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{{short description|none}}The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.">

General information{| class"wikitable sortable"

! ! Maintainer! First public release date! Latest stable version! Latest release date! License! Public issues list! 4D (4th Dimension)| 4D S.A.S.| 1984| v16.0

	DATE = 10 JANUARY 2020, | {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! ADABAS| Software AG| 1970| 8.1|2013-06| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Adaptive Server Enterprise| SAP AG| 1987| 16.0 SP03 PL07|2019-06-10| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Advantage Database Server (ADS)| SAP AG| 1992| 12.0| 2015| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Altibase| Altibase Corp.| 2000| 7.1.0.1.2| 2018-03-02| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Apache Derby

Apache Software Foundation>Apache| 2004| 10.17.1.0WEB , Apache Derby: Downloads ,weblink , 2024-03-18 , | 2023-11-14	Apache License}}| {{Yes}}Derby - ASF JIRA

! ClustrixDB

MariaDB>MariaDB Corporation| 2010| v7.0| 2015-08-19| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! CockroachDB| Cockroach Labs| 2015| v20.2.8| 2021-04-23

BSL,CCL,MIT,BSD}}| {{Yes}}cockroachdb Issue tracker

! CUBRID| CUBRID| 2008-11| 11.2.3| 2023-01-31

Apache License 2.0, BSD license for APIs and GUI tools}}| {{Yes}}CUBRID / Jira Issue tracker for CUBRID

! Datacom| CA, Inc.| Early 70sJOURNAL ! IBM Db2| IBM| 1983

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q431195	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q431195	P577}}}}| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Empress Embedded Database| Empress Software Inc| 1979| 10.20| 2010-03| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Exasol

EXASOL>EXASOL AG| 2004| 7.1.1	2021-09-15}}| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! FileMaker| FileMaker, Inc., an Apple subsidiary| 1985-04| 19| 2020-05-20| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Firebird| Firebird project| 2000-07-25

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q261744	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q261744	P577}}}}	IPL{{Citation | url =weblink | title = IPL | publisher = Firebird SQL }} and IDPL{{Citation | url =weblink | title = IDPL | publisher = Firebird SQL }}}}| {{Yes}}Firebird RDBMS Issue Tracker

! GPUdb| GIS Federal| 2014| 3.2.5| 2015-01-14| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! HSQLDB| HSQL Development Group| 2001| 2.6.1| 2021-10-21

BSD}}| {{Yes}}HyperSQL Database Engine (HSQLDB) / Bugs

! H2| H2 Software| 2005| 2.1.214| 2022-06-13

Eclipse Public License	and modified Mozilla Public License>MPL}}| {{Yes}}h2database issues

! Informix Dynamic Server

IBM / HCLTech>HCL Technologies| 1981????1980| 14.10.xC9| 2022-10-03| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Ingres| Actian| 1974| 11.2WEB

[hide]GNU General Public License	Proprietary software>Proprietary{edih}| {{No}}

! InterBase

InterBase>Embarcadero| 1984| XE7 v12.0.4.357| 2015-08-12| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Linter SQL RDBMS| RELEX Group| 1990| 6.0.17.53| 2018-02-15| {{Proprietary}}| {{Yes}}Linter Techsupport! LucidDB| The Eigenbase Project| 2007-01| 0.9.4| 2012-01-05

GPL v2}}| {{No}}

! MariaDB

MariaDB>MariaDB Community| 2010-02-01

property

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v2, GNU Lesser General Public License>LGPL (for client-libraries)WEB ,weblink , MariaDB licenses , }}| {{Yes}}MariaDB - JIRA

! MaxDB| SAP AG| 2003-05| 7.9.0.8| 2014| {{Proprietary}}| {{Yes}}MaxDB - Problem Tracking!SingleStore (formerly MemSQL)|SingleStore| 2012-06| 7.1.11| 2020-10-12| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Microsoft Access (JET)| Microsoft| 1992| 16 (2016)| 2015-09-22| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Microsoft Visual Foxpro| Microsoft| 1984| 9 (2005)| 2007-10-11| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Microsoft SQL Server| Microsoft| 1989

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q215819	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q215819	P577}}}}| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| Microsoft| 2000| 2011 (v4.0)|| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Mimer SQL| Mimer Information Technology| 1978| 11.0.8B| 2023-12-27| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! MonetDB

		Mozilla Public License, version 2.0{{Citation | url =weblink | publisher = MonetDB B.V. | title = MonetDB License MPL2.0 | date = 8 February 2022 }}}}| {{Yes}}MonetDB Issues

! mSQL| Hughes Technologies| 1994| 4.1{{Citation }}| 2017-06-30| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! MySQL| Oracle Corporation| 1995-11

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q850	P348	{{wikidata	raw	P548=Q2804309	P577}}}}	GNU General Public License	v2 or Proprietary software>Proprietary}}| {{Yes}}MySQL Bugs

! NexusDB| NexusDB Pty Ltd| 2003| 4.00.14| 2015-06-25| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! HPE NonStop SQL| Hewlett Packard Enterprise| 1987| SQL/MX 3.4|| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! NuoDB| NuoDB| 2013| 4.1| 2020-08| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Omnis Studio| TigerLogic Inc| 1982-07| 6.1.3 Release 1no| 2015-12| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! OpenEdge| Progress Software Corporation| 1984| 12.8| 2024-1| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! OpenLink Virtuoso| OpenLink Software| 1998| 7.2.5.1| 2018-08-15

GNU General Public License	v2 or Proprietary software>Proprietary}}| {{Yes}}Issues · openlink/virtuoso-opensource · GitHub

! Oracle DB| Oracle Corporation| 1979-11

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q185524	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q185524	P577}}}}| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Oracle Rdb| Oracle Corporation| 1984| {{Oracle Rdb version}}

releasedate}}| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Paradox| Corel Corporation| 1985| 11| 2009-09-07| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Percona Server for MySQL| Percona| 2006| {{Percona Server for MySQL version}}

releasedate}}	GPL v2}}| {{Yes}}

! Actian Zen (PSQL)| Actian| 1982| v15| 2021| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! Polyhedra DBMS| ENEA AB| 1993| 9.0| 2015-06-24| {{Proprietary}}, with Polyhedra Lite available as Freeware{{Citation ! PostgreSQL| PostgreSQL Global Development Group| 1989-06| 16.1| 2023-11-09WEB

Postgres License}}Postgres License| {{No}}A bug tracker for PostgreSQL?

