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Venice, Los Angeles
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factoids
| subdivision_type1 = StateCalifornia}}County (United States)>CountyLos Angeles County, California>Los Angeles| subdivision_type3 = City| subdivision_name3 = Los Angeles| subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | seat_type = | seat = | parts_type = | parts_style = | parts = | p1 = | p2 = | government_footnotes = | government_type = Los Angeles City Council>City CouncilTraci Park (Democratic Party (United States)>D)California State Senate>State SenateBen Allen (California politician)>Ben Allen (D)California State Assembly>State AssemblyAutumn Burke (Democratic Party (United States)>D)United States House of Representatives>U.S. HouseTed Lieu (Democratic Party (United States)>D)| established_title1 = Founded as an independent city| established_date1 = 1905| established_title2 = Merged with Los Angeles| established_date2 = 1926| area_magnitude = | unit_pref = ImperialACCESS-DATE=APRIL 11, 2010 ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20130619033504/HTTP://PROJECTS.LATIMES.COM/MAPPING-LA/NEIGHBORHOODS/NEIGHBORHOOD/WESTLAKE/, dead, | area_total_sq_mi = 3.1| area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = Pacific Time Zone>PST| utc_offset = -8| timezone_DST = PDT| utc_offset_DST = -7332711833type:city_region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}| postal_code_type = ZIP Codes| postal_code = 90291, 90292Area code 310>310, 424laparks.org/venice}}| footnotes = }}Venice is a neighborhood of the City of Los Angeles within the Westside region of Los Angeles County, California, United States.Venice was founded by Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a seaside resort town. It was an independent city until 1926, when it was annexed by Los Angeles. Venice is known for its canals, a beach, and Ocean Front Walk, a {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0|adj=on}} pedestrian promenade that features performers, fortune-tellers, and vendors.

History

19th century

In 1839, a region called La Ballona that included the southern parts of Venice, was granted by the Mexican government to Ygnacio and Augustin Machado and Felipe and Tomas Talamantes, giving them title to Rancho La Ballona.diseno Rancho La BallonaWEB,prd-tnm.s3.amazonaws.com/StagedProducts/Maps/HistoricalTopo/GeoTIFF/CA/CA_Redondo_298753_1896_62500_geo.tif, Redondo, 1896, USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer, WEB,digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060, Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County, June 29, 2014, July 27, 2016,digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060," title="web.archive.org/web/20160727105850digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060,">web.archive.org/web/20160727105850digarc.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/view/search/CHS-13060, dead, Later this became part of Port Ballona.

Founding

File:Venice Pavilion and Ship Cafe, ca.1905-1913 (CHS-2776).jpg|right|thumb|Venice Pavilion and Ship Cafe, c. 1905–1913]](File:Venice-CA-1913-winwardave.jpg|thumb|right|Windward Avenue, 1913)Venice, originally called “Venice of America”, was founded by wealthy developer Abbot Kinney in 1905 as a beach resort town, {{convert|14|mi|km}} west of Los Angeles. He and his partner Francis Ryan had bought {{convert|2|mi|0}} of ocean-front property south of Santa Monica in 1891. They built a resort town on the north end of the property, called Ocean Park, which was soon annexed to Santa Monica. After Ryan died, Kinney and his new partners continued building south of Navy Street. After the partnership dissolved in 1904, Kinney, who had won the marshy land on the south end of the property in a coin flip with his former partners, began to build a seaside resort like the namesake Italian city.BOOK, Elayne Alexander, Bryan L. Mercer, Venice,books.google.com/books?id=sSPkrmbplagC, January 9, 2013, February 2, 2009, Arcadia Publishing, 978-0-7385-6966-6, {{rp|8}}When Venice of America opened on July 4, 1905, Kinney had dug several miles of canals to drain the marshes for his residential area, built a {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} pier with an auditorium, ship restaurant, and dance hall, constructed a hot salt-water plunge, and built a block-long arcaded business street with Venetian architecture. Kinney hired artist Felix Peano to design the columns of the buildings.{{r|alexander|p=22|q=Metal sculptor Felix Peano designed the columns and statues.}} Included in the capitals are several faces, modeled after Kinney and a woman named Nettie Bouck.WEB,www.atlasobscura.com/places/peano-faces-venice-beach, Peano’s Faces of Venice Beach – Los Angeles, California, Atlas Obscura, April 17, 2018, NEWS,www.betsysellsvenice.com/venice-vanguard-newsletter-september-2005/, Venice Vanguard Newsletter, September 2005, Betsy Sells Venice, April 17, 2018, Betsysellsvenice.com, These cast iron sculptures were done by Felix Peano, an Italian sculptor whose work achieved more than a modest degree of fame at the turn of the century. Peano was an intimate friend of Jack London and was well known in the San Francisco Bay area. He was employed by Abbot Kinney to add his embelishments to the dream called Venice of America. The faces on the columns are classical in style, easily traceable to the influence of ancient Rome. Yet Peano did not go all the way back in time for his inspiration. He found it in a young girl of 17 who was living on the ocean front in 1904, watching Venice grow around her. “It was almost an embarrassing moment,” explains Nettie Bouck. “Felix Peano was at our house, actually at that time it was the house of my future father-in-law, Mr. Bouck. I don´t know why. He just all of a sudden reached out and grabbed me. He was an Italian gentleman and very, very emotional. And he held my face, my hands, put his hands on my face and looked at it.” Peano insisted that he would use those features in the work he was doing for Mr. Kinney. They showed up as the female face atop the Windward Avenue pillars. “Well, it was not a likeness of me, but the face, the contours of my face, gave him the idea to use it for the heads on the columns. There was really no big story or history about it,” insists Mrs. Bouck, “except that he got a little bit over-enthusiastic I guess.”, April 18, 2018,www.betsysellsvenice.com/venice-vanguard-newsletter-september-2005/," title="web.archive.org/web/20180418031911www.betsysellsvenice.com/venice-vanguard-newsletter-september-2005/,">web.archive.org/web/20180418031911www.betsysellsvenice.com/venice-vanguard-newsletter-september-2005/, dead, (File:Fire works display over the lake at Venice ca1915.jpg|thumb|Fireworks display over the lake at the old Venice Amusement Park around 1915)Tourists, mostly arriving on the “Red Cars” of the Pacific Electric Railway from Los Angeles and Santa Monica, then rode the Venice Miniature Railway and gondolas to tour the town.BOOK, Crump, S., Ride the Big Red Cars: How Trolleys Helped Build Southern California, Crest Publications, Gerald E. Brookins Collection, 1962,books.google.com/books?id=bPQ6AAAAMAAJ, April 24, 2023, The biggest attraction was Venice’s {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} gently-sloping beach.BOOK, Alexander, E., Mercer, B.L., Venice, Arcadia Pub., Postcard History Series, 2009, 978-0-7385-6966-6,books.google.com/books?id=sSPkrmbplagC&pg=PA58, April 24, 2023, 58, Cottages and housekeeping tents were available for rent.WEB, Canal scene at Venice of America,www.jstor.org/stable/community.31084075, Jstor, April 24, 2023, BOOK, Alexander, E., Mercer, B.L., Venice, Arcadia Pub., Postcard History Series, 2009, 978-0-7385-6966-6,books.google.com/books?id=sSPkrmbplagC&pg=PA32, April 24, 2023, 32, The population (3,119 residents in 1910) soon exceeded 10,000; the town drew 50,000 to 150,000 tourists on weekends.JOURNAL, Rogers, Sam, Steuart, W.M, 1921, State Compendium California,www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/06229686v1-7ch04.pdf, Department of Commerce, 14, 196, {{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Amusement pier

