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{{distinguish|Dominant-party system}}{{Short description|State in which only one party has the right to form the government}}{{About|one-party political states|telephone call recording laws and notification and requirements|Telephone call recording laws#One-party consent states|the album|One Party State (album)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}{{party politics}}A
one-party state,
single-party state,
one-party system or
single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single
political party controls the ruling system.BOOK, Clark, William Roberts,
books.google.com/books?id=2KFvJwi8_jwC&pg=PA611, Principles of Comparative Politics, Golder, Matt, Golder, Sona Nadenichek, 23 March 2012, SAGE, 9781608716791, 611, en, All other parties are either outlawed or only enjoy limited and controlled participation in
elections. Sometimes the term ”
de facto one-party state” is used to describe a
dominant-party system that, unlike the one-party state, allows (at least nominally) democratic multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.WEB, One-Party States {{!, Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/one-party-states |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}} Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population.JOURNAL, Angiolillo, Fabio, 2023-04-27, Introducing the One-Party Membership Dataset: A dataset on party membership in autocracies,
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00223433231155278, Journal of Peace Research, en, 002234332311552, 10.1177/00223433231155278, 0022-3433, free, With such a small winning coalition, leaders in one-party states usually lack the incentive to care about the well-being of citizens.{{Citation |last=Hanson |first=Stephen E. |title=The Contribution of Area Studies |date=2009 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9780857021083.n10 |work=The SAGE Handbook of Comparative Politics |pages=159–174 |access-date=2023-03-04 |place=1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom |publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd|doi=10.4135/9780857021083.n10 |isbn=9781412919760 |s2cid=184118662 }} Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party dictatorships, structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.JOURNAL, Magaloni, Beatriz, Kricheli, Ruth, 2010-05-01, Political Order and One-Party Rule, Annual Review of Political Science, 13, 1, 123–143, 10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220529, 1094-2939, free, While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for elections at the smallest local level. One-party states lack any legitimate competition. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.JOURNAL, Creak, Simon, Barney, Keith, 2018-08-10, Conceptualising Party-State Governance and Rule in Laos, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 48, 5, 693–716, 10.1080/00472336.2018.1494849, 158403649, 0047-2336, free,  For example, the Chinese Communist Party exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.JOURNAL, Hassan, Mai, Mattingly, Daniel, Nugent, Elizabeth R., 2022-05-12, Political Control, Annual Review of Political Science, 25, 1, 155–174, 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013321, 241393914, 1094-2939, free,  They view these positions as crucial for gathering information on the population and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.JOURNAL, MALESKY, EDMUND, SCHULER, PAUL, 2011-10-26, The Single-Party Dictator’s Dilemma: Information in Elections without Opposition,
dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00025.x, Legislative Studies Quarterly, 36, 4, 491–530, 10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00025.x, 0362-9805,  One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and gathering valuable data.BOOK, Frantz, Erica,
worldcat.org/oclc/1202872902, Authoritarianism : what everyone needs to know, 978-0-19-756964-1, 1202872902, Â To account for this, the regimes have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.BOOK, Frantz, Erica,
worldcat.org/oclc/1202872902, Authoritarianism : what everyone needs to know, 978-0-19-756964-1, 1202872902,  One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.JOURNAL, Gandhi, Jennifer, Lust-Okar, Ellen, 2009-06-01, Elections Under Authoritarianism, Annual Review of Political Science, 12, 1, 403–422, 10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434, 1094-2939, free,  They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents. This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government. Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions. In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites. Data on one-party regimes can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency. {{clear}}
