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{{Short description|none}}{{Indo-European topics|283}}This is a list of four ancient peoples and their tribes that were possibly related and formed an extinct Indo-European branch of peoples and languages in the eastern Balcans, low Danube basin. These peoples dwelt from west of the Tyras (Dniester) river and east of the Carpathian Mountains in the north, to the north coast of the Aegean Sea in the south, from the west coast of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea) in the east, to roughly the Angrus (modern South Morava) river basin, Tisia (modern Tisza) and Danubius (modern Danube) rivers in the west. This list is based in the possible ethnolinguist affiliation of these peoples - Geto-Dacians, Moesians, Thracians and Paeonians (including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes) and not only on a geographical base (that includes other peoples that were not Dacians or Thracians like the Celts that lived in Dacia or in Thrace).

Ancestors

File:Indo-European Migrations. Source David Anthony (2007), The Horse, The Wheel and Language.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Map 1: Indo-European migrations as described in The Horse, the Wheel, and Language by David W. AnthonyDavid W. Anthony

• Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers)
  • Proto-Daco-Thracians (Proto-Daco-Thracian speakers)

Moesians“>

Daco-Moesians

Geto-Dacians

File:Teritoriul onomastic al elementului dava - Sorin Olteanu.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|Map 4: Geographical distribution of attested placenames with the -dava suffix, according to Olteanu (2010). The dava distribution confirms Dacia and Moesia as the zone of Dacian speech. The dava zone is, with few exceptions, consistent with Ptolemy’s definition of Dacia’s borders. There is no conclusive evidence that Dacian was a predominant language outside the dava zone in the 1st century AD. According to Strabo, the Thracians spoke the same language as the Dacians, in which case Dacian was spoken as far as the Aegean sea and the Bosporus. But Strabo’s view is controversial among modern linguists: dava placenames are absent south of the Balkan mountains, with one exception (see Thracian, below)]]File:Dacia 82 BC.png|right|thumb|400px|Map 5: Dacian kingdom during the reign of Burebista, 82 BC, showing Dacian and GetaeGetae(File:Dacia around 60-44 BC during Burebista, including campaigns - French.png|thumb|400px|Map 6: Dacian tribes.)

• Dacians / Daci (a closely related people to the Getae, mainly west of the Carpathian Mountains, roughly matching the Dacia Superior Roman Province)
  • Albocenses
  • Ansamenses
  • Apuli / Appuli / Apulenses (Dacian Apuli) with the center at Apulon
  • Biephi / Biephes
  • Bures / Buri (Northwest Buri), they lived in the northwest of Dacia - South of Slovakian Carpathians, in the Upper Basin of the Tisia / Tisza, although related, they were a different tribe from the one centered in Buridava. (not to be confused with the Germanic tribe called Buri)
  • Caucoenses or Cauci
  • Costoboci / Costoboces / Coertoboci also Koistobokoi and Koistobokoi MontanoiBOOK, Gudmund, Schutte, Ptolemy’s maps of northern Europe, a reconstruction of the prototypes by Gudmund Schutte, 1917

, {{page needed|date=July 2016}}

• Osi / Osii, they were a Dacian tribe E.g., Romanian History and Culture but it is also argued that it was GermanicE.g., Smith, s.v. Osi or Celtic.E.g., Celtic Encyclopedia It was among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus”
• Predasenses / Predavensii
• Ratacenses / Rhadacenses
• Saboci / Sabokoi, they were a Dacian tribe, among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus”
• Serri
• Senses / Sensii
• Suci
• Trixae
• GetaeGetae, Britannica Online,” an ancient people of Thracian origin, inhabiting the banks of the lower Danube region and nearby plains. First appearing in the 6th century bc, the Getae were subjected to Scythian influence and were known as expert mounted archers and devotees of the deity Zalmoxis. Although the daughter of their king became the wife of Philip II of Macedon in 342 BC, the Macedonians under Philip II’s son Alexander crossed the Danube and burned the Getic capital seven years later. Getic technology was influenced by that of the invading Celts in the 4th and 3rd centuries bc. Under Burebistas (fl. 1st century BC), the Getae and nearby Dacians formed a powerful but short-lived state. By the middle of the following century, when the Romans had gained control over the lower Danube region, thousands of Getae were displaced, and, not long thereafter, references to the Getae disappeared from history. Later writers wrongly gave the name Getae to the Goths. The Getae and Dacians were closely related; some historians even suggest that these were names applied to a single people by different observers or at different times. Their culture is sometimes called Geto-Dacian.” (a closely related people to the Dacians, mainly east of the Carpathian Mountains, roughly matching the Dacia Inferior Roman Province)
  • Britolages
  • Buridavenses / Burridensii (Southeast Buri), their capital was Buridava, on the southern slope of the Carpathian Mountains (although related, they were a different tribe from the one that lived in the northwest of Dacia - South of Slovakian Carpathians, in the Upper Basin of the Tisia (modern Tisza) (not to be confused with the Germanic tribe called Buri)
  • Carpi / Carpiani / Carpians, Carpathian Mountains name is based on this tribe
  • Ciaginsi / Ciagisi
  • Cotesii
  • Crobyzi / Krobyzoi / Crobidae,The Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 256: “The tribe of Thracians called Crobyzi” perhaps GetaeJohn Boardman in his History wrote “However, a text of the Hellanicus associates the Crobyzi as well the Terizi (From the Tirizian promontory) with the Getae, who “immortalize” (Hdt IV94) that is “render immortal” by ritual. The Crobizi were a subgroup of the Getae tribes. Already known to Hecataeus they are grouped by Herodotus with Thracians” The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 598/
  • Getae Proper
    • Aedi
    • Clariae
    • ScaugdaeThe Cambridge ancient history Volume 3, page 598, by John Boardman, 1991, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, “Getic tribes were probably the Aedi, the Scaugdae and the Clariae ... They were known in antiquity as Getae...”
  • Harpii
  • Obulenses
  • Ordes
  • Piephigi
  • Potulatenses
  • Saldenses / Saldensii
  • Terici / TeriziThe Cambridge ancient history. Volume 3, page 598, by John Boardman, 1991, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}
  • Tyragetae / TyragetiRomania: An Illustrated History by Nicolae Klepper, 2003, page 33: “... the Carps and the Roxolani), by Bastarns, and by Tyragetae (another Geto-Dacian tribe)...“{{Unreliable source?|date=March 2011}}
  • Troglodytae (Getian Troglodytae)The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 598: “The cultural level of some Getic tribes was so low that they lived in ‘houses’ dug into the earth (such underground villages are known among Phrygians and Armenians). The Greeks called them Troglodytae”