File:1917.07.19 Venice Vanguard.jpg|thumb|Special edition of the Venice Daily Vanguard, dated July 19, 1913. A female figure labeled “Prosperity” is gesturing toward the Venice Amusement Pier at bottom left.]](File:Several people stroll by the Dance Hall on the Amusement Pier at Venice Beach, ca.1900-1920.jpg|thumb|right|People strolling by the dance hall on the amusement pier, {{circa}} 1900–1920)(File:Crowds outside at the Venice Beach Amusement Park in Venice, between Seventeenth Street and Thirty-fourth Street along the ocean front, ca.1900-1920 (examiner-m3800).jpg|thumb|right|Crowds between 17th and 34th streets, with roller coaster in background, {{circa}} 1900–1920) For the amusement of the public, Kinney hired aviators to do aerial stunts over the beach. One of them, movie aviator and Venice airport owner B. H. DeLay, implemented the first lighted airport in the United States on DeLay Field (previously known as Ince Field). After a marine rescue attempt was thwarted, he organized the first aerial police force in the nation. DeLay performed many of the world’s first aerial stunts for motion pictures in Venice.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}Attractions on the Kinney Pier became more amusement-oriented by 1910, when a Venice Miniature Railway, Aquarium, Virginia Reel, Whip, Racing Derby, and other rides and game booths were added. Since the business district was allotted only three one-block-long streets, and the City Hall was more than a mile away, other competing business districts developed. Unfortunately, this created a fractious political climate. Kinney, however, governed with an iron hand and kept things in check. When he died in November 1920, Venice became harder to govern. With the amusement pier burning six weeks later in December 1920, and Prohibition (which had begun the previous January), the town’s tax revenue was severely affected.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}The Kinney family rebuilt their amusement pier quickly to compete with Ocean Park’s Pickering Pleasure Pier and the new Sunset Pier. When it opened it had two roller coasters, a new Racing Derby, a Noah’s Ark, a Mill Chutes, and many other rides. By 1925, with the addition of a third coaster, a tall Dragon Slide, Fun House, and Flying Circus aerial ride, it was the finest amusement pier on the West Coast. Several hundred thousand tourists visited on weekends. In 1923, Charles Lick built the Lick Pier at Navy Street in Venice, adjacent to the Ocean Park Pier at Pier Avenue in Ocean Park. Another pier was planned for Venice in 1925 at Leona Street (now Washington Street).

Politics

By 1925, Venice’s politics had become unmanageable because its roads, water and sewage systems badly needed repair and expansion to keep up with its growing population. When it was proposed that Venice consolidate with Los Angeles, the board of trustees voted to hold an election. Consolidation was approved at the election in November 1925, and Venice was merged with Los Angeles in 1926.{{rp|8}}Many streets were paved in 1929, following a three-year court battle led by canal residents. Afterward, the Department of Recreation and Parks intended to close three amusement piers, but had to wait until the first of the tidelands leases expired in 1946.WEB,www.westland.net/venicehistory/articles/myths.htm, Debunking Venice’s Historic Myths, VENICE HISTORY SITE, Jeffrey, Stanton, April 22, 2019,

Oil

In 1929, oil was discovered south of Washington Street on the Venice Peninsula, now known as the Marina Peninsula neighborhood of Los Angeles. Within two years, 450 oil wells covered the area, and drilling waste clogged the remaining waterways. The short-lived boom provided needed income to the community, which otherwise suffered during the Great Depression. Most of the wells had been capped by the 1970s, and the last wells, near the Venice Pavilion, were capped in 1991.WEB,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-10-29-me-569-story.html, With Oil Wells Capped, Venice Beach Looks to Cleanup, Doherty, Shawn, October 29, 1991, Los Angeles Times, October 22, 2019,

Neglect

After annexation, the city of Los Angeles showed little interest in maintaining the unusual neighborhood. Most of the canals were filled in and paved over, and the former lagoon became a traffic circle. The neighborhood lacked the automobile-centric, homogeneous character that the city sought to cultivate in the post-World War II era, and was perceived as a dated, obsolete remnant of earlier decades’ land speculation.WEB, March 3, 1939, FHA Area Description of South Venice,dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=13/33.984/-118.454&city=los-angeles-ca&area=D26&adview=full&adimage=3/76.08/-148.184, Mapping Inequality, Los Angeles had neglected Venice so long that, by the 1950s the neglect had led to the area being labeled the “Slum by the Sea”. With the exception of new police and fire stations in 1930, the city spent little on improvements after annexation. The city did not pave Trolleyway (Pacific Avenue) until 1954 when county and state funds became available. Low rents for run-down bungalows attracted predominantly European immigrants (including a substantial number of Holocaust survivors) and young counterculture artists, poets, and writers. The Beat Generation hung out at the Gas House on Ocean Front Walk and at Venice West Cafe on Dudley.

