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factoids

6.35% style="vertical-align:center;"! colspan="4" |Presidential candidate! colspan="4" |Vice presidential candidate! rowspan="2" style="width:10% |Campaign! colspan="3" |Candidate name and party! style="width:10% | Position! colspan="3" |Candidate name and party! style="width:10% | Position! style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}};" |! style="background:{{party color|People's Reform Party}};" |! style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}" |! style="background:#0070C0" |! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" |

Image = Rodrigo Duterte 2013.jpg

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Location=center}}| candidate1 = Rodrigo Duterte| party1 = PDP–Laban| running_mate1 = Alan Peter Cayetano| popular_vote1 = 16,601,997| percentage1 = 39.01%

Image = Benigno S. Aquino III greets Corazon Malanyaon (cropped 2).jpg

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Location=center}}| candidate2 = Mar Roxas| party2 = Liberal Party (Philippines)| running_mate2 = Leni Robredo| popular_vote2 = 9,978,175| percentage2 = 23.45%

Image= Grace Poe-Llamanzares portrait.jpg

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Location=center}}| candidate4 = Grace Poe| color4 = 0070C0| party4 = Independent politician| running_mate4 = Francis Escudero| popular_vote4 = 9,100,991| percentage4 = 21.39%

Image = VP Binay.jpg

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Location=center}}| candidate5 = Jejomar Binay| party5 = United Nationalist Alliance| running_mate5 = Gregorio Honasan| popular_vote5 = 5,416,140| percentage5 = 12.73%| map_image = Presidential Race 2016.png| map_size = 290px| map_caption = Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila.| title = President| before_election = Benigno Aquino III| before_party = Liberal Party (Philippines)

Rodrigo DuterteHTTPS://WWW.BBC.COM/NEWS/WORLD-ASIA-36253612

BBC>TITLE=PHILIPPINES ELECTION: MAVERICK RODRIGO DUTERTE WINS PRESIDENCY

ACCESS-DATE=MAY 10, 2016, | after_party = PDP–Laban| module = factoids | candidate1 = Leni Robredo| party1 = Liberal Party (Philippines)| popular_vote1 = 14,418,817| percentage1 = 35.11%

Image = Labong Lodge No. 59 (cropped).jpg

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Location=center}}| candidate2 = Bongbong Marcos| color2 = EB312D

Independent politician>Independent| popular_vote2 = 14,155,344 | percentage2 = 34.77%

Image = Rep. Alan Peter Cayetano (18th Congress PH).jpg

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Location=center}}| color4 = FFD700| candidate4 = Alan Peter Cayetano

Independent politician>Independent| popular_vote4 = 5,903,379| percentage4 = 14.38%