Dacians mixed with other peoples

Celts“>

Daco-Celts

• Anartes / Anarti (Dacianized Celtic tribe, Celtic origin tribe later assimilated by the Dacians)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, {{ISBN|0-415-41252-8}}, 2007, page 46
• Teurisci

Scythians“>

Daco-Scythians

• Napae (Dacianized Scythian tribe, Scythian origin tribe later assimilated by the Dacians, after whom the city of Napoca is possibly namedPârvan (1982) p.165 and p.82

Moesians / Moesi / Mysi

• Artacii / ArtakioiThe Cambridge ancient history Volume 3, page 599, by John Boardman - 1991 “Pliny speaks of the Moesic tribes...but their names remain almost unknown; in the Roman period, the tribes of the Artakioi“{{failed verification|date=July 2015}}
• Aureliani
• Picenses - They lived south of the Danube Iron Gates (see Map 5).
• TriballiThe Spartacus War by Barry Strauss, {{ISBN|1-4165-3205-6}}, 2009, page 183: “... their women, who likely stood in the rear ranks. The Triballi, a tough Thracian people, ...”

Thracians

(File:Roman Empire Map AlexanderFindlay1849.png|thumb|400px|Map 8: 1849 map of Roman regions, fortresses and tribes in Thrace and Dacia (about 150 AD))File:OdrysianKingdom.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Map 9: Thracian tribes in Thrace and the Odrysian Kingdom, Odrysians were one of the most powerful Thracian tribes. Sapeia, a name derived from the Sapaei tribe, was Northern Thrace and Asteia, a name derived from the Astae or Asti tribe, was Southern ThraceThraceCertain tribes and subdivisions of tribes were named differently by ancient writers but modern research points out that these were in fact the same tribe.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 601 The name Thracians itself seems to be a Greek exonym and we have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 597: “We have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves and if indeed they had a common name...Thus the name of Thracians and that of their country were given by the Greeks to a group of tribes occupying the territory...” Also certain tribes mentioned by Homer are not indeed historical.

• AgrianesThe Cambridge Ancient History: pt. 1. The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. Cambridge University Press, 1991. University of Minnesota/ (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2

• ApsynthiiHerodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), 9.119.1, “CXIX. As Oeobazus was making his escape into Thrace, the Apsinthians of that country caught and sacrificed him in their customary manner to Plistorus the god of their land; as for his companions, they did away with them by other means. Artayctes and his company had begun their flight later, and were overtaken a little way beyond the Goat’s Rivers, where after they had defended themselves a long time, some of them were killed and the rest taken alive. The Greeks bound them and carried them to Sestus, and together with them Artayctes and his son also in bonds.”
• Astae / Asti,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, {{ISBN|1-84176-329-2}}, 2001, page 11: “After the battle, 10,000 Thracians drawn from the Astii, Caeni, Maduateni and Coreli occupied each side of a narrow forested pass ...“The Cambridge ancient history Volume 3, page 604, by John Boardman - 1991, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, “The Astae appeared only from the late Hellenistic era, second-first century B.C.” they appear in the 2nd century BC to 1st century BC
• BeniThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 606: “In the middle Hebrus valley and to the east of the Odrysae and the Coleates minores are the Benni...”
• Bessi / Biessoi,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, {{ISBN|1-84176-329-2}}, 2001, page 13: “... of the Emperor Augustus) who returned the favour, defeating the Bessi when they attacked Macedonia. This tribe must have impressed the Romans, as they took to calling all Thracians ‘Bessi’; they wrote it down as the tribe of origin ...” they were among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus”
• BisaltaeAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, {{ISBN|0-19-814099-1}}, page 854, “... Various tribes have occupied this part of Thrace: Bisaltians (lower Strymon valley), Odomantes (the plain to the north of the Strymon) ...”
• BistonesThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubrey de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 452: “... I10 The Thracian tribes lying along his route were the Paeti, Cicones, Bistones, Sapaei, Dersaei, Edoni, and Satrae...”
• Bithyni or Bythini, migrated to Asia Minor or Anatolia
• BrenaeStrabo, Geography, book 7, chapter fragments: ... and a fourth to Pelagonia. Along the Hebrus dwell the Corpili, the Brenæ still higher up, above them, and lastly
• Caeni / Kainoi
• CebreniiPolyaenus: Stratagems - BOOK 7, The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him. To suppress the rebelliousness that had taken hold of the troops, Cosingas built a number of long ladders, and fastened them one to another. He then put out a report, that he had decided to climb up to heaven, in order to inform Hera of the disobedience of the Thracians. The Thracians, who are notoriously stupid and ridiculous, were terrified by the idea of their general’s intended journey, and the resulting wrath of heaven. They implored him not to carry out his plan, and they promised with an oath to obey all of his future commands.
• Cicones (Kikones), mentioned by Homer in Odyssey
• CoelaletaeThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 606: “The other branch of this tribe, the Coelaletae maiores, lived in the region of the High Tonzos between Stara ...”
• Coreli / Coralli
• Corpili / Corpillices
• CrousiThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 601-602
• Dersaei
• DentheletaeThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 600
• Derrones (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)
• DigeriPlin. Nat. 4.18, “Thrace now follows, divided into fifty strategies1, and to be reckoned among the most powerful nations of Europe. Among its peoples whom we ought not to omit to name are the Denseletæ and the Medi, dwelling upon the right bank of the Strymon, and joining up to the Bisaltæ above2 mentioned; on the left there are the Digerri and a number of tribes of the Bessi”
• Dii / DioiThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 607: “The existence of a tribe called Diobessi (Plin.Loc.Cit.) links together ethnically the Bessi and the Dii...”
• Diobesi
• DolonciThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 607: “Of these interminable struggles which never ceased to plague Thrace the best known were those between the Apsynthii and the Dolonci...”
• Edoni / Edones
• Maduateni
• MaediThe Spartacus War by Barry Strauss, {{ISBN|1-4165-3205-6}}, 2009, page 31: “... ancient text might have referred not to nomads but to Maedi (singular, Maedus). The Maedi were a Thracian tribe...”
  • MaedoBythini,The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 601: “Earlier certain tribes of the Maedi emigrated to Asia minor where they were known by the name of the MaedoBythini...” Maedi that migrated to Asia Minor or Anatolia
• MelanditaeAnabasis by H. G. Dakyns, 2006, {{ISBN|1-4250-0949-2}}, page 321: “... his sway extended over the Melanditae, the Thynians, and the Tranipsae. Then the affairs of the Odrysians took ...”
• MelinophagiA Lexicon to Xenophon’s Anabasis: Adapted to All the Common Editions, for the Use Both of Beginners by Alpheus Crosby, Xenophon, {{ISBN|1-110-27521-8}}, 2009, page 83, ” Melinophagi, a Thracian people near Sahnydessus on the Euzine, perhaps Srabo’s Agra, ...”
• NipsaeiThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 271, “The Thracians of... those who live beyond Apollonia and Mesembria, known as the Scyrmiadae and Nipsaeans, surrendered without fighting; but the Getae...”
• Odomanti / OdomantesThrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian. (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)
• Odrysae / OdrysiansPausanias, Description of Greece Messenia, 4.33.1, “...but settled among the Odrysae when pregnant, for Philammon refused to take her into his house. Thamyris is called an Odrysian and Thracian on these grounds...”
• Paeti
• PieresAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, {{ISBN|0-19-814099-1}}, page 803: “... a [...] decree from Gonnoi. Originally populated by Thracian Pieres, Leibethra and this part of Pieria were conquered by the ...” (They also may have been a Brygian tribe, related to the Phrygians and the Mygdones, and not a Thracian tribe)
• Saii / Saioi / Saianes (Saians) - Thracian tribe that inhabited Thassos island before Phoenician and Greek colonization.
• Samothraci / Samothrakoi - Thracian tribe that lived in the island of Samothrace after the Pelasgians and before the Greeks that came from Samos island.
• Sapaei,Pausanias’s Description Of Greece V4: Commentary On Books VI-VIII by James G. Frazer, 2006, page 132: “... led an army against ... Abrupolis, king of the Sapaeans etc. The Sapaeans were a Thracian tribe in the neighbourhood of Abdera...” close to Abdera, ruled Thrace after the Odrysians
• Satrae / SatriEuripides: Hecuba (Euripides) by M. Tierney, 2003, {{ISBN|0-906515-17-3}}, Back Matter: “... tells of an oracle of Dionysus among tlae Satrae, a Thracian tribe. The Greeks also regarded him as a god of ...”
• Scyrmiadae
• SintiansGreek colonisation: an account of Greek colonies and other settlements overseas, {{ISBN|90-04-15576-7}}, by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze - 2008, page 488, “The territory of the Thracian Sintians...”
• SithonesThe central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians, {{ISBN|90-256-0793-4}}, page 69, by Fanula Papazoglu - 1978, “...were directed against the Thracian coast. The Greeks came into contact with the ... says that “...the outstanding Thracian tribes were the Sithones...”
• Sycaeboae
• Thyni, migrated to Asia Minor/Anatolia
• TilataeiThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, {{ISBN|0-521-22717-8}}, 1992, page 600: “The Triballi were the western neighbours of the Treres and the Tilataei who occupied in general the region of Serdica...”
• TrallesPsyche: the cult of souls and the belief in immortality among the Greeks -page 281

by Erwin Rohde, {{ISBN|0-415-22563-9}}, 2000, “It appears that a branch of the Thracian tribe of the Tralles...“Plutarch’s Lives Volume III by Plutarch, 2007, {{ISBN|1-4264-7592-6}}, page 183: “... have been connected with diem. Liddell and Scott speak of “Trallians” as “Thracian barbarians employed in Asia as mercenaries, torturers, and executioners.”

• Tranipsae
• TrausiHerodotus, “The Trausi in all else resemble the other Thracians, but have customs at births and deaths which I will now describe. When a child is born all its kindred sit round about it in a circle and weep for the woes it will have to undergo now that it is come into the world, making mention of every ill that falls to the lot of humankind; when, on the other hand, a man has died, they bury him with laughter and rejoicings, and say that now he is free from a host of sufferings, and enjoys the completest happiness.” (Histories, 5.4)
• TreresHistory of Greece: Volume 3 by George Grote, {{ISBN|1-4021-7005-X}}, 2001, page 253: “... to speak of several invasions, in which the Trêres, a Thracian tribe, were concerned, and which are not clearly discriminated...”