Past gang activity

The Venice Shoreline Crips and the Latino Venice 13 (V-13) were the two main gangs active in Venice. V13 dates back to the 1950s, while the Shoreline Crips were founded in the early 1970s, making them one of the first Crip sets in Los Angeles.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} In the early 1990s, V-13 and the Shoreline Crips were involved in a fierce battle over crack cocaine sales territories.JOURNAL, The Los Angeles Coast as a Public Place, Geographical Review, 95, 4, October 2005, 578–593, 30034261, 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2005.tb00382.x, Davidson, Ronald A., Entrikin, J. Nicholas, 2005GeoRv..95..578D, 10211.2/1731, 159996450, free, By 2002, the numbers of gang members in Venice were reduced due to gentrification and increased police presence. According to a Los Angeles City Beat article, by 2003, many Los Angeles Westside gang members had resettled in the city of Inglewood.WEB, Romero, Dennis, Gangster’s Paradise Lost, Los Angeles City Beat, November 6, 2003,www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=362&IssueNum=22, February 15, 2008,www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=362&IssueNum=22," title="web.archive.org/web/20071224175403www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=362&IssueNum=22,">web.archive.org/web/20071224175403www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=362&IssueNum=22, December 24, 2007,

Housing and homelessness

Venice Beach is one of the most difficult places in the United States to build new housing due to stringent zoning regulations.NEWS, Kusisto, Laura, July 16, 2017, Venice Beach Is a Hot Place to Live, So Why Is Its Housing Supply Shrinking?, en-US, Wall Street Journal,www.wsj.com/articles/venice-beach-is-a-hot-place-to-live-so-why-is-its-housing-supply-shrinking-1500206400, August 29, 2022, 0099-9660, Between 2007 and 2022, the number of available housing units actually decreased, despite a massive increase in property values and construction activity over the same period. The neighborhood was developed early in the history of Los Angeles, and as such much of the housing stock predates the current system of zoning regulations by decades. In the areas along Pacific avenue, many early 1900’s multifamily buildings still exist, some housing as many as 30 units on a single lot with no parking. Current regulations mandate lower housing densities (most commonly 1 unit per 1,500 square feet of lot area)planning.lacity.org/odocument/eadcb225-a16b-4ce6-bc94-c915408c2b04/Zoning_Code_Summary.pdfAs per a 2020 count, there were nearly 2,000 homeless people in Venice,WEB, May 25, 2021, Venice described as ‘constant emergency zone’ as calls grow for action to address homelessness crisis,ktla.com/news/local-news/constant-emergency-zone-calls-for-change-mount-as-homeless-encampment-fills-venice-boardwalk-crime-increases/, June 8, 2021, KTLA, en-US, up from 175 in 2014. Many of them take up residence in tents and tent cities.NEWS, Johnson, Scott, Kiefer, Peter, January 11, 2019, LA’s Battle for Venice Beach: Homeless Surge Puts Hollywood’s Progressive Ideals to the Test,www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/las-homeless-surge-puts-hollywoods-progressive-ideals-test-1174599/, May 15, 2021, The Hollywood Reporter, en-US, An LAPD official said that the increased homeless population has contributed to a spike in crimes in Venice in 2021. In February 2020, the city opened a 154-bed transitional housing shelter at a former Metro bus yard.WEB, Cheney, Alex, February 26, 2020, Venice temporary homeless shelter opens with 154 beds, some dedicated to youth living on streets,abc7.com/5966997/, June 8, 2021, ABC7 Los Angeles, en,

Geography

File:Marina Del Rey Looking South.jpg|thumb|right| Aerial view of Marina del Rey, Playa del Rey, Playa Vista, Venice Beach and Los Angeles International AirportLos Angeles International AirportVenice is bounded on the northwest by the Santa Monica city line. The northern apex of the Venice neighborhood is at Walgrove Avenue and Rose Avenue, abutting the Santa Monica Airport. On the east, the boundary runs north–south on Walgrove Avenue to the neighborhood’s eastern apex at Zanja Street, thus including the Penmar Golf Course but excluding Venice High School. The boundary runs on Lincoln Boulevard to Admiralty Way, excluding all of Marina del Rey, south to Ballona Creek.“Venice”, Mapping L.A., Los Angeles TimesThe Thomas Guide: Los Angeles County, 2004, pages 671, 672 and 702

Cityscape

Venice Canal Historic District

(File:Highsmithvenicecanals.jpg|thumb|Carroll Canal)

Abbot Kinney Boulevard

Abbott Kinney Boulevard is a principal attraction, with stores, restaurants, bars and art galleries lining the street. The street was described as “a derelict strip of rundown beach cottages and empty brick industrial buildings called West Washington Boulevard,“Janelle Brown (November 20, 2005), Venice, Calif., Is Turning Into Sunrise Boulevard The New York Times and in the late 1980s community groups and property owners pushed for renaming a portion of the street to honor Abbot Kinney.Nancy Hill-Holtzman (August 10, 1989), Plan for Kinney Boulevard in Venice Runs Into Pothole Los Angeles Times.Nancy Hill-Holtzman (February 25, 1990), Part of Washington Blvd. to Be Renamed Los Angeles Times. The renaming was widely considered as a marketing strategy to commercialize the area and bring new high-end businesses to the area.Departures: Venice – Chapter 5: Abbot Kinney Boulevard {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303231004www.kcet.org/socal/departures/venice/abbot-kinney-boulevard/ |date=March 3, 2013}} KCET.Groves, Martha (October 25, 2013) “Abbot Kinney Boulevard’s renaissance a mixed blessing” Los Angeles Times

