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Tarlac
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{{Short description|Province in Central Luzon, Philippines}}{{about|the province|its capital city|Tarlac City|other uses}}







factoids
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage| photo1a = Capas Tarlac May 2018 (42450722332).jpg| photo2a = FvfTarlacCapitol9285 32.JPG | photo2b = Old Site of Camiling.jpg| photo3a = FvfTarlacCity9338 01.JPG| photo3b = Tarlac City 2.JPG| size = 250| spacing = 2| color = transparent| border = 0}}Capas National Shrine, Tarlac City>Tarlac Provincial Capitol, Old Camiling site, Tarlac Cathedral, and Tarlac City.| image_flag = Flag of the Province of Tarlac.svg| flag_size = 120x65px| image_seal = Tarlac Province Seal.svg| seal_size = 80px| image_shield = | nickname = Melting Pot of Central Luzon| anthem = Awit ng Tarlac| image_map = Tarlac in Philippines.svg| map_caption = Location within the Philippinestitle=OpenStreetMap



factoids



{{hidden end}}coordinates}}List of sovereign states>Countrycountry}}Regions of the Philippines>Regionregion}}Date of establishment>Foundedfounded}}and largest city}}| seat = Tarlac Citygovernment_type}}| leader_party = | leader_title = GovernorSusan Yap>Susan Y. Sulit (NPC)| leader_title1 = Vice GovernorNationalist People’s Coalition>NPC)| leader_title2 = Legislature| leader_name2 = Tarlac Provincial BoardWORK=PSGC INTERACTIVE ACCESS-DATE=21 AUGUST 2013, Makati City, Philippines, area}}| area_rank = 45th out of 81| elevation_max_m = 1,655| elevation_max_point = Mount Ibacurrent|03}}population_total}}population_as_of}}| population_rank = 18th out of 81| population_density_km2 = auto| population_density_rank = 13th out of 81| demographics_type1 = DivisionsCities of the Philippines#Independent cities>Independent cities| demographics1_info1 = 0Cities of the Philippines>Component cities| demographics1_info2 = {hide}Collapsible list| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;| title = 1 {edih}Municipalities of the Philippines>Municipalities| demographics1_info3 = {hide}Collapsible list| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;| title = 17 {edih}| demographics1_title4 = BarangaysList of barangays in Tarlac>511House of Representatives of the Philippines>Districts| demographics1_info5 = Legislative districts of Tarlac(2000)}}DATE=AUGUST 13, 2002ACCESS-DATE=15 DECEMBER 2015, | demographics2_title1 = Ethnic groups Kapampangan people > Ilocano people > Pangasinan people > Tagalog }}Languages of the Philippines>Languages Kapampangan language > Ilocano language > Pangasinan language > Tagalog language > English }}Philippine Standard Time>PST| utc_offset = +8List of ZIP codes in the Philippines>ZIP codepostal_code}}| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}area_code}}iso_code}}visit-tarlac.com/|visit-tarlac.com}}}}Tarlac, officially the Province of Tarlac (; ; ; ; {{IPA-tl|tɐɾˈlak|}}), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Tarlac. It is bounded on the north by the province of Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija on the east, Zambales on the west and Pampanga in the south. The province comprises three congressional districts and is subdivided into 17 municipalities and one city, Tarlac City, which is the provincial capital.The province is situated in the heartland of Luzon, in what is known as the Central Plain also spanning the neighbouring provinces of Pampanga, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija and Bulacan. Tarlac covers a total land area of {{convert|3,053.45|km2|ha|abbr=on}}.Early in history, what came to be known as Valenzuela Ranch today was once a thickly-forested area, peopled by roving tribes of nomadic Aetas who are said to be the aboriginal settlers of the Philippines, and for a lengthy period, it was the remaining hinterland of Luzon’s Central Plains. Today, Tarlac is the most multi-cultural of the provinces in the region for having a mixture of four distinct ethnic groups: the Kapampangans, the Pangasinans, the Ilocanos and the Tagalogs. It is also known for its fine food and vast sugar and rice plantations in Central Luzon.WEB, History of Tarlac,visit-tarlac.com/the-beginnings-of-tarlac, 30 August 2015, Tarlac Province Official Portal, dead,visit-tarlac.com/the-beginnings-of-tarlac," title="web.archive.org/web/20160122230159visit-tarlac.com/the-beginnings-of-tarlac,">web.archive.org/web/20160122230159visit-tarlac.com/the-beginnings-of-tarlac, 22 January 2016, {{TOC limit|3}}

