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cola
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{{About|the beverage}}{{Short description|Carbonated soft drink}}







factoids
HTTPS://WWW.INTEREXCHANGE.ORG/ARTICLES/CAREER-TRAINING-USA/2016/03/08/HISTORY-COCA-COLA/ >TITLE=HISTORY OF COCA-COLA · INTEREXCHANGE ARCHIVE-URL=HTTPS://WEB.ARCHIVE.ORG/WEB/20190327102537/HTTPS://WWW.INTEREXCHANGE.ORG/ARTICLES/CAREER-TRAINING-USA/2016/03/08/HISTORY-COCA-COLA/ URL-STATUS=DEAD, (as Coca-Cola)| discontinued = | color = Caramel (with certain exceptions such as Zevia Cola and Kola Román)| flavor = Cola (Kola nut, citrus, cinnamon and vanilla)| variants = | related = | website = }}Cola is a carbonated soft drink flavored with vanilla, cinnamon, citrus oils, and other flavorings. Cola became popular worldwide after the American pharmacist John Stith Pemberton invented Coca-Cola, a trademarked brand, in 1886, which was imitated by other manufacturers. Most colas originally contained caffeine from the kola nut (Cola acuminata), leading to the drink’s name, though other sources of caffeine are generally used in modern formulations. The Pemberton cola drink also contained a coca plant extract.WEB,www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm, Coca Wine, Cocaine.org, September 29, 2013, February 24, 2021,www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20210224232916www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20210224232916www.cocaine.org/cocawine.htm, live, His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the coca wine of pharmacist Angelo Mariani, created in 1863.JOURNAL, 최재원, April 2015, 코카콜라의 스토리텔링을 통한 감성마케팅 응용,www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611, 2021-04-04, 마케팅, 49, 4, 19–28, ko, 2019-11-06,www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611," title="web.archive.org/web/20191106133402www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611,">web.archive.org/web/20191106133402www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06283611, live, Most modern colas have a dark caramel color and are sweetened with sugar and/or high-fructose corn syrup. They come in numerous different brands, with Coca-Cola and Pepsi being among the most popular.JOURNAL, 김덕호, November 2002, 2ì°¨ 세계대전과 코카콜라의 전지구화(Globalization),www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080138, 2021-04-04, 미국사연구, 16, 219–249, ko, 2020-08-27,web.archive.org/web/20200827151510/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080138, live, These two companies have been competing since the 1890s, a rivalry that has intensified since the 1980s.NEWS,www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1, COKE VS. PEPSI: The Story Behind The Neverending ‘Cola Wars’, Kim Bhasin, Business Insider, January 1, 2013, November 11, 2015, October 26, 2015,www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1," title="web.archive.org/web/20151026071546www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1,">web.archive.org/web/20151026071546www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1, live, WEB, 1975: Cola wars heat up with launch of Pepsi Challenge,www.thedrum.com/news/2016/06/14/marketing-moment-75-cola-wars-heat-1975-launch-pepsi-challenge, 2020-08-29, The Drum, en, 2020-11-27,web.archive.org/web/20201127141614/https://www.thedrum.com/news/2016/06/14/marketing-moment-75-cola-wars-heat-1975-launch-pepsi-challenge, live,

