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{{Short description|Terrorist attacks in Indonesia}}{{about|the 2005 bombings in Bali|the 2002 attack|2002 Bali bombings}}{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

factoids

{{Campaignbox Terrorism in Indonesia}}A series of bombings occurred on 1 October 2005 in Bali, Indonesia. Bombs exploded at two sites in Jimbaran Beach resort and in Kuta {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} away, both in south Bali. The terrorist attack claimed the lives of 20 people and injured more than 100 others. The attack was known in Indonesia as the second Bali bombing or Bali bombing II (Indonesian: ) to distinguish it from the previous attack in 2002.

Explosions

{{Wikinews|Lethal explosions hit Bali}}The Indonesian national news agency, ANTARA, reported that the first two explosions occurred at 6:50 p.m. local time, near a Jimbaran food court and the third at 7:00 pm. in Kuta Town Square. Other reports claim that the blasts occurred at around 7:15 p.m. At least 3 blasts were reported.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}One of the blasts struck Raja’s Restaurant at the Kuta Square shopping mall in central Kuta. Another two bombs exploded at warungs along the Jimbaran beach, one of which was near the Four Seasons Hotel. These areas are generally popular with Western tourists.WEB,www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/171268/1/.html, (CNA), Channelnewsasia.com, 4 October 1913, 14 October 2013, 28 July 2009,www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/171268/1/.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20090728001047www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/171268/1/.html,">web.archive.org/web/20090728001047www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/171268/1/.html, dead, Police later said they had found three unexploded bombs in Jimbaran. They had apparently failed to go off after the security forces hastily shut down the island’s mobile telephone network following the first blasts.NEWS, Leo Lewis Beijing,www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1807787,00.html, Timesonline.co.uk, Timesonline.co.uk, 1 October 2013, 14 October 2013, According to Indonesia’s head of counter-terrorism, Major General Ansyaad Mbai, early evidence indicates that the attacks were carried out by at least three suicide bombers in a similar fashion to the 2002 bombings. The remnants of backpacks and excessively mutilated bodies are believed to be evidence of suicide bombings. There remains also a possibility that backpacks were hidden inside the target restaurants before detonation.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727094232www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472805.htm|date=27 July 2009}}weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006064049www.news.com.au/story/0%2C10117%2C16790125-23109%2C00.html|date=6 October 2008}}WEB,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4301630.stm, Asia-Pacific | Bali bombs ‘were suicide attacks’, BBC News, 2 October 2005, 16 October 2013, Australian Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty said that the bombs used appear to have differed from previous blasts in that most deaths and injuries had been inflicted by shrapnel, rather than chemical explosion. A medical officer’s x-rays showed foreign objects described as “pellets” in many victims’ bodies and a victim reported ball bearings lodged in her back.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006064044www.news.com.au/story/0%2C10117%2C16790062-26619%2C00.html|date=6 October 2008}}The bombings occurred the same day that Indonesia cut its fuel subsidies resulting in gas prices rising by 675% and just two days before the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan and 11 days before the third anniversary of the 2002 Bali bombing. The attack came during the school holiday period in some states of Australia, when an estimated 7,500 Australians are believed to have been visiting Bali.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Casualties