Current one-party states
As of {{currentyear}} the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:{|class=“wikitable sortable“!Country!Head of party!Leader title!Party!Ideology!Date of establishment!Duration!Notes
|
| Flag of the People’s Republic of China.svg}} China{{Citation | date=2023-01-26 | work=The World Factbook | language=en |access-date=2023-02-05}} | 100px|center) Xi Jinping | General Secretary of the Communist Party of China>General Secretary | Communist Party of China}}|Socialism with Chinese characteristics|1 October 1949 | 1949 | 01}}| |
|
| Flag of Cuba.svg}} CubaROMAN >FIRST=PETER | PUBLISHER=ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD | ISBN=0-7425-2564-3, | 100px|center) Miguel DÃaz-Canel | First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba>First Secretary | Flag of the Communist Party of Cuba.svg}} Communist Party of Cuba|Marxism–Leninism, Castroism, Guevarism, Left-wing nationalism|16 April 1961 | 1961 | 16}}| |
|
| Flag of Eritrea.svg}} Eritrea2018-07-17 >TITLE=ERITREANS HOPE FOR DEMOCRACY AFTER PEACE DEAL WITH ETHIOPIA | WORK=BBC NEWS | ACCESS-DATE=2023-02-05, | 100px|center) Isaias Afwerki | Party chair>Chairperson | Flag of the EPLF.svg}} People’s Front for Democracy and Justice|Eritrean nationalism, Statism|24 May 1993 | 1993 | 24}}| |
|
| Flag of Laos.svg}} LaosLAOS: FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 COUNTRY REPORT >URL=HTTPS://FREEDOMHOUSE.ORG/COUNTRY/LAOS/FREEDOM-WORLD/2020 | WEBSITE=FREEDOM HOUSE, en, | 100px|center) Thongloun Sisoulith | General Secretary of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party>General Secretary | Flag of LPRP.svg}} Lao People’s Revolutionary Party|Kaysone Phomvihane Thought|2 December 1975 | 1975 | 02}}| |
|
| Flag of North Korea.svg}} North KoreaNORTH KOREA: COUNTRY PROFILE >URL=HTTPS://FREEDOMHOUSE.ORG/COUNTRY/NORTH-KOREA | WEBSITE=FREEDOM HOUSE, en, | 100px|center) Kim Jong-un | General Secretary of the Workers’ Party of Korea>General Secretary | Flag of the Workers’ Party of Korea.svg}} Workers’ Party of Korea|Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism|9 September 1948 | 1948 | 9}}| |
|
| Flag of Vietnam.svg}} VietnamVIETNAM: COUNTRY PROFILE >URL=HTTPS://FREEDOMHOUSE.ORG/COUNTRY/VIETNAM | WEBSITE=FREEDOM HOUSE | LANGUAGE=EN, | 100px|center) Nguyá»…n Phú Trá»ng | General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam>General Secretary | Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} Communist Party of Vietnam|Ho Chi Minh Thought | Reunification Day>30 April 1975 | 1975 | 30}}| |
De facto one-party states“>De facto one-party states
A de facto one-party system is one that, while not officially linking a single political party to governmental power, utilizes some means of political manipulation to ensure only one party stays in power.WEB, McLean, Iain, McMillan, Alistair, 2009, One-Party State,www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100250211, 2023-08-27, Oxford Reference, 10.1093/acref/9780199207800.001.0001, 978-0-19-920780-0, Many different countries have been claimed to be de facto one-party states, with differing levels of agreement between scholars, although most agree that the African continent is marked by this political system.{{Citation |last=Ziemer |first=Klaus |title=The African One-Party State |date=1995 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_7 |work=State and Society in Francophone Africa since Independence |pages=97–105 |editor-last=Kirk-Greene |editor-first=Anthony |access-date=2023-08-27 |series=St Antony’s/Macmillan Series |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_7 |isbn=978-1-349-23826-2 |editor2-last=Bach |editor2-first=Daniel}}JOURNAL, Mitchinson, Naomi, January 1984, One party rule in Africa,www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00358538408453617, The Round Table, en, 73, 289, 38–44, 10.1080/00358538408453617, 0035-8533, JOURNAL, Schachter, Ruth, June 1961, Single-Party Systems in West Africa,www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400123329/type/journal_article, American Political Science Review, en, 55, 2, 294–307, 10.2307/1952240, 0003-0554, Below are just a few examples of governments that have been claimed to have single party rule due to political manipulation.{| class=“wikitable sortable“|+!Country!Party!Date ofestablishment!Information|
| Angola}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} | MPLA>People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola|11 November 1975|The MPLA has ruled Angola since its declaration of independence from Portugal, starting as a de jure one-party state, then initiating a multiparty system in 1991. |