Flavorings

The primary modern flavorings in a cola drink are citrus oils (from orange, lime, and lemon peels), cinnamon, vanilla, and an acidic flavorant.WEB, DeNeefe, Janet,www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/13/the-exotic-romance-tamarind.html, The Exotic Romance of Tamarind, The Jakarta Post, March 13, 2008, September 29, 2013, July 11, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210711063547/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/03/13/the-exotic-romance-tamarind.html, live, WEB,sparror.cubecinema.com/cube/cola/chemistry/cola2.htm, Cola 2, Sparror.cubecinema.com, September 29, 2013, February 13, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210213220807/https://sparror.cubecinema.com/cube/cola/chemistry/cola2.htm, live, Manufacturers of cola drinks add trace flavorings to create distinctive tastes for each brand. Trace flavorings may include a wide variety of ingredients, such as spices like nutmeg or coriander. Acidity is often provided by phosphoric acid, sometimes accompanied by citric or other isolated acids. Coca-Cola’s recipe is maintained as a corporate trade secret.A variety of different sweeteners may be used in cola, often influenced by local agricultural policy. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is predominantly used in the United States due to the lower cost of government-subsidized corn. In Europe, however, HFCS is subject to production quotas designed to encourage the production of sugar; sugar is thus preferentially used to sweeten sodas.BOOK, M. Ataman Aksoy, John C. Beghin, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries, 2005, World Bank Publications, 0-8213-5863-4, 329, Sugar Policies: An Opportunity for Change, In addition, stevia or an artificial sweetener may be used; “sugar-free” or “diet” colas typically contain artificial sweeteners only.In Japan, there is a burgeoning craft cola industry, with small-scale local production methods and highly unique cola recipes using locally-sourced fruits, herbs, and spices.Wallin, Lisa “Japanese Craft Cola is the Beverage You Didn’t Know You Needed {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126005508www.japanesefoodguide.com/craft-cola/ |date=2021-11-26 }}”, Japanese Food Guide

Clear cola

In the 1940s, Coca-Cola produced White Coke at the request of Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov.JOURNAL, 김덕호, May 2005, 냉전 초기 코카콜라와 미국 문화산업의 세계화,www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080196, 2021-04-04, 미국사연구, 21, 105–140, ko, 2020-08-27,web.archive.org/web/20200827151447/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01080196, live, WEB,www.ozy.com/flashback/coke-made-especially-for-a-communist/41336, Coke made especially for a communist, Braswell, Sean, Ozy, April 23, 2015, May 25, 2018, October 5, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20211005124459/https://www.ozy.com/flashback/coke-made-especially-for-a-communist/41336/, live, Clear colas were again produced during the clear craze of the early 1990s. Brands included Crystal Pepsi, Tab Clear, and 7 Up Ice Cola. Crystal Pepsi was repeatedly reintroduced in the 2010s.In Denmark, a popular clear cola was made by the Cooperative FDB in 1976. It was especially known for being the “Hippie Cola” because of the focus on the harmful effects the color additive could have on children and the boycott of multinational brands. It was inspired by a campaign on harmful additives in Denmark by the Environmental-Organization NOAH, an independent Danish division of Friends of the Earth. This was followed up with a variety of sodas without artificial coloring.WEB,classic.samvirke.dk/node/287945, Samvirke - Rød sodavand - uden farve!, Samvirke, classic.samvirke.dk, September 14, 2018, February 24, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210224165111/https://classic.samvirke.dk/node/287945, live, Today many organic colas are available in Denmark, but, for nostalgic reasons, clear cola has still maintained its popularity to a certain degree.WEB, Husker du? Kult-colaen vender endelig tilbage,www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage, live, September 14, 2018, BT, 8 November 2016, Danish,www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage," title="web.archive.org/web/20161109154609www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage,">web.archive.org/web/20161109154609www.bt.dk/danmark/husker-du-kult-colaen-vender-endelig-tilbage, 2016-11-09, In June 2018, Coca-Cola introduced Coca-Cola Clear in Japan.JOURNAL, 김덕호, November 2006, 미국화인가 세계화인가 :코카콜라를 통해서 본 글로벌리즘,www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01081055, 2021-04-04, 미국사연구, 24, 171–206, ko, 2021-11-26,web.archive.org/web/20211126032137/https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01081055, live, WEB, Coca-Cola Clear launches in Japan,www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2018/06/12/Coca-Cola-Clear-launches-in-Japan, live, September 14, 2018, beveragedaily.com,web.archive.org/web/20200814234151/https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2018/06/12/Coca-Cola-Clear-launches-in-Japan, 2020-08-14, WEB, June 6, 2018, Coca-Cola Pulls a Pepsi and Launches Clear Coke,www.esquire.com/food-drink/a21094272/clear-coke/, live, September 14, 2018, esquire,web.archive.org/web/20180608000004/https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/a21094272/clear-coke/, 2018-06-08,

