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Guilin
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{{Short description|Prefecture-level city in Guangxi}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2011}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}







factoids
|other_name = Kweilin|nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city|total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = {{multiple image
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|total_width = 280px
|image_style = border:1;
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|image1 = View of Guilin from Elephant Trunk Hill (cropped).jpg
|image2 = Xiangshan Scenic Area 89468-Guilin (31130832628).jpg
|image3 = Lake Shanhu pagodas at night.jpg
|image4 = Longsheng rice terraces 87849-Longsheng (49040768916).jpg
|image5 = Jingjiang Princes City 89785-Guilin (49040802591).jpg
|image6 = Flickr - archer10 (Dennis) - China-7516.jpg
|image7 = 1 aerial yangshuo panorama 2017.jpg
}}Elephant Trunk Hill, Sun and Moon Pagodas; Longsheng Rice Terraces, Jingjiang Princes' Palace, Reed Flute Cave; Yangshuo County>Yangshuo scenery|image_size = 280px|image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Guilin City.svgElephant Trunk Hill>City Emblem|blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Guangxi subdivisions - Guilin.svg|mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Guilin City jurisdiction in Guangxi|image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = China|pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China|pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country|subdivision_name = People's Republic of ChinaAutonomous regions of China>Autonomous region|subdivision_name1 = Guangxi|subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |parts = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 27797|area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = 2753|area_metro_km2 = 5041|area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 153|elevation_max_m = |elevation_min_m = |population_as_of = 2020 censustitle=广西统计年鉴-2021website=tjj.gxzf.gov.cn}}| demographics2_title1 = Prefecture-level city| demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 231.1 billionUS$ 35.8 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 46,767US$ 7,249Time in China>China Standard|utc_offset = +825.275110.296type:adm2nd_region:CN-45_source:Gaodedisplay=it}}List of postal codes in China>Postal code|postal_code = 541XXX|area_code = 0773CN-GX-03)Vehicle registration plates of China>License plate prefixeswww.guilin.gov.cn/}}|footnotes = }}







factoids
|myr = Gwèilín|y =Gwailàhm|j = Gwai3lam4gw3l4}}|h = Kui-lìm|zha = Gveilinz|zha57 = Gveilinƨ|psp = Kweilin|l="Sweet Osmanthus Forest"}}Guilin (Standard Zhuang: Gveilinz), formerly romanized as Kweilin, is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the north. Its name means "forest of sweet osmanthus", owing to the large number of fragrant sweet osmanthus trees located in the region. The city has long been renowned for its scenery of karst topography.Guilin is one of China's most popular tourist destinations,BOOK, Foster, Simon, Frommer's China,weblink registration, 2012, John Wiley & Sons, 9781118223529, 612, and the epithet "By water, by mountains, most lovely, Guilin" ({{zh|labels=no|c=山水甲天下}})WEB,weblink zh:“桂林山水甲天下”之英译, China Daily, zh-cn, 2019-06-11, is often associated with the city. The State Council of China has designated Guilin a National Famous Historical and Cultural City, doing so in the first edition of the list.

