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President of Romania
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President of Romania
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Head of state of Romania}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
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post | President|body = Romania
| Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania)>Supreme Council of National DefenceEuropean Council | Direct election>Popular vote|residence = Cotroceni Palace|termlength = Five years, renewable once|formation = 28 March 1974{{-{edih}8 December 1991 (current form) | Nicolae CeauÈescu {{small>(communist; first established)}}Ion Iliescu {{small|(current constitution)}} | President of the Senate of Romania>President of the Senate | Romanian leu>lei per month (~EUR | 66,800 annual)HTTP://WWW.ZIARE.COM/KLAUS-JOHANNIS/VICTOR-PONTA/CAT-VOR-CASTIGA-IOHANNIS-SI-PONTA-DUPA-MAJORAREA-SALARIILOR-DEMNITARILOR-1372270 | WORK=ZIARE.COM | LANGUAGE=RO, |website = PreÈedintele României}}{{Politics and Government of Romania}}The president of Romania () is the head of state of Romania. Following a modification to the Romanian Constitution in 2003, the president is directly elected by a two-round system and serves for five years. An individual may serve two terms. During their term in office, the president may not be a formal member of a political party. The president of Romania is the supreme commander of the Romanian Armed Forces.The office of president was created in 1974, when communist leader Nicolae CeauÈescu elevated the presidency of the State Council to a fully fledged executive presidency. It took its current form in stages after the Romanian Revolution, culminating in the adoption of Romania's current constitution in 1991.Klaus Iohannis is the incumbent president since his inauguration on 21 December 2014. Iohannis is of full Transylvanian Saxon ethnicity/descent, making him the first president from Romania's German minority.Communist eraIn the Communist era, the president was elected for a five-year term by the Great National Assembly (GNA) on the recommendation of the Romanian Communist Party's Central Committee and the Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy, with no term limits. CeauÈescu was the only holder of the office under this system; he was elected by the GNA in 1974 and reelected in 1980 and 1985, each time unopposed. The president continued to serve as ex officio president of the State Council, and had the right to act on any matter that did not require a State Council plenum. He also appointed and dismissed ministers and heads of central agencies. When the GNA was not in session (in practice, for most of the year), the president could appoint and dismiss the president of the Supreme Court and the prosecutor general without State Council's approval; indeed, he was not even required to consult his State Council colleagues when making such decisions. CeauÈescu created the office in order to make himself chief decision-maker in both name and fact. Previously, he had nominally been first among equals on the State Council, deriving his real power from his leadership of the Communist Party. In practice, he used his power to act on all matters that did not require a plenum to rule by decree. Over time, he also usurped many powers that constitutionally belonged to the State Council as a whole.{{csref|country=romania|author=Sergiu Verona|section=Government and Politics}}Oath of officeAfter the Constitutional Court acknowledges the legality of the election, the Houses of Parliament meet in a joint session. The elected President takes the following oath of office, specified by article 82 of the Constitution:I solemnly swear that I will dedicate all my strength and the best of my ability for the spiritual and material welfare of the Romanian people, to abide by the Constitution and laws of the country, to defend democracy, the fundamental rights and freedoms of my fellow-citizens, Romania's sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity. So help me God!Constitution of 1991, as revised in 2003 "Article 82: Validation of mandate and oath-taking", retrieved on 7 July 2012Powers and dutiesUnder the 1991 Constitution, which was amended in 2003, presidential powers were curtailed in contrast to communist Romania; the office continues to wield significant influence within a semi-presidential system of government.The president's duties are set out in Title III, Chapter II of the Constitution.WEB,weblink CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA, www.cdep.ro, These are not exclusive, and are supplemented by other constitutional and legal provisions.In home affairs:
ImpeachmentAn incumbent president who severely violates the Constitution may be suspended by the Parliament in joint session. If the suspension motion passes, there is a call for a referendum of impeachment within no more than 30 days from the suspension.If the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, in joint session, accuse the president of high treason, the president is suspended from powers and duties by right. The accusations are judged by the High Court of Cassation and Justice. The incumbent president is dismissed by right if found guilty of high treason.HistoryThe suspension and impeachment procedure has been implemented three times. The first time regarded President Ion Iliescu, following a statement regarding the returning of the illegally confiscated properties during the years of the Socialist Republic of Romania to the original owners or their heirs. This first attempt in 1995 did not pass the vote in Parliament.The second attempt was successful, with the person suspended being Traian BÄsescu, in office as of April 2007. He became the first president to successfully be suspended and also the first to face an impeachment vote before the people, regarding issues with supposed unconstitutional acts. The impeachment plebiscite was held on 19 May 2007, and BÄsescu survived the impeachment attempt. The result was the rejection of the proposal by 24.94% in favor to 75.06% opposed.The third attempt lead to a second successful suspension in July 2012, again against Traian BÄsescu. The referendum was held on 29 July 2012, and the results were 88.7% in favor and 11.3% opposed, with voter turnout calculated to be 46.24%; below the 50% + one vote threshold required at the time the referendum was held. The Constitutional Court did not give a verdict on the validation of the referendum at the time, citing irregularities in the permanent electoral lists. On 21 August, the Court deemed the referendum invalid, and again BÄsescu prevailed from being ousted.Succession{{Presidential orders of succession}}Should the office of the president become vacant due to resignation, impeachment, permanent inability to perform the duties of office, or death while in office,Constitution of 1991, as revised in 2003 "Article 97: Vacancy of office", retrieved on 11 April 2010 the president of the Senate or the president of the Chamber of Deputies, in that order, step in as Ad Interim President of RomaniaConstitution of 1991, as revised in 2003 "Article 98: Interim of office", retrieved on 11 April 2010 (). Neither relinquish their position as president of their respective Legislative House for the duration of the ad interim term. An ad interim president cannot address the Parliament, dissolve the Parliament, nor call for a referendum (the impeachment referendum after a motion of suspension is called by Parliament). The vacancy of the office cannot be longer than three months.Constitution of 1991, as revised in 2003 "Article 97: Vacancy of office; paragraph (2)", retrieved on 22 August 2012 While the president is suspended, the office is not considered vacant.ListLatest election{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Candidate!rowspan=2|Party!colspan=2|First round!colspan=2|Second round | |||
National Liberal Party (Romania)}} | Klaus Iohannis | National Liberal Party| 3,485,292| 37.82| 6,509,135| 66.09 | ||||||||||
Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} | Viorica DÄncilÄ | Social Democratic Party| 2,051,725| 22.26| 3,339,922| 33.91 | ||||||||||
USR PLUS}} | Dan Barna | 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance| 1,384,450| 15.02 | ||||||||||
Mircea Diaconu | Alliance for "One Man" (PRO Romania | âAlliance of Liberals and Democrats (Romania)>ALDE)| 815,201| 8.85 | ||||||||||
Theodor Paleologu | People's Movement Party| 527,098| 5.72 | |||||||||||
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} | Hunor Kelemen | Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania| 357,014| 3.87 | ||||||||||
Ramona Bruynseels | Humanist Power Party| 244,275| 2.65 | |||||||||||
Alexandru CumpÄnaÈu | Independent| 141,316| 1.53 | |||||||||||
(:ro:Viorel CataramÄ|Viorel CataramÄ) | Liberal Right Party| 48,662| 0.53 | |||||||||||
(:ro:Bogdan Stanoevici|Bogdan Stanoevici) | Independent| 39,192| 0.42 | |||||||||||
CÄtÄlin Ivan | Alternative for National Dignity| 32,787| 0.36 | |||||||||||
(:ro:Ninel Peia|Ninel Peia) | Romanian Nationhood Party| 30,884| 0.34 | |||||||||||
Sebastian Popescu | New Romania Party| 30,850| 0.33 | |||||||||||
(:ro:John Ion Banu|John Ion Banu) | Romanian Nation Party| 27,769| 0.30 | |||||||||||
Invalid/blank votes| 142,961| â| 182,648| â | ||||||||||||
Total| 9,359,673| 100| 10,031,705| 100 | ||||||||||||
Registered voters/turnout| 18,286,865| 51.18| 18,217,411| 55.07 | ||||||||||||
Sources: BEC (first round); BEC (second round) |
See also
- Lifespan timeline of heads of state of Romania
- List of heads of state of Romania
- List of presidents of Romania
- List of heads of government of Romania
- List of presidents of Romania by time in office
References
External links
{{Heads of State of Romania}}{{Romania topics}}{{Supreme Council of National Defence}}{{Heads of state of the European Union member states}}{{European Council}}{{Heads of state and government of Europe}}- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "President of Romania" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
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- "President of Romania" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 8:37am EDT - Sat, May 18 2024
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