|
| Cambodia}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}|Cambodian People’s Party|7 January 1979|The CPP has ruled since victory in Cambodian–Vietnamese War |
|
| Republic of the Congo}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}|Congolese Party of Labour|31 December 1968 | Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)>civil war in 1997, from which point the PCT has been the sole ruling party since. |
|
| Equatorial Guinea}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}|Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea|11 October 1987 | 1982 Equatorial Guinea constitution>1982 constitution and Theodoro Obiang, leader of the PDGE, leading Equatorial Guinea since 1979, and having won every election by at least 92% approval, with all “opposition” parties adamantly supporting Obiang, and never holding more than 32% of seats in any house. |
|
| Singapore}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}|People’s Action Party|30 May 1959|While it does not have much electoral controversy, the PAP is essentially linked to governance in Singapore. |
|
| Mozambique}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} | FRELIMO>Liberation Front of Mozambique|25 June 1975| The FRELIMO has ruled Mozambique since its declaration of independence from Portugal, starting as a de jure one-party state, then initiating a multiparty system in 1994. |
|
| Paraguay}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}|Colorado Party (Paraguay) |11 September 1887 | | reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ().|date=May 2024}} |
|
| Rwanda}}|Rwandan Patriotic Front|1994 | electoral fraud.THOMSON | URL=HTTPS://BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM/BOOKS?ID=RBXODWAAQBAJ&Q=ONE-PARTY+STATE | DATE=2018 | ISBN=978-0-300-23591-3 | LANGUAGE=EN | | LAST2=TWAGIRAMUNGU | DATE=8 APRIL 2019 | LANGUAGE=EN | URL=HTTPS://THECONVERSATION.COM/RWANDAS-ECONOMIC-GROWTH-COULD-BE-DERAILED-BY-ITS-AUTOCRATIC-REGIME-114649, 5 September 2023, |
|
Syria}}Sources:
- NEWS, Lucas, Scott, 25 February 2021, How Assad Regime Tightened Syria’s One-Party Rule, EA Worldview,eaworldview.com/2021/02/how-assad-regime-tightened-syrias-one-party-rule/,web.archive.org/web/20210225110507/https://eaworldview.com/2021/02/how-assad-regime-tightened-syrias-one-party-rule/, 25 February 2021,
- BOOK, Shively, Schultz, W. Phillips, David, Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science, Rowman & Littlefield, 2022, 9781538151860, 188, 7: Democracies and Authoritarian System,
- BOOK, Derbyshire, Derbyshire, J. Denis, Ian, Encyclopedia of World Political Systems, Routledge, 2016, 978-0-7656-8025-9, 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA, 610, Syria,
- NEWS, 19 April 2023, Syria country profile, BBC News,www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703856,web.archive.org/web/20230420070320/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703856, 20 April 2023,
| Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party – Syria Region>Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party|2012 | Bashar al-Assad theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba’athist Syria remains a de-facto one-party state with an extensive General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)>secret police apparatus that curtails independent political activities.LUCAS >FIRST=SCOTT | TITLE=HOW ASSAD REGIME TIGHTENED SYRIA’S ONE-PARTY RULE | URL=HTTPS://EAWORLDVIEW.COM/2021/02/HOW-ASSAD-REGIME-TIGHTENED-SYRIAS-ONE-PARTY-RULE/ | ARCHIVE-DATE=25 FEBRUARY 2021, |
|
| Venezuela}}2020-06-18 >TITLE=NA: “REGIME WANTS TO BUILD A ONE-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM | ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-10 | LANGUAGE=ES, | PSUV>United Socialist Party of Venezuela|2017/2024 | National Assembly (Venezuela)#1999 Constitution>National Assembly and the convocation of a 2017 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela | by Nicolás Maduro on May 1, 2017, composed mostly of PSUV politicians. Since then, different laws have been approved to restrict political participation, including informal persecution and the disqualification of certain politicians (including complaints of electoral fraud), concluding in the year 2024 where, thanks to the new laws approved, the majority of Venezuelan opposition>opposition politicians have been disqualified and their organizations were banned, leaving only a controlled “opposition.“ITRIAGO ACOSTA >FIRST=ANDREINA | TITLE=’ANTI-FASCISM’ LAW TO TIGHTEN CRACKDOWN ON VENEZUELAN OPPOSITION | ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-10 | | DATE=APRIL 5, 2024 | URL=HTTPS://WWW.MIAMIHERALD.COM/NEWS/NATION-WORLD/WORLD/AMERICAS/VENEZUELA/ARTICLE287431415.HTML | WORK=MIAMI HERALD, |