History

Before the Qin dynasty, the Guilin region was settled by the Baiyue people. In 314 BC, a small settlement was established along the banks of the Li River.WEB,weblink Cruise Through The Beautiful Scenery Of The Li River In Guilin, Discover China, 2020-01-25, During the Qin dynasty's (221–206 BC) campaigns against the state of Nanyue, the first administration was set up in the area around Guilin.WEB,weblink Guilin (China) Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica (Online), 11 July 2013, The modern city was located within the Guilin Commandery, which is the origin of the modern name "Guilin".In 111 BC, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, Shi'an County ({{zh|links=no|s=始安县|t=始安縣}}) was established, which could be regarded as the beginning of the city.In AD 507, the town was renamed Guizhou (Gui Prefecture, {{zh|labels=no|c=桂州}}).In 634, Lingui County was established at the modern site of Guilin, under Gui Prefecture. In 868, Pang Xun rebelled against the Tang from Gui Prefecture.Guilin prospered in the Tang and Song dynasties but remained a county. The city was also a nexus between the central government and the southwest border, and it was where regular armies were placed to guard that border. Canals were built through the city so that food supplies could be directly transported from the food-productive Yangtze plain to the farthest southwestern point of the empire.In 997, Guangnan West Circuit, the predecessor of modern Guangxi, was established, with Guizhou as the capital. In 1133, Guizhou was renamed Jingjiang Prefecture ({{zh|links=no|s=静江路|t=靜江路}}). In 1367, the name was changed to Guilin Prefecture ({{zh|labels=no|c=桂林府}}).WEB, zh:桂林概况,weblink people.com.cn, zh-cn, 29 October 2018, 29 October 2018,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20181029191712weblink">weblink dead, In 1921, Guilin became one of the headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Sun Yat-sen.WEB,weblink Guilin never ceases to amaze, 19 April 2016, In 1940, Guilin City was established.WEB,weblink History of Guilin, 18 March 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120509193825weblink">weblink 9 May 2012, dead, dmy-all, WEB,weblink Guilin History, 19 April 2016, Guilin was the provincial capital of Guangxi before 1912 and from 1936 to 1949.Guilin became one of the most important military, transport, and cultural centers of China during World War II. The city drastically expanded as refugees from all over China poured in, and by 1944 its population had grown from 70,000 pre-war to more than 500,000. It hosted intellectuals and artists including Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Tian Han, Xu Beihong, Feng Zikai and many others.NEWS, 初心50城|广西桂林:"抗战文化城"的新文旅之路,weblink 7 December 2021, thepaper.cn, 23 April 2021, In 1950, the provincial capital of Guangxi was moved from Guilin to Nanning.In 1981, Guilin was listed by the State Council as one of the four cities (the other three being Beijing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou) where the protection of historical and cultural heritage, as well as natural scenery, should be treated as a priority project.WEB,weblink Beijing Hotels 【 #1 Ranked Hotel in Beijing 】 - Nehow.com, Nehow.com, 19 April 2016, WEB,weblink Guilin History, 19 April 2016,

Administrative divisions

File:伏波山.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|Statue of Ma Yuan at Fuboshan, Guilin.]]File:抗戰時期的桂林.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Streets of Guilin during the World War IIWorld War IIGuilin administers seventeen county-level divisions, including 6 districts, 8 counties, 2 autonomous counties, and 1 county-level city. {| class="wikitable! Map{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Guilin.png|width={{{1|510}}}|link=}} {{Image label|x=550|y=1200|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text={{small|Xiufeng}}}}{{Image label|x=680|y=1150|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text={{small|Diecai}}}}{{Image label|x=600|y=1270|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text={{small|Xiangshan}}}}{{Image label|x=710|y=1210|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text={{small|Qixing}}}}{{Image label|x=670|y=1420|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text={{small|Yanshan}}}}{{Image label|x=380|y=1230|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=Lingui}}{{Image label|x=750|y=1670|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=YangshuoCounty}}{{Image label|x=640|y=1040|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=LingchuanCounty}}{{Image label|x=1220|y=450|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=QuanzhouCounty}}{{Image label|x=910|y=860|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=Xing'anCounty}}{{Image label|x=230|y=1540|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=YongfuCounty}}{{Image label|x=1320|y=1020|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=GuanyangCounty}}{{Image label|x=300|y=570|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=LongshengCounty}}{{Image label|x=860|y=380|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=ZiyuanCounty}}{{Image label|x=1110|y=1980|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=PingleCounty}}{{Image label|x=1070|y=1530|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=GongchengCounty}}{{Image label|x=690|y=2030|scale={{{1|510}}}/1820|text=Lipu{{small|(city)}}}}{{Image label end}}

Geography

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng49-10.jpg|thumb|Map including Guilin (labeled as KUEI-LIN (KWEILIN) (Walled)) (AMS, 1954)]]Guilin is located in northern Guangxi, bordering Liuzhou to the west, Laibin to the southwest, Wuzhou to the south, Hezhou to the southeast, and within neighbouring Hunan, Huaihua to the northwest, Shaoyang to the north, and Yongzhou to the east. It has a total area of {{convert|27809|km2}}. The topography of the area is marked by karst formations. The karsts surrounding Guilin are made of Triassic period limestone and dolomite rocks. The Li River flows through the city.

