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Geography of Greece#Mainland
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Geography of Greece#Mainland
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{{Short description|none}}{{morefootnotes|date=February 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}{{Country geography |name= Greece|map = Greece MODIS Terra Satellite Image 19 Aug 2004.jpg |continent =Europe|region = South Europe- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
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39 | N | 00 | type:country}} |area ranking = 95th |km area = 131,957|percent land = 99.13|km coastline = 13,676 | 689.76 | mi|abbr=on}} | Mount Olympus (Mountain)>Mount Olympus {{convert | m|feet}} | Epitalio{{convert>-6 | ft}}HTTPS://EN-CA.TOPOGRAPHIC-MAP.COM/MAP-MGR51/GREECE/?CENTER=37.61016%2C21.5211&ZOOM=16&BASE=5&POPUP=37.6065%2C21.51389 > TITLE=GREECE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, 16 February 2023, | Haliacmon {{convert>297 | mi}} | Lake Trichonida {{convert>98.6 | 2|abbr=on}} |terrain = 80% mountainous, plains (east and north-east)|natural resources = petroleum, magnetite, lignite, bauxite, hydropower, marble, limestone, fish|natural hazards = earthquakes, floods, droughts and wildfires|environmental issues = air pollution, water pollution | 505,572 | mi2|abbr=on}}}}Greece is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.WEB, United Nations, UN,weblink UNITED NATIONS GROUP OF EXPERTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES: Working Paper No. 48, 2006, 2 September 2015, It is bordered to the north by Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy.The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it:the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Lesvos, Rhodes, Chios, Kefalonia, and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has {{convert|13,676|km|mi}} of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.Greece's latitude ranges from 35°N to 42°N and its longitude from 19°E to 28°E. As a result of this and its physical geography, the country has considerable climatic variation.Physical geography(File:Greece topo.jpg|thumb|300px|Topographic map of Greece)Greece is located in South Eastern Europe, bordering the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 3,000 islands.It has a total area of {{convert|131,957|km2|abbr=on}}, of which land area is 130,647 km2 and internal waters (lakes and rivers) account for 1,310 km2. Land boundaries with Albania (212 km), North Macedonia (234 km), Bulgaria (472 km) and Turkey (192 km) measure approximately 1,110 km in total. Of the country's total territory, 83.33% or {{convert|110,496|km2|abbr=on}} is mainland territory and the rest 16.67% or {{convert|21,461|km2|abbr=on}} is island territory.Artificial Structures and Shorelines It has an exclusive economic zone of {{convert|505,572|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} which is the 53rd largest.WEB,weblink Sea Around Us â Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, 1 April 2017,Elevation extremes
Extremities of GreeceThe extreme points of Greece are WEB,weblink Statistical Yearbook of Greece 2009 & 2010, 27, Hellenic Statistical Authority, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20131213192314weblink">weblink 2013-12-13,
Natural resourcesGreece has notable deposits of petroleum, magnetite, lignite, bauxite, hydropower, marble, limestoneWEB, Greeka, Geography of Greece, May 11, 2014,weblinkweblink April 5, 2024, April 27, 2024, Ancient Greeks used limestone as a durable building material in many buildings such as the Parthenon.WEB, Limestone Through The Years, Impression,weblink June 27, 2022, 27 April 2024,weblink 3 June 2023, Greece has substantial marine life with plentiful fish in its EEZ.Land use
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Mainland
Mainland Greece forms the southernmost part of the Balkan peninsula with two additional smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese. The north of the country includes the regions of Macedonia and Thrace. To the south the mainland narrows and includes the regions of Epirus, Thessaly and Central Greece, where the region of Attica and the capital city Athens are located. Further south, the smaller peninsula of Peloponnese is separated from the rest of the Greek mainland by the Corinthian and Saronic Gulfs, but joined by the Isthmus of Corinth.Mainland Greece covers about 80% of the total territory and is largely mountainous. The largest mountain range of Greece is the Pindus range, the southern extension of the Dinaric Alps, which forms the spine of the Greek mainland, separating Epirus from Thessaly and Macedonia. The country's tallest mountain is Mount Olympus, which also separates Thessaly from Macedonia. Its highest peak rises to 2,918 m above sea level, making it the second highest of the Balkan peninsula after Musala in the Rila Mountain.The number of islands vary between 1,200 and 6,000.BOOK, Marker, Sherry, Kerasiotis, Peter, Greece in depth, 12, Frommer's Greece,weblink limited, Hoboken, Wiley, Mark, Nadeau, 2010, A figure frequently cited in travel guides is 1,425 islands, of which 166 are said to be inhabited.BOOK, Frewin, Poffley, Greek Island Hopping, 15, Thomas Cook, 2002, The Greek Tourism Organization reports a figure of 6,000, with 227 of them inhabited.WEB, Greek islands, Ellinikos Organismos Tourismou (EOT),weblink 29 April 2012, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20120603171916weblink">weblink 3 June 2012, Paris Match, however, raises this number to 9,841 islands, of which only 169 have a recorded continuous human presence.WEB, Top 5: Les plus belles îles grecques, Paris Match,weblink 28 July 2016, 28 April 2024,weblink 21 Oct 2023, The Greek islands account for about 20% of the country's total territory,BOOK, The Law of the Sea, 9041103260,weblink Treves, Tullio, Pineschi, Laura, January 1997, and vary greatly in size as well as in climate. The country's largest island is Crete, with Euboea being second largest. Other large Greek islands include Rhodes and Lesbos in the Aegean Sea, and Corfu and Cephalonia in the Ionian Sea. Many of the smaller Greek islands form groups or chains, often called archipelagos, with notable examples being the Cyclades and the Sporades in the south and central Aegean Sea respectively.Aegean