72 Market Street Oyster Bar and Grill

72 Market Street Oyster Bar and Grill was one of several historical footnotes associated with Market Street in Venice, one of the first streets designated for commerce when the city was founded in 1905. During the depression era, Upton Sinclair had an office there when he was running for governor, and the same historic building where the restaurant was located was also the site of the first Ace/Venice Gallery in the early 1970s.NEWS,www.laweekly.com/2003-10-16/news/the-ace-is-wild/3/, The Ace is Wild: The Doug Chrismas Story, LA Weekly, October 9, 2003, January 26, 2012, McKenna, Kristine, October 26, 2012,www.laweekly.com/2003-10-16/news/the-ace-is-wild/3/," title="web.archive.org/web/20121026115912www.laweekly.com/2003-10-16/news/the-ace-is-wild/3/,">web.archive.org/web/20121026115912www.laweekly.com/2003-10-16/news/the-ace-is-wild/3/, dead,

Historic post office

(File:Abbot Kinney.jpg|thumb|Post office mural)The Venice Post Office, a red-tile-roofed 1939 New Deal building designed by Louis A. SimonVenice Post Office Los Angeles Conservancy Retrieved April 24, 2014 on Windward Circle, featured one of two remaining murals painted in 1941 by Modernist artist Edward Biberman. Developer Abbot Kinney is in the centerTobar, Hector (November 11, 2011), There’s a special stamp on the Venice post office Los Angeles Times. surrounded by beachgoers in old-fashioned bathing suits, men in overalls, and a wooden roller coaster representing the Venice Pier on one side with contrasting industrial oil derricks that were once ubiquitous in the area on the other side.Groves, Martha (January 7, 2010), Producer Joel Silver buys former U.S. post office in Venice Los Angeles Times. Senior curator of American Art at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Ilene Susan Fort, said this is one of the better New Deal post office murals both artistically and historically. Although it contains brightly colored elements with amusing details, the intrusion of the ominous oil rigs and wells was very relevant at the time.Vankin, Deborah, (June 17, 2014) “Restored ‘Abbot Kinney’ mural anchors exhibit on Venice history” Los Angeles Times; accessed February 7, 2022.After the post office closed in 2012, movie producer Joel Silver unveiled plans to purchase it for 7.5 million and revamp the building as the new headquarters of his company, Silver Pictures.Groves, Martha (October 11, 2012), Joel Silver to put his stamp on Venice Post Office Los Angeles Times The sale included the stipulation that he, or any future owner, preserve the New Deal-era murals and allow public access.Hiatt, Anna (January 20, 2014) “Congress wants delay in selling of historic post offices until federal report is completed” The Washington Post Restoration of the nearly pristine mural took over a year and cost about $100,000. LACMA highlighted the mural with an exhibit that displayed additional Biberman artworks, rare historical documents and Venice ephemera with the restored mural. Silver has a long-term lease on the mural that is still owned by the US Postal Service. In May 2019, according to the Hollywood Reporter, Silver sold the building for 22.5 million to U.K. investor Alex Dellal and his real estate group founded by Jack Dellal.MAGAZINE, July 23, 2019, L.A.’s Iconic Venice Post Office Falls Into Limbo Again After Joel Silver Sale,www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/iconic-venice-post-office-falls-limbo-again-joel-silver-sale-1225227, The Hollywood Reporter, Status of the planned renovation remains subject to further approvals. The mural’s whereabouts are unknown,WEB,freevenicebeachhead.org/2016/06/12/judge-garland-stumbles-over-the-venice-post-office/, Judge Garland Stumbles Over The Venice Post Office, freevenicebeachhead, June 12, 2016, Free Venice Beachhead, June 18, 2016,web.archive.org/web/20160613145326/https://freevenicebeachhead.org/2016/06/12/judge-garland-stumbles-over-the-venice-post-office/, June 13, 2016, dead, putting the lessee in violation of the lease agreement’s public access requirement.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Residences and streets

Many of Venice’s houses have their principal entries from pedestrian-only streets and have house numbers on these footpaths. (Automobile access is by alleys in the rear.) The inland walk streets are made up primarily of around 620 single-family homes.Leah Ziskin (August 12, 2007), It’s purely pedestrian Los Angeles Times. Like much of the rest of Los Angeles, however, Venice is known for traffic congestion. It lies {{convert|2|mi|km}} away from the nearest freeway, and its unusually dense network of narrow streets was not planned for modern traffic.

