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Velupillai Prabhakaran
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{{short description|Leader of militant Tamil organisation in Sri Lanka (1954–2009)}}{{Redirect|Prabhakaran|the 2008 film|Prabhakaran (film)}}{{pp-semi-indef}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Patronymic name|Prabhakaran|Velupillai|his}}- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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- Nicknames: Thalaivar, Anna, Thambiyanna, Thamizh Thesiya Thalaivar
Early life
Velupillai Prabhakaran was born in the northern coastal town of Valvettithurai on 26 November 1954, the youngest of four children.NEWS, Obituary: Velupillai Prabhakaran,news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7885473.stm, 27 December 2014, BBC News, Prabhakaran, Veluppillai and the father-son relationship {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127212411dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1295 |date=27 January 2020 }} – DBS Jeyara Accessed 25 November 2016 His parents, Thiruvenkadam Velupillai and Vallipuram Parvathy, belonged to the Karaiyar community.WEB, Account Suspended,www.lankalibrary.com/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi, 2023-11-30, www.lankalibrary.com, NEWS, First Political Assassination Of Prabhakaran, 2009-02-25,www.lankapuvath.lk/index.php?view=article&id=273:first-political-assassination-of-prabhakaran-&option=com_content&Itemid=80, Lankapuwath, 2009-05-17, NEWS, Profile of Velupillai Prabhakaran, 2009-04-22,www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/srilanka/Profile-of-Velupillai-Prabhakaran/Article1-402963.aspx, Lankapuwath, 2009-05-17, dead,www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/srilanka/Profile-of-Velupillai-Prabhakaran/Article1-402963.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20150711134720www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/srilanka/Profile-of-Velupillai-Prabhakaran/Article1-402963.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20150711134720www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/srilanka/Profile-of-Velupillai-Prabhakaran/Article1-402963.aspx, 2015-07-11, Thiruvenkadam Velupillai was the District Land Officer in the Ceylon Government.BOOK, Chellamuthu Kuppusamy, பிரபாகரனà¯: ஒர௠வாழà¯à®•à¯à®•à¯ˆ / Prabhakaran: Oru Vaazhkai,books.google.com/books?id=AU0cr3mOa_QC, New Horizon Media, 978-81-8493-039-9, 28, Prabhakaran: A Life, 2008-12-01, He came from an influential and wealthy family who owned and managed the major Hindu temples in Valvettithurai.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=W3aAB9IFVdkC&q=prabhakaran+kadalodiekal&pg=PA20, Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam, 2000, UBC Press, 9780774807593, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=xDzfBQAAQBAJ&q=prabhakaran+valvettithurai&pg=PA206, South Asia in the World: An Introduction, Wadley, Susan S., 2014-12-18, Routledge, 9781317459590, 206, en, Angered by the discrimination and violent persecution against Tamil people by successive Sri Lankan governments, Prabhakaran joined the student group Tamil Youth Front (TYF) during the standardisation debates.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=BoqdAAAAMAAJ, Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, Tawil, Sobhi, Harley, Alexandra, 2004-01-01, Unesco, International Bureau of Education, 9789231039621, 388, en, In 1972, he founded the Tamil New Tigers (TNT),BOOK, The Tamil Tigers: Armed Struggle for Identity, Heilmann-Rajanayagam, Dagmar, 1994, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany, 37–38, a successor to many earlier organizations that protested against the post-colonial political direction of the country, in which the minority Sri Lankan Tamils were pitted against the majority Sinhalese people.Sunil Bastian (September 1999) The Failure of State Formation, Identity Conflict and Civil Society Responses – The Case of Sri Lanka {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407095318www.brad.ac.uk/acad/confres/assets/CCR2.pdf |date=7 April 2009 }}. Working Paper 2, Centre for Conflict Resolution, Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradfordwww.paradisepoisoned.com/PDFs/Preview21.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20080911032223www.paradisepoisoned.com/PDFs/Preview21.pdf">How it Came to This – Learning from Sri Lanka’s Civil Wars. paradisepoisoned.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-22.In 1975, after becoming heavily involved in the Tamil movement, he carried out the first major political assassination by a Tamil group, shooting Alfred Duraiappah, the mayor of Jaffna, at point-blank range in front of the Hindu temple at Ponnaalai. The assassination was in response to the killings of Tamils in the 1974 Tamil conference incident, for which Duraiappah was blamedWEB,www.uthr.org/Book/CHA02.htm#_Toc527947383, Welcome to UTHR, Sri Lanka, Uthr.org, 2009-05-19, due to having backed the then-ruling Sri Lanka Freedom Party.WEB,www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html,www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20020213090010www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html,">web.archive.org/web/20020213090010www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html, unfit, 2002-02-13, Asia Times: Sri Lanka: The Untold Story, Atimes.com, 2002-01-26, 2009-05-19,Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Founding of the LTTE