! R:Base]]| R:BASE Technologies| 1982| 10.0| 2016-05-26| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! SAP HANA| SAP AG| 2010| 2.0 SPS04| 2019-08-08| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! solidDB| UNICOM Global| 1992| 7.0.0.10| 2014-04-29| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! SQL Anywhere| SAP AG| 1992| 17.0.0.48| 2019-07-26| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! SQLBase| Unify Corp.| 1982| 11.5| 2008-11| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! SQLite| D. Richard Hipp| 2000-09-12

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q319417	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q319417	P577}}}}	Public domain}}| {{Yes}}SQLite: Ticket Main Menu

! SQream DB| SQream Technologies| 2014| 2.1{{Citation ! Superbase

Superbase database>Superbase| 1984| Classic| 2003| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}

! Superbase NG

Superbase database>Superbase NG| 2002| Superbase NG 2.10| 2017| {{Proprietary}}

! Teradata| Teradata| 1984| 15| 2014-04| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! TiDB| PingCAP Inc.| 2016

property	edit	P348}}	qualifier	Q56375088	P577}}; {{Time ago	qualifier	Q56375088	P577}}}}	Apache License}}		WEBSITE = GITHUB,

! UniData| Rocket Software| 1988| 8.2.1| 2017-07| {{Proprietary}}| {{No}}! YugabyteDB| Yugabyte, Inc.| 2018| {{YugabyteDB version}}

releasedate}}	Apache License}}		WEBSITE=GITHUB,

! ! Maintainer! First public release date! Latest stable version! Latest release date! License! Public issues list

Operating system support

The operating systems that the RDBMSes can run on.{| class="wikitable sortable"! ! Windows! macOS! Linux! BSD! UNIX! AmigaOS! z/OS! OpenVMS! iOS! Android! 4th Dimension| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! ADABAS| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Altibase| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Apache Derby| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! ClustrixDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! CockroachDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! CUBRID| {{yes}}| {{partial}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}! Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}! EXASolution| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! FileMaker| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}}! Firebird| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}

Maybe}}| {{no}}

! HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! H2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}! Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Ingres| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{partial}}! InterBase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}

Solaris (operating system)>Solaris)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

! Linter SQL RDBMS| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| Under Linux on IBM Z| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! LucidDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! MariaDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}WEB ! MaxDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}

Maybe}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}

! Microsoft Access (JET)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}| {{no}}

	DATE = 7 MARCH 2016, | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}

! Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Mimer SQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! MonetDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! MySQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}weblink Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet! Omnis Studio| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! OpenEdge| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Oracle Rdb| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (OEM only)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! Polyhedra| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

MorphOS)HTTP://AMINET.NET/PACKAGE/DEV/GG/POSTGRESQL632-MOS-BIN, Aminet - dev/Gg/Postgresql632-mos-bin.lha,	Linux on IBM ZHTTP://WWW.OSS4ZOS.ORG/MEDIAWIKI/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=POSTGRESQL#Z.2FOS	ACCESS-DATE=2013-08-15	ARCHIVE-DATE=2015-05-27, dead, | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}

! R:Base]]| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! SAP HANA| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! solidDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| Under Linux on IBM Z| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}! SQLBase| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! SQLite| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Maybe}}| {{no}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}

! SQream DB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Superbase| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Superbase NG| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! Teradata| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! TiDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{partial}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! UniData| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! YugabyteDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! ! Windows! macOS! Linux! BSD! UNIX! AmigaOS! z/OS! OpenVMS! iOS! Android

Fundamental features

Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.{| class="wikitable sortable"! Database Name! ACID! Referential integrity! Transactions! Fine-grained locking! Multiversion concurrency control! Unicode! Interface! Type inference! 4th Dimension| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! ADABAS| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party)| {{Yes}}! Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{Yes}}| {{yes}}|API & GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}! Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{dunno}}

#feat 4>4| API & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Altibase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| API & GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}! Apache Derby| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) Derby Developer's Guide (10.14)>Lock granularity| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! ClustrixDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! CockroachDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{No}}! CUBRID| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de DB2>Performance tuning>Factors affecting performance>Application design>Concurrency issues>Isolation levels| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>API & SQL| {{Yes}}

! EXASolution| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>API & GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Firebird| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| API & SQL| {{Yes}}! HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! H2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}

SQL| {{Yes}}

! Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| SQL, REST, MQ, and JSON| {{Yes}}! Ingres| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

SQL & QUEL query languages>QUEL| {{Yes}}

! InterBase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! Linter SQL RDBMS| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Data Definition Language>DDL)| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| API & GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! LucidDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! MariaDB

#feat 2>2| {{yes}}	#feat 2>2 except for DDLTransactional DDL in PostgreSQL: A Competitive AnalysisTransactional DDL in MariaDB| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}

! MaxDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! Microsoft Access (JET)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Microsoft Visual FoxPro| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking SMB2)| {{Yes}}| {{No}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)SQL Server Transaction Locking and Row Versioning Guide| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Mimer SQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Optimistic locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| API & GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}! MonetDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| API & SQL & MAL| {{Yes}}! MySQL

#feat 2>2	#feat 3>3	#feat 2>2 except for DDL| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 8.10.1 Internal Locking Methods| {{yes}}| {{yes}}	graphical user interface>GUI 5 & SQL| {{Yes}}

! OpenEdge| {{yes}}

#feat 6>6| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}	graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Data Definition Language>DDL| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)Oracle Row Lock and Row Level Locking| {{yes}}| {{yes}}	API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Oracle Rdb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Polyhedra DBMS| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

API & SQL| {{Yes}}

! PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)PostgreSQL: Documentation: Explicit Locking : Row-Level Locks| {{yes}} | {{yes}}

API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{No}}BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message

! SAP HANA| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! solidDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| API & SQL| {{Yes}}! SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

weblink > SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - Types of Lock| {{yes}} SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - Snapshot Isolation| {{yes}}	API & graphical user interface>GUI & HTTP	(REST & SOAPweblink > SAP SQL Anywhere Reference - HTTP Web Services & SQL| {{Yes}}

! SQLBase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

API & graphical user interface>GUI & SQL| {{Yes}}

! SQLite| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}} (Database-level locking)File Locking And Concurrency In SQLite Version 3| {{no}}

SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems (like Android (operating system)>Android, Debian...)| API & SQL| {{Yes}}

! Superbase NG| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}} (Record-level locking)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

GUI & Proprietary software>Proprietary & ODBC| {{Yes}}

! Teradata| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Hash and Partition)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| SQL| {{Yes}}! TiDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Data Definition Language>DDL| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)TiDB Features| {{yes}}| {{yes}}	graphical user interface>GUI 5 & SQL| {{Yes}}

! UniData| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| Multiple| {{Yes}}! UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| Multiple| {{Yes}} class="sortbottom"! Database Name!ACID!Referential integrity!Transactions!Fine-grained locking!Multiversion concurrency control!Unicode!Interface!Type inference

• (Comparison of relational database management systemsfeat 1|Note (1):) Currently only supports read uncommitted transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant.
• (feat 2 back|Note (2):) MariaDB and MySQL provide ACID compliance through the default InnoDB storage engine.WEB

• (feat 3 back|Note (3):) "For other than InnoDB storage engines, MySQL Server parses and ignores the {{mono|FOREIGN KEY}} and {{mono|REFERENCES}} syntax in {{mono|CREATE TABLE}} statements. The {{mono|CHECK}} clause is parsed but ignored by all storage engines."WEB

• (Comparison of relational database management systemsfeat 4|Note (4):) Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0.
• (Comparison of relational database management systemsfeat 5|Note (5):) MySQL provides GUI interface through MySQL Workbench.
• (feat 6 back|Note (6):) OpenEdge SQL database engine uses Referential Integrity, OpenEdge ABL Database engine does not and is handled via database triggers.