{| class=“wikitable sortable” style="float:right; margin:10px” Bali bombings on 1 October 2005 style="text-align:center; background:#e9e9e9;” Nationality Deaths Injured SourcesIndonesia}}PUBLISHER=CHANNELNEWSASIA.COM ACCESS-DATE=14 OCTOBER 2013, Australia}}weblink {{webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127091614www.news.com.au/story/0%2C10117%2C16788455-2%2C00.htmlweblink {{webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213012119dailytelegraph.news.com.au/story/0%2C20281%2C16794917-5001021%2C00.html|date=13 February 2006}}Japan}}URL-STATUS=DEAD TITLE=XINHUA - ENGLISH ACCESS-DATE=1 OCTOBER 2013, South Korea}}URL-STATUS=DEAD TITLE=XINHUA - ENGLISH DATE=2 OCTOBER 2005, 1 October 2013, United States|1960}}PUBLISHER=CBC.CA ACCESS-DATE=1 OCTOBER 2013, weblink {{webarchivewww.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0%2C1280%2C-5316233%2C00.html>date=10 March 2007}}Canada}}|United Kingdom}}PUBLISHER=EDITION.CNN.COM, 1 October 2013, | Unknown| style="background: #E9E9E9;” Total 20* style="background: #E9E9E9;” 129 >Hindus while the rest were 19 Australians, 8 South Koreans, 6 Americans, 4 Japanese, 3 Canadians and 1 Briton. As there were no records at the hospitals or morgues on the locations from where the victims arrived, it is not possible to determine the casualty figures at each blast location separately.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}Most of the casualties were sent to Bali’s Sanglah General Hospital, and mostly treated for injuries caused by broken glass.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927053821www.islamonline.org/English/News/2005-10/01/article06.shtml|date=27 September 2011}} Others were sent to {{sic|Griya Asih|hide=yes}} Hospital.WEB,www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_2-10-2005_pg1_3, Leading News Resource of Pakistan, Daily Times, 2 October 2005, 1 October 2013, As in the 2002 bombings, some of the injured, primarily foreign nationals, were evacuated to medical facilities in Australia and Singapore.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709104928www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472748.htm|date=9 July 2011}}weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709012718www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472723.htm|date=9 July 2011}} The less seriously injured were evacuated to Singapore, while other casualties, among them Australians, Japanese and an Indonesian, were evacuated to treatment in Darwin, Australia aboard a Royal Australian Air Force C-130 Hercules.Following the 2002 Bali bombings, in which more Australians than any other nationals were killed and injured, and the 2004 bombing of Australia’s Embassy in Jakarta, the latest attacks received extensive coverage in Australia and were denounced by some officials, such as Federal Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, as an attack on Australians.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709104928www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472748.htm|date=9 July 2011}}

Prior warnings

Indonesian authorities were expecting such an event, after the Indonesian president warned of more bombings within the country, and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAT) had issued warnings two days before the event. However, the Australian government claimed that it received no specific prior warning of a terrorist attack being imminent in Bali. Minister Downer also played down any knowledge of specific signs of the potential event, despite the DFAT warning on the last day of September.WEB,www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Indonesia, Australian Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Smartraveller.gov.au, 14 October 2013, dead,www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/indonesia," title="web.archive.org/web/20131008122236www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/indonesia,">web.archive.org/web/20131008122236www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/indonesia, 8 October 2013, DFAT warned Australians against non-essential travel to Indonesia since before the 2002 attacks â€“ a warning still in effect. The department advises travellers against congregating in areas popular with Western tourists.In May 2005, the US State Department issued a travel warning against non-essential trips to Indonesia. The travel warning was last updated 9 January 2007.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503125046travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/tw/tw_918.html|date=3 May 2009}}A Philippine security official said that for months intelligence officials in Southeast Asia had received information that Jemaah Islamiyah group was orchestrating a major strike, possibly in the Philippines or Indonesia, but were unable to uncover the plot’s details in time to prevent it.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083145www.thejakartapost.com/detaillatestnews.asp?fileid=20051002184630&irec=4|date=29 September 2007}}