In the early 1970s, United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike introduced the policy of standardisation which made the criteria for university admission lower for the Sinhalese than for the Tamils.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=L431UcNtY6AC&q=%22+Standardisation+Policy%22, Sri Lanka’s Post-conflict Strategy: Restorative Justice for Rebels and Rebuilding of Conflict-affected Communities, Dharmawardhane, Iromi, 2014, Research & Monitoring Division, Department of Government Information, Sri Lanka, 9789559073284, 16, en, Several organizations to counter this act were formed by Tamil students. Prabhakaran, aged 15, dropped out of school and became associated with the Kuttimani-Thangathurai group (which evolved later into TELO) formed by Selvarajah Yogachandran (known as Kuttimani) and Nadarajah Thangathurai who both also hailed from Valvettithurai.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=ZdTZCgAAQBAJ&q=Tamil+Manavar+Peravai&pg=PA25, Pain, Pride, and Politics: Social Movement Activism and the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora in Canada, Amarasingam, Amarnath, 2015-09-15, University of Georgia Press, 9780820348148, 25, en, Prabhakaran along with Kuttimani, Ponnuthurai Sivakumaran and other prominent rebels joined the Tamil Manavar Peravai formed by a student named Satiyaseelan in 1970. This group comprised Tamil youth who advocated the rights of students to have fair enrollment.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=vjtuAAAAMAAJ&q=manavar, Indian intervention in Sri Lanka: the role of India’s intelligence agencies, Gunaratna, Rohan, 1993, South Asian Network on Conflict Research, 9789559519904, 66, en, {{refn|group=note|The name is variously translated as Tamil Students League or Tamil Students Federation, later also known as Tamil Ilaynar Peravai (TIP) translated as Tamil Youth Front (TYF)BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=-sIRxpjfd-EC&q=tamil+manavar+peravai&pg=PA350, Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka’s Civil Wars, Richardson, John Martin, 2005, International Center for Ethnic Studies, 9789555800945, 350, en, }} In 1973, Prabhakaran teamed up with Chetti Thanabalasingam and with a fraction of the Tamil Manavar Peravai to form the Tamil New Tigers (TNT).BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=42kMAQAAMAAJ&q=kuttimani, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 2007, Published under the auspices of the Pakistan American Foundation, 81, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=Vuu0wNAkFGQC&q=Tamil+students+leaguge&pg=PA126, Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism: The Radicalization of Change, Rinehart, Christine Sixta, 2013, Rowman & Littlefield, 9780739177709, 126, en, Their first notable attack was held at the Duraiappa stadium in Jaffna placing a bomb in an attempt to murder the Jaffna Mayor Alfred Duraiappah.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=bxWyCQAAQBAJ&q=tnt+duraiappah+stadium&pg=PA34, Peaceful Intervention in Intra-State Conflicts: Norwegian Involvement in the Sri Lankan Peace Process, Talpahewa, Dr Chanaka, 2015-05-28, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 9781472445353, 34, en, A member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party who was loyal to Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Duraiappah was seen as a traitor by the Tamil masses.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=6RSHzj2EU-cC&q=alfred&pg=PA275, Blowback: Linguistic Nationalism, Institutional Decay, and Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka, DeVotta, Neil, 2004, Stanford University Press, 9780804749244, 169, en, Failing the attempt, Prabhakaran managed to shoot and kill Duraiappah who was on a visit at a Hindu temple at Ponnalai on 27 July 1975.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=ZdTZCgAAQBAJ&q=duraiappah+prabhakaran&pg=PA26, Pain, Pride, and Politics: Social Movement Activism and the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora in Canada, Amarasingam, Amarnath, 2015-09-15, University of Georgia Press, 9780820348148, 26, en, On 5 May 1976, the TNT was renamed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), commonly known as the Tamil Tigers.BOOK, Rinehart, Christine Sixta,books.google.com/books?id=Vuu0wNAkFGQC&q=Tamil+Students+Federation&pg=PA118, Volatile Social Movements and the Origins of Terrorism: The Radicalization of Change, 2013, Rowman & Littlefield, 9780739177709, 118, en,Eelam War I