Limits

Information about data size limits.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:12em" |! Max DB size! Max table size! Max row size! Max columns per row! Max Blob/Clob size! Max CHAR size! Max NUMBER size! Min DATE value! Max DATE value! Max column name size! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| Limited| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| 65,135

gibibyte>GiB Unicode)	gibibyte>GiB Unicode)| 64 bits| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| Unlimited

exbibyte>EiB	65530	fmt=commas}}| 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength)	gibibyte>GiB| {{dunno}}| 64 bits| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| 128

! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| 1,012 (5,000 in views)| 2,147,483,647 chars

VARCHAR}}: 32,672)| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128

! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| Unlimited| Unlimited| 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS| {{dunno}}| 64 MB| 64 MB| 64 MB| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 254! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| 2 EB| 2 EB| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| 1 GB| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 254! style="text-align:left" | IBM DB2| Unlimited

2|u=ZB}}	1048319	fmt=commas}}| 1,012	2|u=GB}}	32|u=KiB}}| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128

! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| Unlimited| 263−1 bytes| 2 GB| 32,767| 2 GB| 2 GB| 64 bits| 0000-01-01| 9999-12-31| 32! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| 10,000| {{N/A}}| 2 MB| 128 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 256! style="text-align:left" | FileMaker| 8 TB| 8 TB| 8 TB| 256,000,000| 4 GB| 10,000,000

-400}} to {{10^|400}}, +-| 0001-01-01| 4000-12-31| 100

! style="text-align:left" | Firebird

#limit 1>1| ~32 TB| 65,536 B| Depends on data types used| 32 GB| 32,767 B| 64 bits| 100| 32768| 31

! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| 64 TB

#limit 8>8	#limit 8>8	#limit 8>8	#limit 7>7	#limit 8>8	#limit 8>8| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128

! style="text-align:left" | H2| 64 TB

#limit 8>8	#limit 8>8	#limit 8>8	#limit 7>7	#limit 8>8| 64 bits| -99999999| 99999999	#limit 8>8

! style="width:16em" |! Max DB size! Max table size! Max row size! Max columns per row! Max Blob/Clob size! Max CHAR size! Max NUMBER size! Min DATE value! Max DATE value! Max column name size! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server

#limit 12>12	#limit 12>12| 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects)| 32,765| 4 TB| 32,765	#limit 13>13	#limit 10>10| 12/31/9999| 128 bytes

! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| Unlimited| Unlimited| 256 KB| 1,024| 2 GB| 32 000 B| 64 bits| 0001| 9999| 256! style="text-align:left" | InterBase

#limit 1>1| ~32 TB| 65,536 B| Depends on data types used| 2 GB| 32,767 B| 64 bits| 100| 32768| 31

! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| Unlimited| 230 rows| 64 KB (w/o BLOBs),2GB (each BLOB value)| 250| 2 GB| 4000 B| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 66! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB| Unlimited| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB;Innodb storage limits: 64 TB;Aria storage limits: ???

#limit 3>3	#limit 4>4| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)| 64 KB (text)| 64 bits| 1000| 9999| 64WEB ,weblink , Identifier Names , MariaDB KnowledgeBase , 26 September 2014 ,

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| 2 GB| 2 GB| 16 MB| 255| 64 KB (memo field),1 GB ("OLE Object" field)| 255 B (text field)| 32 bits| 0100| 9999| 64! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| Unlimited| 2 GB| 65,500 B| 255| 2 GB| 16 MB| 32 bits| 0001| 9999| 10! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size)16ZB per instance| 524,272 TB

#limit 6>6| 1,024 / 30,000(with sparse columns)| 2 GB / Unlimited (using RBS/FILESTREAM object)	#limit 6>6	#limit 2>2| 0001| 9999| 128

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| 4 GB| 4 GB| 8,060 bytes| 1024| 2 GB| 4000| 154 bits| 0001| 9999| 128! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| Unlimited| Unlimited| 16000 (+lob data)| 252| Unlimited| 15000| 45 digits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| 2 GB| 2 GB| 128 bits| -4712-01-01| 9999-12-31| 1024! style="text-align:left" | MySQL| Unlimited| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB

#limit 3>3	#limit 4>4| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)| 64 KB (text)| 64 bits| 1000| 9999| 64

! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| 32 TB per instance(Unlimited via elastic cluster)| DB size (or 32 TB)| 4 KB| 200| 2 GB| 2 GB| 231| 0| 9999| 100! style="text-align:left" | Oracle

2	8	8|u=EB}} (with max 32k block and BIGFILE option)| 4 GB × block size(with BIGFILE tablespace)| 8 KB| 1,000| 128 TB	#limit 11>11| 126 bits| −4712| 9999| 128

! style="width:16em" |! Max DB size! Max table size! Max row size! Max columns per row! Max Blob/Clob size! Max CHAR size! Max NUMBER size! Min DATE value! Max DATE value! Max column name size! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| 4 billion objects| 256 GB| 2 GB| 1,536| 2 GB| 8,000 bytes| 64 bits| 01-01-0001| 12-31-9999| 128 bytes! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra| Limited by available RAM, address space| 232 rows| Unlimited| 65,536| 4 GB (subject to RAM)| 4 GB (subject to RAM)| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 8000-12-31| 255! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQLWEB WEB WEB ! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| 256 TB| 256 TB| 32 KB + BLOB data| Limited by row size| 4 GB| 4 GB| 64 bits| -32768-01-01| 32767-12-31| 254! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere]weblink | SAP SQL Anywhere - Physical limitations on size and number of databases| 104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32 KB pages))| Limited by file size| Limited by file size| 45,000| 2 GB| 2 GB| 64 bits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128 bytes! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| 128 TB (231 pages × 64 KB max page size)| Limited by file size| Limited by file size| 32,767| 2 GB| 2 GB| 64 bits

#limit 9>9	#limit 9>9| Unlimited

! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| Unlimited| Unlimited| 64000 wo/lobs(64 GB w/lobs)| 2,048| 2 GB| 64,000| 38 digits| 0001-01-01| 9999-12-31| 128! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited| Unlimited!! Max DB size! Max table size! Max row size! Max columns per row! Max Blob/Clob size! Max CHAR size! Max NUMBER size! Min DATE value! Max DATE value! Max column name size

• (limit 1 back|Note (1):) Firebird 2.x maximum database size is effectively unlimited with the largest known database size >980 GB.