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Location=center}}| candidate5 = Francis Escudero| color5 = 0070C0| party5 = Independent| popular_vote5 = 4,931,962| percentage5 = 12.01%|map_image = File:Provincial Breakdown of VP Race 2016.png|map_size = 290px|map_caption = Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila.| title = Vice President| before_election = Jejomar Binay| before_party = United Nationalist Alliance| after_election = Leni Robredo| after_party = Liberal Party (Philippines)}}}}{{Politics of Philippines}}The 2016 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on Monday, May 9, 2016, as part of the 2016 general election. This was the 16th direct presidential election in the Philippines since 1935 and the fifth (wikt:sextennial|sextennial) presidential election since 1992.Incumbent president Benigno Aquino III was ineligible for re-election, pursuant to the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Incumbent vice president Jejomar Binay was eligible for re-election but chose to run for the presidency instead. Therefore, this election determined the 16th president and the 14th vice president. The position of president and vice president are elected separately, thus the two winning candidates could come from different political parties.Rodrigo Duterte was elected President of the Philippines with 38.5% of the vote.WEB,weblink Philippines post-election analysis: How Duterte shot to the top, May 13, 2016, Asia Times, Congress met in late May to canvass the results and issued an official result with Duterte and Leni Robredo emerging as the winners of the presidential and vice presidential races, respectively. They were proclaimed on May 30 in the House of Representatives.On the other hand, Robredo narrowly won the vice presidential election over Bongbong Marcos, son of former President Ferdinand Marcos. Bongbong Marcos filed an electoral protest through the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, but was later dismissed in 2021. Electoral system According to the Constitution of the Philippines, the election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. The plurality voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice presidential election is a separate election, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing on the noon of June 30, 2016, and ending on the same day six years later.BOOK, Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook, Volume II, Hassall, Graham, Santos, Soliman M. Jr., Oxford University Press, 0199249598, 187, Hartmann, Christoff, Nohlen, Dieter, Grotz, Florian, Hartmann, Christof, Background {{see also|2010 Philippine presidential election|2013 Philippine Senate election}}File:การหารือทวิภาคีระหว่างนายกรัฐมนตรี และประธานาธิบดีสาธา - Flickr - Abhisit Vejjajiva CROP.jpg|thumb|upright|Benigno Aquino IIIBenigno Aquino III(File:2010PhilippineVPElectionResults.png|thumb|Map of the results of the 2010 vice presidential election.)Senator Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party, who ran on an anti-corruption platform, won the 2010 election with 42.08% of the votes defeating Joseph Estrada, a former president who was deposed in 2001 after scandals of massive corruption, and several others. Meanwhile, Estrada's running mate, Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban), defeated Aquino's running mate, Senator Mar Roxas of the Liberal Party and several others, in the vice presidential election.NEWS,weblink Congress proclaims Aquino as president, Binay as VP, JAM, SISANTE, GMAnews.tv, June 9, 2010, Roxas eventually accused Binay of electoral fraud in the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, citing that some of his votes were recorded as null votes.NEWS, 'Automated mystery' case: Roxas files protest,weblink Philippine Daily Inquirer, Bordadora, Norman, July 10, 2010, July 11, 2010, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100711070951weblink">weblink July 11, 2010, mdy-all, Both Binay and Roxas were subsequently appointed by Aquino to his cabinet, with Binay heading the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council,NEWS, Binay joins Cabinet as housing czar - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos,weblink Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 31, 2015, July 26, 2010, Burgonio, TJ, Balana, Cynthia, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150619180331weblink">weblink June 19, 2015, mdy-all, and Roxas first being given the Transportation and Communications portfolio, then finally named as Secretary of the Interior and Local Government, after the ban of appointing losing candidates expired a year after Aquino took office on June 30, 2010.WEB, Roxas takes oath as DILG secretary,weblink May 31, 2015, September 29, 2012, GMA News Online, As of 2014, the tribunal had still not yet acted upon the preliminary motions of both parties and on Binay's counter-protest; the suit is expected to still not have been resolved by the time President Aquino's term expires.NEWS,weblink Roxas poll protest vs Binay still in preliminary stage, Punay, Edu, August 14, 2014, The Philippine Star, June 1, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150619175451weblink">weblink June 19, 2015, dead, mdy-all, For the midterm 2013 Senate election, Aquino and Roxas formed the Team PNoy coalition;NEWS,weblink LP, NP, NPC eye common ticket, Jess, Diaz, Philippine Star, July 5, 2012, July 5, 2012, {{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Estrada's PMP and Binay's PDP–Laban forged an electoral alliance, the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA).NEWS,weblink From UNO to UNA, Erap, Binay unite, Marvin, Sy, Philippine Star, Yahoo! Philippines News, April 4, 2012, April 5, 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120406121327weblink">weblink April 6, 2012, mdy-all, Team PNoy won nine Senate seats against UNA's three.NEWS,weblink Final 3 senators-elect proclaimed, Shiela, Crisostomo, Philippine Star, May 19, 2013, May 19, 2013, Former Movie and Television Review and Classification Board chairwoman Grace Poe, daughter of defeated 2004 presidential candidate Fernando Poe Jr. topped the senatorial election.NEWS, May 16, 2013, 6 Senate topnotchers proclaimed, ABS-CBNnews.com,weblink May 18, 2013, In March 2014, PDP–Laban withdrew from UNA, a week after Binay resigned as party chairman, due "to differences with its leaders". Party president Aquilino Pimentel III had a public quarrel with Binay over Migz Zubiri's inclusion in UNA's 2013 senatorial slate, whom Pimentel had accused of cheating in the 2007 Senate election.WEB, PDP–Laban bolts UNA after Binay resigns as chairman,weblink May 31, 2015, March 7, 2014, Interaksyon.com, Reyes, Ernie, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150924044849weblink">weblink September 24, 2015, mdy-all, In Pulse Asia survey released in April 2014, the first opinion poll for the presidential election, it showed Binay leading aspiring candidates, with 40% of those surveyed with Grace Poe a far second at 15%.NEWS, Hofileña, Chay F., April 29, 2014, Binay runaway winner in presidential poll, Rappler.com,weblink May 1, 2014, Several other stalwarts of UNA, such as senators Juan Ponce Enrile and Jinggoy Estrada, who had manifested his intention to run as Binay's running mate, and others such as Senator Bong Revilla of Lakas–CMD, who was planning to run for president, were detained due to their involvement in the pork barrel scam.WEB, Jinggoy Estrada ordered arrested by Sandiganbayan,weblink May 31, 2015, June 23, 2014, GMA News Online, Chiu, Patricia Denise, WEB, Sen. Bong Revilla surrenders to Sandiganbayan, files motion for bail,weblink May 31, 2015, June 20, 2014, GMA News Online, Legaspi, Amita, No personalities linked with the Liberal Party involved in the scam were investigated. These actions by the government, which it said was part of its anti-corruption drive, were cited by UNA as "political persecution".NEWS, Binay hits Aquino admin,weblink Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 31, 2015, Niña, Calleja, October 26, 2014, In July 2014, Renato Bondal, a defeated mayoral candidate in the 2013 Makati mayoral election, filed plunder cases against Makati mayor Jejomar Binay, Jr. and his father, the vice president, to the Ombudsman. By the next month, a subcommittee of the Blue Ribbon Committee composed solely of Pimentel, along with Nacionalista Party members Alan Peter Cayetano and Antonio Trillanes IV, began Senate hearings against Binay on his alleged corruption while serving as mayor of Makati, beginning with the alleged overpriced annex building of the Makati City Hall.WEB, Binay accusers in Makati building case file new petition; Nancy says she won't use proxies,weblink May 31, 2015, August 18, 2014, Interkasyon.com, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140823003412weblink">weblink August 23, 2014, mdy-all, It was followed by hearings on alleged corruption on deals supplying Makati senior citizens with birthday cakes,NEWS,weblink From cakes to buildings, Binays 'overprice, chop-chop', Macaraig, Ayee, August 21, 2014, Rappler.com, June 14, 2015, an agricultural estate in Rosario, Batangas that Binay allegedly owns,WEB, 'Hacienda Binay as big as half of San Juan City',weblink June 13, 2015, October 8, 2014, The Philippine Star, Bacani, Louis, the allegedly overpriced Makati Science High School,WEB, Trillanes inspects another alleged 'overpriced' Binay building–Makati Science High School,weblink INQUIRER.net, June 14, 2015, November 15, 2014, and the relocation of Makati residents to Calauan, Laguna in a community without basic necessities.WEB, VP Binay's accuser: Makati govt spent P1.2B on relocation site without electricity, water,weblink June 14, 2015, April 16, 2015, GMA News Online, Calonzo, Andreo, Binay had consistently denied any wrongdoing,NEWS, Binay: All recycled lies,weblink Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 31, 2015, Christine, Avendaño, September 19, 2015, and from owning the Rosario estate,WEB, Binay denies owning Batangas hacienda, says accusers 'just hallucinating',weblink INQUIRER.net, June 22, 2015, October 9, 2014, but had never appeared at the Senate.NEWS,weblink VP Binay still a no-show as Senate hearings resume, Cupin, Bea, October 22, 2014, Rappler.com, June 1, 2015, UNA Secretary General JV Bautista branded the investigations as part of the "Operation Plan Stop Nognog", insinuating on Binay's dark skin, with Roxas, Cayetano and Trillanes allegedly behind it to prevent Binay from becoming president. He accused billionaire businessman Salvador Zamora as its financier.WEB, 'Oplan Nognog: LP plot vs Binay' - Manila Standard Today,weblink June 19, 2015, The New Standard (Philippine newspaper), The New Standard, October 14, 2014, Herrera, Christine F., December 20, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20141220075110weblink">weblink dead, In May 2015, the Court of Appeals ordered the 242 bank accounts belonging to Binay to be frozen for six months, when it granted the petition of the Anti-Money Laundering Council and of the Ombudsman. Binay's camp had alleged certain people from the Liberal Party to be behind the freeze order,WEB, CA freezes Binay's bank accounts - The Manila Times Online,weblink June 7, 2015, May 13, 2015, The Manila Times, Canlas, Jomar, a charge President Aquino, in a Bombo Radyo interview, himself denied.WEB, PNoy denies LP hand in freezing of VP Binay's bank accounts,weblink June 7, 2015, May 14, 2015, GMA News Online, Calonzo, Andreo, By late May 2015, the subcommittee report recommending the filing of a plunder (corruption worth more than 50 million pesos) complaint against Binay was signed by all three subcommittee members and Grace Poe.WEB, Grace Poe signs report recommending plunder raps vs. VP Binay,weblink June 13, 2015, May 29, 2015, GMA News Online, Sisante, Jam, By early June, ten senators had already signed the subcommittee report, making it official and available to be debated upon in the Senate floor.WEB, 10 senators sign subcommittee report vs Binay,weblink June 13, 2015, June 2, 2015, The Philippine Star, Sy, Marvin,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150615235723weblink">weblink June 15, 2015, dead, mdy-all, A Pulse Asia presidential survey taken at the time the hearings were done showed Grace Poe overtaking Binay, with her getting 30% of the respondents, over Binay's 22%.WEB, Holmes, Ronald D., June 18, 2015, Pulse Asia Research's June 2015 Nationwide Survey on the May 2016 Elections,weblink June 18, 2015, PulseAsia.ph, A month later, Binay sued Cayetano, Trillanes and several others for 200 million pesos in damages at the Makati Regional Trial Court for "well-organized and orchestrated effort" to damage his reputation and worsen his chances of becoming president.WEB, VIDEO {{!, VP Binay files P200-M damage suit over 'orchestrated' smear drive to derail 2016 candidacy|url =weblink|access-date = July 22, 2015|date = July 20, 2015|website = Interaksyon.com|last2 = Francisco|first2 = Jove|first1 = Ernie|last1 = Reyes|publisher = News5|url-status = dead|archive-url =weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150721074705weblink">weblink|archive-date = July 21, 2015|df = mdy-all}}Meanwhile, Aquino held several meetings with Roxas, Poe and Francis Escudero on who should be the standard bearer of the Liberal Party. While none of them had announced their preferences at that time, Aquino was expected to announce his preferred candidate after his final State of the Nation Address late in July. Congressional heads Franklin Drilon and Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. denied that Liberal Party members had been dissatisfied with Aquino's indecision, saying that the party was still united.WEB, LP united; 2016 talks on schedule — Belmonte, Drilon,weblink INQUIRER.net, July 22, 2015, Kristine Angeli, Sabillo, July 21, 2015, On early July, Binay launched his party, the United Nationalist Alliance.NEWS, Main opposition party UNA launched,weblink July 2, 2015, July 2, 2015, The Philippine Star, Helen, Flores,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150702200529weblink">weblink July 2, 2015, dead, mdy-all, Later that month, Aquino endorsed Roxas for president, which the latter accepted.NEWS,weblink Emotional Roxas accepts PNoy endorsement, July 31, 2015, GMA News, July 31, 2015, In August, Rodrigo Duterte, the Davao City mayor who had been a subject of a strong online following urging him to run, announced his intention to retire from politics after his mayoral term ends in 2016.NEWS,weblink Duterte: 'I am not running for president', Rappler, September 8, 2015, Poe announced her intention to seek the presidency by mid-September,WEB, Poe in 2016 {{!, mb.com.ph {{!}} Philippine News|url =weblink|website = Manila Bulletin|access-date=September 17, 2015|first = Hannah|last = Torregoza|date = September 16, 2015}} followed by Escudero's announcing that he'll be her running mate a day later.WEB, It's official: Grace Poe, Chiz Escudero to run together in 2016,weblink Maila, Ager, September 21, 2015, INQUIRER.net, September 17, 2015, Several days later, Cayetano announced his vice presidential candidacy, preferring to be Duterte's running mate.On October 3. Trillanes formally announced his vice presidential campaign as an independent, supporting Poe's presidential campaign.WEB, Trillanes running for VP, Magdalo group backs Poe,weblink Rappler, October 27, 2015, October 3, 2015, Days later, Leni Robredo, the representative from Camarines Sur and widow of former Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Jesse Robredo who died in a plane crash in 2012, accepted the offer of the Liberal Party to be Roxas' running mate.NEWS, Cruz, RG, Leni is Mar's running mate,weblink October 6, 2015, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, ABS-CBN Corporation, October 5, 2015, Also on that day, Senator Bongbong Marcos announced his candidacy as vice president.NEWS,weblink Bongbong Marcos running for vice president in 2016, October 5, 2015, CNN Philippines, October 5, 2015, October 8, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151008085446weblink">weblink dead, A week later, after being nominated by UNA, Senator Gregorio Honasan announced that he would be Binay's running mate.WEB,weblink Now it's Honasan as possible Binay running mate, Delfin T. Mallari Jr., September 2015, A day later, on the launch of her new book, Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago announced her presidential candidacy;WEB, Miriam announces presidential run in 2016,weblink GMA News, Jessica, Bartolome, October 13, 2015, October 13, 2015, a couple of days later, she announced that Marcos would be her running mate.WEB, Miriam Santiago confirms Bongbong Marcos is her vice president,weblink INQUIRER.net, October 27, 2015, October 15, 2015, Hegina, Aries Joseph, At the final day of the filing of candidacies, Duterte did not show up; instead, the PDP–Laban nominated Martin Diño, chairman of the Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption.WEB, VACC chair Martin Diño files COC for president,weblink GMA News, October 16, 2015, October 26, 2015, At the end of the day, more than a hundred people registered as presidential candidates, after a 5-day long filing period. These include current OFW Family Club representative Roy Señeres running under the Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka, former representative from Iloilo Augusto Syjuco, who is running as an independent, and Engineer Juanita Mendoza Trocenio under the Partido Bagong Maharlika (PBM). For the vice presidency, nineteen people manifested their intention to run, including former assemblyman from Ifugao Zosimo Jesus Paredes II, who is also running under the Partido Bagong Maharlika.AC Nielsen Philippines showed on its monitoring report between Jan 1 and Nov 30 that presidential candidate Binay spent 595 million pesos for campaign advertisements on television (before the campaign period). Vice presidential candidate Cayetano led the spenders in the race, spending 398 million pesos worth of TV advertisements.NEWS,weblink Binay top TV ad spender; 4 bets spend P1.6 B, Philippine Star, Diaz, Jess, January 5, 2016, January 5, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160106043733weblink">weblink January 6, 2016, dead, Binay, denied the claim.NEWS,weblink Binay: I'm not top TV ad spender, Philippine Star, Viray, Patricia Lourdes, January 5, 2016, January 6, 2016, An article from The Manila Times reported also that the administration's bet, Mar Roxas, led the list of the biggest ad spenders in the country with 774 million peso in television advertisement expenses from January to December, in a survey also conducted by AC Nielsen.NEWS,weblink Roxas top ad spender, Manila Times, Antiporda, Jefferson, January 5, 2016, January 6, 2016, Candidates Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the President and Vice President are elected separately. An initial list of eight presidential candidates were uploaded on the certified candidates list in the commission's database on January 21, 2016.NEWS,weblink Comelec uploads 8 names in certified list of presidential bets, GMA News, January 21, 2016, January 21, 2016, But only trimmed down to five, due to the declaration by the commission en banc of Dante Valencia as a nuisance candidate and the withdrawal of certificates of candidacies of Romel Mendoza and Roy Señeres.NEWS,weblink Comelec en banc upholds nuisance tag on Dante Valencia, GMA News, Dioquino, Rose-An Jessica, January 28, 2016, February 1, 2016, NEWS,weblink PMP bet withdraws from 2016 race, backs Binay, ABS-CBN News, February 1, 2016, February 1, 2016, NEWS,weblink Roy Señeres withdraws from presidential race, Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 5, 2016, February 5, 2016, This is the final and certified list of candidates for the elections to be included in the ballots:WEB,weblink Resolution No. 10061, Commission on Elections, February 24, 2016, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160307131014weblink">weblink March 7, 2016, NEWS,weblink LOOK: Comelec releases certified list of presidential, VP bets, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Gonzales, Yuji Vincent, February 5, 2016, February 5, 2016, Jejomar Binay,NEWS,weblink Can the Philippines Stay on Track?, The Wall Street Journal, April 18, 2016, May 3, 2016, Miriam Defensor Santiago,NEWS,weblink Who will lead the Philippines?, BBC News, April 29, 2016, May 3, 2016, Rodrigo Duterte,NEWS,weblink Rodrigo Duterte and Other Candidates Seeking to Lead Philippines Tap Into Aquino Fatigue, The New York Times, April 18, 2016, May 3, 2016, NEWS,weblink Philippine elections 2016: what you need to know – the Guardian briefing, The Guardian, May 4, 2016, May 5, 2016, Grace Poe,NEWS,weblink The Philippine Election Could Shake Up Rising Tiger's Economy, Bloomberg News, May 2, 2016, May 3, 2016, and Mar Roxas.NEWS,weblink Who are the Philippines' top presidential candidates?, Deutsche Welle, February 9, 2016, February 9, 2016, Although Señeres withdrew his candidacy and later died, his name was still included on the printed ballots.{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%;"

80px)

Jejomar BinayUnited Nationalist Alliance>UNA

Vice President of the Philippines>Vice President! style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}};" |

80px)| Gregorio HonasanUNA|Senator

130px)(campaign)

107x107px)

Miriam Defensor SantiagoPeople's Reform Party>PRP|Senator! style="background:#F08080 " |

106x106px)

Bongbong MarcosIndependent{{efn>name=fn1|Cayetano, Marcos and Trillanes are all members of the Nacionalista Party, but failed to get that party's nomination; instead, all of them ran as independents.}}|Senator

130px)(campaign)

80px)| Rodrigo DutertePDP–Laban

Mayor of Davao City>Mayor of Davao City! style="background:#ffd700" |

106x106px)

Alan Peter CayetanoIndependent{{efn>name=fn1}}|Senator

130px)(campaign)

121x121px)

Grace PoeIndependent politician>Independent|Senator! style="background:#0070C0" |

120x120px)| Francis EscuderoIndependent|Senator

130px)(campaign)

124x124px)

Mar RoxasLiberal Party (Philippines)>Liberal|Former secretary of the Interior and Local Government! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};" |

111x111px)

Leni RobredoLiberal Party (Philippines)>Liberal

Camarines Sur's 3rd congressional district>Camarines Sur's 3rd district

130px)(campaign)

None! style="background:#C00000" |

110x110px)

Antonio TrillanesIndependent{{efn>name=fn1}}|Senator|

Notes:{{notelist}}

Jejomar Binay (UNA)