The LTTE by the 1980s operated in more attacks against police and military forces. On 23 July 1983, the LTTE ambushed an army patrol and killed 13 Sri Lankan soldiers in Thirunelveli, Sri Lanka. As a response to this were one of the worst government sponsored anti-Tamil riots held (the event known as Black July) resulting in the destruction of Tamil houses and shops and deaths of hundreds of Tamils and making over 150,000 Tamils homeless.BOOK,www.worldcat.org/oclc/3436931, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 2007, Published under the auspices of the Pakistan American Foundation, 83, 3436931, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=aOFjCb7sJugC&q=black+july, Diminishing Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific: Why Some Subside and Others Don’t, Aspinall, Edward, Jeffrey, Robin, Regan, Anthony, 2012-10-02, Routledge, 9781136251139, 104, en, As a result of the riots several Tamils joining the LTTE and the LTTE marked the beginning of the Eelam War I.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=kFHEMaLZx6gC&q=%22eelam+war+I%22&pg=PA88, When Counterinsurgency Wins: Sri Lanka’s Defeat of the Tamil Tigers, Hashim, Ahmed, 2013, University of Pennsylvania Press, 978-0812244526, 88–89, en, With Prabhakaran being the most wanted man in Sri Lanka,MAGAZINE, Perera, Amantha, 2009-04-06, en-US, Time,content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1889653,00.html, Sri Lanka Closes In on Leader of the Tamil Tigers, 2020-05-11, 0040-781X, he had said in 1984, “I would prefer to die in honour rather than being caught alive by the enemy.“WEB, Tamil Tiger leader was seen as ruthless innovator,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-may-19-fg-tamil-tiger19-story.html, 2009-05-19, Los Angeles Times, en-US, 2020-05-11, Prabhakaran held his first speech on 4 August 1987 at the Suthumalai Amman temple in front of over 100,000 people explaining the position of the LTTE.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=vjtuAAAAMAAJ, Indian intervention in Sri Lanka: the role of India’s intelligence agencies, Gunaratna, Rohan, 1993-01-01, South Asian Network on Conflict Research, 9789559519904, 212–213, en, This speech is seen as a historic turning point in the Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=o01uAAAAMAAJ, The Tamil national question and the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, Seevaratnam, N., 1989-01-01, Konark Publishers, 69, 9788122001389, en, In the same year, Asiaweek compared Prabhakaran to revolutionary Che Guevara, while Newsweek called him “the stuff of legend”.WEB, Prabhakaran ruined what he created,www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/prabhakaran-ruined-what-he-created-48007-2009-05-19, Ramachandran, Rajesh, May 19, 2009, India Today, en, 2020-05-11,Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
The LTTE were allegedly involved in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, the ex-prime minister of India in 1991, which they denied involvement and alleged the event as an international conspiracy against them.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=dibjAAAAMAAJ&q=ltte+rajiv+gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi: An Assessment, Aggarwala, Adish C., 1993, Amish Publications, 9788190028905, 5, en, BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=IQJXAAAAMAAJ, Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific, 1999, British Broadcasting Corporation, 6, en, However, in a 2011 interview, Kumaran Pathmanathan, who was the Treasurer of LTTE and its chief arms procurer, apologized to India for Velupillai Prabhakaran’s “mistake” of killing former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. He further said Rajiv’s assassination was “well planned and done actually with Prabhakaran and (LTTE intelligence chief Pottu Amman). Everyone knows the truth”.NEWS, Top LTTE leader apologizes to India for Rajiv’s killing, The Economic Times, 24 May 2011,economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/top-ltte-leader-apologizes-to-india-for-rajivs-killing/articleshow/8555212.cms, The TADA Court issued an arrest warrant for plotting of the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. In October 2010 the charges against Prabhakaran were dropped by the TADA Court after the Central Bureau of Investigation filed a report stating that he was dead and the case was closed.WEB,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Year-after-death-LTTE-chiefs-case-closed/articleshow/6812117.cms, Year after death, LTTE chief’s case closed, The Times of India, A Subramani, 26 October 2010, 27 June 2020, WEB,www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajiv-trial-names-of-prabhakaran-pottu-amman-dropped-437343, Rajiv trial: Names of Prabhakaran, Pottu Amman dropped, NDTV, 26 October 2010, 27 June 2020, WEB,www.dailymirror.lk/7359/year-after-death-ltte-chiefs-case-closed, LTTE chief’s case closed, Daily Mirror, 26 October 2010, 27 June 2020,Peace talks