Climate

File:Guilin (579528340).jpg|thumb|Fog on the Li RiverLi RiverGuilin has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa, bordering on Cwa), with short, mild winters, and long, hot, humid summers. Winter begins dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier. Spring is generally overcast and often rainy, while summer continues to be rainy though is the sunniest time of year. Autumn is sunny and dry. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|8.1|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.2|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|19.12|°C|1}}. The annual rainfall is just under {{convert|1890|mm|in|abbr=on}} and is delivered in bulk (~50%) from April to June, when the plum rains occur and often create the risk of flooding. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 14% in March to 53% in September, the city receives 1,487 hours of bright sunshine annually.{{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y|single line=y |collapsed = Y|location = Guilin (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010)|Jan high C = 11.7|Feb high C = 14.2|Mar high C = 17.5|Apr high C = 23.7|May high C = 27.9|Jun high C = 30.5|Jul high C = 32.8|Aug high C = 33.2|Sep high C = 30.8|Oct high C = 26.3|Nov high C = 20.8|Dec high C = 14.9|Jan mean C = 8.4|Feb mean C = 10.6|Mar mean C = 13.9|Apr mean C = 19.6|May mean C = 23.7|Jun mean C = 26.6|Jul mean C = 28.4|Aug mean C = 28.4|Sep mean C = 26.0|Oct mean C = 21.5|Nov mean C = 16.2|Dec mean C = 10.8|Jan low C = 6.1|Feb low C = 8.3|Mar low C = 11.4|Apr low C = 16.6|May low C = 20.7|Jun low C = 23.8|Jul low C = 25.2|Aug low C = 25.0|Sep low C = 22.6|Oct low C = 18.3|Nov low C = 13.1|Dec low C = 8.0Jan record low C = −4.9Feb record low C = −3.6Mar record low C = 0.0Apr record low C = 4.0May record low C = 10.7Jun record low C = 13.0Jul record low C = 18.2Aug record low C = 18.3Sep record low C = 12.9Oct record low C = 6.1Nov record low C = 0.7Dec record low C = −3.3|precipitation colour = green|Jan precipitation mm = 68.9|Feb precipitation mm = 83.9|Mar precipitation mm = 153.0|Apr precipitation mm = 226.7|May precipitation mm = 321.1|Jun precipitation mm = 448.7|Jul precipitation mm = 266.3|Aug precipitation mm = 147.6|Sep precipitation mm = 80.9|Oct precipitation mm = 54.9|Nov precipitation mm = 81.9|Dec precipitation mm = 54.1|Jan humidity = 71|Feb humidity = 73|Mar humidity = 78|Apr humidity = 78|May humidity = 78|Jun humidity = 81|Jul humidity = 77|Aug humidity = 75|Sep humidity = 70|Oct humidity = 66|Nov humidity = 67|Dec humidity = 65|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13.5|Feb precipitation days = 13.6|Mar precipitation days = 19.3|Apr precipitation days = 18.5|May precipitation days = 18.2|Jun precipitation days = 18.5|Jul precipitation days = 16.1|Aug precipitation days = 12.5|Sep precipitation days = 7.9|Oct precipitation days = 7.1|Nov precipitation days = 9.2|Dec precipitation days = 10.1|year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 58.4|Feb sun = 52.2|Mar sun = 55.0|Apr sun = 78.7|May sun = 113.1|Jun sun = 113.3|Jul sun = 180.6|Aug sun = 197.2|Sep sun = 180.3|Oct sun = 157.1|Nov sun = 122.9|Dec sun = 102.1|year sun = | Jan percentsun = 18| Feb percentsun = 16| Mar percentsun = 15| Apr percentsun = 21| May percentsun = 27| Jun percentsun = 28| Jul percentsun = 43| Aug percentsun = 49| Sep percentsun = 49| Oct percentsun = 44| Nov percentsun = 38| Dec percentsun = 31| year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 1.1|Feb snow days = 0.4|Mar snow days = 0|Apr snow days = 0|May snow days = 0|Jun snow days = 0|Jul snow days = 0|Aug snow days = 0|Sep snow days = 0|Oct snow days = 0|Nov snow days = 0|Dec snow days = 0.5|year snow days = China Meteorological AdministrationHTTP://DATA.CMA.CN/DATA/WEATHERBK.HTML PUBLISHER=CHINA METEOROLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION ACCESS-DATE=28 MAY 2023, WEB,weblink zh:中国气象数据网, China Meteorological Administration, zh-hans, 28 May 2023, WEB,weblink zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年), China Meteorological Administration, 2010-05-25, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130921055035weblink">weblink 2013-09-21, }}