Thracians mixed with other peoples

Celts“>

Thraco-Celts

• Tricornenses / Tricornesii (Romanized Thraco-Celtic community, artificially created by the Romans, that replaced the Celtic Celegeri)The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Volume 10) by Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott, 1996, p. 580, “...Danubian and Balkan provinces Tricornenses of Tricornium (Ritopek) replaced the Celegeri, the Picensii of Pincum...”

Phrygians“>

Thraco-Phrygians

Mixed tribes of Thracians and Phrygians, however Phrygians seem to have been a people ethnolinguistically closer to the Hellenic peoples, Greeks and ancient Macedonians, and not to the Thracians.

• Mygdones
• Pieres (They also may have been a Brygian tribe, related to the Phrygians and the Mygdones, and not a Thracian tribe)

Possible Daco-Thracian peoples

Paeonians (Paeones)

There are different views and still no agreement among scholars about the Paeonians’ ethnic and linguistic kinship. Some such as Wilhelm Tomaschek and Paul Kretschmer claim that the language spoken by the Paeonians belonged to the Illyrian family, while Dimitar Dechev claims affinities with Thracian. Irwin L. Merker considers that the language spoken by the Paeonians was closely related to Greek (and ancient Macedonian if it was a distinct language from ancient Greek), a Hellenic language with “a great deal of Illyrian and Thracian influence as a result of this proximity”.NEWS, The Ancient Kingdom of Paionia, Balkan Studies 6, 1965, File:Map of the Paeonian Tribes (English).svg|thumb|400px|Map 10: Paionian tribes (in yellow, north and northeast of Ancient MacedoniansAncient Macedonians

• Agrianes (also, Agriani and Agrii) (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)
• AlmopiansThe Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, Robert B. Strassler, Richard Crawley, and Victor Davis Hanson, 1998, {{ISBN|0-684-82790-5}}, page 153,“... of them still live round Physcasb- and the Almopians from Almopia. (also Almopioi)
• DerronesThe Cambridge Ancient History, Martin Percival Charlesworth, {{ISBN|0-521-85073-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-521-85073-5}}

Volume 4, Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, C. 525 to 479 B.C, John Boardman, page 252, “The Paeonians were the earlier owners of some of these mines, but after their defeat in the coastal sector they maintained their independence in the mainland and coined large denominations in the upper Strymon and the Upper Axius area in the names of the Laeaei and the Derrones” (also Derroni) (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)

• DoberesThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 452, “... Then he passed through the country of the Doberes and Paeoplae (Paeonian tribes living north of Pangaeum), and continued in a ...”
• Laeaeans (also Laeaei and Laiai)
• OdomantesAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, {{ISBN|0-19-814099-1}}, page 854, ... Various tribes have occupied this part of Thrace: Bisaltians (lower Strymon valley), Odomantes (the plain to the north of the Strymon) ... (also Odomanti) (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)Thrace in the Graeco-Roman world, p. 112 but others claim that together with the Agrianes and Odomanti, at least the latter of which were with certainty Thracian, not Paeonian.
• PaeoplaeThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 315, ... “was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ...”
• SiropaionesThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, {{ISBN|0-14-044908-6}}, 2003, page 315, “... was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ...”

Phrygians

Some scholars as Strabo believe that the Phrygians are Thracian tribe.Strabo, The Geography, VII.3: Mysia, Dacia, and the Danube (SE Europe) weblink published in Vol. III of the Loeb Classical Library edition, 1924, p. 294‑308

Cimmerians

• Cimmerians could have been a people of Thracian-Dacian origin with an Iranian overlordship, a mixture of Thracians and Iranians or a missing link and a transitional people between Indo-Iranian peoples and Thracians and Dacians.

Sources

Ancient

• BOOK, Appian, Appian, Historia Romana, Roman History,archive.org/details/appiansromanhist01appi, 165, Ancient Greek

,

• BOOK, Dio, Cassius, Rome, 3 (of 6), 2008, Echo Library, 978-1-4068-2644-9

,

• BOOK, Cassius, Dio Cocceianus, Cary, Earnest, Foster, Herbert Baldwin, Dio’s Roman history, volume 8, 1968, W. Heinemann

,

• “MEMBERWIDE">

HERODOTUS, 440 BC, |last = Herodotus|author-link= Herodotus|title = Histories|url =www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/|orig-date= c. 440 BC|language = Ancient Greek}}

• BOOK, Pliny (the Elder), Rackham, Harris, Pliny Natural History, Volume 2, 1971, Harvard University Press

,

• BOOK

STRABO, 20 AD, |last = Strabo|author-link= Strabo|title = Geographica|trans-title=Geography|url =penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html|orig-date= c. 20 AD|language = Ancient Greek}} BOOK, Strabo, Jones, Horace Leonard, Sterrett, John Robert, The geography of Strabo, 1967, Harvard University Press , Modern BOOK, Abramea, Anna P, Thrace, 1994, Idea Advertising-Marketing, 978-9608560918 , JOURNAL , Alecu-CăluÈ™iță , Mioara , Steagul geto-dacilor , The Geto-Dacians’ Flag , Noi Tracii , Romanian ,www.fondazionedragan.org/media/04_1992_nt_aprile.pdf , 210 , 1992 , Centro Europeo di Studii Traci , Rome , dead ,www.fondazionedragan.org/media/04_1992_nt_aprile.pdf" title="web.archive.org/web/20131002102519www.fondazionedragan.org/media/04_1992_nt_aprile.pdf">web.archive.org/web/20131002102519www.fondazionedragan.org/media/04_1992_nt_aprile.pdf , 2013-10-02 , BOOK, Applebaum, Shimon, Prolegomena to the study of the second Jewish revolt (A.D. 132–135)

