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{{Short description|First mosque in the world in Medina, Saudi Arabia}}{{Other uses|Kuba (disambiguation){{!}}Kuba}}

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()| native_name_lang = ar| location = Medina, Saudi Arabia24213902region:SA_type:landmarkname=Quba Mosque}}| religious_affiliation = Islam| region = Hejaz, Saudi ArabiaMedina Province (Saudi Arabia)>Medina| website = | architecture_type = MosqueIslamic Architecture>Islamic New ClassicalCommon Era>C.E. / 1 A.H.| groundbreaking = 622 C.E. / 1 A.H.| year_completed = 1986 (current)| construction_cost = | capacity = 30,000+| dome_quantity = 6| dome_height_outer = | dome_dia_outer = | minaret_quantity = 4 (current)1 (original)| minaret_height = }}The Quba Mosque (|Masjid Qubāʾ}}, {{IPA|acw|mas.dʒɪd ɡʊ.ba}}) is a mosque located in Medina, in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia, built in the lifetime of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the 7th century C.E.BOOK, Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Goss, V. P., Bornstein, C. V., The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades, Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 21, 208, 0-918720-58-3,weblink 1986, NEWS, Mustafa Abu Sway, The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source, Central Conference of American Rabbis,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110728001911weblink">weblink 2011-07-28, BOOK, Dyrness, W. A., Senses of Devotion: Interfaith Aesthetics in Buddhist and Muslim Communities, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 7, 25, 978-1-62032-136-2,weblink 2013-05-29, It is thought to be the first mosque in the world, built on the first day of Muhammad's emigration to Medina.JOURNAL, A. A., Macca, T., Aryanti, The Domes: El Wakil's Traditionalist Architecture of Quba Mosque, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 16–18 November 2016, 180, 012092, 10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012092, 131955391, free, JOURNAL, Alahmadi, M., Mansour, S., Dasgupta, N., Abulibdeh, A., Atkinson, P. M., Martin, D. J., 2021, Using daily nighttime lights to monitor spatiotemporal patterns of human lifestyle under covid-19: The case of Saudi Arabia., Remote Sensing, 13, 22, 4633, 10.3390/rs13224633, 2021RemS...13.4633A, free, Its first stone is said to have been laid by the prophet, and the structure completed by his companions.WEB, The Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs, Ministry of Hajj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Masjid Quba',weblink Masjid Quba is the first mosque in Islam's history, 2010-10-19, As per historical Islamic texts, Muhammad spent 14 days in this mosque praying qaṣr (, a short prayer) while waiting for Ali to arrive in Medina, after he stayed behind in Mecca to safeguard Muhammad's life and escape, by sleeping in Muhammad's bed in his place.WEB, Ali in the Quran,weblink 2021-03-02, Balaghah.net, en, Performing Wuḍūʾ ('Ablution') in one's home, then offering two Rakaʿāt of Nafl (Optional) prayers in the Quba Mosque, is considered to be equal to performing one ʿUmrah. Muhammad used to go there, riding or on foot, every Saturday and offer a two rakaʿāt prayer. He advised others to do the same, saying, "Whoever makes ablutions at home and then goes and prays in the Mosque of Quba, he will have a reward like that of an 'Umrah."NEWS, Quba — the first mosque in the history of Islam,weblink 14 August 2021, Arab News, 12 July 2014, en, This ḥadīth was reported by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah and Hakim al-Nishaburi.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Initially, the mosque was built {{convert|6|km|mile|abbr=off}} off Medina in the village of Quba, before Medina expanded to include this village.BOOK, Islam: a worldwide encyclopedia, Çakmak, Cenap, 978-1-61069-217-5, Santa Barbara, California, the US, 962409918, 2017-05-18,

Architecture

When the Driehaus Prize winner and New Classical architect Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil was commissioned, in the 20th century{{Vague|reason=Which year/decade in the 20th century? Commissioned by whom?|date=May 2024}}, to conceive a larger mosque, he intended to incorporate the old structure into his design. But the old mosque was torn down and replaced with a new one.WEB,weblinkweblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20090108234435weblink">weblink Description of the new mosque and architectural documents at archnet.org, January 8, 2009, The new mosque consists of a rectangular prayer hall raised on a second story platform. The prayer hall connects to a cluster containing residential areas, offices, ablution facilities, shops and a library.{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}}The recent new construction of the Quba Mosque that happened in 1984 include many new additions, such as 7 main entrances, 4 parallel minarets, and the 56 mini domes that surround the perimeter of the mosque from an overhead point of view. The courtyard of this mosque is composed of black, red, and white marble,WEB,weblink Masjid al-Quba – 3D Virtual Tour, www.3dmekanlar.com, 2019-12-09, and majority of the structure and interior structures such as the minbar and mihrab are all composed of white marble. Originally, there was one minaret, the new renovations included the addition of the other three minarets, they rest on square bases, have octagonal shafts which take on a circular shape as they reach the top.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