Prabhakaran’s first and only major press conference was held in Killinochchi on 10 April 2002.NEWS,hindu.com/2002/04/11/stories/2002041103800100.htm,hindu.com/2002/04/11/stories/2002041103800100.htm," title="web.archive.org/web/20121015044335hindu.com/2002/04/11/stories/2002041103800100.htm,">web.archive.org/web/20121015044335hindu.com/2002/04/11/stories/2002041103800100.htm, dead, 2012-10-15, Time not ripe to give up Eelam goal: Prabakaran, 2002-04-11, The Hindu, 2009-05-17, It was reported that more than 200 journalists from the local and foreign media attended this event and they had to go through a 10-hour security screening before the event in which Anton Balasingham introduced the LTTE leader as the “President and Prime Minister of Tamil Eelam.” A number of questions were asked about LTTE’s commitment towards the erstwhile peace process and Prabhakaran and Dr. Anton Balasingham jointly answered the questions. Repeated questions about his involvement in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination were only answered in a sober note by both Balasingham and Prabhakaran. They called it a “tragic incident” (“Thunbiyal Chambavam”, as quoted in Tamil) they requested the press “not to dig into an incident that happened 10 years ago.“BOOK, Mehta, Raj K.,www.worldcat.org/oclc/505913483, Lost Victory : The Rise & Fall of LTTE Supremo, V. Prabhakaran, Pentagon Security International, 2010, 978-81-8274-443-1, 1st, New Delhi, 166, en, 505913483, During the interview, he stated that the right condition has not risen to give up the demand of Tamil Eelam. He further mentioned that “There are three fundamentals. That is Tamil homeland, Tamil nationality and Tamil right to self-determination. These are the fundamental demands of the Tamil people. Once these demands are accepted or a political solution is put forward by recognising these three fundamentals and our people are satisfied with the solutions we will consider giving up the demand for Eelam.” He further added that Tamil Eelam was not only the demand of the LTTE but also the demand of the Tamil people.Prabhakaran also answered a number of questions in which he reaffirmed their commitment towards the peace process, quoted “We are sincerely committed to the peace process. It is because we are sincerely committed to peace that we continued a four month cessation of hostilities”. He was also firm in de-proscription of the LTTE by Sri Lanka and India, “We want the government of India to lift the ban on the LTTE. We will raise the issue at the appropriate time.“Prabhakaran also insisted firmly that only de-proscription would bring forth an amenable solution to the ongoing peace process mediated by Norway: “We have informed the government, we have told the Norwegians that de-proscription is a necessary condition for the commencements of talks.“Assignment Colombo at page xv(15), {{ISBN|81-220-0499-7}}, published by Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd, delhiBOOK, S. L. Gunasekara,books.google.com/books?id=wWpuAAAAMAAJ, The wages of sin, Sinhala Jathika Sangamaya, 2002, 978-955-8552-01-8,Sri Lankan Army Northern offensive and death
When the Sri Lankan military rapidly advanced into the last LTTE held territory in the final days of 2008–2009 SLA Northern offensive, Prabhakaran and his top leadership retreated into Vellamullivaikkal, Mullaitivu. Fierce fighting occurred between LTTE and the Sri Lanka Army during these last few days. At around 3:00 a.m. on 18 May 2009, Prabhakaran’s son Charles Anthony tried to break the defenses of the Army, but was unsuccessful. He died along with around 100 other LTTE fighters. Troops found 12 million rupees in his possession. By noon that day, reports emerged that Prabhakaran was killed by a rocket attack while trying to flee the conflict zone in a captured ambulance and his body was badly burned.NEWS, 2009-05-18, Prabhakaran is dead, The Hindustan Times,www.hindustantimes.com/Prabhakaran-is-dead/Article1-411894.aspx, dead, 2011-06-20,www.hindustantimes.com/Prabhakaran-is-dead/Article1-411894.aspx," title="archive.today/20130125070401www.hindustantimes.com/Prabhakaran-is-dead/Article1-411894.aspx,">archive.today/20130125070401www.hindustantimes.com/Prabhakaran-is-dead/Article1-411894.aspx, 