When questioned by the media at the Coconut Palace in September 2011, Vice President Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban) confirmed his plans of running as president.NEWS, Araullo, Atom, September 13, 2011, Binay wants to run for president in 2016, ABS-CBN News Online,weblink By May 2014, Binay began his search for a running mate. As his potential running mate Senator Jinggoy Estrada was in jail due to his implication in the PDAF scam,NEWS, Macaraig, Ayee, March 20, 2014, Jinggoy: I still have support, machinery for 2016, Rappler,weblink Binay's offers were declined by JV Ejercito,NEWS, Cheng, Willard, May 22, 2014, JV rules out running as Binay's vice, cites same skin color, Philippine Star,weblink June 8, 2014, Manny Villar (via wife Cynthia Villar),NEWS, November 6, 2014, Manny Villar for VP? 'Never,' says wife, Rappler.com,weblink June 7, 2015, Vilma Santos (via husband Ralph Recto),NEWS, Santos, Matikas, March 3, 2015, Vilma has no plans for 2016, might retire from politics—Sen. Recto, INQUIRER.net,weblink May 13, 2015, Mar Roxas,WEB, April 10, 2015, Roxas not even thinking of being VP Binay's running mate in 2016,weblink June 22, 2015, GMA News Online, Grace Poe,NEWS, Sisante, Johanna Camille, May 20, 2015, Grace Poe doesn't see herself as VP Binay's running mate, GMA News Online,weblink May 24, 2015, Rodrigo Duterte and Joseph Estrada.WEB, Clapano, Jose Rodel, June 7, 2015, Erap not interested in running for VP,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150607164648weblink">weblink June 7, 2015, June 7, 2015, The Philippine Star, Binay's daughter Abigail, also the Representative from Makati, said that Binay would accept anyone as his running mate except for Antonio Trillanes, and that she preferred Grace Poe, however Sen. Bongbong Marcos was the most preferred by UNA officials to be his running mate.WEB, Viray, Patricia Lourdes, May 19, 2015, Binay's running mate 'anyone but Trillanes',weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150623005328weblink">weblink June 23, 2015, June 22, 2015, The Philippine Star, On June 12, Independence Day, speech in Iloilo, President Aquino said that he could only offer Binay the conduct of a clean and honest election, but not an outright endorsement.WEB, June 13, 2015, Mar gets Noy's praise but still no endorsement,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150615234654weblink">weblink June 15, 2015, June 13, 2015, The Philippine Star, On June 22, Binay resigned from the Aquino cabinet, both as presidential adviser on Overseas Filipino Workers' concerns and as chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council, but did not say why.NEWS, Cabacungan, Gil, June 23, 2015, Fed up, Binay bolts Cabinet,weblink June 23, 2015, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Two days later, Binay addressed the public from his Coconut Palace office, branding the current administration as "manhid at palpak" (insensitive and bumbling), but did not mention Aquino by name.NEWS, Avendaño, Christine, June 24, 2015, Binay: Aquino government 'palpak',weblink June 24, 2015, Philippine Daily Inquirer, His running mate was confirmed to be Gregorio Honasan.

Gringo Honasan (UNA)

Senator Gregorio Honasan (United Nationalist Alliance) denied that he was going to be Jejomar Binay's running mate in September 2015.WEB, Gita, Ruth Abbey, September 22, 2015, Honasan denies tandem with Binay in 2016 polls,weblink October 15, 2015, Sun.Star Manila, September 28, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150928081946weblink">weblink dead, By the next month, however, he said that his team-up with Binay was possible.WEB, Ager, Maila, October 5, 2015, 'Bi-Hon' tandem in 2016 possible, says Honasan,weblink October 15, 2015, INQUIRER.net, On October 12, 2015, Honasan announced that he will be running with Binay as the latter's vice president.WEB, Delfin T. Mallari Jr., Now it's Honasan as possible Binay running mate, September 2015,weblink

Miriam Defensor Santiago (PRP)

In a press conference on July 2, 2014, Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago (People's Reform Party) revealed that she was suffering from stage 4 lung cancer and she might run as president for the third time if it goes into remission.NEWS, July 2, 2014, Senator Miriam Santiago may go for 2016 presidential bid if..., GMA News,weblink April 26, 2015, Called "the Iron Lady of Asia" and a recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, she was the widely expected winner of the 1992 election, but lost after an inexplicably unscheduled power outage during the counting of votes. She then ran for a Senate seat in 1995 and won. She became one of the most popular senators since then, owing to her broad media visibility as well as to the high number of laws and bills she authored, a record that stands up to this day. She once again ran for president in 1998, but lost, citing black propaganda against her during the campaign.By November 2014, Santiago, in a tweet, announced that "In the 2016 presidential elections, when I am rid of my lung cancer, I intend to claim the presidency I won in 1992." In a letter to the Senate, Santiago said that more than 90% of the cancer cells have regressed.NEWS, November 15, 2014, Miriam seriously eyeing presidency, ABS-CBNnews.com,weblink April 26, 2015, Santiago announced her candidacy for president in the launch of her book "Stupid is Forever" on October 13, 2015. She ran under the People's Reform Party, the same party in which she ran under during her 1992 and 1998 presidential campaigns.WEB, Bartolome, Jessica, October 13, 2015, Miriam announces presidential run in 2016,weblink October 13, 2015, GMA News, Days later, Santiago announced that Senator Bongbong Marcos would be her vice presidential running mate, a decision that largely earned criticism from progressives as Marcos is the son of the former president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Her platform stood on the effective and efficient upholding and implementation of national and state-recognized international laws, enhancement of the agriculture industry with a focus on irrigation and farm-to-market roads, enhancing all seaports and airports in the country, creating at least one major government project in all provinces and all regions in the Philippines, building and highlighting the country's diplomatic affairs in the international level while skyrocketing the country's defense capabilities, and eradicating graft and corruption, which she believes to be the cause of poverty and inefficiency in the country.WEB, Hegina, Aries Joseph, October 15, 2015, Miriam Santiago confirms Bongbong Marcos is her vice president,weblink October 27, 2015, INQUIRER.net, Presidential candidate Rodrigo Duterte gave in an interview in November 2015 his comments on his fellow candidates' qualities, stating that "[i]f you want extraordinary competence and integrity, vote for Miriam."NEWS, November 23, 2015, Duterte has 'car but no gasoline' for 2016 race, BusinessWorld, BusinessWorld Online, BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation,weblink February 11, 2016, January 10, 2019,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190110184435weblink">weblink dead,

Bongbong Marcos (Independent)

Asked on a November 2012 interview at DZBB on his plans to run in 2016, Senator Bongbong Marcos (Nacionalista Party) said "never say never."NEWS, Macaraig, Ayee, November 25, 2012, Marcos on 2016: Never say never, Rappler.com,weblink By March 2015, in another interview, this time at DZMM, he said that he "will thoroughly study everything."NEWS, Ramos-Araneta, Macon, March 23, 2015, Bongbong admits he's eyeing presidential run, Manila Standard Today,weblink dead, March 24, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150330011959weblink">weblink March 30, 2015, In August 2015, after reports surfaced of him being Jejomar Binay's running mate, Marcos clarified on an interview at the ABS-CBN News Channel that he is still undecided on what position to run for, but he would certainly not be defending his Senate seat.NEWS, Salaverria, Leila B., August 27, 2015, Bongbong Marcos mulls over Palace run,weblink August 27, 2015, Philippine Daily Inquirer, On October 5, 2015, Senator Bongbong Marcos announced his candidacy for vice president in the 2016 election, and would support the candidacy of Rodrigo Duterte if he ever does run.NEWS, October 5, 2015, Bongbong Marcos running for vice president in 2016, CNN Philippines,weblink October 5, 2015, October 8, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151008085446weblink">weblink dead, Days later, Duterte declined Cayetano's and Marcos' offers to be their presidential running mate.

Rodrigo Duterte (PDP–Laban)

