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Volcanic plug
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- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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{{short description|Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano}}{{More citations needed|date=June 2013}}File:Pitonpair.JPG|right|thumb|250px|An aerial view of the Gros Piton and Petit Piton, in St. LuciaSt. LuciaA volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of high gas pressure if rising volatile-charged magma is trapped beneath it, and this can sometimes lead to an explosive eruption. In a plinian eruption the plug is destroyed and ash is ejected.JOURNAL, Huff, W.D., Owen, L.A., 2013, Volcanic Landforms and Hazards,weblink Treatise on Geomorphology, 5, 155, 10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00089-0, 9780080885223, Glacial erosion can lead to exposure of the plug on one side, while a long slope of material remains on the opposite side. Such landforms are called crag and tail. If a plug is preserved, erosion may remove the surrounding rock while the erosion-resistant plug remains, producing a distinctive upstanding landform.- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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Examples of volcanic plugs
File:Rhumsiki Peak.jpg|thumb|Volcanic plug near Rhumsiki, CameroonCameroonAfrica
Near the village of Rhumsiki in the Far North Province of Cameroon, Kapsiki Peak is an example of a volcanic plug and is one of the most photographed parts of the Mandara Mountains. Spectacular volcanic plugs are present in the center of La Gomera island in the Canary Islands archipelago, within the Garajonay National Park.File:Roque Bentayga visto desde Artenara.jpg|thumb|Roque Bentayga from the town of ArtenaraArtenaraEurope
File:Rocher St Michel à Aiguilhe.JPG|thumb|upright|Saint Michel d'Aiguilhe chapel, on top of a volcanic plug in Le Puy-en-VelayLe Puy-en-VelayBorgarvirki is a volcanic plug located in north Iceland.A volcanic plug is situated in the town of Motta Sant'Anastasia in Italy.Saint Michel d'Aiguilhe chapel, whose construction started in 969,{{Base Mérimée|PA00092565|Eglise Saint-Michel}} near Le Puy-en-Velay in France. The volcanic plug rises about {{convert|85|m}} above the surroundings. Another building on a volcanic plug is the 14th century Trosky Castle in the Czech Republic. Strombolicchio, the northernmost of the Aeolian Islands, and Rockall, a small, uninhabited, remote islet in the North Atlantic Ocean, are also volcanic plugs.In the United Kingdom, two examples of a building on a volcanic plug are the Castle Rock in Edinburgh, Scotland, and Deganwy Castle, Wales. The Law, Dundee, Ailsa Craig, Bass Rock, North Berwick Law and Dumgoyne hill are other examples of volcanic plugs located in Scotland. There are over 30 volcanic plugs in Northern Ireland, including Slemish in Ballymena, Tievebulliagh, Scawt Hill, Carrickarede, Scrabo and Slieve Gallion.Wilson, H E et al (1986) Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, HMSONorth America and the Caribbean
There are several volcanic plugs in the United States, including Morro Rock in California, Devils Elbow located in the Heceta Head Lighthouse Scenic State Park on the Oregon coast, Thumb Butte in the Sierra Prieta of Arizona, and Shiprock in New Mexico. Devils Tower in Wyoming and Little Devils Postpile in Yosemite National Park, California, are also believed, by many geologists, to be volcanic plugs. In Canada, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province gives rise to several confirmed and suspected plugs. Chief among these is Castle Rock, located in British Columbia, which last erupted during the Pleistocene. The southern coast of Saint Lucia is dominated by the iconic Pitons, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The twin peaks, Gros Piton and Petit Piton, steeply rise more than {{convert|770|m|ft}} above the Caribbean.South America
Pinnacle Rock, Galápagos, Ecuador.Oceania
There are several volcanic plugs in the North Island of New Zealand, including:- the Pinnacles in the Coromandel Peninsula
- Bream Head in Northland
- Paritutu and the adjacent Sugar Loaf Islands in Taranaki
- St. Paul's Rock at Whangaroa Harbour
- Piha's Lion Rock, which hosted a fortified Maori pa.
- Mount Pohaturoa near the village of Atiamuri, a distinctive sight for travelers along State Highway 1
,weblink
, Geological sites of NSW
, Wollumbin/Mt Warning Shield Volcano
, Cartoscope Pty Limited
, 30 June 2013
, , Geological sites of NSW
, Wollumbin/Mt Warning Shield Volcano
, Cartoscope Pty Limited
, 30 June 2013
Gallery
Edinburgh Castle From Princes Street Garden 001.jpg|Edinburgh Castle in Scotland is built upon an ancient volcanic plug.Mt Popa.jpg|Taung Kalat, Burma.Strombolicchio2.jpg|Strombolicchio Island and its lighthouse, close to Stromboli Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy).RoqueNublo2.jpg|Roque Nublo, symbol of Gran Canaria island.Slemish (8) - geograph.org.uk - 834986.jpg|Slemish, a volcanic plug in Northern Ireland, is traditionally associated with St Patrick.TroskyCastle.JPG|Trosky Castle ("Panna" Tower), Czech Republic.Devils_Tower.jpg|Devils Tower, Wyoming, USA.File:Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg|Shiprock, New Mexico, USA.File:Whangaroa_Harbour3.JPG|St. Paul's Rock, above Whangaroa Harbour, Northland, New Zealand.São Tomé - Pico Cão Grande.jpg|Pico Cão Grande, landmark volcanic plug peak on São Tomé Island (São Tomé and PrÃncipe), rising over {{convert|300|m}} above the surroundings.Dent_de_la_Rancune,_voie_normale.png|Dent de la Rancune, a challenging climbing site in the Chaîne des Puys, France.File:Crater Bluff Warrumbungles.jpg|Crater Bluff in the Warrumbungles, New South Wales{{Commons category|Volcanic plugs}}References
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