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Carolyn Bertozzi

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Carolyn Bertozzi
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{{short description|American chemist (born 1966)}}{{Use American English|date=October 2022}}{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}







factoids
| birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.| death_date = | death_place = Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts)>University of California, Berkeley (MS, PhD)}}| known_for = Bioorthogonal chemistry| relatives = Andrea Bertozzi (sister)MacArthur Foundation Fellowship (1999)ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (2001)>Lemelson–MIT Prize (2010)Heinrich Wieland Prize (2012)>Wolf Prize (2022)Dickson Prize (2022)>Welch Award in Chemistry (2022)|Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2022)}}| module =







factoids
| doctoral_advisor = Mark D. Bednarski| thesis_title = Synthesis and biological activity of carbon-linked glycosides| thesis_url =www.proquest.com/docview/304068526/| thesis_year = 1993 }}}}{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= |video1= “What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you”, TEDx Stanford |video2= “Carolyn R. Bertozzi Wins 2022 AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award”, AAAS, 10 February 2022 }}Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi (born October 10, 1966) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate, known for her wide-ranging work spanning both chemistry and biology. She coined the term “bioorthogonal chemistry“WEB,www.hhmi.org/scientists/carolyn-r-bertozzi, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, HHMI.org, en, February 5, 2020, for chemical reactions compatible with living systems. Her recent efforts include synthesis of chemical tools to study cell surface sugars called glycans and how they affect diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections like COVID-19.WEB, Carolyn Bertozzi {{!, Department of Chemistry |url=https://chemistry.stanford.edu/people/carolyn-bertozzi |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=chemistry.stanford.edu}} At Stanford University, she holds the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences.NEWS, Adams, Amy, Stanford chemist explains excitement of chemistry to students, the public,news.stanford.edu/news/2015/june/chemistry-bertozzi-qna-060515.html, July 19, 2015, Stanford News, Bertozzi is also an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)NEWS, Carolyn Bertozzi honored by GLBT organization,berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2007/02/21_awards.shtml, February 8, 2013, UC Berkeley News, February 27, 2007, and is the former director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience research center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.She received the MacArthur “genius” award at age 33.WEB, Carolyn Bertozzi, Organic Chemist,www.macfound.org/fellows/600/, MacArthur Foundation, February 3, 2015, In 2010, she was the first woman to receive the prestigious Lemelson–MIT Prize faculty award. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (2005), the Institute of Medicine (2011), and the National Academy of Inventors (2013). In 2014, it was announced that Bertozzi would lead ACS Central Science, the American Chemical Society’s first peer-reviewed open access journal, which offers all content free to the public.WEB, Carolyn Bertozzi To Lead ACS Central Science {{!, Chemical & Engineering News|url =cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/09/Carolyn-Bertozzi-Lead-ACS-Central.html|website = cen.acs.org|accessdate = August 19, 2015|first = Linda|last = Wang}} Since 2021 she has been a member of the Accademia dei Lincei.WEB,www.lincei.it/en/node/9765, Alla lincea Carolyn Bertozzi uno dei Nobel per la Chimica 2022, Carolyn Bertozzi one of the 2022 Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, www.lincei.it, it, October 7, 2022, As an open lesbian in academia and science, Bertozzi has been a role model for students and colleagues.NEWS, Cassell, Heather, Two Bay Area gay scientists honored,www.ebar.com/story.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=&id=237708, October 5, 2022, Bay Area Reporter, February 22, 2007, WEB, NOGLSTP to Honor Bertozzi, Gill, Mauzey, and Bannochie at 2007 Awards Ceremony in February, February 19, 2019,www.noglstp.org/publications-documents/announcements/2007-01-21-noglstp-to-honor-bertozzi-gill-mauzey-and-bannochie-at-2007-awards-ceremony-in-february/, NOGLSTP, Bertozzi was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless, “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry”.{{r|nobelprize}}