British Archaeological Reports>BAR, 1976, BOOK, Astarita, Maria Laura, Avidio Cassio, 1983, Ed. di Storia e Letteratura, 461867183 , BOOK, Barnes, Timothy D., Constantine and Eusebius, Harvard, 1984, 978-0674165311 , BOOK, Barbulescu, Mihai, Nagler, Thomas, The History of Transylvania: Until 1541, Coordinator Pop, Ioan Aurel, Romanian Cultural Institute, Cluj-Napoca,books.google.com/books?id=96IsAQAAIAAJ, 2005, 978-9737784001 , BOOK, Berresford Ellis, Peter, Celt and Greek: Celts in the Hellenic World, Constable & Robinson, 1996, 978-0094755802 , BOOK, Bennett, Julian, Trajan: Optimus Princeps, 1997, Routledge, 978-0415165242 , BOOK, A History of Rome to A.D. 565, Boak, Arthur E. R., Sinnigen, William G., 1977, 6th Rev, Macmillan, 978-0029796900 , BOOK, Boila, Lucian, Romania: Borderland of Europe, 2001, Reaktion, 978-1861891037 , BOOK, Bowman, Alan, Cameron, Averil, Garnsey, Peter, The Cambridge Ancient History, 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337, 2005, CUP, 978-0521301992 , BOOK, Brixhe, Claude, Phrygian in The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor, CUP, 2008, 978-0521684965 , BOOK, Bunbury, Edward Herbert, A history of ancient geography among the Greeks and Romans: from the earliest ages till the fall of the Roman empire., Humanities Press International, 1979, London, 978-9070265113 , BOOK, Bunson, Matthew, A Dictionary of the Roman Empire, 1995, OUP, 978-0195102338 , BOOK, Bunson, Matthew, Roman Empire, Encyclopedia of The, Revised Edition, Fitzhenry & Whiteside; 2nd Revised edition, 2002, 978-0816045624, registration,archive.org/details/isbn_9780816045624 , BOOK, Burns, Thomas S., A History of the Ostrogoths, Indiana University Press, 1991, 978-0253206008 , BOOK, Bury, John Bagnell, Cook, Stanley Arthur, Adcock, Frank E., Percival Charlesworth, Martin, The Cambridge Ancient History, Rome and the Mediterranean, 218-133 BC, 1954, Macmillan , BOOK, Cardos, G, Stoian, V, Miritoiu, N, Comsa, A, Kroll, A, Voss, S, Rodewald, A,www.scribd.com/doc/326027/PaleomtDNA-analysis-and-population-genetic-aspects-of-old-Thracian-populations-from-SouthEast-of-Romania, Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania, 2004, Romanian Society of legal medicine , BOOK, Chakraberty, Chandra, The prehistory of India: tribal migrations, 1948, Vijayakrishna , BOOK, Clarke, John R., Art in the Lives of Ordinary Romans: Visual Representation and Non-Elite Viewers in Italy, 100 B.C.-A.D. 315, University of California, 2003, 978-0520219762 , BOOK, Conti, Stefano, Scardigli, Barbara, Torchio, Maria Cristina, Geografia e viaggi nell’antichità, 2007, Ancona, 978-8873260905 , BOOK, Cowan, Ross, Imperial Roman Legionary AD 161–284, Osprey, 2003, 978-1841766010 , BOOK, Burebista and his time, Ion HoraÈ›iu, CriÈ™an, Ion HoraÈ›iu CriÈ™an, Bibliotheca historica Romaniae, 1978, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti, Sanda Mihailescu , BOOK, Crossland, R.A., Boardman, John, Linguistic problems of the Balkan area in the late prehistoric and early Classical period, The Cambridge Ancient History, 3, Part 1, 1982, CUP, 978-0521224963 , BOOK, Cunliffe, Barry W., Rome and Her Empire, 1994, Constable, 978-0094735002 , BOOK, Denne Parker, Henry Michael, A history of the Roman world from AD 138 to 337, Methuen, 1958 , BOOK, Dumitrescu, Vlad, Boardman, John, Hammond, N. G. L, Sollberger, E, The prehistory of Romania from the earliest times to 1000 BC, The Cambridge Ancient History, The Prehistory of the Balkans, the Middle East and the Aegean World, Tenth to Eighth Centuries BC, 1982, CUP, 978-0521224963 , BOOK, Duridanov, Ivan, Die Sprache der Thraker, The Language of the Thracians,books.google.com/books?id=ra3iAAAAMAAJ, Hieronymus Verlag, Neuried, 1985, Bulgarische Sammlung, German, 978-3888930317 , BOOK, Eisler, Robert, Robert Eisler, Man into wolf: an anthropological interpretation of sadism, masochism, and lycanthropy,archive.org/details/manintowolf033333mbp, 1951, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, B0000CI25D , BOOK, Eliade, Mircea, Mircea Eliade, Zalmoxis, the vanishing God: comparative studies in the religions and folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe,books.google.com/books?id=HyehAAAACAAJ, 1986, University of Chicago Press, 978-0226203850 , BOOK, Eliade, Mircea, Mircea Eliade, Ivănescu, Maria, Ivănescu, Cezar, De la Zalmoxis la Genghis-Han: studii comparative despre religiile È™i folclorul Daciei È™i Europei Orientale, From Zalmoxis to Genghis Khan: comparative studies in the religions and folklore of Dacia and Eastern Europe,books.google.com/books?id=o8coAAAAYAAJ, Based on the translation from French of De Zalmoxis à Gengis-Khan, Payot, Paris, 1970, 1995, Humanitas, BucureÈ™ti, Romania, Romanian, 978-9732805541 , BOOK, Ellis, L., ‘Terra deserta’: population, politics, and the [de]colonization of Dacia. World archaeology, Routledge, 1998, 978-0415198097 , BOOK, Ellis, Robert, The Armenian origin of the Etruscans,archive.org/details/bub_gb_KDwjAAAAMAAJ, Parker, Son and Bourn, 1861 , {{better source needed|date= November 2013}} ENCYCLOPEDIA, Elton, Hugh, Lenski, Noel Emmanuel, Warfare and the Military, The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine, CUP, 2005, 978-0521818384 , WEB