Former one-party states
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2024}}{|class=“wikitable sortable“!Country!Party!Ideology!Date of establishment!Date of dissolution!Duration!Continent|
| {{flagicon image | Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)>Republic of Afghanistan | Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1974–1978).svg}} National Revolutionary Party|Pashtun nationalism, Pashtunization, Republicanism, Secularism | format=dmy | 2 | | DATE=2001 | ISBN=978-1-57980-744-3 | | WEBSITE=PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20120406234448/HTTPS://WWW.PRINCETON.EDU/~PCWCR/REPORTS/AFGHAN1977.HTML, 6 April 2012, | format=dmy | 4|28}} | 1977 | 14 | 4|28}}|Asia |
|
| Flag of Afghanistan (1978-1980).svg}} Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | Flag of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg}} People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Khalq|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism, Pashtun nationalism, Anti-imperialism | format=dmy | 04|30}} | format=dmy | 12|24}} | 1978 | 30 | 12|24}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1987–1992).svg}} Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of Afghanistan | Flag of the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg}} People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front)|Communism (until 1990), Marxism–Leninism (until 1990), Afghan nationalism, Anti-imperialism | format=dmy | 12|24}} | format=dmy | 7|28}} | 1979 | 24 | 7|28}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)>Albanian Kingdom | Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg}} Albanian Fascist Party | Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Fascism, Italophilia, Anti-Serb sentiment>Serbophobia, Hellenophobia | format=dmy | 06|02}} | format=dmy | 07|27}} | 1939 | 02 | 07|27}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)>Albanian Kingdom|Guard of Greater Albania|Albanian nationalism, Fascism | format=dmy | 07|27}} | format=dmy | 09|08}} | 1943 | 27 | 09|08}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | German occupation of Albania>Albanian Kingdom | Balli Kombëtar>National Front|Albanian nationalism, Greater Albania, Anti-communism, Republicanism, Big tent, Agrarian socialism | format=dmy | 09|14}} | format=dmy | 11|29}} | 1943 | 14 | 11|29}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} Democratic Government of Albania | Flag of Party of Labour of Albania.svg}} Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement) | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Hoxhaism, Anti-revisionism | format=dmy | 10|20}} | format=dmy | 8|5}} | 1944 | 20 | 8|5}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} Democratic Government of Albania | {{Flagicon image | Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front of Albania>Democratic Front) | format=dmy | 8|5}} | format=dmy | 1|11}} | 1945 | 5 | 1|11}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | People’s Socialist Republic of Albania>Albania | format=dmy | 1|11}} | format=dmy | 12|11}} | 1946 | 11 | 12|11}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag|Algeria}} | Variant flag of the GPRA (1958-1962).svg}} National Liberation Front|Arab socialism, Algerian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Anti-imperialism | format=dmy | 7|3}} | format=dmy | 2|23}} | 1962 | 3 | 2|23}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon|Angola}} People’s Republic of Angola | Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola|Communism, Left-wing nationalism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 11|11}} | format=dmy | 5|30}} | 1975 | 11 | 5|30}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic>Armenia | Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union)>Communist Party of Armenia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 12|2}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1920 | 2 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic>Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Armenia (Soviet Union)>Communist Party of Armenia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 3|12}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1922 | 12 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} Federal State of Austria | Flag of the Fatherland Front of Austria.svg}} Fatherland Front|Clerical fascism | format=dmy | 05|01}} | format=dmy | 03|13}} | 1934 | 01 | 03|13}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1921).svg}}{{flagicon image | Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic>Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920)>Azerbaijan Communist Party|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 4|30}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1920 | 30 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic>Transcaucasia | Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920)>Azerbaijan Communist Party|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 3|12}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1922 | 12 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|Mujibism, Bengali nationalism, Socialism | format=dmy | 1|24}} | format=dmy | 8|15}} | 1975 | 24 | 8|15}}|Asia |