Early in 2015, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte made hints to the media of his intent to run for the presidency come 2016, with a widely praised promise of abolishing Congress altogether in favor of a Parliament should he win.NEWS, January 26, 2015, Duterte talks about what he'll do if he's elected president in 2016, Coconuts Manila,weblink NEWS, Serrano, Ben, January 26, 2015, Duterte eyes abolition of Congress, Yahoo News Philippines,weblink NEWS, Serrano, Ben, January 26, 2015, Duterte eyes abolition of Congress if elected president in 2016, The Philippine Star,weblink Earlier, in February 2014, Duterte was reportedly enjoying the support of several netizens lauding his performance as mayor of Davao City, especially in maintaining peace and order in the city, but he was quick to shrug off calls for him to run for president, saying he was not qualified for a higher public office.NEWS, Hogaza, Mary Rose, February 5, 2014, Duterte shrugs off calls to run for president, Manila Bulletin,weblink A year later, Duterte said in a Baguio federalism forum that he'll only run for president "if (it is) to save the republic." Duterte cited the need of about 10 to 15 billion pesos for a campaign war chest as what was keeping him from running.NEWS, Micua, Leonardo V., February 19, 2015, Duterte to run for president 'if only to save the republic' but does not have P10B in campaign money, Philippine News Agency, Interaksyon.com,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150221211132weblink">weblink February 21, 2015, Days later, however, Duterte "re-entered" PDP–Laban; he maintained he never left the party, and only had to stand under a local party banner (Hugpong) in the 2013 local election in order to ensure his victory.NEWS, Esmaquel, Paterno II, February 21, 2015, Duterte 're-enters' PDP-Laban amid 2016 prospects, Rappler.com,weblink June 1, 2015, PDP–Laban president Aquilino Pimentel III later said that Duterte was among his party's options for a presidential candidate for 2016, noting that the party's position on federalism coincides with Duterte's advocacy.NEWS, Fernandez, Amanda, February 21, 2015, Pimentel: PDP-Laban might field Davao Mayor Duterte in 2016 polls, GMA News Online,weblink A few days after reports came out saying incumbent Vice President Jejomar Binay (a presidential aspirant) was eyeing Duterte as his possible running mate, Duterte issued a statement saying he was not interested in running for a national post.NEWS, May 23, 2015, Duterte: I won't run for national post in 2016, ABS-CBNnews.com,weblink May 23, 2015, In September 2014, Duterte already declined presidential aspirant and incumbent senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago's offer to be her running mate, saying that instead of picking him as the senator's running mate, she could ask former defense secretary Gilberto Teodoro, Jr. instead.NEWS, September 14, 2014, Poe says no; Duterte tells Santiago: Take Gibo Teodoro, INQUIRER.net,weblink May 13, 2015, However, in October 2015, Santiago chose Bongbong Marcos as her running mate.WEB, Miriam Santiago: Bongbong Marcos is my running mate,weblink Rappler, October 15, 2015, Later, during the June 21, 2015 airing of his weekly program in a local channel (Gikan Sa Masa, Para Sa Masa), Duterte stated that he was considering suggestions from his friends and supporters to run for president. He also added that he will stop expressing non-interest in starting a presidential campaign.NEWS, Dioquino, Rose-An Jessica, Aguinaldo, Sandra, June 22, 2015, Duterte says he will now 'consider' presidential bid, GMA News,weblink June 22, 2015, On September 7, 2015, in a press conference held at Davao City, Duterte officially declared he will not be running for president in 2016 and apologized to all of his supporters on the decision. He additionally stated that he might retire from politics after his term as mayor of Davao City ends in 2016 and his daughter runs for the office. Other factors he states of his possible retirement included age, health concerns and his family's objections.Duterte's final answer: I won't run for president - Inquirer.net. Mixed reactions erupted in social media hours after the declaration and several supporters still continued to petition online, urging the mayor to revert his decision.Duterte's die-hard fans refuse to lose hope as mayor shows up in events - Inquirer.net.On September 26, 2015, a large number of supporters gathered at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila to urge Duterte to officially run for the presidency in 2016.Duterte supporters all set for 'million people march' - ABS-CBN News.Rally for Duterte not a 'million people march' - ABS-CBN News. Despite being an undeclared candidate, Pulse Asia Research Director Ana Tabunda still considered Duterte "a serious contender" as he was already ranked 4th in a presidential survey done by Pulse Asia from late August to early September, as well as in a Social Weather Stations survey.Pulse Asia poll: Duterte now a serious contender - ABS-CBN News. Duterte's long-time political rival and critic, former House Speaker Prospero Nograles, also expressed his support for Duterte if ever the latter decided to run for the presidency.Nograles declares support for Duterte's presidential bid - Sun.Star Manila. On September 29, incumbent Senator Alan Peter Cayetano declared his intention to run for the 2016 vice presidential post in a press event held in Davao City and considered Duterte his first choice as running mate for the presidential post; this eventually led to a meeting between the two parties.Cayetano woos Duterte: We need a real leader - ABS-CBN News. A day after meeting with Cayetano, Duterte met with another incumbent senator, Bongbong Marcos, who also went to Davao City to personally talk to Duterte. Marcos was reportedly considering running for the vice presidential post as well; Marcos had not yet made any formal proclamation at that time. As with the Cayetano meeting, Duterte still declared that he was not running for president.WEB,weblink Marcos meets with Duterte in Davao City - CNN Philippines., October 29, 2015, March 4, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304201627weblink">weblink dead, On October 13, 2015, in a press conference held at a local hotel in Davao City, Duterte finalized his decision not to run for the presidency, with daughter Sara's objection being pointed out as one of the main contributors.Duterte insists: I'm not running - PhilStar.On October 15, 2015, Duterte, through a representative, filed his candidacy for Mayor of Davao City at the local elections office.WEB,weblink Rodrigo Duterte to seek re-election as Davao City mayor - CNN Philippines., October 29, 2015, March 4, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304123433weblink">weblink dead, A day later, Duterte's daughter Sara, posted on her Instagram account a photo of her candidacy as mayor of Davao City, while hinting that her father would seek a higher post and withdraw his mayoral re-election bid.Sara Duterte prepares COC for Davao mayor, hints at dad's presidential run - GMA News Online. However, it was not received by the commission in Davao City.Duterte aide: Sara didn't file COC for mayor - GMA News Online. Duterte's possibility of substitution until December 10 was opened after Martin Diño, father of celebrity Liza Diño, chairman of Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption, and former barangay captain of Brgy. San Antonio, Quezon City, filed his candidacy for president on the last minute. Diño is a member of PDP–Laban, the same party advocating the federalism system where Duterte belongs.Duterte: ‘I won't be a substitute candidate’ - Inquirer.net. Diño clarified that there was a "clerical error" on his submitted candidacy (running for Pasay mayor, instead of president). On their general meeting held in Pasay on October 26, members of PDP–Laban had expressed their support to Diño in his presidential bid.WEB, October 26, 2015, PDP–Laban's Martin Diño says he's not a spare tire,weblink October 26, 2015, GMA News, On October 21, Duterte told CNN Philippines' News.PH interview that there was still a chance he would change his mind. The decision, however, would have to be made by the PDP–Laban.WEB, Duterte: It's up to PDP–Laban to substitute me as standard bearer - CNN Philippines.,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304115908weblink">weblink March 4, 2016, October 29, 2015, On October 27, PDP–Laban confirmed that Duterte will substitute as the party's presidential bet if Diño withdraws or is disqualified by the Commission of Elections.WEB,weblink PDP-Laban decision final: Duterte to substitute if Diño withdraws presidential bid - CNN Philippines., October 28, 2015, March 4, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160304124142weblink">weblink dead, Two days later, Diño withdrew his presidential bid and named Duterte as his substitute because of a possibility that Diño might be declared as a nuisance candidate by the commission.WEB, Takumi, Rie, Martin Diño withdraws candidacy for president, names Duterte as substitute,weblink October 29, 2015, gmanetwork.com, On November 21, in a gathering held in his alma mater San Beda College, Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and also finally accepted Alan Peter Cayetano's offer to be his running mate.WEB, Duterte makes a stand,weblink November 22, 2015, Manila Bulletin, Duterte said he was disappointed over the decision made by the Senate Electoral Tribunal regarding Grace Poe's citizenship as well as the current administration's handling of the 'laglag-bala' issue.WEB, Duterte now open to running, says he is disappointed over Poe decision and 'laglag-bala',weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151122083736weblink">weblink November 22, 2015, Kicker Daily News, Duterte further stated that he will file his candidacy immediately after he reached out to his party.Duterte decides to run for president - ABS-CBN News. However, the legality of Duterte's substitution for Diño was questioned by some electoral lawyers because of an error made in Diño's certificate of candidacy that made him a Pasay mayoral bet despite being a resident of Quezon City.Duterte topped all other candidates, including former front-runner Grace Poe, in a survey published November 25, 2015, and held by Pulse Asia.WEB, Duterte leads in Metro poll,weblink November 26, 2015, inquirer.net, November 26, 2015, Poe said that the survey was 'inconclusive' and 'not reflective' and claimed it was made by Duterte's camp.WEB, Poe camp calls poll topped by Duterte 'inconclusive',weblink November 26, 2015, Inquirer, November 26, 2015, The day after, Duterte filed his certificate of candidacy at the commission main office in Manila and withdrew his bid for Mayor of Davao City (for which he was substituted by his daughter, Sara).WEB, November 27, 2015, Duterte files COC for president,weblink November 27, 2015, GMA News,

Alan Peter Cayetano (Independent)

In a March 2013 interview with the ABS-CBN News Channel, Senator Alan Peter Cayetano (Nacionalista Party), said that "I want to be president of this country."NEWS, March 5, 2014, Senator Alan Cayetano on 2016 polls: 'I want to be president', ANC - Yahoo,weblink dead, June 10, 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20140308155238weblink">weblink March 8, 2014, In September 2015, after several surveys saw him trailing in the presidential race, said that he is withdrawing from the presidential election, and would instead focus for the vice presidency, preferably as the running mate of either Mar Roxas or Rodrigo Duterte.A few days later in a Davao City meeting, Cayetano announced that he will seek candidacy for running as vice president. Cayetano, who he is the member of Nacionalista Party, did not mention his presidential running-mate as the Nacionalistas will meet in a few days, for their decision.WEB, Viray, Patricia Lourdes, September 19, 2015, Cayetano to run for VP,weblink September 29, 2015, INQUIRER.net, On October 1, Duterte said that if he would ever run for president, he would prefer Cayetano to be his running mate.WEB, October 1, 2015, Duterte wants Cayetano as 2016 running mate if he decides to run,weblink October 15, 2015, The Business Mirror, Days later, Duterte declined the offer to be Cayetano and Bongbong Marcos' offers to be their presidential running mate.WEB, Colina, Antonio L. IV, October 4, 2015, Duterte declines team-up offer of Cayetano, Marcos,weblink October 15, 2015, MindaNews, However, during a phone interview with the Philippine Daily Inquirer In November 2015, Cayetano confirmed Duterte as his running mate if ever the latter confirms his candidacy for presidency.NEWS, Calleja, Niña, Ubac, Michael Lim, November 22, 2015, IT'S OFFICIAL: Duterte, Cayetano team up for 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink November 24, 2015,

Grace Poe (Independent)

Grace Poe's surprising first-place finish in the 2013 Senate election as an independent made her a likely contender for the presidency but she dismissed any plans of running in April 2014, saying she was not considering "anything higher at this point" and even declaring that Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago was the most qualified to run as president.NEWS, Burgonio, TJ, April 1, 2014, Grace Poe says she's not ready for 2016 Palace run, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink On President Aquino's state visit to Canada in May 2015, the president disclosed that he had met with Poe prior to the trip, although he didn't say what the meeting was for.NEWS, Medina, Andrei, May 9, 2015, PNoy confirms talking politics with Poe but is mum on details, GMA News Online,weblink May 17, 2015, A couple of days later, Poe confirmed that she did meet with Aquino. Poe said that they "discussed his intention to choose a candidate who, first and foremost, has the trust of the nation, and, secondly, has the potential to win in the election, in order to sustain the reforms especially against corruption and the pro-poor programs of the government." Poe expected more meetings with Aquino in June.NEWS, Reyes, Ernie, May 11, 2015, Poe: PNoy offered no position yet, more talks seen this June, Interaksyon.com,weblink dead, May 17, 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150518095936weblink">weblink May 18, 2015, On June 2, UNA interim president Toby Tiangco, responding to calls for Jejomar Binay to "come clean" on his corruption allegations, said in a press conference that Poe is not qualified to run either for president or vice president after citing her certificate of candidacy in the 2013 Senate election, which stated that she is a resident for six years and six months; adding three years for the 2016 election, nine years and six months or six months short mandated by the constitution.WEB, Cayabyab, Marc, June 2, 2015, Grace Poe lacks residency, not qualified to run for president or VP – solon,weblink June 7, 2015, INQUIRER.net, Two days later, before a Senate session, Poe said that she wrote "six years and six months" because it was in April 2006 that her home in the United States was sold. Poe, who had been a resident of the United States for 13 years, returned to the Philippines after her father Fernando Poe, Jr., a presidential candidate in the 2004 elections, died in December 2004. She said that she had proof that she has been living in the Philippines since February 2005. She said, that despite being a congressman for Navotas, Tiangco lives elsewhere, and that her decision on whether to run in 2016 is "50%" sure. Poe also observed that the attacks from UNA only began after she signed the Senate Blue Ribbon subcommittee report recommending plunder and graft cases against Binay.NEWS, June 4, 2015, Grace Poe: I'm qualified,weblink June 7, 2015, Philippine Daily Inquirer, On September 16, at a gathering at the University of the Philippines Diliman in Quezon City, Poe announced her intention to seek the presidency, saying that "no one person or group has a monopoly on a straight path advocacy" of President Aquino, a shot against the Aquino party's nominee Roxas, who was advocating for continuation of the "Daang Matuwid" (straight path) advocacy of Aquino; while also hitting the Administration programs. This resulted in the Palace questioning their Daang Matuwid advocacy contrary to their speeches.WEB, Torregoza, Hannah, September 16, 2015, Poe in 2016,weblink September 17, 2015, Manila Bulletin, On December 1, the commission's second division had formally disqualified Poe from running as president in the 2016 elections and cancelled her filed Certificate of Candidacy for not failing to meet with citizenship and residency requirements. The division voted 3–0 in favor of the petition filed by Attorney Estrella Elamparo to disqualify Poe. The decision stated that Poe had failed to comply with the 10-year residency requirement, mandatory for a presidential candidate.WEB, December 1, 2015, Comelec division disqualifies Poe from 2016 presidential race,weblink December 1, 2015, GMA News Online, On December 23, 2015, the commission en banc disqualified Poe from running as president in the 2016 elections for failing to meet the 10-year residency requirement.NEWS, December 23, 2015, Comelec en banc bars Grace Poe from running in 2016, Rappler.com,weblink December 23, 2015, Philippines Election Faces Turmoil as Favorite Grace Poe Disqualified , The Wall Street Journal. December 23, 2015. Poe said she would appeal the disqualification to the Supreme Court. On December 28, 2015, the Supreme Court issued two temporary restraining orders against the decision of the commission en banc.Philippines Presidential Election: Grace Poe Kept On Ballot For Now By Supreme Court, International Business Times. December 28, 2015.On March 8, 2016, voting 9–6, the Supreme Court voted to affirm Poe's natural-born status and 10-year residency.NEWS, Tupaz, Voltaire, March 8, 2016, SC allows Grace Poe to run for president, Rappler,weblink March 8, 2016, NEWS, Torres-Tupas, Tetch, March 8, 2016, SC rules in favor of Poe in DQ case, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink March 8, 2016, On April 9, 2016, the Supreme Court declared their ruling as final and executory.NEWS, Torres-Tupas, Tetch, April 9, 2016, No more roadblocks: SC paves way for Grace Poe run, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink April 9, 2016,

Francis Escudero (Independent)

Senator Francis Escudero (independent) said in a March 2012 Rappler interview that "Let me be honest, candid, yet factual about it. I would be very interested in seeking a higher office in 2016 for the simple reason that I'm halfway through my last term."NEWS, Fonbuena, Carmela, April 20, 2012, Chiz 'very interested' in 2016 race, Rappler.com,weblink January 25, 2014, September 12, 2019,weblink dead, By May 2015, Grace Poe told reporters that she would not run against Escudero.NEWS, Macaraig, Ayee, May 14, 2014, Escudero on 2016: Poe and I haven't decided, Rappler.com,weblink May 24, 2015, On September 17 at the Club Filipino in San Juan, Escudero announced his vice presidential bid, becoming Poe's running mate.WEB, Ager, Maila, September 17, 2015, It's official: Grace Poe, Chiz Escudero to run together in 2016,weblink September 21, 2015, INQUIRER.net,