History

{{moresources|section|date=July 2022}}

Spanish colonial era

Tarlac’s name is a Hispanized derivation from a talahib weed called Malatarlak, a Pangasinan term. Tarlac was originally divided into two parts: the southern division belonging to Pampanga and the northern division belonging to Pangasinan. It was the last province in Central Luzon to be organized under the Spanish colonial administration in 1874. Its nucleus were the towns of Concepcion, Capas, Bamban, Mabalacat, Magalang, Porac, Floridablanca, Victoria, and Tarlac which constituted a military comandancia. Some of these municipalities were returned to Pampanga but the rest were incorporated into the new province of Tarlac.Unlike other provinces in Central Luzon, Tarlac was relatively free from revolts during the Spanish regime before the late 1800s rose. Only the rebellion started by Juan de la Cruz Palaris in Pangasinan spread to the northern portion of Tarlac.

Philippine revolution

During the Philippine Revolution of 1896, Tarlac was among the first eight provinces to rise against Spain, alongside neighbouring Pampanga. It became the new seat of the first Philippine Republic in March 1899 when General Emilio Aguinaldo abandoned the former capital, Malolos, Bulacan. This lasted only for a month before the seat was moved to Nueva Ecija in Aguinaldo’s attempt to elude the pursuing Americans.

American invasion era

On October 23, 1899, Gregorio Aglipay, military vicar general of the revolutionary forces, called the Filipino clergy to a conference in Paniqui. There, they drafted the constitution of the Philippine Independent Church. They called for the Filipinization of the clergy, which eventually led to a separation from the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines.Tarlac was captured by American forces in November 1899. A civil government was established in the province in 1901.

Japanese occupation era

During World War II, Camp O’Donnell in Capas became the terminal point of the infamous Bataan Death March of Filipino and American soldiers who surrendered at Bataan on April 9, 1942. Many prisoners died of hunger, disease and/or execution. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was established from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the 3rd Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was founding again from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, and military stationed in the province of Tarlac and some parts in Central Luzon due to Japanese Occupation.{{elucidate|date=April 2016}} Local troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army units has sending the clearing military operations in the province of Tarlac and Central Luzon from 1942 to 1945 and aided them by the recognized guerrilla groups including Hukbalahap Communist fighters and attacking Japanese Imperial forces.{{incomprehensible inline|date=April 2016}} But in the aftermath, some local guerrilla resistance fighters and Hukbahalap groups are became retreating Imperial Japanese troops around the province and before the liberation from the Allied forces.{{incomprehensible inline|date=April 2016}}In early 1945, combined American and Filipino military forces with the recognized Aringay Command guerrillas liberated Camp O’Donnell. The raid in Capas resulted in the rescue of American, Filipino and other allied Prisoners of War.From January 20, 1945, to August 15, 1945, Tarlac was recaptured by combined Filipino and American troops together with the recognized guerrilla fighters against the Japanese Imperial forces during the liberation and beginning for the Battle of Tarlac under the Luzon Campaign.{{elucidate|date=April 2016}}(File:SF Soldier in Philippines.jpg|thumb|left|United States and Philippine troops during a military exercise in Crow Valley, Tarlac)

Contemporary

Military testing ground

The Philippine Army has used Crow Valley in the borders of Barangay Patling and Santa Lucia in Capas, Tarlac as a testing ground for both Philippine forces and allies. Many of the Philippine military testings were done on March 17, 2006WEB, Tarlac Military Testing Ground,www.timawa.net/walkarounds/3-16-06/, 30 August 2015, most likely as a part of Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines.Recently,{{when|date=April 2023}}The Philippine Military branches conducted a join Military with the USA forces, In Capas, Tarlac. This is the biggest joint exercise conducted between the two Military forces {{clear left}}