ENCYCLOPæDIA BRITANNICA – DACIA, |author = Encyclopædia Britannica|title = Dacia|date = 26 September 2023|url =www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149413/Dacia#ref=ref24738&tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Dacia%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica}} BOOK, Everitt, Anthony, Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome, 2010, Random House Trade, 978-0812978148 , BOOK, Fisher, Iancu, Les substrats et leur influence sur les langues romanes: la Romania du Sud-Est / Substrate und ihre Wirkung auf die romanischen Sprachen: Sudostromania in Romanische Sprachgeschichte, 2003, Mouton De Gruyter, 978-3110146943 , BOOK, Florov, Irina, The 3000-year-old hat: New connections with Old Europe : the Thraco-Phrygian world, Golden Vine, 2001, 978-0968848708 , ENCYCLOPEDIA, Fol, Alexander, Alexander Fol, de Laet, Sigfried J., History of Humanity, Thracians, Celts, Illyrians and Dacians, History of Humanity, 3: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.,books.google.com/books?id=WGUz01yBumEC, UNESCO, 1996, 978-9231028120 , BOOK, Българска етимология и ономастика, BÅ­lgarska akademii︠a︡ na naukite. Institut za BÅ­lgarski ezik, bg, fr, Georgiev, Vladimir Ivanov, Vladimir I. Georgiev, 1960, Sofia , BOOK, Glodariu, Ioan, Dacian trade with the Hellenistic and Roman world, British Archaeological Reports, 1976, 978-0904531404 , ENCYCLOPEDIA, Glodariu, Ioan, Pop, Ioan Aurel, Nagler, Thomas, The history and civilization of the Dacians, The history of Transylvania Until 1541, 2005, Romanian Cultural Institute, Cluj Napoca, 978-9737784001 , BOOK, Goffart, Walter A., Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire, 2006, University of Pennsylvania Press, 978-0812239393 , BOOK, Vladimir, Groh, Mnema, 1964, Univerzita J.E. PurkynÄ› v BrnÄ›. Filozofická fakulta , BOOK, Grumeza, Ion, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe,books.google.com/books?id=07-RjGQajw0C, 2009, Hamilton Books, 978-0-7618-4465-5 , {{Unreliable source?|date=March 2011}} BOOK, Gibbon, Edward, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, I, 2008, 1776, Cosimo Classics, 978-1605201207 , BOOK, GaraÅ¡anin, Milutin V., Benac, Alojz, Actes du VIIIe congrès international des sciences préhistoriques, 1973, International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, French , BOOK, Georgescu, Vlad, The Romanians – A History, Matei Calinescu, Alexandra Bley-Vroman, I. B. Tauris, 1991, 978-1850433323 , BOOK, Gibbon, Edward, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, I, 2008, 1776, Cosimo Classics, 978-1605201207 , BOOK, Goodman, Martin, Sherwood, Jane, The Roman World 44 BC–AD 180, 2002, Routledge, 978-0203408612 , ENCYCLOPEDIA, Hainsworth, J.B., The relationships of the ancient languages of the Balkan, The Cambridge Ancient History, John, Boardman, 2nd, 3, Part 1, CUP, 1982, 978-0521224963 , BOOK, Hazel, John, Who’s Who in the Roman World, Routledge, 2002, 978-0203425992, registration,archive.org/details/whoswhoinromanwo00john , BOOK, Heather, Peter, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians, OUP, 2006, 978-0195159547 , BOOK, Heather, Peter, Empires and Barbarians: Migration, Development, and the Birth of Europe, 2010, OUP, 978-0199735600 , BOOK, Husovská, Ludmilá, Slovakia: walking through centuries of cities and towns,books.google.com/books?id=Zpp7AAAAMAAJ, Príroda, 1998, 978-8007010413 , BOOK, Jażdżewski, Konrad, Atlas to the prehistory of the Slavs, 1948, Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe / Łodz Scientific Society, Teresa A. Dmochowska , BOOK, Jeanmaire, Henri, Couroi et courètes,books.google.com/books?id=vQLcSAAACAAJ, 1975, Arno, New York, French, 978-0405070013 , BOOK, Kephart, Calvin, Sanskrit: its origin, composition, and diffusion, 1949, Shenandoah , ENCYCLOPEDIA, Koch, John T, Dacians and Celts, Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, 1, 2005, ABC-CLIO, 978-1851094400 , BOOK, Köpeczi, Béla, Makkai, Laszlo, Mócsy, András, Szász, Zoltán, Barta, Gabor, History of Transylvania – From the Beginnings to 1606, 2002, 978-0880334792, East European Monographs, Hungarian , BOOK, Kostrzewski, Józef, Les origines de la civilisation polonaise, 1949, Press University of France , BOOK, Lemny, Stefan, Iorga, Nicolae, Vasile Pârvan, 1984, Editura Eminescu , BOOK, The fourth century B.C., D. M., Lewis, John, Boardman, Simon, Hornblower, M., Ostwald, CUP, 2008, 7, The Cambridge ancient history, 6, 978-0521233484 , BOOK, The grand strategy of the Roman Empire from the first century A.D. to the third , Edward N. , Luttwak , 1976 , Johns Hopkins , Baltimore , 978-0801818639 ,archive.org/details/grandstrategyofr00lutt , BOOK, MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan, The Dacian Stones Speak, 2000, University of North Carolina,books.google.com/books?id=Lwt5Li_q2asC&pg=PA60, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 978-0807849392 , BOOK, MacKenzie, Andrew, Archaeology in Romania: the mystery of the Roman occupation, Robert Hale, 1986, 978-0709027249 , BOOK, Millar, Fergus, Fergus Millar, Cotton, Hannah M., Hannah Cotton, Rogers, Guy M., Rome, the Greek World, and the East, 2: Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire,books.google.com/books?id=CVz_Jvp4DGEC, 2004, University of North Carolina, 978-0807855201 , BOOK, Millar, Fergus, Fergus Millar, Roman Empire and Its Neighbours, 1981, Gerald Duckworth, 2nd illus., 978-0715614525 , BOOK, Minns, Ellis Hovell, Scythians and Greeks: a survey of ancient history and archaeology on the north coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, CUP, 1913, 2011, 978-1108024877 , BOOK, Mountain, Harry, The Celtic Encyclopedia, 1998, Universal, 978-1581128901 , BOOK, Mulvin, Lynda, Late Roman Villas in the Danube-Balkan Region, 2002