Mar Roxas (Liberal)

Senate President Franklin Drilon, when describing the Liberal Party's plans for Interior Secretary Mar Roxas' in 2016, told the media in January 2013 that "so far as the LP is concerned, [and] in so far as I am concerned, we believe that he is best qualified for 2016."NEWS, January 13, 2013, Drilon: Mar Roxas is LP's bet in 2016 presidential polls, GMA News Online,weblink Two years later, Drilon told DZIQ AM radio that Roxas had expressed his interest internally within the party.NEWS, Salaverria, Leila B., Calleja, Niña P., April 18, 2015, Surprise: Roxas tells LP he will run in 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink April 18, 2015, Several Liberal Party stalwarts had by then expressed that Roxas should declare his intentions at that time,NEWS, Legaspi, Amita O., May 18, 2015, Drilon tells Mar Roxas: Declare plan to run for President, GMA News Online,weblink May 20, 2015, with some such as Budget Secretary Florencio Abad suggesting that Roxas may slide down to run for the vice presidency again.NEWS, Esguerra, Christian V., May 17, 2015, Roxas may slide down for Poe, says LP, INQUIRER.net,weblink May 20, 2015, Aquino had a series of meetings between Roxas, Grace Poe and Francis Escudero from prior to Aquino's state visit to Canada in May, until days before his final State of the Nation Address in July, including a July dinner with all three of them at the Bahay Pangarap, Aquino's official residence at the Malacañang Palace complex. While Roxas was seen as Aquino's choice to succeed him, another question was who would be Roxas' running mate, as Poe had earlier said that she'd rather run with Escudero as her running mate.WEB, July 16, 2015, Aquino hosts make-or-break dinner meeting,weblink August 1, 2015, INQUIRER.net, On July 31, 2015, at an event dubbed as "A Gathering of Friends", Roxas formally accepted the Liberal Party's nomination after he was officially endorsed by President Benigno Aquino III in the presence of their political allies at the Club Filipino, San Juan, where Roxas had announced his decision to withdraw from the 2010 presidential election and give way to Aquino's presidential bid. Aquino also announced his candidacy there on September 9, 2009.NEWS, July 31, 2015, Emotional Roxas accepts PNoy endorsement, GMA News,weblink July 31, 2015, On the same day, Roxas formally launched his campaign website.

Leni Robredo (Liberal)

In August 2015, Representative Leni Robredo, from Camarines Sur's third district (Liberal Party), said that talk of plans of her running in 2016 is "too soon", and that she'd only run if she's "indispensable".WEB, Cupin, Bea, August 4, 2015, Leni Robredo on VP race: 'Too soon',weblink August 5, 2015, Rappler, After the initial objections of her daughters, Robredo decided to run for vice president, accepting the offers of President Aquino and Mar Roxas.NEWS, Lozada, Aaron, October 5, 2015, What convinced Leni Robredo to run for VP, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, ABS-CBN Corporation,weblink October 6, 2015, She officially announced her candidacy for the office on October 5, 2015, at the Club Filipino.NEWS, Cruz, RG, October 5, 2015, Leni is Mar's running mate, ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs, ABS-CBN Corporation,weblink October 6, 2015,

Standalone vice presidential candidate

One vice presidential candidate did not have a running mate.

Antonio Trillanes (Independent)

In the news program Bandila's May 30, 2014, segment where a guest is asked to answer only "yes" or "no," Senator Antonio Trillanes IV (Nacionalista Party) was asked if he would run for vice president in 2016 and responded by saying "Let's just say yes, I will run. As for what position, I will abide by the Nacionalista Party."NEWS, Ager, Maila, May 30, 2014, Trillanes: I will run for a higher position in 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink By August 2015, Trillanes revealed his plans of running as an independent vice presidential candidate, saying that the Nacionalistas would not endorse a candidate if more than one of them ran for the vice presidency. Trillanes' own group, Magdalo, backed his vice presidential bid.NEWS, Viray, Patricia Lourdes, August 19, 2015, Trillanes to run as independent VP in 2016, The Philippine Star,weblink September 20, 2015, In a general assembly of MAGDALO coalition members, Trillanes announced that he will run for vice president as an Independent, but will support the presidential bid of Senator Grace Poe.WEB, As Poe thanks Trillanes, Binay camp blasts senator's VP bid,weblink dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151208090433weblink">weblink December 8, 2015, InterAksyon.com, WEB, Chiz grateful for Trillanes, Magdalo's Poe endorsement,weblink philstar.com, Trillanes questioned the presidential bid of Rodrigo Duterte, saying that if Duterte wins, his presidency will be a disaster to the Philippines.NEWS, January 6, 2016, Trillanes: Duterte presidency a disaster for PH, ABS-CBN News,weblink March 21, 2016,

Debates

The Commission on Elections confirmed that they will organize three presidential debates and one vice presidential debate. This was the first time that the commission organized debates since the 1992 presidential election. The debates were dubbed as PiliPinas Debates 2016 ({{Translation|The Philippines Chooses}}).NEWS,weblink 6 presidential bets confirm attendance to Comelec debates, Philippine Star, January 21, 2016, February 14, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160222101647weblink">weblink February 22, 2016, dead, A separate debate, Harapan ng Bise ({{Translation|Face-off of the Vice [Presidents]}}), was organized and hosted by ABS-CBN. Not all vice presidential candidates attended.NEWS, Bueza, Michael, 43 minutes of TV ads in 2-hour ABS-CBN VP debate,weblink April 18, 2016, Rappler, April 18, 2016, {| class="wikitable" width=75% style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align:center;"|+Legendblack P }} {{smallblack A }} {{small|Absent}}

Presidential debates {| class"wikitable"

!Date!Organizers!Media partners!Location!style="width:5em;"|Binay!style="width:5em;"|Defensor Santiago!style="width:5em;"|Duterte!style="width:5em;"|Poe!style="width:5em;"|Roxas|February 21, 2016COMELEC|GMA Network and Philippine Daily Inquirer|Capitol University, Cagayan de OroPPPPP|March 20, 2016TV5 (Philippines)>TV5, Philippine Star and BusinessWorld|University of the Philippines Cebu, Cebu CityPAPPP|April 24, 2016|ABS-CBN and Manila Bulletin|University of Pangasinan, DagupanPPPPP

Vice presidential debates {| class"wikitable"

!Date!Organizers!Media partners! Location!style="width:5em;"|Cayetano!style="width:5em;"|Escudero!style="width:5em;"|Honasan!style="width:5em;"|Marcos!style="width:5em;"|Robredo!style="width:5em;"|Trillanes|April 10, 2016Commission on Elections (Philippines)>COMELEC|CNN Philippines, Rappler and Business Mirror|University of Santo Tomas, ManilaPPPPPP|April 17, 2016|ABS-CBN|ABS-CBN| ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center, Quezon CityPPAAPP

Opinion polling

Opinion polling in Philippines is conducted by Social Weather Stations (SWS), Pulse Asia and other third-party pollsters.

For president

{{#section:Opinion polling for the 2016 Philippine presidential election|Presidential surveys chart}}

For vice president

{{#section:Opinion polling for the 2016 Philippine presidential election|Vice presidential surveys chart}}

Campaign

File:Vote-rich provinces in the 2016 Philippine elections.png|thumb|Provinces that have more than one million voters for this election. Together, along with Metro ManilaMetro ManilaWhile the campaign period as set by law started on February 9, 2016, candidates had earlier started campaigning as early as late 2015, as the courts have struck the ban on premature campaigning as unconstitutional.

Issues

The continuation of outgoing president Benigno Aquino III's policies is seen to be the main theme for this election. Former Interior Secretary Mar Roxas promises the continuation of the "Daang Matuwid" ("straight path") anti-corruption drive by the last president, which is appealing among the elites. Roxas's base was mostly middle-class Filipinos. Vice President Jejomar Binay's policies is seen to be opposite of Aquino's, such as the former's opposition to the enactment of the Bangsamoro Basic Law, and on how to approach China concerning the territorial disputes in the South China Sea, while presenting himself as a man of the people, and fighting out allegations of corruption while serving as mayor of Makati, the country's financial hub. Senator Grace Poe's campaign is seen to be an alternative to Roxas and Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte; her image as untarnished by corruption is liked by the elite, while she sends messages that are pro-poor. Duterte is banking on a law and order platform, which includes the proposals concerning federalism in the Philippines. Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago, who almost won the presidency in 1992, insists that she has recovered from cancer.NEWS, Domínguez, Gabriel, Who are the Philippines' top presidential candidates?,weblink March 4, 2016, Deutsche Welle, February 9, 2016,

Start of campaign period for national positions

Proclamation rallies were held by all five presidential tickets at the start of campaigning on February 9. The Jejomar Binay and Gregorio Honasan ticket started their campaign at a slum in Mandaluyong, to "be with the Filipino poor". Rodrigo Duterte and Alan Peter Cayetano started campaigning at Tondo, Manila. Roxas City, the hometown of Mar Roxas, was the host of the Roxas and Leni Robredo tandem's proclamation rally. Grace Poe and Francis Escudero had their proclamation rally at Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila. Miriam Defensor Santiago held their proclamation rally at her running mate's Bongbong Marcos' hometown of Batac, Ilocos Norte. Antonio Trillanes kicked off his campaign at General Santos.NEWS, Viray, Patricia Lourdes, National candidates kick off campaign season,weblink March 4, 2016, Philippine Star, February 9, 2016, On the first presidential debate since 1992 on February 21 in Cagayan de Oro hosted by GMA Network, the candidates commented that they were not given enough time to express their views.NEWS,weblink Roxas rues limited time allotted in presidential debate, February 23, 2016, Manila Bulletin, Recuenco, Aaron, February 23, 2016, NEWS,weblink Make debates commercial-free, lawmaker asks Comelec, February 22, 2016, Manila Bulletin, Aquino, Leslie Ann, Geducos, Argyll Cyrus, Rosario, Ben, February 22, 2016, The Binay campaign lamented that the question on political dynasties was asked on him at a round where supposedly issues about Mindanao were the topics.NEWS,weblink Binay camp rues 'inappropriate question' in debate, February 22, 2016, Manila Bulletin, en, fil, Quismorio, Ellson, February 22, 2016, Several weeks later, on March 8, the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the commission to disqualify Poe, thereby allowing her to run.NEWS,weblink SC allows Grace Poe to run for president, Tupaz, Voltaire, March 8, 2016, Rappler, March 8, 2016, In the Visayas leg of the presidential debate held in Cebu City hosted by TV5, the respective campaigns were generally more receptive of the conduct of the debate. The debate proper though was delayed due to a misunderstanding of the rules: Binay was informed by debate moderator Luchi Cruz-Valdez that bringing of notes was allowed, but the commission ruled it out when the Roxas camp objected to it.NEWS, Pasion, Patty, Candidates more 'satisfied' with 2nd election debate,weblink June 2, 2016, Rappler.com, March 21, 2015,