The islands of the Aegean Sea are situated between mainland Greece to the west and north, Anatolia to the east and the island of Crete to the south. Traditionally, the islands are classified into seven groups, from north to south:- North Aegean Islands
- Sporades
- Euboea
- Saronic Islands
- Cyclades
- Dodecanese (Southern Sporades)
- Crete
Ionian Islands
The Ionian Islands are a group of seven islands. The six northern islands lie off the western coast of Greece, in the Ionian Sea. The other island, Kythira, lies off the southern tip of the Peloponnese. Kythira is part of the modern administrative region of Attica, not the Ionian Islands (Ionioi Nisoi). The Ionian Islands are distinct from the historical region of Ionia, which is today part of western Turkey.Crete
Crete is the largest island of Greece and the second largest in the Eastern Mediterranean, after Cyprus. The island spans 260 km from east to west and 60 km from north to south at its widest. The island narrows in the region close to Ierapetra, where it is only 12 km wide. Crete covers an area of {{convert|8,336|km2|abbr=on}}, with a coastline of 1046 km. It is surrounded to the north by the Sea of Crete; to the south by the Libyan Sea; to the west by the Myrtoan Sea; and to the east by the Karpathion Sea. It lies about 160 km south of the Greek mainland.Crete is characterized by a mountain range crossing from west to east, formed by three different subranges:- The White Mountains or Lefka Ori (2,452 m);
- The Idi Range (Psiloritis ({{Coord|35.18|N|24.82|E|}}) 2,456 m);
- The Dikti Mountains (2,148 m)
Environment
(File:Map of earthquakes in Greece 1900-2017.svg|thumb|right|Map of earthquakes in Greece and adjacent countries 1900â2017)Greece is a mostly mountainous country with a very long coastline, filled with peninsulas and islands.The climate can range from semi-desert to cold climate mountain forests.Greece's natural hazards include severe earthquakes, floods, droughts and wildfires. Current environmental issues in Greece include air pollution and water pollution.Climate
File:Greece map of Köppen climate classification (new).svg|thumb|Climate regions of Greece according to Köppen climate classificationKöppen climate classificationThe climate of Greece is mild. A Mediterranean climate prevails on the coast and islands, and a Continental climate prevails in the mountainous regions of the interior. Summers are hot and dry and winters are cool and humid. Summer is rainless and the almost cloudless season lasts about three months. In July and August, the temperature usually rises to around 30â35 °C and even above 40 °C. In the eastern part of the country and especially in the archipelago, a cooling Etesian wind blows in the summer, but in big cities like Athens it can get sweltering hot. The wind can be very strong at times, which makes sailing difficult.A special feature of Greek weather is the high amount of sunshine. It is available for five hours even in winter, and up to 12â14 hours a day in summer. The rains mostly occur in winter. Snow can be found everywhere in Greece, but it is rare in the archipelago. In low-lying areas, snow hardly ever stays on the ground. On the tops of the highest mountains, snow remains well into the summer. Spring and autumn are short in-between seasons when the weather is variable.WEB, Country Guide Greece, BBC Weather,weblinkweblink 9 February 2011, WEB, Greece, Weather Online,weblink 9 April 2024,weblink 9 April 2024, Extensive forest fires cause problems almost every year in late summer. Sometimes they lead to widespread evacuations and even deaths.{| class="wikitable"|+ Monthly average daily maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation in different parts of GreeceGallery
File:Mytikas.jpg|Mount OlympusFile:010607-0930-17 - Nea Kameni - Krater.jpg|Volcanic crater, SantoriniFile:Acheloos river narrows 02.jpg|Achelous RiverFile:Taygetos Ilias 1.jpg|Taygetus (Mountain Range)File:Mountains to the North.jpg|Pindus National ParkFile:Zagori Vikos gorge Oxia towards Vikos.jpg|VikosâAoös National ParkFile:Samaria Gorge 09.jpg|Samariá GorgeFile:Kremasta Lake 03.JPG|Kremasta (lake)File:Pilion with monastery pau.JPG|Mount PelionFile:Kanal von Potidea.jpg|Potidea Kanal, ChalkidikiFile:Manganari2.jpg|Manganari beach, Ios (island)File:Stymfalia-north 2006.jpg|Landscape of Stymfalia with Mount KylliniFile:Vai R05.jpg|Palm beach of Vai (Crete)File:Navagio 01.jpg|Navagio, ZakynthosFile:Parnassos1.jpg|Mount ParnassusSee also
- Geography of Europe
- Greek names of mountains
- List of earthquakes in Greece
- List of islands of Greece
- National parks of Greece
- Wildlife of Greece
References
{{reflist}}Further reading
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