Fake news sites deliberately publish hoaxes and disinformation to drive web traffic inflamed by social media.{{citation|title=How Russia Dominates Your Twitter Feed to Promote Lies (And, Trump, Too)|date=6 August 2016|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/06/how-russia-dominates-your-twitter-feed-to-promote-lies-and-trump-too.html|author1=Weisburd, Andrew|author2=Watts, Clint|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531031716www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/06/how-russia-dominates-your-twitter-feed-to-promote-lies-and-trump-too.html|archive-date=31 May 2017|url-status=live}}{{citation|url=http://www.snopes.com/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/|access-date=19 November 2016|date=2 November 2016|work=Snopes.com|title=Snopes’ Field Guide to Fake News Sites and Hoax Purveyors - Snopes.com’s updated guide to the internet’s clickbaiting, news-faking, social media exploiting dark side.|first=Kim|last=LaCapria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628060536www.snopes.com/news/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/|archive-date=28 June 2020|url-status=live}}{{citation|title=’Divide Europe’: European lawmakers warn of Russian propaganda|date=11 October 2016|url=http://www.dw.com/en/divide-europe-european-lawmakers-warn-of-russian-propaganda/a-36016836|author=Lewis Sanders IV|work=Deutsche Welle|access-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325134130www.dw.com/en/divide-europe-european-lawmakers-warn-of-russian-propaganda/a-36016836|archive-date=25 March 2019|url-status=live}} These sites are distinguished from news satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers’ gullibility. While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples of website spoofing, structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets like ABC News or MSNBC.{{citation|work=Business Insider|access-date=16 November 2016|date=15 November 2016|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-users-crowdsource-fake-news-document-2016-11|title=Fed up with fake news, Facebook users are solving the problem with a simple list|first=Ben|last=Gilbert|quote=Some of these sites are intended to look like real publications (there are false versions of major outlets like ABC and MSNBC) but share only fake news; others are straight-up propaganda created by foreign nations (Russia and Macedonia, among others).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526185301www.businessinsider.com/facebook-users-crowdsource-fake-news-document-2016-11|archive-date=26 May 2019|url-status=live}} The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, “fake news” on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation to defraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting through clickbait.{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/us/fake-news-partisan-republican-democrat.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=9 December 2016|date=7 December 2016|first=Sabrina|last=Tavernise|page=A1|quote=Narrowly defined, ‘fake news’ means a made-up story with an intention to deceive, often geared toward getting clicks.|title=As Fake News Spreads Lies, More Readers Shrug at the Truth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403203114www.nytimes.com/2016/12/06/us/fake-news-partisan-republican-democrat.html|archive-date=3 April 2019|url-status=live}} PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.{{citation|url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/politifactwisconsin/2016/12/13/politifacts-lie-year-2016-fake-news/95395008/|work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=13 December 2016|access-date=14 December 2016|first=Tom|last=Kertscher|title=PolitiFact’s Lie of the Year 2016: Fake news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207222243www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/politifactwisconsin/2016/12/13/politifacts-lie-year-2016-fake-news/95395008/|archive-date=7 December 2019|url-status=live}}The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and within tabloid journalism in the years prior to the 2016 U.S. election. Except for the 2016 Philippine elections,NEWS, Ong, Jonathan Corpus, Trolls for Sale in the World’s Social Media Capital,www.asiaglobalonline.hku.hk/philippines-internet-trolls-social-media-duterte/, AsiaGlobal Online, August 30, 2018, February 10, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190212011921/https://www.asiaglobalonline.hku.hk/philippines-internet-trolls-social-media-duterte/, February 12, 2019, live, prior to the election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree. Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters of left-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters of right-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censor conservative views. Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.

Lists

Campaigns by individuals

American News LLC {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|American News|americannews.com||Published a false story claiming actor Denzel Washington endorsed Donald Trump for president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it on Facebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election.

DATE=28 FEBRUARY 2017

URL=HTTP://WWW.MIAMINEWTIMES.COM/NEWS/THERES-REPORTEDLY-A-GIGANTIC-FAKENEWS-OPERATION-RUN-FROM-MIAMI-AND-ITS-NOT-NEW-TIMES-9173747

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170506200051/HTTP://WWW.MIAMINEWTIMES.COM/NEWS/THERES-REPORTEDLY-A-GIGANTIC-FAKENEWS-OPERATION-RUN-FROM-MIAMI-AND-ITS-NOT-NEW-TIMES-9173747

ACCESS-DATE=28 MAY 2017, Miami New Times, NEWS, Silverman, Craig, February 27, 2017, This Is How Your Hyperpartisan Political News Gets Made,www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-the-hyperpartisan-sausage-is-made, live,web.archive.org/web/20180717154405/https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-the-hyperpartisan-sausage-is-made, July 17, 2018, February 2, 2019, Buzzfeed News, NEWS, Bump, Philip, 14 November 2016, Denzel Washington endorsed Trump, according to AmericaNews, Breitbart, USANewsHome â€” and Facebook,www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/14/denzel-washington-endorsed-trump-according-to-americanews-breitbartt-usanewshome-and-facebook/, live,web.archive.org/web/20190221203603/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/11/14/denzel-washington-endorsed-trump-according-to-americanews-breitbartt-usanewshome-and-facebook/, 21 February 2019, February 2, 2019, The Washington Post,

|Conservative 101|conservative101.com||Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway.|

|Democratic Review|DemocraticReview.com||Owned by American Review LLC of Miami, the same company that owns American News (americannews.com), Conservative 101 and Liberal Society.|

|Liberal Society|LiberalSociety.com||Published a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway.|

Jestin Coler {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|Conservative Frontline|conservativefrontline.com||

DATE=23 NOVEMBER 2016

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NPR.ORG/SECTIONS/ALLTECHCONSIDERED/2016/11/23/503146770/NPR-FINDS-THE-HEAD-OF-A-COVERT-FAKE-NEWS-OPERATION-IN-THE-SUBURBS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190515130230/HTTPS://WWW.NPR.ORG/SECTIONS/ALLTECHCONSIDERED/2016/11/23/503146770/NPR-FINDS-THE-HEAD-OF-A-COVERT-FAKE-NEWS-OPERATION-IN-THE-SUBURBS

ACCESS-DATE=5 APRIL 2018

PUBLISHER=NPR,

|Denver Guardian|denverguardian.com|||

|DrudgeReport.com.co|DrudgeReport.com.co||Mimics the name of the Drudge Report.|

|United Media Publishing|unitedmediapublishing.com|||

|washingtonpost.com.co|washingtonpost.com.co|

The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler’s registration of the site with GoDaddy under the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy>UDRP, and in 2015, an arbitral panel ruled that Coler’s registration of the domain name was a form of bad-faith cybersquatting (specifically, typosquatting), “through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as ‘click bait’ to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue.”

URL=HTTP://WWW.ADRFORUM.COM/DOMAINDECISIONS/1636671.HTM

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20161128044434/HTTP://WWW.ADRFORUM.COM/DOMAINDECISIONS/1636671.HTM

ACCESS-DATE=NOVEMBER 28, 2016, National Arbitration Forum,

Paul Horner {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

DATE=MAY 26, 2016

MAGAZINE=COLUMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW

URL-STATUS=LIVE

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20161120085429/HTTPS://WWW.CJR.ORG/ANALYSIS/HOW_FAKE_NEWS_SITES_FREQUENTLY_TRICK_BIG-TIME_JOURNALISTS.PHP, November 20, 2016, NEWS, Jacobson, Louis, November 17, 2016, No, someone wasn’t paid $3,500 to protest Donald Trump, PolitiFact, PolitiFact.com,www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/nov/17/blog-posting/no-someone-wasnt-paid-3500-protest-donald-trump-it/, live, November 25, 2016,www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/nov/17/blog-posting/no-someone-wasnt-paid-3500-protest-donald-trump-it/," title="web.archive.org/web/20161119052850www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/nov/17/blog-posting/no-someone-wasnt-paid-3500-protest-donald-trump-it/,">web.archive.org/web/20161119052850www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/nov/17/blog-posting/no-someone-wasnt-paid-3500-protest-donald-trump-it/, November 19, 2016,

|CBSnews.com.co|CBSnews.com.co||Mimics the URL, design and logo of CBS News.

DATE=2017-11-07

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/FACT-CHECKING/2017/WEEKS-AFTER-HIS-DEATH-MOST-OF-PAUL-HORNER%C2%92S-FAKE-NEWS-SITES-ARE-DOWN-SO-WHAT%C2%92S-LEFT/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-10-07

WEBSITE=POYNTER, en-US,

|christianfreedommovement.com|christianfreedommovement.com|||

|cnn.com.de|cnn.com.de||Impostor site of CNN.|

|isissingles.com|isissingles.com|||

|iywib.com|iywib.com|||

|keepdonaldtrump.com|keepdonaldtrump.com|||

|makeredhatswearableagain.com|makeredhatswearableagain.com|||

|mericaland.com|mericaland.com|||

|microsoftsite.com|microsoftsite.com|||

|nationalgeographic.com.co|nationalgeographic.com.co||Spoof of National Geographic.|

|nationalreview.biz|nationalreview.biz||Spoof of National Review.|

|NBC.com.co|NBC.com.co||Imitates NBC.

DATE=2018-04-20

URL=HTTP://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/PUNDITFACT/ARTICLE/2017/APR/20/POLITIFACTS-GUIDE-FAKE-NEWS-WEBSITES-AND-WHAT-THEY/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190803065242/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/PUNDITFACT/ARTICLE/2017/APR/20/POLITIFACTS-GUIDE-FAKE-NEWS-WEBSITES-AND-WHAT-THEY/

ACCESS-DATE=2018-06-18, PolitiFact,

|NBCNews.com.co|NBCNews.com.co|Defunct|Mimics the URL, design and logo of NBC News.

AUTHOR3=KURT CHIRBAS

AUTHOR5=ADAM HOWARD

TITLE=TALL TALE OR SATIRE? AUTHORS OF SO-CALLED ‘FAKE NEWS’ FEEL MISJUDGED

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/NEWS/US-NEWS/TALL-TALE-OR-SATIRE-AUTHORS-SO-CALLED-FAKE-NEWS-FEEL-N689421

ACCESS-DATE=OCTOBER 7, 2019

ARCHIVE-DATE=OCTOBER 30, 2019,

|News Examiner|newsexaminer.net||Started in 2015 by Paul Horner, the lead writer of the National Report. This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news.

DATE=14 JANUARY 2016

URL=HTTP://WWW.SNOPES.COM/2016/01/14/FAKE-NEWS-SITES/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200628060536/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/NEWS/2016/01/14/FAKE-NEWS-SITES/

ACCESS-DATE=2016-11-24, snopes,

|paulhorner.org|paulhorner.org|||

|snopes.com.co|snopes.com.co||Imposter site of Snopes.|

|St George Gazette|stgeorgegazette.com||

DATE=2017-07-05

URL=HTTP://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/PUNDITFACT/STATEMENTS/2017/JUL/05/STGEORGEGAZETTECOM/STORY-ABOUT-RYAN-ANNOUNCING-TRUMPS-RESIGNATION-COM/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180620024843/HTTP://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/PUNDITFACT/STATEMENTS/2017/JUL/05/STGEORGEGAZETTECOM/STORY-ABOUT-RYAN-ANNOUNCING-TRUMPS-RESIGNATION-COM/

ACCESS-DATE=2018-06-19

DATE=2017-05-16

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2017/MAY/16/FACEBOOK-FAKE-NEWS-TOOLS-NOT-WORKING

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180625021654/HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2017/MAY/16/FACEBOOK-FAKE-NEWS-TOOLS-NOT-WORKING

ACCESS-DATE=2018-06-24, The Guardian,

|superofficialnews.com|superofficialnews.com|||

|thephoenixnewtimes.com|thephoenixnewtimes.com|||

|trumptized.com|trumptized.com|||

WTOE 5 News {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|16WMPO|16WMPO.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2017-01-06

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2017/JAN/06/BLOG-POSTING/CELEBRITY-PRAISE-HELPFUL-LOCALS-ARE-FAKE-STORIES-C/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-08

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT

URL=HTTPS://APNEWS.COM/CELEBRITY-GENERAL-NEWS-A664AFAC61B24203BF0748BA05CFC09B

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-26

WEBSITE=AP NEWS, en,

|AlexJones.xyz|AlexJones.xyz||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

LAST2=SINGER-VINE

DATE=2016-12-16

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/THE-STRANGEST-FAKE-NEWS-EMPIRE

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-03

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS, en,

|alynews.com|alynews.com|

Step Brothers (film)>Step Brothers in the works in 2016.Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2016-12-30

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/TOP-FAKE-NEWS-OF-2016

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-10

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS

DATE=2016-03-22

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/STEP-BROTHERS-2-HOAX/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-11

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|channel16news.com|channel16news.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|channel17news.com|channel17news.com||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2016-12-24

URL=HTTPS://GLOBALNEWS.CA/NEWS/3131245/FAKE-NEWS-NO-ROOM-IN-THE-STADIUM-BRAD-PITT-MOVING-TO-BRANTFORD-THE-WAR-ON-CHRISTMAS-AND-MORE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-09-09

WEBSITE=GLOBAL NEWS, en-US,

|Channel 18 News|Channel18News.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2016-07-29

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/CELEBRITY-SUMMONED-TO-JURY-DUTY-IN-YOUR-TOWN/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-06

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|clancyreport.com|clancyreport.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|Daily News 10|DailyNews10.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2017-04-13

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2017/APR/13/BLOG-POSTING/FAKE-NEWS-ALERT-VIN-DIESEL-NAMES-ROCKFORD-HIS-FAVO/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-08

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT, en-US,

|Daily News 11|dailynews11.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|Daily News 5|DailyNews5.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|FoxBusiness.xyz|FoxBusiness.xyz||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|Headline Brief|headlinebrief.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|km8news.com|km8news.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|KMT 11 News|kmt11.com|Defunct

URL=HTTP://KTAR.COM/STORY/1124229/CRUCI-NO-NEW-HARRY-POTTER-MOVIE-WILL-NOT-BE-FILMED-IN-ARIZONA/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190325134127/HTTP://KTAR.COM/STORY/1124229/CRUCI-NO-NEW-HARRY-POTTER-MOVIE-WILL-NOT-BE-FILMED-IN-ARIZONA/

ACCESS-DATE=13 DECEMBER 2016

DATE=14 JUNE 2016

URL=HTTP://943THEPOINT.COM/THE-NOTEBOOK-2-NOT-FILMING-IN-ATLANTIC-CITY-OR-ANYWHERE-ELSE/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190325134132/HTTPS://943THEPOINT.COM/THE-NOTEBOOK-2-NOT-FILMING-IN-ATLANTIC-CITY-OR-ANYWHERE-ELSE/

ACCESS-DATE=13 DECEMBER 2016

WJLK-FM>WJLK, Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=30 JUNE 2016

URL=HTTP://WWW.TENNESSEAN.COM/STORY/ENTERTAINMENT/2016/06/30/SORRY-FORREST-GUMP-2-NOT-FILMING-BRENTWOOD/86544764/

WORK=THE TENNESSEAN,

|knp7.com|knp7.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|kspm33.com|kspm33.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|KUPR7|kupr7.com||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

DATE=2016-04-07

URL=HTTPS://WWW.JACKSONVILLE.COM/STORY/ENTERTAINMENT/LOCAL/2016/04/07/CLINT-EASTWOOD-MOVING-JACKSONVILLE/15706547007/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-25

WEBSITE=THE FLORIDA TIMES-UNION

DATE=2016-05-11

URL=HTTPS://BLOG.TIMESUNION.COM/KRISTI/2016/05/11/JOHNNY-DEPP-DID-NOT-SAY-ALBANY-HAS-BEAUTIFUL-WOMEN/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2019-02-06

WEBSITE=TIMES UNION (ALBANY)

>LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|ky6news.com|ky6news.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|KY12News.com|KY12News.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|KYPO6|kypo6.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|Local 31 News|Local31News.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|localnews33.com|localnews33.com||Part of the same network as alynews.com|

|lopezreport.com|lopezreport.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|maywoodpost.com|maywoodpost.com||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.KENTONLINE.CO.UK/MAIDSTONE/NEWS/ADAM-SANDLER-SPOOF-ARTICLE-115716/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-25

WEBSITE=KENT ONLINE, en,

|mbynews.com|mbynews.com||Part of the same network as alynews.com|

|McKenzie Post|mckenziepost.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|NewsDaily12.com|NewsDaily12.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|newsdaily27.com|newsdaily27.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|News Now 11|newsnow11.com||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.DAILYEDGE.IE/LEONARDO-DICAPRIO-GALWAY-3505305-JUL2017/

WEBSITE=THEJOURNAL.IE, The Daily Edge,

|The North Devon Journal|northdevonjournal.co.uk||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|oreillypost.com|oreillypost.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|WBN 12 News|wbn12.com||Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|wcpm3.com|wcpm3.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|wleb21.com|wleb21.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|WRPT 16 News|wrpt16.com||Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.|

|WTOE 5 News|wtoe5news.com||Original source of false claim that Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump in 2016.