{{Citation

• (limit 2 back|Note (2):) Limit is 1038 using DECIMAL datatype.{{Citation

• (limit 3 back|Note (3):) InnoDB is limited to 8,000 bytes (excluding VARBINARY, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns).{{Citation

• (limit 4 back|Note (4):) InnoDB is limited to 1,017 columns.
• (limit 6 back|Note (6):) Using VARCHAR (MAX) in SQL 2005 and later.{{Citation

• (limit 7 back|Note (7):) When using a page size of 32 KB, and when BLOB/CLOB data is stored in the database file.
• (limit 8 back|Note (8):) Java array size limit of 2,147,483,648 (231) objects per array applies. This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per CHAR/VARCHAR.
• (limit 9 back|Note (9):) Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions,{{Citation

• (limit 10 back|Note (10):) Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999.
• (limit 11 back|Note (11):) Since version 12c. Earlier versions support up to {{val|4000|u=B}}.
• (limit 12 back|Note (12):) The {{val|128|u=PB}} limit refers to the storage limit of a single Informix server instance. Informix v12.10 and later versions support using sharding techniques to distribute a table across multiple server instances. A distributed Informix database has no upper limit on table or database size.
• (limit 13 back|Note (13):) Informix DECIMAL type supports up to 32 decimal digits of precision with a range of {{10^|-130}} to {{10^|125}}. Fixed and variable precision are supported.

Tables and views

Information about what tables and views (other than basic ones) are supported natively.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:16em" |! Temporary table! Materialized view! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| {{Yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | ADABAS| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise

#tb 1>1| {{yes}} – see precomputed result sets

! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | Altibase| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{yes}} (only CTE)| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}

#tb 2>2

! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | InterBase| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | LucidDB| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB| {{yes}}

#tb 4>4

! style="text-align:left" | MaxDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | MySQL| {{yes}}

#tb 4>4

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{no}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{yes}}| {{no}} (only common views)! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Superbase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | UniData| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="width:16em" |! Temporary table! Materialized view(#tb 1 back|Note (1):) Server provides tempdb, which can be used for public and private (for the session) temp tables.{{Citation (#tb 2 back|Note (2):) Materialized views are not supported in Informix; the term is used in IBM's documentation to refer to a temporary table created to run the view's query when it is too complex, but one cannot for example define the way it is refreshed or build an index on it. The term is defined in the Informix Performance Guide.{{Citation (#tb 4 back|Note (4):) Materialized views can be emulated using stored procedures and triggers.{{Citation

Indexes

Information about what indexes (other than basic B-/B+ tree indexes) are supported natively.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:16em" |! R-/R+ tree! Hash! Expression! Partial! Reverse! Bitmap! GiST! GIN! Full-text! Spatial! FOT! Duplicate index prevention! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| {{dunno}}

Cluster| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | ADABAS| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}WEB ! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Ingres v10}}| {{no}}| {{no}}	Ingres v10}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | InterBase| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS10| {{no}}| {{yes}} temporary indexes for equality joins| {{yes}} for some scalar functions like LOWER and UPPER| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | LucidDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only{{Citation | publisher = mariadb.com | series = MariaDB | url =weblink | title = SPATIAL INDEX | access-date = 24 September 2017 }}	MEMORY,WEB,weblink Storage Engine Index Types, mariadb.com, 25 April 2016, InnoDB,5 tables only	PERSISTENT virtual columns only{{Citation | url =weblink | title = Virtual Columns - MariaDB Knowledge Base }}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}WEB ,weblink , Fulltext Index Overview , mariadb.com , 25 April 2016 ,	Aria and MyISAM tables and, since v10.2.2, InnoDB tables only| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | MaxDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#idx 2>2| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server

Spatial Indexes	#idx 4>4	#idx 3>3| {{yes}}	on Computed columns3	Bitmap filter index for Star Join Query| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = Microsoft | series = MSDN | chapter-url =weblink | title = Library | chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Full-Text Search }}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = Microsoft | series = Tech Net | chapter-url =weblink | title = Library | chapter = Spatial Indexing Overview }}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MySQL

Spatial Indexes{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | url =weblink | title = Index Types Per Storage Engine | access-date = 24 September 2017 }}	MEMORY, Cluster (NDB), InnoDB,5 tables only| {{no}}{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | chapter-url =weblink | title = Bugs | chapter = Feature request #4990: Functional Indexes }}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}	MyISAM tables{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | chapter-url =weblink | title = Bugs | chapter = Feature request #13979: InnoDB engine doesn't support FULLTEXT }} and, since v5.6.4, InnoDB tables{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | chapter-url =weblink | title = Release Notes | chapter = MySQL v5.6.4 Release Notes }}	MyISAM tables{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | url =weblink | title = Creating Spatial Indexes }} and, since v5.7.5, InnoDB tables{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | url =weblink | title = Changes in MySQL 5.7.5 }}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}

Cluster| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (Commercial only)| {{no}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle

#idx 11>11	Cluster Tables| {{yes}}	#idx 6>6| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | url =weblink | publisher = Stack Overflow | series = Questions | title = Does Oracle support full text search? }}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = Tech Network | chapter-url =weblink | title = Spatial & Locator | chapter = Location Features for Database 11g }}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}Oracle / PLSQL: ORA-01408 Error Message

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb| {{No}}| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{No}}| {{No}}| {{dunno}}| {{No}}| {{No}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#idx 7>7| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = PostgreSQL community | series = Documentation | url =weblink | title = Index Types | date = 11 November 2021 }}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = PostgreSQL community | series = Documentation | url =weblink | title = Full Text Search | date = 11 November 2021 }}	PostGIS{{Citation | publisher = The PostGIS Development Group | series = PostGIS Manual | url =weblink | title = Building Spatial Indexes }}| {{no}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{yes}}The SQLite R*Tree Module| {{no}}| {{yes}}SQLite Expression Indexes| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}SQLite FTS5 Extension