Geography

(File:FvfTarlacCity8916 17.JPG|thumb|left|Landscape along Tarlac City)The landlocked province is situated at the center of the central plains of Luzon, landlocked by four provinces: Pampanga on the south, Nueva Ecija on the east, Pangasinan on the north, and Zambales on the west. The province covers a total area of {{convert|3,053.60|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}}. Approximately 75% of the province is plains while the rest is hilly to slightly mountainous.Eastern Tarlac is a plain, while Western Tarlac is hilly to slightly mountainous. Because of this, the province includes a large portion of mountains like Mt. Telakawa (Straw Hat Mountain), located at Capas, Tarlac. Mt. Bueno, Mt. Mor-Asia and Mt. Canouman are also located in Capas as well as Mt. Dalin. The other mountains are Mt. Dueg and Mt. Maasin, found in the municipality of San Clemente. Also noted are Mt. Damas of Camiling. A portion of Mount Pinatubo (whose summit crater rests in neighbouring Zambales) also rests in Bamban and Capas. The whole of Mayantoc and San Jose are mountainous so it is suitable for the highest natural resources and forest products in the province such as coal, iron, copper, temperate-climate fruits and vegetables, fire logs, sand, rocks and forest animals such as wild boar and deer. The main water sources for agriculture include the Tarlac River at Tarlac City, the Lucong and Parua rivers in Concepcion, Sacobia-Bamban River in Bamban and the Rio Chico in La Paz.

Administrative divisions

Tarlac is subdivided into 17 municipalities and 1 component city, all encompassed by three congressional districts. There are a total of 511 barangays comprising the province.(File:Ph fil tarlac.png|thumb|upright=1.1|{{center|Political map of Tarlac}}){| class=“wikitable sortable” style="margin:auto;table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:#FDFDFD;font-size:90%;border-collapse:collapse;“! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” colspan=2 | City {{small|or}} municipality! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” | District{{PSGC detail|nscb}}! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” colspan=3 | Population! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” | {{PSGC rubric}}! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” colspan=2 | Area{{PSGC detail|nscb}}! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” colspan=2 | Density! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” | {{abbr|Barangay|Total number of barangays}}! scope=“col” style="border-bottom:none;” class=“unsortable” | Coordinates{{ref label|Coord|A}}! scope=“col” style="border-top:none;” colspan=2 |! scope=“col” style="border-top:none;” |! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;” colspan=2 | {{small|(2020)}}{{PH census|2020|03}}! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;” | {{small|(2015)}}{{PH census|2015|03}}! scope=“col” style="border-top:none;” |! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;” | km2! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;” class=“unsortable” | {{nowrap|sq mi}}! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;” | /km2! scope=“col” style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;” class=“unsortable” | {{nowrap|/sq mi}}! scope=“col” style="border-top:none;” |! scope=“col” style="border-top:none;” |! scope=“row” style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;” colspan=2 | Anao 18Bamban 15Camiling 61Capas 20Concepcion 45Gerona 44La Paz 21Mayantoc 24Moncada 37Paniqui 35Pura 16Ramos 9San Clemente 12San Jose 13San Manuel 15Santa Ignacia 24Tarlac City Lone385,398disp=tablepad=yes}}| 342,493color=true385,398342,493}}274.66abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig2}}abbr=values|disp=table}} {{coordNEregion:PH-TAR_type:city|format=dms}}! scope=“row” style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;” colspan=2 | Victoria 26GeoGroup box)}} style="background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;line-height:1.3em;”city/town center, and are sortable by latitude.

Barangays

The 17 municipalities and 1 city of the province comprise a total of 511 barangays, with Cristo Rey in Capas as the most populous in 2010, and Malonzo in Bamban as the least.{{PH census|2010|03}}{{Further|List of barangays in Tarlac}}