LAST2=GENTZKOW

DATE=2017-05-01

JOURNAL=JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES

VOLUME=31

PAGES=211â€“236

ISSN=0895-3309, free,

Your News Wire {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|Neon Nettle|neonnettle.com||Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.Stated by Snopes to be “interrelated” with NewsPunch and Your News Wire.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2017/07/WEBSITES-POST-FAKE-SATIRICAL-STORIES/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-11-29

WEBSITE=FACTCHECK.ORG, EMERY >FIRST=DAVID

TITLE=DID MACAULAY CULKIN SAY SATANIC HOLLYWOOD EXECUTIVES WEAR SHOES MADE FROM DEAD CHILDREN?

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230604205845/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/MACAULEY-CULKIN-SATANIC-HOLLYWOOD/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-27

LANGUAGE=EN,

NewsPunch>Newspunch|Newspunch.com||Alternative name for YourNewsWire.|

The People’s Voice (website)>The People’s Voice (formerly NewsPunch and Your News Wire)|thepeoplesvoice.tv||Founded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as “claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit.” Its name was changed to NewsPunch in 2018 and The People’s Voice in 2023.

DATE=2017-07-06

URL=HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2017/07/WEBSITES-POST-FAKE-SATIRICAL-STORIES/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180512172836/HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2017/07/WEBSITES-POST-FAKE-SATIRICAL-STORIES/

ACCESS-DATE=2018-06-18

DATE=SEPTEMBER 21, 2017

URL=HTTPS://WWW.HOLLYWOODREPORTER.COM/FEATURES/HOLLYWOODS-HIDDEN-ALT-MEDIA-FIREBRANDS-1041157

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170924022038/HTTP://WWW.HOLLYWOODREPORTER.COM/FEATURES/HOLLYWOODS-HIDDEN-ALT-MEDIA-FIREBRANDS-1041157

ACCESS-DATE=SEPTEMBER 23, 2017

THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER, BOSWELL

DATE=JANUARY 29, 2017

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THETIMES.CO.UK/ARTICLE/MOTHER-CHURNS-OUT-STORIES-FOR-MASTER-OF-FAKE-NEWS-FCMZC05SX

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170718214753/HTTPS://WWW.THETIMES.CO.UK/ARTICLE/MOTHER-CHURNS-OUT-STORIES-FOR-MASTER-OF-FAKE-NEWS-FCMZC05SX

ACCESS-DATE=MAY 23, 2017

THE TIMES >LOCATION=LONDON

URL=HTTPS://WWW.CBSNEWS.COM/PICTURES/DONT-GET-FOOLED-BY-THESE-FAKE-NEWS-SITES/5/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190301084744/HTTPS://WWW.CBSNEWS.COM/PICTURES/DONT-GET-FOOLED-BY-THESE-FAKE-NEWS-SITES/5/

ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 2, 2019

CBS NEWS, JULY 6, 2017

URL=HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2017/07/WEBSITES-POST-FAKE-SATIRICAL-STORIES/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20180828113630/HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2017/07/WEBSITES-POST-FAKE-SATIRICAL-STORIES/

ACCESS-DATE=AUGUST 27, 2018

LANGUAGE=EN-US, SILVERMAN >FIRST1=CRAIG

FIRST2=JANE

FIRST3=SCOTT

TITLE=THESE ARE 50 OF THE BIGGEST FAKE NEWS HITS ON FACEBOOK IN 2017

URL-STATUS=LIVE

ARCHIVE-DATE=JANUARY 5, 2019

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS

DATE=JULY 20, 2018

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/NEWS/FACT-CHECKERS-HAVE-DEBUNKED-FAKE-NEWS-SITE-80-TIMES-ITS-STILL-PUBLISHING-FACEBOOK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20181210225305/HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/NEWS/FACT-CHECKERS-HAVE-DEBUNKED-FAKE-NEWS-SITE-80-TIMES-ITS-STILL-PUBLISHING-FACEBOOK

ACCESS-DATE=FEBRUARY 2, 2019

POYNTER INSTITUTE >LANGUAGE=EN, FRIER >FIRST=SARAH

TITLE=FACEBOOK TAMPED DOWN ON HOAX SITES, BUT POLARIZATION THRIVES

URL-STATUS=LIVE

ARCHIVE-DATE=NOVEMBER 6, 2018

WEBSITE=BLOOMBERG.COM,

|Your News Wire|yournewswire.com||Former name for The People’s Voice.|

Others {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|ABCNews1.us|ABCNews1.us||Same owner as AJUAnews.

TITLE=POLITIFACT - HOW A DISINFORMATION NETWORK EXPLOITED SATIRE TO BECOME A POPULAR SOURCE OF FALSE NEWS ON FACEBOOK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231208111921/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/ARTICLE/2020/JAN/23/ONE-MOST-POPULAR-FALSE-NEWS-SITES-FACEBOOK-PART-PA/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-22

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|African News Updates|africannewupsdate.com|

2016 South African municipal elections>2016 municipal elections in South Africa, which led to the Electoral Commission of South Africa filing a criminal complaint against the site owner.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20221004123402/HTTPS://EXPOSED.NEWS24.COM/NEWSUPDATESSA-SITE/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-23

NEWS24 (WEBSITE)>NEWS24

URL=HTTPS://AFRICACHECK.ORG/FACT-CHECKS/GUIDES/GUIDE-HOW-STOP-FALLING-FAKE-NEWS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-26

WEBSITE=AFRICA CHECK, en,

|AJUAnews|AJUAnews.com||Plagiarized content from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly owned by individual based in Pakistan.|

|ALNewsNetwork.press|ALNewsNetwork.press||Same owner as AJUAnews.|

|America Talks|Americatalks.com||Per FactCheck.org.|

|America’s Freedom Fighters|Americasfreedomfighters.com||Per FactCheck.org.|

|Banned Information|BannedInformation.com||Per FactCheck.org.|

|Conservative Beaver|conservativebeaver.com||Published false anti-vaccination claims related to Pfizer, leading to Pfizer filing a petition to compel the site host to reveal the site owner’s identity.

URL=HTTPS://LEADSTORIES.COM/ANALYSIS/2021/11/WHO-IS-CONSERVATIVE-BEAVER.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-04-06

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES,

|Dos Palos News|dospalosnews.com||Same owner as AJUAnews.|

|FB News Cycle|Fbnewscycle.com||Per FactCheck.org.Same owner as Banned Information.|

|HealthFacts.pro|HealthFacts.pro||Same owner as AJUAnews.|

|Hot Global News|hotglobalnews.com||

DATE=2016-08-09

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEED.COM/CRAIGSILVERMAN/TEEN-TRUDEAU-HOAXES

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-05

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED, en-ca,

|ILoveQuilting.pro|ILoveQuilting.pro||Same owner as AJUAnews.|

|Leading Report|theleadingreport.com||A website and Twitter account that promotes misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and United States politics.

DATE=2023-10-31

URL=HTTPS://SCIENCE.FEEDBACK.ORG/WHO-IS-BEHIND-THE-MISLEADING-LEADING-REPORT/

WEBSITE=CLIMATE FEEDBACK

>LANGUAGE=EN-GB,

|National News Bulletin|nationalnewsbulletin.com||Same Google Analytics ID as News Updates South Africa.|

|The National Sun|thenationalsun.com||Same owners as Hot Global News.

DATE=2016-08-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEED.COM/CRAIGSILVERMAN/OBAMA-MOVING-TO-CANADA-HOAX

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-24

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED, en-ca,

|net-breaking.com|net-breaking.com||Affiliated with Leading Report.|

|News@Last|newsatlast.com||Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.Same owner as News Updates South Africa.|

|News Updates South Africa|newsupdatessa.site||Per Africa Check and News24.

URL=HTTPS://AFRICACHECK.ORG/FACT-CHECKS/META-PROGRAMME-FACT-CHECKS/FAKE-QUOTE-HAS-SOUTH-AFRICAS-AGRICULTURE-MINISTER-BLAMING

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-01-30

WEBSITE=AFRICA CHECK, en,

|Ohio Press Pro|ohiopress.pro||Same owner as AJUAnews.|

|thepedogate.com|thepedogate.com||Part of same network as America Talks. Spread the false Pizzagate conspiracy theory.|

|The Red Panther|theredpanther.com||Former name of Toronto Today.|

|Right Wing Tribune|Rightwingtribune.com||Per FactCheck.org.Same owners as America’s Freedom Fighters.|

|Toronto99.com|Toronto99.com||Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver.|

|Toronto Today|torontotoday.net||Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver.|

|Vancouver Times|vancouvertimes.org||Likely shares the same site owner as the Conservative Beaver and Toronto Today.

url=https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/02/fact-check-trucker-convoy-leader-not-found-dead-in-her-cell.html

leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/02/fact-check-trucker-convoy-leader-not-found-dead-in-her-cell.html >archive-date=2023-06-06

website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}}

Disinformation campaigns

Corporate disinformation campaigns

Examples of disinformation campaigns from companies include Eliminalia, a reputation management firm that created a network of over 600 websites for its clients,NEWS, Boburg, Shawn, Leaked files reveal reputation-management firm’s deceptive tactics,www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2023/eliminalia-fake-news-misinformation/,web.archive.org/web/20230315120650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/interactive/2023/eliminalia-fake-news-misinformation/, 2023-03-15, 2023-12-18, Washington Post, en, WEB, Part 2 â€“ Analysis of the fake articles,www.qurium.org/dark-ops-undercovered/episode-xiii/part2-analysis-of-the-articles/,web.archive.org/web/20230218043124/https://www.qurium.org/dark-ops-undercovered/episode-xiii/part2-analysis-of-the-articles/, 2023-02-18, 2023-12-18, Qurium Media Foundation, en-GB, and Regency Enterprises, which created sites to promote the movie A Cure for Wellness.WEB, 2017-02-13, Fake News Websites Used to Promote Horror Flick A Cure For Wellness {{!, Lead Stories |url=http://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3207746-fake-news-websites-a-cure-for-wellness.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331002054leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2017/02/fake-news-websites-a-cure-for-wellness.html |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}}WEB, Silverman, Craig, Lytvynenko, Jane, 2017-02-13, A Hollywood Film Is Funding Fake News As Part Of Its Publicity Campaign,www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/a-hollywood-film-is-funding-fake-news,web.archive.org/web/20230318215154/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/a-hollywood-film-is-funding-fake-news, 2023-03-18, 2023-12-22, BuzzFeed News, en,

Political disinformation campaigns

Examples of countries with political actors that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Brazil,JOURNAL, Dourado, Tatiana, Salgado, Susana, 2021-10-02, Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: probing the content, spread and implications of fake news about Lula da Silva, The Communication Review, en, 24, 4, 297â€“319, 10.1080/10714421.2021.1981705, 1071-4421, free, free, 10451/49827, India,NEWS, 2020-12-10, The dead professor and the vast pro-India disinformation campaign,www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55232432,web.archive.org/web/20230926003617/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-55232432, 2023-09-26, 2023-12-27, BBC, en-GB, Iran, Italy,WEB, Nardelli, Alberto, Silverman, Craig, 2016-11-29, Italy’s Most Popular Political Party Is Leading Europe In Fake News And Kremlin Propaganda,www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party-is-leading-europe-in-fak,web.archive.org/web/20231203084223/https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party-is-leading-europe-in-fak, 2023-12-03, 2024-01-21, BuzzFeed, en-gb, the People’s Republic of China,WEB, Serabian, Ryan, Kapellmann Zafra, Daniel, Pro-PRC “HaiEnergy” Information Operations Campaign Leverages Infrastructure from Public Relations Firm to Disseminate Content on Inauthentic News Sites,www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/pro-prc-information-operations-campaign-haienergy,web.archive.org/web/20220831142904/https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/pro-prc-information-operations-campaign-haienergy, 2022-08-31, 2023-12-04, Mandiant, en, the Philippines,NEWS, Bacungan, VJ, CBCP to public: Fight ‘fake news’,cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/06/22/cbcp-fight-fake-news.html, CNN Philippines, June 23, 2017, June 27, 2017,cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/06/22/cbcp-fight-fake-news.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20170626010459cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/06/22/cbcp-fight-fake-news.html,">web.archive.org/web/20170626010459cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/06/22/cbcp-fight-fake-news.html, June 26, 2017, dead, Russia,WEB, Nimmo, Ben, Torrey, Mike, 2022-09-27, Taking down coordinated inauthentic behavior from Russia and China,about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/CIB-Report_-China-Russia_Sept-2022-1.pdf,web.archive.org/web/20220927153619/https://about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/CIB-Report_-China-Russia_Sept-2022-1.pdf, 2022-09-27, 2023-11-30, Facebook, Ukraine (Luhansk),WEB, Nimmo, Ben, Ronzaud, LÃ©a, Eib, C. Shawn, Echoes of Fake News - Facebook Downs Assets Linked to Deceptive Websites Run from Separatist-Held Ukraine, First Reported by Die Welt and Netzpolitik,public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_echoes_of_fake_news.pdf,web.archive.org/web/20231226235530/https://public-assets.graphika.com/reports/graphika_report_echoes_of_fake_news.pdf, 2023-12-26, 2023-12-30, Graphika, and the United States.WEB, Bengani, Priyanjana, 2021-10-14, The Metric Media network runs more than 1,200 local news sites. Here are some of the non-profits funding them.,www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/metric-media-lobbyists-funding.php/,web.archive.org/web/20230730113840/https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/metric-media-lobbyists-funding.php, 2023-07-30, 2023-12-18, Columbia Journalism Review, en,

Fraudulent fact-checking websites

According to the Poynter Institute, there are four categories of false fact-checking websites:

Sites that are satirical in nature
Sites that attempt to subvert serious fact-checking sites
Sites that re-appropriate the term “fact-check” for partisan political causes
Sites with more violent intentions, such as genocide denial.WEB, Funke, Daniel, 2018-10-18, Khashoggi misinformation highlights a growing number of fake fact-checkers,www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2018/khashoggi-misinformation-highlights-a-growing-number-of-fake-fact-checkers/,web.archive.org/web/20221025223516/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2018/khashoggi-misinformation-highlights-a-growing-number-of-fake-fact-checkers/, 2022-10-25, 2023-12-23, Poynter, en-US,

{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|AosFatos.com|AosFatos.com||Spoof of Brazilian fact-checking organization Aos Fatos.