SpatiaLite{{Citation | url =weblink | publisher = Gaia GIS 2.3.1 | place = IT | title = SpatiaLite | access-date = 2010-12-06 | archive-date = 2011-07-22 | archive-url =weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20110722033735weblink">weblink | url-status = dead }}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | SQream DB| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#idx 3>3	#idx 3>3	#idx 3>3| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}	Teradata Geospatial>geospatial| {{dunno}}| {{no}}

|!! R-/R+ tree! Hash! Expression! Partial! Reverse! Bitmap! GiST! GIN! Full-text! Spatial! FOT! Duplicate index prevention(#idx 1 back|Note (1):) The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar.{{Citation (#idx 2 back|Note (2):) Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.(#idx 3 back|Note (3):) Can be emulated by indexing a computed column{{Citation (#idx 4 back|Note (4):) Used for InMemory ColumnStore index, temporary hash index for hash join, Non/Cluster & fill factor.(#idx 5 back|Note (5):) InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index{{Citation (#idx 6 back|Note (6):) Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used.(#idx 7 back|Note (7):) A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.(#idx 10 back|Note (10):) B+ tree and full-text only for now.(#idx 11 back|Note (11):) R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option.">

Database capabilities{| style"text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class"wikitable sortable"

! style="width:16em" |! Union! Intersect! Except! Inner joins! Outer joins! Inner selects! Merge joins! Blobs and clobs! Common table expressions! Windowing functions! Parallel query! System-versioned tables! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | ADABAS| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Altibase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Yes, via MINUS}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{No}}| {{No}}| {{No}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}New Features in HyperSQL 2.2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| experimentalH2 > Advanced > Recursive Queries| {{yes}}H2 Functions| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Yes, via MINUS}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}Informix parallel data query (PDQ)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | InterBase| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{No}}| {{No}}! style="text-align:left" | LucidDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB| {{yes}}

10.3+}}HTTPS://MARIADB.COM/KB/EN/LIBRARY/INTERSECT/ >TITLE=INTERSECT, mariadb.com,

10.3+}}HTTPS://MARIADB.COM/KB/EN/LIBRARY/EXCEPT/ >TITLE=EXCEPT, mariadb.com, | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}WEB ,weblink , CTE implemented in 10.2.2 , mariadb.org , 26 July 2017 , | {{yes}}WEB ,weblink , Window Functions Overview , mariadb.com , 25 April 2016 , | {{no}}{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | chapter-url =weblink | title = Bugs | chapter = Feature request #1542: Parallel query }}| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | MaxDB| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}| {{no}}| {{Yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MySQL| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}

8+}}{{Citation | publisher = Oracle | series = MySQL | chapter-url =weblink | title = Bugs | chapter = Feature request #16244: SQL-99 Derived table WITH clause (CTE) }}	8+}}{{Citation | url =weblink | title = Window Functions | publisher = mysql.com | access-date = 20 July 2021 }}| {{no}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

Yes, via MINUS}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}	#capa 1>1| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation | publisher = Ora FAQ | series = Wiki | url =weblink | title = Parallel Query }}		URL-STATUS=LIVE	ARCHIVE-DATE=2020-10-25,

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

LEFT only}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}	3.8.3+}}SQLite Query Language: WITH clause	3.25+}}Window Functions| {{no}}| {{no}}

! style="text-align:left" | SQream DB

ALL only}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! |! Union! Intersect! Except! Inner joins! Outer joins! Inner selects! Merge joins! Blobs and clobs! Common table expressions! Windowing functions! Parallel query! System-versioned tables(#capa 1 back|Note (1):)Recursive CTEs introduced in 11gR2 supersedes similar construct called CONNECT BY.">

Data types{| style"text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size: 80%;" class"wikitable sortable"

! style="width:16em" |! Type system! Integer! Floating point! Decimal! String! Binary! Date/Time! Boolean! Other! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| Static

UUID}} (16-bit), {{mono

INT}} (32-bit), {{mono

NUMERIC}} (64-bit)

REAL}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}

REAL}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}

CLOB}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}

BIT}}, {{mono

VARYING}}, {{mono|BLOB}}

DURATION}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}

BOOLEAN}}

PICTURE}}

! style="text-align:left" | Altibase{{Citation

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {hide}mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

NUMBER}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

NCHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}

BLOB}}, {{mono

NIBBLE}}, {{mono

VARBIT}}

DATE}}|

GEOMETRY}}

! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| Static

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono

MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}}

DECIMAL}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono

MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}

TINYBLOB}}, {{mono

MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}

DATETIME}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}

BIT(1)}}, {{mono|BOOLEAN}}

ENUM}}, {{mono|SET}},

! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID{{Citation }}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}| Static

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}(64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

NCHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}

BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}

BIT}}

MONETARY}}, {{mono

VARYING}}, {{mono

MULTISET}}, {{mono

ENUM}}

! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{dunno}}

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

DECFLOAT}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}

DECIMAL}}

CLOB}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}} {{mono

TIME}} {{mono

TIMESTAMP}} {{mono

TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}

BOOLEAN}}

XML}}, {{mono

VARGRAPHIC}}, {{mono

ROWID}}

! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| Static

TINYINT}}, {{mono

INTEGER8}}; {{mono

SQL_SMALLINT}}, or {{mono

INTEGER}}, {{mono

SQL_INTEGER}}, or {{mono

BIGINT}}, {{mono

INTEGER64}}

REAL}}, {{mono

FLOAT32}}; {{mono

PRECISION}}, {{mono

FLOAT64}}; {{mono

SQL_FLOAT}}; {{mono|EFLOAT}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

NUMERIC}}, {{mono

SQL_NUMERIC}}; {{mono|DOLLAR}}

CHARACTER}}, {{mono

CHARACTER}} {{mono

NATIONAL}} {{mono

NATIONAL}} {{mono

VARYING}}, {{mono

CHARACTER}} {{mono

OBJECT}}, {{mono

NATIONAL}} {{mono

LARGE}} {{mono

NLSTEXT}}

BINARY}} {{mono

OBJECT}} or {{mono

BULK}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}}, {{mono

EPOCH_TIME}}, {{mono

MICROTIMESTAMP}}

BOOLEAN}}

SEQUENCE}} 32, {{mono|SEQUENCE}}

! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| Static

TINYINT}}, {{mono

INTEGER}}, {{mono|BIGINT}},

REAL}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

NUMERIC}}, {{mono|NUMBER}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

NVARCHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}

N/A}}

DATE}}, {{mono

INTERVAL}}

BOOLEAN}}, {{mono|BOOL}}

GEOMETRY}}

! style="text-align:left" | FileMakerWEB

Not Supported}}	Not Supported}}	NUMBER}}	TEXT}}	CONTAINER}}	TIMESTAMP}}	Not Supported}}|