Health effects

{{Further|Criticism of Coca-Cola#Health effects}}A 2007 study claimed that consumption of colas, both those with natural sweetening and those with artificial sweetening, was associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. The phosphoric acid used in colas was thought to be a possible cause.JOURNAL, Tina M. Saldana, Olga Basso, Rebecca Darden, Dale P. Sandler, Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease, 2007, Epidemiology (journal), Epidemiology, 18, 4, 501–6, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338, 17525693, 3433753, One 2005 study indicated soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in the American diet and that of those who drink more sweetened drinks, obesity rates were higher.WEB,www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050527111920.htm, Preliminary Data Suggest That Soda And Sweet Drinks Are The Main Source Of Calories In American Diet, Sciencedaily.com, May 27, 2005, July 2, 2011, March 9, 2021,web.archive.org/web/20210309054959/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050527111920.htm, live, Most{{how|date=March 2024}} nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, riboflavin, and vitamin A.Jacobson, Michael F. (2005). “www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20050718093423www.cspinet.org/new/pdf/liquid_candy_final_w_new_supplement.pdf">Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans’ Health”, pp. 5–6. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Retrieved October 13, 2010.The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, which can cause physical dependence (caffeine dependence),Center for Science in the Public Interest (1997). “Label Caffeine Content of Foods, Scientists Tell FDA.” Retrieved June 10, 2005. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724114650www.cspinet.org/new/caffeine.htm |date=July 24, 2014 }} and can reduce sleep quality.JOURNAL, O’Callaghan, Frances, Muurlink, Olav, Reid, Natasha, 2018-12-07, Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning, Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 11, 263–271, 10.2147/RMHP.S156404, 1179-1594, 6292246, 30573997, free, A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake and osteoporosis in older women (but not men).JOURNAL, Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84, 936–942, 4, October 1, 2006, 17023723, 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936, free, This was thought to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk for women was found to be greater for sugared and caffeinated colas than diet and decaffeinated variants, with a higher intake of cola correlating with lower bone density.Many soft drinks in North America are sweetened mostly or entirely with high-fructose corn syrup, rather than sugar. Some nutritionists caution against the consumption of corn syrup because it may aggravate obesity and type-2 diabetes more than cane sugar.“Single food ingredient the cause of obesity ? New study has industry up in arms” {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508014443www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=51623-single-food-ingredient |date=2008-05-08 }}. (April 26, 2004). FoodNavigator.com. Retrieved February 27, 2007.

Regional brands

{{See also||Category:Cola brands}}

Asia

(File:MOJO 2 liters.jpg|thumb|MOJO is a cola drink brand in Bangladesh)

Europe

File:Berry cola stand Reuilly.jpg|thumb|Bottles of Berry Cola, a soft drink produced in Indre, FranceFrance

North America

(File:Flasche Coca-Cola 0,2 Liter.jpg|thumb|upright|A small glass bottle of Coca-Cola, the first cola)

South America

Oceania

  • LA Ice Cola is an Australian cola owned by Tru Blu Beverages, similar to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, its rivals.
  • Billson’s produces a Heritage Cola, inspired by recipes dating back to the Temperance movement in Australia.

Defunct brands

See also

  • {{annotated link|Cola chicken}}
  • {{annotated link|Peanuts and Coke}}
  • {{annotated link|Open-source cola}}
  • {{annotated link|List of brand name soft drinks products}}
  • {{annotated link|List of soft drink flavors}}
  • {{annotated link|List of soft drink producers}}
  • {{annotated link|List of soft drinks by country}}
  • {{annotated link|Soda geyser}}

References

{{refs}}

External links

{{Wiktionary}} {{anchor|Brands of Cola}}{{Colas|state=collapsed}}{{Soft drink|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}

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