DATE=2019-02-15

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/FACT-CHECKING/2019/THIS-WEBSITE-IMPERSONATED-A-FACT-CHECKING-OUTLET-TO-PUBLISH-FAKE-NEWS-STORIES/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-01-07

WEBSITE=POYNTER, en-US,

|Business2Community|business2community.com||Plagiarized fact-checks from Lead Stories.

DATE=2018-06-14

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/THIS-PROLIFIC-FACT-CHECKER-IS-A-PLAGIARIST

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-24

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS, en,

|The California Republican|carepublican.com||Run by Devin Nunes’ political campaign.|

|Descobrindo As Verdades|descobrindoasverdades.blogspot.com||Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.|

|Duboka Voda|dubokavoda.com||Partisan false fact-checking site in Croatia, per the Poynter Institute.|

FactCheckArmenia.com>Fact Check Armenia|factcheckarmenia.com|

Armenian genocide denial>denies the historical facts of the Armenian genocide.

DATE=2017-05-31

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/FACT-CHECKING/2017/THESE-FAKE-FACT-CHECKERS-ARE-PEDDLING-LIES-ABOUT-GENOCIDE-AND-CENSORSHIP-IN-TURKEY/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-04-17

WEBSITE=POYNTER INSTITUTE

DATE=2020

URL=HTTPS://DC.LAW.UTAH.EDU/ULR/VOL2020/ISS4/5/

VOLUME=2020

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200919064244/HTTPS://DC.LAW.UTAH.EDU/ULR/VOL2020/ISS4/5/, 2020-09-19,

|Fact-Checking Turkey|factcheckingturkey.com||Operated by PR company Bosphorus Global and counters criticism of Turkey in foreign media. It treats statements by Turkish government officials as arbiters of the truth.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITICO.EU/ARTICLE/TURKEY-FACT-CHECKERS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-12-01

WEBSITE=POLITICO

DATE=2017-02-15

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/MEDIA/2017/FEB/15/FACT-CHECKERS-ARE-WEAPONS-IN-THE-POST-TRUTH-WARS-BUT-THEYRE-NOT-ALL-ON-ONE-SIDE

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-02-01

WORK=THE GUARDIAN

ISSN=0261-3077,

|Faktiskt.eu|Faktiskt.eu||Spoof of Swedish fact-checking organization Faktiskt.

DATE=2018-07-27

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POYNTER.ORG/FACT-CHECKING/2018/WHEN-FACT-CHECKERS-ARE-THE-SUBJECTS-OF-MISINFORMATION/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-30

WEBSITE=POYNTER, en-US,

|India News Network|indianewsnetwork.com||Same owner as India Vs Disinformation.|

|India Vs Disinformation|indiavsdisinformation.com|

DATE=2021-07-25

WORK=THE NEW YORK TIMES

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-30

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-11-02,

TITLE=BOGUS FACT-CHECKING SITE AMPLIFIED BY DOZENS OF INDIAN EMBASSIES ON SOCIAL MEDIA

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230331205407/HTTP://MEDIUM.COM/DFRLAB/BOGUS-FACT-CHECKING-SITE-AMPLIFIED-BY-DOZENS-OF-INDIAN-EMBASSIES-ON-SOCIAL-MEDIA-7B4B31004699

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-30

LANGUAGE=EN,

|Jigyasa Online|jigyasaonline.org||Same owner as India Vs Disinformation.|

|Middle East Guardians|meguardians.com||Published false fact-check about Jamal Khashoggi.

DATE=2018-10-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/ISHMAELDARO/SAUDI-MEDIA-JAMAL-KHASHOGGI-CONSPIRACY-THEORIES

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-10-25

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS, en,

|NotÃcias Brasil Online|noticiasbrasilonline.com.br||Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.|

|O Detetive|odetetive.com|

Attempted assassination of Jair Bolsonaro>2018 attack on Jair Bolsonaro.

URL=HTTPS://MURAL.TRE-RS.JUS.BR/PUBLICACOES/2375

ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-07-13

WEBSITE=SUPERIOR ELECTORAL COURT,

OpIndia}}OpIndia|opindia.com||OpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020.

URL=HTTPS://IFCNCODEOFPRINCIPLES.POYNTER.ORG/APPLICATION/PUBLIC/OPINDIACOM/EED18C9F-C8B2-258A-BB43-7E90FA57C26C

ARCHIVE-DATE=2019-03-10

DATE=18 JULY 2020

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NEWSLAUNDRY.COM/2020/06/23/OPINDIA-HATE-SPEECH-VANISHING-ADVERTISERS-AND-AN-UNDISCLOSED-BJP-CONNECTION

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20211217205447/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSLAUNDRY.COM/2020/06/23/OPINDIA-HATE-SPEECH-VANISHING-ADVERTISERS-AND-AN-UNDISCLOSED-BJP-CONNECTION

ACCESS-DATE=27 JUNE 2020, Newslaundry,

|Pensa Brasil|pensabrasil.com||Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.|

|PlantÃ£o Brasil|plantaobrasil.net||Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos.com.|

|Shayeaat|shayeaat.ir||Partisan false fact-checking site in Iran, per the Poynter Institute.|

|VÃ¸x|voxnews.info|

Vox Media>Vox, the American news site.|

|War on Fakes|waronfakes.com||A Russian website that promotes Russian propaganda and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

DATE=2022-03-09

URL=HTTPS://WWW.DW.COM/EN/UKRAINE-WAR-HOW-A-FACT-CHECKING-WEBSITE-IS-SPREADING-RUSSIAN-PROPAGANDA/A-61062940

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-11-13

WEBSITE=DEUTSCHE WELLE

DATE=2022-08-08

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/ARTICLE/2022/AUG/08/HOW-WAR-FAKES-USES-FACT-CHECKING-SPREAD-PRO-RUSSIA/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-10

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT, en-US,

Generative AI

As of April 2024, NewsGuard has tracked at least 790 news/information websites automatically generated by machine learning models that span 16 languages.WEB, Tracking AI-enabled Misinformation: 790 ‘Unreliable AI-Generated News’ Websites (and Counting), Plus the Top False Narratives Generated by Artificial Intelligence Tools,www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/ai-tracking-center,web.archive.org/web/20240408093652/https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/ai-tracking-center/, 2024-04-08, 2024-04-17, NewsGuard, en-US, {| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|AlaskaCommons.com|AlaskaCommons.com||

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231206055052/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/MISINFORMATION-MONITOR/JUNE-2023/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-14

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|BestBudgetUSA.com|BestBudgetUSA.com||

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/SPECIAL-REPORTS/NEWSBOTS-AI-GENERATED-NEWS-WEBSITES-PROLIFERATING

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-07

WEBSITE=NEWSGUARD, en-US,

|Biz Breaking News|bizbreakingnews.com|

The Financial Times and Fortune (magazine)>Fortune.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BLOOMBERG.COM/NEWS/ARTICLES/2023-05-01/AI-CHATBOTS-HAVE-BEEN-USED-TO-CREATE-DOZENS-OF-NEWS-CONTENT-FARMS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-01

WORK=BLOOMBERG.COM, en,

BNN Breaking|bnnbreaking.com

REGIMBAL >FIRST=ALEC

TITLE=’FAKE NEWS’ SITE PUBLISHES MORE FALSE STORIES ABOUT SAN FRANCISCO SUPERVISOR DEAN PRESTON

ACCESS-DATE=MARCH 6, 2024, SFGate,

|bnn.network

|Boluno.com|Boluno.com||

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231013173221/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/SPECIAL-REPORTS/EXCLUSIVE-NEWSGUARD-UNCOVERS-NETWORK-OF-ITALIAN-LANGUAGE-UNRELIABLE-AI-GENERATED-SITES/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-14

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|bosase.com|bosase.com|||

|Buckeye State Press|buckeyestatepress.com||Created by a journalist to demonstrate the ease of building generative AI-based political news sites.

DATE=2024-04-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WSJ.COM/POLITICS/HOW-I-BUILT-AN-AI-POWERED-SELF-RUNNING-PROPAGANDA-MACHINE-FOR-105-E9888705

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-14

WORK=THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, en-US,

|Celeb Jihad|celebjihad.com|

DATE=2017-08-24

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/CELEBRITY-NUDE-PHOTO-HACK-MYSTERIOUS-POSTER-OF-STOLEN-A-LIST-IMAGES-SPEAKS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-02-05

WORK=THE DAILY BEAST

Deepfake pornography>Generative AI.

DATE=2018

URL=HTTPS://MUSE.JHU.EDU/PUB/120/ARTICLE/697037

VOLUME=56

PAGES=69â€“82

ISSN=2153-6856

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-03-31, SMITH >FIRST=RYAN

TITLE=THE VIOLATION OF TAYLOR SWIFT

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240406232621/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSWEEK.COM/TAYLOR-SWIFT-AI-PORNOGRAPHY-DEEPFAKE-PHOTOS-TWITTER-X-1864445

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-17

NEWSWEEK >LANGUAGE=EN, ROSS >FIRST=MARTHA

TITLE=MEGHAN MARKLE, THE LATEST FEMALE CELEBRITY TO DEAL WITH REAL OR FAKE NUDE PHOTOS POSTED ONLINE

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220724011033/HTTPS://WWW.MERCURYNEWS.COM/2018/03/16/MEGHAN-MARKLE-THE-LATEST-FEMALE-CELEBRITY-TO-DEAL-WITH-REAL-OR-FAKE-NUDE-PHOTOS-POSTED-ONLINE/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-17

THE MERCURY NEWS >LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|celebritiesdeaths.com|celebritiesdeaths.com||

DATE=2023-05-08

LANGUAGE=EN-GB

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2023/MAY/08/AI-GENERATED-NEWS-WEBSITES-STUDY

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231211115804/HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2023/MAY/08/AI-GENERATED-NEWS-WEBSITES-STUDY

ISSN=0261-3077,

|CountyLocalNews.com|CountyLocalNews.com|||

|Daily Business Post||||

|DailyHeadliner.com|DailyHeadliner.com||

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230826120750/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/MISINFORMATION-MONITOR/AUGUST-2023/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-14

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|Daily Time Update||||

|Famadillo.com|Famadillo.com|||

|FilthyLucre.com|FilthyLucre.com|||

|FoodingWorld.com|FoodingWorld.com|||

|Getintoknowledge.com|Getintoknowledge.com|||

|globalvillagespace.com|globalvillagespace.com|||

|HistoryFact.in|HistoryFact.in|||

|iBusiness Day||||

|Ireland Top News|irelandtopnews.com||

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231028034357/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/PRESS/NEWSGUARD-NOW-IDENTIFIES-125-NEWS-AND-INFORMATION-WEBSITES-GENERATED-BY-AI-DEVELOPS-FRAMEWORK-FOR-DEFINING-UNRELIABLE-AI-GENERATED-NEWS-AND-INFORMATION-SOURCES/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-14

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|L’Observatoire de l’Europe|observatoiredeleurope.com||Accused of automatically plagiarizing stories from Euronews.

TITLE=NEWSGUARD’S REALITY CHECK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240408035415/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDREALITYCHECK.COM/P/PINK-SLIME-TIME-ELECTION-YEAR-LAUNCHES

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-17

NEWSGUARD >LANGUAGE=EN,

|LiverPoolDigest.co.uk|LiverPoolDigest.co.uk|||

|Lunumi.com|Lunumi.com|||

|Medical Outline|medicaloutline.com|||

|NewsGPT|newsgpt.ai||

DATE=2023-03-03

URL=HTTPS://FUTURISM.COM/NEWS-SITE-COMPLETELY-GENERATED-AI

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-30

WEBSITE=FUTURISM,

|News Live 79||||

|News You Can’t Use|newsyoucantuse.com||

DATE=2020-03-04

URL=HTTPS://WWW.VOX.COM/RECODE/2020/3/4/21163743/AI-LANGUAGE-GENERATION-FAKE-TEXT-GPT2

ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-03-04

WEBSITE=VOX, en,

|NoticiasDeEmprego.com.br|NoticiasDeEmprego.com.br|||

|NotRealNews.net|NotRealNews.net||

DATE=2020-02-13

URL=HTTPS://FUTURISM.COM/SITE-AI-GENERATE-FAKE-NEWS-ARTICLES

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-06

WEBSITE=FUTURISM,

|Roadan.com|Roadan.com|||

|Scoop Earth|ScoopEarth.com|||

|setolu.com|setolu.com|||

|Time.news|Time.news|||

|TnewsNetwork.com|TnewsNetwork.com|||

|TopGolf.kr|TopGolf.kr|||

|topnews67.com|topnews67.com||Accused of plagiarizing story from The Last Line of Defense, possibly via ChatGPT.

URL=HTTPS://LEADSTORIES.COM/ANALYSIS/2023/05/USING-CHATGPT-TO-FIND-FALSE-STORY-PLAGIARIZED-WITH-CHATGPT.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-11-27

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

|TopStories.com.ng|TopStories.com.ng|||

|vatolu.com|vatolu.com|||

|Walli.us|Walli.us|||

|WaveFunction.info|WaveFunction.info|||

|WhatsNew2Day.com|WhatsNew2Day.com|||

|World-Today-News.com|World-Today-News.com|||

|Worldtimetodays.com|worldtimetodays.com|

Distractify and Heavy (website)>Heavy.com.

DATE=2024-01-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.404MEDIA.CO/GOOGLE-NEWS-IS-BOOSTING-GARBAGE-AI-GENERATED-ARTICLES/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-11

WEBSITE=404 MEDIA, en,

Hate groups

The following table lists websites that have been both considered by fact-checkers as distributing false news and are run by organizations that have been designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups.{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|banned.video|banned.video||Sister site of InfoWars.Warned by the US Food and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for “claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.”