! style="text-align:left" | FirebirdWEB

INT64}}, {hide}mono

SMALLINT}}

DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

DECIMAL}}(18, 4), {{mono|DECIMAL}}(10, 4)

BLOB}}, {{mono

CHAR(x)}} {{mono

SET}} {{mono

VARCHAR(x)}} {{mono

SET}} {{mono

VARCHAR}}

BLOB}} {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono|BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}} (without time zone)

BOOLEAN}}

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|CHAR}}(38), User defined types (Domains)

! style="width:16em" |! Type system! Integer! Floating point! Decimal! String! Binary! Date/Time! Boolean! Other! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB{{Citation

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {hide}mono

INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)

DOUBLE}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

LONGVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

LONGVARBINARY}}, {{mono|BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}

BOOLEAN}}

OTHER}} (object), {{mono

BIT}} {{mono

ARRAY}}

! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic ServerWEB

UDT}}

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono

INT8}} (64-bit proprietary), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)

SMALLFLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}} (32 decimal digits float/fixed, range {{10^

125}}), {{mono|MONEY}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

NCHAR}}, {{mono

LVARCHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}

TEXT}}, {{mono

BLOB}}, {{mono|CLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

INTERVAL}}

BOOLEAN}}

SET}}, {{mono

MULTISET}}, {{mono

TIMESERIES}}, {{mono

GEODETIC}}, {{mono

BSON}}, {{mono

DEFINED}} {{mono|TYPES}}

! style="text-align:left" | Ingres{{Citation

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {hide}mono

INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT4}} (32-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono

NCHAR}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono

TEXT}}

BYTE}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono

BLOB}})

DATE}}, {{mono

INGRESDATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}

N/A}}

MONEY}}, {{mono

TABLE_KEY}}, {{mono

DEFINED}} {{mono

TYPES}} (via {{mono|OME}})

! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| Static + Dynamic (in stored procedures)

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono	BIGINT}} (64-bit)	REAL}}(32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}}(64-bit)	DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}	CHAR}}, {{mono	NCHAR}}, {{mono	BLOB}}	BYTE}}, {{mono	BLOB}}	DATE}}	BOOLEAN}}	GEOMETRY}}, {{mono|EXTFILE}}

! style="text-align:left" | MariaDBWEB

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {hide}mono

MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono

REAL}}) (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono

MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}

TINYBLOB}}, {{mono

MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}

DATETIME}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}

BIT(1)}}, {{mono

BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono|TINYINT}}

ENUM}}, {{mono

GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server{{Citation

TINYINT}}, {hide}mono

INT}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}

FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}

NUMERIC}}, {{mono

SMALLMONEY}}, {{mono|MONEY}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono

NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NTEXT}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

IMAGE}}, {{mono

FILETABLE}}

DATE}}, {{mono

DATETIME2}}, {{mono

DATETIME}}, {{mono|TIME}}

BIT}}

CURSOR}}, {{mono

HIERARCHYID}}, {{mono

SQL_VARIANT}}, {{mono

TABLE}}, Geometry, Geography, Custom .NET datatypes

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database){{Citation

TINYINT}}, {hide}mono

INT}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}

FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}

NUMERIC}}, {{mono

MONEY}}

NCHAR}}, {{mono

NTEXT}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

IMAGE}}

DATETIME}}

BIT}}

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono

UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}, {{mono

ROWGUIDCOL}}

! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| Static

SMALLINT}}, {{mono

BIGINT}}, {{mono|INTEGER(n)}}

FLOAT}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT(n)}}

NUMERIC}}, {{mono|DECIMAL}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

NCHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}

BOOLEAN}}

DOMAINS}}, {{mono

UUID}})

! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| Static, extensible

TINYINT}}, {{mono

INT}}, {{mono

BIGINT}}, {{mono

SERIAL}}, {{mono|BIGSERIAL}}

FLOAT}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>REAL}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}} {{mono|PRECISION}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>VARCHAR(n)}}, {{mono

CLOB(n)}}, {{mono

STRING}}

BLOB}}, {{mono|BLOB(n)}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}} {{mono

TIME}} {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono

WITH}} {{mono

ZONE}}, {{mono

MONTH}}, {{mono

DAY}}, {{mono

SECOND}}

BOOLEAN}}

JSON}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>URL}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>INET}}, {{mono

GIS}} data types ({{mono|Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon}}), User Defined Types

! style="text-align:left" | MySQL{{Citation

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {hide}mono

MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono

REAL}}) (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono

MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}

TINYBLOB}}, {{mono

MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}

DATETIME}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}

BIT(1)}}, {{mono

BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono|TINYINT}}

ENUM}}, {{mono

GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)

! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso{{Citation

INT}}, {hide}mono

SMALLINT}}

REAL}}, {{mono

PRECISION}}, {{mono

FLOAT(n)}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>DECIMAL(m, n)}}, {{mono

NUMERIC(n)}}, {{mono|NUMERIC(m, n)}}

CHARACTER}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>VARCHAR}}, {{mono

n)}}, {{mono>NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR(n)}}

BLOB}}

TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono

TIME}}, {{mono|DATE}}

N/A}}

ANY}}, {{mono

IRI}}, {{mono

UDT}} (User Defined Type), {{mono

BOX}}, {{mono

BOX3D}}, {{mono

BOXZ}}, {{mono

CIRCULARSTRING}}, {{mono

CURVEPOLYGON}}, {{mono

GEOMETRYCOLLECTION}}, {{mono

GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONZ}}, {{mono

LINESTRING}}, {{mono

LINESTRINGZ}}, {{mono

MULTICURVE}}, {{mono

MULTILINESTRINGM}}, {{mono

MULTILINESTRINGZM}}, {{mono

MULTIPOINTM}}, {{mono

MULTIPOINTZM}}, {{mono

MULTIPOLYGONM}}, {{mono

MULTIPOLYGONZM}}, {{mono

POINTM}}, {{mono

POINTZM}}, {{mono

POLYGONM}}, {{mono

POLYGONZM}}, {{mono

POLYLINEZ}}, {{mono

RINGM}}, {{mono

RINGZM}})

! style="width:16em" |! Type system! Integer! Floating point! Decimal! String! Binary! Date/Time! Boolean! Other! style="text-align:left" | Oracle{{Citation }}

ANYDATA}})

NUMBER}}

BINARY_FLOAT}}, {{mono|BINARY_DOUBLE}}

NUMBER}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}, {{mono

NVARCHAR2}}, {{mono

LONG}} (deprecated)