Education

Carolyn Bertozzi received her B.A., summa cum laude, in chemistry from Harvard University, where she worked with Professor Joe Grabowski on the design and construction of a photoacoustic calorimeter.JOURNAL, 214–26, 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90003-P, Fluorescence probes in biochemistry: An examination of the non-fluorescent behavior of dansylamide by photoacoustic calorimetry, 1992, Grabowski, Joseph J., Analytical Biochemistry, 207, 2, 1481973, Bertozzi, Carolyn R., Jacobsen, John R., Jain, Ahamindra, Marzluff, Elaine M., Suh, Annie Y., Grabowski was impressed with her work and required Bertozzi to write a thesis on this project, which was submitted and Bertozzi won the Thomas T. Hoopes Undergraduate Thesis Prize with a large prize money. While an undergraduate, she played in several bands, notably Bored of Education with future Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello.WEB, Meet Carolyn Bertozzi,publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_bertozzi.htm, NIGMS, February 8, 2013, October 5, 2017,web.archive.org/web/20171005223521/https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_bertozzi.htm, dead, WEB, Houlton, Sarah, January 12, 2018, Carolyn Bertozzi,www.chemistryworld.com/features/carolyn-bertozzi/3008380.article, October 7, 2020, Chemistry World, Royal Society of Chemistry, After graduating from Harvard in 1988, she worked at Bell Labs with Chris Chidsey.WEB,inchemistry.acs.org/content/inchemistry/en/acs-and-you/carolyn-bertozzi.html, Carolyn Bertozzi’ s Winding Road to an Extraordinary Career, inChemistry, February 17, 2020, Eric, Stewart, March 27, 2017, American Chemical Society, Bertozzi completed her Ph.D. in chemistry at University of California, Berkeley in 1993 with Mark Bednarski, working on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs.THESIS, Synthesis and biological activity of carbon-linked glycosides, Bertozzi, Carolyn Ruth, University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D., {{ProQuest, 304068526, |oclc=30660316}}JOURNAL, Bertozzi: Infectious In Her Enthusiasm, Chemical & Engineering News, January 31, 2000, 78, 5, 26–35, While at Berkeley, she discovered that viruses can bind to sugars in the body.WEB,lemelson.mit.edu/winners/carolyn-bertozzi, Carolyn Bertozzi {{!, Lemelson–MIT Program|website=lemelson.mit.edu|access-date=February 5, 2020|archive-date=August 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810095535lemelson.mit.edu/winners/carolyn-bertozzi|url-status=dead}} The discovery led to her field of research, glycobiology. During Bertozzi’s third year of graduate school, Bednarski was diagnosed with colon cancer, which resulted in him taking a leave of absence and changing his career path by enrolling in medical school. This left Bertozzi and the rest of the lab to complete their Ph.D. work with no direct supervision.MAGAZINE, Azvolunsky, Anna, May 31, 2016, Carolyn Bertozzi: Glycan Chemist,www.the-scientist.com/profile/carolyn-bertozzi-glycan-chemist-33453, October 7, 2020, The Scientist (magazine), The Scientist, NEWS, Baker, Mitzi, Bednarski, pioneer of new cancer therapies, dies at 47,news.stanford.edu/news/2006/march22/med-obit-032206.html, 15 October 2022, Stanford University, 22 March 2006, en,