SUBJECT=RE: UNAPPROVED AND MISBRANDED PRODUCTS RELATED TO CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)

AUTHOR=FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

TITLE=POLITIFACT - A VIDEO THAT ORIGINATED ON INFOWARS IS FILLED WITH FALSEHOODS ABOUT COVID-19 VACCINES

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230825102159/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2021/NOV/17/TIKTOK-POSTS/VIDEO-ORIGINATED-INFOWARS-FILLED-FALSEHOODS-ABOUT-/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-22

POLITIFACT >LANGUAGE=EN-US, >DATE=2020-04-21

URL=HTTPS://MEDIUM.COM/DFRLAB/INFOWARS-RESURRECTED-HOW-THE-CONSPIRACY-SITE-EVADED-A-CROSS-PLATFORM-BAN-F19F971F69A2

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-07-14

WEBSITE=DIGITAL FORENSIC RESEARCH LAB, en,

|Bare Naked Islam|barenakedislam.com||

DATE=2016-08-25

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/TENNESSEE-SCHOOLCHILDREN-ISLAM/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2021-12-02

WEBSITE=SNOPES

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231122071659/HTTPS://WWW.SPLCENTER.ORG/FIGHTING-HATE/INTELLIGENCE-REPORT/2015/ACTIVE-ANTI-MUSLIM-GROUPS

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-18

LANGUAGE=EN,

|Brighteon|Brighteon.com||Sister site of Natural News.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/TECH/TECH-NEWS/TROLL-FARMS-MACEDONIA-PHILIPPINES-PUSHED-CORONAVIRUS-DISINFORMATION-FACEBOOK-N1218376

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-10

WEBSITE=NBC NEWS, en,

|The Daily Stormer|DailyStormer.com||Per PolitiFact.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230328031923/HTTPS://WWW.SPLCENTER.ORG/FIGHTING-HATE/INTELLIGENCE-REPORT/2015/2015-ACTIVE-WHITE-NATIONALIST-GROUPS

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-18

LANGUAGE=EN,

Pamela Geller>Geller Report|Gellerreport.com||Registered through Pamela Geller’s organization, the American Freedom Defense Initiative.|

|HoggWatch|hoggwatch.com||Setup by Natural News founders to publish attacks against Parkland high school shooting survivors.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/TECH/INTERNET/MAINSTREAM-PUNDITS-APOLOGIZE-FRINGE-SITES-CASH-ATTACKING-PARKLAND-TEENS-N862191

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-16

WEBSITE=NBC NEWS

DATE=2018-04-16

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/NEWS/2018/04/16/NATURAL-NEWS-CREATOR-SITE-PARKLAND-SURVIVOR/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-14

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|InfoWars|infowars.com|

Alex Jones. Has claimed that millions of people have voted illegally in the 2016 presidential election, that the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting was a hoax, that the Boston Marathon bombing was a false flag attack, and that the Democratic Party Pizzagate (conspiracy theory)>was hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant.

DATE=4 DECEMBER 2016

URL=HTTP://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/ARTICLES/2016/12/04/FAKE-NEWS-DELIVERS-REAL-GUNMAN-TO-PIZZERIA-CAUGHT-UP-IN-ALT-RIGHT-FAKE-NEWS.HTML

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20161211223215/HTTP://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/ARTICLES/2016/12/04/FAKE-NEWS-DELIVERS-REAL-GUNMAN-TO-PIZZERIA-CAUGHT-UP-IN-ALT-RIGHT-FAKE-NEWS.HTML

ACCESS-DATE=12 DECEMBER 2016

DATE=9 DECEMBER 2016

WORK=THE WASHINGTON TIMES

URL-STATUS=LIVE

|Natural News|naturalnews.com|

dietary supplements, promotion of alternative medicine, controversial nutrition and health claims, and various conspiracy theory>conspiracy theories, such as “chemtrails”, chemophobia

claims (including the purported dangers of Water fluoridation controversy>fluoride in drinking water, Deodorant#Deodorant antiperspirant

, laundry detergent, monosodium glutamate, aspartame), and anti-vaccination movement>purported health problems caused by allegedly “toxic” ingredients in vaccines, including the now-discredited link to autism.

AUTHOR-LINK=STEVEN NOVELLA

TITLE=H1N1 VACCINE AND MISCARRIAGES â€“ MORE FEAR MONGERING

URL-STATUS=LIVE

ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-12-23

WORK=NEUROLOGICA

NEW ENGLAND SKEPTICAL SOCIETY >TYPE=BLOG, PEARCE >FIRST=MATT

TITLE=CONSPIRACY THEORISTS HARASSING, IMPERSONATING AURORA VICTIMS

LOS ANGELES TIMES >URL=HTTPS://WWW.LATIMES.COM/NEWS/NATION/NATIONNOW/LA-NA-NN-AURORA-VICTIMS-CONSPIRACY-20130207,0,5313001.STORY

ACCESS-DATE=2013-10-25

ARCHIVE-DATE=2013-05-24, NOVELLA >FIRST=STEVEN

DATE=2010-01-25

URL=HTTP://THENESS.COM/NEUROLOGICABLOG/INDEX.PHP/MIKE-ADAMS-TAKES-ON-SKEPTICS/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20161206115221/HTTP://THENESS.COM/NEUROLOGICABLOG/INDEX.PHP/MIKE-ADAMS-TAKES-ON-SKEPTICS/

ACCESS-DATE=2016-11-26

PUBLISHER=NEW ENGLAND SKEPTICAL SOCIETY

DATE=2011-10-27

URL=HTTP://SCIENCEBLOGS.COM/INSOLENCE/2011/10/27/MIKE-ADAMS-VS-THE-FLU-VACCINE/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20140311092831/HTTP://SCIENCEBLOGS.COM/INSOLENCE/2011/10/27/MIKE-ADAMS-VS-THE-FLU-VACCINE/

ACCESS-DATE=2014-03-11

PUBLISHER=SCIENCEBLOGS,

|NewsTarget|newstarget.com||Sister site of Natural News.|

|Next News Network|nextnewsnetwork.com|

RT (TV network)>RT and Sputnik.

DATE=2018-02-02

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2018/FEB/02/HOW-YOUTUBES-ALGORITHM-DISTORTS-TRUTH

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200407024503/HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2018/FEB/02/HOW-YOUTUBES-ALGORITHM-DISTORTS-TRUTH

ACCESS-DATE=2020-04-11

LANGUAGE=EN-GB

DATE=2016-11-24

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/BUSINESS/ECONOMY/RUSSIAN-PROPAGANDA-EFFORT-HELPED-SPREAD-FAKE-NEWS-DURING-ELECTION-EXPERTS-SAY/2016/11/24/793903B6-8A40-4CA9-B712-716AF66098FE_STORY.HTML

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200404191413/HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/BUSINESS/ECONOMY/RUSSIAN-PROPAGANDA-EFFORT-HELPED-SPREAD-FAKE-NEWS-DURING-ELECTION-EXPERTS-SAY/2016/11/24/793903B6-8A40-4CA9-B712-716AF66098FE_STORY.HTML

ACCESS-DATE=2020-04-11

LANGUAGE=EN-US

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230622064809/HTTPS://WWW.SPLCENTER.ORG/FIGHTING-HATE/EXTREMIST-FILES/IDEOLOGY/ANTIGOVERNMENT-GENERAL

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-27

SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER >LANGUAGE=EN, PALMA >FIRST=BETHANIA

TITLE=WAS THE MAYOR OF SAN JUAN ARRESTED FOR MISUSE OF DISASTER FUNDS?

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230330212241/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/SAN-JUAN-MAYOR-MISUSE/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-27

LANGUAGE=EN,

|PrisonPlanet|prisonplanet.com||Sister site of InfoWars.

DATE=2016-10-28

LANGUAGE=EN

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/ARTICLES/2016/10/28/THE-MAN-WHO-DUPED-TRUMPKINS-FOX-NEWS, 2023-12-11,

|Red Ice|RedIce.tv||

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3469931-OLD-NETWORK-OF-ANTI-ISLAM-FAKE-NEWS-WEBSITES-TURNS-TO-TWITTER-TROLLING.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-23

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES

DATE=SPRING 2019

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SPLCENTER.ORG/SITES/DEFAULT/FILES/INTELLIGENCE_REPORT_166.PDF

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-03

WEBSITE=SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER, 796223066,

|TruNews|trunews.com||

LAST2=JOSEPH

LAST3=FRIEDLAND

LAST4=SWIRE-THOMPSON

LAST5=LAZER

DATE=2019-01-25

JOURNAL=SCIENCE

VOLUME=363

PAGES=374â€“378

PMID=30679368

S2CID=59248491

DOI-ACCESS=FREE, GUESS >FIRST1=ANDY

FIRST2=KEVIN

FIRST3=JOSHUA

FIRST4=RICHARD

FIRST5=JONATHAN

TITLE=CRACKING OPEN THE NEWS FEED: EXPLORING WHAT U.S. FACEBOOK USERS SEE AND SHARE WITH LARGE-SCALE PLATFORM DATA

JOURNAL=JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION: DIGITAL MEDIA

VOLUME=1

S2CID=236598470

DOI-ACCESS=FREE

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-02

URL-STATUS=LIVE,

|WorldNetDaily|wnd.com|

Barack Obama Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories>was not born in the United States.

LAST2=BOR

LAST3=VAHLSTRUP

LAST4=BECHMANN

LAST5=PETERSEN

DATE=MAY 7, 2021

URL=HTTPS://DATAVERSE.HARVARD.EDU/FILE.XHTML?FILEID=4491271&VERSION=1.0

AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW>LANGUAGE=EN

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS>VOLUME=115

PAGES=999â€“1015

S2CID=235527523

ACCESS-DATE=AUGUST 23, 2021

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210822100753/HTTPS://DATAVERSE.HARVARD.EDU/FILE.XHTML?FILEID=4491271&VERSION=1.0

LAST2=LAZER

LAST3=ROBERTSON

LAST4=WILSON

DATE=2020-06-02

URL=HTTPS://MISINFOREVIEW.HKS.HARVARD.EDU/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/06/MISINFORMATION-IN-ACTION-OGNYANOVA-ET-AL-2020.PDF

HARVARD KENNEDY SCHOOL MISINFORMATION REVIEW>LANGUAGE=EN-US

SHORENSTEIN CENTER>VOLUME=1

DOI=10.37016/MR-2020-024

ACCESS-DATE=2021-08-23

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210320192323/HTTPS://MISINFOREVIEW.HKS.HARVARD.EDU/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/06/MISINFORMATION-IN-ACTION-OGNYANOVA-ET-AL-2020.PDF

DATE=2017-03-16

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SFWEEKLY.COM/NEWS/SUCKAFREECITY/THE-INSIDE-DOPE-ON-JEAN-QUANS-POT-CLUB/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20221008131523/HTTPS://WWW.SFWEEKLY.COM/NEWS/SUCKAFREECITY/THE-INSIDE-DOPE-ON-JEAN-QUANS-POT-CLUB/

ACCESS-DATE=2022-10-02

SF WEEKLY >LANGUAGE=EN-US, As of press time, the homepage of their website lists links to right-wing fake news sites like WorldNetDaily...,

Pseudoscience and junk science

The following is a list of websites that have been characterized by journalists and researchers as promoting pseudoscience or junk science.{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|ancient-code.com|ancient-code.com|||

|Children’s Health Defense|childrenshealthdefense.org|

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/NEWS/US-NEWS/SOCIAL-MEDIA-HOSTED-LOT-FAKE-HEALTH-NEWS-YEAR-HERE-S-N1107466

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-14

WEBSITE=NBC NEWS

anti-vaccine film) that was marketed towards Black Americans. One of its participants, a medical history professor, felt that she had been “used” as part of “an advocacy piece for anti-vaxxers.“2021-06-08 >TITLE=AN ANTI-VACCINE FILM TARGETED TO BLACK AMERICANS SPREADS FALSE INFORMATION

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240509000313/HTTPS://WWW.NPR.ORG/SECTIONS/HEALTH-SHOTS/2021/06/08/1004214189/ANTI-VACCINE-FILM-TARGETED-TO-BLACK-AMERICANS-SPREADS-FALSE-INFORMATION

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-13

URL=HTTPS://COUNTERHATE.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2022/05/210324-THE-DISINFORMATION-DOZEN.PDF

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-11

WEBSITE=CENTER FOR COUNTERING DIGITAL HATE, Banned by Facebook and Instagram in 2022 for repeatedly spreading medical misinformation.

DATE=2020-08-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEVERGE.COM/2020/8/18/21373530/ROBERT-KENNEDY-CHILDRENS-HEALTH-DEFENSE-FACEBOOK-ZUCKERBERG-FACT-CHECKING-LAWSUIT

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-01

WEBSITE=THE VERGE

URL=HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/ANTI-VACCINATION-ORGANIZATION-SPREADS-BASELESS-CLAIM-GLOBAL-HPV-VACCINATION-CAMPAIGN-MASS-CASUALTY-EVENT/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-02-22

WEBSITE=HEALTH FEEDBACK

url=https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/Fact-Check-Trump-DID-Sign-5G-Bill-But-Exposure-Effects-Are-Misleading.html

leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2020/03/Fact-Check-Trump-DID-Sign-5G-Bill-But-Exposure-Effects-Are-Misleading.html >archive-date=2023-12-05

website=Lead Stories

DATE=2022-08-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NYTIMES.COM/2022/08/18/TECHNOLOGY/FACEBOOK-INSTAGRAM-ROBERT-KENNEDY-JR-MISINFORMATION.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-10

WORK=THE NEW YORK TIMES

ISSN=0362-4331, 2023-06-06 >TITLE=WHAT VAERS CAN AND CAN’T DO, AND HOW ANTI-VACCINATION GROUPS HABITUALLY MISUSE ITS DATA

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240423195429/HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2023/06/SCICHECK-WHAT-VAERS-CAN-AND-CANT-DO-AND-HOW-ANTI-VACCINATION-GROUPS-HABITUALLY-MISUSE-ITS-DATA/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-13, FactCheck.org,

|Collective Evolution|collective-evolution.com||Spread misinformation about vaccines and COVID-19, and shared conspiracy theories about Mark Zuckerberg and airport body scanners.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230807034530/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/SPECIAL-REPORTS/COVID-19-MYTHS/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

NEWSGUARD >LANGUAGE=EN-US, CARRASCO-FARRÃ© >FIRST=CARLOS

TITLE=THE FINGERPRINTS OF MISINFORMATION: HOW DECEPTIVE CONTENT DIFFERS FROM RELIABLE SOURCES IN TERMS OF COGNITIVE EFFORT AND APPEAL TO EMOTIONS

LANGUAGE=EN

ISSUE=1

DOI=10.1057/S41599-022-01174-9

DOI-ACCESS=FREE, LYTVYNENKO >FIRST1=JANE

FIRST2=CRAIG

TITLE=THESE BIZARRE KAMALA HARRIS AND MARK ZUCKERBERG CONSPIRACY SITES ARE RUN BY A MONTESSORI SCHOOL OPERATOR

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230922191343/HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/JANELYTVYNENKO/KAMALA-HARRIS-AND-MARK-ZUCKERBERG-CONSPIRACY

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

BUZZFEED NEWS >LANGUAGE=EN, KASPRAK >FIRST=ALEX

TITLE=DID A STUDY PROVE THAT AIRPORT SCANNERS ‘RIP APART’ YOUR DNA?