Prayer hall

The prayer hall is arranged around a central courtyard, characterised by six large domes resting on clustered columns. A portico, which is two bays in depth, borders the courtyard on the east and west, while a one-bayed portico borders it on the north, and separates it from the women's prayer area.The women's prayer area, which is surrounded by a screen, is divided into two parts as a passageway connects the northern entrance with the courtyard.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} When Quba Mosque was rebuilt in 1986, the Medina architecture was retained – ribbed white domes, and basalt facing and modest exterior – qualities that recalls Madina's simplicity. The courtyard, is flagged with black, red and white marble. It is screened overhead by day from the scorching heat with shades. Arabesque latticework filters the light of the palm groves outside. Elements of the new building include work by the Egyptian architect Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil, Pakistani architect Hassan Khan Sayyid and the Stuttgart tensile architect Mahmoud Bodo Rasch,{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.islamische-zeitung.de/?id=2092 |chapter=Alles muss von innen kommen |title=Gespräch mit dem Stuttgarter Architekten |author=Dr. Rasch |publisher=Islamische Zeitung |date=6 November 2002}} a student of Frei Otto.

Landmarks

• Masjid Dirar (previously)

Status as First Mosque in Islamic History

Depending on whether the Mosque of the Companions in the Eritrean city of MassawaBOOK, Reid, Richard J., A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to the Present, John Wiley and Sons, The Islamic Frontier in Eastern Africa, 106, 978-0-470-65898-7,weblink 12 January 2012, 15 March 2015, is older or not, it may be the first mosque in the world, but according to legend, the sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca dates to the time of Ibrahim (Abraham) and Ismaʿil (Ishmael).BOOK, Lings, Martin, Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, Islamic Texts Society, 1983, 978-0-946621-33-0, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, ENCYCLOPEDIA, Glassé, Cyril, Kaaba, The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, HarperSanFrancisco, 1991,weblink 0-0606-3126-0,

Mentions

In ahadith

The merits of the mosque are mentioned in nineteen Sahih al-Bukhari hadiths; thirteen Sahih Muslim hadiths; two Sunan Abu Dawood hadiths; six Al-Muwatta hadiths.Enter Quba Mosque in the "Search the Hadith" box and check off all hadith collections. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021212501weblink |date=October 21, 2014 }}Muhammad frequented the mosque and prayed there. This is referred to in a number of hadith:{{Blockquote|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Dinar:Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet used to go to the Mosque of Quba every Saturday (sometimes) walking and (sometimes) riding." 'Abdullah (Ibn 'Umar) used to do the same|Collected by Muhammad al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari Volume 2, Book 21, Number 284{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|2|21|284}}}}{{Blockquote|Narrated Ibn 'Umar:The Prophet used to go to the Mosque of Quba (sometimes) walking and sometimes riding. Added Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar (in another narration), "He then would offer two Rakat (in the Mosque of Quba)."|Collected by Muhammad al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari Volume 2, Book 21, Number 285{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|2|21|285}}}}

In the Quran

It is believed to be the mosque which the Quran mentions as being founded on piety and devoutness (Masjid al-Taqwa){{Qtaf|en:ibk|9|108}}{{Blockquote|There are also those ˹hypocrites˺ who set up a mosque ˹only˺ to cause harm, promote disbelief, divide the believers, and as a base for those who had previously fought against Allah and His Messenger. They will definitely swear, "We intended nothing but good," but Allah bears witness that they are surely liars. Do not ˹O Prophet˺ ever pray in it. Certainly, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy of your prayers. In it are men who love to be purified. And Allah loves those who purify themselves.|{{qref|9|108|c=y}}}}

Gallery

File:Origquba.jpg|The original mosqueFile:Oldquba.jpgFile:OldQuba.jpgFile:Qubapilgrims.jpgFile:Quba Mosque 2013 02.jpg|link=|Modern Day Quba Mosque in 2013

See also

• Holiest sites in Islam
• Islamic architecture
  • Lists of mosques
    • List of mosques in Saudi Arabia
• Islamic art
• Quba in Azerbaijan
• Timeline of Muslim history

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam by Hajjah Amina Adil (p. 286)
• The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions by Hisham Kabbani (p. 301)
• Happold: The Confidence to Build by Derek Walker and Bill Addis (p. 81)

External links

{{Commons category}}

• Virtues of Masjid Quba, Madina – Taken from Tafsir Ibn Kathir and other Saheeh Hadith

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}{{Mosques in Saudi Arabia}}{{Holiest sites in Shia Islam}}{{Authority control}}