Venice Beach

File:VeniceBeachStreetballers.jpg|thumb|StreetballStreetballFile:Venice Beach Skatepark P4070293.jpg|thumb|Venice Beach SkateparkVenice Beach SkateparkFile:VSCOcam (24218805142).jpg|thumb|Venice Fishing PierVenice Fishing Pier(File:Venice,_Los_Angeles,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(9).jpg|alt=View of mural seen over small store front businesses. Mural has a woman whose thoughts appear as text in a cloud saying “History is myth.“|thumb|Samesun youth hostel from Ocean Front Walk)Venice Beach, which receives millions of visitors a year, has been labeled as “a cultural hub known for its eccentricities” as well as a “global tourist destination”.Ari Bloomekatz and Abby Sewell, “Car Plows Through Crowd on Venice Boardwalk, Killing One”, Los Angeles Times, August 3, 2013David Zahniser and Matt Stevens, “L.A. City Council Calls for Boardwalk Barriers in Venice”, Los Angeles Times, August 6, 2013 It includes the promenade that runs parallel to the beach, the Venice Beach Boardwalk, Muscle Beach, and the Venice Beach Recreation Center with handball courts, paddle tennis courts, a skate dancing plaza, and numerous beach volleyball courts. It also includes a bike trail and many businesses on Ocean Front Walk.WEB,www.venicebeach.com/the-venice-beach-boardwalk/, The Venice Beach Boardwalk, venice1, Venice Beach, March 18, 2019,www.venicebeach.com/the-venice-beach-boardwalk/," title="web.archive.org/web/20190321050225www.venicebeach.com/the-venice-beach-boardwalk/,">web.archive.org/web/20190321050225www.venicebeach.com/the-venice-beach-boardwalk/, March 21, 2019, dead, The basketball courts in Venice are renowned across the country for their high level of streetball; numerous professional basketball players developed their games or have been recruited on these courts.WEB,www.courtsoftheworld.com/united-states/los-angeles-ca/venice-beach/, Court profile of Venice Beach basketball court, courtsoftheworld.com, Venice Beach will host skateboarding and 3x3 basketball during the 2028 Summer Olympics.WEB, Stage 2 Governance, legal and venue funding,la24-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/pdf/LA2024-canditature-part2_english.pdf, Along the southern portion of the beach, at the end of Washington Boulevard, is the Venice Fishing Pier. A {{convert|1310|ft|m|adj=on}} concrete structure, it first opened in 1964, was closed in 1983 due to El Niño storm damage, and re-opened in the mid-1990s. On December 21, 2005, the pier again suffered damage when waves from a large northern swell caused part of it to fall into the ocean.NEWS,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-feb-16-me-venicepier16-story.html, Venice Pier’s Future Still Awash in Doubt, February 16, 2006, Los Angeles Times, April 4, 2019, 0458-3035, The pier remained closed until May 25, 2006, when it was re-opened after an engineering study concluded that it was structurally sound.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}The Venice Breakwater is an acclaimed local surf spot in Venice. It is located north of the Venice Pier and lifeguard headquarters and south of the Santa Monica Pier. This spot is sheltered on the north by an artificial barrier, the breakwater, consisting of an extending sand bar, piping, and large rocks at its end.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}In late 2010, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors conducted a $1.6 million replacement of 30,000 cubic yards of sand at Venice Beach eroded by rainstorms in recent years. Although Venice Beach is located in the city of Los Angeles, the county is responsible for maintaining the beach under an agreement reached between the two governments in 1975.Rong-Gong Lin II (October 12, 2010), $1.6-million county project approved to replace sand on Venice Beach Los Angeles Times.

Oakwood

Oakwood lies inland from the tourist areas and is one of the few historically African-American areas in West Los Angeles.

East of Lincoln

East of LincolnWEB, Venice Neighborhoods,www.venicenc.org/neighborhood-committee.php, Venice Neighborhood Council, January 9, 2021, is separated from Oakwood by Lincoln Boulevard. It extends east to the border with Mar Vista. Aside from the commercial strip on Lincoln (including the Venice Boys and Girls Club and the Venice United Methodist Church), the area almost entirely consists of small homes and apartments as well as Penmar Park and (bordering Santa Monica) Penmar Golf Course.A housing project, Lincoln Place Apartment Homes, built by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles, is currently undergoing a $140 million renovation to add 99 new market-rate apartment homes and to update the remaining 696 existing homes. A new pool, two-story fitness center, resident park and sustainable landscaping are being added.weblink multifamilybiz.com Aimco, which acquired the property in 2003, had previously been in a legal battle to determine whether or not Lincoln Place could be demolished and rebuilt. In 2010, Aimco settled with tenants and agreed to reopen the project and return scores of evicted residents to their homes and add hundreds of units to the Venice area.NEWS,articles.latimes.com/2010/may/26/local/la-me-0526-lincoln-place-20100526, Los Angeles, developer reach deal to preserve Venice’s landmark Lincoln Place apartments, Groves, Martha, May 26, 2010, Los Angeles Times, January 14, 2014,

Venice Walk Streets

The Venice Walk Streets are three pedestrian-only residential streets. The streets are Marco Place, Amoroso Place and Nowita Place, located west of Lincoln Boulevard and east of Shell Avenue.Los Angeles recognizes a larger North Venice Walk Streets Historic District.WEB, Report – HPLA,historicplacesla.org/reports/acbaf607-c78b-4984-b97a-400462b4c05f, June 25, 2022, historicplacesla.org, “The walk streets, narrower than regular streets, are too small for regulation street sweepers,” so the streets had a designated smaller-size street sweeper.“Sweeper Rolls Again on Venice Streets”, Los Angeles Times, December 3, 1989.

Subsections

According to the Venice Neighborhood Council,WEB, Venice Neighborhood Council MAP,www.venicenc.org/ncfiles/viewPageFile/2857, the area can be subdivided further into the following districts:
  • Ballona Lagoon West Bank
  • Ballona Lagoon (Grand Canal) East Bank
  • Silver Strand
  • Marina Peninsula
  • Venice Canals
  • North Venice
  • Oakwood-Milwood-South Venice
  • Oxford Triangle