FACT-CHECK/DO-AIRPORT-SCANNERS-RIP-APART-DNA/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240510171122/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/DO-AIRPORT-SCANNERS-RIP-APART-DNA/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN,

|collectivelyconscious.net|collectivelyconscious.net|||

|dineal.com|dineal.com||

URL=HTTPS://WWW.HUFFPOST.COM/ENTRY/BERNIE-SANDERS-FAKE-NEWS-RUSSIA_N_58C34D97E4B0ED71826CDB36

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-18

WEBSITE=HUFFPOST

LAST2=GOLBECK

LAST3=AUXIER

LAST4=GIRUM ASSEFA

TITLE=ANALYZING A FAKE NEWS AUTHORSHIP NETWORK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231229174805/HTTPS://WEB.STANFORD.EDU/~MATTM401/DOCS/2019-BUNTAIN-ICONF-ANALYZINGAFAKENEWSAUTHORSHIPNETWORK-ABSTRACT.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-13, GUESS >FIRST1=ANDREW

FIRST2=BRENDAN

FIRST3=JASON

URL=HTTP://WWW.DARTMOUTH.EDU/~NYHAN/FAKE-NEWS-2016.PDF

ARCHIVE-DATE=2018-01-02, 2024-05-13,

|EWAO (Earth. We Are One)|ewao.com||Published false claim that images of a mountain formation in Antartica is evidence of an ancient civilization.

DATE=2017-08-24

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/ENORMOUS-PYRAMIDS-JUST-DISCOVERED-IN-ANTARCTICA/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-09

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|Feature Remedies|featureremedies.com||Falsely claimed that ginger is a more effective cancer treatment than chemotherapy.

URL=HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/CLAIM-THAT-GINGER-IS-MORE-EFFECTIVE-THAN-CHEMOTHERAPY-FOR-CANCER-TREATMENT-IS-UNSUPPORTED/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-02-13

WEBSITE=HEALTH FEEDBACK

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3470871-FAKE-NEWS-STUDY-DOES-NOT-FIND-GINGER-10,000X-MORE-EFFECTIVE-AT-KILLING-CANCER-THAN-CHEMO.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-26

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

Vani Hari>Food Babe|foodbabe.com|

chemophobia and “misinformation and fear-mongering about food ingredients.“2014-12-08

URL=HTTPS://SCIENCEBASEDMEDICINE.ORG/VANI-HARI-A-K-A-THE-FOOD-BABE-FINALLY-RESPONDS-TO-CRITICS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-07-19

WEBSITE=SCIENCE-BASED MEDICINE, en-US, NPR notes that a revenue stream is based on affiliate marketing partnerships with organic and non-GMO food brands. Alleged collusion between Monsanto and the Food and Drug Administration over cancelling a program to monitor glyphosate in food, which Snopes has deemed as false.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NPR.ORG/SECTIONS/THESALT/2014/12/04/364745790/FOOD-BABE-OR-FEAR-BABE-AS-ACTIVIST-S-PROFILE-GROWS-SO-DO-HER-CRITICS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-26

WEBSITE=NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO, KASPRAK >FIRST=ALEX

TITLE=IS MONSANTO SUPPRESSING EVIDENCE OF A CANCEROUS HERBICIDE IN FOOD?

FACT-CHECK/MONSANTO-SUPPRESSING-EVIDENCE-OF-CANCEROUS-HERBICIDE-IN-FOOD/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240401232200/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/MONSANTO-SUPPRESSING-EVIDENCE-OF-CANCEROUS-HERBICIDE-IN-FOOD/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-14

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN,

|Galactic Connection|galacticconnection.com||Published an article claiming the existence of aliens was disclosed by Russia after a joke made by then-Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.

DATE=2012-12-11

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SALON.COM/2012/12/10/5_SIGNS_THE_UFO_COMMUNITY_CANT_TAKE_A_JOKE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-02-05

WEBSITE=SALON, en,

|Geoengineering Watch|geoengineeringwatch.org||Published video claiming the existence of solar geoengineering and chemtrails, which Climate Feedback deemed as incorrect. The site owner filed a lawsuit against one of the scientist reviewers, claiming that the fact-check limited the video’s reach on social media. The lawsuit was dismissed, with plans to appeal as of September 2022.

URL=HTTPS://CLIMATEFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/SOLAR-GEOENGINEERING-ISNT-HAPPENING-OR-DAMAGING-THE-PLANET-AIRCRAFT-CONTRAILS-ARE-FORMED-BY-WATER-VAPOR-NOT-CHEMICALS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-24

WEBSITE=CLIMATE FEEDBACK

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BLOOMBERG.COM/NEWS/ARTICLES/2022-09-19/CLIMATE-FACT-CHECKERS-HIT-WITH-LAWSUITS-FOIAS-FOR-CHALLENGING-DUBIOUS-CLAIMS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-01-08

WEBSITE=BLOOMBERG.COM, CAIRNS >FIRST=ROSE

TITLE=CLIMATES OF SUSPICION: ‘CHEMTRAIL’ CONSPIRACY NARRATIVES AND THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF GEOENGINEERING

JOURNAL=THE GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL

VOLUME=182

PAGES=70â€“84

BIBCODE=2016GEOGJ.182...70C, 0016-7398,

Goop (company)>Goop|goop.com|

Truth in Advertising of violating a court settlement to stop spreading false medical claims about Goop products. Criticized by Simon Stevens, the then-Chief Executive of NHS England, for promoting products and procedures that he described as monetarily wasteful or “carrying considerable risks to health”.BOSELEY

DATE=2020-01-30

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/LIFEANDSTYLE/2020/JAN/30/NHS-CHIEF-SIMON-STEVENS-CONDEMNS-GWYNETH-PALTROW-WELLNESS-PRODUCTS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-20

WORK=THE GUARDIAN

ISSN=0261-3077, Sells many of the same wellness products as Infowars.

DATE=2020-02-03

URL=HTTPS://ARSTECHNICA.COM/SCIENCE/2020/02/GOOP-VIOLATING-COURT-ORDER-WITH-YET-MORE-BOGUS-HEALTH-CLAIMS-WATCHDOG-SAYS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-24

WEBSITE=ARS TECHNICA

DATE=2017-06-29

URL=HTTPS://QZ.COM/1010684/ALL-THE-WELLNESS-PRODUCTS-AMERICAN-LOVE-TO-BUY-ARE-SOLD-ON-BOTH-INFOWARS-AND-GOOP

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-12

WEBSITE=QUARTZ, en,

Sayer Ji>GreenMedInfo|greenmedinfo.com|

Sayer Ji, who has been cited by the Center for Countering Digital Hate as one of the “Disinformation Dozen” for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media. Removed from Pinterest in 2019, which Snopes concluded was likely due to the site’s promotion of health misinformation. Spread false claims about COVID-19 vaccines. Includes a search engine that McGill University describes as “biased toward scientific papers that claim natural food and alternative medicine can prevent and heal diseases.“POPULAR HEALTH GURU SAYER JI CURATES THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE WITH HIS BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN PHILOSOPHY

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240418032543/HTTPS://WWW.MCGILL.CA/OSS/ARTICLE/PSEUDOSCIENCE/POPULAR-HEALTH-GURU-SAYER-JI-CURATES-SCIENTIFIC-LITERATURE-HIS-BACHELORS-DEGREE-PHILOSOPHY

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-14

MCGILL UNIVERSITY >LANGUAGE=EN, Claims without evidence that marijuana is a cure for cancer.

DATE=2018-12-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//NEWS/2018/12/18/PINTEREST-REMOVES-THREE-PROMINENT-NATURAL-HEALTH-PAGES-FOR-PEDDLING-HEALTH-MISINFORMATION/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-29

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2020-12-09

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2020/DEC/09/BLOG-POSTING/ALTERNATIVE-HEALTH-WEBSITE-SPREADS-FALSE-CLAIM-ABO/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-11

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT

TITLE=THE YOGA WORLD IS RIDDLED WITH ANTI-VAXXERS AND QANON BELIEVERS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240405224946/HTTPS://WWW.WIRED.COM/STORY/YOGA-DISINFORMATION-QANON-CONSPIRACY-WELLNESS/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-14

LANGUAGE=EN-US

DATE=2021-01-06

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/WORLD/2021/JAN/06/FACEBOOK-INSTAGRAM-URGED-FIGHT-DELUGE-ANTI-COVID-VACCINE-FALSEHOODS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-05

WORK=THE GUARDIAN

ISSN=0261-3077, REPORTS SPREAD MISINFORMATION ON PFIZER VACCINE TRIAL DEATHS >URL=HTTPS://WWW.AAP.COM.AU/FACTCHECK/REPORTS-SPREAD-MISINFORMATION-ON-PFIZER-VACCINE-TRIAL-DEATHS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-03-02

WEBSITE=AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATED PRESS, en,

Health Holistic Living|healthyholisticliving.com

Falsely claimed that ginger is a more effective cancer treatment than chemotherapy, that manuka honey is more effective than antibiotics, and that repeatedly boiling water is harmful. Cites peer-reviewed research to draw conclusions not supported by the works in question, such as citing four studies to claim that magnesium is an effective treatment for ADHD.

GREGORY >FIRST=JOHN

TITLE=HEALTH WEBSITES ARE NOTORIOUSLY MISLEADING. SO WE RATED THEIR RELIABILITY

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240408212318/HTTPS://WWW.STATNEWS.COM/2019/07/26/HEALTH-WEBSITES-ARE-NOTORIOUSLY-MISLEADING-SO-WE-RATED-THEIR-RELIABILITY/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-13

STAT (WEBSITE)>STAT

DATE=2017-10-20

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/IS-MANUKA-HONEY-BETTER-THAN-ALL-KNOWN-ANTIBIOTICS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-02

WEBSITE=SNOPES

LAST2=LACAPRIA

DATE=2015-11-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/NEVER-BOIL-WATER-TWICE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-06

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|healthy-holistic-living.com

|Health Impact News|healthimpactnews.com||Falsely linked deaths to flu vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines, and spread unproven cures for COVID-19.

TITLE=NO, COVID-19 VACCINES HAVEN’T CAUSED HIGHER VACCINE DEATHS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231002021635/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2021/APR/06/INSTAGRAM-POSTS/COVID-19-VACCINES-HAVE-NOT-LED-6000-INCREASE-PATIE/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

POLITIFACT >LANGUAGE=EN-US, KASPRAK >FIRST=ALEX

TITLE=DID 23 SENIORS DIE AFTER RECEIVING A FLU SHOT SOLD BY PHARMACIES?

FACT-CHECK/23-SENIORS-DIE-FROM-FLU-SHOT/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231207133222/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/23-SENIORS-DIE-FROM-FLU-SHOT/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN, 2021-02-12 >TITLE=VIDEO MAKES BOGUS CLAIMS ABOUT ‘WAR CRIMES’ AND COVID-19 VACCINE SAFETY

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231207170717/HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2021/02/SCICHECK-VIDEO-MAKES-BOGUS-CLAIMS-ABOUT-WAR-CRIMES-AND-COVID-19-VACCINE-SAFETY/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12

FACTCHECK.ORG, 2019-02-28

URL=HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/ARTICLE-CLAIMING-FLU-VACCINE-CAUSES-SERIOUS-ILLNESS-AND-DEATH-IS-MISLEADING-AND-INACCURATE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-31

WEBSITE=HEALTH FEEDBACK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230401040943/HTTPS://WWW.NIEMANLAB.ORG/2021/06/COVID-VACCINE-FACT-CHECKS-HAVE-A-PROBLEM-FEW-PEOPLE-ARE-CLICKING/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-12, Nieman Foundation for Journalism,

|Health Nut News|healthnutnews.com||Founded by Erin Elizabeth, who was cited by the Center for Countering Digital Hate as one of the “Disinformation Dozen” for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media. Removed from Pinterest in 2019, which Snopes concluded was likely due to the site’s promotion of health misinformation. Spread conspiracy theories falsely alleging that the deaths of doctors or alternative health practitioners were connected.

DATE=2017-04-04

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2017/APR/04/BLOG-POSTING/DOCTORS-DEATHS-WERE-NOT-CONNECTED-FAKE-NEWS-WEBSIT/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-21

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT

DATE=2017-05-03

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/HOLISTIC-DOCTOR-DEATH-CONSPIRACY/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-11-28

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2018-11-13

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/5G-CELLULAR-TEST-BIRDS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-04

WEBSITE=SNOPES

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3470423-FAKE-NEWS-EXPERTS-DO-NOT-SAY-KIDS-THAT-EAT-BOOGERS-ARE-HAPPIER-HEALTHIER-ADULTS.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-01

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES

DATE=2018-01-15

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/FLU-SHOT-LESS-EFFECTIVE-SEASON/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-02

WEBSITE=SNOPES

last=Gorski

title=Cancer Quackery and Fake News: Targeting the Most Vulnerable

work=Cancer and Society: A Multidisciplinary Assessment and Strategies for Action

editor-last=Bernicker

url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05855-5_7

place=Cham

language=en

isbn=978-3-030-05855-5}}2019-07-31 >TITLE=CLAIM THAT INGREDIENTS IN FLU VACCINE ARE KNOWN NEUROTOXINS FOUND TO BE INCORRECT

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220721123152/HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/CLAIM-THAT-INGREDIENTS-IN-FLU-VACCINE-ARE-KNOWN-NEUROTOXINS-FOUND-TO-BE-INCORRECT-ERIN-ELIZABETH-HEALTH-NUT-NEWS/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|In5D|in5d.com|||

Institute for Creation Research>The Institute for Creation Research|icr.org|||

|Institute for Responsible Technology|responsibletechnology.org||Founded by Jeffrey M. Smith.

URL=HTTP://WWW.SLATE.COM/ARTICLES/HEALTH_AND_SCIENCE/SCIENCE/2015/07/ARE_GMOS_SAFE_YES_THE_CASE_AGAINST_THEM_IS_FULL_OF_FRAUD_LIES_AND_ERRORS.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-05-11

WEBSITE=SLATE MAGAZINE,

|Medical Kidnap|medicalkidnap.com||Spread false or unproven claims about cases involving Child protective services. Falsely framed COVID-19 vaccines as “experimental”. Part of the same network as Vaccine Impact and Health Impact News.

DATE=2016-06-17

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/ALABAMA-CPS-MEDICAL-KIDNAP/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-01

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2014-11-26

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/CHILD-DEFECTIVE-SERVICES/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-07

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|Mercola.com|mercola.com||Founded by Joseph Mercola, who was cited by the Center for Countering Digital Hate as one of the “Disinformation Dozen” for frequently sharing anti-vaccine misinformation on social media. Removed from Pinterest in 2019, which Snopes concluded was likely due to the site’s promotion of health misinformation.

