.ro, Romanian President Traian BÄsescu said Romania's approach to the relationship with Russia was to "leave behind the Cold War logic."WEB,weblink Basescu: We must leave behind Cold War logic, summitbucharest.gov.ro,
- U.S. President George W. Bush had a meeting at Neptun with President BÄsescu about visas for one another's countries and working on organising bilateral relationships. President BÄsescu claimed Romania deserved to have better relations with the US as it had sent troops to Iraq and AfghanistanWEB,weblink George W. Bush and Traian Basescu â on the Same Wavelength on all Major Issues of the NATO Agenda, summitbucharest.gov.ro, and had worked with the US.WEB,weblink Bush: We will collaborate with the Romanian Government to solve the Problem of the Visas, summitbucharest.gov.ro, WEB,weblink Basescu: Romania will meet its commitments, summitbucharest.gov.ro,
- NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer opened the 'Securing our future' exhibition. The display 'Defence against terrorism' was launched in the same exhibition and there were talks about NATO's involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan and making it a success.WEB,weblink NATO Summit - Exhibition 'Securing our future', summitbucharest.gov.ro,
- United States, Canada, Poland, Romania, the Czechs and the Baltic States, strongly supported Ukraine and Georgia becoming NATO action plan members; however, they were strongly opposed by Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium.NEWS, St. Albert Gazette, April 9, 2022, Mike Blanchfield, The Canadian Press, MacKay recalls the French, German NATO 'no' to Ukraine that Zelenskyy denounced, March 19, 2023, Ottawa,weblink NATO: No MAP For Georgia Or Ukraine, But Alliance Vows Membership by
title='Old' and 'new' Europe divided at NATO Summit | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/security/news/old-and-new-europe-divided-at-nato-summit/, Germany was more focused on reconciliation, on the dependence from Russian resources. Also, there were concerns with respect to governance and corruption within both countries, or their ability to pull out of nefarious influence in the Commonwealth of Independent States | . "Ukraine is seen by Russia as part of its own historic and cultural domain," Dutch politician warned. The British judgment is that, although there was full support for both Ukraine and Georgia, the question of when they joined should remain in the balance.HTTP://WWW.TIMESONLINE.CO.UK/TOL/NEWS/WORLD/EUROPE/ARTICLE3670335.ECE?TOKEN=NULL&OFFSET=0 | AUTHOR=MICHAEL EVANS AND FRANCIS ELLIOTT | DATE=3 APRIL 2008 | LOCATION=LONDON | ARCHIVE-DATE=9 JANUARY 2009, dead,
Summary of 3 April
Summary of 4 April
After the summit
Member states leaders and other dignitaries in attendance{hide}columns-list|colwidth=30em|
Non-member states and organisations{||
|
References
{{Reflist|2}}External links
{{Commons category|2008 Bucharest summit}}- Official Website
- Bucharest Summit Declaration Issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Bucharest on 3 April 2008
- ISAF's Strategic Vision Declaration by the Heads of State and Government of the Nations contributing to the UN-mandated NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan
- 2008 Vilnius NATO meeting
- weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20091223123632weblink">FYR of Macedonia after Bucharest: avoiding another European failure in the Balkans, Opinion by Aleksandar Matovski, June 2008, European Union Institute for Security Studies
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