Start of campaign period for local positions

Candidates started gaining endorsements from local politicians when campaigning for local positions started just right before Easter. Poe got the endorsement of Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada over Binay, who was Estrada's running mate in 2010.NEWS,weblink Estrada endorses Poe for president, Marcos for VP, Andolong, Ina, March 28, 2016, CNN Philippines, March 29, 2016, March 31, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160331072407weblink">weblink dead, One Cebu abandoned their original support for Binay to Duterte, vowing to deliver one million votes.NEWS, One Cebu backs Duterte, vows to deliver 1M vote difference,weblink June 1, 2016, Sun.Star Cebu, April 3, 2016, Binay also lost the support of the Remullas of Cavite of which Cavite Governor Jonvic is his spokesperson, to Duterte.NEWS, Francisco, Katerina, Cepeda, Mara, Duterte: Jonvic Remulla and I 'promised to work together',weblink June 1, 2016, Rappler.com, May 5, 2016, On an April 17 campaign rally, Duterte said on an Australian rape victim that "Was I mad because she was raped? Yes, that's one of the reasons. But she really was beautiful. The mayor should have been first."NEWS,weblink Duterte on 1989 Australian rape victim: 'Napakaganda. Dapat ang mayor muna ang mauna', News5, April 17, 2016, April 17, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160418193459weblink">weblink April 18, 2016, dead, This was met by condemnation both from his opponents,NEWS,weblink Poe, Roxas, Binay hit Duterte: Rape is a serious crime, not a joke, Rappler, April 17, 2016, April 17, 2016, and other sectors of society, including the Australian ambassador to Manila.NEWS,weblink Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte condemned for comments on rape of Australian missionary, Sydney Morning Herald, April 17, 2016, April 17, 2016, Duterte apologized for the incident, blamed his "gutter language", but did not apologize for his remarks.NEWS,weblink Rivals slam Duterte for 'distasteful' rape joke, Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 17, 2016, April 17, 2016, The third leg of the presidential debate was held in Pangasinan on April 24. When asked about the ongoing South China Sea dispute, Duterte said he will abide the decision of the arbitral tribunal in the Philippines v. China case, and if tribunal rules in favor of the Philippines and China refuses to honor the decision, he will ride a jetski to the disputed islands to plant a Philippine flag.WEB, Marcelo, Elizabeth, April 24, 2016, Duterte to plant flag on Scarborough; Miriam to bomb Chinese stealing fish,weblink live, August 17, 2021, GMA News Online, en,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20170226100917weblink">weblink February 26, 2017, On April 26, Antonio Trillanes claims that Duterte has a bank account worth ₱211 million that wasn't declared in his statement of assets, liabilities and net worth. On the same day, Duterte denied the existence of the bank accounts, which were supposedly in a Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) branch in Julia Vargas Avenue in Pasig, and was jointly held with his daughter Sara.NEWS, Carvajal, Nancy C., Trillanes: Duterte didn't declare P211M in SALN,weblink June 2, 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer, April 27, 2016, A day later, Duterte acknowledged the existence of the bank account at the BPI branch in Julia Vargas, but it had "only thousands" in funds. Duterte later challenged Trillanes to execute an affidavit stating how he got the information, and he'd promise to open the account.NEWS, Reyes, Mia, 'FABRICATION', Duterte acknowledges BPI account, repudiates P211-M Trillanes expose,weblink June 2, 2016, News5, April 28, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160519171323weblink">weblink May 19, 2016, dead, On May 2, Trillanes and Duterte's lawyer met at the BPI Julia Vargas branch. Duterte's lawyer brought with him a special power of attorney requesting BPI to certify the existence of Duterte's account.NEWS, Trillanes, Duterte lawyer show up at BPI-Julia Vargas,weblink June 2, 2016, ABS-CBN News, May 2, 2016, In the end, no bank records were released, as the bank asked for more time to accede to the request. Trillanes expressed disappointment, as the special power of attorney invoked on whether the bank account asked for the current balance of the account, not the transaction history that he wanted.NEWS, BPI Julia Vargas face-off a dud: No records released,weblink June 2, 2016, CNN Philippines, May 3, 2016, May 28, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160528234355weblink">weblink dead, A week before the election, an anti-Duterte advertisement began appearing on television; it was already on rotation in radio stations. Paid for by Trillanes, the commercial features children reacting to Duterte's controversial remarks. The video shows several children remarking Duterte's controversial remarks and acts, including his cursing of Pope Francis and the comments about the rape-slay on the Australian missionary.NEWS, Anti Duterte TV Advertisement / Commercial, YouTube,weblinkweblink October 30, 2021, {{cbignore}}NEWS, May 5, 2016, Anti-Duterte ad causes uproar online, ABS-CBN News,weblink May 7, 2016, It was widely disapproved at social media.NEWS, Anti-Duterte ad causes uproar online,weblink June 1, 2016, ABS-CBN News, May 5, 2016, ABS-CBN defended their decision to air the ad, saying that "We are duty-bound to air a legitimate ad." A similar ad also aired on GMA Network. Alan Peter Cayetano said that the ad had been rejected by other TV networks, but was "blindly approved" by ABS-CBN's ethics committee.NEWS, Corrales, Nestor, ABS-CBN on 'anti-Duterte' TVC: We are duty-bound to air legitimate ad,weblink June 1, 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 6, 2016, He also accused President Benigno Aquino III and two other rivals such as Mar Roxas and Grace Poe and ABS-CBN of making the ad.NEWS, SAKSI: Pag-ere ng kontrobersyal na anti-Duterte ad, pinigil ng korte, GMA News,weblinkweblink October 30, 2021, YouTube, {{cbignore}} A Taguig court later disallowed the commercial to be aired, saying that "These advertisements do manifestly oppose a candidate and thus the court cannot allow minor children to be used in such black propaganda."NEWS, Lema, Karen, Philippine court halts rare TV attack ad showing kids against Duterte,weblink Reuters, May 6, 2016, A few days before the election, Roxas called for Poe to back out, in order to defeat Duterte. Poe rebuffed Roxas' offer, saying that she would never withdraw from the presidential race.NEWS, Gita, Ruth Abbey, Roxas calls for a dialogue with Poe,weblink June 1, 2016, Sun.Star Manila, May 6, 2016, May 7, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160507173947weblink">weblink dead, Meanwhile, President Aquino also called on Poe, Binay and Santiago to unite against Duterte. A Binay spokesperson retorted that instead of the president calling for unity against a specific candidate, Aquino should've just insured of clean elections.NEWS, EXCLUSIVE: President Aquino calls for united front against Duterte,weblink June 1, 2016, CNN Philippines, May 7, 2016, June 8, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160608205531weblink">weblink dead,

Miting de avance

A tradition of Philippine politics, the "miting de avance" is the final political rally before the election itself. For the Duterte campaign, the miting de avance was held at Rizal Park in Manila; however, his campaign pointed to the Liberal Party of sabotaging the rally, as backhoes dug up holes in the park. The administrators of the park countered that they were only removing the asphalt from the Burnham green of the park.NEWS, Ramirez, Robertzon, Admin hit for alleged sabotage of Duterte's miting de avance,weblink June 1, 2016, The Philippine Star, May 7, 2016, Two days before the election, all mitings de avance were held in Metro Manila. The Santiago campaign held their "youth supporters rally" at West Triangle, Quezon City. The Roxas campaign held theirs at the Quezon Memorial Circle in the same city, while the Binay campaign held it at the corner of Kalayaan Avenue and Lawton Avenue in Makati. Grace Poe held her miting de avance at Plaza Miranda in Manila. The Duterte campaign pushed through with their rally at Rizal Park.NEWS, Last hurrah: Miting de Avance schedules for May 7,weblink June 1, 2016, CNN Philippines, May 7, 2016, May 10, 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20160510100624weblink">weblink dead,

Results

Congress canvassed the results in record time of three days. Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte and Representative from Camarines Sur Leni Robredo were proclaimed president and vice president on May 30, in front of a joint session, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex. Duterte notably skipped his proclamation, as he has consistently skipped his prior proclamations.WEB,weblink Duterte, Robredo win 2016 polls, May 27, 2016, ABS-CBN News,

For president

(File:2016 Philippine presidential election provincial results.png|thumb|As above, but showing the percentages of the winning candidate per province and city. Note that to avoid confusion with Roxas, the color used for Duterte here is red, which was his campaign color.)All candidates except for Poe and Santiago carried their respective hometowns. Duterte carried the majority of Mindanao, the so-called "Mega Manila" (except Makati where Binay won) and the Cebuano-speaking provinces in the Visayas, except Negros Oriental. Roxas carried the Ilonggo-speaking provinces, the Waray speaking provinces, Negros Oriental, his running mate's province of Camarines Sur and neighboring Albay in Bicol, and Mimaropa. Poe carried most of the Ilocos Region, except Ilocos Norte, including her father's home province of Pangasinan. Binay carried his parents' home region of Cagayan Valley and his hometown of Makati, where he served as mayor for several decades. Santiago didn't win in any province.{{Philippine presidential election, 2016}}{{bar box|title=Popular vote|titlebar=#ddd|width=600px|barwidth=410px|bars={{bar percent|Rodrigo Duterte|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|39.01}}{{bar percent|Mar Roxas|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|23.45}}{{bar percent|Grace Poe|{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}}|21.39}}{{bar percent|Jejomar Binay|{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}}|12.73}}{{bar percent|Miriam Defensor Santiago|{{party color|People's Reform Party}}|3.42}}}}

By region {| class"wikitable collapsible collapsed" style"text-align:right; font-size:92%; line-height:20px;"

! width="200" rowspan="3"| Region! width="110" colspan="2"| Duterte! width="110" colspan="2"| Roxas! width="110" colspan="2"| Poe! width="110" colspan="2"| Binay! width="110" colspan="2"| Santiago! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Reform Party}};"|! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %Ilocos Region>I| 621,827| 25.77| 309,634| 12.83Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|834,439}}Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|34.57}}| 449,792| 18.64| 197,791| 8.20Cordillera Administrative Region>CAR| 134,049| 18.67| 131,937| 18.38Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|201,508}}Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|28.07}}| 169,902| 23.66| 80,597| 11.22Cagayan Valley>II| 264,952| 17.72| 182,310| 12.20| 321,002| 21.47United Nationalist Alliance}} {{white|683,344}}United Nationalist Alliance}} {{white|45.71}}| 43,253| 2.89Central Luzon>IIIPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,642,663Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 34.05| 798,567| 16.58| 1,481,482| 30.75| 701,092| 14.55| 193,618| 4.02Metro Manila>NCRPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 2,127,273Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 44.08| 693,593| 14.37| 997,869| 20.68| 672,903| 13.94| 333,913| 6.92Calabarzon>IV-APartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,950,145Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 33.92| 963,444| 16.76| 1,584,113| 27.55| 996,108| 17.33| 255,656| 4.45Mimaropa>IV-B| 262,157| 21.59Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 428,323Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 35.27| 343,985| 28.33| 161,779| 13.32| 18,103| 1.49Bicol Region>V| 347,729| 14.13| 889,441| 36.16Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|893,291}}Partido Galing at Puso}} {{white|36.32}}| 284,142| 11.55| 45,202| 1.84Western Visayas>VI| 289,547| 14.14Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 1,224,577Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 59.83| 318,125| 15.54| 132,308| 6.46| 82,290| 4.03Negros Island Region>NIR| 434,035| 23.53Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 934,177Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 50.66| 341,289| 18.51| 94,857| 5.14| 39,558| 2.16Central Visayas>VIIPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,473,936Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 51.70| 824,439| 28.92| 334,523| 11.74| 175,283| 6.15| 42,375| 1.49Eastern Visayas>VIII| 613,304| 29.52Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 627,755Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 30.22| 421,932| 20.30| 383,008| 18.44| 31,484| 1.52Zamboanga Peninsula>IXPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 538,351Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 39.73| 383,538| 28.30| 321,805| 23.75| 97,356| 7.18| 14,126| 1.04Northern Mindanao>XPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,080,357Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 54.97| 514,496| 26.18| 248,838| 12.66| 107,568| 5.47| 14,182| 0.72Davao Region>XIPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,840,031Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 89.47| 118,145| 5.74| 67,421| 3.28| 24,960| 1.21| 5,959| 0.30Soccsksargen>XIIPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 1,062,828Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 66.83| 272,844| 17.16| 145,671| 9.16| 98,973| 6.22| 10,146| 0.63Caraga>XIIIPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 679,542Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 55.51| 357,266| 29.19| 140,936| 11.51| 40,053| 3.27| 6,299| 0.52Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao>ARMMPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 920,743Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 65.72| 272,389| 19.44| 75,180| 5.37| 129,574| 9.25| 3,080| 0.22Absentee ballot>AbsenteePartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}318,528Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}71.03| 51,300| 11.44| 27,382| 6.15| 13,138| 2.93| 37,900| 8.45| TotalPartido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}16,601,997Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}39.02| 9,978,175| 23.45| 9,100,991| 21.39| 5,416,140| 12.73| 1,455,532| 3.42