LAST2=NYHAN

LAST3=O’KEEFFE

LAST4=REIFLER

DATE=NOVEMBER 2020

URL=HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2020.10.018

VOLUME=38

PAGES=7799â€“7805

ISSN=0264-410X

PMID=33164802

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-07-08,

|Natural Blaze|naturalblaze.com|||

|RealFarmacy|realfarmacy.com|

NewsGuard to have “promoted ineffective and potentially dangerous cancer treatments.“REALFARMACY.COM

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200414073046/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/03/REALFARMACY.COM-3-24-20.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15, NewsGuard,

DATE=2016-03-24

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/FDA-CLASSIFIED-WALNUTS-DRUGS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-08

WEBSITE=SNOPES

TITLE=LIBGUIDES: FAKE NEWS: WHAT IS FAKE NEWS?

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230923002704/HTTPS://LIBGUIDES.UCC.EDU/FAKE-NEWS/DEFINITIONS

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

UNION COLLEGE (NEW JERSEY)>UNION COLLEGE

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231218233538/HTTPS://NEWS.IU.EDU/LIVE/NEWS/24730-ASK-THE-EXPERT-SIX-TIPS-FOR-FIGHTING-FAKE-NEWS

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

INDIANA UNIVERSITY >LANGUAGE=EN, 2020-05-04 >TITLE=CORONAVIRUS: FAR-RIGHT SPREADS COVID-19 ‘INFODEMIC’ ON FACEBOOK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240301132136/HTTPS://WWW.BBC.CO.UK/NEWS/TECHNOLOGY-52490430

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

BBC NEWS >LANGUAGE=EN-GB, 2017-01-09 >TITLE=HOW DANGEROUS FAKE HEALTH NEWS CONQUERED FACEBOOK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240310191724/HTTPS://WWW.INDEPENDENT.CO.UK/TECH/FAKE-NEWS-HEALTH-FACEBOOK-CRUEL-DAMAGING-SOCIAL-MEDIA-MIKE-ADAMS-NATURAL-HEALTH-RANGER-CONSPIRACY-A7498201.HTML

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

LANGUAGE=EN, ALPERT >FIRST=LUKAS I.

TITLE=CORONAVIRUS MISINFORMATION SPREADS ON FACEBOOK, WATCHDOG SAYS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://ARCHIVE.PH/K88SJ

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL >LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|Riposte laique|ripostelaique.com||Spread false claim that the French government approved euthanasia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.20MINUTES.FR/HIGH-TECH/2936119-20201221-SITES-PUBLIE-PLUS-INTOX-CORONAVIRUS-FRANCE

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-08

WEBSITE=20 MINUTES (FRANCE)

>LANGUAGE=FR, THE COVID-19 “INFODEMIC” - A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE ONLINE CONVERSATION SURROUNDING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC >URL=HTTPS://PUBLIC-ASSETS.GRAPHIKA.COM/REPORTS/GRAPHIKA_REPORT_COVID19_INFODEMIC.PDF

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-26

WEBSITE=GRAPHIKA,

|Science Vibe|sciencevibe.com||Reposted satirical story from World News Daily Report and framed it as genuine news. Reposted hoax on assassination of Marilyn Monroe.

DATE=2019-08-02

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/5-METER-TALL-HUMAN-SKELETON/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-03

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2018-04-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2018/APR/12/SCIENCE-VIBE/RECYCLED-HOAX-FALSELY-CLAIM-CIA-AGENT-ADMITTED-KIL/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-02

WEBSITE=POLITIFACT

LAST2=PANIZZA

LAST3=MORISSEAU

LAST4=MATTAVELLI

LAST5=MARTINI

DATE=2024-01-25

URL=HTTPS://MISINFOREVIEW.HKS.HARVARD.EDU/ARTICLE/HOW-DIFFERENT-INCENTIVES-REDUCE-SCIENTIFIC-MISINFORMATION-ONLINE/

LANGUAGE=EN-US

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240316150007/HTTPS://MISINFOREVIEW.HKS.HARVARD.EDU/ARTICLE/HOW-DIFFERENT-INCENTIVES-REDUCE-SCIENTIFIC-MISINFORMATION-ONLINE/

DOI-ACCESS=FREE,

|Stop Mandatory Vaccination|stopmandatoryvaccination.com|

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/TECH/SOCIAL-MEDIA/HOW-ANTI-VAXXERS-TARGET-GRIEVING-MOMS-TURN-THEM-CRUSADERS-N1057566

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-28

WEBSITE=NBC NEWS, en, Censured by the Advertising Standards Authority in 2018 for distributing a Facebook ad targeted towards parents with misleading claims about vaccines.Accused by the Guardian of “[using] Facebook’s advertising tools to target their propaganda exclusively at women.“NEWS, Wong, Julia Carrie, 2019-02-01, How Facebook and YouTube help spread anti-vaxxer propaganda,www.theguardian.com/media/2019/feb/01/facebook-youtube-anti-vaccination-misinformation-social-media,web.archive.org/web/20240420114233/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/feb/01/facebook-youtube-anti-vaccination-misinformation-social-media, 2024-04-20, 2024-05-13, The Guardian, en-GB, 0261-3077, Publishes “accounts from parents who claim that a baby’s death was the result of a vaccination. Many of those viral articles have been debunked with official, medically supported explanations that include sudden infant death syndrome, pneumonia and accidental asphyxiation.“Misinformation from the group has resulted in at least one death: a child whose mother was urged by other group members not to give her son Tamiflu after he had a bout of the flu.Accounts associated with the site and its founder have been suspended from Facebook and Twitter in 2020 for promoting QAnon conspiracy theories. The founder’s YouTube channel was demonetized in 2019 due to “[promoting] anti-vaccination content”.WEB, O’Donovan, Caroline, 2019-02-22, YouTube Just Demonetized Anti-Vax Channels,www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolineodonovan/youtube-just-demonetized-anti-vax-channels,web.archive.org/web/20230526083408/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolineodonovan/youtube-just-demonetized-anti-vax-channels, 2023-05-26, 2024-05-13, BuzzFeed News, en, Ads to the site were also removed by Facebook in 2019 for violating Facebook’s policies on misinformation about vaccines. The founder’s Twitter account was reinstated in 2023.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NBCNEWS.COM/TECH/SOCIAL-MEDIA/FACEBOOK-ANTI-VAXXERS-PUSHED-MOM-NOT-GIVE-HER-SON-TAMIFLU-N1131936

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-04-29

WEBSITE=NBC NEWS

DATE=2023-06-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/BANNED-ANTI-VAX-MENACE-LARRY-PAGE-IS-BACK-ON-ELON-MUSKS-TWITTER-AND-SELLING-VACCINE-CURES

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-21

WORK=THE DAILY BEAST

DATE=2019-03-12

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/ANTI-VAX-AD-KING-LARRY-COOK-DETHRONED-AFTER-FACEBOOK-REMOVES-HIS-POSTS

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-02-11

WORK=THE DAILY BEAST

URL=HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/POPULAR-FACEBOOK-MEME-MISLEADINGLY-SUGGESTS-THAT-THE-MEASLES-VACCINE-CAUSED-2019-SAMOA-MEASLES-OUTBREAK/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-05-30

WEBSITE=HEALTH FEEDBACK, en-US,

|Technocracy News|technocracy.news||Spread misinformation about face masks with respect to COVID-19 as well as COVID-19 vaccinations. Falsely claimed that carbon dioxide is not a greenhouse gas. The site owner edits a health newsletter for Newsmax.

URL=HTTPS://CLIMATEFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/SIMPLE-MEASUREMENTS-DEMONSTRATE-THAT-CO2-IS-A-GREENHOUSE-GAS-TIM-BALL/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-25

WEBSITE=CLIMATE FEEDBACK

URL=HTTPS://HEALTHFEEDBACK.ORG/CLAIMREVIEW/NO-EVIDENCE-THAT-USING-A-FACE-MASK-HELPS-CORONAVIRUS-ENTER-THE-BRAIN-CONTRARY-TO-CLAIM-BY-RUSSELL-BLAYLOCK/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-17

WEBSITE=HEALTH FEEDBACK

URL=HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2022/10/SCICHECK-POSTS-DISTORT-MISLEADING-ANALYSIS-OF-COVID-19-VACCINE-SAFETY-DATA/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-05

WEBSITE=FACTCHECK.ORG, ONTARIO NURSE UNDER INVESTIGATION OVER ANTI-MASK, CONSPIRACY THEORY FACEBOOK POSTS >URL=HTTPS://GLOBALNEWS.CA/NEWS/7210573/ONTARIO-NURSE-CORONAVIRUS-CONSPIRACY-FACEBOOK-POSTS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-11-30

WEBSITE=GLOBAL NEWS, en-US,

|The Truth About Cancer|thetruthaboutcancer.com|

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240508034721/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDREALITYCHECK.COM/P/BEWARE-WEBSITES-WITH-TRUTH-IN-THEIR

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-13

NEWSGUARD >LANGUAGE=EN, |

|TruthKings|truthkings.com|

2008 United States presidential election>2008 US presidential election. Spread false information about vaccines. Reportedly owned by Sherri Tenpenny.

DATE=2016-03-18

URL=HTTPS://SCIENCEBLOGS.COM/INSOLENCE/2016/03/18/TRUTHKINGS-NOT-SO-TRUTHFUL-ABOUT-VACCINES

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-03

WEBSITE=SCIENCEBLOGS

URL=HTTPS://SCIENCEBASEDMEDICINE.ORG/THE-CLAIM-THAT-GARDASIL-CAUSES-PREMATURE-OVARIAN-FAILURE-IDEOLOGY-NOT-SCIENCE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-13

WEBSITE=SCIENCE-BASED MEDICINE

DATE=2016-01-20

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM//FACT-CHECK/PEDIATRICIANS-ASSOCIATION-ADMITS-HPV-VACCINE-CANCER-LINK/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-03

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2016-10-30

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM/TECHNOLOGY/2016/OCT/30/FACEBOOK-FAKE-NEWS-FACT-CHECK

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-14

WORK=THE GUARDIAN

ISSN=0261-3077,

|Vaccine Impact|vaccineimpact.com||Part of the same network as Medical Kidnap and Health Impact News.|

|The Waking Times|wakingtimes.com||Accused by the Global Disinformation Index of spreading disinformation on COVID-19 public policies.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240329042746/HTTPS://WWW.DISINFORMATIONINDEX.ORG/FILES/GDI_ADDECK_ADWEEKEUROPE_10-MAY.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-14, Global Disinformation Index,

Climate change denial

{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources

Chicks On The Right|chicksonright.com

Spread false claim about an upcoming “mini ice age”.2018-11-21 >TITLE=FALSE CLAIMS OF A COMING ICE AGE SPREAD THROUGH ECOSYSTEM OF UNRELIABLE NEWS SITES, BLOGS, AND SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240324053152/HTTPS://CLIMATEFEEDBACK.ORG/FALSE-CLAIMS-COMING-ICE-AGE-ECOSYSTEM-UNRELIABLE-NEWS-SITES-BLOGS-SOCIAL-MEDIA-ACCOUNTS/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

CLIMATE FEEDBACK >LANGUAGE=EN-US,

2020-08-12 >TITLE=FACT CHECK: KAMALA HARRIS SAID SHE BELIEVED WOMEN WHO SAID THEY FELT ‘UNCOMFORTABLE’ BY BIDEN TOUCHING -- NOT ‘RAPE ACCUSERS’

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231225103636/HTTPS://LEADSTORIES.COM/HOAX-ALERT/2020/08/FACT-CHECK-KAMALA-HARRIS-SAID-SHE-BELIEVES-WOMEN-WHO-SAID-THEY-FELT-UNCOMFORTABLE-BY-BIDEN’S-TOUCHING-NOT-RAPE-ACCCUSERS.HTML

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|chicksontheright.com

|Climate Intelligence Foundation (CLINTEL)|clintel.org||

DATE=2023-03-15

URL=HTTPS://WWW.ISDGLOBAL.ORG/DIGITAL_DISPATCHES/MAINSTREAMING-CLIMATE-SCEPTICISM-ANALYSING-THE-REACH-OF-FRINGE-WEBSITES-ON-TWITTER/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-04-29

WEBSITE=INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC DIALOGUE

URL=HTTPS://WWW.DISINFO.EU/PUBLICATIONS/DONT-STOP-ME-NOW-THE-GROWING-DISINFORMATION-THREAT-AGAINST-CLIMATE-CHANGE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-27

WEBSITE=EU DISINFOLAB, en-US,

|NoTricksZone|notrickszone.com|||

|Klimaat Feiten|klimaatfeiten.nl|||

|Climate Gate|climategate.nl|||

|Energy Talking Points|energytalkingpoints.com|||

|Global Warming Scare|globalwarmingscare.wordpress.com|||

|Climate Fraud|klima-schwindel.com|||

|Climate Skeptical|climat-sceptique.over-blog.com|||

|Climate Depot|climatedepot.com|||

|Climate Exit (CLEXIT)|clexit.net|||

|Climate Resistance|climate-resistance.org|||

|CO2 Coalition|co2coalition.org|||

|The Daily Sceptic|dailysceptic.org||Publishes anti-vaccine and climate change denial misinformation.

URL=HTTPS://FULLFACT.ORG/HEALTH/DAILY-SCEPTIC-PHE-OVER-40S/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-19

WEBSITE=FULL FACT, en,

|The Daily Wire|dailywire.com|

Snopes. Per the Daily Beast, Mike Adams (columnist)>Mike Adams would repeatedly post to the site “to attack and mock... students, staff, and faculty” at University of North Carolina Wilmington.HOFFMAN >FIRST=JENN

TITLE=UNC PROFESSOR ALLOWED TO HARASS LGBTQ STUDENTS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20210918094356/HTTPS://WWW.THEDAILYBEAST.COM/UNC-PROFESSOR-ALLOWED-TO-HARASS-LGBTQ-STUDENTS

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

LANGUAGE=EN, Identified by the Center for Countering Digital Hate as a major distributor of climate change denialism. In 2022, the Global Disinformation Index described the Daily Wire as having a high risk of disinformation due to “bias”, “sensational language” and “a high degree of sensational visuals”.2022-10-21 >TITLE=BRIEF: DISINFORMATION RISK IN THE UNITED STATES ONLINE MEDIA MARKET, OCTOBER 2022

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230529212707MP_/HTTPS://WWW.DISINFORMATIONINDEX.ORG/RESEARCH/2022-10-21-BRIEF-DISINFORMATION-RISK-IN-THE-UNITED-STATES-ONLINE-MEDIA-MARKET-OCTOBER-2022/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

GLOBAL DISINFORMATION INDEX >LANGUAGE=EN, Alongside Ken Paxton and The Federalist, filed a lawsuit in 2023 against the United States Department of State, partially as a result of this assessment by the GDI, alleging censorship of right-wing media and revenue loss.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20221215180708/HTTPS://COUNTERHATE.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2021/11/211101-TOXIC-TEN-REPORT-FINAL-V2.5.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-15

CENTER FOR COUNTERING DIGITAL HATE, 2023-12-06

URL=HTTPS://WWW.REUTERS.COM/LEGAL/GOVERNMENT/TEXAS-CLAIMS-US-STATE-DEPARTMENT-FUNDS-TECH-THAT-CENSORS-CONSERVATIVE-NEWS-2023-12-06/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-12-06

WEBSITE=REUTERS, EVON >FIRST=DAN

TITLE=FACT CHECK: DID BILL NYE SAY GENDER IS DETERMINED ‘BY YOUR CHROMOSOMES?’