2013-01-25, But this rumour was proven false in a short while. Skirmishes occurred also in the evening of 18 May around eastern bank of Nandikadal lagoon. A team of LTTE cadres consisting of 30 most loyal bodyguards of Prabhakaran and Prabhakaran himself tried to sneak through the mangrove islands of Nandikadal to its west bank. It has been alleged that one bodyguard had a can of gasoline with him to burn the Tiger leader’s body if he was killed or committed suicide. This was to prevent the enemy seizing his body.NEWS, 2009-05-22, The last days of Thiruvenkadam Veluppillai Prabhakaran, Lanka Web,dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/615, 2011-06-20, 11 May 2011,dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/615," title="web.archive.org/web/20110511181353dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/615,">web.archive.org/web/20110511181353dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/615, dead, Clearing and mopping-up operations were carried out by troops under Colonel G. V. Ravipriya from 3:30 pm to 6:30 pm that evening, but they did not encounter this last group of LTTE fighters that day. At 7:30 am next morning, mopping-up operations started again. This time, they were confronted by the fighters, led by Prabhakaran himself. Fighting went on until 9:30 am 19 May 2009. The firing stopped as all LTTE fighters died in the battle. Troops started collecting bodies again. This time, Sergeant Muthu Banda, attached to Sri Lanka Army Task Force VIII, reported to Ravipriya that a body similar to Prabhakaran’s had been found. After the body, which was floating among the mangroves, was brought ashore, Colonel Ravipriya positively identified it as that of the leader of the LTTE. A dog tag marked 001, two pistols, a T56 rifle with telescopic sight, a satellite phone, and a canister filled with diabetic medicine were found along with the body.At 12:15 pm army commander Sarath Fonseka officially announced Prabhakaran’s death on TV. At around 1:00 pm his body was shown in Swarnavahini for the first time.WEB, Sri Lanka Army – Defenders of the Nation,www.army.lk/vgallery.php?galid=29, Army.lk, dead,www.army.lk/vgallery.php?galid=29," title="web.archive.org/web/20090523092610www.army.lk/vgallery.php?galid=29,">web.archive.org/web/20090523092610www.army.lk/vgallery.php?galid=29, 2009-05-23, 2009-05-19, Prabakaran’s identity was confirmed by Karuna Amman, his former confidant, and through DNA testing against genetic material from his son, who had been killed earlier by the Sri Lankan military.NEWS, Bosleigh, Robert, 2008-05-09, DNA tests on body of Prabhakaran, Sri Lankan rebel leader, The Times, London,www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6313072.ece, 2010-05-02, Circumstantial evidence suggested that his death was caused by massive head trauma; several claims on his death have been made and it’s alleged that his death was due to a shot at close range. There are also allegations that he was executed, a claim vehemently denied by Sri Lankan authorities. Karuna Amman claimed Prabhakaran shot himself but it was denied by Fonseka who claimed the injury was from shrapnel citing the lack of an exit wound.WEB, Fonseka Refutes Karuna’s Contention That Prabhakaran Shot Himself,www.newindianexpress.com/world/Fonseka-Refutes-Karunas-Contention-That-Prabhakaran-Shot-Himself/2015/08/31/article3003126.ece,www.newindianexpress.com/world/Fonseka-Refutes-Karunas-Contention-That-Prabhakaran-Shot-Himself/2015/08/31/article3003126.ece," title="web.archive.org/web/20150831204336www.newindianexpress.com/world/Fonseka-Refutes-Karunas-Contention-That-Prabhakaran-Shot-Himself/2015/08/31/article3003126.ece,">web.archive.org/web/20150831204336www.newindianexpress.com/world/Fonseka-Refutes-Karunas-Contention-That-Prabhakaran-Shot-Himself/2015/08/31/article3003126.ece, dead, 31 August 2015, The New Indian Express, 2015-11-09, A week later, the new Tamil Tiger leader, Selvarasa Pathmanathan, admitted that Prabhakaran was dead.NEWS, McDonald, Mark, Tamil Tigers Confirm Death of Their Leader,www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/asia/26lanka.html, 11 April 2022, The New York Times, 25 May 2009, NEWS, 24 May 2009, Tamil Tigers confirm leader’s death, Al Jazeera English,english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2009/05/2009524124042406562.html, 2009-05-24, NEWS, 2009-05-24, Tamil Tigers admit leader is dead, BBC News,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8066129.stm, 2009-05-24,Alleged claims of survival