For vice president

(File:Provincial Breakdown of VP Race 2016.png|thumb|Provincial and city breakdown of the vice presidential election.)Robredo carried the Bicol Region, except for Sorsogon, Escudero's home province, Roxas' stronghold of Western Visayas and Negros, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Northern Mindanao, the entire Mimaropa region, majority of provinces in Eastern Visayas, majority of Caraga region, majority of Zamboanga region, Quezon province, Central Visayas less Cebu City, almost half of Soccsksargen, and President Aquino's home province of Tarlac. Marcos won the so-called "Solid North", the National Capital Region (except Taguig, where Cayetano won), his mother's home province of Leyte, and all provinces of Soccsksargen. Cayetano won in his hometown of Taguig, and in Duterte's home region in the Davao Region.(File:2016 Philippine vice presidential election provincial results.png|thumb|As above, but showing the percentages of the winning candidate per province and city. Note that to avoid confusion with Robredo, the color used for Cayetano here is red. To further avoid confusion with Cayetano, green is used for Marcos.)Robredo's winning margin of 0.61% is the closest margin since Fernando Lopez's victory in the 1965 vice presidential election. Marcos subsequently protested the results, which was unanimously struck down by the Presidential Electoral Tribunal on February 16, 2021.WEB, Torres-Tupas, Tetch, PET dismisses Marcos poll protest vs Robredo, stresses 'entire' case junked,weblink INQUIRER.net, Philippine Daily Inquirer, February 17, 2021, en, February 16, 2021, {{Philippine vice presidential election, 2016}}{{bar box|title=Popular vote|titlebar=#ddd|width=600px|barwidth=410px|bars={{bar percent|Leni Robredo|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|35.11}}{{bar percent|Bongbong Marcos|{{party color|People's Reform Party}}|34.47}}{{bar percent|Alan Peter Cayetano|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|14.38}}{{bar percent|Francis Escudero|{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}}|12.01}}{{bar percent|Others|#808080|4.03}}}}

By region {| class"wikitable collapsible collapsed" style"text-align:right; font-size:92%; line-height:20px;"

! width="200" rowspan="3"| Region! width="110" colspan="2"| Robredo! width="110" colspan="2"| Marcos! width="110" colspan="2"| Cayetano! width="110" colspan="2"| Escudero! width="110" colspan="2"| Trillanes! width="110" colspan="2"| Honasan! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|People's Reform Party}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent}};"|! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}};"|! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %! Votes! %Ilocos Region>I| 302,456| 12.68 1,786,073 74.87| 64,841| 2.72| 172,688| 7.24| 37,061| 1.55| 22,460| 0.94Cordillera Administrative Region>CAR| 121,248| 17.25 459,041 65.30| 26,971| 3.84| 68,644| 9.76| 18,058| 2.57| 9,040| 1.28Cagayan Valley>II| 192,197| 13.23 1,077,068 74.16| 37,297| 2.57| 97,301| 6.70| 20,229| 1.39| 28,314| 1.95Central Luzon>III| 1,334,701| 28.30 2,137,891 45.32| 353,234| 7.49| 717,625| 15.21| 98,591| 2.09| 74,972| 1.59Metro Manila>NCR| 1,365,458| 28.46 2,186,414 45.58| 613,071| 12.78| 508,965| 10.61| 52,602| 1.10| 70,554| 1.47Calabarzon>IV-ALiberal Party (Philippines)}} 1,979,971Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 35.11| 1,868,303| 33.13| 527,866| 9.36| 1,015,964| 18.02| 120,750| 2.14| 126,582| 2.24Mimaropa>IV-BLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 507,218Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 43.84| 269,237| 23.27| 85,334| 7.38| 213,635| 18.47| 46,502| 4.02| 34,996| 3.02Bicol Region>VLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 1,517,082Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 63.88| 190,265| 8.01| 82,246| 3.46| 503,188| 21.19| 47,332| 1.99| 34,962| 1.47Western Visayas>VILiberal Party (Philippines)}} 1,288,265Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 65.22| 275,784| 13.96| 109,779| 5.56| 184,950| 9.36| 81,916| 4.15| 34,517| 1.75Negros Island Region>NIRLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 989,485Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 56.93| 228,578| 13.15| 201,803| 11.61| 209,408| 12.05| 80,683| 4.64| 28,181| 1.62Central Visayas>VIILiberal Party (Philippines)}} 1,124,006Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 41.25| 396,393| 14.55| 840,644| 30.85| 258,658| 9.49| 46,205| 1.70| 58,998| 2.16Eastern Visayas>VIII| 693,460| 35.64 759,647 39.05| 184,718| 9.49| 240,935| 12.38| 28,295| 1.45| 38,441| 1.99Zamboanga Peninsula>IXLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 484,550Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 38.68| 327,568| 26.15| 223,790| 17.86| 141,419| 11.29| 40,603| 3.24| 34,899| 2.78Northern Mindanao>XLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 713,900Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 38.57| 444,270| 24.00| 443,760| 23.97| 167,148| 9.03| 34,435| 1.86| 47,547| 2.57Davao Region>XI| 245,303| 14.12| 487,090| 28.05Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 891,457Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} 51.33| 76,723| 4.42| 14,562| 0.84| 21,624| 1.24Soccsksargen>XII| 484,565| 30.69 531,714 33.68| 374,520| 23.72| 106,309| 6.73| 45,286| 2.87| 36,491| 2.31Caraga>XIIILiberal Party (Philippines)}} 461,858Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 39.94| 239,287| 20.69| 307,624| 26.60| 111,460| 9.64| 16,431| 1.42| 19,805| 1.71Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao>ARMMLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 566,455Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 44.28| 331,762| 25.94| 180,667| 14.12| 107,501| 8.40| 33,987| 2.66| 58,742| 4.60Absentee ballot>Absentee| 92,639| 20.71 188,959 42.24| 137,699| 30.78| 19,689| 4.40| 4,973| 1.11| 3,385| 0.76|TotalLiberal Party (Philippines)}} 14,418,817Liberal Party (Philippines)}} 35.11| 14,155,344| 34.47| 5,903,379| 14.38| 4,931,962| 12.01| 868,501| 2.11| 788,881| 1.92

Electoral protest

On the evening of May 10, Leni Robredo took first place on the unofficial vote count led by the Parish Pastoral Council on Responsible Voting (PPCRV), and Bongbong Marcos suspected that the Liberal Party manipulated the vice presidential votes in favor of Robredo.NEWS, Robredo overtakes Marcos,weblink May 12, 2016, Philippine Daily Inquirer, May 10, 2016, Marcos soon ordered the Commission on Elections to stop the unofficial count by the PPCRV, and he stated that no one has been aware that his lead on the unofficial vote count fell down.NEWS, Echeminada, Perseus, Bongbong unfazed, seeks halt to unofficial count,weblink May 12, 2016, The Philippine Star, Philstar, May 11, 2016, Marcos then filed an election protest to the Presidential Electoral Tribunal on June 29, 2016, the eve of the oath-taking of the newly elected officials. Marcos wanted a recount in 27 provinces and cities, in 36,000 precincts. Marcos sought for the explanation of supposed 3 million undervotes which were allegedly "unaccounted for", which the Robredo camp said that is "normal".NEWS, Marcos protests Robredo victory on eve of oath-taking,weblink April 4, 2018, Rappler, June 29, 2016, en, Robredo filed a counter-protest, which the tribunal rejected in September 2017. The tribunal also denied Marcos' first cause of action to nullify the result of the vice presidential election, because even if it is nullified, the tribunal ruled that it doesn't mean that he won.NEWS, Canlas, Jomar, PET junks Robredo bid to dismiss poll protest - The Manila Times Online,weblink April 4, 2018, www.manilatimes.net, September 6, 2017, On April 2, 2018, the manual recount of votes cast in Camarines Sur, Iloilo, and Negros Oriental, the results of the election which were contested by former senator Bongbong Marcos, started.WEB,weblink Recount in vice president polls starts today {{!, Philstar.com|website=philstar.com|access-date=April 2, 2018}}WEB,weblink VP poll recount starts - The Manila Times Online, www.manilatimes.net, April 2, 2018, en-US, April 2, 2018, NEWS,weblink Supreme Court begins poll recount for vice president, Calayag, Keith A., April 2, 2018, SunStar, April 2, 2018, en, The recount was originally scheduled for February but was postponed to March 19, and then moved again to April 2. The first day was plagued with issues of some ballots from Bato, Camarines Sur being drenched wet causing these to be intelligible, and missing audit cards. The Robredo camp said that these may have been damaged from previous floods and typhoons, and that the tribunal can go over to the ballot images, and reprint the audit logs from the records of the commission, while Marcos' lawyers said that it was recently doused over.NEWS, Punay, Edu, Wet ballots, missing forms raised in recount {{!, Philstar.com|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/04/03/1802282/wet-ballots-missing-forms-raised-recount|access-date=April 4, 2018|work=philstar.com|date=April 3, 2018}} Caguioa along with Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio were the only dissenters in a new resolution by the court ordering the parties to comment on the results of a recount of votes from Camarines Sur, Iloilo, and Negros Oriental.In October 2019, a resolution by the Supreme Court sitting as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal confirmed that Vice President Leni Robredo's lead over former senator Bongbong Marcos increased by 15,000 votes after it conducted a recount in three provinces chosen by Marcos.WEB,weblink PET: Robredo lead over Marcos went up by 15,000 votes, October 19, 2019, ABS-CBN, SC Associate Justice Benjamin Caguioa questioned the PET why it has not dismissed former senator Bongbong Marcos's election protest against Vice President Leni Robredo despite its "clear and unmistakable lack of basis."WEB,weblink Caguioa to PET: Why not dismiss protest vs. Robredo after Marcos failed to prove case?, October 18, 2019, GMA Network News, "Undoubtedly, protestant failed to make out his case. Why not apply Rule 65 now?" Caguioa said in a 7-page dissenting opinion. Rule 65 of the 2010 PET Rules allows a Protestant to choose not more than three provinces that "best exemplify" the fraud that he alleges happened in an election. Once ballots there are examined, the tribunal may dismiss the case if it is convinced that the Protestant will "most probably fail to make out his case."Marcos filed an inhibition (recusal) plea earlier against Associate Justice Benjamin Caguioa. However, the Supreme Court junked the plea, issuing a "stern warning" against the former senator that any unfounded and inappropriate accusation will be dealt with in the future with more severity.WEB,weblink SC junks Marcos inhibition plea vs magistrate in poll protest, ABS-CBN News, January 7, 2019, The Supreme Court sitting as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal also earlier upheld the 25-percent shading threshold, a main contention of Marcos's camp in their electoral protest.WEB,weblink Impossible for Marcos to get 'sufficient' votes after PET ruling: Robredo lawyer, ABS-CBN News, September 28, 2018, January 7, 2019, On February 16, 2021, the PET unanimously dismissed Bongbong Marcos' electoral protest against Vice President Leni Robredo.NEWS, February 16, 2021, Marcos heir loses bid to overturn Philippine VP election loss, en, The South China Morning Post, Agence France-Presse,weblink February 16, 2021, NEWS, February 16, 2021, Supreme Court unanimously junks Marcos' VP poll protest vs Robredo, en, CNN Philippines,weblink February 16, 2021, February 16, 2021,weblink dead, Media reports cited the reasons for the dismissal as: "failure to allege specific acts showing electoral fraud"; "allegations (which) were bare, laden with generic & repetitious allegations, no critical information as to time, place and manner of irregularities,” and "the absence of substantial recovery of votes in the 3 pilot provinces Marcos had chosen where Robredo actually gained additional votes with 1,510,718 against Marcos’ 204,512."NEWS, Navallo, Mike, February 16, 2021, SC junks Bongbong Marcos' poll protest vs Vice President Robredo, en, ABS CBN News and Public Affairs,weblink February 16, 2021, NEWS, Torres-Tupas, Tetch, February 16, 2021, PET dismisses Marcos poll protest vs Robredo, stresses 'entire' case junked, en, The Philippine Daily Inquirer,weblink live, February 16, 2021,weblink February 16, 2021,