|
| {{flag|Bangladesh}} | Jatiya Party (Ershad)>Jatiya Party|Bangladeshi nationalism, Conservatism, Authoritarianism, Militarism | format=dmy | 3|11}} | format=dmy | 12|6}} | 1988 | 11 | 12|6}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Republic of Dahomey>Dahomey|Dahomeyan Democratic Party|African nationalism | {{dts | 1963 | 15}} | format=dmy | 12|4}} | 1963 | 15 | 12|4}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon | 1975}} Benin | Flag of PRPB.svg}} People’s Revolutionary Party of Benin|Communism, Marxism–Leninism (nominally) | format=dmy | 11|30}} | format=dmy | 3|1}} | 1975 | 30 | 3|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | National Partnership flag.png}} National Partnership | Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy>Collaborationism, Nazism | format=dmy | 4|6}} | format=dmy | 5|9}} | 1939 | 6 | 5|9}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Bulgaria (1948-1967).svg}}{{flagicon image | Flag of Bulgaria (1971 – 1990).svg}} Bulgaria | FlagBKP.svg}} Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front)|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 9|15}} | format=dmy | 1|15}} | 1946 | 15 | 1|15}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Burma 1943.svg}} State of Burma | Freedom Bloc>Dobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon>FIRST= | TITLE=BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS. REPORTS AND PAPERS FROM THE FOREIGN OFFICE CONFIDENTIAL PRINT: BURMA, CEYLON, INDIA AND PAKISTAN. VOLUME 7. OCTOBER 1947-DECEMBER 1948 | PUBLISHER=UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA | ISBN=155655768X, | | format=dmy|1943}} | format=dmy|1944}} | 1943 | 1 | 1|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Burma 1943.svg}} State of Burma | | AUTHOR-LINK= | TITLE=BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS. REPORTS AND PAPERS FROM THE FOREIGN OFFICE CONFIDENTIAL PRINT: BURMA, CEYLON, INDIA AND PAKISTAN. VOLUME 7. OCTOBER 1947-DECEMBER 1948 | LOCATION= | PAGE=45, 155655768X, | | format=dmy|1944}} | format=dmy|1945}} | 1944 | 1 | 1|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon | 1974}} Burma | Burma Socialist Programme Party flag.svg}} Burma Socialist Programme Party|Burmese Way to Socialism | format=dmy | 3|2}} | format=dmy | 9|18}} | 1962 | 2 | 9|18}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Burundi.svg}} Republic of Burundi | Flag of the UPRONA.svg}} Union for National Progress|Burundian nationalism, Tutsi interests | format=dmy | 07|11}} | format=dmy | 03|13}} | 1974 | 11 | 03|13}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic>Byelorussia|Communist Party of Byelorussia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 7|31}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1920 | 31 | 12|30}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag | Cambodia (1953–1970)>Sangkum era)|Sangkum | Khmer nationalism, National conservatism, Royalist>Royalism, Statism, Buddhist socialism, Economic nationalism | format=dmy | 3|22}} | format=dmy | 3|18}} | 1955 | 22 | 3|18}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of the State of Cambodia.svg}} Kampuchea | Cambodian People’s Party>Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party | Communism, Socialism, Marxism–Leninism, Revisionism (Marxism)>Revisionism, Left-wing nationalism | format=dmy | 1|7}} | format=dmy | 5|1}} | 1979 | 7 | 5|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Flag of Cameroon.svg}} Republic of Cameroon | Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement#Cameroonian National Union>Cameroonian National Union|Big tent | format=dmy | 09 | | TITLE=THE SEARCH FOR A CAMEROONIAN MODEL OF DEMOCRACY OR THE SEARCH FOR THE DOMINATION OF THE STATE PARTY: 1966-2006 | LAST1=MOKAM | JOURNAL=CADERNOS DE ESTUDOS AFRICANOS | PAGES=85–108, free, | format=dmy | 03|24}} | 1966 | 01 | 03|24}}|Africa |