Climate

(File:Venice Beach - panoramio - tonyfurrer.jpg|thumb|Venice Beach)Like much of the rest of coastal southern California, Venice has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate,Venice Beach climate info with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Temperatures are moderate all year, and the neighborhood boasts over 300 sunshine days per year. As a result of seasonal lag, fall is usually warmer than spring in Venice. Because of its coastal location, morning fog is a common phenomenon in May and June, but occasionally July and August, as well. Los Angeles residents have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: the “May Gray”, the “June Gloom”, “No-Sky July” and “Fogust”; during these events, the fog will usually burn off by noon, but the fog may also linger all day. The all-time record high of 110 Â°F (43 Â°C) was observed on September 27, 2010, while the all-time record low is 32 Â°F (0 Â°C), recorded on January 14, 2007.Los Angeles, CA Weather History Venice is in USDA plant hardiness zone 10b, closely bordering on 11a.WEB,www.plantmaps.com/90291, Zipcode 90291 – Venice, California Hardiness Zones, {{Weather box|location = Venice, Los Angeles|single line = Y|Jan high F = 64.6|Feb high F = 64.8|Mar high F = 65.2|Apr high F = 66.6|May high F = 68.2|Jun high F = 70.7|Jul high F = 74.2|Aug high F = 75.0|Sep high F = 74.4|Oct high F = 72.2|Nov high F = 68.4|Dec high F = 64.5|year high F= 69.1|Jan record high F = 91|Feb record high F = 90|Mar record high F = 94|Apr record high F = 100|May record high F = 101|Jun record high F = 103|Jul record high F = 107|Aug record high F = 103|Sep record high F = 110|Oct record high F = 101|Nov record high F = 97|Dec record high F = 86|year record high F= 110|Jan low F = 49.1|Feb low F = 49.5|Mar low F = 51.3|Apr low F = 53.2|May low F = 56.6|Jun low F = 59.9|Jul low F = 62.7|Aug low F = 63.0|Sep low F = 61.9|Oct low F = 58.2|Nov low F = 52.5|Dec low F = 48.4|year low F= 55.5|Jan record low F = 32|Feb record low F = 38|Mar record low F = 39|Apr record low F = 42|May record low F = 48|Jun record low F = 51|Jul record low F = 56|Aug record low F = 54|Sep record low F = 51|Oct record low F = 47|Nov record low F = 38|Dec record low F = 35|year record low F= 32|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation inch = 3.21|Feb precipitation inch = 3.47|Mar precipitation inch = 2.70|Apr precipitation inch = 0.59|May precipitation inch = 0.27|Jun precipitation inch = 0.04|Jul precipitation inch = 0.02|Aug precipitation inch = 0.13|Sep precipitation inch = 0.16|Oct precipitation inch = 0.36|Nov precipitation inch = 1.04|Dec precipitation inch = 1.89|year precipitation inch= 13.89WEBSITE=WWW.MSN.COMWEBSITE=WWW.BESTPLACES.NET, February 12, 2022, }}

Demographics

{{update | section | date=January 2020}}The 2000 U.S. census counted 37,705 residents in the 3.17-square-mile Venice neighborhood—an average of 11,891 people per square mile, about the norm for Los Angeles; in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 40,885. The median age for residents was 35, considered the average for Los Angeles; the percentages of residents aged 19 through 49 were among the county’s highest.The ethnic breakdown was 64.2% Non-Hispanic White, 21.7% Latino (of any racial origin); 5.4% African American; 4.1% Asian, and 4.6% of other origins. About 22.3% of residents had been born abroad, a relatively low figure for Los Angeles; Mexico (38.4%) and the United Kingdom (8.5%) were their most common places of birth.Forty-nine percent of Venice residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high figure for both the city and the county. The percentages of residents of that age with a bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree was considered high for the county.The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $67,647, a high figure for Los Angeles. The percentage of households earning $125,000 was considered high for the city. The average household size of 1.9 people was low for both the city and the county. Renters occupied 68.8% of the housing stock and house- or apartment owners held 31.2%. Property values have been increasing lately due to the presence of technology companies such as Google Inc. (which in 2011 began leasing 100,000 square feet of space in Venice) and Snap Inc. (which formerly leased property on Market Street and Abbot Kinney).Donna Kardos Yesalavich (April 1, 2014), Cut! Actress Anjelica Huston Finds a Buyer The Wall Street Journal.The percentages of never-married men (51.3%), never-married women (40.6%), divorced men (11.3%) and divorced women (15.9%) were among the county’s highest. The percentage of veterans who had served during the Vietnam War was among the county’s highest.

Arts and culture

(File:Filiferabeach.JPG|thumb|Palm trees along the Venice Boardwalk)Venice has been known as a preferred location for creative artists.NEWS,www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-snapchat-real-estate-20150331-story.html, Is Snapchat’s rapid growth changing Venice’s funky vibe?, Los Angeles Times, March 31, 2015, Paresh, Dave, In the 1950s and 1960s, Venice became a center for the Beat generation and there was an explosion of poetry and art, which continues today.WEB,www.virtualvenice.info/poets/index.htm, Venice Poets, Major writers and artists throughout the decades have included Stuart Perkoff, John Thomas, Frank T. Rios, Tony Scibella, Lawrence Lipton, John Haag, Saul White, Millicent Borges Accardi Robert Farrington, Philomene Long, and Tom Sewell.BOOK, Venice West: The Beat Generation in Southern California, Maynard, John Arthur, Rutgers University Press, 1993, 978-0-8135-1965-4,books.google.com/books?id=aGOVgiSR7oEC,