Demographics

According to the 2020 Chinese census its population was 4,931,137 inhabitants and 2,148,641 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban Districts plus Lingchuan County now being conurbated.According to the 2010 Chinese census, the largest ethnic group in the prefecture-level city was Han Chinese, accounting for 84.53% of the total population. This was followed by Yao at 7.79% and Zhuang at 4.81%.广西壮族自治区统计局、广西壮族自治区人口普查办公室. 《广西壮族自治区2010年人口普查资料》. 中国统计出版社. 2012年7月. ISBN 978-7-5037-6549-0. Citizens of Guilin's urban area speak a dialect of Mandarin, while Pinghua is predominantly spoken in suburbs and surrounding areas.WEB, 桂林市志 方言志,weblink 广西壮族自治区地方志编纂委员会办公室,

Economy

(File:桂林一院两馆北阙.jpg|thumb|Guilin Museum and Library) Until 1949 only a thermal power plant, a cement works, and some small textile mills existed as signs of industrialization in Guilin. However, since the 1950s Guilin has added electronics, engineering, and agricultural equipment, medicine, rubber, buses, textile, and cotton yarn factories. Food processing, including the processing of local agricultural produce, remains the most important industry. More recent and modern industry features high technology, and the tertiary industry is characterized by tourism trading and service.WEB,weblink Guilin Economy; china Window, 11 July 2013, Citizens of ASEAN states do not need a visa to visit Guilin if part of a tour lasting a maximum of 144 hours (not including the day of arrival).NEWS,weblink 5 visa-free ways to travel to China by land, sea and air for 72 hours and up to 30 days, Ralph Jennings, South China Morning Post, 21 November 2023, 16 January 2024,

Transportation

Airport

File:GuilinAirport.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.2|Guilin Liangjiang International AirportGuilin Liangjiang International AirportThe airport is Guilin Liangjiang International Airport (ICAO:ZGKL, IATA:KWL). Airlines that fly to the airport are:

Rail

File:Guilin North Railway Station (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.41|Guilin North railway stationGuilin North railway stationGuilin has several high-speed rail stations, {{rws|Guilin North}}, {{rws|Guilin West}}, Guilin, and a new station in the Lingui District. Guilin station and Guilin North station are on the Hunan–Guangxi railway, Hengyang–Liuzhou intercity railway and Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway, the main railways connecting Guangxi with central and southern China. Arriving at North Station, high-speed trains between Guilin and Changsha and Beijing came into operation in December 2013. In December 2014, high-speed operations began connecting Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Guiyang, and Shanghai. This made it more convenient for people to come to Guilin. It takes only about 2 or 3 hours from Guangzhou to Guilin, 9 hours from Shanghai to Guilin, and 13 hours from Beijing to Guilin."High-speed Trains Available in Guilin" ChinaTour.Net Accessed 2014-12-29 Trains traveling between Kunming South and West Kowloon stations (for example) stop at Guilin West railway station."G314 timetable" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005725weblink |date=13 February 2019 }} Accessed 2019-02-12

Urban

The city's public transportation includes bus routes and taxis. Guilin is the leading city in Mainland China operating double-decker buses regularly on major routes; in its main street, the double-deckers run one by one almost every minute. Sightseeing boats also run on the city's canals and lakes.A Guilin Metro is planned for 7 lines by 2040 with 117 stations and a total length of 273.2 kilometres. Line 1 is planned to have been opened by 2025, and it will be 29.23 km with 13 stations.

Public colleges and universities

File:黄现璠长年教书地-广西师范大学.jpg|thumb|The Ming dynasty Jingjiang Princes' Palace is now a campus of Guangxi Normal UniversityGuangxi Normal University Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Scenic spots

1 li jiang guilin yangshuo 2011.jpg|The Li River connects Guilin and Yangshuo County87340-Li-River (29881879337).jpg|Ship tour on Li River1 ping an longji terrace 2011.jpg|Longsheng Rice Terrace (Ping An)1 pano cuiping yangshuo 2016.jpg|Cuiping Village1 pano xinping yangshupo.jpg|Xingping Village1 aerial yangshuo panorama 2017.jpg|Rafts sailing down the Yulong River in Yangshuo, a county of GuilinSun and Moon Pagodas Guilin November 2017 HDR panorama.jpg|Sun and Moon Pagodas in Shan LakeReed flute cave.jpg|Reed flute caveGuilin scenic.jpg|Scenic view of the town from Seven-star ParkLongji rice terraces - 2023 10 11 Kaur Virunurm.jpg|Longji rice terraces{{right|{{Commons category|Guilin}}}}Scenic spots around Guilin include:

Cuisine

(File:Doufuru.JPG|thumb|Guilin pickled tofu)Guilin cuisine is a mixture of Cantonese cuisine and Zhuang cuisine. It is known for its snacks and the use of spices, especially chili. Guilin chili sauce (), used widely in cooking by locals, is made of fresh chili, garlic, and fermented soybeans, and is considered one of the city's Three Treasures (). The other two of the Three Treasures are Guilin Sanhua Jiu (), a variety of rice baijiu, or liquor distilled from rice; and Guilin pickled tofu.(File:Guilin mifan.jpg|thumb|right|Guilin rice noodles)Guilin rice noodles have been the local breakfast staple since the Qin dynasty and are renowned for their delicate taste. Legend has it that when Qin troops suffering from diarrhea entered this region, a cook created the Guilin rice noodles for the army because they had trouble eating the local food. Specifically, the local specialty is noodles with horse meat, but this dish can also be ordered without the horse meat. Zongzi, a dumpling made from glutinous rice and mung bean paste wrapped in a bamboo or banana leaf is another popular delicacy in Guilin.

Quotes

"I often sent pictures of the hills of Guilin which I painted to friends back home, but few believed what they saw."
- Fan Chengda (Chinese Song dynasty scholar)WEB,weblink Guilin Tours, Guilin Tour Packages, China Travel Agency, 19 April 2016, 29 July 2019,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20190729015350weblink">weblink dead,
"Guilin's scenery is best among all under heaven." ({{zh|s=桂林山水甲天下|hp=Guìlín shānshuǐ jiǎ tiānxià|links=no}})
- popular Chinese sayingWEB,weblink Learn Chinese, Study Chinese, Language, Study in China, Travel in China, Guilin, 19 April 2016, 29 December 2015,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20151229232340weblink">weblink dead,

International relations

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in China}}

Twin towns—Sister cities

Guilin is twinned with:
  • {{flagdeco|JPN}} – Nishikatsura, Yamanashi, JapanWEB,weblink Archived copy, 1 November 2014,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20150924081143weblink">weblink 24 September 2015, dead, dmy-all, – Lingchuan County
  • {{flagdeco|JPN}} – Kumamoto City, JapanWEB,weblink Kumamoto International Foundation, 19 April 2016, 13 April 2016,weblink dead, – Guilin
  • {{flagdeco|JPN}} – Toride City, Japan – Guilin
  • {{flagdeco|JPN}} – Miho, Ibaraki, Japan – Lingui
  • {{flagdeco|ROK}} – Jeju, South Korea
  • {{flagdeco|NZL}} – Hastings, New Zealand
  • {{flagdeco|POL}} – ToruÅ„, PolandWEB,weblink Miasta bliźniacze Torunia, 2013-08-22, UrzÄ…d Miasta Torunia [City of ToruÅ„ Council], pl, ToruÅ„'s twin towns,
  • {{flagdeco|US}} – Orlando, United StatesWEB,weblink City of Orlando International Affairs, 18 March 2013,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130412060509weblink">weblink 12 April 2013, dead, dmy-all,
  • {{flagdeco|MEX}} – Tlaxcoapan, Hidalgo, MexicoWEB,weblink Tlaxcoapan se hermana con Guilin, China, 19 April 2016,
  • {{flagdeco|MYS}} – Langkawi, Malaysia
The Guilin relationship with the New Zealand city Hastings started in 1977, after a research scientist, Stuart Falconer, identified several common areas of interest between the two cities, including horticulture and their rural-urban mix.WEB,weblink Hastings-Guilin Sister City relationship, 19 April 2016,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20100323033839weblink">weblink 23 March 2010, dead, In 1997 Guilin commenced an exchange relationship with Ōta, Gunma, Japan.WEB,weblink ja:中華人民共和国広西壮族自治区桂林市, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, ja, 20 June 2016,

Notable people

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

External links

{{Commons|2=Guilin}}{{Wikivoyage}}
  • weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130115104930weblink">Guilin Government Official website {{in lang|zh}}
{{Guangxi topics}}{{Guangxi}}{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}{{Major cities along the Pearl River}}{{Authority control}}

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