Career and research

After graduating from Berkeley with a Ph.D., Bertozzi was a postdoctoral fellow at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) with Steven Rosen, where she studied the activity of endothelial oligosaccharides in promoting cell adhesion at inflammation sites.JOURNAL, Davis, T., Profile of Carolyn Bertozzi, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, February 16, 2010, 107, 7, 2737–2739, 10.1073/pnas.0914469107, 20160128, 2840349, 2010PNAS..107.2737D, free, JOURNAL, Gardiner, Mary Beth, The Right Chemistry, HHMI Bulletin, Winter 2005, 8–12,www.hhmi.org/sites/default/files/Bulletin/2005/Winter/winter2005_fulltext.pdf, October 24, 2015, While working with Rosen at UCSF, Bertozzi was able to modify the protein and sugar molecules in the walls of living cells so that the cells accept foreign materials such as implants.WEB,www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx, Carolyn Bertozzi, Chemical Heritage Foundation, dead, July 12, 2016,www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx," title="web.archive.org/web/20160712164415www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx,">web.archive.org/web/20160712164415www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/biomolecules/proteins-and-sugars/bertozzi.aspx, In 1996 Bertozzi became a faculty member in the UC Berkeley College of ChemistryNEWS, Sanders, Robert, Chemistry Nobelist Carolyn Bertozzi’s years at UC Berkeley,news.berkeley.edu/2022/10/05/chemistry-nobelist-carolyn-bertozzis-years-at-uc-berkeley/, 15 October 2022, Berkeley News, 5 October 2022, and a faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where she served as the director of the Molecular Foundry.WEB,newscenter.lbl.gov/2022/10/05/carolyn-bertozzi-wins-2022-nobel-chemistry, Former Berkeley Lab Scientist Carolyn Bertozzi Wins 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, September 7, 2022, She has been an investigator with HHMI since 2000.WEB, Carolyn Bertozzi,www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html, HHMI, February 8, 2013, May 16, 2013,www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html," title="web.archive.org/web/20130516204149www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html,">web.archive.org/web/20130516204149www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/bertozzi_bio.html, dead, In 1999, while working with HHMI and at Berkeley, she founded the field of bioorthogonal chemistry and coined the term in 2003.WEB,cen.acs.org/people/profiles/Carolyn-Bertozzis-glycorevolution/98/i5, Carolyn Bertozzi’s glycorevolution, Chemical & Engineering News, en, February 12, 2020, WEB,www.invent.org/inductees/carolyn-bertozzi, NIHF Inductee Carolyn Bertozzi Invented Bioorthogonal Chemistry, www.invent.org, en, February 5, 2020, JOURNAL, Sletten, Ellen M., Bertozzi, Carolyn R., September 20, 2011, From Mechanism to Mouse: A Tale of Two Bioorthogonal Reactions, Accounts of Chemical Research, 44, 9, 666–676, 10.1021/ar200148z, 0001-4842, 3184615, 21838330, This new field and technique allows researchers to chemically modify molecules in living organisms and not interrupt the processes of the cell.JOURNAL, Sletten, Ellen M., Bertozzi, Carolyn R., 2009, Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality, Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 48, 38, 6974–6998, 10.1002/anie.200900942, 1433-7851, 2864149, 19714693, In 2015, Bertozzi moved to Stanford University to join the ChEM-H Institute.WEB,bertozzigroup.stanford.edu/bio.htm, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, bertozzigroup.stanford.edu, April 13, 2018, August 6, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190806163551/https://bertozzigroup.stanford.edu/bio.htm, dead, Bertozzi studies the glycobiology of underlying diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In particular, Bertozzi has advanced the understanding of cell surface oligosaccharides involved in cell recognition and inter-cellular communication. Bertozzi has applied the techniques of bioorthogonal chemistry to study glycocalyx, the sugars that surround the cell membrane. Her discoveries have advanced the field of biotherapeutics.JOURNAL, Xiao, Han, Woods, Elliot C., Vukojicic, Petar, Bertozzi, Carolyn R., August 22, 2016, Precision glycocalyx editing as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, en, 113, 37, 10304–10309, 10.1073/pnas.1608069113, 27551071, 5027407, 2016PNAS..11310304X, 0027-8424, free, Her lab has also developed tools for research. One such development is creating chemical tools for studying glycans in living systems. Her lab’s development of nanotechnologies which probe biological systems lead to the development of a fast point-of-care tuberculosis test in 2018.JOURNAL, Kamariza, Mireille, Shieh, Peyton, Ealand, Christopher S., Peters, Julian S., Chu, Brian, Rodriguez-Rivera, Frances P., Babu Sait, Mohammed R., Treuren, William V., Martinson, Neil, Kalscheuer, Rainer, Kana, Bavesh D., 2018, Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum with a solvatochromic trehalose probe, Science Translational Medicine, 10, 430, eaam6310, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6310, 1946-6242, 5985656, 29491187, In 2017, due to her lab’s discovery of linking the sugars on the surface of cancer cells and their ability to avoid the immune system defenses, she was invited to speak at Stanford’s TED talk, giving a talk entitled “What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you”.WEB,www.ted.com/speakers/carolyn_bertozzi, Carolyn Bertozzi {{!, Speaker {{!}} TED |last=Bertozzi|first=Carolyn|website=www.ted.com|language=en|access-date=February 5, 2020}}