FACT-CHECK/BILL-NYE-GENDER-CHROMOSOMES/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230202113552/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/BILL-NYE-GENDER-CHROMOSOMES/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN, MIKKELSON >FIRST=DAVID

FIRST2=KIM

TITLE=FACT CHECK: DID DEMOCRATS REFUSE TO STAND FOR A NAVY SEAL’S WIDOW?

FACT-CHECK/DEMOCRATS-STAND-SEAL-WIDOW/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240418013435/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/DEMOCRATS-STAND-SEAL-WIDOW/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

LANGUAGE=EN, LACAPRIA >FIRST=KIM

TITLE=FACT CHECK: IS HARVARD UNIVERSITY SEGREGATING GRADUATION CEREMONIES?

FACT-CHECK/HARVARD-SEGREGATED-GRADUATION/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20221220182623/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/HARVARD-SEGREGATED-GRADUATION/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN, MACGUILL >FIRST=DAN

TITLE=DID CALIFORNIA DA SAY LOOTING IS ‘OKAY’ IF SUSPECTS ‘NEED’ THE ITEMS?

FACT-CHECK/CALIFORNIA-DA-BECTON-LOOTING-NEED/ >ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS:WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231007234520/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/CALIFORNIA-DA-BECTON-LOOTING-NEED/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-05-16

SNOPES >LANGUAGE=EN,

|De Groene Rekenkamer|groene-rekenkamer.nl|||

|Destaatvanhet Klimaat|destaatvanhet-klimaat.nl|||

|Ecologia, Clima, Aquecimento|ecologia-clima-aquecimento.blogspot.com|||

|Climate Curious|shortfall.blog|||

|Climate Etc|judithcurry.com|||

|Environmental Progress|environmentalprogress.org|||

|European Climate Realist Network|ecr.network|||

|Everything Climate|everythingclimate.com|||

|Klimaat Gek|klimaatgek.nl|||

|Klima Realisme|klimarealisme.dk|||

|Klima Realistene|klimarealistene.com|||

|Klimat Sans|klimatsans.com|||

|Klimat Upplysningen|klimatupplysningen.se|||

|Koklimaat|koklimaat.nl|||

|La Question Climatique|laquestionclimatique.org|||

|Science, Climat et Ã‰nergie|science-climat-energie.be|||

|Sky Fall|skyfall.fr|||

|Weather Action|weatheraction.com|||

|A Grande Farsa do Aquecimento Global|agfdag.wordpress.com|||

Satire

Numerous websites have been created by companies that contain satirical or news parody content that is intended to be or has been designated by fact-checkers as fake news.

Troll farms

{{See also|Troll farm}}Examples of countries with troll farms that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Cambodia,WEB, 2022-12-08, Lead Stories Uncovers Network of Cambodian Websites Pushing Death Hoaxes On Facebook To Spread Malware {{!, Lead Stories |url=https://leadstories.com/analysis/2022/12/lead-stories-uncovers-network-of-websites-from-cambodia-pushing-death-hoaxes-on-facebook-to-spread-malware.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127145327leadstories.com/analysis/2022/12/lead-stories-uncovers-network-of-websites-from-cambodia-pushing-death-hoaxes-on-facebook-to-spread-malware.html |archive-date=2023-11-27 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}} Ghana,WEB, 2018-04-25, Global Fake News Network Responsible For Dozens of Death Hoaxes Shuts Down After Ghana Connections Revealed {{!, Lead Stories |url=https://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3469299-global-fake-news-network-responsible-for-dozens-of-death-hoaxes-shuts-down-after-ghana-connections-r.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206122834leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/04/global-fake-news-network-responsible-for-dozens-of-death-hoaxes-shuts-down-after-ghana-connections-r.html |archive-date=2022-12-06 |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}} North Macedonia,WEB, 2019-01-17, Macedonian Fake News Network Shuts Down Dozens Of Websites After Joint Investigation By Lead Stories & Nieuwscheckers {{!, Lead Stories |url=https://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3470104-macedonian-fake-news-network-shuts-down-dozens-of-websites-after-joint-investigation-by-lead-stories.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329160014leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2019/01/macedonian-fake-news-network-shuts-down-dozens-of-websites-after-joint-investigation-by-lead-stories.html |archive-date=2023-03-29 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}} the Republic of Georgia,NEWS, Higgins, Andrew, Mcintire, Mike, Dance, Gabriel J.x., 2016-11-25, Inside a Fake News Sausage Factory: ‘This Is All About Income’,www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/world/europe/fake-news-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-georgia.html, live,web.archive.org/web/20190407012227/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/25/world/europe/fake-news-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-georgia.html, 2019-04-07, 2016-11-26, The New York Times, 0362-4331, and Russia.NEWS, Ackerman, Spencer, Resnick, Gideon, Collins, Ben, 2018-03-02, Leaked: Secret Documents From Russia’s Election Trolls,www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-secret-documents-from-russias-election-trolls-leak,web.archive.org/web/20231216095248/https://www.thedailybeast.com/exclusive-secret-documents-from-russias-election-trolls-leak, 2023-12-16, 2023-12-25, The Daily Beast, en,

User-generated fake news

The following table lists websites that have allowed users to generate their own hoaxes that appear in the form of news articles. While the stated purpose is for users to prank their friends, many of the resulting false stories have spread on social media and have led to harassment.{| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|12minutos.com|12minutos.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|24aktuelles.com|24aktuelles.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|actualite.co|actualite.co||Same owner as React 365.|

|theasociatedpress.com|theasociatedpress.com||Same owner as The Fake News Generator.

DATE=2018-09-20

URL=HTTPS://WWW.DAILYDOT.COM/LAYER8/FAKE-NEWS-GENERATOR/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-09-29

WEBSITE=THE DAILY DOT

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3469795-FAKE-NEWS-KINGS-REIGN-ENDED.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-10-01

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

|thebreakingnews.co|thebreakingnews.co||Same owner as React 365.|

|BreakingNews247.net|BreakingNews247.net||Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.|

|BreakingNews365.net|BreakingNews365.net||Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365.|

|cbs-news.us|cbs-news.us||Same owner as The Fake News Generator.|

|cbsnews.us|cbsnews.us||Same owner as The Fake News Generator.|

|channel22news.com|channel22news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.

LAST2=SPARY

DATE=2017-05-29

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/CREATE-YOUR-OWN-FAKE-NEWS-SITES-ARE-BOOMING-ON-FACEBOOK-AND

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-08

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS, en,

|Channel 23 News|Channel23News.com||Prank website for generating false stories.|

|Channel24news.com|Channel24news.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel28news.com|channel28news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel33news.com|channel33news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel34news.com|channel34news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel40news.com|channel40news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel45news.com|channel45news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel46news.com|channel46news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel55news.com|channel55news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel56news.com|channel56news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel59news.com|channel59news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel60news.com|channel60news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel62news.com|channel62news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel63news.com|channel63news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel65news.com|channel65news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel66news.com|channel66news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel68news.com|channel68news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|channel77news.com|channel77news.com||Same owner as Channel 23 News.|

|Clone Zone|clonezone.link||Impersonated The New York Times to spread the false story that Elizabeth Warren had endorsed Bernie Sanders in 2016.

URL=HTTPS://WWW.NYTIMES.COM/2016/03/01/US/FAKE-NEW-YORK-TIMES-ARTICLE-CLAIMS-ELIZABETH-WARREN-ENDORSED-BERNIE-SANDERS.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-07-12

WEBSITE=THE NEW YORK TIMES, EVANS >FIRST=CLAIRE L.

TITLE=’CLONE ZONE’ IS AN EASY TOOL FOR BUILDING FAKE WEBSITES

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20201030015553/HTTPS://WWW.VICE.COM/EN/ARTICLE/3DKYYB/CLONE-ZONE-IS-AN-EASY-TOOL-FOR-BUILDING-FAKE-WEBSITES

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-02

VICE (MAGAZINE)>VICE

DATE=2016-03-02

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WIRED.COM/STORY/CLONE-ZONE-TRICKS-INTERNET-USERS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-05

MAGAZINE=WIRED (MAGAZINE)

>LANGUAGE=EN-US

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEFADER.COM/2015/04/24/CLONE-ZONE-4REAL-INTERVIEW

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-05-22

WEBSITE=THE FADER

DATE=2016-04-01

URL=HTTPS://WWW.THEATLANTIC.COM/CULTURE/ARCHIVE/2016/04/CLONE-ZONE/624478/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-08-14

WEBSITE=THE ATLANTIC

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2016/03/02/THIS-IS-WHAT-HAPPENS-WHEN-SOMEONE-DECIDES-AN-INTERNET-HOAX-IS-ART/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2017-10-15

NEWSPAPER=THE WASHINGTON POST, 2016-03-03 >TITLE=DON’T FALL FOR THIS FAKE WEBSITE TRICK

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20240306045845/HTTPS://WWW.GOODHOUSEKEEPING.COM/UK/NEWS/A559854/CLONE-ZONE-FAKE-WEBSITE-TOOL/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-02

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING >LANGUAGE=EN-GB,

|cnoticias.net|cnoticias.net||Same owner as React 365.|

|en-bref.fr|en-bref.fr||Same owner as React 365.|

|fakeawish.com|fakeawish.com||

URL=HTTPS://WWW.CBSNEWS.COM/NEWS/FAKING-CELEB-DEATHS-A-BIG-BUSINESS-FOR-SOME-WEBSITES-EXPERT-SAYS/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-09-28

WEBSITE=CBS NEWS, en-US,

|The Fake News Generator|thefakenewsgenerator.com||

url=https://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3469823-fake-news-generator-returns.html

leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/10/fake-news-generator-returns.html >archive-date=2023-06-07

website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}}

|fakeShare|fakeshare.com||

DATE=2015-08-04

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/MOUNTAIN-DEW-DISCONTINUED/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-27

WEBSITE=SNOPES

DATE=2014-06-16

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2014/06/16/BEWARE-FAKESHARE-THE-TRICKY-NEW-HOAX-SITE-SOWING-LIES-IN-YOUR-FACEBOOK-FEED/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-06

NEWSPAPER=WASHINGTON POST

ISSN=0190-8286,

|FeedNewz|feednewz.com||Renamed to prank.link.

DATE=2015-09-09

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/DEER-SEASON-CANCELED/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-26

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|nachrichten.de.com|nachrichten.de.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|nachrichten365.com|nachrichten365.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|net-infosnews.com|net-infosnews.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|thenewyorktimes.company|thenewyorktimes.company||Same owner as The Fake News Generator.|

|Nipsy’s News|nipsysnews.com||

DATE=2014-08-30

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BOSTONGLOBE.COM/ARTS/2014/08/30/LARGE-THE-INTERNET-FAKE-NEWS-PROBLEM/SABBRTA88XGQWEPY86OP3M/STORY.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2014-09-05

WEBSITE=THE BOSTON GLOBE, en-US,

|noticias-frescas.com|noticias-frescas.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|notizzia.com|notizzia.com||Same owner as React 365.|

|prank.link|prank.link|||

|PunkShare|PunkShare.com||

DATE=2015-09-14

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/DUNKIN-DONUTS-BANKRUPTCY/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-12-25

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|React 365|React365.com||This user-created fake news generator, supposedly for “pranking your friends”, had at least two stories that went viral.|

|routers.news|routers.news||Same owner as PunkShare. Spoof of Reuters.

DATE=2016-03-31

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/KOHLS-BANKRUPT-CLOSING-818-STORES/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-02-08

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|SHRTURL|shrturl.co||

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WNYCSTUDIOS.ORG/PODCASTS/OTM/ARTICLES/SHRTURL-HOAX-NEWS-GENERATOR-HAS-SHUT-DOWN

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-10-03

WEBSITE=WNYC STUDIOS, en,

|toutelinfo.fr|toutelinfo.fr||Same owner as React 365.|

Other networks

Many fake news websites can be assessed as likely being part of the same network campaign if some combination of the following are true:

They share the same Google Analytics accountWEB, 2017-11-10, Entire Network Of Fake News Websites Vanishes In Wake Of Mandalay Bay Hoax,hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3468860-entire-network-of-fake-news-websites-vanishes-in-wake-of-mandalay-bay-hoax.html,web.archive.org/web/20220206113719/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2017/11/entire-network-of-fake-news-websites-vanishes-in-wake-of-mandalay-bay-hoax.html, 2022-02-06, 2023-12-23, Lead Stories, en-US, WEB, Silverman, Craig, 2017-03-30, More Than 30 Websites Are Churning Out Viral Hoaxes About Crazy Crimes And Hip-Hop Beefs,www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/the-celebtricity-network,web.archive.org/web/20221128145420/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/the-celebtricity-network, 2022-11-28, 2023-12-23, BuzzFeed News, en, NEWS, Alba, Davey, Nicas, Jack, 2020-10-20, Here Are the Hundreds of Sites in a Pay-to-Play Local News Network,www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/technology/timpone-network-pay-to-play-local-news.html,web.archive.org/web/20230303022747/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/20/technology/timpone-network-pay-to-play-local-news.html, 2023-03-03, 2023-12-18, The New York Times, en-US, 0362-4331,
They share the same Google AdSense accountNEWS, December 30, 2018, VERA FILES FACT CHECK YEARENDER: Ads reveal links between websites producing fake news,www.verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-yearender-ads-reveal-links-between-web, live,www.verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-yearender-ads-reveal-links-between-web," title="web.archive.org/web/20190212053040www.verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-yearender-ads-reveal-links-between-web,">web.archive.org/web/20190212053040www.verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-yearender-ads-reveal-links-between-web, February 12, 2019, February 10, 2019, Vera Files,
They share the same IP address(es)
They share the same Gravatar ID
They refer to each other’s domains
They publish the exact or near-exact same content, especially content that has been plagiarized from other sources
They have the same or similar designs (layouts, bylines, privacy policies, “About” pages, etc.)
They have the same owner(s) or hosting provider, based on domain registration information.

Action News 3 {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|Action News 3|actionnews3.com||Spread death hoaxes about various public figures.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220721125718/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/04/NOW8NEWS.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2024-04-02, NewsGuard,

|Breaking13News.com|Breaking13News.com|||

|Daily Buzz Live|DailyBuzzLive.com||Per PolitiFact.Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout, a false claim that had been spreading since 2012.Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.

TITLE=POLITIFACT - NO, NASA DIDN’T CONFIRM EARTH WILL GO DARK FOR SIX DAYS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230926064247/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2020/DEC/16/BLOG-POSTING/NO-NASA-DIDNT-CONFIRM-EARTH-WILL-GO-DARK-SIX-DAYS/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-24

POLITIFACT >LANGUAGE=EN-US, MIKKELSON >FIRST=DAVID

TITLE=6 DAYS OF DARKNESS IN DECEMBER 2020?

