GetWiki
raion
ARTICLE SUBJECTS
being →
database →
ethics →
fiction →
history →
internet →
language →
linux →
logic →
method →
news →
policy →
purpose →
religion →
science →
software →
truth →
unix →
wiki →
ARTICLE TYPES
essay →
feed →
help →
system →
wiki →
ARTICLE ORIGINS
critical →
forked →
imported →
original →
raion
please note:
- the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
{{Short description|Administrative division in several countries}}{{Other uses|Rayon (disambiguation)}}A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning ‘honeycomb, department’),Merriam-Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1961, repr. 1981), s.v. raion. and is commonly translated as “district” in English.Saunders, R.A., Strukov, V. Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation. “Scarecrow Press”, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-8108-5475-8}}, S. 477.A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level, such as a subdivision of an oblast. However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division. After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics kept the raion (e.g. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan).In Bulgaria, it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of the country as a whole, or, in the case of Sofia municipality a subdivision of that municipality.WEB,lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133624321, Lex.bg - Ðакони, пÑавилниÑи, конÑÑиÑÑÑиÑ, кодекÑи, дÑÑжавен веÑÑник, пÑавилниÑи по пÑилагане, Laws, regulations, constitution, codes, state gazette, implementing regulations, lex.bg, 8 May 2018, live,lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133624321," title="web.archive.org/web/20170816110817lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133624321,">web.archive.org/web/20170816110817lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133624321, 16 August 2017, - the content below is remote from Wikipedia
- it has been imported raw for GetWiki
Etymology
The word “raion” (or “rayon“) is often used in translated form: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and .List of countries with raion subdivisions
Fourteen countries have or had entities that were named “raion” or the local version of it.{| class=“wikitable sortable“! Country! From! Until! Local name! Comment! DetailsAbkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic>Abkhaz ASSR | Districts of Abkhazia |
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic>Armenian SSR | Districts of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic |
Gendarmerie (Austria)#K.k. Gendarmerie>k.k. Gendarmerie to designate police districts (“Behördenrayon”, lit. authorities’ raion).| |
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic>Azerbaijan SSR | Districts of Azerbaijan |
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic>Byelorussian SSR | Districts of Belarus |
Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna, Bulgaria>Varna. Sofia is subdivided to 24 raions (Sofia districts), Plovdiv - 6, Varna - 5 raions | |
c=è¡æ¿ååº|labels=no}} | Xinjiang>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as influenced by the USSR. The districts of Ãrümqi City and Karamay City are called راÙÙÙ (SASM/GNC romanization | and Uyghur Latin alphabet>ULY: rayon) in Uyghur. | |
rajoonid | Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic>Estonian SSR. In 1990 transformed into counties () | Counties of Estonia |
Georgia (country)>Georgia| | 2006 | raioni | Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic>Georgian SSR; 2006 as first-level entities reorganized into municipalities. A raioni remains a territorial subdivision of Georgia’s capital, Tbilisi. | List of municipalities in Georgia (country) |
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic>Kazakh SSR | Districts of Kazakhstan |
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic>Lithuanian SSR. In 1994 transformed into district municipalities () | Municipalities of Lithuania |
Romanian language>Romanian: raion| introduced in administrative reform in 2003 | Districts of Moldova |
Administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of Romania | Districts of the People’s Republic of Romania |
Russia>Russian Federation| | (existing) | Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic>Russian SFSR | Districts of Russia |
South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast>South Ossetian AO | Districts of South Ossetia |
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic>Moldavian SSR | Raions of Transnistria |
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic>Ukrainian SSR, which were replaced by 136 new raions in 2020.УкÑаÑна з новим адмÑнÑеÑÑÑÑÑоÑм: паÑÐ»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑвоÑив 136 Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÑайонÑв Ñа лÑквÑдÑвав 490 ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ >TRANS-TITLE=UKRAINE WITH A NEW ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM: THE PARLIAMENT CREATED 136 NEW DISTRICTS AND ELIMINATED 490 OLD ONES | WORK=DECENTRALIZATION REFORM | LANGUAGE=UK, THE COUNCIL REDUCED THE NUMBER OF DISTRICTS IN UKRAINE: 136 INSTEAD OF 490>URL= HTTPS://WWW.PRAVDA.COM.UA/NEWS/2020/07/17/7259715/ | UKRAINSKA PRAVDA >DATE=17 JULY 2020 | Raions of cities in Ukraine>subdivided into raions, constituting a total of 118 nationwide.| Raions of Ukraine |