Suspects

The attacks bear the hallmarks of the active terrorist network Jemaah Islamiah (JI), which is believed to be responsible for several bombings in Indonesia, including the Philippine consulate bombing in Jakarta, the Jakarta Stock Exchange bombing, the Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia bombings, the 2002 Bali nightclub bombing, the 2002 Makassar bombing, the 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, the 2004 Australian Embassy bombing, the 2005 Palu market bombing and the 2009 Jakarta bombings. Rohan Gunaratna, head of terrorism research at Singapore’s Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, told Agence France-Presse that “The only group that has the intention and capability to mount a coordinated and simultaneous attack against a western target in Indonesia is Jemaah Islamiyah.“WEB,www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/171277/1/.html, CNA, Channelnewsasia.com, 4 October 1913, 14 October 2013, 23 April 2008,www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/171277/1/.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20080423062734www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/171277/1/.html,">web.archive.org/web/20080423062734www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/171277/1/.html, dead, Although a link to JI has not been confirmed, the bombings were quickly condemned as terrorist attacks by the authorities. Police Major General Ansyaad Mbai, a top Indonesian anti-terrorism official, told the Associated Press that the bombings “were clearly the work of terrorists”.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313134100www.ohio.com/mld/beaconjournal/12792731.htm|date=13 March 2007}} Major General Mbai identified Malaysian men, already wanted in connection to previous bombings in Indonesia, as the suspected masterminds of the attacks. The chief suspect was Azahari Husin, a member of JI who was an engineering expert and former academic with a doctorate from University of Reading (late 1980s). Husin was nicknamed the “Demolition Man” and was thought to have collaborated with the second suspect: Noordin Mohammed Top, a bomb maker whose wife was sentenced to three years in prison for harbouring him.WEB,www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/10/02/wbali102.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/10/02/ixnewstop.html,web.archive.org/web/20070311102730/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2005%2F10%2F02%2Fwbali102.xml&sSheet=%2Fnews%2F2005%2F10%2F02%2Fixnewstop.html, dead, 11 March 2007, Western tourists killed as terrorists return to bomb Indonesian holiday island again, The Daily Telegraph, 10 February 2005, Andrew Alderson, Colin Freeman, Nina Goswami, 19 May 2020, Azahari was killed in a police raid on 9 November 2005 at Batu, East Java, while Noordin “has been killed after a lengthy and violent siege, Indonesia’s police chief said” by “heavily armed counter-terrorism police” on 17 September 2009 at Surakarta, Central Java.WEB, Tom Allard,www.smh.com.au/world/terror-kingpin-dies-in-siege-20090917-fttc.html, Sydney Morning Herald 18 September 2009, Accessed 30 November 2009, The Sydney Morning Herald, 18 September 2009, 14 October 2013, Motivations for the bombings remain unclear. Some, such as the Australian Prime Minister, have suggested the attacks were intended to undermine Indonesia’s moderate democratic government.WEB,www.afr.com/politics/indonesia-reels-from-bombings-20051003-jjd4l, Indonesia reels from bombings, 3 October 2005, Moreover, media organisations have suggested that the attack was planned to correspond with massive fuel price increases in Indonesia, so as to maximise economic and political damage. On the contrary, Sidney Jones, of the International Crisis Group, believes that it was not an attempt to undermine democracy “per se”, but rather an example of jihadist extremism: “I think they very much see the world in a black and white way, us against them, Muslims against infidels... [They see] that the infidels led by the United States as part of a Christian-Zionist conspiracy are out to persecute and attack and eliminate Muslims around the world, and therefore, [they] have to run away.” However, in common with the Prime Minister, Jones believes the attack was indiscriminate and not an attack on Australians “per se”. She suggested Bali was selected as the site of the attacks because there was less chance of Indonesian gangsters being killed, and there was “a chance of getting a few foreigners”.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130190505www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1473775.htm|date=30 November 2010}}Following the attacks Abu Bakar Bashir, who is alleged to be JI’s spiritual leader, released a statement from his prison cell, condemning the attack. But he added that the bombings were a sign of God’s displeasure with the Indonesian government. He said: “I suggest the government bring themselves closer to God by implementing his rules and laws because these happenings are warnings from God for all of us.“weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424000618edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/asiapcf/10/05/bali.detainees/|date=24 April 2008}} In an interview with Scott Atran from his cell in Cipinang Prison, Jakarta, Bashir said: “I call those who carried out these actions all mujahid. They all had a good intention, that is, Jihad in Allah’s way, the aim of the jihad is to look for blessing from Allah. They are right that America is the proper target because America fights Islam. So in terms of their objectives, they are right, and the target of their attacks was right also.“WEB,www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=562&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=26&cHash=f0e77f13a0, The Emir: An Interview with Abu Bakr Ba’asyir, Alleged Leader of Jemaah Islamiy, Jamestown.org, 13 September 2013, 14 October 2013,

Investigation

Indonesian police believed that three suicide bombers carried out the bombings. A presidential spokesman Dino Djalal said that the police found a total of “six legs and three heads but no middle bodies, and that’s the strong sign of suicide bombers.” Photos of the three heads were published in The Jakarta Post on Monday, 3 October 2005.weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083235www.thejakartapost.com/detailheadlines.asp?fileid=20051004.%4001&irec=0|date=29 September 2007}} Initially, there were conflicting reports on the number of bombs; but later, the police confirmed only three bombs.NEWS,www.nytimes.com/2005/10/02/international/asia/02bali.html?hp&ex=1128312000&en=8fb20a0ee05adc3b&ei=5094&partner=homepage, Bali Bombings Kill at Least 25 in Tourist Spots, The New York Times, 16 October 2013, An amateur video capturing the scene at the restaurant in Kuta showed one bomber with a backpack walking inside just seconds before a huge explosion.On the following Monday, on 3 October 2005, the police issued an appeal to the public for help identifying the suspected suicide bombers whose dismembered remains were found at the scene. Photos of the dead suspects were later distributed widely and a hotline was set up to receive tips.According to Banten Police Chief Senior Commissioner Badrodin Haiti, the Indonesian police are seeking five members of a ring led by Imam Samudra, who has been sentenced to death for his role in the 2002 Bali bombings. Three of the five men had already served jail sentences for holding explosives belonging to Samudra. They were under police surveillance but had disappeared from their homes.On 9 October 2005, police in Bali arrested a man, identified by the initials HS, who was allegedly a former roommate of one of the suicide bombers.WEB,www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2005/10/12/brk,20051012-67877,uk.html, TEMPO, Tempointeractive.com, 14 October 2013,www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2005/10/12/brk,20051012-67877,uk.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20120207104247www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2005/10/12/brk,20051012-67877,uk.html,">web.archive.org/web/20120207104247www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2005/10/12/brk,20051012-67877,uk.html, 7 February 2012, dead, According to Indonesian police, in 2005, a corrupt prison warden at the Kerobokan prison smuggled a laptop inside for Imam Samudra, the leader of the terrorist group involved in the first Bali bombing. He then used the laptop and a wireless connection to chat with other terrorist suspects.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Political response

Local

• President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono condemned the blasts as a “criminal act” and called for an urgent meeting with Indonesian security officials. He visited the island and vowed that those responsible would be caught, saying “We will hunt down the perpetrators and bring them to justice.“weblink {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314130940www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=6634|date=14 March 2007}}
• Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security Affairs Widodo Adi Sutjipto, State Intelligence Agency Head Syamsir Siregar and Police Chief General Sutanto were instructed by the Indonesian President to leave for Bali on the evening of 1 October 2005.
• Vice-President Jusuf Kalla told the BBC that the government was uncertain of the group responsible for the attacks.

See also

• Jakarta Stock Exchange bombing
• Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia bombings
• 2002 Bali bombings, which killed 202 people
• 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing in Jakarta which killed 12 and injured 150
• 2004 Australian embassy bombing in Jakarta, which killed 9 people
• Jemaah Islamiyah, an Islamic terrorist group that is active in Indonesia
• 2005 Palu market bombing, a 2005 Sulawesi bombing

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• ANTARA â€“ Indonesian National News Agency
• BBC news report
• www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472676.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20060526072023www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1472676.htm">ABC news report
  • www.abc.net.au/news/indepth/featureitems/s1472756.htm" title="web.archive.org/web/20051227224843www.abc.net.au/news/indepth/featureitems/s1472756.htm">Eyewitness accounts
• news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=65491" title="web.archive.org/web/20060919071113news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=65491">Ninemsn, interview with Mercedes Corby
• Latest photos of the blast, Getty Images{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• Bloomberg report
• news.indahnesia.com/event.php?event=34" title="web.archive.org/web/20051212101930news.indahnesia.com/event.php?event=34">Bali tourist areas hit by bombs
• Associated Press news report (random agency)
• OpenDemocracy www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/thailand_2886.jsp" title="https:/-/web.archive.org/web/20051211065050www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/thailand_2886.jsp">weblink Bali’s agony, Thailand’s turmoil: Analysis by Jan McGirk
• CNN report
• CNN report with link to amateur video that captured one of the blasts. (Warning â€“ graphic content)
• 2000 Philippine ambassador bombing Reuters{{dead link|date=May 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
• www.sais-jhu.edu/bwelsh/BYPolicyPaper.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20040513043248www.sais-jhu.edu/bwelsh/BYPolicyPaper.pdf">Combating JI in Indonesia

{{War on Terrorism}}{{IslamismSEA}}{{coord|8.3692|S|115.1383|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}