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| {{flag|Cameroon}}|Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement | Big tent, Nationalism, Francophile>Francophilia|1975|1990 | 1975 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag | 1975}} | Flag of PAIGC.svg}} African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 7|1}} | format=dmy | 1|20}} | 1975 | 1 | 1|20}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag | 1975}} | Flag of PAICV.svg}} African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 1|20}} | format=dmy | 9|28}} | 1981 | 20 | 9|28}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} Carpatho-Ukraine | Ukrainian National Union (1939) | uk | | LAST2=PALINCHAK | LAST3=MARCHUK | LAST4=KONTSUR-KARABINOVYCH | DATE=2020 | URL=HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/30834/1/SENSE_CARPATHIAN%20UKRAINE.PDF | PAGES=21, 22, 24 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230524110528/HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/30834/1/SENSE_CARPATHIAN%20UKRAINE.PDF, 24 May 2023, | NationalismТокар | DATE=2004 | URL=HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.PDF | VOLUME= | PAGES=105–112 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230524111921/HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.PDF, 24 May 2023, | format=dmy | 1 | | DATE=2004 | URL=HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.PDF | VOLUME= | PAGES=106 | ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230524111921/HTTPS://DSPACE.UZHNU.EDU.UA/JSPUI/BITSTREAM/LIB/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.PDF, 24 May 2023, | format=dmy | 3|}} | 1939 | 18 | 3|19}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag|Central African Republic}}|Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa|African nationalism, Anti-colonialism, Progressivism, Anti-imperialism|1962|1980 | 1962 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Central African Republic}}|Central African Democratic Union|African nationalism, Republicanism | format=dmy | 3|1}} | format=dmy | 9|2}} | 1980 | 1 | 9|2}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Central African Republic}}|Central African Democratic Rally|African nationalism, Democratic socialism, Social democracy, Republicanism | format=dmy | 2|6}} | format=dmy | 4|22}}Central African Republic Unions Strike for Democracy 1990-1993 | 1987 | 6 | 4|22}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Chad.svg}} Chad|Chadian Progressive Party|African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | format=dmy | 4|16}} | format=dmy | 4|6}} | 1962 | 16 | 4|6}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Chad}} | Chadian Progressive Party>National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution|African nationalism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-imperialism, African socialism, Federalism | format=dmy | 4|6}} | format=dmy | 4|13}} | 1973 | 6 | 4|13}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Chad}}|National Union for Independence and Revolution|Nationalism | format=dmy | 6|24}} | format=dmy | 12|3}} | 1984 | 24 | 12|3}}|Africa |
|
| Guangzhou|Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism|1927|1927||Asia |
|
| Hunan|Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism|1927|1927||Asia |
|
| Jinggang|Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism|1927|1928 | 1927 | 1 | 1|1}}|Asia |
|
| Southwest Jiangxi|Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism|1930|1931 | 1930 | 1 | 1|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image|National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg}} Chinese Soviet Republic | Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism | format=dmy | 11|7}} | format=dmy | 9|22}} | 1931 | 7 | 9|22}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Xinjiang Province, Republic of China>Xinjiang|People’s Anti-Imperialist Association | People’s Anti-Imperialist Association>Six Great Policies | format=dmy | 8|1}} | format=dmy | 4|1}} | 1935 | 1 | 4|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flag | name=Republic of China}}{{NoteTag | Republic of China (1912–1949)>Republic of China controlled the Mainland China | from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administers Free area of the Republic of China>the Free area. This government served China in the United Nations from 1945 to 1971. See Political status of Taiwan and the One China | for various viewpoints.>name=Zhongguo}}/Taiwan | Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} Kuomintang | Three Principles of the People>Tridemism | format=dmy | 7|1}} | format=dmy | 7|15}} | 1925 | 1 | 7|15}}|Asia |
|
| Yan’an|Chinese Communist Party | Marxism–Leninism, Maoism>Mao Zedong Thought, Chinese communism|1937|1949 | 1937 | 1 | 1|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flag | 1978}}|Comorian Union for Progress|Nationalism|1982|1990 | 1982 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Congo-Brazzaville|1970}} People’s Republic of the Congo|Congolese Party of Labour|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 1|31}} | format=dmy | 3|18}} | 1969 | 31 | 3|18}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Dictatorship of the Tinoco brothers>Tinoquista Costa Rica|Peliquista Party|Nationalism, Personalism, Authoritarianism | format=dmy | 1|27}} | format=dmy | 8|12}} | 1917 | 27 | 8|12}}|North America |
|
| {{flagicon | Czechoslovak Socialist Republic>Czechoslovakia | Flag of the KSC.svg}} Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front)|Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism, Husakism | format=dmy | 2|25}} | format=dmy | 11|30}} | 1948 | 25 | 11|30}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Republic of Dahomey>Dahomey|Dahomeyan Unity Party|African nationalism, Republicanism | format=dmy | 4|11}} | format=dmy | 11|13}} | 1961 | 11 | 11|13}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Free City of Danzig>Danzig | Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg}} Nazi Party|Nazism | format=dmy | 10 | | TITLE=DANZIG | FIRST1=HARRY | DATE=1938 | PAGES=226–228, HEPBURN >FIRST=A. | TITLE=CONTESTED CITIES IN THE MODERN WEST | PUBLISHER=SPRINGER | LANGUAGE=EN, | format=dmy | 9|1}} | 1937 | 21 | 9|1}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag|Djibouti}}|People’s Rally for Progress | Issa (clan)>Issa interests | format=dmy | 10|1}} | format=dmy | 9|4}} | 1981 | 1 | 9|4}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic|Dominican Party | Rafael Trujillo>Trujillism, National conservatism, Right-wing populism, Antihaitianismo | format=dmy | 8|2}} | format=dmy | 12|28}} | 1931 | 2 | 12|28}}|North America |
|
| {{flagicon | variant=1949}} East Germany | Flagge der SED.svg}} Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Democratic Bloc)|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 10|7}} | format=dmy | 3|30}} | 1949 | 7 | 3|30}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon|East Germany}} East Germany | Flagge der SED.svg}} Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front of the German Democratic Republic)|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 3|30}} | format=dmy | 12|1}} | 1950 | 30 | 12|1}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag | 1953}}|Liberation Rally|Egyptian nationalism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism | format=dmy | 2|10}}|1957 | 1953 | 10 | 2|10}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag | 1958}} | National Union (Egypt)>National Union|Nasserism, Pan-Arabism, Socialism|1957|1962 | 1957 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag | 1972}} | Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)>Arab Socialist Union|Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, Pan-Arabism, Nasserism|1961|1976 | 1961 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| Egypt|1972}} | National Democratic Party (Egypt)>National Democratic Party | Egyptian nationalism, Big tent>Big-Tent, Neo-liberalism|1976|2011 | 1976 | 1 | 1|1}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon|El Salvador}} El Salvador | Propatria.png}} National Pro Patria Party | Fascism, Anti-communism, Conservatism, Agrarianism>Agrarian oligarchy|1933|1944 | 1933 | 1 | 1|1}}|Central America |
|
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}|United National Workers’ Party | African nationalism, Personalism, Anti-imperialism, Decolonization>Anti-colonialism, Anti-racism, Pan-Africanism, Anti-intellectualism, Totalitarianism | format=dmy | 7|7}} | format=dmy | 8|25}} | 1970 | 7 | 8|25}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}|Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea|African nationalism, Militarism | format=dmy | 10|11}} | format=dmy | 11|16}} | 1987 | 11 | 11|16}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag | 1993}} | Flag of the EPLF.svg}} Eritrean People’s Liberation Front|Left-wing nationalism|1991 (Provisional government)1993 (Recognized state) | format=dmy | 2|16}} | 1991 | 16 | 2|16}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} Estonia | Patriotic League (Estonia)>Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution)|Estonian nationalism, Personalism | format=dmy | 3|9}} | format=dmy | 7|21}} | 1935 | 9 | 7|21}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic>Estonia|Communist Party of Estonia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 7|21}} | format=dmy | 8|9}} | 1940 | 21 | 8|9}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Derg>Ethiopia|Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 9|12}} | format=dmy | 2|22}} | 1984 | 12 | 2|22}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia>Ethiopia | Workers’ Party of Ethiopia flag (variant).png}} Workers’ Party of Ethiopia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 2|22}} | format=dmy | 4|28}} | 1987 | 22 | 4|28}}|Africa |
|
| {{flag|Gabon}}|Gabonese Democratic Party|Conservatism | format=dmy | 3|12}} | format=dmy | 5|22}} | 1968 | 12 | 5|22}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon image | Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic>Georgia | Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)>Communist Party of Georgia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 2|25}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1921 | 25 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image | Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic>Transcaucasia | Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union)>Communist Party of Georgia|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, democratic centralism, state socialism | format=dmy | 3|12}} | format=dmy | 12|30}} | 1922 | 12 | 12|30}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Nazi Germany | Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg}} National Socialist German Workers’ Party|Nazism | format=dmy | 7|14}} | format=dmy | 5|23}} | 1933 | 14 | 5|23}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagicon image | Reichskommissariat Niederlande>Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories | Flag of National Socialist Movement.svg}} National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands | Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy>Collaborationism, Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism and Nazism | format=dmy | 12|14}} | format=dmy | 5|6}} | 1941 | 14 | 5|6}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag | 1964}}|Convention People’s Party|Nkrumaism, African socialism, African nationalism, Pan-Africanism | format=dmy | 1|31}} | format=dmy | 2|24}} | 1964 | 31 | 2|24}}|Africa |
|
| {{flagicon | People’s Revolutionary Government>Grenada|New Jewel Movement|Communism, Marxism–Leninism | format=dmy | 3|13}} | format=dmy | 10|25}} | 1979 | 13 | 10|25}}|North America |
|
| {{flagicon|Guatemala}} Guatemala | Progressive Liberal Party (Guatemala)>Progressive Liberal Party | Jorge Ubico>Ubicoism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Anti-communism|1931|1944||Central America |
|
| {{flag|Guinea}}|Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally|African nationalism, African socialism, Pan-Africanism|1960|1984||Africa |
|
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}|African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde|Communism, Marxism–Leninism|1974|1991||Africa |
|
| {{flagicon | 1964}} Haiti | Flag of Haiti (1964–1986, civil).svg}} National Unity Party | Black nationalism, Nationalism>Haitian nationalism, Right-wing populism, Anti-communism, Anti-Americanism | format=dmy | 6|14}} | format=dmy | 7|22}} | 1957 | 14 | 7|22}}|North America |
|
| {{flagdeco | Republic of Hawaii>Hawaii | Reform Party (Hawaii)>Reform Party | Americanization>Americanisation, Annexationism | format=dmy | 7|4}} | format=dmy | 8|12}} | 1894 | 4 | 8|12}}|North America |
|
| {{flagicon image | Government of National Unity (Hungary)>Government of National Unity | Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg}} Arrow Cross Party | Arrow Cross Party#Ideology>Hungarism, Fascism, Collaborationism, Agrarianism | format=dmy | 10|16}} | format=dmy | 5|7}} | 1944 | 16 | 5|7}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagd | 1949}}{{flagd | rev}}{{flagd | 1956}} Hungary | Flag of the Hungarian Working People’s Party.svg}} Hungarian Working People’s Party|Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Stalinism | format=dmy | 8|20}} | format=dmy | 10|31}} | 1949 | 20 | 10|31}}|Europe |
|
| {{flagd | rev}}{{flagd | 1956}}{{flagicon image | Hungarian People’s Republic>Hungary|Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party | Communism, Marxism–Leninism, Goulash Communism>Kádárism | format=dmy | 10|31}} | format=dmy | 10|16}} | 1956 | 31 | 10|16}}|Europe |
|
| {{flag|Indonesia}}|Indonesian National Party|Nationalism, Marhaenism | format=dmy | 8|17}} | format=dmy | 11|3}} | 1945 | 17 | 11|3}}|Asia |
|
| {{flagicon | 1964}} Imperial State of Iran|Rastakhiz Party|Monarchism, Populism, Secularism, Democratic centralism, Third Position | format=dmy | 3|2}} | format=dmy | 11|1}} | 1975 | 2 | 11|1}}|Asia |
|
| {{flag|Iran}}|Islamic Republican Party | Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist>Velyât-e Faqih, Anti-imperialism, Iranian nationalism, Shia Islam | Islamism, Abolition of monarchy>Anti-Monarchism, Anti-Americanism, Anti-communism, Anti-Sovietism, Anti-Zionism, Islamic fundamentalism, Homophobia, Anti-Western sentiment|1981|1987||Asia |