History
Raions in the Soviet Union
In the Soviet Union, raions were administrative divisions created in the 1920s to reduce the number of territorial divisions inherited from the Russian Empire and to simplify their bureaucracies.James R. Millar. Encyclopedia of Russian History. Macmillan Reference USA. New York, 2004. {{ISBN|0-02-865693-8}} The process of conversion to the system of raions was called raionirovanie (“regionalization“). It was started in 1923 in the Urals, North Caucasus, and Siberia as a part of the Soviet administrative reform and continued through 1929, by which time the majority of the country’s territory was divided into raions instead of the old volosts and uyezds.The concept of raionirovanie was met with resistance in some republics, especially in Ukraine, where local leaders objected to the concept of raions as being too centralized in nature and ignoring the local customs. This point of view was backed by the Soviet Russian People’s Commissariat of Nationalities. Nevertheless, eventually all of the territory of the Soviet Union was regionalized.Soviet raions had self-governance in the form of an elected district council (raysovet) and were headed by the local head of administration, who was either elected or appointed.Raions outside the Soviet Union
{{Further|Administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of Romania}}Following the model of the Soviet Union raions have been introduced in Bulgaria, Romania. In China the term is used in Uyghur in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.In Romania they have been later replaced.Raions after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, raions as administrative units continue to be used in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine.They are also used in breakaway regions: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria.{| class=“wikitable sortable“! Set! Quantity! CommentDistricts of Abkhazia > | | first-level |
Districts of Azerbaijan > | | first-level, 18 other entities at that level exist |
Districts of Belarus > | | second-level below oblasts and Minsk City |
Districts of Moldova > | | first-level, 5 other entities at that level exist |
Districts of South Ossetia > | | first-level, 1 other entity at that level exists |
Districts of Russia > | | second-level below federal subjects |
Districts of Transnistria > | | first-level |
Districts of Ukraine > | | second-level, numbers as of 2020, including Sevastopol and Crimea |
Modern raions
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is divided into seven districts.Azerbaijan
Belarus
In Belarus, raions (According to the Instruction on Latin Transliteration of Geographical Names of the Republic of Belarus, Decree of the State Committee on Land Resources, Surveying and Cartography of the Republic of Belarus dated 23.11.2000 No. 15 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081314www.pravo.by/pdf/2007-159/2007-159(027-028).pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} recommended for use by the Working Group on Romanization Systems of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) â WEB,unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/9th-uncsgn-docs/e-conf-98-crp-21.pdf, Archived copy, 2009-07-26, dead,unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/9th-UNCSGN-Docs/E-CONF-98-CRP-21.pdf," title="web.archive.org/web/20090824062135unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/9th-UNCSGN-Docs/E-CONF-98-CRP-21.pdf,">web.archive.org/web/20090824062135unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/9th-UNCSGN-Docs/E-CONF-98-CRP-21.pdf, 2009-08-24, . See also: Instruction on transliteration of Belarusian geographical names with letters of Latin script; Romanization of Belarusian.) are administrative units subordinated to oblasts. See also: (:Category:Districts of Belarus).Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, raions are subdivisions of three biggest cities: Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna. Sofia is subdivided to 24 raions (Sofia districts), Plovdiv - 6, Varna - 5 raions.Moldova
South Ossetia
Transnistria
Russia
Ukraine
In Ukraine, there are a total of 136 raions which are the administrative divisions of oblasts (provinces) and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Major cities of regional significance as well as the two national cities with special status (Kyiv and Sevastopol) are also subdivided into raions (constituting a total of 118 nationwide).Notes
{{Reflist|group=nb}}References
{{Reflist}}- {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ty}}
- content above as imported from Wikipedia
- "raion" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 4:56am EDT - Wed, May 22 2024
- "raion" does not exist on GetWiki (yet)
- time: 4:56am EDT - Wed, May 22 2024
[ this remote article is provided by Wikipedia ]
LATEST EDITS [ see all ]
GETWIKI 21 MAY 2024
The Illusion of Choice
Culture
Culture
GETWIKI 09 JUL 2019
Eastern Philosophy
History of Philosophy
History of Philosophy
GETWIKI 09 MAY 2016
GetMeta:About
GetWiki
GetWiki
GETWIKI 18 OCT 2015
M.R.M. Parrott
Biographies
Biographies
GETWIKI 20 AUG 2014
GetMeta:News
GetWiki
GetWiki
© 2024 M.R.M. PARROTT | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED