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| city = Sydney| state = NSW| image = The Sydney Chinatown in Dixon Street.jpg| caption = A Chinese paifang at the intersection of Factory Street and Dixon Street| image2 ={{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=260|frame-height=280|frame-align=center|zoom=15|type=shape|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=3}}| lga = City of Sydney| postcode = 2000| area = 0.5| est = Electoral district of Sydney>SydneyDivision of Sydney>Sydney| dist1 = | location1= Ultimo, New South Wales>UltimoSydney central business district>Sydney CBDSydney central business district>Sydney CBDUltimo, New South Wales>UltimoSydney central business district>Sydney CBDHaymarket, New South Wales>HaymarketHaymarket, New South Wales>HaymarketHaymarket, New South Wales>Haymarketpop_footnotes=HTTPS://WWW.CITYOFSYDNEY.NSW.GOV.AU/BUSINESS/BUILD-YOUR-SKILLS-AND-KNOWLEDGE/BUSINESS-RESEARCH-AND-DATA/BUSINESS-IN-YOUR-LOCAL-AREA/CHINATOWN-AND-CBD-SOUTH>TITLE = PROFILING THE SYDNEY COMMUNITYpop_year=2018}}

factoids

Chinatown ({{zh|t=悉尼唐人街|cy=Sīknèih Tòhngyàhn'gāai}}; {{zh|p=Xīní Tángrénjiē}}) is an urban enclave situated in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It comprises the majority of the Haymarket suburb, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney, and is Australia's largest Chinatown.WEB,weblink Chinatown and Haymarket, Sydney.com, 6 June 2013, Sydney, and the colony of New South Wales, experienced Chinese migration as early as 1828. The first group of Chinese labourers from Amoy (modern day Xiamen) embarked for New South Wales in 1848. With the discovery of gold in 1851 Chinese immigration increased, and by 1855 the number of Chinese immigrants reached around 17,000.WEB,weblink Chinese Migration Stories, 2015-12-22, www.records.nsw.gov.au, en, 2020-04-07, The Chinese population had traditionally been represented by those who came from Southern China (i.e. provinces such as Guangdong and Fujian), due to the majority of colonial ports being located in the southern coast of China.WEB,weblink Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project, arrow.latrobe.edu.au, 2020-04-07,

History

{{See|History of Sydney|History of Chinese Australians}}File:Pageant of Nations, Sydney Town Hall 1938.png|left|thumb|Chinese immigrants in Sydney at the Pageant of Nations, Sydney Town HallSydney Town HallOne of the many nationalities to arrive in Australia during the Gold Rush years of the 1850s were the Chinese, and large groups stayed on after the Gold Rush itself ended. They settled largely in their own communities, working in locations across Sydney, with many of these Chinese immigrants becoming market gardeners on the city's fringe.BOOK, City of Sydney: Pictorial History, Alan, Sharpe, 2000, Kingsclear Books, 9-780-98718408-5, By 1861 there were some 13,000 Chinese living in New South Wales, and during this time the Chinatown was in The Rocks district, also known as the 'Chinese Quarter'.WEB,weblink Sydney's Chinese Community in The Rocks, deborahw, 2014-02-21, Sydney Living Museums, en, 2020-04-07, Anti-immigration sentiment was rife during the 1880s, and a Royal Commission into "Alleged Chinese Gambling and Immorality" began in 1892, due to the number of opium dens and brothels that were found in the area, similar to Melbourne's Chinatown. This attitude of negativity towards the Chinese had settled down by the time of Federation in 1901. By the 1920s, Sydney's Chinatown migrated over to Campbell Street, in the vicinity of the popular Capitol Theatre. Since 2019, Dixon Street and other intersecting streets are completely vehicle-free every Friday from 4pm, in order to host the Friday night markets. Different stalls selling Asian street food, desserts, and confectionery line the streets and alleyways, and the markets can become extremely busy.WEB,weblink Chinatown Night Market {{!, Dixon Street Plaza {{!}} Shopping in Sydney|website=Time Out|date=28 February 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-07}}

Location

Traditional boundaries

Officially, Chinatown does not have clearly defined borders, due to its continuous growth. The traditional core of the Haymarket Chinatown has been centred around Dixon Street, a pedestrian street mall with many Chinese restaurants, and with a paifang (a traditional Chinese gateway) at each end. At the eastern side, running parallel with Dixon Street, are Sussex Street and George Street, Sydney city's main thoroughfare. Other streets and lanes within Sydney's Chinatown include Factory Street, Goulburn Street, Little Hay Street, Kimber Lane and Thomas Street.At the eastern end of Chinatown, at the corner of George Street and Hay Street, there is a sculpture made from a dead tree trunk; created by artist Lin Li in 1999 and named Golden Water Mouth.WEB, Golden Water Mouth, cityartsydney.com.au (City of Sydney website),weblink 24 April 2020, {{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Its designer believed that it would bring good fortune to the Chinese community.

Recent expansion

The current location of modern day Chinatown is actually the third known area to have been considered a Chinatown.{{where?|date=April 2020}} When Sydney's produce market moved from what became the site of the Queen Victoria Building to the Belmore Markets, the Haymarket and Surry Hills areas became the focus for Sydney's Chinese citizens. By the 1920s Chinatown began to consolidate at its current location.(File:Haymarket Market City.JPG|left|thumb|The Peak Apartments building on top of the Market City shopping centre.|alt=|283x283px)On Hay Street, the construction of The Peak Apartments, a residential skyscraper, in 1996 and the newly renovated Market City shopping complex built over the Paddy's Market further consolidated Chinatown. Market City contains food courts with chain restaurants (such as Haidilao), an 800+ seat Dim Sum Restaurant (The Eight Modern Chinese Restaurant), boutique shops, City Amusements (a large indoor entertainment complex), and the Haymarket Paddy's Markets, a Wednesday-to-Sunday produce and flea market.WEB,weblink Market City Sydney {{!, Best Shopping in Chinatown & Haymarket|website=Market City|access-date=2020-04-07}} Likewise, the completion of Darling Square in late 2017 adjacent to Market City added multiple new apartment complexes and a plethora of new facilities and restaurants that fully integrated Chinatown into the urban core of Sydney.WEB,weblink Darling Square: Sydney's new $3.4 billion neighbourhood takes shape, Williams, Sue, 2019-04-16, Commercial Real Estate, en-AU, 2020-04-07, Unlike the Chinatowns in some other countries, Sydney's Chinatown has been relatively free of crime and hygiene issues. However, since there are many skyscrapers in Sydney, there are some concerns within the Chinese community about the building height restrictions imposed by the image-conscious local government authorities.

Suburbification

There are also satellite Chinatowns that have emerged in the past two decades in several Sydney suburbs such as Ashfield, Hurstville, Eastwood, Campsie, Parramatta, Chatswood, Burwood, Flemington and Kingsford. Each of these suburbs are increasingly diverse in that people from specific regions in China settle together in one suburb, traditionally known as an ethnic enclave. For example, Ashfield is known as 'little Shanghai'WEB,weblink Business booms in 'little Shanghai', 2011-06-17, Sydney Morning Herald, en, 2020-04-07, whilst Hurstville has a high concentration of people from Hong Kong.WEB,weblink In the neighbourhood: Hurtsville, Food, en, 2020-04-07, However, Sydney's Chinatown still remains both a social and cultural centre for the Chinese Australian community in Sydney as it continues to expand.NEWS,weblink Eastern promise spreads to the suburbs, 2002-09-06, Sydney Morning Herald,

Demographics

(File:Chinese New Year Parade in Chinatown Sydney.jpg|thumb|263x263px|Chinese New Year parade)According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, in 2016 the Chinatown and Haymarket area included a significant population of Chinese (31.9%), Thai (18.3%), Indonesian (5.6%), English (5.1%) and Korean (4.8%) population. The most spoken languages at home apart from English were Thai (20.4%), Mandarin (20.3%), Indonesian (10.2%), Cantonese (5.1%), and Korean (4.8%).WEB,weblink 2016 Census QuickStats: Haymarket, Australian Bureau of Statistics, en, 2020-04-07, 7 April 2020,weblink dead, Furthermore, there is a significant student population from Asia, due to the close proximity of educational institutions such as the University of Technology Sydney, Technical and Further Education (TAFE NSW), and the University of Sydney. As of 2016, 25.9% of the residents in Chinatown were studying at university or TAFEWEB,weblink Chinatown and CBD South - City of Sydney, www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au, 7 March 2019, en, 2020-04-07, and 33.4% of individuals in the Haymarket area had a attained a bachelor's degree or above.As a centrally located Chinatown (that is adjacent to, and being gradually absorbed by the growing central business district), there are many white collar workers. Out of the 65,950 workers in the surrounding area in 2017, 18% worked in finance & financial services, 17% in the government, and 13.6% in professional & business services.WEB,weblink Chinatown and CBD South - City of Sydney, www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au, 7 March 2019, en, 2020-04-07, The median weekly household income in 2016 was $1,696, slightly above the national average of $1,659 in 2019.WEB,weblink Media Release - Moderate growth in average earnings (Media Release), Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of, 2020-02-20, Australian Bureau of Statistics, en, 2020-04-07,

Chinese Garden of Friendship

File:Chinese Garden of Friendship (looking back at city).jpg|thumb|left|alt=|371x371pxSydney is the sister city of Guangzhou in China,WEB,weblink Sister cities: City of Sydney, 22 February 2019, 23 February 2019, and as a gift to Sydney during the Australian Bicentenary in 1988, the Chinese Garden of Friendship ({{zh|first=t|t=誼園|s=谊园|p=yìyuán|cy=yihyùhn}}) was constructed west of Chinatown in the Darling Harbour precinct. The relationship between Sydney and Guangzhou (previously romanized as Canton), the capital of Guangdong province, is particularly strong because of trade and migration since the earliest days of colonisation. The agreement stipulated Guangdong would provide the design of the garden and key building materials, furniture and artworks that are intrinsic to the classic garden typology, while New South Wales would manage and fund its construction through the Darling Harbour Authority.It is one of the few public traditional Chinese gardens outside of China and is a horticultural expression of a private garden and can also be classified as a scholar's or classical garden.WEB,weblink Chinese Garden of Friendship, Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, 6 June 2013, dead,weblink" title="web.archive.org/web/20130602073906weblink">weblink 2 June 2013, dmy-all, The gardens were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 5 October 2018.WEB,weblink Chinese Garden of Friendship, Office of Environment & Heritage, 2020-04-07, The garden hosts activities such as lessons on its history and design philosophy, landscape tours, school visits, wedding functions, koi fish feeding, among others.WEB,weblink Chinese Garden of Friendship, darlingharbour.com, en, 2020-04-07,

Bilingual street signs

There are many bilingual street signs across Chinatown, denoting the name of streets, lanes, and roads in both English and Chinese. Some of the names are based on their Cantonese pronunciation (e.g. Hay Street; 禧街 which is pronounced "Hēi Gāai" in Cantonese, but "Xǐ Jiē" in Mandarin") whilst others are based on their Mandarin pronunciation (e.g. Liverpool Street; 利物浦街 which is pronounced "Lìwùpǔ Jiē" in Mandarin, but "Léihmáhtpóu Gāai" in Cantonese). Some of these signs are accompanied by their official City of Sydney street signs. On the bottom of each of these signs, it reads, "Welcome to Chinatown" and "歡迎光臨華埠".File:Bilingual Dixon Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Dixon Street; 德信街 (Cantonese: Dakseun Gāai; Mandarin: Déxìn Jiē)File:Bilingual Factory Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Factory Street; 發多利街 (Cantonese: Faatdōleih Gāai; Mandarin: Faduōlì Jiē)File:Bilingual Goulburn Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Goulburn Street; 高賓街 (Cantonese: Gōubān Gāai; Mandarin: Gāobīn Jiē)File:Bilingual Hay Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Hay Street; 禧街 (Cantonese: Hēi Gāai; Mandarin: Xǐ Jiē)File:Bilingual Kimber Lane sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Kimber Lane; 金貝里 (Cantonese: Gāmbui Léih; Mandarin: Jīnbèi Lǐ)File:Bilingual Little Hay Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Little Hay Street; 小禧街 (Cantonese: Síuhēi Gāai; Mandarin: Xiǎoxǐ Jiē)File:Liverpool Street Chinatown.JPG|Liverpool Street; 利物浦街 (Cantonese: Léihmáhtpóu Gāai; Mandarin: Lìwùpǔ Jiē)File:Bilingual Sussex Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Sussex Street; 莎瑟街 (Cantonese: Sāsāt Gāai; Mandarin: Shāsè Jiē)File:Bilingual Thomas Lane sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Thomas Lane; 湯馬士里 (Cantonese: Tōngmáhsih Léih; Mandarin: Tāngmǎshì Lǐ)File:Bilingual Thomas Street sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Thomas Street; 湯馬士街 (Cantonese: Tōngmáhsih Gāai; Mandarin: Tāngmǎshì Jiē)File:Bilingual Ultimo Road sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Ultimo Road; 歐廸模道 (Cantonese: Āudihkmòuh Douh; Mandarin: Ōudímó Dào)File:Old bilingual Ultimo Road sign, Sydney Chinatown.jpg|Older sign for Ultimo Road; 歐田磨路 (Cantonese: Āutìhnmòh Louh; Mandarin: Ōutiánmó Lù)

Gallery

Dixon House Chinatown Sydney.jpg|Dixon House, 80 Dixon StreetChinatown Night Market, Sydney.jpg|Friday Night Markets in ChinatownEntrance to Sydney's Chinatown illuminated at night.jpg|Entrance to Chinatown via Haymarket, at nightDarling Square Sydney 2.jpg|Darling Square has extended Chinatown towards Darling HarbourSydney Chinatown.jpg|Haymarket (2013)Building in Chinatown, Sydney.jpg|The Sydney office of the KuomintangSydney Chinese Gardens HDR (8403135289).jpg|The Chinese Garden of FriendshipCorner store in Chinatown, Sydney.jpg|Corner store in ChinatownLunar New Year in Chinatown, Sydney.jpg|Lunar New Year celebrations2012 Lunar New Year in Chinatown, Sydney.jpg|Lunar New Year celebrations

Cultural depictions

• Sydney's Chinatown is the setting and film location of the music video for David Bowie's 1983 single China Girl.Davd Bowie dead at 69: The songwriter's time in Australia {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235130weblink |date=14 February 2022 }} Daily Telegraph 12 January 2016
• Parts of Sydney Chinatown appear in the 1999 film Two Hands
• A scene for Dulcea's compound in 20th Century Fox's 1995 superhero film (Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie)WEB,weblink Filming Location Matching "Chinese Garden of Friendship, Darling Harbour, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia" (Sorted by Popularity Ascending), IMDb, 2020-04-07,
• Appeared in The Wolverine in October 2012{{Citation|title=The Wolverine (2013) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1430132/locations|access-date=2020-04-07}}

See also

• Chinatowns in Australia
• Chinese Australians
• History of Chinese Australians
• Yiu Ming Temple, heritage-listed Chinese temple at 16-22 Retreat Street, Alexandria, City of Sydney
• Sze Yup Temple, heritage-listed Chinese temple at Victoria Road in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe, City of Sydney
• Australia-China relations
• Asian Australians
• Australians in China

References

{{reflist}}

External links

• WEB,weblink Chinatown, 26 September 2015, Shirley Fitzgerald, 2008, Dictionary of Sydney, CC-By-SA]
• SYDNEY.com - Chinatown and Haymarket

Further reading

{{Wikivoyage|Sydney/City South|Sydney - City South}}{{commons}}

• Anderson, Kay et al (2019) Chinatown Unbound, Rowman & Littlefeld, London.
• BOOK, Shirley, Fitzgerald, Red Tape, Gold Scissors (The story of Sydney's Chinese), Paperback, 206 pages, 1997, State Library of New South Wales, State Library of New South Wales Press in association with City of Sydney, The City of Sydney, 0-7310-6607-3,
• Richards, D. Manning (2012) Destiny in Sydney: An epic novel of convicts, Aborigines, and Chinese embroiled in the birth of Sydney, Australia. First book in Sydney series. Washington DC: Aries Books. {{ISBN|978-0-9845410-0-3}}

{{Sydney City of Sydney suburbs}}{{Sydney landmarks}}{{Australia Chinatown}}{{coord|33|52|43.61|S|151|12|14.69|E|type:landmark|display=title}}