British Archaeological Reports>BAR, 978-1841714448, JOURNAL, Nandris, John, Friesinger, Herwig, Kerchler, Helga, Pittioni, Richard, Mitscha-Märheim, Herbert, The Dacian Iron Age – A Comment in a European Context, Archaeologia Austriaca,books.google.com/books?id=C-TnAAAAMAAJ, Deuticke, Vienna, 13, 13–14, Festschrift für Richard Pittioni zum siebzigsten Geburtstag, 1976, 0003-8008, 978-3700544203 , BOOK, Niessen, James P., Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture, 2004, ABC-CLIO, 978-1576078006, registration,archive.org/details/easterneuropeint0000unse , BOOK, Nixon, C. E. V., Saylor Rodgers, Barbara, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyric Latini, 1995, University of California, 978-0520083264 , BOOK, Oltean, Ioana Adina, Dacia: landscape, colonisation and romanisation,books.google.com/books?id=wgvH2j7dWuEC, 2007, Routledge, 978-0415412520 , JOURNAL, Otto, Karl-Heinz, :de:Karl-Heinz Otto (Prähistoriker), Ethnographisch-archäologische Zeitschrift, 41, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2000, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften , BOOK, Paliga, Sorin, Thracian and pre-Thracian studies: linguistic papers published between 1986 and 1996, 1999, Sorin Paliga , {{better source needed|date= November 2013}} BOOK, Paliga, Paliga, Sorin, Etymological Lexicon of the Indigenous (Thracian) Elements in Romanian, 2006, Fundatia Evenimentul, 978-9738792005 , BOOK, Papazoglu, Fanula, The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times:Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci, & Moesians, translated by Mary Stansfield-Popovic, 1978, Hakkert, 978-9025607937 , BOOK, Pares, Bernard Sir, Seton-Watso, Robert William, Williams, Harold, Brooke Jopson, Norman, The Slavonic and East European review: a survey of the peoples of eastern Europe, their history, economics, philology and literature, 18–19, 1939, W.S. Manely , BOOK, Pârvan, Vasile, Vasile Pârvan, Getica,www.cimec.ro/Biblioteca-Digitala/Parvan/Parvan-Getica.htm, 1926, Cvltvra NaÈ›ională, BucureÈ™ti, Romania, Romanian, French , BOOK, Parvan, Vasile, Dacia, 1928, CUP , BOOK, Parvan, Vasile, Vulpe, Alexandru, Vulpe, Radu, Dacia, 2002, Editura 100+1 Gramar, 978-9735913618 , BOOK, Parvan, Vasile, Florescu, Radu, Getica, 1982, Editura Meridiane , ENCYCLOPEDIA, Peregrine, Peter N., Peter N. Peregrine, Ember, Melvin, Encyclopedia of Prehistory: Volume 4: Europe, Melvin Ember, Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 4 : Europe, 2001, Springer, 978-0306462580 , BOOK, Petolescu, Constantin C, Inscriptions de la Dacie romaine : inscriptions externes concernant l’histoire de la Dacie (Ier-IIIe siècles)., 2000, Enciclopedica, 978-9734501823 , BOOK, Pittioni, Richard, Kerchler, Helga, Friesinger, Herwig, Mitscha-Märheim, Herbert, Festschrift für Richard Pittioni zum siebzigsten Geburtstag, Archaeologia Austriaca : Beiheft, 1976, Wien, Deuticke, Horn, Berger, 978-3700544203 , CONFERENCE, Poghirc, Cicerone, Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology Rotterdam 1984, 1989, Brill Academic Pub, 978-9004088641 , BOOK, Polomé, Edgar C., Edgar Charles Polomé, 1983, Linguistic situation in the western provinces