Architecture

Originally established as a planned city imitating Venice, Italy, Venice is home to a large number of early 1900s buildings built in to emulate Italian Renaissance architecture. Particularly along Windward Avenue, where an arched arcade covers the sidewalks on portions of both sides of the street. Similar buildings originally formed a continuous arcade from the boardwalk to the former lagoon (now the Windward traffic circle) but these were condemned by the City of Los Angeles after annexation. Only through the efforts of local preservationists were the few buildings that remain able to be preserved, although many were substantially modified.File:052607-006-Chiat-Day.jpg|thumb|right|The public sculpture Giant Binoculars by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen fronts what is popularly called the Binoculars Building (originally Chiat/Day Building, designed by architect Frank GehryFrank GehryDesigners Charles and Ray Eames had their offices at the Bay Cities Garage on Abbot Kinney Boulevard from 1943 on, when it was still part of Washington Boulevard; Eames products were also manufactured there until the 1950s.Roger Vincent (July 15, 2012), Former Eames furniture design headquarters sold in Venice Los Angeles Times. The brick building’s interior was redesigned by Frank Israel in 1990 as a creative workspace, opening up the interior and creating sightlines all the way through the building.Eve Bachrach (May 3, 2013), Touring 3 of Venice’s Modern Arch Gems of the ‘70s and ‘80s Curbed LA.Originally located at the Venice home of Pritzker Prize–winning architect and SCI-Arc founder Thom Mayne, the Architecture Gallery was in existence for just ten weeks in 1979 and featured new work by then-emerging architects Frank Gehry, Eric Owen Moss, and Morphosis.A Confederacy of Heretics: The Architecture Gallery, Venice, 1979; Southern California Institute of Architecture, Los Angeles; March 29 – July 7, 2013 Graham Foundation, Chicago. Constructed on a long, narrow lot in 1981, the Indiana Avenue Houses/Arnoldi Triplex was designed Frank Gehry in partnership with artists Laddie John Dill and Charles Arnoldi. Frank Gehry has designed several well-known houses in Venice, including the Jane Spiller House (completed 1979) and the Norton House (completed 1984) on Venice Beach.Mildred Friedman (2009) “Frank Gehry The Houses”, Rozzoli, New York In 1994, sculptor Robert Graham designed a fortress-like art studio and residence for himself and his wife, actress Anjelica Huston, on Windward Avenue.Lauren Beale (March 7, 2012), Venice live/work space of Anjelica Huston, Robert Graham for sale Los Angeles Times.

Art

In the 1970s, performance artist Chris Burden created some of his early, groundbreaking work in Venice. Other notable artists who maintained studios in the area include Charles Arnoldi, Jean-Michel Basquiat,Fred Hoffman (March 13, 2005), Basquiat’s L.A. Los Angeles Times. John Baldessari, Larry Bell, Billy Al Bengston, James Georgopoulos, Dennis Hopper, and Ed Ruscha.Edward Wyatt (August 11, 2008), Economic Realities Press on Artists’ Outdoor Eden The New York Times. Organized by the Hammer Museum over the course of one weekend in 2012,The Venice Beach Biennial {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925064245hammer.ucla.edu/programs/detail/program_id/1261 |date=September 25, 2012}} Hammer Museum, Los Angeles. the open-air Venice Beach Biennial (in reference to the Venice Biennale in Italy) brought together 87 artists, including site-specific projects by established artists like Evan Holloway, Barbara Kruger as well as boardwalk veteran Arthure Moore.Jori Finkel (July 11, 2012), Venice Beach gets a breezy Biennial on the boardwalk Los Angeles Times. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Venice Beach boardwalk became a mecca for street performances, turning it into a popular tourist attraction. Chainsaw jugglers, break dancers, acrobats and comics like Michael Colyar could be seen on a daily basis. Many performers like the Jim Rose Circus got their start on the boardwalk.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Venice Boardwalk murals

Venice Beach boardwalk murals include:
  • Venice Kinesis (2010) by Rip Cronk [a revision of earlier Venice Reconstituted (1989)]
  • Homage to a Starry Knight (1990) by Rip Cronk
  • Endangered Species (1990) by Emily Winters
  • Venice Beach (1990) by Rip Cronk
  • Morning Shot (1991) by Rip Cronk (portrait mural of musician Jim Morrison)
  • Touch of Venice (2012) by Jonas aka “Never”
  • Arnold Schwarzenegger (2013) by Jonas aka “Never” (portrait mural of Schwarzenegger in bodybuilding pose.WEB, ” Schwarzenegger Meets Muralist Jonas AKA “Never” ”, October 2, 2013,yovenice.com/2013/10/02/schwarzenegger-meets-muralist-jonas-never/, November 4, 2020,
  • Luminaries of Pantheism (2015) by Levi Ponce (depicts pantheism supporters, including Einstein, Tesla, Du Bois, and others)
(File:Graffiti at Venice Beach, Los Angeles, California 02.jpg|thumb|Venice public graffiti walls allow artists to paint legally)

Venice Public Art Walls

The Venice Art Walls were built in 1961 as part of the Venice Pavilion, a recreation and performing arts facility.WEB, World Famous Venice Graffiti Art Walls,veniceartwalls.com, Venice Art Walls, November 5, 2020, It was a popular hangout spot for locals owing to its proximity to the beach and large number of concrete tables. The central area of the pavilion, known as “the pit” was surrounded by flat concrete walls that made for ideal painting surfaces. The pit became a hotbed of the growing graffiti movement in Los Angeles in the 1970s and 1980s, with many prominent artists and graffiti crews painting elaborate pieces on the pavilions walls. The area’s thriving counterculture and arts scene, along with law enforcement’s general neglect of the area made it an ideal location for artists to paint.WEB, Visit or paint at the Venice Art Walls. Also known as the Venice Graffiti Walls. – Venice Paparazzi {{!, Venice Beach CA, Photo Agency, Community Info, News, Events |url=https://www.venicepaparazzi.com/2015/11/20/art-walls/ |access-date=October 5, 2019}}WEB, Looking Back At Where the ‘Debris Meets The Sea’ – THE VENICE PAVILION WAS THE 80’s/90’s MELTING POT OF SKATE/SURF/ART CULTURE,whatyouth.com/76050/looking-back-at-where-the-debris-meets-the-sea-the-venice-pavilion-was-the-80s-90s-melting-pot-of-skate-surf-art-culture/, May 10, 2018, What Youth, October 5, 2019, Thirty-eight years later the Venice Pavilion was torn down but some of the walls, along with two large, conical concrete structures, were maintained. They were restored in 2000 as part of a renovation of the beachfront park area at the end of Windward Avenue, and ever since artists have been allowed to paint there freely and legally.

Music

Venice was where rock band The Doors were formed in 1965 by UCLA alumni Ray Manzarek and Jim Morrison. The Doors would go on to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Morrison being considered one of the greatest rock frontmen. Venice is the birthplace of Jane’s Addiction in the 1980s. Perry Farrell, frontman and founder of Lollapalooza, was a longtime Venice resident until 2010.WEB,welovenice.com/2011/04/07/venice-native-perry-farrel-janes-addiction-are-back-free-download-off-their-new-album-due-out-in-august/, Venice native, Perry Farrel & Jane’s Addiction are back {{!, FREE Download off their new album due out in August |publisher=WE LOVENICE |access-date=March 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313003541welovenice.com/2011/04/07/venice-native-perry-farrel-janes-addiction-are-back-free-download-off-their-new-album-due-out-in-august/ |archive-date=March 13, 2014 |url-status=dead}}NEWS,articles.latimes.com/2010/may/26/home/la-hm-hotprop-farrell-20100526, Alt-rocker Perry Farrell breaks his Venice addiction, Los Angeles Times, May 26, 2010, March 12, 2014, Venice in the 1980s also had bands playing music known as crossover thrash, a hardcore punk/thrash metal musical hybrid. The most notable of these bands is Suicidal Tendencies. Other Venice bands such as Beowülf, No Mercy, and Excel were also featured on the compilation album Welcome to Venice.{{Citation needed|date = May 2017}}

Public libraries

The Los Angeles Public Library operates the Venice–Abbot Kinney Memorial Branch.“Venice – Abbot Kinney Memorial Branch.” Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved March 18, 2010.

Parks and recreation

(File:Venice Beach Recreation Center.jpg|thumb|Venice Beach Recreation Center)The Venice Beach Recreation Center comprises a number of facilities.“Venice Beach Recreation Center.” City of Los Angeles. Retrieved March 22, 2010. The installation has basketball courts (unlighted/outdoor), several children play areas with a gymnastics apparatus, chess tables, handball courts (unlighted), paddle tennis courts (unlighted), and volleyball courts (unlighted). At the south end of the area is the muscle beach outdoor gymnasium. In March 2009, the city opened a sophisticated $2 million skate park, the Venice Beach Skate Park, on the sand towards the north.NEWS, August 4, 2014, VENICE BEACH SKATE PARK {{!, City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks|language=en|work=City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks|url=https://www.laparks.org/skatepark/venice-skate|access-date=February 6, 2022}} The Graffiti Walls are on the beach side of the bike path in the same vicinity. The Oakwood Recreation Center, which also acts as a Los Angeles Police Department stop-in center, includes an auditorium, an unlighted baseball diamond, lighted indoor basketball courts, unlighted outdoor basketball courts, a children’s play area, a community room, a lighted American football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, and an unlighted soccer field.“weblink.” City of Los Angeles. Retrieved January 22, 2011.The Westminster Off-Leash Dog Park is located in Venice.Home page {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127170046venicedogpark.org/ |date=November 27, 2020 }}.” Westminster Off-Leash Dog Park. Retrieved March 22, 2010.

Government

(File:Map of LA City Council Districts.png|thumb|upright|Venice is in District 11 of Los Angeles City Council)Venice is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles represented by District 11 on the Los Angeles City Council. City services are provided by the city of Los Angeles. There is a Venice Neighborhood Council that advises the LA City Council on local issues.

County, state, and federal representation

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Venice.“About Us.” Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved March 18, 2010.The United States Postal Service operates the Venice Post Office at 1601 Main Street and the Venice Carrier Annex at 313 Grand Boulevard.“Post Office Location – VENICE {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210181446usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/11222?p=2&s=CA&service_name=post_office&z=Venice |date=February 10, 2009}}.” United States Postal Service. Retrieved December 6, 2008.“Post Office Location – VENICE CARRIER ANNEX {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210201537usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/73309?p=2&s=CA&service_name=post_office&z=Venice |date=February 10, 2009}}.” United States Postal Service. Retrieved December 6, 2008.

Education

File:Venice High School (Los Angeles, small).jpg|thumb|right|upright|Venice High School ]]Schools within Venice include:weblink “Venice Schools”, Mapping L.A., Los Angeles Times WEB,planning.lacity.org/odocument/b1ce0423-e344-4dc1-8dfe-3f493eaddf6c/Venice_Community_Plan.pdf, Venice: Community Plan, August 4, 2022, 69,

Infrastructure

Fire department

The Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 63, which serves Venice with two engines, a truck, and an ALS rescue ambulance.

Police

The Los Angeles Police Department serves the area through the Pacific Community Police Station as well as a beach sub-station.Pacific Community Police Station – official website of THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT. Lapdonline.org.

Lifeguards

Lifeguard protection is administered by the Los Angeles County Lifeguards of the Los Angeles County Fire Department.

Notable people

{{colbegin|colwidth=32em}} {{colend}}

In popular culture

{{More citations needed section|date=January 2024}}Venice has been the location of numerous movies, TV shows, and video games.Venice – Movie Making and TV shows at Venice Beach. Westland.net (November 11, 2006). Common locations for filming include the piers, skate park, restaurant, canals, boardwalk, and the schools.Some productions include the following:

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

External links

{{Commons category|Venice, Los Angeles}}{{Wikivoyage|Venice (California)|Venice, California}} {{Geographic location|Centre = Venice|North = Santa Monica Municipal AirportMar Vista, Los Angeles>Mar VistaCulver City, California>Culver CityPlaya Vista, Los Angeles>Playa Vista|South = Marina Del Rey|Southwest = Pacific Ocean|West = Pacific OceanOcean Park, California>Ocean Park|image = }}{{Venice, Los Angeles}}{{Los Angeles Westside}}{{Olympic venues basketball}}{{Authority control}}


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