Despite the announcement of his death by both the Government and LTTE remnants, certain groups and media have claimed that Prabhakaran survived the war and managed to escape. In 2009 a Tamil website showed an image showing Prabhakaran viewing a news report of his death in TV which was sent to France 24 as proof of his survival. But France 24 noted that the photo appeared to be photoshopped.WEB, Tamil Tiger leader still alive!, 21 May 2009,observers.france24.com/en/20090521-tamil-tiger-leader-still-alive-velupillai-prabhakaran-sri-lanka, 26 September 2020, In 2010 Pro-LTTE website TamilWin claimed that the body of Prabhakaran shown belonged to a Sri Lankan soldier showing images of a Prabhakaran look-alike in the Sri Lankan army.NEWS, Prabhakaran’s dead body was fake, claims website,archive.siasat.com/news/prabhakarans-dead-body-was-fake-claims-website-75905/amp/, 26 September 2020, The theory of Prabhakaran’s survival is also supported by Tamil Nadu politician Vaiko who claims Prabhakaran would emerge from hiding at the right time.NEWS, Prabhakaran not dead, claims Vaiko,m.hindustantimes.com/india/prabhakaran-not-dead-claims-vaiko/story-YlOWX0KERArpjQI3DendIL.html, 26 September 2020, The claim of Prabhakaran’s survival was reiterated in 2023 by Indian activist Pazha Nedumara, who declared through a press conference held at Thanjavur that the slain leader of LTTE is “still alive and doing well” and that he has been in contact with Prabhakaran’s family. The claim was rejected by Sri Lanka which issued a statement stating that Prabhakaran’s corpse had been confirmed by his close associates as well as DNA testing.WEB,indianexpress.com/article/explained/prabhakaran-still-alive-who-is-p-nedumaran-how-ltte-chief-killed-8442875/, ‘Prabhakaran still alive’: Who is P Nedumaran, and how the LTTE chief was killed, 13 February 2023, NEWS, Have no doubt about Prabhakaran’s death; SL Army responds,www.dailymirror.lk/breaking_news/Have-no-doubt-about-Prabhakarans-death-SL-Army-responds/108-254066, 13 February 2023,Philosophy and ideology
Prabhakaran was influenced by prominent Indian nationalists Subhas Chandra Bose and Bhagat Singh, both of whom participated in the revolutionary movement for Indian independence.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3236030.stm, The enigma of Prabhakaran, news.bbc.co.uk, Alastair, Lawson, 2009-05-18, Prabhakaran never developed a systematic philosophy, but did declare that his goal was ‘revolutionary socialism and the creation of an egalitarian society’. His rare interviews, his annual Tamil Eelam Heroes Day speeches and the LTTE’s policies and actions can be taken as indicators of Prabhakaran’s philosophy and ideology. Religion was not a major factor in his philosophy or ideology; the Tamil Tigers’ ideology emerged from Marxist-Leninist thought and was explicitly secular. Its leadership professed opposition to religion.JOURNAL, Bermana, Eli, David D. Laitin, 2008, Religion, terrorism and public goods: Testing the club model, Journal of Public Economics, 92, 10–11, 1942–1967, 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.03.007, 10.1.1.178.8147, 1698386, BOOK, Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism, Pape, Robert, Random House, 2006, 978-0-8129-7338-9, BOOK, No end to war: terrorism in the twenty-first century, Laqueur, Walter, Continuum, 2004, 978-0-8264-1656-8, It focused single-mindedly on attaining an independent Tamil Eelam. The following are important aspects of Prabhakaran’s philosophy and ideology.Eelam Tamil nationalism
Prabhakaran is often seen as a martyr to the Eelam Tamil people. His source of inspiration and direction was Eelam Tamil nationalism, and his stated and ultimate ideal was to get Tamil Eelam recognised as a nation as per the U.N. Charter that guarantees the right of a people to political independence.WEB,www.hrweb.org/legal/cpr.html, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Hrweb.org, 1994-07-07, 2009-05-17, The LTTE also proposed the formation of an Interim Self Governing Authority during Peace Negotiations in 2003. Former Tamil guerrilla and politician Dharmalingam Sithadthan has remarked that Prabhakaran’s “dedication to the cause of the Tamil Eelam was unquestionable, he was the only man in Sri Lanka who could decide if there should be war or peace.“WEB,www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_378372.html, ‘Sun God’s’ Life of War, 2009-05-20, bot: unknown,www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_378372.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20101112085518www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_378372.html,">web.archive.org/web/20101112085518www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_378372.html, 2010-11-12, . Straits Times, 18 May 2009File:LTTE Sea Tigers cadre transport.JPG|thumb|The LTTEs Sea TigersSea TigersMilitarism of the LTTE