isbn = 978-3110095258, Walter de Gruyter, ENCYCLOPEDIA, Polomé, Edgar Charles, Edgar Charles Polomé, Boardman, John, Balkan Languages (Illyrian, Thracian and Daco-Moesian), The Cambridge Ancient History, 1982, 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C, 2nd, 20e,books.google.com/books?id=5y0OAQAAMAAJ, CUP, London, 978-0521224963 , BOOK, Pop, Ioan Aurel, Romanians and Romania: A Brief History, East European Monographs, 2000, 978-0880334402 , BOOK, Price, Glanville, Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe, 2000, Wiley-Blackwell, 978-0631220398 , BOOK, Renfrew, Colin, Archaeology and Language, The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins, 1990, CUP, 978-0521386753 , BOOK, Roesler, Robert E., Das vorromische Dacien, 1864, Academy, Wien, XLV , BOOK, Rosetti, A., La linguistique Balkanique in Revue roumaine de linguistique, volume 27, 1982, Editions de l’Academie de la RSR , BOOK, Ruscu, D., The supposed extermination of the Dacians: the literary tradition, Roman Dacia: The Making Of A Provincial Society, William S. Hanson, I. P. Haynes, 2004, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 978-1887829564 , BOOK, Russu, I. Iosif, Limba Traco-Dacilor (’Thraco-Dacian language’), 1967, Editura Stiintifica, Romanian , BOOK, Russu, I. Iosif, Die Sprache der Thrako-Daker (’Thraco-Dacian language’), 1969, Editura Stiintifica, German , BOOK, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial Rome , Chris , Scarre , 1995 , Thames & Hudson , 978-0500050774 ,archive.org/details/chronicleofroman00scar , BOOK, Schmitz, Michael, The Dacian threat, 101–106 AD, Armidale, NSW, Caeros, 2005, 978-0975844502 , BOOK, Schütte, Gudmund, Ptolemy’s maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes,archive.org/details/ptolemysmapsofno00schrich, 1917, H. Hagerup , BOOK, Shchukin, Mark, Rome and the barbarians in central and eastern Europe: 1st century BC – 1st century AD, 1989

British Archaeological Reports>BAR, BOOK, Shchukin, Mark, Kazanski, Michel, Michel Kazanski, Sharov, Oleg, Des les goths aux huns: le nord de la mer Noire au Bas-Empire et a l’époque des grandes migrations, 2006

British Archaeological Reports>BAR, 978-1841717562, BOOK, Sidebottom, Harry, The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare: Volume 2, Rome from the Late Republic to the Late Empire, International Relations, 2007, CUP, 978-0521782746 , BOOK, Skvarna, Dusan, Cicaj, Viliam, Letz, Robert, Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon, 2000, Bolchazy-Carducci, 978-0865164444 , BOOK, Solta, Georg Renatus, Berücksichtigung des Substrats und des Balkanlateinischen, 1980, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft , BOOK, Southern, Pat, The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantin, 2001, Routledge, 978-0203451595 , BOOK, Taylor, Timothy, Northeastern European Iron Age pages 210–221 and East Central European Iron Age pages 79–90, Springer Published in conjunction with the Human Relations Area Files, 2001, 978-0306462580 , BOOK, Tomaschek, Wilhelm, Les Restes de la langue dace, 1883, Le Muséon, Belgium, French , BOOK, Tomaschek, Wilhelm, Die alten Thraker, 1893, Tempsky, I, Vienna, German , BOOK, Thomson, James Oliver, History of Ancient Geography, 1948, Biblo-Moser, 978-0819601438 , BOOK, Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, A study of history, 2, 1961, OUP , BOOK, Treptow, Kurt W, A History of Romania, Polygon, 1996, 978-0880333450 , BOOK, Turnock, David, The Making of Eastern Europe: From the Earliest Times to 1815, 1988, Routledge, 978-0415012676 , JOURNAL, Joseph Van den Gheyn, Van den Gheyn, Joseph, Les populations danubiennes: études d’ethnographie comparée, The Danubian populations: comparative ethnographic studies, Revue des questions scientifiques,books.google.com/books?id=lqoxAQAAMAAJ, 17–18, Société scientifique de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1886, French, 0035-2160 , BOOK, Vraciu, Ariton, Limba daco-geÅ£ilor, 1980, Ed. Facla , BOOK, Vulpe, Alexandru, Istoria Românilor, 1, 2001, Univers Enciclopedic, Bucharest, Romanian, 973-4503812, Dacia înainte de romani , BOOK, Waldman, Carl, Mason, Catherine, Encyclopedia of European Peoples, 2-Volume Set, Facts on File, 2006, 978-0816049646 , BOOK, Watson, Alaric, Aurelian and the Third Century, Routledge, 2004, 978-0415301879 , BOOK, Westropp, Hodder M., Handbook of Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan and Roman Archeology, Kessinger Publishing, 2003, 978-0766177338 , BOOK, David Gordon, White, 1991, Myths of the Dog-Man, University of Chicago, 978-0226895093 , BOOK, Wilcox, Peter, Illustrator Gerry Embleton, 1982, Rome’s Enemies (1): Germanics and Dacians, Men at Arms, 129, Osprey, 978-0850454734 , BOOK, Wilkes, John, Provinces and Frontiers, The Cambridge Ancient History, 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337, Alan Bowman, Averil Cameron, Peter Garnsey, second, CUP, 2005, 978-0521301992 , BOOK, Zambotti, Pia Laviosa, I Balcani e l’Italia nella Preistoria, 1954, Italian, Como , BOOK, Zumpt, Karl Gottlob, Zumpt, August Wilhelm, Eclogae ex Q. Horatii Flacci poematibus page 140 and page 175 by Horace, 1852, Blanchard and Lea, Philadelphia , See also Cimmerians Dacians Getae Moesians Paeonians Prygians Scythians Thracians List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia References {{reflist}} External links {{commons|Ancient Thrace and Ancient Thracians}}{{Commons|Dacia and Dacians}} Dacian toponyms, hydronyms and tribe names weblink - Source texts of ancient Greek and Roman authors. weblink - Strabo’s work The Geography (Geographica). Book 7, Chapters 3 and 6, are about Dacia, Thracia, Danube region (Southeastern Europe). {{Dacia topics}}