Climate

Like the rest of Central Luzon, the province has three distinct seasons: summer from March to June, monsoon rain from July to early October, and monsoon winter from late October to February. Summer months, especially during May bring severe thunderstorms with high winds, lightnings, and hails. It is the coldest province in the region, with a yearly average of {{convert|23|C}}. Cold spell is not common, which gradually receives unusual average temperature of {{convert|17|C}}, while the maximum daytime peaks at {{convert|27|C}}. It is also the windiest province in the region during February and March due to its widely lowland altitude and extreme climate transition. The lowest temperature ever recorded is {{convert|11.2|C}} and the highest temperature is at {{convert|38.8|C}}. Aside air temperature, heat index is the most common calculated temperature during extreme weather observances especially dry season. The province usually experiences a maximum heat index ranging from {{convert|40|C}} to {{convert|50|C}} based on the forecasts reported by Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. {{citation needed|date=April 2016}}{{Weather box|metric first=yes|single line=yes|location=Tarlac|temperature colour=pastel|Jan high C=32.1|Feb high C=32.8|Mar high C=34.4|Apr high C=36.2|May high C=35.3|Jun high C=34.0|Jul high C=32.8|Aug high C=32.1|Sep high C=32.4|Oct high C=32.8|Nov high C=32.7|Dec high C=32.0|Jan low C=21.1|Feb low C=21.6|Mar low C=22.7|Apr low C=23.8|May low C=24.6|Jun low C=24.5|Jul low C=24.2|Aug low C=24.4|Sep low C=24.1|Oct low C=23.7|Nov low C=22.9|Dec low C=21.9|Jan rain days=1|Feb rain days=2|Mar rain days=2|Apr rain days=3|May rain days=13|Jun rain days=16|Jul rain days=22|Aug rain days=21|Sep rain days=20|Oct rain days=10|Nov rain days=8|Dec rain days=4Storm247 WEATHER FORECAST FOR TARLAC, PHILIPPINESWEBSITE=STORM247.COMSTORMGEO>STORMGEO ASLOCATION=BERGEN, NO, {{Dead linkbot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}}}

Demographics

{{Philippine Census| align= none| cols = 3name}}1903}}1918}}1939}}1948}}1960}}1970}}1975}}1980}}1990}}1995}}2000}}2007}}2010}}2015}}2020}}| 2025 = | 2030 = 201520102010}}}}The population of Tarlac in the 2020 census was 1,503,456 people,{{PH census|current|03}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|1,503,456/3,053.60|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.There are two predominant ethnic groups in the province: the Kapampangans that mainly predominate the province’s southern portion and the Ilocanos that mainly predominate the province’s northern portion. Both ethno-linguistic groups intermingle together in the provincial capital. The Tagalogs and Pangasinans constitute the rest of the provincial populace; Tagalogs arrived from Nueva Ecija and Bulacan, others from Zambales, Bataan, and Aurora, most of them live at the boundary with Nueva Ecijawww.psa.gov.ph/system/files/main-publication/TARLAC_FINAL%20PDF.pdf

Language

Kapampangan and Ilocano are mainly used throughout the entire province, as well as Pangasinan and Tagalog. Pangasinans and Tagalogs however, speak their respective languages with a Kapampangan/Ilocano accent, as descendants of Pangasinans and Tagalogs from the first generations who lived in the province learned Kapampangan and/or Ilocano. Ethnic groups who grew up within environment of other ethnic group also speak other native languages as second languages, like Kapampangans who grew up within an Ilocano or Pangasinan population speak Ilocano or Pangasinan. As Tarlac is part of Central Luzon, Tagalog/Filipino is spoken as lingua franca between different languages. English is widely spoken and understood as well, especially in professional and educational establishments.{| class=“wikitable“|+ Languages Spoken in Tarlac! Language !! Percentage of Native Speakers| 43.1%| 39.8%| 12.1%| 0.01%| 2.1%

Religion

(File:Old St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church.jpg|thumb|upright|The Old St. Michael the Archangel Parish Church was burned in 1997)Spanish influence is very visible in the province as shown by religious adherence. Roman Catholicism is professed by 80%-83% of the population.WEB,www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/81162-map-catholicism-philippines, MAP: Catholicism in the Philippines, 18 January 2015, Protestant groups are also present such as evangelicals forming 8% of the province population.WEB,philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/Table%201_%20TARLAC_2009.pdf, Archived copy, 2017-10-09, 2014-01-14,philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/Table%201_%20TARLAC_2009.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20140114113339philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/Table%201_%20TARLAC_2009.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20140114113339philchal.org/dawn/provinceupdates/Table%201_%20TARLAC_2009.pdf, dead, The St. Michael Archangel Parish Church in Camiling was the oldest religious structure in the entire province until it burned down in 1997.According to 2010 Census, other prominent Christian groups include the Iglesia ni Cristo (7.43%), Aglipayan Church (2.24%), Evangelicals (1.97%), Jehovah’s Witnesses (0.64%) and others. Muslims, Anitists, animists, and atheists are also present in the province.