Prabhakaran explicitly stated that an armed struggle is the only way to resist asymmetric warfare, in which one side, that of the Sri Lankan government, is armed and the other comparatively unarmed. He argued that he chose military means only after observing that non–violent means have been ineffectual and obsolete, especially after the Thileepan incident. Thileepan, a Lt. colonel rank officer adopted Gandhian means to protest against the IPKF killings by staging a fast unto death from 15 September 1987, and by abstaining from food or water until 26 September, when he died in front of thousands of Tamils who had come there to fast along with him.BOOK,books.google.com/books?id=3i1uAAAAMAAJ&q=thileepan, Sri Lanka: the arrogance of power : myths, decadence & murder, Hoole, Rajan, 2001, University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna), 9789559447047, 227, en, Tactically, Prabhakaran perfected the recruitment and use of suicide bomber units. His fighters usually took no prisoners and were notorious for assaults that often left every single enemy soldier dead. Interpol described him as someone who was “very alert, known to use disguise and capable of handling sophisticated weaponry and explosives.” He was called a “military genius” by western military experts.WEB,news.rediff.com/column/2010/may/12/nitin-gokhale-on-the-lttes-defeat.htm, Recalling Prabhakaran’s end, Nitin, Gokhale, Rediff, WEB,tamilnation.org/forum/sachisrikantha/090618mervyn_vp.htm, Mervyn de Silva on Prabhakaran - 19 Years Ago, tamilnation.org, JOURNAL,www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt22h6r7h.15, Crime–war in Sri Lanka, Braithwaite, John, D’Costa, Bina, 2018, Cascades of Violence, 363–392, j.ctt22h6r7h.15, 9781760461898, JSTOR,Personal life
Prabhakaran was married to Mathivathani Erambu on 1 October 1984.WEB,www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/889, Health card of Prabakaran is not so rosy as it ought to be, WEB,photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/world/prabhakarans-family-album/articleshow/4563426.cms, Late LTTE chief Prabhakaran getting married, 2017-06-05, dead,photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/world/Prabhakarans-family-album/articleshow/4563426.cms," title="web.archive.org/web/20121114214635photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/world/Prabhakarans-family-album/articleshow/4563426.cms,">web.archive.org/web/20121114214635photogallery.indiatimes.com/news/world/Prabhakarans-family-album/articleshow/4563426.cms, 2012-11-14, The military spokesman Udaya Nanayakkara said in May 2009 that there was no information about the whereabouts of the remaining members of Prabhakaran’s family. “We have not found their bodies and have no information about them,” he said.WEB,www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49660,www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49660," title="web.archive.org/web/20090618032706www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49660,">web.archive.org/web/20090618032706www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49660, 2009-06-18, Prabhakaran’s body cremated, Dianne Silva, Daily Mirror, 22 May 2009, It is thought that the entire family was wiped out; the bodies of Mathivathani, Duvaraga and Balachandran reportedly were found in a bushy patch about 600 meters away from where Prabhakaran’s body was found.WEB,www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49739,www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49739," title="web.archive.org/web/20090621022922www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49739,">web.archive.org/web/20090621022922www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=49739, 2009-06-21, Last days of Thiruvenkadam Veluppillai Prabhakaran, Daily Mirror, 23 May 2009, It is now alleged that his 12-year-old son was executed.WEB, 2013-02-26, Handed a snack, and then executed: the last hours of the 12-year-old,www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/handed-a-snack-and-then-executed-the-last-hours-of-the-12yearold-son-of-a-tamil-tiger-8500295.html,ghostarchive.org/archive/20220811/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/handed-a-snack-and-then-executed-the-last-hours-of-the-12yearold-son-of-a-tamil-tiger-8500295.html, 11 August 2022, subscription, live, 2021-08-14, The Independent, en, Prabhakaran’s parents, Thiruvenkadam Velupillai and Parvathi, both in their 70s, were found in the Menik Farm camp for displaced people near the town of Vavuniya. The Sri Lankan military and the government gave public assurances that they would not be interrogated, harmed or ill-treated.NEWS,news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8072081.stm, Tamil Tiger chief’s parents found (BBC News), 2009-05-28, 2010-01-06, Alastair, Lawson, They were taken into Sri Lankan military custody until Vellupillai’s death in January 2010.NEWS, 