BLOB}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono

BFILE}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}} {{mono

INTERVAL}}

N/A}}

SPATIAL}}, {{mono

AUDIO}}, {{mono

DICOM}}, XMLType, {{mono

JSON}}

! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL){{Citation

BIGINT}}, {hide}mono

SMALLINT}}, {{mono

UBIGINT}}, {{mono

USMALLINT}}, {{mono|UTINYINT}}

BFLOAT4}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}

DECIMAL}}, {{mono

NUMERICSA}}, {{mono

NUMERICSLS}}, {{mono

NUMERICSTS}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

VARBINARY}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}}

BIT}}

CURRENCY}}, {{mono

SMALLIDENTITY}}, {{mono

UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}

! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra{{Citation | Static

INTEGER8}} (8-bit), {{mono

INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|INTEGER64}} (64-bit)

FLOAT32}} (32-bit), {{mono

REAL}}; 64-bit)

N/A}}

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

VARCHAR}} (aka {{mono

LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}})

LARGE}} {{mono

BINARY}} {{mono

OBJECT}})

DATETIME}}

BOOLEAN}}

N/A}}

! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL{{Citation

SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {hide}mono

BIGINT}} (64-bit)

REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono

PRECISION}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}

CHAR}}, {{mono

TEXT}}

BYTEA}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIME}} {{mono

TIMESTAMP}} (with/without {{mono

ZONE}}), {{mono|INTERVAL}}

BOOLEAN}}

ENUM}}, {{mono

LINE}}, {{mono

BOX}}, {{mono

POLYGON}}, {{mono

CIDR}}, {{mono

MACADDR}}, {{mono

UUID}}, {{mono

JSON}}, {{mono|JSONB}}, arrays, composites, ranges, custom

! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| Static

TINYINT}}, {{mono

INTEGER}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}

SMALLDECIMAL}}, {{mono

DOUBLE}}, {{mono

FLOAT(n)}}

DECIMAL}}

VARCHAR}}, {{mono

ALPHANUM}}, {{mono|SHORTTEXT}}

VARBINARY}}, {{mono

BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

SECONDDATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}

BOOLEAN}}

CLOB}}, {{mono

TEXT}}, {{mono

ST_GEOMETRY}}, {{mono

ST_MULTIPOINT}}, {{mono

ST_MULTILINESTRING}}, {{mono

ST_MULTIPOLYGON}}, {{mono

ST_CIRCULARSTRING}}

! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| Static

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono

INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)

REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono

FLOAT}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}} (51 digits)

CHAR}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono

WCHAR}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono|WVARCHAR}}

BINARY}}, {{mono

LONG}} {{mono|VARBINARY}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}}| |

! style="text-align:left" | SQLite{{Citation

INTEGER}} (64-bit)	REAL}} (aka {{mono	DOUBLE}}) (64-bit)	N/A}}	TEXT}} (aka {{mono	CLOB}})	BLOB}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}

! style="text-align:left" | SQream DB{{Citation

TINYINT}} (8-bit), {hide}mono	INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)	REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono	FLOAT}}) (64-bit)	N/A}}	CHAR}}, {{mono	NVARCHAR}}	N/A}}	DATE}}, {{mono	TIMESTAMP}})	BOOL}}	N/A}}

! style="width:16em" |! Type system! Integer! Floating point! Decimal! String! Binary! Date/Time! Boolean! Other! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| Static

BYTEINT}} (8-bit), {{mono

INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)

FLOAT}} (64-bit)

DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}} (38 digits)

CHAR}}, {{mono

CLOB}}

BYTE}}, {{mono

BLOB}}

DATE}}, {{mono

TIMESTAMP}} (w/wo {{mono

ZONE}})|

PERIOD}}, {{mono

GEOMETRY}}, {{mono

JSON}}, {{mono|UDT}} (User Defined Type)

! style="text-align:left" | UniData| Dynamic

N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}

! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| Dynamic

N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}	N/A}}

! |! Type system! Integer! Floating point! Decimal! String! Binary! Date/Time! Boolean! Other

Other objects

Information about what other objects are supported natively.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:16em" |! Data Domain! Cursor! Trigger! Function 1! Procedure 1! External routine 1! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | ADABAS| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}?| {{yes}}?| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Altibase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#other 2>2	#other 2>2	#other 2>2

! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#other 2>2| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{yes}} via RANGE CHECK| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{yes}} via CHECK CONSTRAINT| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{yes}}| {{no}}

#other 2>2	#other 2>2	#other 2>2| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}} via CHECK| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#other 5>5

! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | InterBase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | LucidDB| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}

#other 2>2	#other 2>2	#other 2>2

! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB

	WEBSITE=MARIADB.COM, | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | MaxDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}

Yes, But single DML/DDL Operation}}| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}} | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | MySQL

#other 3>3| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | UniData| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! |! Data Domain! Cursor! Trigger! Function 1! Procedure 1! External routine 1(#other 1 back|Note (1):) Both function and procedure refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like PL/SQL. External routine refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "Stored procedure" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors.(#other 2 back|Note (2):) In Derby, H2, LucidDB, and CUBRID, users code functions and procedures in Java.(#other 3 back|Note (3):) ENUM datatype exists. CHECK clause is parsed, but not enforced in runtime.(#other 5 back|Note (5):) Informix supports external functions written in Java, C, & C++.

Partitioning

Information about what partitioning methods are supported natively.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:16em" |! Range! Hash! Composite (Range+Hash)! List! Expression! Round Robin! style="text-align:left" | 4th Dimension| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | ADABAS| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Altibase| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Apache Derby| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | ClustrixDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | Ingres| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | InterBase| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MaxDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Access (JET)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft Visual Foxpro| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}

via computed column}}	via computed column}}| {{yes}}	via computed column}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MonetDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | MySQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

via Virtual Columns}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Oracle Rdb| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | UniVerse| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! |! Range! Hash! Composite (Range+Hash)! List! Expression! Round Robin

Access control

Information about access control functionalities.{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size: 80%" class="wikitable sortable"! style="width:16em" |! Native network encryption1! Brute-force protection! Enterprise directory compatibility! Password complexity rules2! Patch access3! Run unprivileged4! Audit! Resource limit! Separation of duties (RBAC)5! Security Certification! Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)! style="text-align:left" | 4D| {{yes}} (with SSL)| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Adaptive Server Enterprise| {{yes}} (optional; to pay)| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (optional ?)| {{yes}}| {{partial}} (need to register; depend on which product){{Citation

#ac 1>1)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Advantage Database Server| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | CUBRID| {{yes}} (with SSL)| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | IBM Db2| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#ac 6>6)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Empress Embedded Database| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | EXASolution| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (LDAP)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Firebird| {{yes}}| {{yes}}{{Citation

#ac 7>7| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | HSQLDB| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | H2| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Informix Dynamic Server| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}