Economy

{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}File:09691jfVilla Paz Matayuncab Poblacion Cardona Gerona Tarlacfvf 37.JPG|thumb|right|Rice plantations in Gerona ]]The economy of Tarlac is predominantly agricultural. It is among the biggest producers of rice and sugarcane (the principal crops) in Central Luzon. Other major crops are corn and coconuts, fruits (bananas, calamansi and mangoes) and vegetables (eggplants, garlic and onions).Because the province is landlocked, its fish production is limited to fishpens, but it has vast river systems and irrigation. On the Zambales boundary to its west, forest land provides timber for the logging industry. Mineral reserves such as manganese and iron can also be found along the western section.Tarlac has its own rice and corn mills, sawmills and logging outfits. It has three sugar-refining centrals and hosts many sugar products in Central Luzon, especially the Muscovado sugar of the municipality of Victoria. Other firms service agricultural needs such as fertilizers. Among its cottage industries, ceramics has become available because of the abundant supply of clay. Some of the major industries here involve making chicharon (pork skin chips) and iniruban in the municipality of Camiling and Ilang-Ilang products of Anao. Tilapia production is also improving in Tarlac, with an aim to make the province the second ”Tilapia Capital of Central Luzon” after its mother province, Pampanga.{{clear-left}}

Culture

Belenismo sa Tarlac

Belenismo sa Tarlac was launched by Isabel Cojuangco-Suntay, sister of former Ambassador Eduardo Cojuangco Jr., to transform the province into the Belén Capital of the Philippines. The Belen Festival began in September 2007, with the first Belen-making workshop conducted on December 16, 2007. Organizers have intended the festival to become an annual event in the province. Senator Loren Legarda led the awarding of the first Belen-making competition where Tarlac PNP Office Belen, built by at least 24 policemen, won the first prize.Belenismo in Spanish means the art of making Belén, a representation of the Nativity scene in which the Holy Family (Joseph, Mary and the infant Jesus) is visited by the three wise men who came to the manger through the guidance of a star.WEB, Belenismo sa Tarlac,newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20071225-108714/Tarlac_aims_to_become_Belen_capital_of_RP, 30 August 2015, Philippine Daily Inquirer, Tarlac aims to become ‘Belen’ capital of RP, dead,newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20071225-108714/Tarlac_aims_to_become_Belen_capital_of_RP," title="web.archive.org/web/20130730100901newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20071225-108714/Tarlac_aims_to_become_Belen_capital_of_RP,">web.archive.org/web/20130730100901newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20071225-108714/Tarlac_aims_to_become_Belen_capital_of_RP, 30 July 2013,

Chicharon Iniruban Festival

It is a festivity that is yearly celebrated in the town of Camiling during the last week of October. It is intended as a preparation for All Saints’ Day and a Thanksgiving Celebration for the good harvest and for the good quality of meat products especially the chicharon or Bagnet. It also features the exotic and delicious rice cake Iniruban, as called by Ilocanos. The festival’s highlights are the street dancing competition, Miss Iniruban beauty pageant, and the municipality’s agri-trade. It is the oldest cultural celebration in the province introduced in 2000.

Provincial capital

The highest seat of political power of the province is located on a hill in Barangay San Vicente, Tarlac City. The present structure was finished in 1909. During the Japanese occupation, the provincial capitol was vacated and used as the provincial headquarters of the Imperial Army. The capitol suffered great damages during the Second World War, but afterwards, in 1946, the United States of America helped rebuild and improve its structure. Because of its historical background, the picture of the capitol façade appeared in the previous version of the 500 peso bill.WEB, Tarlac Provincial Capitol,tarlacprovincialcapitol.weebly.com/about.html, 30 August 2015,

Notable people

National heroes and patriots

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Politics and government

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Historical Personalities

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Arts and Sciences

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Religion

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Business

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Entertainer

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See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{GeoGroup}} {hide}Geographic location
| Centre = Tarlac
| North = Pangasinan
| East = Nueva Ecija
| South = Pampanga
| West = Zambales
{edih}{{Tarlac|state=expanded}}{{Navboxes|title = Articles related to Tarlac|titlestyle = background:white;color:#464646;border:1px solid #330033;|state =autocollapse|list ={{Central Luzon}}{{Provinces of the Philippines}}{{Philippines topics}}{{Educational institutions in Tarlac |state=collapsed}}}}{{Authority control}}

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