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230929234951/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/NASA-BLACKOUT-WARNING/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-24

LANGUAGE=EN, 2019-06-05 >TITLE=FAKE NEWS: ZIKA VIRUS NOT FOUND IN RECENT SHIPMENT OF BANANAS; CDC NOT WARNING OF SAFETY CONCERNS {{!, Lead Stories

archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923032359leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2019/06/fake-news-zika-virus-shipment-bananas-cdc-warns.html

access-date=2024-01-27

language=en-US}}

|dailyviralbuzz.com|dailyviralbuzz.com|||

|News4KTLA.com|News4KTLA.com||Impostor site, per PolitiFact.Has the same IP address as Action News 3.Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.Cited story from World News Daily Report.

url=https://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3469322-no-suicide-bill-cosby.html

leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/04/no-suicide-bill-cosby.html >archive-date=2023-05-29

website=Lead Stories

TITLE=POLITIFACT - FAKE HEADLINE MUDDLES REAL STORY OF MAN COOKED TO DEATH IN TUNA OVEN

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220816220955/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2017/JUN/26/BLOG-POSTING/FAKE-HEADLINE-MUDDLES-REAL-STORY-MAN-COOKED-DEATH-/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-22

POLITIFACT >LANGUAGE=EN-US, LACAPRIA >FIRST=KIM

TITLE=LAS VEGAS PARENTS FACING CHARGES FOR MODIFYING 8-MONTH-OLD BABY’S EARS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20230207014550/HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/LV-PARENTS-EAR-MODIFICATION/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-01-27

LANGUAGE=EN, GILLIN >FIRST=JOSHUA

TITLE=POLITIFACT - RATS! RUMORS OF TONS OF RODENT MEAT PASSED OFF AS CHICKEN WINGS IN U.S. ARE FAKE NEWS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20220814024901/HTTPS://WWW.POLITIFACT.COM/FACTCHECKS/2017/MAR/06/BLOG-POSTING/RATS-RUMORS-TONS-RODENT-MEAT-PASSED-CHICKEN-WINGS-/

ACCESS-DATE=2024-02-04

POLITIFACT >LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|News4Local.com|News4Local.com|||

|Now 8 News|Now8News.com||Started in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website’s fake stories have successfully spread on social media. Has the same IP address as Action News 3.

DATE=2015-12-04

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2015/12/04/WHAT-WAS-FAKE-ON-THE-INTERNET-THIS-WEEK-BEAR-RAPES-FALSE-FLAGS-AND-GOLD-TESTICLES/

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20171012095611/HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2015/12/04/WHAT-WAS-FAKE-ON-THE-INTERNET-THIS-WEEK-BEAR-RAPES-FALSE-FLAGS-AND-GOLD-TESTICLES/

ACCESS-DATE=2017-01-02

LANGUAGE=EN-US

Fake news story says United flight attendant slapped baby during flight from Chicago {{Webarchive>url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422174350www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2017/apr/18/now8newscom/fake-news-story-says-united-flight-attendant-slapp/|date=2017-04-22}}, PolitiFact (April 18, 2017).

|TheRacketReport.com|TheRacketReport.com||Per PolitiFact.Has the same IP address as Action News 3.Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.|

|realstonedtimes.com|realstonedtimes.com|||

|Straight Stoned|straightstoned.com||Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.

DATE=2016-05-10

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/EVERY-SPERM-IS-SACRED/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-01-12

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

Batty Post {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|abc14news.com|abc14news.com||Spoof of ABC News.

LAST2=PHAM

DATE=2018-12-28

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/FACEBOOK-FAKE-NEWS-HITS-2018

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-10-16

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20231113194601/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/PRESS/NEWSGUARDS-MISINFORMATION-SWAT-TEAM-ISSUES-RED-RATINGS-TO-TWO-NETWORKS-PUBLISHING-DOZENS-OF-HOAX-WEBSITES/

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-24

LANGUAGE=EN-US,

|abcnews-us.com|abcnews-us.com||Spoof of ABC News.|

|abcnews5.com|abcnews5.com||Spoof of ABC News.

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3470037-FAKE-NEWS-CENTERVILLE-OH-WOMAN-CHARGED-AFTER-SLOWLY-EATING-HUSBAND-ALIVE-OVER-THREE-YEARS.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-03-22

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

|AlabamaObserver.com|AlabamaObserver.com|||

|albertatimes.com|albertatimes.com|||

|Batty Post|battypost.com||Published a false claim about being acquired by East Asia Tribune, a page that has the same Google AdSense ID.

DATE=2016-04-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.ADWEEK.COM/PERFORMANCE-MARKETING/BATTY-POST-EAST-ASIA-TRIBUNE/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2021-02-25

WEBSITE=ADWEEK

DATE=2017-04-17

URL=HTTPS://WWW.BUZZFEEDNEWS.COM/ARTICLE/CRAIGSILVERMAN/THIS-FALSE-STORY-ABOUT-A-HUSBAND-AND-WIFE-DISCOVERING

ARCHIVE-DATE=2018-09-27

WEBSITE=BUZZFEED NEWS, en,

|Border Herald|borderherald.com|||

|Boston Leader|bostonleader.com||Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site.

DATE=2017-04-20

URL=HTTPS://WWW.SNOPES.COM/FACT-CHECK/FLORIDA-MAN-GENITALS-ALLIGATOR/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-02-03

WEBSITE=SNOPES, en,

|boston-post.com|boston-post.com|

The Boston Post>Boston Post.Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.|

|cairnstimes.com|cairnstimes.com|||

|cbs15.com|cbs15.com||Spoof of CBS News. Possibly part of same network as abc14news.com.

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20200425155256/HTTPS://WWW.NEWSGUARDTECH.COM/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2020/01/ABC14NEWS-LABEL.PDF

ACCESS-DATE=2023-12-24

NEWSGUARD, 2018-10-02

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3469817-FAKE-NEWS-WEST-JORDAN-BOY-7-HAILED-AS-HERO-AFTER-HE-SHOOTS-PEDOPHILE-HOME-INTRUDER-DEAD.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-24

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

|cbsnews10.com|cbsnews10.com||Spoof of CBS News. Part of same network as abc14news.com.|

|cbsnews15.com|cbsnews15.com||Spoof of CBS News.|

|cbsnews24.com|cbsnews24.com||Spoof of CBS News.|

|cgcnews.com|cgcnews.com||Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.|

|cnn-globalnews.com|cnn-globalnews.com||Impostor site of CNN. Published death hoax on Clint Eastwood.

url=http://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3468691-fake-news-lexington-man-not-arrested-after-he-was-caught-masturbating-35-million-stud-horse-trying-t.html

leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2017/08/fake-news-lexington-man-not-arrested-after-he-was-caught-masturbating-35-million-stud-horse-trying-t.html >archive-date=2023-03-31

website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}}

|cnn-internationaledition.com|cnn-internationaledition.com||Impostor site of CNN.|

|coindesk-us.com|coindesk-us.com||Spoof of CoinDesk.|

|countyweekly.com|countyweekly.com|||

|dallastimes.us|dallastimes.us|||

|DenverInquirer.com|DenverInquirer.com|||

|dublintribune.com|dublintribune.com|||

|East Asia Tribune|eastasiatribune.com||Published death hoax about Kim Jong-un.

DATE=2016-06-18

URL=HTTPS://WWW.IBTIMES.CO.UK/KIM-JONG-UN-KILLED-SUICIDE-ATTACK-NEWS-REPORT-FAKE-SAY-SOUTH-KOREAN-OFFICIALS-1566181

ARCHIVE-DATE=2022-08-12

WEBSITE=INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TIMES, en,

|Florida Sun Post|floridasunpost.com||Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site.|

|focustimes.org|focustimes.org|||

|foreignjournal.com|foreignjournal.com|||

|fox-26houston.com|fox-26houston.com|||

|fox-32chicago.com|fox-32chicago.com|||

|foxnews-us.com|foxnews-us.com||Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.|

|foxnews15.com|foxnews15.com|||

|freeinquirer.com|freeinquirer.com|||

|The Jackson Telegraph|jacksontelegraph.com|||

|longarticles.com|longarticles.com|||

|MississippiHerald.com|MississippiHerald.com|||

|nbc9news.com|nbc9news.com||Spoof of NBC. Part of same network as abc14news.com.|

|nbcnews11.com|nbcnews11.com|||

|nbcnews15.com|nbcnews15.com|||

|nbcnews6.com|nbcnews6.com|||

|newjournal.us|newjournal.us|||

|thenyherald.com|thenyherald.com||Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.|

|pressunion.org|pressunion.org|||

|si-nba.com|si-nba.com|||

|sundayregister.com|sundayregister.com|||

|The Sunday Inquirer|sundayinquirer.com|||

|The Sunday Post|sundaypost.org|||

|surreytelegraph.com|surreytelegraph.com|||

|sydneybulletin.com|sydneybulletin.com|||

|Telegraph Sun|telegraphsun.com|||

|timesofcambodia.com|timesofcambodia.com|||

|tmz-us.com|tmz-us.com||Spoof of TMZ. Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.|

|tvtnews.com|tvtnews.com||Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.|

|unitednews.org|unitednews.org|||

|us-nbcnews.com|us-nbcnews.com||Spoof of NBC News. Part of the same network as nbc9news.com.|

|usatoday-go.com|usatoday-go.com||Has the same IP address as cbsnews10.com.

URL=HTTPS://HOAX-ALERT.LEADSTORIES.COM/3469851-FAKE-NEWS-ERIE-PENNSYLVANIA-WOMAN-HIGH-ON-METH-DIES-AFTER-PUMPING-GASOLINE-INTO-HER-ANUS.HTML

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-09-28

WEBSITE=LEAD STORIES, en-US,

|Vancouver Inquirer|vancouverinquirer.com|||

|vice-en-us.com|vice-en-us.com||Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.|

|weekendherald.com|weekendherald.com|||

|yahoonews-us.com|yahoonews-us.com||Part of the same network as abcnews-us.com.|

Celebtricity {| class“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible”

! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|20minutenews.com|20minutenews.com|||

|alertchild.com|alertchild.com|||

|areyousleep.com|areyousleep.com|||

|badcriminals.com|badcriminals.com|||

|cartelreport.com|cartelreport.com|||

|Celebtricity|celebtricity.com|

Barack Obama declared a state of emergency in Chicago, Illinois after more than 300 people were shot in one night; that a Wendy’s employee put vaginal discharge on a burger as revenge against a partner; and that Bryshere Y. Gray was Jay Z>Jay-Z’s son. Contains a “notorious fauxtire and satire entertainment” disclaimer which used to read “the most notorious urban satirical entertainment website in the world”.DEWEY >FIRST=CAITLIN

TITLE=WHAT WAS FAKE ON THE INTERNET THIS WEEK: SELFIE LICE, JOEY FATONE AND JAMES EARL JONES RIPS

NEWSPAPER=THE WASHINGTON POST

URL-STATUS=LIVE

ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20170409075949/HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2015/08/28/WHAT-WAS-FAKE-ON-THE-INTERNET-THIS-WEEK-SELFIE-LICE-JOEY-FATONE-AND-JAMES-EARL-JONES-RIPS/

ISSN=0190-8286,

DATE=2015-11-06

LANGUAGE=EN-US

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2015/11/06/WHAT-WAS-FAKE-ON-THE-INTERNET-THIS-WEEK-AMAZING-COWS-THE-KKK-AND-A-SECRET-SISTER-GIFT-EXCHANGE/

ACCESS-DATE=2017-01-02

ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-11-15

DATE=2015-09-25

LANGUAGE=EN-US

URL=HTTPS://WWW.WASHINGTONPOST.COM/NEWS/THE-INTERSECT/WP/2015/09/25/WHAT-WAS-FAKE-ON-THE-INTERNET-THIS-WEEK-CASEY-ANTHONYS-DEATH-AND-CHIPOTLES-911-AD/

ACCESS-DATE=2017-01-02

ARCHIVE-DATE=2016-11-12, 0190-8286,

|channel5000.com|channel5000.com|||

|drugsofficial.com|drugsofficial.com|||

|everydaybreakingnews.com|everydaybreakingnews.com|||

|FedsAlert.com|FedsAlert.com|||

|folksvideo.com|folksvideo.com|||

|thefrt.com|thefrt.com|||

|jokerviral.com|jokerviral.com|||

|mrnewswatch.com|mrnewswatch.com|||

|Persecutes.com|Persecutes.com|||

|qualitysharing.com|qualitysharing.com|||

|scaryhours.com|scaryhours.com|||

|smhwtfnews.com|smhwtfnews.com|||

|tmzbreaking.com|tmzbreaking.com|||

|tmzbusiness.com|tmzbusiness.com|||

|tmzcomedy.com|tmzcomedy.com|||

|tmzhiphop.com|tmzhiphop.com|||

|tmzurban.com|tmzurban.com|||

|tmzuncut.com|tmzuncut.com|||

|TMZWorldNews.com|TMZWorldNews.com|||

|tmzworldstar.com|tmzworldstar.com|||

|tmzworldstarnews.com|tmzworldstarnews.com|||

|ViralActions.com|ViralActions.com||Cited story from World News Daily Report.|

|viralcocaine.com|viralcocaine.com|||

|viraldevil.com|viraldevil.com|||

|viralmugshot.com|viralmugshot.com|||

|viralpropaganda.com|viralpropaganda.com|||

|viralspeech.com|viralspeech.com|||

|viralstupid.com|viralstupid.com|||

PoliticsFocus

Used a technique called “domain hopping” - repeatedly switching domain names to stay ahead of advertising blacklists on social media.WEB, 2018-03-18, Fake News: Melania Trump Did NOT Announce Divorce,leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/03/fake-news-melania-trump-divorce-announcement.html,web.archive.org/web/20230927121116/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2018/03/fake-news-melania-trump-divorce-announcement.html, 2023-09-27, 2024-02-03, Lead Stories, WEB, Silverman, Craig, 2018-03-01, Publishers Are Switching Domain Names To Try To Stay Ahead Of Facebook’s Algorithm Changes,www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/publishers-are-switching-domain-names-to-try-and-stay-ahead,web.archive.org/web/20230430162022/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/publishers-are-switching-domain-names-to-try-and-stay-ahead, 2023-04-30, 2024-02-03, BuzzFeed News, en, {| class=“wikitable sortable mw-collapsible“! Name!Domain!Status! class=“sortable” |Notes! class=“unsortable” |Sources|PoliticsFocus|anypolitical.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|cloudpolitical.com||

URL=HTTPS://WWW.FACTCHECK.ORG/2018/02/NO-LOGAN-ACT-CHARGES-JOHN-KERRY/

ARCHIVE-DATE=2023-06-09

WEBSITE=FACTCHECK.ORG,

|PoliticsFocus|goldpolitics.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|flexpolitics.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|jetpolitics.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|maxrepublican.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|politicsbee.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|politicsedge.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|politicsfast.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|Politicsfocus.com||Per FactCheck.org.

URL=HTTPS://APNEWS.COM/F0A3EC34CDB449D29A4988486E6F74FD

ARCHIVE-DATE=2024-01-28

WEBSITE=ASSOCIATED PRESS, en-US,

|PoliticsFocus|politicsmate.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|politicstec.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|politicsvision.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|sunrepublican.com|||

|PoliticsFocus|totalpolitical.com|||

Miscellaneous

The following article lists miscellaneous sites that are one-offs or otherwise lack information that would place them into one of the other categories above.

References

- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "List of fake news websites" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 6:22am EDT - Wed, May 22 2024

[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]

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