#ac 10>10	#ac 10>10| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}

! style="text-align:left" | Linter SQL RDBMS| {{yes}} (with SSL)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (length only)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | MariaDB| {{yes}} (SSL)| {{no}}| {{yes}} (with 5.2, but not on Windows servers)| {{yes}}WEB

#ac 8>8| {{no}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}} (Microsoft Active Directory)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{Yes}} (From 2008)| {{Yes}}| {{Yes}}

#ac 11>11)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (file access)| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | Mimer SQL| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (depending on OS)| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}! style="text-align:left" | MySQL| {{yes}} (SSL with 4.0)| {{no}}| {{yes}} (with 5.5, but only in commercial edition)| {{no}}| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation

#ac 8>8| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | OpenLink Virtuoso| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (optional)| {{yes}} (optional)| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (optional)| {{yes}} (optional)| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}} (optional)! style="text-align:left" | Oracle| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#ac 1>1)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Actian Zen (PSQL)| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#ac 12>12| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | Polyhedra DBMS| {{yes}} (with SSL. Optional)| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}

#ac 13>13| {{yes}}	#ac 13>13| {{no}}| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | PostgreSQL| {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#ac 9>9)| {{yes}} (with passwordcheck module)| {{yes}}{{Citation | url =weblink | publisher = PostgreSQL community | series = Support | title = Security | access-date = 2018-03-05 | archive-url =weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20111101131843weblink">weblink | archive-date = 2011-11-01 | url-status = dead }}| {{yes}}| {{yes}} (with pgaudit extension){{Citation | url =weblink | title = Open Source PostgreSQL Audit Logging | date = September 2022 }} | {{yes}}| {{yes}}

#ac 1>1)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | SAP HANA| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}| {{dunno}}! style="text-align:left" | solidDB| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}} | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}| {{no}}! style="text-align:left" | SQL Anywhere| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}} (Kerberos)| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}}

#ac 1>1 as Adaptive Server Anywhere)| {{dunno}}

! style="text-align:left" | SQLite| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{no}} (not relevant)| {{partial}} (no security page){{Citation ! style="text-align:left" | Teradata| {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)| {{yes}}| {{dunno}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{yes}}!! Native network encryption1! Brute-force protection! Enterprise directory compatibility! Password complexity rules2! Patch access3! Run unprivileged4! Audit! Resource limit! Separation of duties (RBAC)5! Security Certification! Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)(Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 1|Note (1):) Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, in general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy.(Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 2|Note (2):) Options are present to set a minimum size for password, respect complexity like presence of numbers or special characters.(Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 3|Note (3):) How do you get security updates? Is it free access, do you need a login or to pay? Is there easy access through a Web/FTP portal or RSS feed or only through offline access (mail CD-ROM, phone).(Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 4|Note (4):) Does database process run as root/administrator or unprivileged user? What is default configuration?(Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 5|Note (5):) Is there a separate user to manage special operation like backup (only dump/restore permissions), security officer (audit), administrator (add user/create database), etc.? Is it default or optional?(#ac 6 back|Note (6):) Common Criteria certified product list.{{Citation (#ac 7 back|Note (7):) FirebirdSQL seems to only have SYSDBA user and DB owner. There are no separate roles for backup operator and security administrator.(#ac 8 back|Note (8):) User can define a dedicated backup user but nothing particular in default install.{{Citation (#ac 9 back|Note (9):) Authentication methods.{{Citation (#ac 10 back|Note (10):) Informix Dynamic Server supports PAM and other configurable authentication. By default uses OS authentication.(#ac 11 back|Note (11):) Authentication methods.{{Citation (#ac 12 back|Note (12):) With the use of Pervasive AuditMaster.(#ac 13 back|Note (13):) User-based security is optional in Polyhedra, but when enabled can be enhanced to a role-based model with auditing.{{Citation

Databases vs schemas (terminology)

{{Original research|section|date=June 2010}}The SQL specification defines what an "SQL schema" is; however, databases implement it differently. To compound this confusion the functionality can overlap with that of a parent database. An SQL schema is simply a namespace within a database; things within this namespace are addressed using the member operator dot "{{char|.}}". This seems to be a universal among all of the implementations.A true fully (database, schema, and table) qualified query is exemplified as such: {{code|SELECT * FROM database.schema.table|sql}}Both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo", from another like-named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:

• {{code|SELECT FROM database1.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT FROM database2.foo|sql}} (no explicit schema between database and table)
• {{code|SELECT FROM [database1.]default.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT FROM [database1.]alternate.foo|sql}} (no explicit database prefix)

The problem that arises is that former MySQL users will create multiple databases for one project. In this context, MySQL databases are analogous in function to PostgreSQL-schemas, insomuch as PostgreSQL deliberately lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality (preferring multi-tenancy) that MySQL has. Conversely, PostgreSQL has applied more of the specification implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality.MySQL aliases schema with database behind the scenes, such that {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} and {{code|CREATE DATABASE}} are analogs. It can therefore be said that MySQL has implemented cross-database functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely, and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, PostgreSQL fully supports schemas and multi-tenancy by strictly separating databases from each other and thus lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL does not even attempt to support standard schemas.Oracle has its own spin where creating a user is synonymous with creating a schema. Thus a database administrator can create a user called PROJECT and then create a table PROJECT.TABLE. Users can exist without schema objects, but an object is always associated with an owner (though that owner may not have privileges to connect to the database). With the 'shared-everything' Oracle RAC architecture, the same database can be opened by multiple servers concurrently. This is independent of replication, which can also be used, whereby the data is copied for use by different servers. In the Oracle implementation, a 'database' is a set of files which contains the data while the 'instance' is a set of processes (and memory) through which a database is accessed.Informix supports multiple databases in a server instance like MySQL. It supports the {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} syntax as a way to group DDL statements into a single unit creating all objects created as a part of the schema as a single owner. Informix supports a database mode called ANSI mode which supports creating objects with the same name but owned by different users.PostgreSQL and some other databases have support for foreign schemas, which is the ability to import schemas from other servers as defined in ISO/IEC 9075-9 (published as part of ). This appears like any other schema in the database according to the SQL specification while accessing data stored either in a different database or a different server instance. The import can be made either as an entire foreign schema or merely certain tables belonging to that foreign schema.WEB

See also

• Relational database management system (includes market share data)
• List of relational database management systems
• Comparison of object–relational database management systems
• Comparison of database administration tools
• Object database – some of which have relational (SQL/ODBC) interfaces.
• IBM Business System 12 – an historical RDBMS and related query language.

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

• Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards. Includes Oracle, Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. (8 June 2007)
• The SQL92 standard
• DMBS comparison by SQL Workbench

{{Databases}}