2011-02-21, Sri Lanka Tiger leader Prabhakaran’s mother dies, en-GB, BBC News,www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12526490, 2021-08-14, Prabhakaran has a sister, Vinodini Rajendaran.MAGAZINE, M. C. Rajan, January 18, 2010, Cousin wants Prabhakaran mother sent to Tamil Nadu,www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/cousin-wants-prabhakaran-mother-sent-to-tamil-nadu-65184-2010-01-18, 2021-08-14, India Today, en, WEB,dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1295, Prabhakaran, Veluppillai and the father-son relationship, 24 August 2014, 27 January 2020,dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1295," title="web.archive.org/web/20200127212411dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1295,">web.archive.org/web/20200127212411dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/1295, dead,Other names
Prabhakaran had over the years built up the LTTE into a powerful movement running a shadow state and had acquired the status of being “Thesiya Thalaivar” (National Leader of the Land).WEB, 2021-06-01, The Downfall of the LTTE Led by Prabhakaran at Mullivaaikkaal,dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/73063, 2021-08-14, dbsjeyaraj.com, en-US, 29 January 2023,web.archive.org/web/20230129082817/https://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/73063, dead, He was called thambi, meaning “younger brother”, by Eelam Tamil elders, which was also his pet name since he was the youngest in his family.WEB, Rise and fall of the LTTE – Part I,www.ft.lk/columns/Rise-and-fall-of-the-LTTE-–-Part-I/4-718001, 2021-08-14, Daily FT, English, He was also called as Anna/Annai, meaning ‘elder brother’ by his younger cadets and the younger Eelam Tamil people.WEB, PTI, May 18, 2009, Prabhakaran, a ruthless fighter for Eelam,timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/prabhakaran-a-ruthless-fighter-for-eelam/articleshow/4548900.cms, 2021-08-14, The Times of India, en, Prabhakaran was also called “Karikalan” for his bravery and his administration (in reference to Karikala Chola, a famous Chola king who ruled in Sangam Age). He was additionally raised to divine status as Sooriyathevan (God of the Sun) by his followers. This was a title used by some of his supporters and within the LTTE to emphasize his leadership and charisma. It is important to note that Prabhakaran was a controversial figure and his moniker as “Sooriyathevan” was symbolic rather than a religious or widely accepted title.In popular culture
Films {| class“wikitable sortable”
!Title!Played by!Year!LanguageSee also
Notes
{{notelist}}{{reflist|group=note}}References
{{Reflist}}Further reading
- Hoole, Rajan (2001). The Arrogance of Power. Colombo, Sri Lanka: UTHR(J). {{Isbn|978-9559447047}}.
- BOOK, Kuppusamy, Chellamuthu,www.nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-168-6.html, Prabhakaran: The Story of His Struggle for Eelam, New Horizon Media Pvt Ltd, 2009, 978-81-8493-168-6, dead,nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-168-6.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20121117103238nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-168-6.html,">web.archive.org/web/20121117103238nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-168-6.html, 2012-11-17,
- BOOK, Kuppusamy, Chellamuthu,www.nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-039-9.html, பிரபாகரனà¯: ஒர௠வாழà¯à®•à¯à®•à¯ˆ, New Horizon Media Pvt Ltd, 2008, 978-81-8493-039-9, 7 December 2012, 26 December 2012,web.archive.org/web/20121226135408/https://www.nhm.in/shop/978-81-8493-039-9.html, dead,
- Pratap, Anita (2001). Island of Blood: Frontline Reports from Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Other South Asian Flashpoints.
External links
- United States Pacific Command Assessment of Prabhakaran
- BBC Profile – The enigma of Prabhakaran
- BBC News Report – Reclusive Tamil rebel leader faces public (2002)
- The Pirabaharan Phenomenon
- Final Showdown for Tamil Tiger Chief Prabhakaran The Times of India, 23 April 2009
- Claims of Massacre as Tamil Tiger Leaders Die by Robert Bosleigh, The Times, 19 May 2009
Interviews and speeches
- WEB,www.eelamweb.com/leader/, Veluppillai Prabhakaran’s interviews, 2005-12-31, bot: unknown,www.eelamweb.com/leader/," title="web.archive.org/web/20071024141206www.eelamweb.com/leader/,">web.archive.org/web/20071024141206www.eelamweb.com/leader/, 2007-10-24,
- WEB,www.eelam.com/interviews/, A short assorted list of his interviews, 2011-03-07, bot: unknown,www.eelam.com/interviews/," title="web.archive.org/web/20080822034930www.eelam.com/interviews/,">web.archive.org/web/20080822034930www.eelam.com/interviews/, 2008-08-22,
- Prabakaran in First Person – T.S. Subramanian – April 2002 – Press Meet
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