Biotechnology startups

In 2001, Bertozzi and Steve Rosen co-founded Thios Pharmaceuticals in Emeryville, California, the first company to target sulfation pathways.JOURNAL, McCarthy, Alice A., February 2004, Thios Pharmaceuticals Targeting Sulfation Pathways,www.cell.com/cell-chemical-biology/pdf/S1074-5521(04)00040-7.pdf, Chemistry & Biology, 11, 2, 147–148, 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.02.008, 15123271, free, Thios Pharmaceuticals dissolved in 2005.WEB, Thios Pharmaceuticals {{!, www.inknowvation.com |url=https://www.inknowvation.com/sbir/companies/thios-pharmaceuticals |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=www.inknowvation.com}}In 2008, Bertozzi founded a startup of her own: Redwood Bioscience also in Emeryville, California.NEWS, McCook, Alison, Women in Biotechnology: Barred from the Boardroom,www.scientificamerican.com/article/women-in-biotechnology-barred-from-the-boardroom/, October 24, 2015, Scientific American, March 6, 2013, Redwood Bioscience is a biotechnology company that uses SMARTag, a site-specific protein modification technology that allows small drugs to attach to sites on the proteins and can be used to help fight cancers.WEB,ipira.berkeley.edu/redwood-bioscience-inc, Redwood Bioscience Inc. {{!, IPIRA|website=ipira.berkeley.edu|access-date=February 5, 2020}} Redwood Bioscience was acquired by Catalent Pharma Solutions in 2014. Bertozzi remains a part of the advisory board for the biologics sector of the company.In 2014, she co-founded Enable Biosciences of South San Francisco, California.WEB,www.enablebiosciences.com/contact, Contact, Enable Biosciences, October 13, 2022, It focuses on biotechnologies for at-home diagnoses for type 1 diabetes, HIV, and other diseases.WEB,ipira.berkeley.edu/enable-biosciences-inc, Enable Biosciences, Inc. {{!, IPIRA|website=ipira.berkeley.edu|access-date=February 12, 2020}}Bertozzi became a co-founder of Palleon Pharma of Waltham, Massachusetts, in 2015.WEB,palleonpharma.com/leadership/, Palleon Pharma – Leadership, October 5, 2022, July 6, 2019,web.archive.org/web/20190706121526/https://palleonpharma.com/leadership/, dead, Palleon Pharma focuses on investigating glycoimmune checkpoint inhibitors as a potential treatment for cancer.WEB, Palleon Pharma,www.massbio.org/members/palleon-pharma/, MassBio, en-US, May 28, 2020, In 2017, Bertozzi helped found InterVenn Biosciences, which uses mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence to enhance glycoproteomics for target and biomarker discovery, ovarian cancer diagnostics, and predicting the successes and failures of clinical trials.WEB,intervenn.bio/, InterVenn Biosciences {{!, AI-Driven Mass Spectrometry|website=intervenn.bio|access-date=February 12, 2020}}She co-founded Grace Science Foundation in 2018. The foundation focuses on curing NGLY1 deficiency through developing therapeutics that are efficient and inexpensive.WEB,rarediseases.info.nih.gov/organizations/3586, Grace Science Foundation, rarediseases.info.nih.gov, February 12, 2020, October 22, 2020,web.archive.org/web/20201022170634/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/organizations/3586, dead, In 2019, she co-founded both OliLux Biosciences and Lycia Therapeutics. OliLux Biosciences develops new methods for tuberculosis detection.JOURNAL, Dinkele, Ryan, Gessner, Sophia, Koch, Anastasia S., Morrow, Carl, Gqada, Melitta, Kamariza, Mireille, Bertozzi, Carolyn R., Smith, Brian, McLoud, Courtney, Kamholz, Andrew, Bryden, Wayne, December 27, 2019, Capture and visualization of live Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli from tuberculosis bioaerosols,www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887729v1, bioRxiv, en, 2019.12.23.887729, 10.1101/2019.12.23.887729, 213539003, free, The founding of Lycia Therapeutics occurred when Bertozzi’s group discovered lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs). The new molecule class may be able to degrade some cardiovascular disease and cancer targets.JOURNAL, Banik, Steven, Pedram, Kayvon, Wisnovsky, Simon, Riley, Nicholas, Bertozzi, Carolyn, November 20, 2019, Lysosome Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) for the Degradation of Secreted and Membrane Proteins, Figshare,chemrxiv.org/articles/Lysosome_Targeting_Chimeras_LYTACs_for_the_Degradation_of_Secreted_and_Membrane_Proteins/7927061, en, 10.26434/chemrxiv.7927061.v2, 213002729, Lycia Therapeutics focuses on developing technology which utilizes lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs).Bertozzi also previously served on the research advisory board of several pharmaceutical companies including GlaxoSmithKline, and until 2021 Eli Lilly.PRESS RELEASE, Company, Eli Lilly and, Lilly Announces that Professor Carolyn Bertozzi has Resigned from its Board of Directors,www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lilly-announces-that-professor-carolyn-bertozzi-has-resigned-from-its-board-of-directors-301362134.html, March 16, 2022, www.prnewswire.com, en,

Publications

Bertozzi has over 600 publications on Web of Science; the most cited are:
  • JOURNAL, 6974–98, 10.1002/anie.200900942, Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality, 2009, Sletten, EM, Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 48, 38, 19714693, 2864149, Bertozzi, CR,
  • JOURNAL, 2357–64, 10.1126/science.1059820, Chemical Glycobiology, 2001, Bertozzi, Carolyn R., Science, 291, 5512, 11269316, Kiessling, Laura L., 9585674, 2001Sci...291.2357B,
  • JOURNAL, 2007–10, 10.1126/science.287.5460.2007, Cell Surface Engineering by a Modified Staudinger Reaction, 2000, Saxon, Eliana, Science, 287, 5460, 10720325, Bertozzi, Carolyn R., 19720277, 2000Sci...287.2007S,
  • JOURNAL, 15046–15047, 10.1021/ja044996f, A Strain-Promoted [3 + 2] Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition for Covalent Modification of Biomolecules in Living Systems, 2005, Agard, Nicholas J., Prescher, Jennifer A., Bertozzi, Carolyn R., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126, 15547999, 46,
  • JOURNAL, Dube, DH, Bertozzi, CR, Glycans in cancer and inflammation—potential for therapeutics and diagnostics, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 4, 6, 477–88, 10.1038/nrd1751, 15931257, 2005, 22525932,

Awards and honors

(File:Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9372.jpg|thumb|300px|Carolyn Bertozzi, receiving the Emanuel Merck Lectureship in 2011)

Personal life

Bertozzi grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts, the daughter of the late Norma Gloria (Berringer) and William Bertozzi.WEB,www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/norma-bertozzi-obituary?id=30733422, NORMA GLORIA BERTOZZI Obituary (2021) Boston Globe, Legacy.com, Her father was of Italian descent.WEB,lavocedinewyork.com/en/news/2022/10/05/italian-american-scientist-carolyn-bertozzi-wins-the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry, Italian American Scientist Carolyn Bertozzi Wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, October 5, 2022, Her maternal grandparents were from Nova Scotia, Canada.WEB,digital.sciencehistory.org/works/3xomins, Oral history interview with Carolyn R. Bertozzi, She has two sisters, one of whom, Andrea Bertozzi, is on the mathematics faculty at the University of California, Los Angeles.WEB,www.math.ucla.edu/~bertozzi/, UCLA Math Department Faculty, June 4, 2012, Her father was a physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.WEB,web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/bertozzi_william.html, MIT Physics Department Faculty, June 4, 2012, Bertozzi and her two sisters grew up around science. Because their father was a physics professor, when asked what she and her sisters wanted to be when they grew up, the answer was unanimous: a nuclear physicist. The three girls would attend MIT camps, as their father dreamt that they would attend MIT due to a “mixture of pride and the promise of free tuition.” To William’s dismay, Carolyn attended Harvard instead because the school offered strengths outside of just science.Bertozzi briefly considered a career in music. In high school, she won several awards for music compositions and musical accomplishments. Her talent on the keyboard earned her offers as a music major from several university rock bands, but she felt that she was “always centered on the sciences”. Bertozzi is a lesbian and has been out since the late 1980s.JOURNAL, Navals, Pauline, April 5, 2022, ONE ON ONE WITH CAROLYN BERTOZZI, Chemical & Engineering News, en,cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/One-on-one-with-Carolyn-Bertozzi/100/i12,

References

{{Reflist|refs=
PRESS RELEASE, Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022, October 5, 2022, The Nobel Prize,www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2022/press-release/,
}}

External links

{{Scholia}} {{Commons category|Carolyn Bertozzi}} {{ACS Chemical Biology Lectureship}}{{FRS 2018}}{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 2001–2025}}{{2022 Nobel Prize winners}}{{Authority control}}

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