Results per province

(File:2016 NLE Turnout.png|thumb|Turnout per province)Each province and city that is independent of a province and is a legislative district by itself sends its certificates of canvass to Congress. Each diplomatic post, local absentee voters and detainee voters also send their respective certificates of canvass. From there, the results are tallied in a joint session of Congress.Notably, most candidates won in their home regions, provinces or cities. Duterte (Davao Region), Roxas (Western Visayas), Binay (Makati) Robredo (Camarines Sur), Marcos (Ilocos Region), Cayetano (Taguig) and Escudero (Sorsogon) won in their respective strongholds. Roxas, Santiago, Cayetano and Robredo were also helped by votes from their respective running mates' strongholds (Camarines Sur, Ilocos Region, Davao Region and Western Visayas, respectively). Binay, Poe, Duterte and Marcos were also helped from votes from which their families originated (Cagayan Valley, Pangasinan, Cebu and Leyte, respectively). Duterte was particularly helped by his big winning margins in Mindanao, where he polled more than 60% of the vote in some places.For the presidential election, the following candidates won in these places:

• Duterte: Most of Mindanao, Central Visayas, Leyte and Biliran, Metro Manila, Calabarzon (except Quezon), Bataan, Baguio, Bulacan, Ilocos Norte and Pampanga
• Roxas, Western Visayas, Negros Island Region, Samar Island, Mimaropa (except Oriental Mindoro and Marinduque), Albay, Camarines Sur, Agusan del Sur, Masbate, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Batanes, Tarlac, and Zamboanga del Norte
• Poe: Ilocos Region (except Ilocos Norte), Aurora, Camarines Norte, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quezon, Zamboanga del Sur, Zambales, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Catanduanes, Sorsogon
• Binay: Cagayan Valley (except Batanes and Nueva Vizcaya), Abra, Apayao, Kalinga, Makati
• Santiago: Although Santiago didn't win a province, her largest shares of the vote came from Baguio, Benguet, Ilocos Norte and Iloilo.

For the vice presidential election, the following candidates won in these places:

• Robredo, Bicol Region (except Sorsogon), Visayas (except Cebu City, Mandaue, Biliran and Leyte), Batangas, Batanes, Quezon, Tarlac, Northern Mindanao (except Cagayan de Oro and Iligan). Zamboanga Peninsula (except Zamboanga del Sur), Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (except Sulu). Caraga (except for Dinagat Islands and Surigao del Sur)
• Marcos: The "Solid North" part of Luzon (except Batanes), Central Luzon (except Tarlac), Metro Manila (except Taguig), Cagayan de Oro, Soccsksargen, Dinagat Islands, Sulu, Zamboanga del Sur, and Leyte.
• Cayetano: Davao Region, Cebu City, Mandaue, Butuan, Iligan, Taguig, and Surigao del Sur
• Escudero: Sorsogon

Negros Oriental's winning streak of being the presidential bellwether that started in 1969 ended in this election, when Roxas won there, but Duterte won the national count. It was replaced by Basilan, which now has the longest winning streak, starting in 1981.{|align=centerPercentage of the vote won by each candidate per province and city.Municipal level breakdown150px)Duterte150px)Roxas150px)Poe150px)Binay150px)Municipal breakdown150px)Robredo150px)Marcos150px)Cayetano150px)Escudero150px)Municipal breakdown{{col-start}}{{col-2}}

Close provinces and cities

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the presidential election:

• Albay: 0.03% (Roxas win)
• Oriental Mindoro: 0.06% (Poe win)
• Zamboanga del Norte: 0.10% (Roxas win)
• Ifugao: 0.20% (Poe win)
• Batangas: 0.21% (Duterte win)
• Bataan: 0.34% (Duterte win)
• Nueva Vizcaya: 0.88% (Poe win)
• Ilocos Sur: 1.05% (Poe win)
• La Union: 1.27% (Poe win)
• Navotas: 1.46% (Duterte win)
• Tarlac: 1.50% (Roxas win)
• Zamboanga del Sur: 2.15% (Poe win)
• Quirino: 2.52% (Binay win)
• Eastern Samar: 3.46% (Roxas win)
• Samar: 3.68% (Roxas win)
• Camarines Sur: 3.7% (Roxas win)
• Mountain Province: 4.86% (Poe win)

Margin of victory is less than 5% for the vice presidential election:

• Surigao del Sur: 0.01% (Cayetano wins by 16 votes)
• Davao Occidental: 0.45% (Cayetano win)
• Lanao del Norte: 0.52% (Robredo win)
• Cebu City: 1.05% (Cayetano win)
• Samar: 1.24% (Robredo win)
• Cagayan de Oro: 1.38% (Marcos win)
• Marikina: 1.68% (Marcos win)
• Parañaque: 2.26% (Marcos win)
• Zamboanga City: 2.39% (Robredo win)
• South Cotabato: 2.51% (Marcos win)
• Cotabato: 2.95% (Marcos win)
• Laguna: 4.07% (Marcos win)
• Tarlac: 4.99% (Robredo win)

{{col-2}}

Landslides

Margin of victory is more than 50% for the presidential election:

• Davao City: 95.18% (Duterte wins in his home city)
• Davao del Norte: 89.35% (Duterte win)
• Davao del Sur: 87.28% (Duterte win)
• Davao Occidental: 80.73% (Duterte win)
• Davao Oriental: 73.86% (Duterte win)
• Lanao del Sur: 68.31% (Duterte win)
• Capiz: 66.97% (Roxas wins in his home province)
• Sulu: 66.45% (Duterte win)
• Cotabato: 62.26% (Duterte win)
• Compostela Valley: 59.73% (Duterte win)
• Absentee voters: 59.59% (Duterte win)
• Iligan: 57.56% (Duterte win)
• Sarangani: 54.64% (Duterte win)
• Bukidnon: 53.93% (Duterte win)
• Cagayan de Oro: 52.70% (Duterte win)
• Camiguin: 50.73% (Roxas win)

Margin of victory is more than 50% for the vice presidential election:

• Ilocos Norte: 95.62% (Marcos wins in his home province)
• Ilocos Sur: 88.89% (Marcos win)
• Abra: 84.92% (Marcos win)
• La Union: 84.57% (Marcos win)
• Camarines Sur: 80.26% (Robredo wins in her home province)
• Apayao: 79.45% (Marcos win)
• Camiguin: 69.68% (Robredo win)
• Capiz: 69.68% (Robredo win)
• Cagayan: 67.60% (Marcos win)
• Isabela: 61.96% (Marcos win)
• Guimaras: 58.57% (Robredo win)
• Iloilo: 57.25% (Robredo win)
• Kalinga: 56.63% (Marcos win)
• Davao City: 52.39% (Cayetano win)
• Nueva Vizcaya: 51.20% (Marcos win)

{{col-end}}

Unofficial tallies

Prior to the canvassing by Congress, other groups such as the media and non-governmental organizations may issue their own separate tallies.{| class="wikitable"|+2016 Philippine presidential election, COMELEC transparency server style="text-align:center;"! style="width: 15em" |Candidate! colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party! style="width: 9em" |Votes| Rodrigo Duterte! style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}; width:3px;"| PDP–Laban 15,970,018| Mar Roxas! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}; width:3px;"| Liberal 9,700,382| Grace Poe! style="background:{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}}; width:3px;"| Independent 8,935,733| Jejomar Binay! style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}}; width:3px;"| UNA 5,318,249| Miriam Defensor Santiago! style="background:{{party color|People's Reform Party}}; width:3px;"| PRP 1,424,520| Roy Señeres! style="background:{{party color|Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka}}; width:3px;"| PMM 25,161 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Turnout 43,716,817 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Registered voters 55,739,911 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Clustered precincts reporting 90,635 of 94,276As of May 18, 2016, 7:45 PM Philippine Standard TimeHTTP://ELECTION2016.PPCRV.ORG/WALL/PRESIDENT.PHP>TITLE=PRESIDENTIAL RACEPUBLISHER=PPCRVARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160512143734/HTTP://ELECTION2016.PPCRV.ORG/WALL/PRESIDENT.PHPURL-STATUS=DEAD, {| class="wikitable"|+2016 Philippine vice presidential election, COMELEC transparency server style="text-align:center;"! style="width: 15em" |Candidate! colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party! style="width: 9em" |Votes| Leni Robredo! style="background:{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}; width:3px;"| Liberal 14,023,093| Bongbong Marcos! style="background:{{party color|People's Reform Party}}; width:3px;"| Independent 13,803,966| Alan Peter Cayetano! style="background:{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}; width:3px;"| Independent 5,679,102| Francis Escudero! style="background:{{party color|Partido Galing at Puso}}; width:3px;"| Independent 4,812,375| Antonio Trillanes! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}; width:3px;"| Independent 844,157| Gregorio Honasan! style="background:{{party color|United Nationalist Alliance}}; width:3px;"| UNA 760,409 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Turnout 43,716,817 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Registered voters 55,739,911 style="background:#eee; text-align:right;" Clustered precincts reporting 90,635 of 94,276As of May 18, 2016, 7:45 PM Philippine Standard TimeHTTP://ELECTION2016.PPCRV.ORG/WALL/VICEPRESIDENT.PHP>TITLE=VICE PRESIDENTIAL RACEPUBLISHER=PPCRVARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20160512143932/HTTP://ELECTION2016.PPCRV.ORG/WALL/VICEPRESIDENT.PHPURL-STATUS=DEAD,

Voter demographics

These were the results of the Social Weather Stations' exit poll:NEWS, SWS EXIT POLL {{!, More of the rich and educated say they voted for Duterte|url=http://interaksyon.com/article/127578/sws-exit-poll-data--more-of-the-rich-and-educated-say-they-voted-for-duterte|access-date=March 30, 2017|work=InterAksyon.com|date=May 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410023534weblink|archive-date=April 10, 2017|url-status=dead}}{|class=wikitable!width=50%|Demographic subgroup !!width=10%|Duterte !!width=10%|Roxas !!width=10%|Poe !!width=10%|Binay !!width=10%|Defensor Santiago!colspan=6|Socio-economic classupper class and middle class) >| 6.2%working class) >| 2.5%underclass) >| 1.3%!colspan=6|Educational attainment| 6.7%| 1.5%According to Mahar Mangahas, the president of SWS, voters who belonged to a higher social class, was more educated, younger, Muslim, a member of the Iglesia ni Cristo, from urban areas, and men tended to support Duterte. Duterte had less support from Catholics, from rural voters, and from women.WEB, Mangahas, Mahar, Revelations of the TV5-SWS Exit Poll {{!, Foundation for Economic Freedom|url=http://www.fef.org.ph/mahar-mangahas/revelations-of-the-tv5-sws-exit-poll/|website=www.fef.org.ph|access-date=March 30, 2017}} De La Salle University political science professor Julio Teehankee described it as the middle class' emergence of a "counter-elite challenging the old elite," with Duterte voters being seen as "who are taxed the most and financing Daang Matuwid. They are working hard for their families and the country and yet they are the ones who suffer from lack of public service, land and air traffic. Breakdown of peace and order corruption, laglag-bala. The poor have their conditional cash transfer fund. The rich have their PPPS."NEWS, More millennials voted for Duterte, exit poll shows,weblink March 30, 2017, ABS-CBN News, May 14, 2016,

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

• Commission on Elections

{{2016 Philippine elections}}{{Philippine presidential elections}}{{Philippine elections}}